Fat Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide Iodine Value

NaOH KOH Low High Dr. Bob's INS Est. INS INS Other Names
Almond, Sweet 0.1360 0.1904 93 105 97 92 97
Apricot Kernel 0.1350 0.1890 92 108 91 89 91
Arachis 0.1360 0.1904 93 93 99 98 99 peanut
Avocado 0.1330 0.1862 82 90 99 101 99
Avocado Butter 0.1339 0.1875 60 90 113 113
Babassu, brazil nut 0.1750 0.2450 10 20 230 230 230
Beef Hoof 0.1410 0.1974 72 72 124 126 124 neat's foot
Beeswax 0.0690 0.0966 8 11 84 88 84
Borage 0.1357 0.1900 130 150 50 50
Brazil Nut 0.1750 0.2450 10 20 230 230 230
Butterfat, Cow 0.1619 0.2266 30 30 191 197 191
Butterfat, Goat 0.1672 0.2340 30 30 204 204
Camelina 0.1333 0.1870 140 160 37 37
Camellia 0.1362 0.1910 78 88 108 108
Candelilla Wax 0.0381 0.0535 19 24 32 32
Canola 0.1324 0.1856 110 126 56 68 56
Carnauba Wax 0.0611 0.0856 7 14 76 76
Castor 0.1286 0.1800 82 90 95 94 95
Chicken Fat 0.1389 0.1944 130 130
Chinese Bean 0.1350 0.1890 124 132 61 61 61 soybean
Cocoa Butter 0.1370 0.1918 33 44 157 154 157
Coconut  0.1900 0.2660 10 10 258 256 258
Cod-liver 0.1326 0.1856 181 181 29 5 29
Colza 0.1240 0.1736 105 120 56 62 56 rapeseed
Corn 0.1360 0.1904 103 130 69 74 69
Cottonseed 0.1386 0.1940 112 112 89 82 89
Earthnut 0.1360 0.1904 93 93 99 98 99 peanut
Emu 0.1359 0.1906 40 80 128 131 128
Evening Primrose 0.1357 0.1900 150 170 30 30
Flaxseed 0.1357 0.1899 205 205 -6 -16 -6
Goose Fat 0.1369 0.1916 130 130
Grapeseed 0.1265 0.1771 125 137 66 47 66
Hazelnut 0.1356 0.1898 90 103 94 94
Hemp Seed 0.1345 0.1883 160 170 39 24 39
Illipe Butter 0.1385 0.1940 43 55 145 145
Java Cotton 0.1461 0.2049 85 110 108 108 kapok
Jojoba 0.0690 0.0966 80 85 11 15 11
Kapok 0.1461 0.2049 85 110 108 108
Karite Butter (Shea) 0.1280 0.1792 55 71 116 117 116
Katchung 0.1360 0.1904 93 93 99 98 99 peanut
Kokum Butter 0.1357 0.1900 32 40 154 154
Kukui Nut 0.1350 0.1890 160 175 24 22 24
Lanolin 0.0741 0.1037 18 36 83 77 83
Lard 0.1380 0.1932 60 60 139 134 139
Linseed 0.1357 0.1899 205 205 -6 -16 -6 flaxseed
Macadamia 0.1390 0.1946 73 79 119 119
Maize 0.1360 0.1904 103 130 69 74 69 corn
Mango 0.1280 0.1792 55 65 120 120
Mango Butter 0.1371 0.1920 43 50 146 146
Meadowfoam 0.1207 0.1690 92 92 77 77
Mink 0.1400 0.1960 45 65 141 141
Mustard 0.1241 0.1737 105 120 56 62 56 rapeseed
Neat's foot 0.1359 0.1902 72 72 124 119 124
Neem 0.1387 0.1941 84 94 124 106 124
Nutmeg Butter 0.1160 0.1624
Olive  0.1340 0.1876 79 95 109 101 109
Ostrich 0.1390 0.1946 90 103 128 99 128
Palm 0.1410 0.1974 45 57 145 147 145
Palm Butter 0.1560 0.2184 37 42 183 179 183
Palm Kernel 0.1560 0.2184 37 42 183 179 183
Palm, Stearic 0.1410 0.1974 37 45 157 157
Peach Kernel 0.1370 0.1920 108 118 96 79 96
Peanut 0.1360 0.1904 93 93 99 98 99
Perilla 0.1369 0.1916 185 208 -5 -5
Pistachio Nut 0.1328 0.1863 93 96 92 92
Poppyseed 0.1383 0.1936 140 140 54 54
Pumpkinseed 0.1331 0.1863 110 130 67 67
Ramic 0.1240 0.1736 105 120 56 62 56 rapeseed
Rape 0.1240 0.1736 105 120 56 62 56 rapeseed
Rapeseed 0.1240 0.1736 105 120 56 62 56
Rice Bran 0.1280 0.1792 110 110 70 70
Ricinus 0.1286 0.1800 82 90 95 94 95 castor
Rose Hip Seed 0.1378 0.1930 170 185 16 16
Safflower 0.1360 0.1904 150 150 47 41 47
Sal Butter 0.1306 0.1832 35 43 145 145
Sesame Seed 0.1330 0.1862 105 115 81 77 81
Shea Butter 0.1280 0.1792 55 71 116 117 116
Shortening (veg.) 0.1360 0.1904 90 95 115 98 115
Soybean 0.1350 0.1890 124 132 61 61 61
Sunflower Seed 0.1340 0.1876 136 136 63 52 63
Sweet Oil 0.1340 0.1876 79 95 109 101 109 olive
Tallow, bear 0.1390 0.1946
Tallow, beef 0.1405 0.1967 43 47 147 152 147
Tallow, chinese vegetable 0.1345 0.1883
Tallow, deer 0.1379 0.1930 166 166
Tallow, goat 0.1383 0.1936 156 156
Tallow, sheep 0.1383 0.1936 156 156
Tamanu 0.1357 0.1900 108 108 82 82
Theobroma 0.1370 0.1918 33 44 157 154 157 cocoa butter
Tung 0.1377 0.1927 163 173 25 25
Walnut 0.1353 0.1894 140 150 45 45
Wheatgerm  0.1310 0.1834 115 140 58 56 58
 Recipe Name:

Alkali: NaOH (Bar Soap)

Estimated INS Value: 128

Oil Weight in gr % of Oils INS SAP Oz NaOH Super-fatting Oil Weight in Gr

Olive  960 80.0% 109 0.1340 128.64
Palm 120 10.0% 145 0.1410 16.92
Coconut  120 10.0% 258 0.1900 22.8

Total: 1200 100.0% 168.36 Total: 0

Lye discount: 0.0% Total Effective Lye Discount: 0.0%

Total Oz Pounds Ounces Notes:

Oils 1200.0 75 0.0
Lye 168.3 10 8.3
Water 400.0 25 0.0
Total 1768.3 110 8.3
After Cure (15% water) 1428.3 89 4.3

Bar Size (Oz) 100.0

Number of Bars 14
 104640 960
17400 120
30960 120
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 Recipe Name:

Alkali: NaOH (Bar Soap) Scale To: Total Weight (Oz)

or Weight After Cure (Oz)
Scale Factor: 1.00 or Number of Bars

Oil Weight in Oz % of Oils SAP Oz NaOH Super-fatting Oil Weight in Oz

Olive  960 80.0% 0.1340 128.64
Palm 120 10.0% 0.1410 16.92
Coconut  120 10.0% 0.1900 22.8

Total: 1200 100.0% 168.36 Total: 0 0

Lye discount: 0.0% Total Effective Lye Discount: 0.0%

Total Oz Pounds Ounces Notes:

Oils 1200.0 75 0.0
Lye 168.3 10 8.3
Water 400 25 0.0
Total 1768.3 110 8.3
After Cure (15% water) 1428.3 89 4.3

Bar Size (Oz) 100.0

Number of Bars 14
Hi, just a few notes about this template, how to use the workbooks created
from
it, and the methods used for certain operations. There's a short FAQ at
the
very end of this document.

Installation
------------
(These instructions are based on installing the template for use by
MSExcel97,
on a machine running MSWindows95/98/ME/NT.)

The best place to keep this template is in your Templates folder. Your
Templates folder should be in the folder in which you installed Microsoft
Office
or Microsoft Excel. For example: on my machine the Templates folder is
'C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Templates'.

Basic usage
-----------
Once you have saved the template to your Templates folder, here's how to
create
new workbooks from it:
1) Start Excel
2) Click 'New' on the 'File' menu, which opens up the 'New' dialog box.
3) On the 'General' tab of the 'New' dialog, pick 'soapsheet.xlt'.
4) Click the OK button.
5) A new workbook called soapsheet1 should appear in Excel.

There are only two worksheets in this workbook that you need to be
concerned
with when you play with your soap recipes. They are the sheets labeled
"Recipe
Worksheet" (the one you're on by default when you create a new workbook
from the
template) and "Scaled Version". The fields that may be changed on the
Recipe
worksheet are:

- Recipe Name
- Alkali (NaOH for bar soap recipes, KOH for liquid soap recipes)
- fields under the "Oil" heading
- fields under the "Super-fatting Oil" heading
- fields under the "Weight in Oz" headings for oils and super-fatting oils
- Lye discount
- Bar Size (Oz)
- Notes
worksheet are:

- Recipe Name
- Alkali (NaOH for bar soap recipes, KOH for liquid soap recipes)
- fields under the "Oil" heading
- fields under the "Super-fatting Oil" heading
- fields under the "Weight in Oz" headings for oils and super-fatting oils
- Lye discount
- Bar Size (Oz)
- Notes

Entering a recipe is as easy as picking oils from the drop-down list

attached to
the Oil fields and entering the amount of each you want to use. Then, if
you
want, enter super-fatting oils the same way, enter a lye discount, and
perhaps
change the bar size. That's it. Everything else will be calculated for
you.

The Scaled Version sheet allows you to take the recipe entered on the
Recipe
sheet and scale it to whatever batch size you want. It shows everything
from
the Recipe sheet except INS values, and includes the additional field
"Scale
Factor". Scale Factor is the only field that may be changed on the Scaled
Version sheet, and is used as follows: to scale a recipe down to one half
of its
original size, enter a Scale Factor of .5. To double a recipe, enter a
Scale
Factor of 2. Enter whatever factor you want, 2 and .5 are just examples.
You
get the idea.

New feature on Scaled Version worksheet: there are now three new fields
that
allow the recipe to be scaled either to a total batch size in ounces, a
total
batch size in ounces after cure, or a total number of bars based on the
user
settable bar size. To use these, enter a number in any one of the three
fields (after typing the number hit return or select another cell to
complete
your change), then click on the button next to the field. This will cause
Excel
to automatically change the scale factor to achieve the batch size or
number
of bars you specify. Please note that this "goal seeking" feature of
Excel is
not perfect, sometimes it will not be able to properly scale to the number
you
specify. If that happens, try fractionally changing the number in one
direction or another and then hit the button again. For example, if Excel
your change), then click on the button next to the field. This will cause
Excel
to automatically change the scale factor to achieve the batch size or
number
of bars you specify. Please note that this "goal seeking" feature of
Excel is
not perfect, sometimes it will not be able to properly scale to the number
you
specify. If that happens, try fractionally changing the number in one
direction or another and then hit the button again. For example, if Excel
is
having trouble scaling your recipe to a 64 ounce batch, try scaling to
64.1 or
63.9 ounces instead. If it still doesn't work, try changing the number a
little more. Also note that scaling to a batch size after cure or to a
number of bars is disabled when the alkali is set to KOH (liquid soap).

Bar Soap (NaOH) versus Liquid Soap (KOH) Recipes

------------------------------------------------
The alkali for a recipe is set to NaOH by default. If you change it to
KOH for a liquid
soap recipe, several things change:

1) The SAP values used change to those for KOH.

2) The water calculation changes to one suitable for liquid soap recipes.
3) The INS values and the INS calculation disappear, since the are not
appli-
cable to liquid soap.
4) Other fields/calculations that are not applicable to liquid soap (e.g.
weight
after cure, bar size, and yield in bars) also disappear.

SAP Values
----------
The SAP values used in calculating the lye are looked up from the SAP
Values
worksheet. If you disagree with any of the values, please feel free to
change
them. You may also change the names of any of the oils, just make sure
you
change any references on the Recipe worksheet from the old name to the new
name.
You may also add new oils, as long as you don't change the format of the
SAP
Values worksheet (this is very important, as the lookup from the Recipe
worksheet depends upon the oil names and SAP values being in specific
columns,
and within a certain range of rows). If you do add new oils, you can
either
insert them into the list where you want or put them at the end; order is
not
important, just don't go past row 200 or so. Note too that the oils in
the drop
down list on the Recipe sheet appear in the same order as on the SAP
Values worksheet (this is very important, as the lookup from the Recipe
worksheet depends upon the oil names and SAP values being in specific
columns,
and within a certain range of rows). If you do add new oils, you can
either
insert them into the list where you want or put them at the end; order is
not
important, just don't go past row 200 or so. Note too that the oils in
the drop
down list on the Recipe sheet appear in the same order as on the SAP
Values
sheet, so if you don't insert new oils in alphabetical order, they won't
appear
that way in the list either. To save any changes/additions you make to
the SAP
Values worksheet, so that any new workbooks you create will include them,
see
"Changing the template" below.

INS Values of Recipes

---------------------
The concept of INS values is borrowed from Dr Robert McDaniel's book,
"Essentially Soap." He in turn borrowed it from an unattributed source.
In any
event, what he says is that an oil's INS value is based on its SAP value
and
iodine value, and that a soap's INS is the weighted average of the INS
values of
its constituent oils. What does that mean to you? Probably not much.
The
important thing is that (as related by Dr Bob) the 'ideal' INS value to
shoot
for when formulating a soap recipe is 160. Now remember: 160 is only the
ideal.
Most recipes, even really excellent ones, won't be at an INS of 160. The
majority of the ones I've looked at are in the mid 140's or low 150's.
The INS
value's real utility is as a sort of rough gauge of how well your recipe
is
balanced. In other words, if your recipe's INS is much above or way below
160,
you might want to take another look at things. Note that the INS
calculation is
not done for liquid soap recipes.

INS Values of Individual Oils

-----------------------------
Many of the INS values for individual oils are borrowed from Dr Bob.
Specifically, the sheet calculates its own INS values based on the best
SAP and
iodine values I could find, but where Dr Bob had a value, I defer to him.
You
may note that a few of the oils listed have no INS. That's because Dr Bob
didn't list them, and I couldn't find iodine value numbers for them
INS Values of Individual Oils
-----------------------------
Many of the INS values for individual oils are borrowed from Dr Bob.
Specifically, the sheet calculates its own INS values based on the best
SAP and
iodine values I could find, but where Dr Bob had a value, I defer to him.
You
may note that a few of the oils listed have no INS. That's because Dr Bob
didn't list them, and I couldn't find iodine value numbers for them
either. You
can still use those oils in your recipes, but they will be ignored in the
INS
calculation for the recipe as a whole.

Canola versus Rapeseed oil

--------------------------
All canola oil is rapeseed oil, but not all rapeseed oil is canola. The
reason
for this is that rapeseed oil normally has an erucic acid content of up to
fifty
percent, while in order for an oil to be called canola, it may have an
erucic
acid content of no more than two percent. In other words, canola is low
erucic
acid rapeseed oil. What does this mean to you? Well, the erucic acid of
regular rapeseed is largely replaced by oleic and linoleic acids in
canola,
which CHANGES THE SAP VALUE. I have yet to see a saponification chart,
either
published or on the web, which takes this into account. Every one of them
treats rape and canola interchangeably, and lists the SAP of regular rape,
even
though the availability of regular rapeseed oil to the average North
American
consumer is limited at best. Is this dangerous? Since the SAP of rape is
lower
than that of canola, no, not really. It just means you're building an
additional lye discount into any soap that uses canola. Which isn't much
of a
problem unless your recipe is already at the extreme of superfatting, or
you're
trying to make transparent soap. Bottom line: use canola for canola, and
any
of the other names (ramic/rape/rapeseed) for regular rapeseed oil.

Lye calculation and rounding

----------------------------
Because most people don't have a way to accurately measure amounts smaller
than
.1 ounces (well, I don't), the calculated amounts for lye and water are
rounded
DOWN to the nearest .1 ounce. If you must round, rounding down is the
only safe
of the other names (ramic/rape/rapeseed) for regular rapeseed oil.

Lye calculation and rounding

----------------------------
Because most people don't have a way to accurately measure amounts smaller
than
.1 ounces (well, I don't), the calculated amounts for lye and water are
rounded
DOWN to the nearest .1 ounce. If you must round, rounding down is the
only safe
way to go for lye, and unless you are making very small batches, a
difference of
less than one tenth of an ounce should have very little effect. Note that
you
may still enter amounts of oil to any level of precision you want, you
just
won't ever get more than one decimal place of precision for the lye and
water.

Water calculation
-----------------
The amount of water required for bar soaps is calculated based on the rule
of
thumb of one pound of water for every three pounds of oils. There are
other
rules of thumb out there, e.g. six ounces of water per pound of oils, ala
the
MMS calculator, but I prefer the 1:3 rule. For liquid soap recipes the
amount
of water is three times the total weight of the KOH.

After Cure calculation

----------------------
The After Cure weight is an estimate of the total yield of soap after most
of
the water has cured out of your bars. It is based on the rule of thumb
that
when your soap is done curing it will have about 15% of its original water
content remaining.

Default values
--------------
Every new soapsheet workbook will have a default alkali of NaOH (bar
soap), a lye
discount of 0%, bar size of 4 ounces, and scale factor of 1. Any of these
may be
changed. To save your changes for future workbooks, see "Changing the
template"
below.

Changing the template

---------------------
Here's how to change the template:
discount of 0%, bar size of 4 ounces, and scale factor of 1. Any of these
may be
changed. To save your changes for future workbooks, see "Changing the
template"
below.

Changing the template

---------------------
Here's how to change the template:

1) Create a new soapsheet workbook.

2) Make your changes/additions to SAP Values, bar size, lye discount,
and/or
scale factor.
3) From the File menu, click Save As.
4) In the 'Save as type' drop-down list box on the 'Save As' dialog,
choose
'Template (*.xlt)'. This choice should automatically change the 'Save in'
directory to your Templates directory.
5) In the 'File name' box of the 'Save As' dialog enter 'soapsheet' (the
original name), or whatever name you would like to use for the new version
of
the template.
6) If you are replacing the template you started with in step one, you
will be
prompted whether or not to overwrite the original. Click 'Yes'.
7) You're done.

FAQ's
-----

1) What the heck is a '.xlt' file?

The .xlt, versus .xls, indicates that it is an Excel spreadsheet

_template_, not
actually a spreadsheet. Every time you open it, it will create a new
workbook in
Excel that you will be asked to name when you save (i.e. it's hitting the
`New'
button to create a new workbook, but instead of being blank, it's got all
of
this stuff from the template in it already). Normally templates are kept
in the
Templates directory under the directory where Microsoft Office was
installed.
For me, under WindowsNT 4.0, that defaults to c:\program files\microsoft
office\templates. Once the template is installed in the templates
directory,
picking File>New off of Excel's menu will pop up a dialog for choosing a
template or wizard for the new workbook. Just pick 'soapsheet.xlt' from
the
General tab, and you are good to go.

2) Why is the total effective lye discount greater than my lye discount,
installed.
For me, under WindowsNT 4.0, that defaults to c:\program files\microsoft
office\templates. Once the template is installed in the templates
directory,
picking File>New off of Excel's menu will pop up a dialog for choosing a
template or wizard for the new workbook. Just pick 'soapsheet.xlt' from
the
General tab, and you are good to go.

2) Why is the total effective lye discount greater than my lye discount,
even
though I specified no superfatting oils?

3) Why is the total effective lye discount different for the scaled
version of
my recipe?

The answer to these two questions has to do with the fact that lye amounts
are
rounded down to the nearest tenth of an ounce, as detailed in "Lye
calculation
and rounding" above. To answer the first question, by way of example: if
you
specify a lye discount of 5%, which puts the lye amount at, for example,
7.39
ounces, the number 7.39 will be rounded down to 7.3, giving you a total
effective lye discount of almost 6.2%. That's a 1.2% higher discount, all
because you lost .09 ounces of lye to rounding. Are you with me so far?
Now on
to question two... The reason why the total effective lye discount may be
a
different value on the scaled version worksheet than the recipe worksheet
is
that the amount being rounded off of the lye amount will almost certainly
change, and it will be a different proportion to the lye amount than in
the
unscaled version. For example: say I have a recipe with a 5% lye
discount,
which puts the lye amount at 8.66 ounces, which rounds down to 8.6, giving
me a
total effective lye discount of around 5.7%. Then I go to the scaled
version
worksheet and double the batch size. Now my 5% discount puts the lye
amount at
17.32 ounces, which rounds down to 17.3, giving me a total effective lye
discount of only about 5.2%. This effect can work the opposite way too,
with
the total effective lye discount going up when you change the batch size.
It is
even more pronounced when you scale down to smaller batch sizes, because
even a
small amount rounded off is a proportionately larger change than in a
large
batch. I hope that makes sense to everyone. There's no way around this
amount at
17.32 ounces, which rounds down to 17.3, giving me a total effective lye
discount of only about 5.2%. This effect can work the opposite way too,
with
the total effective lye discount going up when you change the batch size.
It is
even more pronounced when you scale down to smaller batch sizes, because
even a
small amount rounded off is a proportionately larger change than in a
large
batch. I hope that makes sense to everyone. There's no way around this
without
taking a smaller lye discount than what you originally entered.