BE - (am/is/are) SIMPLE PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEM

SUBJECT Be contraction SUBJECT

I am I'm I
He He's He
She is She's She
It It's It
We We're We
You are You're You
They They're They
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEM

SUBJECT Be + not short forms short forms SUBJECT

I am not I'm I I
He He's He He
She is not She's She isn't She
It It's not It It
We We're We We
You are not You're You aren't You
They They're They They

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIO

Be SUBJECT DO / DOES

am I Do
He
is She Does
It
We
are You Do
They

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWER

Be
YES SUBJECT Be NO
contraction
not YES / NO

I am I'm

Yes, No, not Yes,

 He He's
She is She's
Yes, It No, It's not Yes,
We We're
You are You're
They They're

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QUESTION
WH - WORD Be SUBJECT WH - WORD

am I
He
Where is She Where
How
How often It often
What We What
How
How much are You much
They

W Be S C W

S Be C

Be S C

YES/NO S Be
SIMPLE PRESENT PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
F VERB SUBJECT Be
work I am
He
works She is
Often It
We
work You are
They
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES BASE FORM OF F SUBJECT Be
NOT VERB
do not
(don't) I am
does not He
(doesn't) She is
work Often It
do not We
(don't) You are
They

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIONS

BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT VERB
Be SUBJECT
I am I
He He
She is She
It work often? It
We We
You are You
They They

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWERS

DO DOES / DO DOES /
SUBJECT DON'T DOESN'T
YES / NO SUBJECT DON'T DOESN'T
YES / NO SUBJECT

I do I don't I

No, Yes,
 He He He
She does She doesn't She
It No, It Yes, It
We We We
You do You don't You
They They They

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM OF
DO / DOES SUBJECT F
VERB
WH - WORD Be
do I am
He
does She Where is
It Often work? Why
We What
do You Who are
They

do S F V C

S F V C

do S F V C

YES/NO S do
 PROGRESSIVE I have …/ I've got ….
RMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF VERB +
-ING
SUBJECT have / has
working I have
doing He
eating She has
running now It
writing We
having You have
listening They
GATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF
NOT + VERB + -ING
SUBJECT Be + not

working I have not

(haven't)

doing He has not

eating She (hasn't)
not running now It
writing have not
having You (haven't)
listening They

S / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIONS

BASE FORM OF VERB +
-ING
DO / DOES SUBJECT
working have I
doing He
eating has She
running now? It
writing We
having have You
listening They

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWERS

DO DOES /
DO DOES / DON'T
DOESN'T
YES / NO SUBJECT DON'T YES / NO SUBJECT
DOESN'T
am I'm I

No, not Yes,

 He's He
is She's She
No, It's not Yes, It
We're We
are You're You
They'r They
e

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT VERB + -ING
WH - WORD DO / DOES
I
He doing
She eating
It running now?
We writing
You having
They listening
/ I've got …. SIMPLE PAST TENS
VE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEME
SUBJECT have / has short form SUBJECT
I have got (I've got) I
He (He's got) He
She has got (She's got) She
It (It's got) It
We (We've got) We
You have got (You've got) You
They (They've got) They
E STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEME
short forms SUBJECT

I
He
She
got It
We
You
They

O QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIO

BASE FORM
OF VERB Be
was

was
got?

were

T ANSWERS SHORT ANSWER

DO DOES / DO DOES /
DON'T YES / NO SUBJECT DON'T YES / NO
DOESN'T DOESN'T
have I haven't

No, Yes,
 He
has She hasn't
No, It Yes,
We
have You haven't
They

QUESTIONS WH - QU
SUBJECT WH - WORD

Where
Why
When
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: BE SIMPLE PAST TENSE:
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE ST
BASE FORM OF
Be VERB + -ING
SUBJECT
was I
He
was She
famous. It
We
were You
They
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEG
Be not SUBJECT

wasn't I
He
wasn't She
famous. It
We
weren't You
They

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO

BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT DO / DOES
VERB + -ING
I
He
She
It famous? Did
We
You
They

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT AN

DO DOES /
DO DOES / DON'T
SUBJECT DOESN'T
YES / NO SUBJECT DON'T YES / NO
DOESN'T
I was I wasn't

No, Yes,
He He
She was She wasn't
It No, It Yes,
We We
You You
were weren't
They They

WH - QUESTIONS W
BASE FORM OF VERB
Be SUBJECT WH - WORD
+ -ING
was I
He
was She What
It famous? how
We Where
were You
They

0.8
80
64

20

20
5
100
MPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
VERB SIMPLE
PAST
played
started
watched
had
saw
did
went
NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DID NOT BASE FORM OF VERB

play
start
did not watch
(didn't) have
see
do
go

YES / NO QUESTIONS
SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
I play
He start
She watch
It have ?
We see
You do
They go

SHORT ANSWERS
DO DOES / DON'T DO DOES / DON'T
SUBJECT DOESN'T
YES / NO SUBJECT DOESN'T
I I

did No, didn't

He He
She She
It did No, It didn't
We We
You You
They They

WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM
DO / DOES SUBJECT
OF VERB
I play
He start
She watch
did It have
We see
You do
They go
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT VERB

like
I work
We live
You watch
They do
have
Often
likes
He works
She lives
It watches
does
has

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES
SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
NOT

I
We do not
You (don't) like
They work
live
Often
watch
He do
She does not have
It (doesn't)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
DO / DOES SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
 I
Do We
You like
They work
live
Often?
watch
He do
Does She have
It

SHORT ANSWERS
DO DOES / DON'T
YES / NO SUBJECT
DOESN'T

Yes, I do
We
You
No, They don't

Yes, He does
She
It
No, doesn't

WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM
WH - WORD DO / DOES SUBJECT
OF VERB

I
We
Do
You like
Where They work
How often live
Often
What watch
How much He do
Does
 Often

She have
Does
It
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE SIMPLE PAST
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE ST
BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT Be VERB + -ING
SUBJECT

I am I
We We
You doing You
are
They eating They
running
now.
writing
He having He
She listening She
is
It It

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STA

BASE FORM OF VERB
SUBJECT Be NOT +
+ -ING
SUBJECT

I am I
We We
You doing You
are
They eating They
running
not now.
writing
He having He
She listening She
is
It It

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QU

BASE FORM OF
Be SUBJECT
VERB + -ING Be
 am I was
We
You doing
are were
They eating
running
now?
writing
He having
She listening
is was
It

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT AN

YES / NO SUBJECT BE / BE NOT YES / NO

Yes, am Yes,
No, I 'm not No,
We
Yes, are Yes,
You
They
No, aren't No,

Yes, He is Yes,
She
It
No, isn't No,

WH - QUESTIONS WH
BASE FORM OF VERB
WH - WORD Be SUBJECT WH - WORD
+ -ING

am I
We
You doing
are
Where They eating Where
Why running Why
now?
What writing When
Who He having
is
 now?

She listening
is
It
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: BE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF
Be VERB + -ING
SUBJECT

was I
We
You
were
They
famous.

He
She
was
It

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STA

Be not SUBJECT

wasn't I
We
You
weren't
They

famous.
He
She
wasn't
It

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIO

BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT DO / DOES
VERB + -ING
 I
We
You
They

famous? Did
He
She
It

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWERS

SUBJECT BE / BE NOT YES / NO

was
I wasn't
We Yes,
were
You
They
weren't

He was
She No,
It
wasn't

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QUES
BASE FORM OF VERB
Be SUBJECT WH - WORD
+ -ING

was I
We
You
were
They What
how
famous?
Where
He
was
 famous?

She
was
It
MPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS PRESENT PROGRESSIV
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STA
VERB SIMPLE
PAST
SUBJECT Be

I am
played We
started You
are
watched They
had
saw
did He
went She
is
It

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE S

DID NOT BASE FORM OF VERB SUBJECT Be

I am
play We
start You
are
watch They
did not have
(didn't) see
do He
go She
is
It

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUES

SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB Be SUBJECT
 I am I
We We
You play You
are
They start They
watch
?
have
He see He
She do She
is
It go It

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWERS

SUBJECT DID / DIDN'T YES / NO SUBJECT

Yes,
I No, I
We did. We
Yes,
You You
They They
No,

He Yes, He
She didn't. She
It It
No,

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QU
BASE FORM
DO / DOES SUBJECT WH - WORD Be
OF VERB

I am
We
You play
are
They start Where
watch Why
did
have What
He see Who
is
did

She do
is
It go
T PROGRESSIVE
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF
VERB + -ING

doing
eating
running
now.
writing
having
listening

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF VERB
NOT +
+ -ING

doing
eating
running
not now.
writing
having
listening

YES / NO QUESTIONS
BASE FORM OF
VERB + -ING
 doing
eating
running
now?
writing
having
listening

ORT ANSWERS
BE / BE NOT

am
'm not
are

aren't

is

isn't

WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM OF VERB
SUBJECT
+ -ING

I
We
You doing
They eating
running
now?
writing
He having
 now?

She listening
It
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

SUBJECT VERB

like
I work
We live
You watch
They do
have
Often
likes
He works
She lives
It watches
does
has

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES BASE FORM
SUBJECT
NOT OF VERB

I
We do not
You (don't) like
They work
live
Often
watch
He do
She does not have
It (doesn't)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
DO / DOES SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
 I
Do We
You like
They work
live
Often?
watch
He do
Does She have
It

SHORT ANSWERS

DO DOES / DON'T
YES / NO SUBJECT
DOESN'T

Yes, I do
We
You
No, They don't

Yes, He does
She
It
No, doesn't

WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM
WH - WORD DO / DOES SUBJECT
OF VERB

I
We
Do
You like
Where They work
How often live
Often
What watch

Does
 Often
How much He do
She have
Does
It
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE SIMPLE PAST
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE ST
BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT Be VERB + -ING
SUBJECT

I am I
We We
You doing You
are
They eating They
running
now.
writing
He having He
She listening She
is
It It

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STA

BASE FORM OF VERB
SUBJECT Be NOT +
+ -ING
SUBJECT

I am I
We We
You doing You
are
They eating They
running
not now.
writing
He having He
She listening She
is
It It

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QU

BASE FORM OF
Be SUBJECT
VERB + -ING Be
 am I was
We
You doing
are were
They eating
running
now?
writing
He having
She listening
is was
It

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT AN

YES / NO SUBJECT BE / BE NOT YES / NO

Yes, am Yes,
No, I 'm not No,
We
Yes, are Yes,
You
They
No, aren't No,

Yes, He is Yes,
She
It
No, isn't No,

WH - QUESTIONS WH
BASE FORM OF VERB
WH - WORD Be SUBJECT WH - WORD
+ -ING

am I
We
You doing
are
Where They eating Where
Why running Why
now?
What writing When

is
 now?
Who He having
She listening
is
It
SIMPLE PAST TENSE: BE SIMPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
BASE FORM OF
Be VERB + -ING
SUBJECT

was I
We
You
were
They
famous.

He
She
was
It

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STA

Be not SUBJECT

wasn't I
We
You
weren't
They

famous.
He
She
wasn't
It

YES / NO QUESTIONS YES / NO QUESTIO

BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT DO / DOES
VERB + -ING
 I
We Do
You
They

famous?
He
She Does
It

SHORT ANSWERS SHORT ANSWERS

SUBJECT BE / BE NOT YES / NO

was
I wasn't Yes,
We
were
You
They No,
weren't

He was Yes,
She
It
wasn't No,

WH - QUESTIONS WH - QUES
BASE FORM OF VERB
Be SUBJECT WH - WORD
+ -ING

was I
We
You
were
They
When
famous?
Why

was
 famous?
He
She
was
It
MPLE PAST TENSE: REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS

VERB

moved
traveled
Often
came
left

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES BASE FORM
NOT OF VERB

do not
(don't) like
work
live
Often
watch
do
does not have
(doesn't)

YES / NO QUESTIONS
SUBJECT BASE FORM OF VERB
 I
We
You like
They work
live
Often?
watch
He do
She have
It

often,
SHORT ANSWERS sometimes,
seldom
DO DOES / DON'T
SUBJECT never
DOESN'T
every
day/week/mon
do th/…
I
We
You
They don't

He does
She
It
doesn't

WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM
DO / DOES SUBJECT
OF VERB

like
move work
traveled live
did Often
came watch
did Often
left do
have
 The Tenses
The simple Tenses
1. Present Simple S + V 1 (s, es)
2. Past Simple S + V2
3. Future Simple S + will, shall + V1

The Continuous (Progressive) Tenses

1.Present Continuous S + is, am, are + Ving
2.Past Continuous (Progressive) S + was, were + Ving
3.Future Continuous (Progressive) S + will, shall + be + Ving

The Perfect Tenses

1.Present Perfect S + has, have + V3
2.Past Perfect S + had + V3
3.Future Perfect S + will, shall + have + V3

The Perfect Continuous Tenses

1.Present Perfect Continuous S + has, have + been + Ving
2.Past Perfect Continuous S + had + been + Ving
3.Future Perfect Contunuous S + will, shall + have been + Ving
 Simple
present
Introducción
El simple present (también llamado present simple o present tense) corresponde al presente del indicativo esp
expresar acciones del presente que se producen una vez o repetidamente, suceden consecutivamente, tienen
vienen establecidas por un calendario, horario o programa.

Uso
situaciones que se producen de forma regular o habitual (always, never, rarely, often)

Ejemplo:
He plays football every Tuesday.
acciones consecutivas

Ejemplo:
After school Colin goes home, packs his bag, puts on his football shirt and then he goes to football tra
situaciones con validez general

Ejemplo:
A forward tries to score goals for his team.
actividades futuras que siguen alguna planificación determinada, un horario definido o algún tipo de pro

Ejemplo:
The bus leaves at half past four.
His training starts at five o’clock.
verbos modales, estáticos y verbos relacionados con el pensamiento o la memoria.

Ejemplo:
Colin likes football.
He is a forward.
 Formación
En las frases afirmativas se utiliza el verbo en infinitivo. Sólo se añade una s en la tercera persona del singular.
negativa e interrogativa habrá que añadir el verbo auxiliar do (o does para la tercera persona del singular) al in

Ejemplo con el verbo speak

interrogati
afirmativa negativa
va
I do not
I/you/we/they I speak Do I speak?
speak
he does not Does he
he/she/it he speaks speak speak?
Excepciones en la construcción de la 3ª persona del singular
en o o en un fonema sibilante (ch, sh) se añadirá es.

Ejemplo:
do – he does
wash – she washes
(pero si está después de una vocal la y no cambia).

Ejemplo:
worry – he worries
(sin embargo: play – he plays)
must. Se mantienen invariables en todas sus formas.

Ejemplo:
he can swim
she must go
Los verbos be/have
be
El verbo be es irregular en todas sus formas. En las oraciones negativas e interrogativas no se necesita el uso de u
interrogati
afirmativa negativa
va
I I am I am not Am I?
he/she/it he is he is not Is he?
you/we/they you are you are not Are you?
have
Para have hay dos construcciones posibles: have y have got.
interrogati
afirmativa negativa
va

I do not Do I
I have/I
I/you/we/they have/I have have?/Have
have got not got I got?
 he does not Does he
he has/he
he/she/it have/he has have?/Has
has got not got he got?
Uso de have got
Have got es una expresión hecha que indica posesión o pertenencia en inglés británico. No se utiliza en inglés
Formas abreviadas
En el inglés, y principalmente en la lengua hablada, se unen los pronombres a ciertos verbos, otorgándoles un ma
Forma
Forma completa Ejemplo
abreviada
I’m (not)
am (not) …’m (not) (nicht: I
amn’t)
are …’re you’re

…’re not/… we’re

are not not/we
aren’t aren’t
is …’s he’s
…’s not/… she’s
is not isn’t not/she isn’t
have …’ve they’ve
…’ve not/… I’ve not/I
have not haven’t haven’t
has …’s she’s
…’s not/… he’s not/he
has not hasn’t hasn’t
do not don’t you don’t
does not doesn’t it doesn’t
Info
La forma abreviada de are sólo se puede utilizar junto a pronombres y no junto a otro tipo de palabras.
Ejemplo:
They’re interested in football.
(pero no: The boys’re interested in football.)
Indicadores
always, normally, usually
often, sometimes, seldom
never
every day/week/month/…
Ejercicios
Simple present - ejercicios
Simple present - ejercicios generales
al presente del indicativo español y se utiliza para
en consecutivamente, tienen validez general o

nd then he goes to football training.

o definido o algún tipo de programa establecido.

 tercera persona del singular. Para las formas
era persona del singular) al infinitivo.

vas no se necesita el uso de un verbo auxiliar.

 tánico. No se utiliza en inglés estadounidense.

os verbos, otorgándoles un matiz más natural.

a otro tipo de palabras.

 Simpl
e
past
Introducción
El simple past o past simple/past tense (pretérito perfecto simple) sirve para describir acciones que tuvieron lugar
Last month a girl from China joined our class. She came in, introduced herself, and began to talk about her countr
If I spoke Chinese, I would love to go on a holiday to China.

Uso
acción que se produjo una o varias veces en el pasado

Ejemplo:
Last month a girl from China joined our class.
She showed us where she was from on a map.
acciones que tuvieron lugar de forma consecutiva en el pasado

Ejemplo:
She came in, introduced herself, and began to talk about her country.
una nueva acción que interrumpe otra que ya estaba teniendo lugar

Ejemplo:
While she was talking about her home town, the school bell suddenly rang.
oración condicional tipo II (casos en los que en español se usa el pretérito imperfecto del subjuntivo)

Ejemplo:
If I spoke Chinese, I would like to go on holiday to China.
Formación
El simple past se forma igual para todas las personas. Solo se diferencia entre verbos regulares e irregulares. En la
Ejemplo con los verbos play y speak
interrogati
afirmativa negativa
va
verbo I did not
I played Did I play?
regular play
verbo I did not
I spoke Did I speak?
irregular speak
Verbos regulares: excepciones
 Cuando el verbo acaba en e, se añade simplemente d.

Ejemplo:
love – loved (y no: loveed)
Después de una vocal con pronunciación corta, se dobla la consonante final.

Ejemplo:
admit – admited
En inglés británico la l final siempre se dobla cuando va detrás de una vocal (pero en inglés norteamericano, no

Ejemplo:
travel – travelled (inglés británico), traveled (inglés norteamericano)
La y al final de la palabra se transforma en i.

Ejemplo:
hurry – hurried
El verbo "be"
interrogati
afirmativa negativa
va
I/he/she/it I was I was not Was I?
you/we/the you were you were Were you?
y not

Indicadores
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day, last Friday
subordinada condicional tipo II (If I talked, …)
Ejercicios
Simple past - ejercicios
Simple past - ejercicios generales
cribir acciones que tuvieron lugar una o varias veces seguidas, consecutivamente o interrumpiendo una acción que ya estaba teniendo lug
nd began to talk about her country. She showed us where she was from on a map. While she was talking about her home town, the school

perfecto del subjuntivo)

rbos regulares e irregulares. En las frases negativas y las interrogativas, el verbo se mantiene en infinitivo y es el verbo auxiliar do el que se
pero en inglés norteamericano, no).
 cción que ya estaba teniendo lugar. En español podrá traducirse por un pretérito perfecto simple (acciones puntuales) o por un pretérito im
about her home town, the school bell suddenly rang.

y es el verbo auxiliar do el que se conjuga en pasado (= did).

es puntuales) o por un pretérito imperfecto (acciones repetidas o continuadas del pasado).
 AFFIRMATIVE
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS STATEMENTS
SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT
I travel. I Often
We
You
They
He Often He
She travels She
It It
We
You travel.
They

NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT
NOT VERB
I
Do Not
You
He
She Does Not
Travel Often
It
We
You Do Not
They

YES / NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWER

SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT
I Yes,
Do
You No,
He
Yes,
Does She
Travel Often?
It No,
We
Yes,
Do You
They No,
 WH - QUESTIONS
SUBJECT VERB
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
FIRMATIVE
afirmativa negativa
ATEMENTS
I/you/we/th I speak I do not
VERB ey speak
he does not
travel. he/she/it he speaks speak

travels

travel.

SHORT ANSWERS
VERB
I
Do
You
He Does
She Doesn't.
It
We
You Do Not
They
interrogati
va
Do I speak?
Does he
speak?
 AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES BASE FORM
SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT
NOT OF VERB

like
I work I
We live We do not
You watch You (don't) like
They do They work
have live
Often?
likes watch
He works He do
She lives She does not have
It watches It (doesn't)
does
has
 YES / NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
BASE FORM OF DO DOES / DON'T
DO / DOES SUBJECT YES / NO SUBJECT
VERB DOESN'T

I Yes, I do
Do We We
You like You
They work No, They don't
live
Often?
watch
He do Yes, He does
Does She have She
It It
No, doesn't

always,
normally,
usually
often,
sometimes,
seldom
never
every
day/week/
month/…
 WH - QUESTIONS
BASE FORM
WH - WORD DO / DOES SUBJECT
OF VERB

I
We
Do
You like
Where They work
How often live
Often
What watch
How much He do
She have
Does
It
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEMENTS
DO NOT / DOES
SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT
NOT

like
I work I
We live We do not
You watch You (don't)
They do They
have
Often
likes
He works He
She lives She does not
It watches It (doesn't)
does
has

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS NEGATIVE STATEMENTS

BASE FORM OF
SUBJECT Be SUBJECT Be NOT +
VERB + -ING

I am I am

We We
You are doing You are
They eating They
running
now. not
writing
He having He
She listening She
is is
 is is
It It
VE STATEMENTS YES / NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
BASE FORM OF BASE FORM OF
DO / DOES SUBJECT YES / NO
VERB VERB

I Yes,
Do We
like You like
work They work No,
live live
Often Often?
watch watch
do He do Yes,
have Does She have
It
No,

VE STATEMENTS YES / NO QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS

BASE FORM OF BASE FORM OF

Be SUBJECT YES / NO
VERB + -ING VERB + -ING

am I Yes,
No,
We
Yes,
doing are You doing
eating They eating
No,
running running
now. now?
writing writing
having He having Yes,
listening She listening
is
is
It
No,
SHORT ANSWERS WH - QUESTIONS
DO DOES / DON'T BASE FORM
SUBJECT WH - WORD DO / DOES SUBJECT
DOESN'T OF VERB

I do I
We We
Do
You You like
They don't Where They work
How often live
Often
What watch
He does How much He do
She She have
Does
It It
doesn't

SHORT ANSWERS WH - QUESTIONS

BASE FORM
SUBJECT BE / BE NOT WH - WORD Be SUBJECT OF VERB +
-ING
I am am
'm not I
We We
are
You are You doing
They Where They eating
aren't
Why running
now?
What writing
He is Who He having
She She listenin
is
 is
It It
isn't

always,
normally,
usually
often,
sometimes,
seldom
never
every
day/week/mon
th/…
EXPRESIONES EXPRESAR DESEO Y FAVORITOS

Expresando lo que quieres

Utiliza want + noun para decir que alguien desea algo. Recuerda agregar s a want después de he, she o it.

I want a hamburger. Quiero una hamburguesa.

She wants some ice cream. Ella quiere un helado.
They want dessert. Ellos quieren postre.
They don't want coffee. Ellos no quieren café.

Utiliza preguntas como las siguientes para preguntarle a alguien lo que quiere.

What do you want? ¿Qué quieres?

Do you want some water? ¿Quieres agua?
Does he want a salad? ¿Él quiere una ensalada?

Expresando favoritos

Utiliza el adjetivo favorite para hablar de las cosas que te gustan más, incluyendo la comida.

What's your favorite food? ¿Cuál es tu comida favorita?

Pizza's my favorite food. Mi comida favorita es la pizza.
His favorite is chocolate. Su comida favorita es el chocolate.
She wants some pasta. Ella quiere pasta.
My favorite food is rice. Mi comida favorita es el arroz

What does the woman want?

Who wants water?
Do you want water? ¿Quieres agua?

LINDA: What do you want? How about a salad?

BILL: Mmm, no. I don't want a salad. I want a hamburger. It's my favorite fo
LINDA: OK … I want chicken and rice.
WAITER: Can I help you?
LINDA: Yes, I want the chicken and rice. And some water, please.
BILL: And I want the hamburger and french fries, please. And some coffee.
WAITER: So, that's the chicken and rice, and a hamburger and french fries.
LINDA: Yes.
WAITER: And water, and coffee.
LINDA: Yes, thanks .

GRAMATICA SUSTANTIVOS CONTABLES Y NO CONTABLES

Sustantivos contables e incontables

Algunos sustantivos pueden contarse, otros no. Los sustantivos que pueden contarse (por ejemplo, apples y ham

Utiliza los artículos a y an para los sustantivos contables singulares.

a hamburger = one hamburger (… two hamburgers, three hamburgers)

an apple = one apple (… two apples, three apples)

Utiliza some con los sustantivos contables plurales para un número no específico.

some hamburgers algunas hamburguesas

some carrots algunas zanahorias

También utiliza some antes de sustantivos incontables como rice, water y beef.

some rice algo de arroz

some water un poco de agua
some beef algo de carne de res

I want some beef.

She wants an apple.

Do you want some rice?

He wants a hamburger.

Do you want some carrots?

I want a carrot.

Do you want some rice? ¿Quieres un poco de arroz?

Imperativos

Utiliza la forma imperativa de un verbo para dar órdenes o hacer peticiones. La forma imperativa es la misma que

Cut the vegetables. Corta los vegetales.

Slice the bread. Rebanada de pan.
Give me the vegetables. Dame los vegetales.
Pass me the knife. Pásame el cuchillo.

Coloca don't delante de un imperativo para dar una orden en negativo. Por escrito, puedes poner un signo de exc
 Don't cut the vegetables too small. No cortes los vegetales muy chiquitos.
Don't be lazy! ¡No seas flojo(a)!

Utiliza please para hacer los imperativos más amables. Please puede ir al principio o al final de una oración impe

Please give me the cheese. Por favor dame el queso.

Help me, please. Ayúdame, por favor.
 t después de he, she o it.

mida favorita?
ita es la pizza.
rita es el chocolate.

ita es el arroz

hamburger. It's my favorite food.

me water, please.
s, please. And some coffee.
mburger and french fries.
rse (por ejemplo, apples y hamburgers) se llaman sustantivos contables. Los sustantivos que no se pueden contar (por ejemplo, rice o w

hamburgers)

oco de arroz?

ma imperativa es la misma que la forma base de un verbo.

, puedes poner un signo de exclamación ( ! ) para enfatizar la frase.

getales muy chiquitos.

o o al final de una oración imperativa. Pon una coma (,) antes deplease si lo utilizas al final de una oración.
den contar (por ejemplo, rice o water) son los sustantivos no contables.
 90 2.24 201.6
215 3.24 696.6
860 3.24 2786.4
499 3.24 1616.76
399 3.24 1292.76
 Cou
Este curs

LESSON

1. Meeting Manoli

2. Where’s Manoli from?

3. What’s your job?

REVISION

4. Manoli’s family

5. Do you speak 
Spanish?

6. Luis’s Day
6. Luis’s Day

REVISION

7. Meeting Angeles

8. Manoli's House

9. When was Manoli 
born?

10. Manoli goes 
shopping

REVISION
 Course Plan
Este curso se compone de: 10 LECCION

VOCABULARY
computer
hamburger
football, car
dog, camera
sandwich, phone 
television, book
Numbers(1-10)
Countries and places
Numbers(11-20)
house, photograph
married, actress

teacher, barman
bus driver, doctor
secretary, dentist
student, nurse
shop assistant
businessman
housewife, address
country, age, job, phone number
computer technician, 
famous, now, and

Numbers(20-30)

family , husband 
wife, son 
daughter, sister, brother, student , mother, father, parents, children , big, good job
the city, new, rooms
have
The alphabet
Nationalities
speak, like, work, live, eat, drink, want, study
paella, tea, wine, beer, ice cream, 
swimming, chocolate, rap/pop/rock /classical music, water, chips, pizza, pasta, , skiing, 
tango, rugby, coke, tennis, coffee, fruit
a little, but, flat, definitely, really, disgusting, sports
communication technology, hour, apple, accountant
Numbers(1-100). Prices
listen, go, get home, get up
after, usually, late, bus
Days of the week

Verb/noun collocations.
read (a book)
play (on the computer)
drive (to work)
listen (to the radio)
go shopping/swimming
Adjectives:hot/cold expensive/cheap late/early old/new
in bed, magazine
never, sometimes, usually. Breakfast, lunch, dinner, newspaper, August, visit, very, people
dining room, toilet kitchen, office bedroom, balcony 
living room, chair, pictures, plant
bathroom, bottle
bed, cooker, fridge, armchair, table, chair, picture sofa, shower, bath, lamp
fish tank, walls, pet bird, week, rug, train, pay, send
return ticket, next, ice, email, T-shirt, pounds, credit card, free, a minute, 
change,with/without
fridge, bank, near here
colours

good/bad; single; lovely/horrible; small
singer, politician
nun, actor, writer 

naturalist, today, yesterday, always, single, food, more cake, present, person, garden, 
every year. coat, form, surname, first name, date of birth, signature, postcode, 

bread, cheese, ham 
sugar, biscuits 
change money 
tourist office stamps 
map, post office, plates
sleep, finish, hate, watch, sit, love, buy, do, look at , jogging/swimming
eggs, salad, cups, chicken, soup, vegetables
sausages, beans
butter, jam, fish, dessert, roast, prawn, every day
takeaway, weather
weekends , rice 
orange juice, cigarettes, bicycle
happy, wonderful, a lot of, street, un/healthy
ourse Plan-Iniciación
curso se compone de: 10 LECCIONES + 3 REVISIONES + 1 TEST FINAL

READING/WRITING EXPRESSIONS
Hello/Hi. I’m… My name’s….
What’s your name?
This is….
How are you?
Very well / fine thanks

Where are you/they from?
Where is he/she from?
I’m/he’s/she’s from…..
Melanie and Antonio
What’s her/his name?
His/her name’s…

What’s your/his/her job?
I’m a/an……
How old are you/is he?
What’s your address/phone number?
Are you married? Is he married?
No, she/he isn’t
Luis
No, I’m not/Yes, I am

Manoli’s family How do you spell…?
Where is…?
Craig’s family How old is…?

Stephanie

Do you speak/like…..?
Yes, I do/No, I don’t.
I’m sorry, I don’t speak English.
Rubén I like, don’t like
They’re from….
I/we/they speak…

He lives…/works…
Good morning/aftrnoon/evening

Luis
 Goodbye
Luis
What time do you…
Thank you for… You’re welcome.
See you next week.

What time do you …?
How old are you?
Where do you live?
What’s this in English?
Angeles Who’s your…?
How many… do you have?
When do you …?

Excuse me…
Can I pay/send/have….?
Here you are.
Excuse me…
How much is it….?
I’ll take it.
We don’t have any……
please
Thanks very much
I was born…
When were you/they born?
Who was he/she?

“lovely!”
Filling in a form

I’d like…
Would you like…?

Email I’m sorry?
I’m sorry, I don’t understand.
Reading a menu/ordering Please speak slowly.
What would you like?
Craig/Angeles I’d like….
‘healthy living’ Excuse me.
….anything else?
See you soon!
 PRONUNCIATION GRAMMAR
/aI/ To Be
is/are/am
linking I, you, he, she, it, we, they
my/your

It’s… / It is…

To Be - is/are/am
his/her
he/she/they
Word stress
their
simple question forms/word order

Jazz To Be
is/are/am
businessman negatives, questions, short answers

Possessive adjectives 
questions and answers
has/have 
letters of the alphabet
Possessive ’s
our

/j/ Present simple (I/we/you/they)
Articles ‘a’ and ‘an’
linking (consonante-vocal)

1.Monophthongs revision Present simple (he/she/it)
2.Intro 4 diphthongs Prepositions – at/in/on
 Present simple (he / she / it)
Questions and negatives (long answers)

Question words (how / what / who / where / why / 
when / how many)

There is/are 
There isn’t/there aren’t
Are there any….?/Is there a ….?
Some/any
Can (requests/offers)

To Be - was/were wasn’t /weren’t

Like/would like

Sentence stress

Present simple
Questions and negatives

3rd person forms
 Course Plan-Bas
Vocabulary Reading
- Introductions
- Countries
1
- Everyday objects
- Number 1-10
- The alphabet
- A profile of
2 - Countries and nationalities
Angeles
- Numbers 11-20
- Everyday numbers - A profile of Luis

3 - Complete a
- Days of the week
landing card
- Months of the year
- Prices 'How much is it?'
4 - Food - The Beckhams
- Grouping vocabulary
- Common verbs
- Activities - A profile of
5
- Collocations with 'play' and 'go' Craig

- Professions

- Jack Nicholson
- Grammar word groups
6 and Jennifer
Lopez

- Time ('What time is it?')

7 - Verb collocations
- Daily routine
- House and furniture
- Verb revision
8

mid-course test mid-course test

9 - Shopping 'The sales'

- John Lennon
10
biography
 - John Lennon
10
biography

- Yesterday in
- Verb and noun collocations the Life (of
11 Craig)
- Colours - A post card

- Ordinal numbers
- Mistery
12 - Dates
personality
- Opposite adjetive
- Food and drink
13 - A shopping list
- A restaurant menu

- Famous people
14 - Opposite adjectives (describing people)
(biographies)

- Clothes

15 - Describing people

- Rick Mansworth
16 (Private
Detective)

- Matching
- The weather
17 questions and
- Temperature answers

18 - The body

- Trivia quiz
19
- Sam's story
end of course end of course
test

test
urse Plan-Basic Course
Listening Pronunciation
- Word stress
- Famous people (Where are they - Contractions
from?)

- Abbreviations
- Word stress in
- Hotel dialogue
connected speech
- Spelling

- Ordering drinks on a plane - Word stress

- Buying a sandwich

- Intonation in
- At a party
questions

- Present simple verb

endings
- Weak forms
(auxiliary verbs)
- Word stress in
professions

- Understanding the time

- An interview with Reza Shah

- Shot dialogues
- Dictation

mid-course test mid-course test

- Dialogue (Craig and Angeles)

- Word stress

- Where were you..?

- 'ed' endings(regular
verbs)
- Sentence dictation
- Identifying vowel
sounds/weak forms
- Sentence dictation

- The 'shwa'

- A day in the life (of Craig) Can and can't

- When Harry Met Fran

- Dialogue (In a restaurant)

- Word stress
- Listening for opinion
(adjectives)
- Weak forms in
- Sentence dictation
connected speech
- Robert Dinero (Taxi Driver)
- Matching descriptions to photos.

Rick Mansworth (Private Detective)

- 'Going to'

- Been

- Intonation in
- An English tourist in Spain
questions

end of course end of course

test test
 Grammar
- 'To be' (is/am/are)
- my/your/his/her/their

- Basic question forms

- Possesive 'S' Adjctives

- Short answers (positive and negative)

- Negative sentences
- Questions forms
- 'Can' for requests
- this/that/these/those
- Present simple
- Like+ing
- 'So' and 'but'
- Prepositions (to/at/in/on)
- Present simple (3rd person 'S'/does)

- Question forms (Mel Gibson)

- a/an with professions

- The article (Text on The Simpsons)
- 'does' and 'doesn't'
- adverbs of frequency and word order

- Can for request and permission (Can I...?)

- There is/are/isn't/aren't
- 'Some' and 'any'
- Prepositions of place (in front
of/behind/between/next to)
mid-course test
- 'To be' (was/were)
- Prepositions of place (at/in)

- Past simple (Regular verbs)

- Question forms with 'did'

- Can for ability (can't/could/couldn't)

- Past simple (irregular verbs)

- Present simple v past simple
- Time expressions
- Past simple with 'did'

- Countable and uncountable nouns

- 'would' for request/öffers (What would you
like?/I'd like...)
- Comparatives and superlatives

- Word order in questions

- Present Continuous
- Present Continuous V Present. Simple
- 'have' and 'have got' for possession
- Adverbs
- Comparison of adverbs and adjectives
- Prepositions of place
- Dependent prepositions
- 'going to' for future plans and
arrangements
- Word order
- Present perfect with 'been'
- Past participles of regular and irregular
verbs
- Present perfect V Past simple
- Review of question words
(which/how/when/what/who/where)
- Word order in questions
end of course
test
 Course Plan-In
LECCIÓN VOCABULARY
1. Family (one) Aunt, Uncle etc. ‘A Family Tree’
Phrasal Verbs (1)
2. Family (two)
Vocab Review
‘Love’ vocab-matching. 
3. Love (one)
Gap fill (Cyber-Love)

4. Love (two) Vocab Review
1.Spending money in Boulder
5. Money (one)
2.Matching (verbs and nouns)
Phrasal Verbs (2)
6. Money (two)
Vocab Review
1.Sports vocab. and verb 
collocations.
7. Sport (one)
2. mind mapping/word families

8. Sport (two) Vocab Review

1.Shops
9. Shopping (one)
2.Supermarket
- Buying clothes
10. Shopping (two)
- Vocab Review
1. Holiday vocab.
2. India
11. Holidays (one)
3.Adjectives and nouns (Cuba)
Directions
12. Holidays (two) Phrasal Verbs(3)
Vocab Review
13. Food 1.Cooking vocab.
(one) 2.fruit and vegetables
14. Food 1. cooking verbs
(two) 2. Kitchen or Chicken?
Vocab Review
15. The Cinema 1. Cinema vocab.
(one) 2. Film Genres
3. Friends and semi-friends
15. The Cinema Phrasal Verbs(6)
(two) Vocab Review
17. News 1.News Vocab.
(one) 2.Sections of a paper
18. News Phrasal Verbs(5)
(two) Vocab Review
19. Technology
1. Computer speak
(one)
20. Technology Telephone English
(two) Vocab Review

21. Work 1. Jobs and Professions
(one) 2. Work vocab.
3. Barry Bean
22. Work
Vocab. Review
(two)
1. music vocab 
23. Music (one)
2. Types of music
Phrasal Verbs(4)
24. Music (two)
Vocab Review
Course Plan-Intermediate Course
READING
The mafia-match titles to 
paragraphs
Francis & Terry on ‘Family’
1.‘Are You a Good 
Lover?’(Mult. Choice quiz)
2. ‘Love Psychology’
Translation – A love poem
Bill Gates-Match titles to 
paragraphs
Unusual sports
1.Shopping at Harrods
2.Confessions of Flavia.
Cuba Gullible Travels
2.Healthy eating with Dr. 
Kwack
Recipe-Fruit Crumble
Film Reviews
LISTENING PRONUNCIATION
‘The Godfather’ 7 monophthongs
Graham & Pat on Love
5 more monophthongs
The Rich List
Innes and Wendy on Money  1.Monophthongs revision
(The Money Quiz) 2.Intro 4 diphthongs
- Guess the Sport
- Mark on football
- Danny on Ice Hockey 1. Intro 4 more diphthongs
2. symbols and sounds revision 
- Danny on Baseball
chart (single and double vowels)
That’s a nice skirt!
Intro. - 5 difficult consonants.
Fran, Steph and El Tel at the 
Falling and rising intonation (in 
supermarket
Tag questions)
1. Craig’s holiday
2. Danny-America
1.Voiced/unvoiced consonants.
Val on Cooking
1.Word stress
Steph on cooking 2. Pron. Fruit&veg
Dictation (Matrix)
Steph & Terry on Cinema Silent letters
News Articles Wild news stories ‘ed’ endings- past simple

Writing an email
1. technophobe
2. mobile phones
1. You know you’re living in 
2004 when...
2. New Technology
Interesting Jobs
1.A News Report
2. Cuba
IT Questionnaire The shwa
1.Kevin On Technology.
2.Telephone conversations
3. New Technology
1. Mark on Work
2. Pat on nursing

1. A Job Interview
Writing a C.V. The /h/ sound
2. Wendy on work

Bob Marley Mark on Music

Steph on Music 1.Con.speech/linking
3. Paul McCartney 2.Word Stress-weak forms
 GRAMMAR

personal pronouns, determiners and possessives

Verb patterns- Gerund/Infinitives

Indirect Speech

The passive

Past simple and present perfect

Relative pronouns and clauses

Tag questions

The Future

1st and 2nd Conditional (Ann Arbor)

Modals -advice/prohibition
(must/n’t, should/n’t)
1. The Imperative
2. Conjunctions
(although, however, because etc.)
‘If’ sentences
(will)

‘If’ sentences
(would y will)
Question forms

Modals - Probability
(must / can’t
could / may / might)

1.Mixed verb tenses
2.Present perfect simple and continuous

3rd conditional (introduction)

3rd conditional practice (with Bob) and mixed conditional.
ARTÍCULOS  

Artículo Indeterminado (a / an)

Artículo Determinado (the)

      
Ejercicios Artículos

 SUSTANTIVOS

Clases de nombres (paper, a piece of paper)

Género (he, she, it)

Formación del Plural (car, cars)

Sustantivos Compuestos (Racing-car, Classroom)

Los Sustantivos derivados de verbos (To paint, painter)

La Posesión. (Pepe's Bar)

 ADJETIVOS

Clases de Adjetivos (what?, short, this, any, his, each...)

Género y número (He is good, She is good, We are good...)

Posición (A beautiful house, the house is beautiful)

Adjetivos sustantivados y compuestos (Dark-blue)

El comparativo y el Superlativo (Tall, taller, the tallest)

Adjetivos demostrativos (This, that, these, those)

Adjetivos distributivos (Each, every, either...)

Adjetivos de cantidad (Some, any, much, many...)

Adjetivos interrogativos (What?, which?, whose?...)

Adjetivos posesivos (My, your, his, her...)

Adjetivos gentilicios (America, American, the Americans...)

Adjetivos Numerales (One, two, three...)

 PRONOMBRES

Clases de Pronombres (I, this, who, which, mine...)

Pronombres personales (I, you, he, me, him, her...)

Pronombres demostrativos (This, that, such, none...)

Pronombres relativos (Who, whom, whose, which...)

Pronombres interrogativos (Who?, whom?, whose? ...)

Pronombres reflexivos (Myself, yourself, himself....)

Pronombres recíprocos (Each other, one another)

Pronombres posesivos (My, yours, his...)

 ADVERBIOS

Clases de adverbios (Easily, often, certainly...)

La comparación de los adverbios (Hard, harder, hardest)

La posición del adverbio (She suddenly... / Suddenly She...)

Uso particular de algunos adverbios (Helen is fairly clever...)

Expresiones adverbiales (As soon as, in the log run...)

 PREPOSICIONES Y CONJUNCIONES

Las preposiciones (To look, to look after)

Preposiciones en inglés A-B (About, above, at...)

Preposiciones en inglés C-O (During, for, on...)

Preposiciones en inglés P-Z (Past, to, with...)

Las Conjunciones (As, but, for...)

 VERBOS

Generalidades (I play, you play...)

Lista de verbos Regulares (Act, believe, earn...)

Lista de verbos Irregulares (Begin, hide, see...)

Lista de verbos Compuestos (Come to, hurry up...)

El verbo To Be (I am a teacher, you are a student)

El verbo To Have (I have a new car)

El Presente (I live in London)

El Pretérito (I have lived in London for five years)

El Futuro (They will be leaving tomorrow)

El Condicional (Would) (Would you like a drink?)

El Subjuntivo (He may not come)

El Infinitivo (We began to run)

El Gerundio (No smoking)

Usos del Gerundio / Infinitivo (Smoking / To smoke)

El Imperativo (Don't stop!)

Voz Pasiva (This car was made in 1963)

Formas verbales en Activa y Pasiva (It is made...)

Mixed Verb Tenses (Were travelling, had been walking...)

Verbos Modales - Introducción (Can, may, will, shall...)

Can y Could (I can swim, He could play the piano)

Modal Verbs (Can, could, be able to, should, must)

May / Might - Must (May I borrow your car?)

 OTRAS FORMAS GRAMATICALES

La Hora (What time is it?)

La Fecha (July, 20th 2001)

Determiners (The, a, my, either, some...)

1) Regulares = son los verbos que en pasado se escriben casi de la misma manera que en presente, s

A) "en cuanto a su escritura", se les agrega "ed" al final para convertirlas en pasado.

Ex:

Presente pasado
Ask (preguntar, pedir). . . . . ……………..Asked (pregunto, pidió).

(ask) (askt)

Work (trabajar). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .worked (trabajo).

(work) (workt)

B) Cuando su escritura termine en "e", solo se le aumenta al final la "d".

Ex:

Presente pasado
Receive (recibir). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Received (recibió).

(wriciv) (wrecivd)

Arrive (llegar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Arrived (llegó).

(awraiv) (awraivd)

C) Cuando termina en "y", y antes de esta va una consonante, entonces, se cambia la "y" por "ied"; per

Ex:

Presente pasado
Study (estudiar). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .studied (estudio).

(studi) (studid)

Play (jugar). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .played (jugo).

(plei) (pleid)

2) Irregulares = son aquellos verbos que en pasado se escriben totalmente diferente de cómo se escrib
Las acciones irregulares deben ser aprendidas de memoria pues no existen reglas para ellas.
ma manera que en presente, solo se les agrega "ed" de acuerdo a estas reglas:

en pasado.

se cambia la "y" por "ied"; pero si antes de la "y" va una vocal, entonces solo se agrega "ed".

nte diferente de cómo se escriben en presente.

en reglas para ellas.
 0.525
0.15 3.325 2.925
3.475 2.8
6.275 2.8
9.075

1.75
7
0.25
8 0.208 1.664 3.328
7 0.208 1.456
1 0.206 0.206 1.662 3.324

8 0.175 1.4 2.8

8