Review of Preventive and Social Medicine

Human Development Index [HDI] Vs Physical Quality of Life Index [PQLI]Q

HDI PQLI
Components 1. L
 ongetivity – Life expectancy at birth (LEB/ LE0) 1. Life expectancy at 1 year age
2. Income (Real GDP per capita in PPP US$) (LE1)
3. Knowledge (Mean years of schooling – Gross 2. Infant mortality rate (IMR)
enrolment ratio & Literacy rate) 3. Literacy rate
I Range 0 to +1 0 to 100
HDI values range : 0 to + 1
Q Value of 0.554 65
India

Human Poverty Index (HPI)

• HPI measures: Deprivation in basic dimensions of human development

• HPI is complimentary to: Human Development Index (HDI)
• (Components of HPI – I (Used for developing countries):Q
– Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40
– Adult Illiteracy Rate
– Un-weighted average of two indicators:
- % population not using an improved water source
- % children underweight-for-age
• Components of HPI – II (Used for developed countries):
– Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60
Concepts of Health and Disease

– % adults (aged 16-65 years) lacking functional literacy skills

– % people living below poverty line (BPL)
– Rate of long term unemployment (12 months or more)

INDICATORS OF HEALTH

Mortality and Morbidity Indicators

Mortality indicators­ Morbidity indicators

Crude Death Rate Incidence & Prevalence
Expectation of LifeQ Notification Rates
Infant Mortality Rate Attendance Rates at hospitals, etc
Child Mortality Rate Admission, readmission and discharge rates
I Under-5 proportionate mortality rate Duration of hospital stay
Life Expectancy is a ‘Positive Maternal Mortality Rate Spells of sickness
mortality indicator’ Proportional Mortality Rate
Disease-specific Mortality Rate
• Life Expectancy is a ‘Positive mortality indicator’Q

Sullivan’s Index
I • Sullivan’s Index = Life Expectancy MINUS Duration of disability (bed disability
‘Disability free life expectancy
and inability to perform major activities)Q
DFLE = Sullivan's Index
– Is known as ‘Disability free life expectancy (DFLEQ)’

Disability Adjusted Life Years [DALYs]

I • Is BEST measure of burden of disease in a defined population and the effectiveness

DALY is of interventionsQ
BEST measure of burden of • It expresses years lost to premature death and years lived with disability (adjusted
disease in a defined population for its’ severity)
• DALYs can measure ‘both mortality and disability together’
• DALY = YLL (Years of lost life) + YLD (Years lost to disability)
• One DALY = One year of healthy life lost
• Standards of Life expectancy used: Japan life expectancy statistics.
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