QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 5

Part 04: Unbound Pavement Materials

4.2.3 Inspection Testing and Control

1 Loose materials for testing and acceptance shall be sampled from the un-compacted in-place
layer.

2 For verification of plant weights and measures, character of materials used in the preparation
of the mixes, testing and other quality control requirements, the Engineer shall at all times be
provided access to all portions of the mixing plant, aggregate plant, storage yards, crushers
and other facilities used for producing and processing the materials of construction.

3 The Engineer shall have authority to take samples and perform tests on any material
supplied to the site from any source whatsoever in order to establish compliance and to
accept or reject as he deems necessary. Samples shall also be taken from completed work
to determine compliance. The frequency of all sampling and testing shall be as designated by
the Engineer.

4 The Contractor shall provide suitable facilities at the quarry or plants to carry out all
necessary tests on the raw materials and mixes.

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5 The Contractor shall arrange for obtaining specimens of materials and samples taken from
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stockpiles, including the provision of any necessary equipment and plant. This work shall be
performed in the presence of the Engineer if so directed by the Engineer.
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6 Materials that are not in compliance shall be rejected and removed immediately from the site
of the works unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
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7 Where defects in the materials or the completed work have been corrected, the Contractor
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shall not proceed with subsequent work until approval has been given by the Engineer.
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4.2.4 Fine Aggregate

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1 Fine aggregate (passing the 4.75 mm sieve) shall consist of crushed mineral aggregate
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and/or natural sand.

2 The fine aggregate shall be clean and free from clay-balls and other extraneous or
detrimental materials.

3 Where the source of fine aggregate does not meet the requirements listed in Table 4.1, the
Contractor may, with the Engineer's approval, add fine aggregate and filler to correct the
gradation or to change the characteristics of the material passing the 0.425mm sieve so as to
meet the requirements. Such additional material shall be added in a manner which ensures a
completely homogeneous material.
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 6
Part 04: Unbound Pavement Materials

Table 4.1
Specifications of fine aggregates for Road Base and Subbase layers

Specification Limits
Parameter Standard Minimum Frequency
Road Base Subbase

Liquid Limit ASTM D4318 25%max. 25% max.

- Each source
Plasticity Index ASTM D4318 6 % max. 6 % max.
- Visible change in material
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Sand equivalent ASTM D2419 35 min. 25 min. - 1 test every 1000m

Organic content BS 1377

0.5% max. 0.5% max.
Part 3

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4.2.5 Coarse / Combined Aggregate

1
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Coarse aggregate (retained on the 4.75 mm sieve) shall consist of crushed stone or crushed
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gravel and shall be free from organic matter, clay and other extraneous or detrimental
materials.

2 The required properties of coarse aggregates for Road Base and Subbase layers are listed in
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Table 4.2.
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Table 4.2
Specifications of coarse aggregates for Road Base and Subbase layers
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Specification Limits
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Parameter Standard Minimum Frequency

Road Base Subbase

Fractured Faces ASTM D5821 50% min. 50% min.

- Each source
Flat and Elongated
ASTM D4791 10% max. 15% max.
Particles (5:1) - Visible change in

ASTM C131 material

Loss by Abrasion 30% max. 40% max.
ASTM C535 3
- 1 test every 3000m
Soundness
ASTM C88 15% max. 20% max.
(5 cycles by MgSO4)

3 Loose materials for testing and acceptance shall be sampled from the un-compacted in-
place layer.

4 The required properties of combined aggregate for Road Base and Subbase layers are listed
in Table 4.3.

5 Unit weight and moisture content of materials containing more than 5% by mass of oversize
fraction tested in accordance with ASTM D1557 should be corrected following ASTM D4718.
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 7
Part 04: Unbound Pavement Materials

6 When nuclear gauge is used for field density and moisture content testing, 3 readings shall
be made at each test location within a radius of 2 meters. The average of the 3 readings is
considered to be the density for that test location. Individual density readings shall not be less
than the target relative density by more than 0.5%.

7 When nuclear gauge is used for field density and moisture content testing, the density and
moisture content for each material shall be verified by measurements in accordance with
ASTM D1556 and ASTM D2216, respectively. The mean value of the replicate readings shall
be used as the calibration point value for each material.

8 In case abnormally high relative density values are encountered, it will be required to re-
evaluate the related field and laboratory density values.

9 Gradation requirements of combined aggregate for Road Base and Subbase layers are listed
in Table 4.4.

4.2.6 Recycled Aggregate

1 Recycled aggregate produced from excavating natural ground and from demolition wastes

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can be used in subgrade and subbase layers provided that the specifications stated in
Section 6 - Part 9 are complied. ite
Table 4.3
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1
Specifications of combined aggregates for Road Base and Subbase layers

Specification Limits
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Parameter Standard Minimum Frequency

Road Base Subbase
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3 3
2.15 Mg/m 2.05 Mg/m
Maximum Dry Density ASTM D1557 - Each source.
min. min.
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Gradation ASTM D6913 Table 4.4 Table 4.4 - Visible change in

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California Bearing material

ASTM D1883 80% min. 70% min.
Ratio (CBR) 3
(Soaked) - 1 test per 1000m
Swelling 0.5% max. 1.0% max.
ASTM D6938 - 1 per 200 m per
2
Field Density 100% of MDD 100% of MDD
ASTM D1556 layer
In Place Moisture ASTM D6938 - 1 every 75m per
2  1.5% of OMC  2% of OMC lane per layer
Content ASTM D4944
In Place California 2
ASTM D4429 80% min. 70% min. 1 per 2000 m
Bearing Ratio (CBR)
Acid soluble Chloride
BS 1377 Part 3 2% max. 2% max.
Content 3
1 per 3000 m
Acid soluble sulphate
BS 1377 Part 3 3% max. 3% max.
content
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Loose materials for testing and acceptance shall be sampled from the un-compacted in- place layer.
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During compaction.
QCS 2014 Section 06: Roadworks Page 8
Part 04: Unbound Pavement Materials

Table 4.4
Gradation limits for Road Base and Subbase layers

Sieve Size Road Base Subbase

50.0 mm 100 100

37.5 mm 95 – 100 90 – 100
19.0 mm 70 – 92 70 – 90
9.5 mm 50 – 70 45 - 75
4.75 mm 35 – 55 30 – 60
0.600 mm 12 – 25 10 – 30
0.075 mm 0–8 0 – 12

4.2.7 Water

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1 Sea, brackish or saline water shall not be used in the mixing, spreading and compacting
operations for Road Base / Subbase layers. ite
4.2.8 Performance Indicators
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1 Upon the request of the Engineer, the following performance related indicators shall be
determined from loose in place materials for verification of the pavement structural design
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following the AASHTO Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide:

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(a) Resilient Modulus (MR) in accordance with AASHTO T307 at optimum moisture
content and maximum density as per ASTM D1557.
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(b) Parameters and moduli required for determining the Permanent Deformation Potential
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in accordance with AASTHO Mechanistic Empirical Design Guide.

(c) Parameters and moduli required for measuring the Fatigue Cracking Potential for
stabilized and surface layers in accordance with AASHTO Mechanistic Empirical
Design Guide.
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2 For performance testing, one sample shall be tested every 10,000 m , and for constructions
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having less than 10,000 m volume, one sample shall be tested every 50% of the total
volume.

4.3 MAIN EQUIPMENT

4.3.1 General

1 Unless otherwise stipulated herein the provisions of Section 6, Part 3 (Earthworks), in respect
of the main machinery and tools used in earthworks construction, shall be adhered to,
subject to the modifications and additions in this clause.

2 The Contractor shall not be allowed to use any equipment or plant before obtaining the
approval of the Engineer, and the Contractor shall undertake sound technical methods in
operation and to engage skilled and trained operators, mechanics and labor to carry out the
works.