PAST TENSE

When to use it?

To talk about events that began and ended in the past .

Thepossible ways to
use it :

0 Past simple
p Imperfect (past
progressive/past
continuous)
A
Past perfect
I
Past perfect progressive
(past perfect continuous)

v
Today's Class is just about this one.
It's the most common one
.
 Past simple
When to use it?
·
When the action has ended and,
-hacer
A
·
if it happened in the past .

How does the verb change in the conjugation?

⑩
tar(i)
ser /es

0
Verb to be -

was i Questions and negative form

O
-

-
WAS /WERE
-
I 1 enBare "DID.
-

Affirmative Negative Question Question Negative Affirmative

I I was I wasn't Was !: Any pron .

Did I No, I didn't yes, I did
-

I
ne/shelit He was He wasn't Was her Did you: No, you didn't yes you did
,
cualquier
you/we/they you were you weren't were you: pronombre Did he: No, he didn't yes he did
,

Did she: No, she didn't yes she did

,

I yo era estaba
Did it? No, it didn't yes, it did
was-

am 40 soy /estoy
Did wes No, we didn't Yes
, we did

Did they? No, they didn't yes they did

,

you weren't / were not

Was I?

were you :
 Regular verbs

·
The past tense is normally formed by
adding -
(or just -

-
d if the verb ends in-el

*
to the infinitive .

> infinitive Sin Conjugar -> Caminar

-

Talked, jumped, started waved, closed, believed

-

·
If the verb ends with a short vowel and is accented on the last syllable, its final consonant
is doubled .

stopped, planned

⑧
If it ends in-7, the-y usually changes to-i .
IIf a vowel precedes the-y, the-y doesn't

changel -

Y > vocal
try->tried I study- studied played, prated, preyed
Red ⑭ ed
D -

Try -> 1
 Important rule!
If you ⑧
already used the 'did' to indicate it's past tense, the verb doesn't need to be conjuga-
play noun .

ted , it remains being infinitive .

jugar
~fe
Obra

tocar

I didn't go to your house .

They practiced their play e
all weekend .

-
-

I went to your house . They didn't practice their play all weekend .
M
-infinitivo
in 9

your dog destroyed my shoes

-
.

you didn't remember it .

Did your dog destroy my shoes :

remembed it -
-
7

0
you . Do you

0 ↳Your dog
= ↑

Did you remember it: remember did destroyed my shoes

-
An
ed
-
Irregular verbs -

&

I
Did I think Did you

0
a thought: = remembered!
* ~
I ⑦
-
did think
I thought (yopensé 2
·

I
w

↑
I & enjoy/love this party

⑳I love this .

I do0
I don't
V
 Irregular Verbs
The following list shows the infinitive, past-tense, and past-participle forms for the irregular verbs in
this dictionary. All verbs with the same final element are grouped together; thus, outdo, overdo, redo,
and undo all appear immediately after do rather than in alphabetical order.
A regular English verb forms its past tense and past participle by adding -ed to its infinitive: for exam­
ple, trust ("We trust her"), trusted ("In those days we trusted her"), trusted ("We have always trusted
her"). A verb is considered regular if, when the -ed is added,

⑧
• the infinitive's final consonant is doubled (stop, stopped, stopped)
its final silent -e is dropped (die, died, died)
Merriam
•

• its final -y changes to -i- (hurry, hurried, hurried) Websters

its final -c changes to -ck- (panic, panicked, panicked)
•
Dictionary
A verb is considered irregular if

• either the past tense or the past participle lacks -ed (swim, swam, swum; mean, meant, meant)
• either the past tense or the past participle has a variant form that lacks -ed (burn, burned or

↓ burnt, burned or burnt)

E
PAST PAST
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE
be was, were been bust busted also Brit busted also Brit
bear bore borne bust bust
*forbear forbore forborne buy bought bought
beat beat beaten or chiefly cast cast cast
US beat *broadcast broadcast broadcast
*browbeat browbeat browbeaten *forecast forecast also forecast also
begin began begun forecasted forecasted
bend bent bent *miscast miscast miscast
*unbend unbent unbent *recast recast recast
beseech besought or besought or *telecast telecast telecast
beseeched beseeched *typecast typecast typecast
bet bet also betted bet also betted catch caught caught
bid (to express) bade or bid bidden or bid cc cc'd cc'd
*forbid forbade or forbidden choose chose chosen
forbad cleave (to cleaved or clove cleaved
bid (to offer) bid bid adhere)
*outbid outbid outbid cleave (to split) cleaved also cleaved also cleft
bind bound bound cleft or clove or cloven
*unbind unbound unbound cling clung clung
bite bit bitten clothe clothed also clothed also clad
bleed bled bled clad
blow blew blown come came come
break broke broken *become became become
*housebreak housebroke housebroken *overcome overcame overcome
breed bred bred cost cost cost
*crossbreed crossbred crossbred creep crept crept
*interbreed interbred interbred cut cut cut
bring brought brought *undercut undercut undercut
build built built deal dealt dealt
*rebuild rebuilt rebuilt dig dug dug
burn burned or burned or burnt dive dived or chiefly dived or chiefly US
burnt US dove dove
*sunburn sunburned or sunburned or do did done
sunburnt sunburnt *outdo outdid outdone
burst burst also burst also bursted *overdo overdid overdone
bursted *redo redid redone

1953
1954 Irregular Verbs

PAST PAST
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE
*undo undid undone *behold beheld beheld
draw drew drawn *uphold upheld upheld
*overdraw overdrew overdrawn *withhold withheld withheld
*redraw redrew redrawn hurt hurt hurt
*withdraw withdrew withdrawn keep kept kept
dream dreamed or dreamed or kneel knelt also knelt also chiefly
dreamt dreamt chiefly US USkneeled
drink drank drunk kneeled
drive drove driven knit knit or knitted knit or knitted
*test-drive test-drove test-driven know knew known
dwell dwelled or dwelled or dwelt lay laid laid
dwelt *inlay inlaid inlaid
eat ate eaten *mislay mislaid mislaid
*overeat overate overeaten *overlay overlaid overlaid
fall fell fallen *underlay underlaid underlaid
*befall befell befallen *waylay waylaid waylaid
feed fed fed lead led led
*bottle-feed bottle-fed bottle-fed *mislead misled misled
*force-feed force-fed force-fed lean leaned or Brit leaned or Brit leant
*overfeed overfed overfed leant
*spoon-feed spoon-fed spoon-fed leap leapt or leaped leapt or leaped
feel felt felt learn learned also learned also chiefly
fight fought fought chiefly Brit Brit learnt
find found found learnt
fit (to be right) fitted or chiefly fitted or chiefly leave left left
USfit us fit lend lent lent
flee fled fled let let let
fling flung flung *sublet sublet sublet
fly flew flown lie (to recline) lay lain
*overfly overflew overflown *overlie overlay overlain
forsake forsook forsaken *underlie underlay underlain
freeze froze frozen light lighted or lit lighted or lit
*unfreeze unfroze unfrozen *spotlight spotlighted or spotlighted or
get got got or USgotten spotlit spotlit
*beget begot also begotten or begot lose lost lost
begat make made made
*forget forgot forgotten or *remake remade remade
forgot mean meant meant
gild gilded or gilt gilded or gilt meet met met
gird girded also girt girded also girt mow mowed mowed or mown
give gave given offset offset offset
*forgive forgave forgiven pay paid paid
go went gone *overpay overpaid overpaid
*forgo forwent forgone *prepay prepaid prepaid
*undergo underwent undergone *repay repaid repaid
grind ground ground *underpay underpaid underpaid
grow grew grown plead pleaded or pied pleaded or pied
*outgrow outgrew outgrown prove proved proved or chiefly
*overgrow overgrew overgrown USproven
hang (to hung or hanged hung or hanged *disprove disproved or disproved or chiefly
suspend} chiefly US USdisproven
*overhang overhung overhung dis proven
have had had put put put
hear heard heard *input inputted or inputted or input
*mishear misheard misheard input
*overhear overheard overheard *output output output
heave heaved also heaved also hove quit quit also quit also quitted
hove quitted
hew hewed hewed or hewn read read read
hide hid hidden or hid *lip-read lip-read lip-read
hit hit hit *misread misread misread
*switch-hit switch-hit switch-hit *proofread proofread proofread
hold held held *reread reread reread
 Irregular Verbs 1955

PAST PAST
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE
*sight-read sight-read sight-read slit slit slit
rend rent also US rent also US smell smelled or Brit smelled or Brit
rended rended smelt smelt
rid rid also ridded rid also ridded smite smote smitten
ride rode ridden sneak sneaked or sneaked or chiefly
*override overrode overridden chiefly US USsnuck
ring (to sound) rang rung snuck
rise rose risen sow sowed sown or sowed
*arise arose arisen speak spoke spoken
run ran run *bespeak bespoke bespoken
*outrun outran outrun speed sped or speeded sped or speeded
*overrun overran overrun spell spelled or spelled or chiefly
*rerun reran rerun chiefly Brit Brit spelt
saw sawed sawed or Brit spelt
sawn *misspell misspelled or misspelled or
say said said chiefly Brit chiefly Brit
see saw seen misspelt misspelt
*foresee foresaw foreseen spend spent spent
*oversee oversaw overseen *misspend misspent misspent
seek sought sought *outspend outspent outspent
sell sold sold *overspend overspent overspent
*outsell outsold outsold spill chiefly US chiefly USspilled
*oversell oversold oversold spilled or or chiefly Brit
*resell resold resold chiefly Brit spilt
*undersell undersold undersold spilt
send sent sent spin spun spun
set set set spit (to eject spat or chiefly spat or chiefly US
*beset beset beset saliva) USspit spit
*inset inset inset split split split
*reset reset reset spoil spoiled or spoiled or chiefly
*upset upset upset chiefly Brit Brit spoilt
sew sewed sewn or sewed spoilt
shake shook shaken spread spread spread
shave shaved shaved or shaven spring sprang or sprung
shear sheared sheared or shorn sprung
shed shed shed stand stood stood
shine shone or chiefly shone or chiefly *misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
USshined USshined *understand understood understood
*outshine outshone or outshone or *withstand withstood withstood
outshined outshined stave staved also staved also stove
shit shit or shat shit or shat stove
shoe shod also shod also chiefly steal stole stolen
chiefly US USshoed stick stuck stuck
shoed sting stung stung
shoot shot shot stink stank or stunk stunk
*overshoot overshot overshot strew strewed strewed or strewn
show showed shown or showed *bestrew bestrewed bestrewn or
shrink shrank or shrunk or bestrewed
shrunk shrunken stride strode stridden
shut shut shut *bestride bestrode bestridden
sing sang or sung sung strike struck struck also
sink sank or sunk sunk stricken
sit sat sat string strung strung
*babysit babysat babysat *hamstring hamstrung hamstrung
*resit resat resat strive strove also striven or strived
slay slew also slayed slain strived
sleep slept slept swear swore sworn
*oversleep overslept overslept *forswear forswore forsworn
slide slid slid sweat sweat or sweat or sweated
*backslide backslid backslid sweated
sling slung slung sweep swept swept
slink slunk also US slunk also US swell swelled swelled or swollen
slinked slinked swim swam swum
1956 Irregular Verbs

PAST PAST
INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE INFINITIVE PAST PARTICIPLE
swing swung swung wake woke also woken or waked
take took taken waked also woke
*mistake mistook mistaken *awake awoke awoken
*overtake overtook overtaken wear wore worn
*partake partook partaken weave wove or weaved woven or weaved
*retake retook retaken *interweave interwove interwoven
*undertake undertook undertaken wed wedded also wedded also wed
teach taught taught wed
tear (to rip) tore torn weep wept wept
tell told told wet wet or wetted wet or wetted
*foretell foretold foretold win won won
*retell retold retold wind (to wound wound
think thought thought encircle)
*rethink rethought rethought *rewind rewound rewound
thrive thrived or thrived also *unwind unwound unwound
old-fashioned old-fashioned wring wrung wrung
throve thriven write wrote written
throw threw thrown *ghostwrite ghostwrote ghostwritten
*overthrow overthrew overthrown *overwrite overwrote overwritten
thrust thrust thrust *rewrite rewrote rewritten
tread trod also trodden or trod *underwrite underwrote underwritten
treaded