ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of “Allah”, the most beneficent and merciful who gave us strength and
knowledge to complete this report. This report is a part of our project in course “PROJECT
AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT”. This has proved to be g great experience.

We would like to express our gratitude to our subject lecture Mrs Nurul Zatulshima
Binti Hashim, who gave us this opportunity to fulfill this report. She gave us moral support
and guided in different matters regarding us the outlines of this report. She gave us moral
support and guided in different matters regarding us the outlines of this report. We patient while
suggesting us the outlines of this report. We thank her for her overall support.

We would like to express our gratitude towards our parents for their kind cooperation
and encouragement which help us in completion of this report. We also like to express our
special gratitude and thanks to industry persons of PEARL HOUSE DESIGN SDN. BHD
expecially Encik Sharul Nizam Bin Lazim and Encik Mohd Saifuddin Bin Yakob for giving us
such attention and time.

Before we finish, we would like to give our deepest thanks to everyone who all
supported us for that we have completed our report effectively and moreover on time. They
gave us many helpful comments which helped us a lot in preparing this report.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ....................................................................................................... 1

2.0 TABLE OF CONTENT .......................................................................................................... 2
3.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3
4.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY .......................................................................................................... 4
4.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................... 4
4.2 BUSINESS POINT OF VIEW................................................................................................ 4
4.3 TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW ........................................................................................... 5
5.0 ARCHITECTURE DRAWING .............................................................................................. 7
6.0 SITE LAYOUT PLAN ........................................................................................................... 8
6.1 DURING CONSTRUCTION ................................................................................................. 8
6.2 POST CONSTRUCTION ...................................................................................................... 9
7.0 WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS)
8.0 ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN ............................................................................................... 10
8.1 CONSULTANT ................................................................................................................... 10
8.2 CONTRACTOR ........................................................................................................................ 12
9.0 UNIFORM BUILDING BY-LAW ...................................................................................... 14
9.1 SPACE, LIGHTING AND VENTILATION ....................................................................... 14
9.2 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................... 15
9.3 CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................... 15
9.4 FIRE REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................ 16
9.5 FIRE ALARM, FIRE DETECTION, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
AND FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS ........................................................................................ 17
10.0 STANDARD CONTRACT.................................................................................................. 19
10.1 TRADITIONAL CONTRACT ........................................................................................... 19
10.2 GENERAL FLOW ............................................................................................................. 20
10.3 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES .......................................................................... 21
11.0 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT .................................................................................. 22
11.1 ROLE OF OWNER ............................................................................................................ 22
11.2 ROLE OF CONTRACTOR ............................................................................................... 23
11.3 POSESSION OF SITE........................................................................................................ 24
11.4 COMPLETION OF WORKS ............................................................................................ 24
11.5 DAMAGES FOR NON-COMPLETION .......................................................................... 25
11.6 DELAY AND EXTENSION OF TIME ............................................................................. 25
11.7 DEFFECT LIABILITY PERIOD ...................................................................................... 25
12.0 SITE SAFETY...................................................................................................................... 26
12.1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 1994 (OSHA)......................................... 26
12.2 SITE PANNING/ IMPLEMENTATION .......................................................................... 29
12.3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) MANAGEMENT
SAFETY SIGNAGES ....................................................................................................... 31
13.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................... 35
14.0 SITE VISIT........................................................................................................................... 36

2
 INTRODUCTION TO SITE

The location of our site is located at Seberang Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang. This site is
recommended to build up Perumahan Berkembar 2 Tingkat, Seberang Perai tengah, Pulau
Pinang. It is owned by ASAS Property and as the Project Manager where this project has to
finish in about 2 years. This project starts on April 2018 and finish on June 2019.

The contractor of this project is ASAS Property. In this site construction, as usual the
organization of contractor’s company must have a site agent, office manager, site engineer,
general foreman and site officer. They have their own responsibility which is quantity take-off
and estimate, construction program, progress report and supervise day-to-day work in site. The
contractor takes full responsibility for the completion of the project.

This site location is the strategic location for houses project because the location
complete with facilities. The target buyer for the project is focus on lecturer and student because
the project is just stone’s throw from UiTM Permatang Pauh and Politeknik Seberang perai.
The concept of construction that the ASAS property used is Traditional Contract. This method
is familiar in Malaysia construction. There are several advantages of traditional contract which
is all tenderers produce a tender base on the same information. Therefore, client may obtain
the best or lowest price through competitive tendering. Besides, the construction cost will be
more accurate since the tender is bases on the complete design and specifications.

Site location for the project double storey house

3
 FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is a proposal prepared by a project manager or architect, civil

engineering, project management or client in house staff to determine the viability of a project
site, from the viewpoint of project objective, business and technical without involving site
measurement and testing. The feasibility study consists of objectives of the project, technical
point of view and business point of view. As an in house staff, we get to determine the viability
of a project site from three different types of viewpoint.

Objectives of the project.

 The client must define the need and objectives of the project in the project brief.

Business point of view.

 Land Valuation
Our group has choose this site location as our site project because of few
perspective which is this location has a potential to be develop as a residential area
because this area is near Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) which is the need for
students to rent houses and staff to buy the houses which are near to the campus. Next,
it is also in the centre of town and surrounded by many facilities. Due to this advantages,
it will attract the people with this residential area.

 Market (Economy) Analyis

We as an owner had identified some factors to make sure whether the profit
margin is worthwhile to proceed the project or not. We manage to identified our
potential buyer for this project which is staffs and students from Universiti Teknologi
MARA (UiTM), Politeknik Seberang Perai, government workers such as school
teachers and many more. They will attracted to buy the house for them to get to work
as the location is very near to the campus, besides that, they can also rent the houses to
the student. Futhermore, they easy to access to the facilities because the residential
houses are locate surrounded by the restaurants, laundry, shopping mart such as Aeon
Big and Tesco.

4
  Risk Analysis
The risk analysis was carried out together with the market analysis, so from that
point, we manage to get that this type of project is being supported by the nearby
residence as it give more advantages to people. Besides that, the population of people
at Seberang Perai Tengah keep increasing, by continuing the project, we can fulfilled
the requirements and demands to cater the population of people.

Technical point of view

 Preliminary investigation.
From the study that we done during the preliminary investigation, we manage
to get drawing and information from the local authority which is Majlis Perbandaran
Sungai Petani (MPSP). The site location that we choose is own by Real Estate
Developer (JKP). From here we know that the future development for the site selection
is constructing the residential houses.

 Site visit.
After the preliminary investigation was done, site visit shall be carried out to
determine the following matters:
1. Location of the site is stranded land where the people here use to used the land
for expo.
2. Site topography and the access drainage for this site are is in a good condition
whereas it is located at a quite high area and there also have access drainage
surround the site.
3. The site is located at the town centre.
4. The population of people in this area is quite big which is more than 400,000
people and may increase in 2020.
5. Economic activities of this area is agricultural such as paddy planting and
industrial such as factories.
6. Surrounding development of this area is a industrial commercial residential due
to industrial activities and also residential around the area.

5
 Technical site suitability factors
1. Accommodation for staff whereas contractor has to build quarters for
accommodation of staff if it is hard to rent.
2. Contractor is responsible to find the local supplier or Sub-contractor because it
can reduce the price of sub-contracting.
3. As the material, plant and labor is available locally, it will ease the construction
while reducing the cost.
4. The site location have a good access road to the for bringing in and out materials,
plant and labour. Besides that, it will also reduce the time of travelling and
decrease our maintenance cost.
5. We have identified that the site location area is a little bit higher than the village
near our location. Thus, it gave our location a lower chances for flood to occur.

6
 CONTRACTOR ORGANISATION CHART

RESIDENT ENGINEER(RE)
Mohd Alif Aizat Bin Zaidi

ASSISTANT RE
Nurul Syazwani Binti Mohd
Azuan

CONTRACTS ENGINEER ASSISTANT ENGINEER

OFFICE MANAGER Ammirul Saffuan Bin Suhaimi
SPECIALIST ENGINEER
Nur Syaza Binti Che Daud

CLERK ACCOUNT CLERKS CLERK OF WORKS SOIL MECHANIC

TYPIST RECORD CLERKS TECHNICAL ASSISTANT CONCRETE

DRAUGHTSMAN STRUCTURE & ETC

10
 DUTIES , RESPONSIBLE AND SKILLS(CONSULTANT)

1. Resident Engineer
 Supervise the planning, coordination and implementation of construction projects.
 Lead the project and supervise staff.
 Ability to understand blueprint and technical diagrams.

2. Assistant Engineer
 Assist the RE with day to day running off the roads and infrastructure work on site.
 Maintain a detailed diary of the day work activities, issues and equipment used, etc.
 Assist the RE in monitoring the contractors progress of works.
 Able to work to deadlines and under pressure.

3. Oiffice Manager
 Maintain office services by organising office operations and procedures.
 Design and implements office policies by establishing standards and procedures.

4. Contract Engineer
 Responsible for conducting reviews and considering legal aspects of contract award
and administration.
 Responsible for preparing and drafting commercial bids and tenders.

5. Assistant engineer
 Supports engineering project by adapting and applying engineering technique ,
conducting test and inspections.
 Resolve engineering problem by collecting and analysing information.

6. Specialist Engineer
 Ability to perform research work and to make comprehensive recommendation on
engineering issues.
 Ability to organize , evaluate and present information effectively.
 Responsible to conduct the special project.

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 CONTRACTOR ORGANISATION CHART

PROJECT MANAGER
MUHD ALIF AIZAT BIN ZAIDI

OFFICE MANAGER SITE ENGINEER

NURUL SYAZWANI BINTI MOHD AMMIRUL SAFFUAN BIN SUHAIMI
AZUAN

SAFETY OFFICER
NUR SYAZA BINTI CHE DAUD SITE SUPERVISOR

LAND SURVEYOUR

SUB-CONTRACTOR SUB-CONTRACTOR SUB-CONTRACTOR

FOUNDATION ARCHITECTURE PLUMBING AND SEWER SUB-CONTRACTOR M & E

WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS

12
 DUTIES , RESPOSIBLES AND SKILLS(CONTRACTOR)

1. Project Manager.
 Planning and monitoring the project.
 Managing project administration.
 Direct , manage and motivate the project team.
 Plan and manage deployment of physical and financial resources to meet project
milestones.

2. Office Manager
 Organising meetings and managing databases.
 Managing office budgets.
 Supervising and monitoring the work of administrative staff.
 Completes operational requirement by scheduling and assigning employees, following
up on work results.

3. Site Engineer
 Make sure designs are applied correctly and liaise with main and sub-contractors and
the site manager.
 Levelling and surveying a site, checking drawings and quantities and ensuring the
accuracy of calculations.
 Produces site diaries report and allocation sheets.
 Make sure the health and safety of workers at site are up results.

4. Site Supervisor
 Prepare budgets, hiring team members, and handling all logistical and operations
duties.
 Maintains an in-depth knowledge of all company and legal safety regulation and
communicates them to all workers.
 Coordinating work schedules and ensuring the timely delivery of goods by external
vendors.
 Meets with his client on a regular basis to provide an up-to-the-minute briefing on the
status of the construction project

13
 UNIFORM BUILDING BY LAWS 1984 (UBBL)

PART III : SPACE, LIGHT AND VENTILATION

32. Space about buildings abutting a street and a backlane.

The open space for buildings abutting a street and backlane shall be not less than one-
third of the built-on area of the building lot for residential buildings.

34. Space about detached buildings.

For this purpose of this by-law a pair of semi-detached buildings shall be deemed to be
one building on a single lot.

35. Access from street

Every building to be erected on a site which does not front a street hall have access
from a street and the means, nature and extent of the access shall be in accordance with a layout
plan approved by the competent planning authority or the local authority.

39. Natural lighting and ventilation.

Every room designed, adapted or used for residential, business or other purposes except
hospitals and schools shall be provided with natural lighting and natural ventilation by means
of one or more windows having a total area of not less than 10% of the clear floor area of such
room and shall have openings capable of allowing a free uninterrupted passage of air of not
less than 5% of such floor area.

42. Minimum area of rooms in residential buildings.

The area of the first habitable room in a residential building shall be not less than 11
square metres, the second habitable room be not less than 9.3 square metres and all other rooms
be not less than 6.5 square metres in area.

44. Height of rooms in residential buildings, shophouses, schools, etc.

The height of rooms in residential buildings for living rooms and bedrooms, must not
less than 2.5 metres, for kitchen must not less than 2.25 metres and for bathroom, water-closets,
latrines, porches, balconies, verandahs, garages and the like, not less than 2 metres.

14
PART V: STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS.

56. Dead loads calculated from weights of materials used.

This law is saying that the dead loads should be calculated from unit weight given in
BS 648 or from the actual known weights of the material used.

57. Weights of partitions.

If there is partition in the plan, the actual weight of the partition should be include in a
dead load.

59. Imposed floor loads.

In designing the floor slab, concentrated load shall be considered to be applied in

position which will produce the maximum stress where we know that deflection is the design
criterion that will produce maximum deflection.

61. Imposed loads on ceilings, skylights and similar structures.

For the purpose of this by-law, ceiling which is built with a space between it and the
structure above it which satisfies the condition of the ceiling is demountable accessible which
the condition is relating to the access to that space.

PART VI: CONSTRUCTIONAL REQUIREMENT.

81. Building site.

No building shall be erected on any site which has been filled up with any matter
impregnated with faecal, animal or vegetable matter, until the whole ground surface or site of
such building such has been rendered or become innocuous and has been covered with a layer
of hill earth, hardcore, clinker or ash rammed solid to at least 0.305 metre thickness.

84. Prevention of dampness.

Suitable measure should be taken to prevent the penetration of dampness and moisture
into the building. Damp proof courses provided need to comply with BS 743 (materials for
Horizontal D.P,C).

15
85. Nominal thickness of walls.

For the purposes of this Part wherever references are made to the thickness of any brick
wall, the maximum or minimum thickness or such wall shall not exceed the nominal thickness
plus or minus the maximum tolerance permissible under any standard specification.

98. Fences and boundary walls.

Fences or walls to the boundaries of detached properties other than the boundary which
abuts the street of backlane shall be constructed to a maximum height of 1.8 metres in the case
of solid fences or walls and to a maximum height of 2.75 metres in the case of fences which
are so constructed as to permit the passage of light and air.

99. Cooking facilities in residential buildings.

Every residential building shall be provided with a kitchen having a properly

constructed fireplace with a flue and chimney as may be required by the local authority. The
chimney and flue shall be continued up above the roof and shall be of thickness all round of
not less than 1.2 metres above the highest point in the line of junction with the roof.

106. Dimensions of staircases.

1. In any staircase, the rise of any staircase shall be not more than 180 millimetres and the
tread shall be not less than 225 millimetres and the dimensions of the rise and the tread
of the staircase so chosen shall be uniform and consistent throughout.
2. The widths of staircases shall be in accordance with by-law 168.
3. The depths of landing shall be not less than the width of the staircases.

108. Maximum flights.

1. In residential buildings, a landing of not less than 1.80 metres in depth shall be provided
in staircases at vertical intervals of not more than 4.25 metres and in all other buildings
there shall be not more than sixteen risers between each such landing.

2. No part in any flight of any staircase shall have less than two risers.

16
115. Roofs coverings and drainage.

All roofs of buildings shall be so constructed as to drain effectually to suitable and

sufficient channels, gutter, chutes or troughs which shall be provided in accordance with the
requirements of these By-laws for receiving and conveying all water which may fall on and
from the roof.

PART VII: FIRE REQUIREMENTS.

141. Separating walls.

No openings shall be made in any separating wall which forms a complete vertical wall
separating any buildings.

142. External walls.

If any external wall is carried across the end of the separating wall, such external wall
and separating wall shall be bonded together or the junction of such walls shall be fire-stopped.

143. Beam or column.

Any beam or column and any structure carrying and external wall which is required to
be constructed of non-combustible material shall be comply with the provisions of paragraph
(3) of by-law 142 as to non-combustibility.

223. Fire resistance for floors above ground floor.

Any floor above the ground level of the house falling within Purpose Group 1 shall, if
the underside of such floor is exposed to test by fire in accordance with BS 476: Part 1: be
capable of satisfying the requirements of that test as to freedom from collapse for a period of
not less than half an hour and as to insulation and resistance to passage of flame for not less
than fifteen minutes.

PART VIII: FIRE ALARMS, FIRE DETECTION, FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT AND

FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS.

225. Detecting and extinguishing fire.

Every building shall be provided with detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire
alarms together with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements. Every building

17
shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest
point of fire brigade access.

227. Portable fire extinguisher,

Portable fire extinguisher shall be provided in accordance with the relevant codes of
practice and shall be sited in prominent positions on exit routes to be visible from all directions
and similar extinguisher in a building shall be of the same method of operation.

250. Natural draught smoke vent.

Natural draught smoke venting shall utilise roof vents or vents in walls at or near the
ceiling level. Such vents shall normally be in open positions of if they are closed they shall be
so designed to open automatically by an approved means in the event of a fire.

PART IX: MISCELLANEOUS.

256. Buildings exempted.

Except for by-lay 141 and paragraph (2) of by-law 225 the provisions under part VII
and VIII of these by-laws shall not apply to private dwelling houses, detached or semi-detached
and terrace houses intended for single family occupancies.

258. Failure to buildings.

In the cause of any failure to any building or part of the building, whether in the course
of construction or after completion, the qualified person which is the person who submitted the
plans, drawings or calculations for such building, supervised the setting out of such building,
certified that the setting out was carried out in accordance with the approved site plan,
supervised the construction of such building and certified that the proper supervision of such
building as carried out should submit such further information in such manner and within such
period as may be specified by the local authority.

18
STANDARD CONTRACT (TRADISIONAL CONTRACT)

The construction of this project, Perumahan berkembar 2 tingkat, Seberang Perai

Tengah, Pulau Pinang are using conventional consultant contract, in other words is traditional
contract. The client, which is ASAS Property appointed the contractor based on the criteria.
In this construction project, ASAS construction, had been appointed as the contractor and
PHDB Sdn. Bhd, and some other consultant agencies had been chosen as the consultant which
involved in designing the buildings. The ASAS contractor will appoint their own subcontractor
to divide the work into small department in order to reduce the construction period.

The client first appoints consultants to design the project in detail and then prepare tender
documentation, including drawings, work schedules and bills of quantities. Contractors are
then invited to submit tenders for the construction of the project, usually on a single-stage,
competitive basis. This may be referred to as a 'traditional contract'. The contractor is not
responsible for the design, other than temporary works, although some traditional contracts do
provide for the contractor to design specific parts of the works.

Typically, the client retains the design consultants during the construction phase to prepare any
additional design information that may be required, to review any designs that might be
prepared by the contractor, and to inspect the works. Normally, one consultant (often, but not
necessarily, the architect) will be appointed to administer the contract.

Traditional construction contracts are most commonly lump-sum contracts, however,

measurement contracts and cost reimbursement contracts can also be used for ‘traditional’
projects where design and construction are separate, sequential activities.

This form of procurement is suitable for both experienced and inexperienced clients. Fully
developing the design before tender gives the client certainty about design quality and cost, but
it can be slower than other forms of contracting, and as the contractor is appointed only once
the design is complete, they are not able to help improve the buildability and packaging of
proposals as they develop.

19
 It is considered to be a low risk method of contracting for the client, as the contractor takes the
financial risk for construction. However, if design information is incomplete at tender, or if
significant variations are required after the contractor has been appointed, the cost to the client
can be significant. Because of this, and because of the separation of design and construction,
traditional procurement can be seen as adversarial.

The most common forms of traditional contract remain the JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal)
Standard Building Contract, Intermediate Building Contract and Minor Works Building
Contract.

GENERAL FLOWCHART OF TRADITIONAL CONTRACT

CLIENT/OWNER

CONSULTANT
(ARCHITECT, CIVIL ENGINEER, QS)

MAIN CONTRACTOR

(MC)

SUB-CONTRACTOR NOMINATED NOMINATED SUPPLIER

SUB-CONTRACTOR
(SC) (NSC) (NS)

20
 ADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL METHOD

Traditional method usually come out with high quality works since the client has the
closer control to the works. For example, the consultant team must provide a design which
meet the requirements of the client. Besides, due to the advices and construction expertise that
provide by the consultant and contractor, client may compare and consider which design and
budget is more suitable for the project.

In traditional method, all tenderers produce a tender base on the same information.
Therefore, client may obtain the best or lowest price through competitive tendering. Besides,
the construction cost will be more accurate since the tender is bases on the complete design
and specifications.

If compare with other procurement method, traditional method will be easier to be

adopted. It is because this method had been commonly used for a long time, so both contractor
and consultant team are familiar to solve or solve or face the risks during the procurement state
of a construction progress.

DISADVANTAGES OF TRADITIONAL METHOD

For traditional method, client may hard to manage the project since he need to communicate
with few parties at the same time. For example, the consultant and contractor do not have
contractual relationship, hence if they need to communicate with each other, they must
communicate with the client first, which is very inconvenience. There may be
miscommunication since the client need to communicate with so many organization too.

Traditional method requires longer period to complete the project it is because the tender will
be provided after the design is fully completed. Furthermore, if problems occur, consultant and
contractor may shirk the responsibility to each other. The argument and problems may need a
long time to be settled.

21
 CONDITION OF CONTRACT PWD FORM 203A

Conditions of contract define the terms under which the work is to be carried out, the
relationship between the client and contractor, the powers of the Engineer and terms of
payment. Conditions of contract (PWD FORM 203A) is used when Bills of Quantities form a
part of the contract. There are two traditional forms of contract based on Drawings and
Specification (203) or Bills of Quantities (203A) produced for usage in public sector or
government projects in both building and civil engineering works.

1.0 The role of owner to PWD FORM 203A.

CLAUSE DESCRIPTIONS
Clause 71.1 This contract and all such drawings, record, data, books, reports and all
matters should be considered as confidential matter and shall not to be
disclose to third party without prior written mutual agreement.
Clause 38.2 Unless the contract document shall otherwise provide, possession of the
site as complete as may reasonably be possible but not so as to constitute
a tenancy, shall be given on or before the “Date of Posession” stated in
the Letter of Acceptance to the Contractor who shall thereupon and
forthwith commence the works (but subject to clause 38.1) and regularly
and diligently proceed with and complete the works on or before the Date
for completion as stated in Appendix.
Clause 28.6 Within a number of days as stated in Apendix (or if none stated then
within thirty (30) days of the issue of any such Interim Certificate), the
Government should make a payment to the contractor.
Clause 5.1 (c) The S.O may from time to time issue further drawings, details and/or
written instructions (all of which are hereafter collectively referred to as
S.O’s instructions in regard to the removal from the site of any materials
or goods brought there on by the contractor and the substitutions of any
other materials or goods.
Clause 5.1 (e) S.O shall instruct the contractor to dismiss from the works of any person
Clause 23.6 (b) mentioned in clause 23.6 hereof employed. From clause 23.6 (b) the S.O
Clause 51.1 (b) shall be at liberty to object to and require the contractor to remove
immediately from the site any person employed by the contractor in or
about the execution of the works who in the opinion of the S.O

22
 misconducts himself or is incompetent or negligence in the proper
performance of his duties. Such person shall not again be employed upon
the works without the prior written permission of the S.O. From the
clause 51.1 (b) if the contractor fails to remedy the breach within such
period, the government shall have the right to forthwith terminate this
contract by giving a written notice to that effect.
Clause 5.1 (f) S.O shall instruct the contractor to open up for inspection of any work
Clause 10.1 (k) covered up. From the clause 10.1 (k), the contractor shall carry out any
other obligations and responsibilities under this contract.
Clause 50.1 (a) The S.O may at any time instruct the contractor to suspend part or all the
works.

2.0 The role of contractor to PWD FORM 203A.

CLAUSE DESCRIPTIONS
Clause 10.0 (a) The contractor shall construct, complete, test and commission the works
in accordance with the specifications, contract drawings and any other
documents specified in the contract documents.
Clause 6.2 The contractor shall also undertake any consequential work in relation to
the construction and completion of works on the site. The shall reimburse
the contractor for such costs by adding it to the contract sum provided
that such cost have not already been included in the contract sum by way
of a provisional sum or otherwise.
Clause 19.2 If at any time during the progress of the works any error in the positions,
levels, dimensions or alignments of any oart of the works is discovered,
the contractor shall at his own expense rectify such error unless such error
is based on incorrect data supplied in writing by the S.O’s representative
in which case the expense of rectifying shall be borne by the government.
Clause 10.0 (d) The contractor shall perform the works and discharge its obligations as
Clause 23.6 (a) contained in this contract by exercising professional judgement and
practise, requisite skill, care and diligence. In performing the works, the
contractor shall provide well-outlines procedures in the form agreed by
the government for reporting and co-ordination purposes. As from clause

23
 23.6 (a) the contractor shall employ in and about the execution of the
works only such persons as are of good character, careful, skilled and
experienced in their respective vocations and trades.
Clause 10.1 (f) The contractor shall inform the government immediately in writing of the
occurrence of any factor or event, which is likely to affect the works.
Such notification shall not be construed as a discharge of any of the
contractor’s obligations under this contract.
Clause 8.2 (a) The contract documents are to be taken as mutually explanatory of one
another. The contractor shall provide everything necessary for the proper
execution of the works until its completion according to the true intent
and meaning of the contract documents taken together whether the true
intent and meaning may or may not be particularly shown or described
provided that it can be reasonably inferred therefrom.
Clause 60.2 (a) The S.O shall not nominate as a sub-contractor or a supplier in connection
with the works which a person against whom the contractor shall make
in writing within twenty one 9210 days from the date of the S.O’s
instruction under clause 60.1 hereof what the S.O considers to be
reasonable objection.

POSESSION OF SITE (CLAUSE 38)

1. No work under this contract should be commence unless and until the Performance
Bond stipulated under clause 13 and such insurance policy as specified under clauses
15 and 18 shall have been deposited with the government or S.O.
2. The possession of site shall be given on or before the “Date for Possession” stated in
Letter of Acceptance to the contractor and “Date of Completion” shall be calculated
accordingly from the said “Date of Posession”.

COMPLETION OF WORKS (CLAUSE 39)

1. The contractor shall complete the whole of the works on or before the “Date of
Completion” or extended time as may be allowed under clause 43.
2. When the whole works have reached practical completion according to S.O satisfaction,
such date shall be the commencement date of Defect Liability Period (DLP) as under
clause 48. The “Certificate of Practical Completion” shall be issued.

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DAMAGES FOR NON-COMPLETION (CLAUSE 40)

1. If the contractor shall complete the works by “Date for Completion” or within any
extended time under clause 43, S.O shall issue the “Certificate of Non-completion”.
Contractor shall pay government a sum calculated at the rate stated in Appendix as
Liquidated and Ascertained Damages (LAD) for the period during which the works
remained incomplete. S.O. may deduct from any monies which is due to Contractor.
2. Liquidated and Ascertained Damages (LAD) defined as the penalty imposed for
failure contractor to complete the work by the Date of Completion as stated in the
Contract Documents or after Extension of Time (E.O.T) is granted.

DELAY AND EXTENSION OF TIME (CLAUSE 43)

1. By reason of any exceptionally inclement weather.

2. By reason of S.O. directions, consequential upon disputes with neighbouring owners.
3. By reason of Contractor not receive in due time necessary instructions or drawings.
4. By reason of delay in giving possession of site.

DEFECT LIABILITY PERIOD (CLAUSE 48)

1. Defect Liability Period (DLP) is a period where the contractor shall make good the
defects at his own costs against any defect, imperfection, shrinkage, or any other faults
which may appear and which are due to materials or goods or workmanship not in
accordance with this contract.
2. S.O shall specify in Schedule of Defects and deliver to Contractor not later than 14 days
after the expiration of DLP. Contractor shall make good not later than three (3) months
after the receipt of the said Schedule.

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 12.0 SITE SAFETY
Construction Safety Division (CSD), DOSH Headquarters and Construction Work Section
(CWS) are the department that involved in ensuring the site safety. Construction sector, being
an important economic driver of the country, has always been regarded as hazardous industry
compared to other industries due to the nature of activities involve at the worksites. From
excavation works to structural and exterior works, workers are exposed to high risks of
accidents mostly involving fall from height, hit by falling objects, lifting operations, and
electrocution. An accident types more prone to occur during construction and the causes for
falling accidents were human factors, environment factors, material factors, equipment factors
and safety technology factors. Construction work has been increasing in developing and
undeveloped countries over the past few years. With an increase in this type of work
occupational fatalities have increased. Occupational fatalities are individuals who die while on
the job or performing work related tasks. Within the field of construction it is important to have
safe construction sites.

12.1OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ACT 1994 AND

CONSTRUCTION REGULATIONS.

The cornerstone of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) is the
principle of self-regulation, consultation and active participation of workers. Self-regulation is
a principle that requires the employer and other duty holders (employee, designer,
manufacturer and supplier) under the Act to formulate the best working rules and procedures
relating to activities undertaken at the workplace based on the enforced duty provisions
(general and specific duties) provided in the Act. Management aspects (basically Plan Do
Check and Act), particularly risk management and risk assessment plans are the cardinal
principle of self-regulatory philosophy and the relevant matters to be managed by the employer
are generally stipulated in section 15 of the OSHA 1994, followed by other specific duties.

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12.1.1 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH ACT 1994

PARTY/SECTIO DESCRIPTION PENALTY

N
Section 1(2) & Scope of Application
First Schedule
Section 15 General duties of employers and self- Max. RM50, 000.00; or
employed persons to their employees. Max. 2 years
imprisonment or Both
Section 16 Duty to formulate safety and health policy - ditto -

Section 17 General duties of employers and self- - ditto -

employed persons to persons other their
employees.

Section 18 General duties for an occupier of a place of - ditto -

work to persons that his employees.

Section 24 General duties of employees at work Max. RM1, 0000.00; or

Max. 3 months
imprisonment or Both
Section 25 Duties not to interfere or misuse things Max. RM20, 0000.00;
provided pursuant to certain provisions. or Max. 2 years
imprisonment or Both
Section 26 Duties not to change employees for things Max. RM10, 0000.00;
done or provided. or Max. 1 year
imprisonment or Both
Section 27 Discrimination against employee, etc. - ditto -

Section 29 Safety and Health Officer Max. RM5, 0000.00; or

Max. 6 months
imprisonment or Both
Section 30 Establishment of Safety & Health Committee. - ditto -

Section 32 Notification of accidents, dangerous Max. RM10, 0000.00;

occurrence, occupational poisoning and or Max. 1 year
occupational diseases and inquiry. imprisonment or Both

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 REGULATIONS DESCRIPTION PENALTY
OSH (Employers’ Safety Employers with than 5
& Health General Policy workers are exempted from the
- NIL -
Statements) (Exceptions) duties stipulated under Section
Regulations 1995 16, OSHA 1994
OSH (Control of Employer to make Max. RM50, 0000.00; or
Industrial Major Accident arrangements for handling Max. 2 years
Hazards) Regulations 1996 emergency at the workplace. imprisonment or Both
Under certain conditions,
OSH (Safety & Health Max. RM5, 0000.00; or
employer shall establish and
Committee) Regulation Max. 6 months
maintain workspace Safety &
1996 imprisonment or Both
Health Committee.
Employer to employ
competent person as Safety &
Max. RM5, 0000.00; or
OSH (Safety & Health Health Officer and other duties
Max. 6 months
Officer) Regulation 1997 in ensuring such personnel
imprisonment or Both
could perform his duties
effectively.
Define class of industry to Max. RM5, 0000.00; or
OSH (Safety & Health
appoint competent Safety & Max. 6 months
Officer) Orders 1997
Health Officer. imprisonment or Both
OSH (Prohibition of Use of Max. RM10, 0000.00; or
Certain substances are
Substances) Max. 1 year
prohibited to be used.
Regulations 1999 imprisonment or Both
OSH (Use and Standard of Employer to monitor
Max. RM5, 0000.00; or
Exposure of Chemical employers’ health if there are
Max. 6 months
Hazardous to Health) chemicals being used in the
imprisonment or Both
Regulations 2000 workspace.
Employers to notify JKKP for
OSH (Notification of
all accidents, dangerous
Accident, Dangerous Max. RM10, 0000.00; or
occurrences, occupational
Occupational Poisoning & Max. 1 year
poisoning and occupational
Occupational Disease) imprisonment or Both
diseases occurred at the
Regulations 2004
workspace.

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 SITE PLANNING / IMPLEMENTATION
UTILISING PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OUTPUT
– SITE LAYOUT

Information obtained from preliminary assessment will enable decisions to be made on site
layout. Details will vary depending on operations to be undertaken and the environment but
the following will be provided as a guide.

a) Site Security
The need to protect the public from site hazards, the provisions of security and
the location of the site (e.g. whether the site is in densely populated area) are
considerations affecting the choice of fencing. Particular account must be taken of the
need to prevent children straying on the site. The site should be provided with suitable
perimeter fencing. In certain circumstances the local authorities should be consulted in
order to determine the height of the perimeter fencing.
In general, the standard of fencing required for a particular site will depend on
the hazards and environmental conditions of the worksite as well as its location. Some
factors to consider include: building height (more than 1 storey); location near shops,
offices, schools, residential areas; whether there are any trenches and trench depth;
whether the site is vacant outside work hours.

Levels of risk may be categorised as follows:

High risk – Areas that the public would normally access or pass through such
as inner city areas. It is necessary to prevent public access to the work site.

Medium risk – Areas with moderate public traffic such as sub-urban residential
areas. It is necessary to restrict access to the worksite and provide warning of
the hazard.

Low risk – Areas with minimal public access such as rural areas requires a
lower level of protection.

b) Car Parking
Consideration should be given in parking facilities either on or off site.
c) Temporary Structure
Adequate space must be allowed for lifting towers and for scaffolding and other support
work.

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d) Safe Access
Safe access and good visibility for plant and vehicles entering and leaving the site must
be ensured, where possible pedestrian should be excluded from vehicles access ways.
Trained banksman should be used on busy highway near public footpaths and elsewhere
if reversing in necessary. One-way systems or other means to controlling site transport
and avoiding the need to reverse should be considered. The conditions both vehicles
are pedestrian routes must be maintained in good order. Suitable warning and
directional signs must be posted.

e) Storage of Materials
Location of store and storage areas will be determined by the availability of space, the
nature of the materials and any statutory requirements e.g. relation to highly flammable
materials or explosives. Considerations must be given to suitable off-loading areas and
lifting equipment.

f) Lifting Appliances
Physical features on the site, building under construction and environmental constraints
will determine positioning of cranes, hoist and other lifting appliances.

g) Temporary Accommodations
Adequate roads or paths must be provided to all temporary accommodation
- Offices, welfare facilities, compounds and workshops. The special problems of
stacked accommodation
- Fire precautions, escape route, rubbish build up
- Must be appreciated.

h) Temporary Services
The positioning and marking of temporary services should be carefully undertaken to
avoid possibility of accidental damage.

i) Waste Management
Rubbish dumping area must be allocated. Arrangement for regular disposal must be
determined particularly for scheduled waste.
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 12.2PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) MANAGEMET / SAFETY
SIGNAGES
12.2.1 SELECTION PPE

Every employer should assess the need for personal protection equipment on the basic of risk.
Once risk has been assessed, personal protective equipment can be selected according to
availability, appropriateness and suitability for the wearer.

Every employer must be aware of:

a) The need for provision of personal protective equipment;

b) Training in the use of personal protective equipment;
c) Standards which apply to personal protective equipment;
d) The system of control over the supply allocation, maintenance and repair of personal
protective equipment, and documentation.

Employers should perform a risk assessment to identify the risks of injury and illness created
by the work under assessment. Risk should be controlled by the hierarchy of control as
discussed in the earlier part. Personal protective equipment selected performs its task
effectively.

When selecting personal protective equipment for a particular work process or series of tasks,
consider the following general principles:

a) Be familiar with the risks of the work process. This will involve evaluation of the risk,
and the circumstances and restrictions of the tasks to be performed.
b) Be aware of the acceptable level of risk to which the worker may be exposed and hence
the performance requirement of the chosen equipment. Compare performance
requirement with the capability of different types of personal protective equipment.
c) Make sure that the item chosen is appropriate to the risk. That is, make sure that the
items selected will provide an adequate level of protection against the risks present and
will not create additional safety or health concerns.
d) Where several types of personal protective equipment required to control multiple risks
presented by the one work process, make sure that the items are compatible, for
example ear muffs with a hard hat.
e) Make sure that the item fixed properly as, ‘inadequate fit’ can limit an item’s protective
capability. Respiratory protective equipment, for example, requires a good facial seal.

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 Selective decision can be influenced by weather the items needs to be individually fitted
by a professional.
f) Consider workers’ medical conditions, which can influence whether they can use
certain items of equipment.
g) Consider the comfort of the item when choosing equipment. Comfort is an important
factor in ensuring its use.
h) Make that the item is warn correctly. Equipment is more likely to be worn correctly if
it is easy to be used/or wear.
i) Consult with those workers and others who must wear the equipment when choosing
the item(s). Where practical, consider worker’s individual characteristics and
preferences for styles of equipment. Involving the users of the equipment in the
selection process should enhance user acceptance.
j) Give performance to items of personal protective equipment, which comply with the
relevant standards.

12.2.2 MAINTENANCE & STORAGE OF PPE

Store personal protective equipment in a clean and fully operational condition. Storage
arrangement should ensure that the equipment is safe from interference and damage, and it is
easy accessible when needed. Items of personal protective equipment should also be checked
regularly, as specified by the manufacturer or supplier, to determine that they are in a
serviceable condition, both during store and in use.

Maintain personal protective equipment in a condition that ensures its continued effective
operation. Repair or discard damage or defective personal protective equipment.

Institute a program to ensure that personal protective equipment is being properly maintained.

As part of the maintenance program, determine and record:

a) Maintenance duties and responsibility

b) Designation of personnel
c) Storage procedures
d) Cleaning procedures
e) Checking procedures
f) Information about the duration of protection from gloves, respiratory canisters
g) Criteria for replacement.

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 12.2.3 STANDARD COLOURS CODES FOR SIGNAGES

Amongst other, Section 15(2)(c) of Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994 require employers
and self-employed person to provide information and instruction to his/her employees; while
Section 17(2) of the same Act define responsibility of occupier of a work space to provide
information to other persons such a visitor and the public on the manner in which he/she is
carrying out his/her undertaking.

With the multi background of construction workers, safety signs play vital role in disseminating
information and instruction to the workers and others. The purpose of hazard and safe signs is
to draw attention to object and situation which may affect or could affect safety or health.
Unfortunately, safety signs being used on most construction sites are various types and
standards.

In some instances the signs are hardly to be interpreted and understood. Thus beat the purposes
of posting such signs.

As a guideline the following should be considered when designing and producing safety signs.
The use of safety signs. The use of safety signs should not be taken as an ultimate measure or
as a replacement for appropriate accident prevention measures.

a) STANDARD COLOUR & DESIGNS

i. Definitions
 Safety Colour
A colour to which a specific safety or health meaning or purpose in assigned.
 Contrasting Colour
A colour that contract with the safety colour in order to make the latter more
conspicuous.
 Symbols
A pictorial that representation used on a safety or health sign.
 Safety Signs
A sign that gives a massage about safety and health by a combination of
geometric form, safety colour and symbol or text or both.
 Prohibition Signs
A safety sign that indicates that certain behaviour is prohibited.

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  Warning Signs
A safety sign that gives warning of a hazard.
 Mandatory Signs
A safety sign that indicates that a specific course of action is to be taken.
 Safe Condition Signs
A safety sign that provides information about safe condition.
 Supplementary Signs
A sign with text only that ay be used in conjunction with a safety signs in order
to provide additional information.

ii. Safety Colours and Contrasting Colours

 General
The safety colours which shall be used and the meanings which shall be
assigned to them as in table below.

MEANING CONTRASTIN
SAFETY SYMBOL
OR EXAMPLES OF USE G COLOUR (IF
COLOURS COLOUR
PURPOSE REQUIRED)
- Stop sign
Stop - Identification & Colour
RED White Black
Prohibition of Emergency Shutdown
- Prohibition signs
- Indication of Hazards
(fire explosion, etc.)
Caution,
- Warning sing
YELLOW Risk of Black Black
- Identification of
Danger
Threshold, Dangerous
Passages, etc.
- Mandatory Signs
Mandatory
BLUE - Obligation to Wear PPE, White White
Action
etc.
- Identification of Safety
Safe Showers, First Aid Posts
GREEN White White
Condition and Rescue Points.
- Emergency Exit Signs

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 CONCLUSION

The primary goal of this report is to differentiate job functions and role of the various players
in the construction industry with an awareness of safety and health. Our team decided to choose
Contractor as our role play. Each member has their own role play; Project Manager, Site
Engineer, Office Manager, and Safety Officer. The difference between all these role play are
their duties and responsibilities.

The project that we choose is to build up Perumahan berkembar 2 tingkat, Seberang

Perai Tengah, Pulau Pinang. It is owned by ASAS Property .The project manager is ASAS
Property and the contractor for this project is ASAS Property. This project starts on April 2018
and finish on June 2019. In this project, we use the traditional contract to complete the task.

We also learned to use the Microsoft Project software. Tools provided in the Microsoft
Project software to instantly format vast of items are critical path and display link between
dependent tasks. Next, safety and health must be considered during the construction. It does
not matter whether the work is as small as possible, safety and health is number one. We must
determine the likelihood of an accident occurring before it happen on site. All the site
construction should refer to OSHA management system to ensure safety and comply with
regulation.

To conclude, every role is equally important to make sure that the project runs smoothly
without having any risks to social and environment.

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 SITE VISIT (FOR SAMPLE)

A site visit to Batu Kawan, Seberang Perai Selatan was held on 20th April 2018. The
project is to construct 20 units of factory semi-detached. As usual, basic and regulations was
applied. We wore the proper PPE which is Personal Protective Equipment such as safety helmet
and safety boots to ensure our safety during at site. Upon arrival to the site, we were briefed on
the rules throughout the visit and the safety practised by the Project Manager, Mr Shahrunizam.

Mr Shahrunizam also shared with us about their project management, what they do
from the first stage and until the current stage. He also told us few problems that occurred
during construction and how to overcome the problems in any way so that the project will
complete in a given time and not having the delayed. As we all know, the delayed can give a
big impact to the company in terms of cost and wastage.

The span for this project is 450 days of development. It has been construct with 40%
completion. After briefing, we were brought to the site by Site Supervisor, Mr Saifuddin.
Throughout the site visit, we know about some construction process and methods use at the
site. He also shared with us about the different types of bricks, and the defects occurred at the
structure element due to some problems. There were questions and answer session within us
and Mr Saifuddin and he was willing to share with us everything that we asked him.

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BACKGROUND OF SITE PROJECT

Project Title CADANGAN MEMBINA DAN MENYIAPKAN SEKIM

PEMBANGUNAN INDUSTRI KECIL DAN SEDERHANA
FASA 4A, DI ATAS SEBAHAGIAN LOT 282, MUKIM 13,
BATU KAWAN, SEBERANG PERAI SELATAN, PULAU
PINANG.
YANG TERDIRI DARIPADA:
A) 20 UNIT KILANG 2-TINGKAT BERKEMBAR (PLOT
A03-A22)
Owner Perbadanan Pembangunan Pulau Pinang

Civil and Structural Pintar Daya Consultancy Sdn Bhd

Engineers

Architect Pintar Daya Consultancy Sdn Bhd

Mechanical and Pintar Daya Consultancy Sdn Bhd

Electrical Engineers
Quantity Surveyor Bahagian Rekabentuk dan Pembangunan, Perbadanan
Pembangunan Pulau Pinang
Contractor Pearl House Design Sdn Bhd

Duration of the Project 457 days

Project Start 16 October 2017

Completion Project 15 January 2019

37
Figure 1 Short explanation from site supervisor.

Figure 2 Column for ground floor.

38
Figure 3 Preparing slab for ground floor.

Figure 4 Column and beam for first floor.

39