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9. OT N _ chéngshi city 10. HLA N _ difang place ile Vv érzi son 12. ¥ N cdi food; a dish D PRY SA PH FLAG I “You just came back to Beijing from Xi’an”. “JA+NP” forms a prepositional phrase that precedes the verb, indicating the starting point of an action. The object of the preposition “JA” usually a word or a phrase denoting location or time (see Lesson 16). For example: PME BA MR. WMEB RP A In order to function as the object of “JA”, a noun or a pronoun that doesn't denote location must be followed by “iXJL” or “3B JL", thus completing the prepositional phrase which modifies the verb. For example: RIK AL BAB ILA 6 HEA ABIL? REVI AGILE ARE Q@ FR)MEABEAT LL. “The food (I had) was passable. “HELA” is used as an adjective here, meaning “good, not bad”. “i FJ L\” means “passable; just so-so”. For example: UPB BETA, MLB PA REWRRZ TV, D HBT. “Look, it’s your turn now.” “j%+NP+(V)+ 7” means “it's somebody's turn (to do something)”. For example: -7-EMRE. ® Pea FE “Good morning, Lin Na.” “FL! "is another expression commonly employed by Chinese people as a greeting. It is usually used to say hello to someone in the morning. The common reply to it is also “4! ” For example: —20F! — FY O RAV wT HE” “I know how to say ‘I don’t understand.”” In the Shanghai dialect, the expression “ffi {i” means “I don’t understand.” In this dialect, “#8” can be pronounced “fil fir”([A?IA]), whereas “7K” is pronounced “4” ([va?]). © Ree La“ AE. “This means ‘I don’t understand’ in the Shanghai dialect.” “E" (1) has the function of empha It is used to either confirm a fact, or stress that “this is exactly what the fact is”. For example: LURLE. HABDAS i KEY SENTENCES : 1 AMF! PARR MEATS? : 2. RRAGKA,KRALBT. i 3. AMAR DLE, 4. FR-KRGRS VAR BH? 5. ABI R ABIL At Are 6. RRA 7. FBARBRA ORAL. 8. RR ERE N RAE”LieR — 4 Kk (Chéngshi) , 3 FARA AR BE Ee BRS 3) RAL HIS, EAA RRA So KRHRAAMT RS AS A (difang) ALK TAY FAR HE TRS ATH . MILF (Erzi LAI, AUP BARAT LAAT ZA IL MK OAR, ABA FEIT ER (COI) AE AAG ALR AE o RARE ELAR AE HE PCR IRE AEF E TJS ZMLAAK, KRAA LG RIG WA BILE ME. TEM LAER AS Me BN MALBARH EMG, FRAME PREMAAR AA ALA RAMEE, ” 1. ##253MH(1) The complement of state (1) In Chinese, a verb or an adjective is frequently followed by an element provid- ing further detail or explanation. TI led the complement. Among the various forms of complements, the one that describes or comments on the achieved state of an action is called the complement of state. It is usually formed by an adjective or an adjectival phrase. The structural particle “#}” must be placed between the verb and the complement of state. To create the negative form, “78” should be put before the complement of state. V+ i + Adv + A RO ik - a a a The V/A-not-V/A question form is constructed by juxtaposing the affirmative form of the complement with its negative form. V+ @ + A + A RL RF RD BR BR RR? In this kind of sentence, if there is an object following the verb, the verb needs to be reduplicated and then placed after the object, but before “4”. The first verb is often omitted. 16(VY) + 0+ V+ # + Adv + A Predicate Subject, [~——— —— o | v8" | aay A [Pee te ge |e | em ile | & le | | 3B B? Life ae a | [iene | jem | GL) [aba 2 a BAH? am [|e | ew Notes; (1) A complement formed by an adjective is usually preceded by “4jt”. This is similar to the case in which the adjective is used as a predicate. For example, “3RAR7LL” , “BILE” - (2) The focus of a sentence containing a complement of state is centered on the complement. Therefore, both its question form and related answer form are usually made from variations on the complement. Its negative form is made by negating the complement rather than by placing “JX” before the verb. Hence, it is incorrect to say OO “HARARE. ” (3) In this kind of sentence, the elliptical form can be used to answer a ques— tion. For example, Question Answer RRERERAS? RBA, BUMRAAL, ARAL. 2. Br “T” OQ: HEHE RAI Particle “T” @, Confirming the completion or realization of something In Lesson 13, we learned that the particle “7” @ can follow a verb to denote the completion or realization of an action. In this lesson, we see that “7” @ always appears at the end of a sentence. It emphatically confirms the completion or realization of some event or situation. Compare the sentences in groups A and By [1] Incorrect sentences are marked by ® in this book. ~16-rather than To form a V/A-not-V/A question, negative ( “+B.” ), A VEE MILI Where are you going? RAH. I am going to the shopping mall. WEHAT What are you going to buy? RE RR Tam going to buy some clothes. In group A, To negate a sentence with the particle “7” @, place the adverl “oR B WEMILT? Where have you been? Or Where did you go? REBT. I've been to the shopping mall. Or I went to the shopping mall. MEAT? What have you bought? Or What did you buy? RERMT 6 T've bought some clothes. Or I bought some clothes. “APH” and “SCAR” are not completed actions in the past. In group B, however, these two actions are definitely completed or realized. CA)” before the verb, and omit “7” from the end of the sentence. juxtapose the affirmative form of the verb with its or add“... }¥444" to the end of an affirmative sentence. Vi o+ yey Predicate Subject 1 - | Adv O78 Po B & ae Te te aA * Lite RE a R TB a & Bs TRA? #& SMES | RB? Notes; (1) When present, the particle “J” @) always indicates that actions or events “77 @ (especially several events have taken place in the past. However, it is not true that is always required to express past events. To narrate a past event taking place consecutively ) or to describe a scene at a specific moment, without -17-confirming the realization of the action, we can leave out “J”. For example; EMAWLFLA LY, FEERM—-ARA, (2) If “J” simultaneously follows the verb and stands at the end of the sentence, it then performs both functions mentioned above. For example; WET o “J” expresses the completion and realization ANT. of the action and confirms the completion or TREKS. realization of some event or situation. 3. ShTKYHH Reduplication of the verb In Chinese, verbs can be reduplicated. The form for reduplicated monosyllabic verbs is “AA” or “AWA”. However, the form for reduplicated bisyllabic verbs is “ABAB” , and “—” cannot be added between the two syllables of bisyllabic verbs. For example; @7i, itil, &—4, HIN, BA, IMAM, MIB, ete. Reduplicating a verb has the function of implying a short duration for that action or the idea of giving something a try. In this sense, it is similar to adding “—-” to the verb. 4. 100~10000A#R3cH Numeration for numbers from 100 to 10,000 101 -—FO- 102 —qF¥OH we 109 —FOXA 110 —H—+ Ml -F#-+— 12 HF ee 9 —F#—-+A 120 —gat 191 -FAt-— 192 —FAPS ves 19 —Grte 200 =F 21 =FO- 202 =FOR ve 209 =HOR 210 =H—H 91 ABAP— 992 AMAL ve 999 ABATA 1000 —F 1001 -FO0— 1010 —FO—+ — 1052. —F OR += 1100 —4$—-F 1109 —+-—FOA 3543 +H AwW+= 8990 AFAFA+ 9999 AFAAATA -18-D SRILA LABS? “Can I start borrowing books today? ” ‘The adverb “3£"(2) is often used to suggest the earliness or quickness of an action, It is also used to indicate that an action or event takes place immediately after the previous one. For example: ACR BARAT RMREREAH 0 D Seite ATE ARMA CBR, “Now that you are living in China, you should fill in the form by yourself.” ‘The pronoun “7G” is frequently used to refer back to the pronoun or noun preceding it for emphasis. eg. “(WAG”,“HNAC” “NRAG” “200A CS” “Be ene”. @ Aan. “You yourself know (what to write).” © WRB LBA . “T heard that you had an exam last week.” e “I” and “7” are both used with reference to the order of things or to time sequence, with “:" meaning “last” or “previous”, and “"F” meaning “next” or “the following”. last/previous ER (last time). L2H (last Friday) (2&4) 29H (this Friday) ~ 2% (next Friday) EA (last month) ik 4+ A (this month) = (next month) next/the following time) FX inext time) © RIL ABA LES eat al? “How long is the loan period here for a book? ” ~33-© AARNE “The fine for an overdue book is two mao per day.” 1. dinak-eve, 2. RINE, AAC HIEDT 3. FR RT BP 4 DAP EE AKA CRA, 5. PILAR ESE RARE BIE T 6. KIL AG BTAT S Kadi? 7. BO REMT BARAK 8. at Rat PAA, Adee FU: 1. JAE FFU Master the following phrases (1) RARE FARR BMARLALY FFRABBARE ALR -LROE —PLRLI RGB —DLRE RF (2) BUS Ate HtF ACH ALR] AUR Hemi RACE WACEEAH MAGIA 114 CHR SRAACHSF AKRACHHABS AMNATAIOE +R ES FR FR #R HE BR SE thé FRA FRA SWEHR HSE BRR NHRE NLR FMHR PRHA HF-APR FRABAT FRAT FIST eLT tebe T tes T AORRART RIED T te PH BET TOMAR T AK PILET (5) -+A F-AL BH Em BIER M+ a eh RTBDH FTI Ha MI-SA AMT SR FIT—-H GB (4 ~34-RHE RR HORT AOR LT FCAT PARA LET AAA — RAAT ESS mn 1. fRARIANE The simple directional complement “3” and “3e” are often placed after certain verbs to act as their complements, showing the direction of their actions. Such complements are called simple directional complements. If the action moves towards the speaker, or proceeds towards the objects) under discussion, we use “3£" ; and if the action moves away from the speaker or proceeds away from the object(s) under discussion, we use “Je”. For example; _ DEAK LAT. (The speakers are standing upside, BC, UNA, | (The speakers are standing outside. ) -40-GH: ith hae T (The speakers are standing downside. ) it should be placed between the verb and its complement. To negate the completion of an action, the negative adverb “3% (4 )" is used. To form the W/A-not-V/A question with this vonstruction, use the affirmative and negative forms of the predicative verb. V+ 0+ R/K If @ verb with a simple directional complement has an obj Predicate Subject — —— = Adverbial Vo | 0 | RH | pt | an | & | aw | | & | % | ein | m bok | Fe | etn | £ | ® * Ta? | aR | em | ole * | | & WR | RE MER a! fe | eee | om a | Note; The verb in this type of sentence cannot be modified by the particle “7” ®; but the particle “7” @ can be used at the end of the sentence to show that something has already happened. Thus, we cannot say @ “ffl FRAN? ” 2. “GB” 4] (1) The “#3” sentence (1) The “J2" sentence is a kind of sentence with a verbal predicate. It is frequently used in Chinese to show how the action in the sentence disposes of an object and how this disposal affects the object, i.e. whether the object has been transposed, or its state has been changed. For example; General statement vs. Emphasis on disposal Ar MMH TI? As (eA? GARBRILT? B; REBHT. B; 4e#2ET. (s0 you can't find it now) -41-A; Heth 2 RIG? Ar MRA LAA AG ABET 7 Gb 2H), B, AapAA, Riek EAST. (so I've made such a mistake) In the “#8” sentence, the preposition “#82” and its object — the thing(s) to be disposed of — must function together as an adverbial and be placed after the subject and before the verb. S + #8 + O + V + other elements Predicate Subject "| Adverbial| Prep | | Other | Opv v | “3” | (disposed of) elements & | x | & So | te | te PRR AR Ae RH x Ta? & a | *& te kA B T. He | de | RHE Ie TRA? We can see the following points from the sentences in the above table: (1) The main verb in the “4” sentence must be a transitive one, and often it has the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”. Verbs such as “AP, 48 JK, 3, FE, HAF and MMi", which do not have the meaning “dispose of” or “manipulate”, cannot be used in the “ff!” sentence (2) The object in the “#8” sentence is usually definite in the speakers mind, Therefore, we cannot say: @“HRIE—ABIET 5” We can only say: BRIGIBAGA KET”, or “RIFE LUC AABIE To (3) ‘The verb in the “4” sentence must take some other element (s) after it. ‘The “J” sentences discussed in this lesson all have the particle “7” at the end (and we will introduce the other “48” sentences with different element (s) later). We cannot say: ® “FR{BIX HLA"; we must say: “FLEA ILA ST” instead. (4) An optative verb or adverb (functioning as an adverbial) must be put before “#8”. For example: “HAGE LUM BBT . ” 3. RYHL7MH (1) The time-measure complement (1) ‘The time-measure complement is used after a verb to indicate the duration of -42-an action or state. When the verb has an object, it is duplicated after the object and then followed by a time-measure complement. The first verb is usually omitted 1n this construction, and its interrogative form often uses the phrase “4 {cif fi]. sure complement (V) + O + V + time Subject | Lm | ef + | TAK | # | Tt an Gh) | BE | OT o Kati? & CH) | she * Tt Bhat | Note: Only time phrases indicating a period of time can be used as time-measure complements, such as “—J} 6h, Abit, 2A, HAE and —2 JL". Time phrases indicating a point of time on the time scale, such as +, AS, 2002 4£”, cannot be used as time-measure complements, since they do not express a duration of time. For example, we cannot say: @ “RT —A#. ” To create the negative form, a negative adverb is usually placed before the predicative verb of the sentence with the time-measure complement. For example: TARRAFDEF WETTESAL ASE A T BAN om? RPE RAS BAA 1. ISAIAH (2) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (2) Ideographic method (44%): This is a method in which new characters are reated by adding signs to conventional symbols and pictographs. ‘There is only a small number of characters that fall under this category, and they are basically of =43-6. AEF N kuzi trousers; pants 1. AP N xiangsheng comic dialogue; repartee 8. TRA TE liGobugt amazing; terrific; extraordinary 9. # A bdo thin 10. & M ye page u. AF N fidozi material for making clothes 12. AP N bu cloth; fabrie B. Be Adv — Z6ngshi always 4. N bido watch D MHA ws Ta] T 2 “How long have you been in Beijing?” Some actions, such as &,B)", do not endure over time, so a time-measure complement must be used to indicate a period of time from the occurance of this kind of actions until the time of speaking. When the verb is followed by an object, the time-measure complement must be placed after the object. For example: RAPREB-HT, RARERE BAD NAT D BEAR NTE MG HART “Now there are plenty of stores and shopping malls in Beijing,” In spoken language, “HT” and “4&7” are often placed after an adjective or T” denotes a verb as a complement to indicate an extent or degree. highest degree, while “4” indicates a great extent of difference. For example; AN +&T/ &T ikea, RE AT. we ae wT. MAPA it $7. PH rte FB $Te ~55-@ RT! “That's wonderful!” In spoken language, this is an expression indicating absolute agreement or satisfaction. It is more emphatic than “RSET” . Note the range of expressions used to describe the qualities of things; HART AUF T (marvelous; excellent ) | ARTES HLF (very good), 1 (good ) | AHHH (not bad ) FATWA, THREW (passable; just so-so), AREF (not very good) ! ASE BHR (bad ) ® REAETHT. “I have already bought the shirts.” A verb plus the particle “J” is a perfective construction. If the object doe= not have an attributive or a numeral classifier compound, it requires the parti “J"@® to complete the sentence. These two particles together indicate the completion and realization of the action expressed by the verb. They also emphasize that th+ event or situation has already occurred. For example: RETABT. RET AT » D MH, RET SORE, “Miss, I'm really sorry to have troubled you so much.” This expression conveys apology as well as heartfelt thanks. © pe, ARI. “All right, Tl buy this one.” This is a common shopping expression. The word “i” shows emphasis. -56-KEY SENTENCES » RAH FS Keb iT? AER AE, Boh BR 20h? . REBRTHBT. . Abe eae ne AME Rao a. = Aba a oe RE BR A KN. EA AME TS T . Me IR WOR doit FS LAE HE ABH SIT SAI AaVALH S|} 1. SABE FAINT Master the following phrases a) (2 (3) (4) (35) Rh 2 By Rh PH We ho Ma Sika AB Ab MAH MH RPK Mey TALS A ML BEPAH MAB RTH MRR ay Pee SH PR Ne Bokeh Die ee REM spikay IL sey CHAR Hh FR AATH Hee Hew HORSE ERIE RAK HEH SR eae eA RRA OA AA MAB HR OR YORI EARP POR LAUR AR HATRR REATKR KHAD HERD B-P PGTHR PORK FH Hew RE Dat HABE E I Heb RRP HAAR-—AIL ARMA SRI ART HHT HAT TREAT SSZRT BEMT HST HST FST KST B37 2ST HOT RAST BRST FRST BRST SST RALKEFT AKA-FT ABRTAT MRTCBE DMT SRB CB-AHE DT -57-Ar BRB RPA S RK? B: RPHET BR? A: ROS4+—. 1 BRRA-B A: BE%. HSA? B; 172B4, ME? A: RMA ITB ADAH AILS B: RM, KX (ZOngshl) KH — BIL, Ar REA. Hay (DIG) LK? B: AUR A: RHRAT A. B: Bay RHR ATR bat, A: RB%. —? eae ern 1. “8Y"598(1) The “BY” phrase (1) ‘The “ft” phrase is const ted by placing “ff)" after a noun, @ pronoun, an adjective, a verb, or a noun or verbal phrase. It is equivalent to a noun and expresses some distinction. Pr/N/A + fH BR #4) (mine) 28 #4 (the teacher's) 28 # (the silk one) K #4 (the big one) ~64-The “A” phrase can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence, For example: BRT, RA IH ARR Wee, 2. FASTA“ He” 2278 H8R(1) Comparison using the preposition “H” (1) ‘The preposition “ff” may be used to compare the qualities and characteristics of two things. “H" and its object form a prepositional phrase and are often placed before the adjective, in sentences with an adjectival predicate. S + Prep*te” + N/Pr + A Predicate Subject $$$ Prep “It” N/Pr A Te aE we A BAB. RE. RGSHRG we DBE Be ka MB ALAS ib, Lm He fe te ‘The preposition “ parison in sentences with a verbal predicate. with its object may be placed before a verb to express com- S + Prep“it” + N/Pr + VP Predicate Subject >_< N Prep “ti” N/Pr ve a we & | mit fF S. 8 ds Ea # wt FF OH. i en Ris % iT ca RAL The adverb “7s” is placed before “E£" to form a negative comparative sentence. “ ae AHAB, _ ain & 4 & To If expressed by verbs with resultative complements, th Thus, = “}( 47)” is commonly used in the negation, while the W/A-not-V/A question. For example; MAE T RA? FULT ES GRAGHERT RA? WEA HAR. ‘The adjective “df” in this lesson is used as a resultative complement, indicating on is usually complete. + TMA" is used for that an action is completed to satisfaction. For example; -87-BM RE FIBRE HAF, MAL, 2. “fa” $4a(2) The “dp” sentence (2) ‘There are two types of “Jil” sentence in this lesson; A. “Yi” sentence with the predicative verb “to give”, such as “4”, GR", “HR BO", SB", ete. ‘This type of “4g” sentence commonly indicates giving a certain object to a certain person. S + “J” + Oy (sth.)+ V( “to give”) + O(sb.) Predicate Subject | came On Vv ° | Adv | "JE" | (something) | (to give) | (somebody) | ° # fae | mie) R te de % Be a jap) e | OR te 4 te je | ah x & Te fe Le | ® & & Te B. “Ygy” sentence with simple directional complement The basic form of the “ff” sentence with a simple directional complement is; S+ Adv + “Ga" + O + V+ R/K + (T) Predicate Subject. - Adv “ju” On Vv HK/E Pt ae fe ARP RR * to & BR fe Ps | & To BRA) BH ze) MAH | so & x | we | + & te # % je | ae we | R To 3. “J” $4(2) The “f2” sentence (2) We have already leaned the “Jf” sentence; for example “4@/%™% 29". Its subject and object are nouns or pronouns. The function of the “fy” phrase is e~ quivalent to that of a noun; thus it can also serve as the subject and the object of a “JB” sentence. —88-S + Jb + N/A/PL/Vp + fh Predicate Subject _ a | | Adv 1 “je” “a0” phrase | A fA" phrase | RRA ROH | | z tei, BAKA az 24) aakt x FR, BAF | ox | 2 | xu. RR & BRAN, Pk | | 8 Ri. 1. FATS (4) Methods of constructing Chinese characters(4) Phonetic loan method ( {fi (#3): This method uses the shape and sound of a readily available character to represent another word that has the same sound. For ex- or ample, thi | meaning of “fr” was “axe”; it is now borrowed as a measure word unit of weight”, which h to represent “ ss the same sound. “#%" was originally used to represent a type of weapon; now it is used to write the first person pronoun. “36” originally meant “wheat”; it is now borrowed to mean “come”, because the sounds were the same in a nt times. All foreign words borrowed through transliteration are applications of the phonetic loan method. For example, “42” (sofa), “AIR” (coke), ete, 2. AGBAWF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ne 77 & si the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches 3 strokes 2 ab " "2A fu not 5 strokes yR (7s eeegegg F xiang elephant 11 strokes -89-6) 4 wang E> RE 7) #i® hangkong fi > fp t+ + IL Bae eT 8) iia hdiyun (Hie) wrath (9) WH yourei (38 $% ) > b+ W 10) QU Ro+R 11) i 424% tongzhidan (8 42 #) > ++ 12) 4 8& hUzhdo (342%) Poise 13) BA keqi (FA) Boo 1 Kev 14) 3€ 11 Jiangué Mén (3 8) Pd) Boe 15) 3% lu Bo eg + A+ D 8 strokes 10 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 8 strokes 7 strokes 9 strokes 8 strokes 13 strokes -91-(16) A# qiché (AB) Asai +e 7 strokes (17) 44% hdoxiang Brm4Ae Re 13 strokes (18) "6411 Zanmen (+f 4") y@o>wm+ yg 9 strokes (19) 4% R shoupidoyudn (4% Hh) Tem +R 11 strokes 3 (20) #(34) M(bian) woroA tii 5 strokes (21) 34 zhon 3h s+ bh 10 strokes (22) wudk ditié (484%) we > E+ 6 strokes ROE +k 10 strokes (23) ks fangxin Bow +R 8 strokes (24) #42 ZGogao AM A + — + + Ar atrokes (25) #1 Qianmén (if P1) BS + S$ At TO strokes -92-otes Transportation in China ‘The Chinese transportation industry has developed rapidly since the economic reforms. By late 1997, the total national railroad network comprised 57566 km. The network has expanded to reach every province, every region, and cities, except in Tibet. (The Qi construction.) 80% of all the cities in the country have access to railways. In 1997 the total length of roads was 1.2 million kilometers. Roads have ex- i-Tibet railway is now under panded to all cities and counties throughout the country, with a coverage of 98% of townships (xiéng, 4) and 80% of villag started in the mid 1980's. Now the total length of the modem highway is 19 thou- Modem highway construetion first sand kilometres, ranking the second in the world, There were a total of 967 commercial passenger airline routes in 1997, which was approximately a seven-fold increase from 1978, ~93-Have you ever seen traditional Chinese painting? Our friend Ding Libo not only appreciates it, he also knows how to paint traditional Chinese paintings. He is going to tell us the differences between traditional Chinese painting and oil painting, In this lesson, you will lea a new way to make comparisons between things. SETTUR Lesson 19 Hh TH IBS EA HH LAN PE vy Viverves TAR: MART, KAMERA AN BSP cv ve vv weve RN De OM: RPT RMT, SRR-RBAM PLA, vevowss > TAR: KREKPAS! Leasteseetia) Expressing a dutation of time a AO: RT RAE RR hw, ~94-TAR: TA: : WWE ZH? : RBE- PAG, AGRAMH-LRH, RRA? VeveN vv 24s 4vene ve vey BRIAR, W/REK PAG MRT BY I AHH Nee ve versus SPAS, KL APAHRT S747? MCR OTIOAT! AAR GER DERE, ik: RHE” KEERAMB AERP HBR, TEAS CS 2 2 KRG. REEUARG LE MEKBPARS, Me w Nerve WERE EFS RA, (RE) ‘Talking about hobbies . a eS KARAS PAG, DER. VV¥VN Fee NN veen cy HE BH vue VN FN VNves BRK. Sv vee OM, UGE BRA? Lee vvvvv Avo vay TAR: RT ART! MTR GAH BES AE ig] New Words 1. PRG ON zhénggudhud traditional Chinese painting H+} Hii, Bea PB Hh BL N huar painting 2. N yéuhua oil painting 394) , Eh Se Bi Ah ia you oil 3. AF ylyang the same; alike —##tt,—PESE, —PE Si), — BERS, RS 4. %A4E ON méishuguan art gallery SWAN, BAMA 5. FIT vo kdimén to open the door; to begin a day's business ji/5 FFI] MB IL IF, TATE RAFT 6. & Vv ohua to: pat JL, 2 o> hii 1 A lao old; experienced 2A, BUH, 256 1 MAR 8 BR N hudjia painter; artist 2 WH, ESATA AT & R NN jia specialist HFK, LEK, RAK 9. RK OE bu gandang I really don’t deserve this 10. RAF N/V aihdo hobby/to like ABBR AAR SF, BF BIL, 8 Vv chang to sing12. RA N jingja Beijing opera FRGZ Ei 13. FB A mamahaha so-so; careless WE #95 7 pe pe, OGTR BES See eS SRE BR A mahu careless 14, M fu (measure word for painting, cloth, etc.) — RTL JL, — OF 15. #467 = PN XG _Béihdng —_—(name of a well-known Chinese painter) cov Ne Ne S44 TAR: ANCBAT —P Hab GILT AA, SNS NNN ee BERKEL EH LREI® AM, AC, Ak SEE Bh ERY THAR: RHA BILAT, => (ite) een Dy KOM: MARK ~ A BAARA, RRP GMI GBR. veo vooNeys HOR: ARBLGL MILA — AF?THR: a Om: TAR: TAR: -98- 2 XA Sa? VVN 4 oven ON FENN KS BRAT BRB eS Y ES Foi BOAR tf. vous BAR-H? - NN VON FARR LRN NN PHS AA Gee AA; PO GEL LOKG, is eA eS —-REMBB Seve NOVA DN FeV NN ere MGLAZO, PHSEFAZA, KARR Nvvovvae JL:GRRGT—-ED RAH BAS, VAvoo4 tue en Svovvnssnny 2 TRAMEARE AG ORG. LAMAR FARE vue xy v ne BRAN ILIORT , REG TIO AEH Ih HEAR,TAR: THK: OM: HMR, TARERAM EGR GH DEAH. > RG, TRALAAK, . NN eR LN es ATT KURA G SHH, ENHRHL OATH! VN Nea Ue At, BRB AT 2 oN vA ve vy Nerves PRGRAQIRINBRR-HY Sv NN VN vs vues . 4b jy New Worts L 2 we ON didnt elevator 40H HE BE, FHLB RABE ADL FRR VO kGi wanxido to crack a joke; to make fun of HIIFSE RF ROT & A méi Deautiful 1230 4 FB ALIEN HM AL A H eH =—-N— cailido material FAV HPS ELAS: EDSS WAC HL A & N zhi paper FASE, S46, HAE e N bu cloth AVR CU, UA ACH EZ A zhttyao main BEAL, EBL, Be BEAN, EEA xz N mo Chinese ink AUS i81, FUS we N youcdi greasepaint FIU3% i Alay biéde other SHH JL, 5 WAR , AE SH AOE HO HIN EF Ba N kongbdi blank space #2 4,2 M2 R Adv Zhi only FA, FL, FRA, FES FM i ASC, ee we M pt (measure word for horses) —UE-% -99-U. FAS PN xiGingxiang to imagine #84R—F , Ha MR pao to run SAK BOSS ROA AE A ta it féng wind 4 Pl, BEA BL KR xia shrimp iif 1257 tamen they (refering to things, animals) you to swim SPARE MET sit HERMES Qi Baishi (name of a well-known Chinese painter) HD FEET] Supptememary Words Le are & ey bk aka pa vai CePA AYA YD 17, WU -100- < 222 Zz qi zixingché yuan pdobir shofa yeyd jiému yigian shou jianféi guan shéngaqi gangqin hdizi shidian jidoyu guandian to ride; to sit on the back of bikes bicycle far to run, jog handwriting; calligraphy spare time; amateur program before; formerly; previously thin to reduce; to be on diet to discipline to get angry; to take offense piano child; children bookstore; bookshop to teach; to educate opinionD OAD RET , eR ILA FET THE, “We came too early. The art gallery is not open yet.” The structure “i6¥L(4i)+ V + E" indicates that a certain event or situation has not happened yet, but it will happen, Compare the following: BARTAH? Ai AER. (He didn’t go home.) 4A IR, (He hasn't gone home yet.) 2D AWA. “I don’t deserve this.” This phrase is used commonly as a reply to someone’s compliment. For example; thie T BURG BIH EAR AHEM REE LEE A, RAE SHE Na’s statement, calling Libo an “experienced painter,” has the hint of a joke to it. Libo’s answer is also meant to be a joke. 3) FRAT LAH AR AY HE A “I can give you the horse that I drew.” When used as a resultative complement, the word “ff” can also convey the meaning of completion. For example; ili 8 JL, WSS SFR BUR Ap BATE Be TEAR. D BPEL ARE AG HBB I BRC? “Should we take the elevator upstairs now?” We have already learned the interrogative sentence “++, JE75JL? ” in Lesson 10. The structure “E403” can be placed not only at the end of a sentence, but also at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. The meanings these different arrange- ments convey are basically the same. For example: WRELEBRT? — (= WERT EAE? ) RFAMMAL EBT? PLA EMT BARE? The affirmative answer to this kind of sentence can be “ji The negative answer, however, needs to negate the part about which the question asks. For example, the negative answers of the above example sentences can respectively be: HILAL Ro (BR, AMA Le -101-© BORE. “Let me tell ‘The structure “2+V/VP” is commonly used in spoken Chinese, Here, the word “3” does not express concrete action, but rather the meaning of, “will do something”. The structure with “3” has the same meaning as that without “3". For ex: ample: BRP Fo = RAF. ) ME RIRIR C= tpitit. ) © Epes. “They swim back and forth.” eye Seer - RABELATNB, - REAM) RARA BH ERE? 3. PHGLEMZPKS, . PDI HRD PB RH HK, . REERABB—-ABK PAS, RPAH T SYR TI . rai G38 T — a bap as GILT 1. meTnE Master the following phrases (1) RAB 8 — 4 Shih G RH SRARA DY 3] — HERA SRL — HEP SRP AAPA SRAB ASF HEALS SRA —HRLRIT MH EKER RR-H AGRA Q)RRT-ALFT MRTOTPHT ARAB TOHT BETTER IT RKTT RLATAtPRT MT MD aT TAP ie MET As ab ag at HET — al Pe A KT AILS (3) RRE-H RAM RAG RRS RRAia Ri RRA Be -102-4) ROEM ERRARE RRB ARORA EE IE ALS Fl ih % oh RAD PBB a 5) BRAK ERA IR BRASH BRAD HAARK BALAK BRALIR BARR BRAK BRAIN +, ABBR Pattern drills 1) SABIE IR ABR (39.9) Ae haa , Co a) % BAARRMAR— Ht BL RAL MIL eae | AMAA ARG RA AATARIL( HH) L BASRA Ee a aR K hut ORM ARK, eee mi $e 4-200 im BL, lm a RST [RRR ERAN eT 2 3) AAA 2 Beas? it Kae | AGE POS, rn Lh Ak eb Bw, # RR a ~ 4 ae (4) WER ARIRT S Katia? 8 ERR RMR T FAS ah # 45 4p 4 PRAM TF Kobi T 7 & 15 dba FRAME T ee ee ee IRIE Talking about hobbies] (1) At Art & RAF? B: Ax P a He (shofd), A: 2 B: AFT MFT, -105-Ar REA EAH? B: BARR. (2) Az sae (yey) Bb ie te FF aH Z 2 B: APPAR, 2 Rabat & # a (jiému)? : RERAK Al. Hi? Exchanging greetings ] Ar ARLE AERA AT (yigian)—H, B: ®L,REST. tebe atw (shou)— AIL. A: RT, Aue (iGnféi) T . APASKHMT? > RAT FT. BBLA EAH? 1 ALAR RARE A 2 MEARE IL RAE AA + ILA RAIA ABIL AR — AE, EAA AB ILD, p> we (454i) Saying good-bye] : BRC REBLT, 1 EPR, RAILS, : REATADL RAE RE, 2 FER ILE Mire, : RAT dH. : MER, ARILMRA YH TR—-H, Pro > wm >5. APEVE Describe the following pictures ) ™r, 6. 3€R4.3J Communication practice (1) Talk about your hobbies with your friends to find out if you have any common interests, (2) Talk about your study or work experiences with your friends. (3) Discuss a picture or a movie with your friends and talk about your different opinions. WF (Quan) XYFRER ELSE BANISH NY WEBI RFRA GST BRIER fot E Au(shéngagi). RAT iE FB BIL, AS SM RRA KA Rae HAFMEA RL TAME T BNA MLSS ILRED WRMET MR Aikab 4a K(QGngqin) zeMELEAT. MAMET PARA ERP GULARER, MMAR ELA be? RRA ORF (hdizi) ap RAH LH? -107-EARS) BG (shUdiOn ) F, WR-AKARF (jidoyd ) 3% F 4H. BRASH T ZAG: -AR(MERT) ,-AR(DFRERE), BA-AR(PERRERF ) MCZABMERT LHAT,TREA HL (Quandian ) —AsR-AA—F, RE RB, LREHAA BF, KAMMAREF RH, PAM SRP ARH BFRBFUR-H, KALRF EMR, TARA FTF AERAR; KARLAF FHIL, TRAF AGRA. FL HPA GRF FRAT AKA CERO FH, PORT RL 1 RRR Do RMAMLF KARE SCHIST, TERRILL BRT ERFERF ALS AMEM! Bae yt 1 “Bi-----( 78) FR” ZORA Using “Ba---(7X)—#¥” to make comparisons indicates that two things are the same, or “UR TR PE" is used. In a V/A-not-WA is used. se” similar. If they are different, the structure “REAR HE The comparative structure “ff question, the structure WRo+ NP + (®) + — + A/VO ee _ Predicate Subject —_— ——_;—— — ee OB) [ AsV O RR me | mIRC) baie aR Be RH Pas cS | HARD ape | om mn re) | -# | #8. Rm | OR | AMER) | RHO, REE | amas -# bk ms, If the central words of the two sides being compared are the same, the second central word may be omitted. -108-RYHEtM#® (2) The time-measure complement (2) In a sentence with a time-measure complement, if the particle “J” is both after ‘he verb and at the end of the sentence, it means that the action is still continuing. Compare the following: (A)EBHT UT. (I have been drawing for 11 years.) (The practice of drawing is still continuing.) (A)EBHT WF, (I have drawn for 11 years.) (This does not indicate whether or not the practice of drawing is continuing at present.) If the verb in a sentence with a time-measure complement takes an object, the ‘ime-measure complement can also be placed between the verb and the object. The zarticle “f#J” can be inserted between the time-measure complement and the object V+ Time-measure complement + (1) + O WE mF Ska ia (48) eR? RE mF bat (8) aR. tk eT Katia (#) RGB? & #7 Be (HH) RIBS 4 AT Sata (4) BL 7? & aT ae e ea (8) BLT, Note: If the object is @ personal pronoun, it cannot be placed after the time-measure complement. We cannot say: @ “HT —A)at iif. ” 3. BHA] (2): RALABR Sentences with serial verb phrases (2): means or manner In the sentences with serial verb phrases in this lesson, the first verb usually expresses the means or manner that the action of the second verb performs. For example: 5 AUT A La WERERRAF OR, GENE AG PHS, HIE REAR -109-1, (FHF (S) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (5) The pictophonetic method (J£ 7%): The majority of Chinese characters are “pictophonetic”. Most consist of one component indicating the sound of the character, the phonetic, combined with one semantic component, the radical, which shows the category of meaning to which the character belongs. ‘The pictophonetic characters fall into several categories: (1) In its basic form, a pictophonetic character is constructed by placing the component indicating the sound on the right side and the component indicating the meaning on the left side. For example: AB PPL HR He EAT a BA APO AA AB AO AE GEE LARIAT PR. 2. LDSBAWF Lear and write basic Chinese characters ak SFR yao young 4 strokes @) + 7S Ssh == dou (an object shaped like a cup or dipper) 4 won he ob ~SrBB fj y shi stone 5 strokes tw oR “TER shi a clan 4 strokes 3. USMCHHMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #5 youhud (sh #) wy + 8 strokes Bo +He+ 8 strokes -110-HF (ganzipong) 7 * 7 Ht FH 2) FHS bu gindang (Ks) KRoH+R 3) *§ chang wow+ra+yA % (hizitouy "7 p> Ee 4) 55 2H momohoho (5% RR) Be > Fe + JL ho 5) fa fu mo p+ se 6) # A XU Beihong (4A %#) RR +A+— + kh Bo a+ Bory +t +h 7) eH didnt (EH) horse 8) FX kai wanxido Bomar 9) AE cailiao Motte A + 7 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 6 strokes: 8 strokes 12 strokes 10 strokes 12 strokes 11 strokes 11 strokes 10 strokes 7 strokes 10 strokes =e(10) #& zt (4%) Ro 2 (1) 4 ba hor (12) & mo Boe (13) i 4% youcdi ey ap > (4) E pi Boor (1S) 3% pao (7) BL féNg (A) Re It (18) 4 xi (t) 3F > & -112- + JL Ww 7 strokes 5 strokes 15 strokes 11 strokes 4 strokes 12 strokes 5 strokes: 4 strokes 9 strokes(19) # you WP FG +R + KH + Fp stokes (20) #4 Qi Baishi (#4 B) FAL + a 6 strokes Traditional Chinese Painting A traditional Chinese painting is created using a special Chinese writing brush and ink, according to traditional Chinese painting techniques. It is very different from Western oil painting. Because of the tools and materials employed, traditional Chinese painting could be called “water-and-ink painting” (shuimohud, 7 818i) or “color- and-ink painting” (CGimohud, @48ii), to distinguish it from oil painting, watercolor painting, and gouache. Depending on subject matter, much traditional Chinese painting can be classified into three categories: figure painting, landscape painting, and flower-and-bird painting. In addition, many traditional Chinese painting methods can be classified as either “fine, detailed brush work paintings” (gOngbl, I), igs” (xidyl, 5 &). Traditional Chinese painting often finds spiritual sustenance from mountains, rivers, flowers, and birds, and it is through such images that painters express their ch traditional Chinese painting is that it emphasizes “likeness in spirit” (shénsi, ##(0) and does not insist on “strict ikeness in appearance” (xingsi, (0). The composition of a picture should rather e “between likeness and unlikeness. he traditional Chini or “fre hand ps feelings. Another essential aspect of mu Because the images and the composition of painting have to be subordinated to the requirement that the content should be expressed through the expression of the painter’s spirit and sricism, painters usually stress things that they want to represent and omit things chat they do not want to represent. In this way, the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting developed the quality of being realistic, yet not depicting every aspect of reality. -113-Lin Na and Ding Libo are going to Song Hua’s place for a treat—a hhotpot dinner. In the evening, they will go to a concert of traditional Chi- nese music. This is the way in which they will celebrate the New Year in China. In this review lesson, we will summarize the grammar points cov- ered in the five previous lessons. SB—TiR® Lesson 20/45 Review) EDA: tO: Ea: “le it ES re eee PHATE RRR OE, T ve ns KB EE, ii ee NN ee Agno tet. L Nv vere vy FACIL HH BRA . Ve Ne vavenvevee Leas BR. bH, AH AMIR S UB KA? RRMA eee eee BAAR POREABARIAD (sat aD TN ve ENN eve NR eR LR RR. MKAMRCKB, FRAME, RAAT on 2 ACR AY HF ARAL HASEDA: Epa: 2 REE BLE A? i a A 2 ALAR OY PARAL RA ape Bl FA? NaN > B-Ro Veo vevv va : BLDG KAS 4 it ce NR VNR Vee ROAA-HRSALMT, UTEFLLMR BIL, \vanncy RA ERIE GA? viovenvee VON eS Re NNN ve RNS vee REDEEM GERARARM ARS, AGM RIL VNeN Nove yovvv oy PEO BAT EAE TTR BILE. TN NV weve FRR Le Vs 1 SRILEAF, SRREAMELLG ERS, MEER v BILe ve a HiFi? SARE PARK, EROS ERRAH, Ve woe N VAN NS RR Lee LG : Aoi, PARRERR A RI BAO PR. MR -115-EA: Ee: Ea: a Om: -116- : a LEA RDEBT & Cov EN ORE ER VAN Ve HARRKAT RAR, TRRERRE vv - ee Mh teak Ain Hh AH? rs - ee NN ve i vy ovo. Ay Ma hee ke REBET APR YM AR SRERRR—% AK HH Ce ABR, wang ZERER? BMMARERARAA? --N a . FREEWMA-RRS. HMALALARKS TH HA Are, core Se Neer ev ves : "MERA LAUER, BIVILABFAM AIR AURORA covvV Nee a SARL T AEH BO, PALMA RAG MRA? LN eanee - vv NSN 4 eee ees LA BR — eh BMRA, ERA A Nv HE LPR IL, coves Nv ee PET BEF IL, Bea Bere wy re,Eba: H. MET UMAR SE, vous A oR, Any RABI? © NAN ee Ea: ABBFU, Noe vey Nev NS HK OM: KAAPAREA RBI BIE? VN- Ne FR DN Ne N Ne EDK: RAMEAKARAEA, BABEREMA RET. So DRAB MWBBNGILE KR. Avoove OM: RAF wre, yovNveves nn Ee: a Ae HELM A LEG BLE EP -ev Nee PREAH. * * * Veen nev wey THR: bR AM, HA! RRB! OC -vvooNe HK OM: RAM! KAR? Nore v NS Ave ee TAR: KAWPKRLREKAL MAT. -117-THK: vue 2 RRO T © -\vA a : RAPER, SMHS, WAALS “AT. vve- ey vv voy 2 dew AAM RT, KAET .P HAR, vv NA vA 2 MERE ZAK? - NV Ee VRS NY YR Rv SERGE MAGT—-ED, MIA, BREAZH? AE ig] New Words 1. ae N xinnian new year ER TRE ME 2. K4R N hudgud hotpot Wk $8 PEATE AR KX N hud, fire; heat B N gud pot; pan 3. BAB N fanguan restaurant 7% AVE, HUM 4. BA Conj —-yinwéi because 5. PVA Conj — sudyi so 6 & vai to lve 219, 2K, Ze, 2m, BARE, RUA 7 WEA N shudnyGngrdu thin slices of mutton boiled in water DEWALT , BEL ED 3 v shuan to cook thin slices of meat in boiling water - N yang sheep y N rou meat 8. A re hot RAURLPL, RAK, -118-EX . RR aa . Rae . RE R a vo Conj vo v/N kaiché kai jidoqa hudzhé yinyuéhui huazhuang hud zhuadng zhéngshi minyue xifang xt minza yueqi qi yGnzou yan zou xfguan to drive a car PEAR IFEBE JESE FEE PE BE to drives to operate FFE JEASE YE JP B suburb; outskirts EMBL TEAK EBRGIL EER or RE SRM AK, RAE AMIS, ARB Be JLB A A concert HRS, SMHKS LH RE to put on makeup fb tk Aba, ABFA Ake Att He TEA As to change makeup formal ERY ER ER, ERS In, FER AIL folk music played with traditional instruments *P FRURR IR, UR IEA, WER ERR westem; the West PFA, MH TRA OT PT west nation; nationality PE] BRB, 48 RIK, RGR, RA RS musical instrument — FRR BE, PTR ERR utensil to give an instrumental performance BRT — kM EARS RR RE to perform; to play to play @ musical instrument to be accustomed to/habit 44 348 7 KD, TALE OT BR PT ARIAT 1121. 22. 23. 25. 26. 27. 29, 30. 31. 32. J 33. 34. 35. Re N a N ws ON 4 v HE N FEL N we N RRABHL ON Ha vo wm N Rie N BR v 5 M KE N RE IE KF N oe Adv He VO/A (Rit PN FEAR) a N mw N A N BR N -120- yueqi aii chazuche chiza lushang huar gudqu zhaoxiangjr zhaoxiang nee chofa pian wénzhang gongxi hudché you zhdaojt musical composition — BAR HH, PRAT Flt 75% BS FR tune; melody taxi; cab MALE, LE, FEA ALE , HLA ARLE PL to hire; to rent on the road; on the way i LAY HREM A, BE Se fet] flower 3R7E JL, SEAEIL, BAEIL, mE IL in or of the past it 2eM 4H at AMT AA camera Fi]— PAARL, AHR to take a picture; to photograph machine side AVL, FF Te FL MAD AB to set out; to start off BEBE BE, MIX DLE FURR BE (a measure word for essays and articles) RR Fi essay; article = Gf SCH, AIR, KE congratulations 48324, #2483 tain BABS TRAE JER, KE agin = UKM TMA LM, ME, RT LS, to feel anxious/anxious — A ALBA, WHE RES, KBE «Chin Jiang Hud Yué Ye) (a famous, traditional Chinese music composition) chan jiang yue ye spring river ‘moon nightEN FE AE FA] Supplementary Words 1. bee N xiGoxué primary school 2. #8 M liang (a measure word for vehicle) 3. RT N yinyuating concert hall 4, $7% A xingfu happy 5. Eee IE wan shi rd yl May all your wishes come true. 6 & M tido (a measure word for long, narrow objects, such as trousers, skirt, snake, etc.) 7. 8 N shé snake 8 Adv zul the most 9. v tian to add 10. Jap N jiGo foot W. % v wan to finish 12. A duoya superfluous; uncalled for; surplus 13. & N zu foot Oy D EAE WIE RAS OTIC AB? “Is it because the weather has now become colder that people in Beijing are hav- ng hotpot more frequently?” The paired conjunctions “fA 2y--- Bf complex cause-effect sentence. ‘The comes first, and is followed by the ect two clauses in a the cause, usually ” clause, which states the effect. One may also use only one of the two conjunctions in a sentence. For example: BARAT T HARRARER, (HAMMERS RE RS, HARE RER— BIL, RABAT AS CFA) AR BR, 2 ALI AR IEME AA, EBLE EO INE A ALI, “The people in Beijing just love hotpot, mostly boiled mutton “sis, and they eat it even when the weather is hot.” IEF E" is often used in the sentence as an adverbial of time The construction similar to “when” and “while” in English), indicating the period of time when an -121-action or event takes place. “(iJ 4%" can be preceded by a verb, a verbal phrase, or a subject-predicate phrase. For example: LARA AAR, AIP ALA HE RHR, MET PH Hie, RAMEE BH, PARMAR TR, PMH BHAA MH. @ WH FEEMR SIL, MA EAE “(They) might also drive to the suburbs for fun, or they might go out to exercise.” The conjunctions “s#” and “i4E" can both be used to connect two alterna- tives: “iE” is used in the interrogative sentence, and “at #%" is normally used in the declarative sentence. For example: RMA BRERA AAU? RRA RM KAA A MILE 5 ® RUB Bo LIE! “Hey, Lin Na. You'd better hurry.” The expression “fifi,” is used to attract attention, to break in on a conversation, or to introduce a new topic for discussion. © WH CILIE A R)RT “Oh, Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside is extremely beautiful.” “Moonlit Night on the Flowery Spring Riverside” is a famous, ancient Chinese musical composition which depicts the beautiful scenery by the riverside on a moonlit night in spring, when all the flowers are in full bloom. © By ROBLYE? “Where is my camera?” In Lesson Seven, we leamed how to form an elliptical interrogative “ag”, and we know that what is asked in this type of question is made clear by the fence with context. However, “H” can also be used to ask the location of a person or an object, without any dependence on the context, as shown in the question above. In this case, “NP+IE2” is equivalent to “NP 4£185JL2” For example: -122-MAREE? (= HCH AEBIEIL? ) KAR? (= KAEMIL? ) D HERE! “Best wishes (for a happy New Year)!” ‘This literally means, “Congratulations!” This is an idiomatic expression used frequently for congratulating people on happy casions; for example, “28845! " or “ASBAKKT BBE!” Here, the “AH is the same as “i #~" in usage, except that “#{#2” is more formal. In the Spring F ASH AS EE!” to extend our New Year's lival or on New Year's Day, we often say greetings (the word “3 #2" is not used this way). B® MK LKWMT “You are late again.” ‘The adverbs “X"(1) and “#§"(1) both express the recurrence of an action or a state. “}{"(1) is used in a situation where the action or state has yet to recur, whereas “X"(1) is normally used in a situation where the action or state has already occurred again. For example: WEFRT MLE FER. (The action has yet to happen, so we cannot say @ “{thii FF MK. WEERT, FLAT. (The action has already happened, so we cannot say @ “FFRKT. ”) D PHBA RT ET “You have hired a taxi. That's great.” “ni :H #72” means “to hail or to hire a taxi”. Tee ace KEY SENTENCE: 1. MRO RAR AT ORR : 2. RARAARERAS PAs RABE KA? F 3, LAP Bob a BHAA Ho i 4, BBG IL BR 5. 6. 7. RABE T 0 FY RAAB? -123-1. 3A FAV Master the following phrases qd) (2) (3) (4) AFH HR PMT REWTR BPO sso ar RRO dda Lea ARPA a ATR FROG POR ROAR me ATR LHP OR ARH RAR GB LAR ERAAR MMR ERI AR MRA ATOR ARTE R RAR ALLE BTR PAVE AAA RG BAR RAP HRY RARKR RATIRN) RAT(ATEAR) ARRRERK RATAN DM RAAT RAASSRE HEERRHI (HW )EAFBR CH)EAT REF FAT wah wt a FFF RK RKRT LEFT RAE T Rit T LET -GARF RET HR 2. AJR Pattern drills (1) ABM A AE MIL? (2) RBEARDAAABB AE. Be LFKERFFH? Mak t+. wn PRE ERP BESBBTLE wan RMA AL RAE FRMERG EGIL EBRR ALAM DRIER AAR AR, HAT? La AR, RRM AK BABE T -124-(3) RAR BAR, ewet KG? RAE RABI MAR HH KAR Pera hes RFRK (4) HRUHARE WAET? B on AM AREFALERT. A aOR htt 2a RA? x Hib ARFFRA. ST ABA a (5) hie ALE? = Ree ROBART. Bs PERK REA BILE DR A SKIL ADB, A a DEAE (6) WAH ARH RBBB? LR BT DARKE KG. az BADE ARABA RS IRR. ) epee RR am FER GIR AAEM 3. JRL SH Classroom activity This game is to be played by two groups of students. The students in “Group A” ask ten questions regarding the five previous lessons, “MttA", and the students in “Group B” answer these questions, using “29+ BFL". The scoring method is as follows: each time that Group B gives a correct answer, they will get one point; if they give an incorrect answer and Group A can then give the correct answer, Group A will get the point, instead. When all ten questions have been asked, the two groups reverse roles, so that Group B asks a new set of ten questions. ‘The group with the higher score wins. -125-4. SiB 5) Conversation exercises ((HIEIAl Asking for reasons] (1) A: 4IG AMAA AAR EIR? 2 RRA ABIL OG DR PE aE (xiGoxue) AREA EGR, +E IL89 BE RAIL IIT? o RAT A ERAN LRA RIE DD, FRMEARA 1M AHR? 2 ARR OR) MT RAG RR Rem AIS T + RRA RP RARRT AM © (fEf2 Hurrying somebody up] (1) A: B: (2) (3) i i a -126- KA tity BIE, F-Fo 1 RRMA AY + RH? RHA. : RAIL, ARR, PEAT BEIF UR 1 REBROTE, ERED PR NHS, 2 ALS T AAA AS) HE ABU RY 2 PAA AE IL A? Fi ° 1 A307 RT se! + (To the bus driver) ¥#4§,#4#—F,(4) A: RR RMAZA AB? B: RM, ML? A: RRBTPREPA BER, KRSM (ling) waz ee : RAIA AA (yinyusting), RRMA AILE : LAM, ADIL, Peo “BAF WER New Year's greetings) (1) A: af Pae! B: ! (2) Ar RAMA BR B; MARS F 48 (xingfu)! (3) A: RBBB! B: Atk at — 77 HF 40 (wan shi ru yl)! 5. HAVE Describe the following pictures (C84, A) (Bwae) -127-6. 38BR43J Communication practice (1) Tell your friend about what people eat and do to celebrate the New Year in your hometown. (2) You are waiting for your friend to get ready to go to the park. What would you say to hurry him/her up? (3) You are in a hurry to get to the concert hall; how do you tell this to the taxi driver? ss il Re aS Ak TRAM AER G. WMNARS , TRAY RAM, BR FRM BBIR? —PE BAG “BN ALA ARB —& (tidO) 88 (SHE), HAE He(ZU1) RDA HL AER? A RAB ES” AAFP Hs BBE ARAN A RAG AIR MOAR SH UR FERRI! RICA DAS TA, AREA oF il), KA bE AR (tl) Fp (jiGo )°2 eT Be LRG A (WON) T , RAI BIRR, ART RAE RNR GECRI, RPRBET th RRR TP, RMR, "FM MAADL A RAR oi EIR AP BT WARGO RR. RPGARMHLR RR ” RRB RAT RA Fe HL” SAAT & (duOy) #5 FIL, 8h] “ow HEAR ZU)”, ee ( 1. DBF HABA RA The six basic functional components of a Chinese sentence TE At W The basic functional components of a Chinese sentence are the subject, the predicate, the object, the attributive, the adverbial, and the complement. We have already learned that a noun, a pronoun, or a noun phrase can all function as the subject. In addition, a verbal phrase, an adjectival phrase, or a subject- predicate phrase may also serve as the subject. The predicate is usually composed of -128-a verb, an adjective, a verbal phrase, or an adjectival phrase. A. subject-predicate phrase or a nominal phrase can also serve as the predicate. The subject usually precedes the predicate. For example: KEPRL MH. fe RAT AKA EK, AH RE. Re tt. Fa hie. R-SIL RRA, AMAA, When the context is clear and unambiguous, the subject is ofien omitted. Some- times the pi HOBART BD (A) FAT. HRA IA? A(R). cate can also be omitted. For example: The object is usually placed after the verb. We have leamed that the object is usually composed of a noun, a pronoun, a nominal phrase, a verbal phrase, or a subject predicate phrase. For example: WATT. RAI FBRAW MG. fe Bak tH RAABRHAREKT Some verbs may have two objects. For example: HH RGB? AMI IE, ‘The attributive is mainly used to modify a noun and must be placed before the element that it modifies. We have leamed that an adjective, an adjectival phrase, a noun, or a pronoun often functions as the attributive. In addition, a verb, a verbal phrase, -129-or a subject-predicate phrase can also serve as the attributive (refer to Lesson 14 in the Workbook for Volume 1). The adverbial is used to modify a verb, an adjective, an adverb, or a whole sentence. The adverbials that we have already learned are mainly composed of adverbs. In addition, time nouns, prepositional phrases, and adjectives can also be used as adverbials. For example: ALATA T ENE AR-RE, WARFARE EA SEILER Ro PAAR 6 ‘The complement is a sentence component placed after a veth or an adjective to give additional information about that verb or adjective. For example: WAAR 0 (the complement of state) FBA(H) RELA LR AA, Aide! (the directional complement) RTD? RULE TARO AAS (the time-measure complement) e(G)POGCBST UT, 3K AF 8 2G AB A 4S (the complement of quantity) RAPE DAIL, RAREMRT (the complement of degree) LA MME ST 6 AMET TROT. (the resultative complement) 2. SiWiH4](1) Sentences with a verbal predicate (1) ‘The following is a summary of the kinds of sentences in which the verb is a major element of the predicate: (1) Sentences with “fi” HARH OER. RIAL P LH, (2) Sentences with “4” AMAR ZT ERE, -130-WEAKMA, (3) Sentences without an object FRAC EG 5 (4) Sentences with a single object AE RE Ht (5) Sentences with double objects HLH, RBI BIL, (6) Sentences with a verb or a verbal phrase as the object REALM RRARE KA REK-RMRB, (7) Sentences with a subject-predicate phrase as the object RAR PEWRBB, RE LR RARE Eve, 8) Sentences with serial verb phrases EMBERS. RERRR MBG HLA? (9) Pivotal sentences thik Hitt. HA Ak eH oboe The “48” sentence Ate P LET. HAC to BIH, HEP RERT 6 10 1. WFAA (6) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (6) ‘The pictophonetic method (2): In this method, a character is formed by placing the mmponent indicating the sound on the left side and the component indicating the meaning on the right side. For example: €, #1, 1,2, 49, 1,446, a0, op. -131-2. LDSBAMF Leam and write basic Chinese characters ou JAH wan pill 3 strokes ow iota qu melody 6 strokes 3. USK HAWS Leam and wirte the Chinese characters appearing in the text (1) K4% hudgud (kK 4%) 4A > F+7+H 12 strokes (2) BA yinwei (8 &) A>O+k 6 strokes (3) 3) shudnydngrou Bl > 7+ P+ P+ Yt strokes A> +A4A 6 strokes (4) re (AK) Bom t+ tte 10 strokes (5) 2B jiGoga (4s & ) 3B > KR + f 8 strokes RoE +R 4 strokes (6) 3. hudzhé Ro R+ De 8 strokes (— 73 X) (7) 44k hudzhuang (463) Mam fete 4 strokes kof tk 6 strokes -132-8) Ram minza teow + r+ & LL strokes 9) *% yueql (48) > W+ P+ K+ Wt D W strokes A (chinzitou) ~ 7 FA 5 strokes 10) 3&4 yGnzou Tp FO Ht OF A a attokes ROR+R 9 strokes HH guan + 9 4 strokes (Note: pay attention to the difference between “st” and “ie".) 11) FAK xiguan (He) Ro + +e 11 strokes 12) #@JL hur fi > 4 MW 7 strokes 13) BABA Zhdoxidng]l (A 4AHE) wa # + 8 9 strokes 14) id pangbian (Fit) Bom Le 10 strokes A(bidrzili) | QAAw 5 strokes 15) % pian fig > Oe 15 strokes =133-(16) <4 wénzhang = 7+ ¥- 11 strokes Ay ¢shuxinaty J qa ao 4 strokes (17) & gongxi BRA + 10 strokes (18) && zhdoji (4.2) #-F +45 11 strokes Bor eae 9 strokes Ryezt) 77 IR 4 strokes (19) (#3246 AK)(Chin Jiang Hua Yue Ye) RAE 9 strokes mop ts 6 strokes Banat fee 8 strokes Battal Holidays and Festivals in China TaN Besides National Day (October Ist) and International Labour Day (May Ist), which are the two major official holidays celebrated all over the country, there are many other traditional holidays and festivals in China. ‘The Spring Festival (Chinese New Year’s Day) falls on the first day of the first month on the Chinese lunar calendar (usually in January or February of the solar calendar), and the day before it is Chinese New Year's Eve. The Han people and other ethnic minorities in China all celebrate the Spring Festival, with such activities as setting off firecrackers (now prohibited in some cities), pasting chunlian (couplets match- ing each other in sound and meaning, written on red paper) on the door, extending New Year's greetings to each other, and performing the yangge (literally, “rice seedling -134-song”) dance and the lion dance. ‘The fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the Yuanxiao Fe: as the Lantem Festival or Shang Yuan Festival. The special food for tl alled yuanciao, a ball-shaped dumpling made of glutinous rice flour with or meat stuffing. Qing Ming (Clear and Bright) Festival is on the fourth or fifth day of April. This the time of year when people go out to the tombs and memorials to pay tribute to the dearly departed and national heroes. Duan Wu or the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated on the fifth day of the fifth iunar month (June of the solar calendar). This is a festival dedicated to the memory of Qu Yuan, the great poet-statesman from the state of Chu during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC). Legend has it that after Qu Yuan drowned himself in protest against the corrupt government of Chu’s king, people feared that Qu Yuan's body might be eaten by the fish in the river. So they wrapped up glutinous rice with bamboo leaves, and taking these dumplings, they raced each other in their boats to the place where Qu Yuan had died. ‘They threw the dumplings into the river to feed the fish, wal. also known stive day eet sesame s0 as to keep Qu Yuan's body from harm. Later, the act of wrapping glutinous rice in bamboo leaves evolved into the tradition of preparing a special food called zongzi for this festival. The boat race to save Qu Yuan's body was the origin of the dragon boat race, which is held on this day, every year. ‘The Mid-Autumn Festival, which falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month (September of the solar calendar), is also known as Family Reunion Day. This is a time when the whole family enjoys getting together to look at the full moon, and to eat delicious moon cakes, -135-Sing a song BRB KE aX 2 EAH WRERE SEH, FR F300 AR HABE ALEG, Em £49.00 2a -147-(2) RAMBLE? a ene AAD ERG. EK ebm WRI? #0 lied WA RBH RAH ma ees (3) DE TRA? be axe | ecaeniele ER han EEL EH? EAR Fe HOR MII 8b g +i Mee (4) MARA LHe Abee? aa ron RAMA RRL HEH, RIL eR WAVER RAT H 6 Buk RRR FRB Fak ad BH bo (5) BAMA -4? me Re BD BAMRALZI, Asp, ei bw FD BR Wk BL | Be kth Bid EL (6) BERD AT A? ASR He HAHA, wee BE BAR BAAK? Wake Ew RAEBRRA. Beh MR ~148-1) #RED AHH? FE Pee AAO Rte PARAL ip Ae mR JL? Weak OR AR ARID | Re RAH BIL Riz? L | RRB, (8) FRALRH AA? | we % % B (dianyingyudn) FREBRERR | ey vhe-ik ti (kGFeiguan ) mid(nanbian) &3k34 (zUqiuchdng) 3. DRAB Classroom activity As a reporter, interview your classmate or teacher about some specific thing that has happened in the past, using the construction “Jé---ff". For example, Ms. Chen's mother was sick, so she went to Xi'an to visit her. Three days later, she returned to Beijing by train with her friend. 4. S185 Conversation exercises LPR HAL A HYUN Th] J Talking about the time and location of past events | (1) A: BH RFSHELS TF? Bi fee, Ar ROR Fh A re? Bat@@_ A: HOR MIL oh 842 B: tk Ho (2) AMR ZA BARBY ALE HH? BA RAB RATA IE? B: Ra wT ARE. RE BIL, -149-Pree o> 2 MRR EA RAO? RRB K ARH SAR ARAT HE? SRR, AGAR Rut SZ (chiichdi)y, RAB ILESR, SKM T! RELAIS? RELRIL, wh? Ro RRR BHR ROY RATT BES FIL, CRIT Talking about direction and location ] (1) A: B: A: B: (2) -150- PPP PP PP Pe Pe oe DD BRAZRAS? ROME 50 FF RYRF, RE-F, A, OSVEA-KSS FFAH ARON, ABARAT, HAMA 3] RI, MILA AA? MLR: DE RDA-SAAB,WARERA-AKAY, dR FURRAKALSS, ABIL ? : A, RB Aik (hOubian), Kw PIAA AT Ho oR , : BBRS I? : AAPA. BAA RIK © BAAR, Fie Mar eI, RAASRTEE, LMBHS RBEAB Fo iyit, : BREIL? BERGA ADRET BAH OPER, Bb E 7 AALS AR SIT yi (nGnbian), ABE PAA, + ELABAMS? PA i b— AIL, ERRAMREFA RK, 2 AFM, HATA 81 AR AT A“TAB Asking about direction” (1) As TA, 85 RA AE RIL? Be ARAL, MR AGL IL, HL foil, M5 SRILA — NaF HB A HP B: A, AWW. PORTH LAL H MH, A: HM, ABD REAR? B: MGR ILA 945 BARAK EARP, FEAGAEMA, BE AAG, HK 10 PRAT. At tit. IRA TT LCHE Talking about sports matches] Ar ERMEARRE TS? B: RA. WIRE A: 641 RRIRDIR IPE ADR, B: AAT RAR TB? A: Ht(shO)T! 062, BAR ARR F IH HEH Bz 98417 RK A AP AAD AE? 5. FREEBIE Describe the following pictures dt a K 7 abemeee iH KOLB RWR a, y ott [a | See, a a = -151-BARB E PRAMAS, BFLRBS . REA is Wee, _ €A-hMS, BTFRAKK, -24 bho RERENGR PRR Lo Dd A-SKAHR. Me BR Fe__ 6. 3€6R49 Communication practice (1) You heard that one of your other students about the sp mates went to Europe, so you inquire of the ific details concerning his or her departure. (2) Inquire about the birthdays and birthplaces of at least 5 of your friends. (3) You become acquainted with a new friend. You invite him or her to see your family as a guest. You describe to him or her the surroundings of the place where you live and the layout of your house. jus} RATER PRA PH EAA (tiantdng), FA #4 (SU Hang), "SBR 2 AeA IN HB ASH (Chengshl) RAL HK. CATA Y Bed ae PBA EA”. EAM KEM ILI? ——Fi I #4 bk (ShGnshui) fo 3 IH -152-4) WA (yuanlin), RNA AER AL. ARE MARL RAGE At 6 (XiU 10 ) 69, AR BAL AT ARAL FEIL, RSE KO Lk S PRHRKRO TH AKIRA. PAM RARE POS, SZ Akp SH 65; HF HAE SG RASH APRA BRE ‘BRB FR Fo i$ A (shirén) Ht (shejl) 0h , HA Hy BAH Rae IE (jiGnzhusht ) i+ 45 , PAE AH RAB, 1. “f---fY” 4a] The construction “J—-.(ty” The construction“ Jz---ff” can be used to emphasize the time and location of past events, and the manner in which they have occurred. The word “ji” is placed before the part to be emphasized (sometimes it can be omitted), and the placed at the end of the sentence. The negative form is “AR Jz---fi” te x ap & | He AeA & BEE eR 5°? PATA I zz RARE & 4. a x &4 soi ABIL 452 Pid RR ee | & KAR | Some sentences with a verb as the predicate simply express that a certain thing has happened in the past. ‘The meaning of of a sentence with “Jz---(t” as. predicate. kind of sentence is different from that pare the following: ERG, (emphasizes that the time when he came was last year ) 4HWAT, — (tells generally what happened last year ) The sentence with “ -fi9" can also be used to emphasize purpose, function, and origin. For example: PARAM AMAA RAT BAI, -153-2. PALA] Location words The words “BLY” . “Sh” “Fed” OW". ba” OR” “HW a” “Fi” “WU”. “AWD”. and “4b” are all nouns expressing direction and location and can function as subject, object, and attributive. They can also. be modified by attributives. For example: BURA? EA it. EDO KARH 0 BRB AAREA, Notes: (1) When a location word functions as an attributive, the word “fi” must be placed after it. For example: “ - 2 AYR, TVLAYTERY”. When a location word funetions as a central word, “fi” is not usually used before it. For example: BBD TAG” - @) The word “HH” cannot be used afier the name of a country, a place or a workplace. For example, one may only say “féH}fi]/t3%", but we cannot say @ “7EHEI/GRHLW” 5 one may only say “AAEERYRETT HE" . but we cannot say @ Ret HT BML” - 3. FORAPFENY)F Sentences indicating existance We have leamed that in order to indicate that a certain person or thing exists in a certain direction or location, the word “fe” is often used as the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a person or thing that exists: the object is usually a noun or a phrase expressing direction or location. S (Phrase indicating persons vgn eee ee ti or things that exist) 4” | O (Phrase indicating location) & & | KAGBF de 2 | a Ree Bred, | In order to indicate the meaning of “in a certain direction or location, — there exists a certain person or thing", the words “4j” or “dL” are usually employed az the main verb of the predicate. The subject of this kind of sentence is usually a nour or a phrase expressing direction or location; the object is usually a person or thing that exists. 154(Phrase indicating persons or things that exist) PANE. 2%, | hie? BME 2 | Hib A me AD ra | Rei. seit | xz ih? Note: There are two differences between sentences that use “JE” or “#4” to indicate existence; (1) A sentence with “#7” only denotes what exists in a certain place, while a sentence with “J” not only indicates that a certain thing exists in a certain place, but also further specifies what that thing (2) The object of a sentence indicating existence with “#j” is usually a general reference, while the object of a sentence indicating existence with “JE” is usually a specific reference. Therefore. we can say “FAT tHiI#H—24 Be"; but we cannot say @ “ABW ARL Instead, we should say “P43 ( AW SLIT BE” or “Fe 122 Bete AB ta premrereres ea ne 1, YL H#953K(7) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (7) The pictophonetic method (3): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating meaning on the top, and the component indicating sound at the bottom. For example: #2, . &. #5, #. , 8. 2. LDBBAMF Leam and write basie Chinese characters wm J fan every 3 strokes QR ~ 75 FFB chén official under a feudal ruler 6 strokes -155-3. UVC HALE Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) #F butong AoN+—-+07 6 strokes (2) ®& ying (ak) BOE + 7+ A+ M+ ir strokes A (sviziyao) ~ = F * BH HR 7 strokes, (3) HEH bisdi (+3) Roe +R 4 Qn 14 strokes (4) BAR xuéxido (4 7R) KR SF +R 10 strokes (5) vhs yihou (24) or t+—-+7 6 strokes (6) 4% tigao Bop sd 12 strokes D) % ti Yrzr+nat”A 15 strokes (8) £4 zudbian (zit) kort 5 strokes Ny (9) aid youbian (#i&) 5 wh aZ—7>Fy+R 5 strokes A (10) a It (i) Bmt+ hey 10 strokes -156-11) % yuGn(it) Mr H+ 7 strokes 12) 4% guéi Bret aeyA 8 strokes 13) BA weishéngjian (4 Mi) zRo?vP+— 3 strokes 14) Bh wOshi (eh #) Eh > B+ hf 8 strokes 15) Fags ydngtai (m%#) fa B +94 6 strokes $€-A+0 5 strokes Bralaalal Mitr mate Sports in China China has traditional sports such as martial arts, wrestling, qigong, and high-swing- ing. Among these, martial arts is also called “Chinese gongfiu” by foreigners. The main function of Chinese martial arts is to improve one’s health and increase one’s strength, Modern sports started very late in China, but developed very rapidly. China's first world record was established by the weight lifter, Chen Jingkai, in 1956, Table badminton, gymnastics, diving, and middle and long-distance races are Chi- na’s strongest sports. In the World Championships of Table Tennis in 1982, China won all the first and second-place titles. In the 1980's, the Chinese Women’s Vol- leyball Team won the championship five times in a row in the World Cup Competi- tion and other international competitions. China achieved the worldwide third-ph ranking at the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games, for both the number of gold medals they won and their total number of overall medals. Up to now, Chinese athletes have won 1317 world champions, setting 1026 world records. In 2008, the twenty-nineth Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. -157-Did you know that in addition to the Beijing opera there are diverse regional operas, such as the Shaoxing opera? Do you know the renowned classical Chinese novel, Dream of the Red Chamber? In this chapter, Song Hua and Lin Na will tell you about these subjects. You will also learn how to comment on your past experiences, how to make an appointment with somebody, and how to express your opinions on various topics. So+XIR Lesson 22 WA RBA non (ikit LMA) Talking about a past experience RA IG, AA AT? FV FeV NS ve VR ART RD OM: RA, APAAG ARTLBKERS, AU-KEA, Ve oN Fe NN VN RNR RRA HA PRADA, HERALD, ih FHP AELLEAT 2 -158-* a SNS eevee we UN RMA PDAS HAR, RMIALALERH, REBREKR ELEM (AEB) ® ER (ARH)? kar! 1 Reo (AH) AP AS VVv ee VN FR AN Ls HEAL KALB, ARAKL HEH, ve NN vev ys UE AEE DHE AH? ve SN fe 2 RSE DBE RH RAE ERA, VV VAN rN aa vvves > RBRBAA— KALA (ARF)? RABKE. > [92] Making an appointment or -4VN NG . BA. RA AMAR EB? a, date with someone N fev every Nv ev PINT : RARER, BARI RE BAAS £45, VEN FARR NR NAY t RRM KEAR BR, EPR AML? va FENN NNR NY NR Ne 2 KART KEARK HAT KZ, RELEN HHA, rq —aa THE, -159-voees a OM, FHA, Eig New Wonls Lat AsPt Quo (indicating a past experience) #zt, UF 2 dat, Sit, ath Bat 2, AMA N yuejar the Shaoxing opera #itittil, #e— iE, HA, PKR LE va N ju opera; dramatic work; play 3 BR Conj —_suiran although; though 4, 42 Conj — danshi but; whereas; yet 5. Bi A N jutuan opera troupe; theatrical group BIH, 230 ,— A a 6. LAR ON difangxi regional opera 7% HUH 77 XL HOFF REIL RK N xi drama; play; show 2,072, Wx, ITT AIR, SHAR 7. EIR Vv shdngyGn to stage a show; to perform _3ERRIEI, ESB IR, EBX ® v yan to act; to perform; to play RR, fils KE Wee 8 eR A gtidian classical HAAR, SUR HH, Aske KE MAE 9. Bb N XiGOshud — novel; fiction HB, SV AA — ia ABE BRAN BE *10. 1 M bian number of times (of action) —li,JL. 828 Ai Ne 1. 3p M bu (a measure word for films, works of literature) — 88), — BBE 12. SH N aiging love SEA bi tia, HATE Bk ON gushi story; tale THOR BARA NHI FROM BR, BF MOR, ARSE14, BRA A gGnrén touching; moving BRA AU BCH BRAY RA AR BRA AURA AURA 15. fe N zudwei seat EME (L ABELL, —S EAT 16. HE N pdi line; row HHE,/\ HE, JLHE v7. Bid N_ xibian west side BED3 74 , BE DEPIW 420 had FR PANE 18. 4784 vo dadi to take a taxi — $709 FTA EAT HODR EN 19. Vv jian to see; to meet with SLdt, FEM, BAF KR, FR ARR, 20. KS ARB PN Chang'an Da Xiyuan the Chang'an Theatre KBE N xiyuan theatre 21. (2eRH) PN (Héngléu Méng) Dream of the Red Chamber ETAL) BUR EME CAL EE) ae N méng dream 3, WG3F,— 73, RRMOB RAB EAA AF) EZ AE? verrvrn NS va vovewowe KOM: RMR A MLIEZ BAB | BNE ARATRT ALAA I RABEL RUN UBER AVR AL, -161-m + a Om: -162- Ve VN vues vvveev vv 2 URDLAPIR AS. HRT AEE AK Aoih REV AT HA ZAAAR eNO EVER RNR eV R MAB RAR AE, MAR EMAAR VITA Ve NV VE eR VV RN Dre eR BR GEA T ATE MH RAUBER BURR HE, HBP DILA ROH RRS BLA ABA? . VV¥N AN AVN Ley ene 2 AT, BAL RAAT A Th UG EN AaB NN VON EN NR NN ev Le A CMAN OR EMAL PM AK RAMA A S an ves eo vv : PARA AGF AMMA AMI, ARESBB—RE a Mi—K, RANMA RARE, Cn 2 ARS PARAM KP RA), HOP PE eC FRB, LEMMA MALS RA, AM ABA REA, © Vv se 4 VNR eee LRN vs : RA-AMA, VRAD SEL MHRA,R Br REMRRAHMIPD SEGARA, MEA BALA OY ee Vevv SNe vue sve HO: RR ADRK, TRA PRAIA T . vovovvy ovvyve.- van RB: WORT. TAS HT, BES. & er oH 88 KRRAR NIA eo et 4] So Yow : a LMR Adv cénglai all along; always JORMA HE, SORE ILL DORIA BL, SAA RIL 2. 2A Pr zhéme 80; such; like this iXARRA RA AB RAWAM, BARD BARK, RAHUL RARE 3. 2A N zhijué leading actor or actress 77+: ff 18 WER BEN CEM 4, Aa] ‘Adv tebié extraordinary; especially; particularly PPR A APSE PERG ARIE EAP EE AL -163-5. RE 6. 7. aT 8. RH 9 ME 10. #PH 1. WA 12. FP 13. Wag 14. HE youméi fénggé yiqian yanyuan juésé zhéngléi zhéng difang fangwén ydude nan graceful; fine; exquisite; elegant 4§ NR, RAR AMBER HEY ed style; manner iif US EARL He ANTE a before; ago; previously; formerly ji FU, [RUA LRAT TPELAA, DRIRLANT actor or actress; performer ARRIVEA, HRA, TBA character; role 33/41, A fits, — PAE A kind; sort; type; variety sh ARAN) AE TRH, RAR, ATA FR, BATHS kind; sorts type HUT RL, AHIR AL, URE place; region AMBIT, BNWT, REM A to visit; to call on ijflxt iilalit— Ue, Vile ile te TTA A vile some ANA, AEE ANA A FEU a ASR ESE AY SERRA, difficult; hard AMET , AERIRE IA DRE EE: MENA ENA METRDFEE AR] Servlementay Wows 1 RR Vv yanjia 2 m= din 3. AR N bianfan 4 RAK N tditai 5. REAR IE bu zénmeyang 6 EA A béishang 1 QER PN Jid: Baoyt 8. FRA A congming 9. AEB PN Lin Daiyd 10. N shi wn. HE Vv xiangai 12. 253 vo jiéhan 13. 3% Vv pian 14. Vv shado. 15. vka 16. Fe vost 7. Bt vs hulyt 18. BFF Vv tkai ed D Fab PARA? to study; to discuss; to consider (a measure word for meals) a simple meal wife; Mrs. not s0 good sad; sorrow (name of the leading male character in Dream of the Red Chamber) clever; bright (name of the leading female character in Dream of the Red Chamber) poem; poetry to fall in love to get married to cheat; to trick to burn to cry; to weep to die to reminisce; to recollect; to recall to leaves to depart from “Lin Na, have you ever seen the Shaoxing opera?” The Shaoxing opera is a regional opera from Zhejiang Province. It is derived from local folk songs, and is mainly popular in areas such as Jiangsu Province and Zhejiang Province, as well as in Shanghai. characterized by sweet and elegant melodies. It is a well-known regional opera in China, -165-QO HERA LB POT 7 IE OT, “It was announced in yesterday's newspaper that a Shaoxing opera troupe from the south has come to Beijing.” When combined with a preceding noun, some location words such as “[:3", “Sh 31”, and “#4”, usually drop the character “i”. For example: 4%&:, 3, 3k, ANE, KB, ME, RB. When “1.” follows a noun, it can indicate the literal, physical location of an object, for example, 3%, (4k); or the abstract area or scope of something, for example, [, #&b. figurative location, ie. in the D PATER RARE LIARS), “Dream of the Red Chamber is now playing at the Chang'an Theatre.” Dream of the Red Chamber is one of the four most famous classical Chinese novels. This profound work depicts the rise and fall of the Jia, Wang, Shi, and Xue families; it is an encyclopaedic chronicle of late Chinese feudal society. The love story between the leading male character, Jia Baoyu, and the female character, Lin Daiyu, is the main plot of the novel. O RVAWABUKAR AHR. “T have never seen such a moving opera.” The demonstrative pronoun “32”, which in spoken Chinese is often pronounced “zeme”, denotes manner, status, method and degree. It usually modifies adjectives or verbs. In this sentence, it indicates a degree. Further examples are: 3X .4F (iI A, BARA. In cases such as “KA'G", “GAL, and TEAM", “BEA” demonstrates the method. SO SUEY A SO ASH EO BA . “Now some of them can sing the Beijing opera, while some of them can perform it on stage.” When the pronoun “4j(#)” functions as a modifier, it often refers to only a part of the group of people or objects that it modifies. It can be used individually or it can appear two or three times in consecutive clauses within a sentence, For -166-example: ASABKA DL AWASR FER, HOR YL AH RK HG AO BA AK (Japanese) 64. If the noun which “#1” modifies appears in the previous sentence, it can be omitted in the following sentences starting with “Afi”. For example: RERMAUOKK AO AM, Note: A noun with “# #49” as its modifier usually doesn't follow a verb as an object. For example, we do not normally say @ “RAS UAT WY MIR”, but rather “a AYSE DT RRA ARATE”. © UTICA OUT FE, “You «: first listen to it well, and then learn how to sing it.” In this Chinese sentence, the object “fli” has been omitted. ‘The complete sentence is; Me TA SS FARA , FE AR. KEY SENTENCES 1. RAMA? 2 APRAS RHLRKE RSD, Hit— 3. BURR EA AIL BAR, 4. 5. 6. 7. REM DHE RAMEE RA, Ue ARR BEA — KAA 4 (40 BRAK)? RERLUAF PALA ARAAL, KARE, TRA EPG RE AUT AWARB RA, AHABS -167-1. 34K FAUT Master the following phrases CQ) EE HE RAL AFE WARE BHE 2HE LAE MAE PRE HEL WERE ALPE HAE 2) RAS RAP AAR RHF BAB KRARHE MRM MRAM MARGE MRR MRLATALGR RARE REE RER MRA Fit RI RIA Ait (sc AR) (3) 2485 BAM HAM RA RAP RAW AR RAR RAH A RAS RAR RAT RAHA ARE AER RAB IRBA ALAA DBL — MRR AIP TL IE A meay Oy F DARE A LEA RK 05 HAH AAMRE HS BY Help HK Halse HHRE HER HMR Hales HMI HES AGMA AHHE AHAF AUK AMIN Hoes AGL AHKRY AULE HORA AMPS HOR AMR Airey ear AGH MR AMARA AHSEAT AY AA RR IR (6) PSHAM A BER BYPHR AYR ity EERAA RMARMAA BUKARA AMER SARA (2) HA K AA-KKHK HH-KGR RU-KARH AUB SH-BRK FU-BRF Fe -wA ERAGE PRATT RRAER, TRAM ERMAREHRA PRREKKHLE ZRMARA PLEA, TREE BOS RRS (4 6 (8 -168-2. AJB Pattem drills CL) RA RAD? RAE. Ti RAEI A oA 042 RRAMEA EAI, (2) Mh 40 ith (20 HBF)? RL RAMEN UR A OTR A A? & dt A 8 % a Bi BM (AZAR) OF sey & (3) MAR KEARBEA? RARE, PRB 6 (4) AW BAM MEG RRA? (AME BR). MILK? (S) RR RFA BH wT? ASGLABT, REBS— FRE % PARR ae B ? 8 REE eH AP AUS ARAN A EGR YR 2ORe RPA ABIL6) Ae 4 —_,, >. 7 (©) AREA A? n one ry ABRZAPAAFA, BEB KERA PRA LAE EE ee he 2AM RERAL KE bit (7) 3p 89 OAR RD TBE A? AOAEREM AWAL PERS. [eeawee te hte BEESON RE WE FRORMAG BRR ha RMH RMR ABA EHBRKG (8) FRRAKARH, MAABRILT, RRRARH, TRAKMA-BEE, FER AGE A & ERLE DMARREAR RMA ENE FIR AED HE POAT PAH KF IK By SRC AT OE BAT LIRR BHRAFRAS ara EWALS 3. RAGES Classroom activity A aks B a question, and B replies, then B sks C a question, and C replies, CL) RM ARAL? (2) RP RAG AML RAB? (3) MHL LAF KS? (4) RP BAA, MFA TARA? (5) PARMANR AAR A? (6) Ham ££ 3B Ait KAS? (7) RP BS HM AL KARA =170-(8) AM AIL DHA RP RA? (9) 3B A at ILI? (10) Ae Ast oP KH CARH RA? C1) AMA EHKREARBRA? (12) RAAB? (13) AMA PARA? (14) ahaa A at Ak By? (1S) RAR AE SP AB AR BR AT? (16) EDP KRG? 17) KAW AL PR DMR (18) He FEE P BI A RRA? (19) KEEP AS RLBRA? (20) MerFet (RAM)? 4. SiG Conversation exercises [RUA Talking about a past experience] (1) As Ae deit MR AT? B: RAHSK, Me Bit KH? + (RA)RAMRSRARR, TRARBRLHED, JRA, RR we, id MRA ew RIE AD (2) ie ALB IL am 15 05 2 PPOp ew > B; RBM AR, Ar HAP Dap FLL RA? B: SRP RL He -I71-(3) Ar M29, thal A AML T 2 Br &A___ OT, HEIL? A: HEME RR YH AA HE B: WR, LBM ORB A — KIS LWDR FERAL RAIA PILE T 5 Ar TT ASA ABIL R A. Bi AAT RMRAA KH He MIL, RR So RIL [RC Looking for a job] C1) A: RAL, BMRA LH, 2B? 1 RA A: teeaiy Bit ta? By Ra eR _ REF At. ° Ar KA, WP wy MRA? B: REMRAEAP IH ORR AMAL wv Mi HLM wR, A A 1 AR. HF AMAARLAM—K, (2) A: AH MARRERMPERLIG RRARBRLE BE, B: 2 A: R,HRKAA, By AAT MIL H A te? A: R-FAMAKA-SKPRAE SR APS POAGKER BiB, B: MARRIED? Ar BRB AIRE, ASH MR Pt I OH, Bi HAE 4 Ar 2a, RANE (YON|i) — FLAG GRE Making an appointment or a date with someone] C1) A: HERARER MRL, BMARENRRRAIL, LH -172-(din ) 484% ( bianfan ) , 4°52 2 MURR, TREAD EAR RAL, 1 BREAN? MIE RRR. TUR? _o MAX (tditai) #— de Roy? MRA, + ABKAFT . (2) AL (4rBi8) RA bse FH? B, Ath, MM? Arg wha R A ASE A RHPA ) 2? By BAAR, TRAIL SRR ARE BY Ar RM ASAE GY, MARA? Bi att. 4A abe eR? A: Reith ay RAT AP A, B A B A B; : RAA. TR, A WAR LIEB, : ROBERT RRKREYE, LAR+oM-FHes, 2 WAT! AMeZH? . 2 ANAT RC, KR ERE Rid 9 SH Eth, Hi ARCAER, {i¥ ff Making comments] A: (RAKE) RHCYRAAT ROZAT HB USERS ih, AREAS 2 By REAR EZ 4 (bU ZEnmeyang ) , A: AWA? thoi sez fo Rt HARA S, Bl RA RAAS ARAM RERE, Ay RABE SG Yl RAK, B: TRAE YHKFARAESL, RUREKE MIE, -173-5. HAWIE Describe the following pictures mS ARATE LER? Ae, ° Ait LB? 6. Z€6R4%>3 Communication practice tA] 2 PARP LAE Be RG RR, ABATE RHE LAR? A WL TEM BRT BRL (1) Talk to your classmate about an interesting experience you had last week. (2) You have bought two movie tickets; invite your friend to see the movie with you, (3) After watching the movie, you discuss your thoughts about it with your friend. Comment on the plot, music, style, actors, performance, make-up, etc. -174-(ACRES) LN PER HCH) BAD KR A (DEishGng) #4 K tha KELHREAAY LAG Booyl), LAHRAM EBA RGR IG AARNE (COngming), KL Hk F fh RANE H KAR, my HEA(Lin Dail) AMARA RAG, WL ZLD—F AUR SH, 5ig(SM) SRR, ZAG SIL, WNER-ROUR ABBR HHGIL, KZARRKEA HEAL MERKEL, TRKZAH Hyd Fo EEA IAA HBS 1A 4M K (XIGNG’GI) , 4A] — VAL He Fo 8) wy 4s SRE HG GIEHUN) , HH KBAR LE, eH oY AG A , 45 BB (PIG) RH, TE ALIR HOI TH RAL SABO MR AGRA GCG E Bees HBOS T AR (ShGO) T WH T ik aA AL, WR(KU)T—AK, WEST. KRRRTAG, KEAMNMHSFERS KARL HT Ae Ie (hulyl eA At HAE ARS, ete Aid HY BAe MANTRAS HOD AR — ARG HL IE (IIKGI) TH, Sate 1, LEMBWRMBG Past experience The aspect particle “jx”, which occurs immediately after a verb, denotes that an action took place in the past. It is often used to emphasize experience. Here are some more examples: WORM edo & ARK EAS RM ARIS ARAE WA AUER SOR The negative form of “if” is “(4 )--it”. For example: RARE, RAR it. ‘The V/A-not-V/A question with “it” is ALLA? Bit, {024° For example: RA? -175-Predicate Subject \- — a “a | 0 [sR x at | AUGER), | a THe |e | rms. & | at eo | & | em, te at | em am? te a ad RA? Notes: (1) “Xt” must be placed immediately afier the verb. If the verbal predicate has an object, “Xi” always precedes the object. Therefore, one does not say: @ “2H if WBRAT”, but rather “RAMA”. (2) To indicate one’s experience, “it” is normally placed after the second verb in a sentence with serial verb phrases. For example: HEBERRMLE DA, (It is incorrect to say: @{bAMM SWE, ) AMAEADEALAAHHEFT, (It is incorrect to say; @RMALMEMAKRAWMR BT, ) 2. ShHk4M# The action-measure complement The action-measure word “Y" or “iii” is often combined with a numeral and placed after @ verb as the action-measure complement to express the frequency of an action. In addition to signifying the number of times, “ji” also denotes the whole process of an action from beginning to end. For example: AERA, RAH RAT HB When the object of the verb is a noun, the action-measure complement should be placed before the object. When the object is expressed by a pronoun, the complement often comes after the object. -176-Predicate Subject Td Nu+ action. | Adverbial measure , O(N) iin bit TAR |SRER R RALGRF. & vit Eb eee Apart from indicating the frequency of an action, the action-measure complement “—FJL" is also used to indicate an action that is performed in a casual way, or that lasts for only a short while (refer to Note One in Lesson 7). Here are some examples: $48—"F JL, — FIL 3. BR---{HE/ATAE--- The construction “Bi #R---{AJ2/A] E-- “BURR (ESE / a] ments, “FR. ", meaning “although”, is used to link two contradictory state- may go either before or afier the subject of the first clause, while “{E JE” (or “HI AL") is always placed at the beginning of the second clause. For example: BURIED ARIE A AEA IB IE JO ARPA FLL, KREAOGF HHH, TRAS Gib S, can also be omitted. For example: (SR) SP RGE HH a I RK A APA, “BR i ea 1. DF HFK (8) Methods of constructing Chinese characters (8) The pictophonetic method (4): In this method, a character is formed by placing the component indicating the meaning at the bottom, and the component indicating the sound on the top. For example: ##, &, 4, A, 4, B. 2. WSHAVF Leam and write basic Chinese characters a ZB \unae dan dawn; daybreak 5 strokes S - re RR RK ik & yue battle-axe used in ancient China 5 strokes = -17- (2)3. USMXPHMMF Leam and write the Chinese characters appearing in the texts (1) ARB yusjt (ALA) ) tio e+ h 12 strokes (2) R& suirdn (3%) ROW + & 9 strokes (3) 425 danshi f2 > 4 +o 7 strokes (4) AVR) jutuan (8) 8) A->- D+F 6 strokes (5) eA RK difGngxi (3&7 BK) a Tak + & 6 strokes (6) 2& bidn BoP +m +i 12 strokes (7) 48 bu a> R+ a+ f 10 strokes (8) RH Giging (Hr) hot+ Fs 11 strokes (9) &¥ gushi wee + & 9 strokes (10) #4% Zudwei Ji > fo + me 10 strokes -178-(11) (22#&4#) Honglou Méng (449) Bo R+ F 11 strokes (12) 2% zhojué fir” + 7 strokes (13) 4§ a] tebié Oe + het 10 strokes (14) HK yOuméi (4 €) Bot tk 6 strokes (1S) BUH fenggé (5) Bop + Re D 10 strokes (16) 4 zhOnglei (463%) tPF 4 P 9 strokes K > K+ RK 9 strokes (17) #1) fangwen (37 Fi) wri+gF 6 strokes (18) 3% nan (#) MER + 10 strokes jotes Classical Chinese Poetry, Prose, and Novels Classical Chinese literature has a history as long as the literary histories of Greek, Arabic, and Sanskrit languages. Poetry is the most developed genre of -179-classical Chinese literature. The oldest collection of Chinese poetry, The Book of Songs, contains three hundred and five poems dating from the eleventh century B.C. to the sixth century B.C... The golden age of Chinese poetry was during the . The poems of Qu Yuan, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and Su Shi represent the highest achievements in this genre. ‘Tang and Song dyna Chinese prose has a history just as long as poetry. The earliest prose consists of historical texts dating back to the eleventh century B.C.. These are followed by prose pieces representing various schools of thought. During the Tang and Song dynasties, as well as in the Qing Dynasty, a great number of finely written prose pieces. were produced. Novels, especially those written by known authors, appeared fairly late in China. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Water Margin, and Dream of the Red Chamber are the four most famous classical Chinese novels.F People in Beijing love to climb the Great Wall of China. Ding Libo | and his frends climb the Great Wall with their teacher, Ms. Chen. once | again before the holidays. You will tour the Great Wall with them and learn i to discuss plans, make suggestions, and talk about the scenery and the S—+=i® Lesson 23 FEN EIA TF REM: BAT MN Aare? RM: HOM PRK AWAFOR, vey FRAP: He, ARIE? Vv -NN A NM eRe as EDA: RAFALB AILHKREEOY, © HM, eit -181-~182- SRR RAE? 2 RT, Rite AR ATH AR Ray? 2 MATL EMABREKAL? 2 AT, AAR ML? © S Nev as SvvvNvevvs : ELREN-KT, RKRBA MA RAT. veNeavas . Svevvsenv ae voN eee Ne Nee rN a Sonne : HEME MECARBT 9 Aske? ARAB? wee Ne Leavy =a ma RDB FREE, BMAF RR BEB, ne AN gah , BERRA PULA. . Savey List) laking suggestions “, VN NNN eS vey Fe NNN ee PDR PRA ALE, WHA MILA A, AUR PFN FV FN ev VN NN vee BE HARK, LTUARRENRE, MEIKRAR, VAN Vevey TRAM HETARLAMA, SHES! © VN Nvevv ve Nee -- ee p DRP RPE, AWE LEMAR S, LGA HE SevvevoN vs , KATURMMN-RA,. EDA: RABRRBRY NAMB. FON -vovvA IRAN AA? covvAN ey ve a EI REAR He SVN 4aN re BRAID: 470 BUR AGES —AR He IR AE Fg] New Words 1 Re 2. AR a4 3. aE 4. $e 5. “eH a Bee EF ed 10. % WE & #12. HK v vo pa fangjia jia dasuan ding jiGosha jianyi qiwén jingse jing sé youydng to climb AGE, MEE NEV to have a holiday or vacation BERET , FF SEY TBIBL FOCAL REE HABLA CABLE vacation; holiday iff{E plan/to plan; to intend FR A4TH , BCBLAY TR AT ANR AR IT TT to put forward; to raise #2) SBM, i airplane 4B -HL, JF GDL, EGHL, FOL to fly “KBAR, KALINge A airplane hills mountain ful): LF ay Uy AE Ue, AE wy peak; tip Wi, AU, to teach to make suggestions/advice; suggestion WOR, BLS COL FERED, AY, air temperature “(A358 AURA A AL YEAS AUR ZARE, SAY JR scene; scenery; landscape LH 44,, 1) WK ARE view; scene 325, 25, MA scene to swim AUFIK, TSK EEK Wk -183-Dh EK B. AR N dongtian winter RR, ZEN UE, SRW, RAE 14. LR N xiatian summer BRK, RAVER ROK BRK 15. aR N daoyéu tour guide Sie / MME, SAREE ,—C Se, AHS SE v dao to guide; to lead Vv you to travel v xing to be O.K. 17. KH PN Chngchéng the Great Wall RK sk, AR, SI EDR: FRAP EVE: 184 HK EPA PN Taishan Taishan Mountain G38) , SU EA ty ARE ARS PN H@inGn DGo Hainan Island J:v 75 Site tT ETH 9 Re PN Kéngzi Confucius F PN XiGo Yanzi (name of a Chinese tour guide ) Sve oN ee NS RAEI ARM, Ami! PERS Levee AR KARATE? © - vo4 covVAN Ne RATEBREET . AIRS LAT.FRAT Epa: vrei Vv NS vay cS MAB RIERA RIL AMAR T AAR AE RR BAIL, © HB A ILK AE LIE, x vv-y COV AN e SN aN PRILMR ESL! KRGR-AK, OM, Fa - vere 8 VN eee NNN ee HKALE BRT RES HLMH FORE, vey + WRITE LG? ‘ Nese A 2 PRL, RAARH, MARKIE CIM AIRE, . NNN ee fe ree ey RM, MERARK,FRELMK, REET, No4e Vvvionyv CREA OM: ALREAT SALT, ee KEM: SERUOABRE TR, TRMwitg? Pp FRE LOHR, AM: PRA, RPBRR AMORA TERR OMT TAR: MA. WMA, AREZR ERT? RMMEAEE ER? RAs jeg? 0 ~185—eNO van voxves tve fey EDA: BA. MARAE AUG CHES, REE GET? ARAIB: RGAE ob ARAB RSE Re A MT! AUREL KIRA T ! FE ig] Yow Words 1. Any vo jiayou to make an extra effort; to cheer sb. on RATT ABE aa v jia to increase; to add 2K A lei tired #7 RILR AHR KAR, WRB, ARR 3& M tiao strip; long narrow piece; (a measure word for objects like rivers, dragons, trousers) RH 4.2% N long dragon He QE Ee E 5. 48 v pai to pat; to beat; to take (a picture) 44H Hr, TAHIR FELL LR AAT 6. KR N qgiatian autumn ZEKK, BRRK ACR AK AK HR 7. AAR N yintian cloudy sky; overcast sky 4 KDR, PARKA Bt 8 FS VO xiG xUé to snow BHT WEES, FS WKA £ N xué snow BA, SR, BAKE 9 E(F) oN ling(xid) zero ( below zero) 10. AE M du degree (for temperature) +-BE, SF HUE ,AC UES ob HE Wea N béifGng north ECA BLT ARITA AI 12. RR N ChontiGn — spring RAT ARMOR WIR, RU -186-13. BE VO. bOngmang — te help BERR AN HARPL: TAME CN) IE, cee # v bang to help; to assist TAWR— PF AE 14. 3b v zhan to stand 15, voo@ to rises to get up 29K BHR BEI, Abi 16. J HY PN. GuGngzhou — Guangzhou abil Supplementary Words 1. RAFGR ON tiangl yubdo weather forecast 2 BRR N — qingti@n sunny sky 3. P ERAL PN ZhOnggud Minhang Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAC) 4 Ee Vv qifei to take off 5. BAW N_ tingchéchang parking lot 6 KB N cdidan ‘menu .® A ké thirsty 8. fR N xiong bear 9 1 Vv hdipa to be afraid 10. #E M ké (a measure word for trees, plants) 11. Bt N shiv tree 12. 7% vos to die 2B. vy zhuang to pretend to be sth./sb. 14. v dong to move 15. fee A wéixian dangrous DO RATHLARW AARAREE, “I plan to go to Taishan first, and then go home to see my parents.” Taishan is a famous mountain in Shandong Province. It is one of the great tourist -187-attractions of China. It is also known as the “Eastern Mountain” — of China’s five famous mountains. QAO, Seve He TRL AAR MeAY, “That's right, it is his idea to join the tour to Hainan Island.” Hainan Island is part of Hainan Province in China, Its tropical scenery attracts many tourists D (iS AMAL, HB WALT BHT. “He furthermore said that he would climb Taishan first, and then go to visit the place where Confucius used to teach.” Confucius was a famous philosopher and educator in the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. He was the originator of Confucianism. His philosophy and educational thoughts have influenced generations of Chinese people. @ WT AWE AL? “By the way, where does Dawei like to go?” “XET” is used to insert something into a conversation or to start a new topic to attract somebody's attention. It is commonly used to indicate that the speaker has suddenly remembered something or is going to correct or add to his previous comments. For example: ALT ARAL A HARARE AE A? AT RR ETRY, REMR TEAM, S £HREM! “How interesting!” “Z+MW +08]! "is commonly used in exclamatory sentences that express strong feelings. The adverb “4” is usually used as an adverbial in front of adjectives or certain verbs. The modal particle “Ifij” is often used at the end of the sentence. For example: HHRFHRS REM! (ARE ) RAP DIS BAT! -188-BRS EKEROE EN! “Ke-T", which you have previously leamed. is also a form of exclamatory sentence. © Aik AMINE? “Where are Libo and Dawei?” “TB KAMA” is an appositive phrase. “13k IY” is equivalent to “HANI” - For example: \2sithff] RAR. “GRANTEE” and “ERE, which you have previously studied, are both appositive phrases. © ROA RIL ART METRES FRR — 2 ILI, “I feel a little tired. Lin Na is tired, too. Let’s sit down to rest for a while.” The adver “3” (3) links the previous statement and its conclusion. For example: FRE VAS ARAN AB SEAR AL BUR LAE ARB EREARAH ERMA: “MF EMA T? ” ® EHR. “The Great Wall looks like a dragon.” ‘The dragon is a magical creature in ancient Chinese mythology. It has a long body, scales, horns, and feet. It is able to walk, fly, swim, and command the clouds and the rain. As the feudal period came to an end, the dragon was no longer the symbol of the imperial emperor. However, Chinese people all over the world still see themselves as the “descendants of the dragon.” Images of the dragon and “dragon culture” can be seen all over China. O WR AMIVEAZ Lok? Beaty? “Hi, why haven't you come up? Do you need help?” Note the important difference between “#§4t2" and “#¥{ty": the verb “FRY” may be followed by an object (for example: #B) 28, Hy {h(f1); whereas “#54” cannot be followed by an object. For example, one must say, “SEAL”, “RMF ti” , and not, @ “Fippiege” . -189-

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