CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Flood, defined as unusual presence of water on land to a depth which affects

normal activities. Flooding can arise from excessive or even light rainfall, a stream or
river overflows its banks, an unusual inflow of sea water onto land. Water naturally flows
from high areas to low lying areas that serve as natural depositional environments. This
means low-lying areas may flood quickly before it begins to get to higher ground.

Urban floods happen in a relatively short period of time and can inundate an area
with several feet of water. As areas become 'urbanized' or go through the process of
urbanization, there are increased flood risks that result. The main problem with urban
flooding is the fact that they occur in highly populated areas. Although not as severe as a
flash flood, the property damages can be significant as surface water runoff is controlled
and managed by humans in a concrete world.

The inadequacy capacity of drainage system can cause floods because there are
more rains than the drainage system can take. Low-lying areas such as Tanza Cavite
become prone to flooding. The limited flow capacity of drainage channels was found out
to be the caused by one or several combinations of the following: undersized drainage
channels, inconsistent drain size, clogged manholes, sediments deposits along the
drainage channels, flood water spilling to neighboring areas.

The development of drainage system at Tanza Public Market aims to improve the
health of the community, safety and environment. It helps to reduce flood in generally
affected areas, and the problems caused by flood. In achieving these goals, adequate
drainage facilities, and a comprehensive study plan for the assessment of this proposed
project.
 Tanza Cavite suffers from flood in every rainy season, which is mainly attributed
to the malfunctioning of the existing drainage system due to the adequate maintenance
under these circumstances. Researchers plan to improve the existing drainage system.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 The General objective of the study is to analyze and develop the drainage system
of Tanza Public Market.
Specifically, this study aims to:

 To Analyze the existing drainage system

 Design an effective drainage system

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will give benefit to the following:

 Researchers – The researchers will have in depth knowledge about

flood prevention and develop skills in designing drainage system.
 Community – Ensure that flood waters don't present an unacceptable
risk to the society.
 Aspiring students to take up water engineering in the mere future - this
research will focus on the different flow rate and surface run-off of
water at different points not only of the drainage system but as well as
any other hydraulic structures.
 Professors – This project may refresh their knowledge about designing
drainage system.
SCOPES AND DELIMITATIONS

The study will concentrate on the analysis of existing canal and improvement of
drainage system at Tanza Public Market.

This research will provide:


 Structural design of the drainage system – Height and length of canals,
drainage channels.
 Hydraulic design - determined afflux elevation during Extreme flood
and Normal flood events as well as its Froude’s number
 Estimate of cost of materials that will be used - provide estimate
number of materials used as well as its unit cost per quantity. Provide
estimate of labor cost depending on the activity if necessary.

However, this research will not include the following:

 Use of water other than irrigation (such as household)

 Permits regarding the construction of the dam
 Latest borehole test (Since there is already an existing dam, it is
already proven that the soil could handle dam structures).
 The strength of the gate attached to the pier of the dam. The only
purpose of the hydraulic gate is for sluiceway to collect water,
therefore only the pressure provided by the water to the gate may be
provided.
 Given tailwater is not applicable on the highest afflux elevation, it is
only used for normal flood condition due to either low crest level of
the existing dam or maybe due to the existing dam itself. However, an
approximate tailwater for highest afflux elevation may be computed
once the level and length of basin under the normal flood condition is
obtained.
 Ripraps and retaining wall are provided only to give protection to soil
erosion and researches will not give more details on the design of
retaining wall (researchers only used minimum thickness and bar
spacing for these) since the focus of the research is hydraulic and
structural design of the dam only.
 The water duty required for the irrigation is 1.7 L/s/ha for 16 hours as
provided by National Irrigation Administration.