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 Blue → Infinitive ,
 Dark Red → Irregular Verbs In The Simple Past
 Red → Negation
 Dark Green → Auxiliary
 Purple → Past Participle
 Orange → Ending
 Light Green → Signal Word

Examples
Tense Signal words Use Form Examples affirmative Examples negative
interrogative
 something happens repeatedly
 how often something happens I work. I don't work. Do I work?
Every day
sometimes  one action follows another
Infinitive
always often  things in general He works. He doesn't work. Does he work?
Simple
usually seldom  with verbs like (to love, to hate,
Present He/She/It:
never to think, etc.) I go. I don't go. Do I go?
Infinitive + S
 future meaning: timetables,
First ... Then programmes He goes. He doesn't go. Does he go?

 something is happening at the


I'm working. I'm not working. Am I working?
Now at the same time of speaking or around
moment it
He's working. He isn't working. Is he working?
Present  future meaning: when you Be (Am/Are/Is) +
Progressive Look! have already decided and Infinitive + Ing
I'm going. I'm not going. Am I going?
arranged to do it (a fixed plan,
Listen! date)
He's going. He isn't going. Is he going?

Regular: I worked. I didn't work. Did I work?


Infinitive + Ed
action took place in the past,
Last ... ... He worked. He didn't work. Did he work?
Simple mostly connected with an
Ago in 1990 Irregular:
Past expression of time (no connection
yesterday (2nd Column Of I went. I didn't go. Did I go?
to the present)
Table Of
Irregular Verbs) He went. He didn't go. Did he go?
 an action happened in the I was working. I wasn't working. Was I working?
middle of another action
 someone was doing sth. at a He was working. He wasn't working. Was he working?
Past Was/Were +
While certain time (in the past) - you
Progressive Infinitive + Ing
don't know whether it was I was going. I wasn't going. Was I going?
finished or not
He was going. He wasn't going. Was he going?
Just yet  you say that sth. has happened I have worked. I haven't worked. Have I worked?
never ever Have/Has + Past
or is finished in the past and it
Simple already so Participle*
has a connection to the present He has worked. He hasn’t worked. Has he worked?
Present far, up to
 action started in the past and
Perfect now, since *(Infinitive + Ed)
continues up to the present I have gone. I haven't gone. Have I gone?
for Or (3rd Column
recently

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Of Table Of He has gone. He hasn’t gone. Has he gone?
Irregular Verbs)
I haven't been
All day
 action began in the past and I have been working. working. Have I been working?
The whole day has just stopped
Present  how long the action has been He has been working. He hasn't been Has he been working?
Have/Has + Been
Perfect How long happening working.
+ Infinitive + Ing
Progressive I have been going. Have I been going?
Since emphasis: length of time of an I haven't been going.
action He has been going. Has he been going?
For
He hasn't been going.
 mostly when two actions in a
Had + Past I had worked. I hadn't worked. Had I worked?
story are related to each other:
Already Participle*
the action which had already
He had worked. He hadn't worked. Had he worked?
Simple Past happened is put into Past
Just *(Infinitive + Ed)
Perfect Perfect, the other action into
Or (3rd Column I had gone. I hadn't gone. Had I gone?
Simple Past
Never Of Table Of
 the past of the Present Perfect
Irregular Verbs) He had gone. He hadn't gone. Had he gone?

I hadn't been working.


I had been working. Had I been working?
How long He hadn't been
how long something had been He had been working. Had he been working?
Past Perfect Had + Been + working.
Since happening before something else
Progressive Infinitive + Ing
happened I had been going. Had I been going?
For I hadn't been going.

He had been going. Had he been going?


He hadn't been going.
 predictions about the future
I'll work. I won't work. Will I work?
(you think that sth will happen)
 you decide to do sth.
He'll work. He won't work. Will he work?
 spontaneously at the time of
will - future Will + Infinitive
speaking
I'll go. I won't go. Will I go?
 main clause in type I of the
Conditional sentences
He'll go. He won't go. Will he go?

I'm not going to work.


I'm going to work. Am I going to work?
 when you have already decided
He's not going to
to do sth. in the future Be (Am/Are/Is) + He's going to work. Is he going to work?
going to - work.
 what you think what will Going To +
future
happen Infinitive I'm going to go. Am I going to go?
I'm not going to go.

He's going to go. Is he going to go?


He's not going to go.
 An action will be in progress at I'll be working. I won't be working. Will I be working?
a certain time in the future. This
action has begun before the He'll be working. He won't be working. Will he be working?
Future Will + Be +
certain time.
Progressive Infinitive + Ing
 Something happens because it I'll be going. I won't be going. Will I be going?
normally happens.
He'll be going. He won't be going. Will he be going?
I'll have worked. I won't have worked. Will I have worked?
Future sth. will already have happened Will + Have +
Perfect before a certain time in the Past Participle*
He'll have worked. He won't have worked. Will he have worked?
Simple future

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*(Infinitive + Ed) I'll have gone. I won't have gone. Will I have gone?
Or (3rd Column
Of Table Of He'll have gone. He won't have gone. Will he have gone?
Irregular Verbs)
I won't have been Will I have been
working. working?
I'll have been working.
sth. will already have happened
He won't have been Will he have been
before a certain time in the He'll have been
Future Will + Have + working. working?
future working.
Perfect Been + Infinitive
Progressive + Ing I won't have been Will I have been
emphasis: length of time of an I'll have been going.
going. going?
action
He'll have been going.
He won't have been Will he have been
going. going?
I would work. I wouldn't work. Would I work?

 sth. that might happen


He would work. He wouldn't work. Would he work?
Conditional  main clause in type II of the Would +
Simple Conditional sentences Infinitive
I would go. I wouldn't go. Would I work?

He would go. He wouldn't go. Would he work?


I wouldn't be working.
I would be working. Would I be working?

sth. that might happen He wouldn't be


He would be working. Would he be working?
Conditional Would + Be + working.
Progressive emphasis: length of time of an Infinitive + Ing
I would be going. Would I be going?
action I wouldn't be going.

He would be going. Would he be going?


He wouldn't be going.
I wouldn't have
I would have worked. worked. Would I have worked?
Would + Have +
 sth. that might have happened Past Participle*
He would have He wouldn't have Would he have
in the past
Conditional worked. worked. worked?
 main clause in type III of the *(Infinitive + Ed)
Perfect
Conditional sentences Or (3rd Column
I would have gone. I wouldn't have gone. Would I have gone?
Of Table Of
Irregular Verbs)
He would have gone. He wouldn't have Would he have gone?
gone.
I would have been I wouldn't have been Would I have been
working. working. working?

sth. that might have happened in He would have been He wouldn't have been Would he have been
Conditional the past Would + Have + working. working. working?
Perfect Been + Infinitive
Progressive emphasis: length of time of an + Ing I would have been I wouldn't have been Would I have been
action going. going. going?

He would have been He wouldn't have been Would he have


going. going. been going?

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