 IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALISATION ON ARCHITECTURE

 MODERN MATERIALS OF INDUSTRIALISATION

 CRYSTAL PALACE
 EIFFEL TOWER Group members:
 Navdha kapila
 Geetik Sharma
 Shubham Negi
 S. Prasanna
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
 The industrial revolution is one of the Great changes in IMPACT OF INDUSTRIALISATION ON ARCHITECTURE
human history. It starts in the middle of 18 century in Britain  People started design more industrial type, which is more useful rather
and continuing until now. than Gothic buildings.
 Things that describes the period of Industrial revolution are  In that period some people was already on industrial side, started
inventions of steam engine, coal and iron. designing simple structure.
 When people started designing with industrial mind they had many
choice of design their house.
Pre romansque style Romansque architecture  There were movements as Gothic revival and Art Nouveau.

 Inspired by medieval architecture  Ornamental style of art that flourished between about
 Developed in Britain in the 19th century. 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the U.S.
 It's called 'Gothic Revival' because it echoes Gothic  characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line
architecture.  Architecture particularly shows this synthesis of
 Gothic was a style for churches, where it was meant to ornament and structure; a liberal combination of
emphasize the divine and involved precise mathematical materials—ironwork, glass, ceramic, and brickwork—
calculations and proportions. was employed
 But Gothic Revival transformed it into a decorative, fanciful
style with little connection to past function.

 Medieval architecture simply refers to

architectural styles in medieval Europe during
the middle ages.
 Architecture during these times had gone
through several changes and phases such as
from Romanesque style to Gothic style.
 Styles include pre-Romanesque,
Romanesque, and Gothic.

Gothic revival style

Gothic architecture
Art Noveau architecture in Europe
 Steam Engine
Inventions during industrialisation
It went on to symbolize the
Previously, building materials had been restricted to a few manmade materials
Industrial Revolution itself.
Without the steam engine, no
along with those available in nature:
other invention of the Industrial Timber, stone, timber, lime mortar, and concrete. Metals were not available in
Revolution would be possible. sufficient quantity or consistent quality to be used as anything more than
ornamentation.
The Industrial Revolution changed this situation dramatically.
The growth of heavy industry brought a flood of new building materials—such
as
The factory changed manufacturing forever  cast iron
Industrial machinery and steam-powered transportation
 steel
were the two main ingredients of the single most important
development of the Industrial Revolution: the factory  Glass
—with which architects and engineers devised structures hitherto undreamed
of in function, size, and form.

Examples of buildings after

industrialisation
 The Crystal Palace was a glass and cast
iron structure. The structure was built in London,
for the Great Exhibition of 1851.
 Eiffel tower in 1889. Standing on 4 huge
arched legs, the iron lattice tower rises narrowly to
The steamboat and the locomotive just over 1000 ft high.
Expanding the capacity for people to move around the
whole of England was essential to supplying the demand
for labor in the growing manufacturing and mining centers
in other parts of the country.
Architecture in 18th century

1810s in architecture 1820s Engraving - George Corselius Gothic revival Victorian Homes in 1850s Crystal palace, 1851 Homes in 1870s Eiffel tower,
Westminster Abbey House, late 1820s style in 1830s architecture,1837- 1889
1901
Manufacturing process of Iron and Steel Manufacturing of Glass
 A new method of producing glass, known as the cylinder process, was
developed in Europe during the early 19th century.
 In 1832, this process was used by the Chance Brothers to create sheet glass.
They became the leading producers of window and plate glass
History of Glass

How is glass used in Construction

Portland Cement Portland Cement – strong, durable, fire resistant type of cement
developed in 1824.
 A few years later, in 1845, Isaac Johnson made the
first modern Portland Cement by firing a mixture of
chalk and clay at much higher temperatures,
similar to those used today.
 At these temperatures (1400C-1500C), clinkering
occurs and minerals form which are very reactive
and more strongly cementitious.
 Three important developments in the
manufacturing process lead to modern Portland
cement:
1. Development of rotary kilns
2. Addition of gypsum to control setting
3.Use of ball mills to grind clinker and raw
materials
The process of glass production


Architect : Joseph Paxton
Architectural style: Victorian architecture
The Crystal Palace
 Type : Exihibition palace The structure was built in Hyde Park, London,
 Material : Cast Iron and Plate glass to house the Great Exhibition of 1851.

an intricate
network of slender
iron rods
sustaining walls of
clear glass.

Interior of crystal palace

On the night of Nov. 30, 1936, the

colossal building constructed of glass
Front elevation and iron that sat atop Sydenham Hill to
Portion of the lower storey of the principal elevations. the south of the city, was on fire.

a remarkable construction of
prefabricated parts.
 View of the Interior of the Transept

main body of the building-563 m long ; 124 m wide;

height of the central transept- 33 m.
construction occupied :18 acres on the ground,
total floor area was about 23 acres.
View of Glass Roof from the Lead Flat

General View of the Building from the South-West

  Architect : Stephen sauvestre
 Type : Observation tower, Broadcasting tower
Eiffeltower
Eiffel Tower
 Material : Wrought iron lattice tower Champ de Mars, 5 Avenue Anatole
France, 75007 Paris, France

• completed in 1889
• It was the tallest man-made
structure in the world at
1,063 ft tall.
• It has 3 visitor levels, 2 of
Top view of Eiffel tower which have restaurants.
• The top level is an
observation tower situated
906 ft above the ground.

Base of Eiffel tower View of Eiffel tower from below Plan of Eiffel tower

The Eiffel Tower was an icon of French engineering and innovation in the 19th century, as well
as a testament to the dominant role that France held in the world at that time.

The start of the erection Construction of the Completion of the Start of construction Completion of the Construction of Construction
of the metalwork legs with scaffolding first level on the second stage second level the upper stage of the cupola