Name: Abuukar Ahmed cosoboow

Lecturer: Ustad Mascuud.

Psychiatry
All psychiatric interviews must begin with a personal introduction and establish the purpose of
the interview, this helps create an alliance around the initial examination. The interviewer should
attempt to greet the person warmly and use words that demonstrate care, attention, and concern.
Note-taking and use of computers should be minimized and, if used, should not interfere with
ongoing eye contact. The interviewer should indicate that this interaction is collaborative, and
that any misunderstandings on the part of patient or physician should be immediately clarified. In
addition, the patient should be instructed to ask questions, interrupt, and provide corrections or
additions at any time. The time frame for the interview should be announced. In general, the
interviewer should acknowledge that some of the issues and questions raised will be highly
personal, and that if there are issues that the patient has real trouble with, he or she should let the
examiner know. Confidentiality should be assured at the outset of the interview. If the
psychiatrist is meeting a hospitalized patient at the request of the primary medical or surgical
team, this should be stated at the outset.

Factors of psychiatric illness:

 Genetics (heredity): Mental illnesses sometimes run in families, suggesting that people
who have a family member with a mental illness may be somewhat more likely to
develop on themselves. Susceptibility is passed on in families through genes. Experts
believe many mental illnesses are linked to abnormalities in many genes rather than just
one or a few and that how these genes interact with the environment is unique for every
person (even identical twins). 
 Infections: Certain infections have been linked to brain damage and the development of
mental illness or the worsening of its symptoms. For example, a condition known as
pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder (PANDA) associated with
the Streptococcus bacteria has been linked to the development of compulsive and other
mental illnesses in children.
 Brain defects or injury: Defects in or injury to certain areas of the brain has also been
linked to some mental illnesses.
Name: Abuukar Ahmed cosoboow
Lecturer: Ustad Mascuud.

 Prenatal damage: Some evidence suggests that a disruption of early fetal brain
development or trauma that occurs at the time of birth for example, loss of oxygen to the
brain may be a factor in the development of certain conditions, such as autism spectrum
disorder.
 Substance abuse : Long-term substance abuse, in particular, has been linked
to anxiety, depression, and paranoia.

Prevalence of psychiatry illness:

According to Europe PMC the state psychiatric hospital is experiencing an

increase in medically sick and aging patients who die of natural causes while
hospitalized. This study explored the "lexicalization" of the state hospital by
examining the prevalence of medical illness and its relationship with
psychiatric illness and age among state hospital psychiatric inpatients that
died of natural causes--deaths that were not accidents, homicides, or
suicides. METHODS: A total of 179 in patients who died of natural causes at
Western State Hospital in Washington State between 1989 and 1994 were
studied retrospectively through case file review. Their demographic and
institutional characteristics and psychiatric diagnoses were compared with
those of others treated at the hospital (N=9,258). The medical diagnoses of
patients who died were analyzed by age and psychiatric condition. RESULTS:
The patients who died were much older than the other patients treated
during the study period. Two-thirds of those who died had organic mental
disorders, mostly dementia, whereas only a fifth of the other patients had
these disorders. The patients who died had a mean of eight physical
illnesses, with a range from none to 21. Circulatory and respiratory
conditions were most prevalent, affecting half to two-thirds of patients; these
conditions had high rates of co morbidity with organic mental disorders.

Importance of psychiatrist: Psychiatry is more important to the general

public than ever before, and with the rise of reported mental health and
behavioral health issues, it might seem a bit confusing as to why individuals
Name: Abuukar Ahmed cosoboow
Lecturer: Ustad Mascuud.

still tend to ignore the repercussions of leaving these symptoms untreated.

Let’s take a look at several reasons as to why it’s important to invest in
psychiatry services:

 PATIENT IMPROVEMENT IS OFTEN FAIRLY QUICK.

 MODERN PSYCHIATRY DEALS WITH ALL HEALTH ISSUES.

 MONTEVISTA HOSPITAL UTILIZES A “TEAM” APPROACH.

Lastly, Psychiatry is still finding its way. But that need not be a reason to lose hope. Rather, it is
an invitation for each psychiatrist-patient team to join together to optimize each patient’s
treatment using their own experience as a guide.