English

Al
**Verbs & tenses:** **Adjectives:**
Present simple of ‘be’
- - Demonstrative adjectives – this / that / these /
- -

There is/are
- those
-

Present
- simple Adjectives as complements of ‘be’
Present continuous
- - Adjectives before nouns
Past simple of ‘be’
- - Possessive adjectives
Past simple for regular verbs
Past simple for irregular verbs **Adverbs:**
Adverbs of time & indefinite frequency
**Clauses & questions:** Adverbs of frequency
Questions – closed Adverbs of degree – very / really / too
Questions – open
Because clauses **Other parts of speech:**
Parts of speech
**Modal verbs:** Coordinating conjunctions
Would like Indefinite article – a / an
Ability – can / can’t / could / couldn’t
- - - - Definite article – the
Prepositions of time
- -

**Nonfinite verbs:** Prepositions of place

Like / hate / love + gerund

**Nouns:**
Subject & object pronouns
Demonstrative pronouns – this / that /
-

these / those
-

Possessive case – ‘s
- -

Irregular plural nouns

-

How much / many + noun

Verbs & tenses:
Past continuous
Future – will vs going to
A2
Future – present tenses for the future
Present perfect
Imperative
Stative verbs

Clauses & questions:

Conditionals – zero
Conditionals – 1st
Adverb clauses of time – when / while
Questions – subject

Modal verbs:
Ability – be able to
Advice – should
Possibility – might / may / could
Obligation & prohibition – must / have to / don’t have to
Requests – can / could / will / would
Imagined situations – would
Permission – can / can’t
Suggestion – could / let’s / shall
General truths & facts

Nonfinite verbs:
Want / need + to-infinitive

Nouns:
Countable & uncountable nouns
Someone / anyone / no one / everyone
Something / anything / nothing / everything

Adjectives:
Adjective order
Comparatives & superlatives
Comparatives for equality
Expressing similarity – same / like / alike
Irregular adjectives

Adverbs:
Adverb placement
Adverbs of degree & intensity
Adverbs of manner
Comparative adverbs

Other parts of speech:

No article
Some / any / none / every / all
Quantifiers
A1 Present Simple
Present Simple of "be"

Використовують для опису постійних фактів, рутинних дій або станів

Форма "to be" включає в себе „am”, „is” та «are”

I am I'm
+ He, she, it
-

He's, she's, it's

I’m a teacher You, we, they are
We are a student You're, we're, they're
She is a marketer
I am not Am not
- He, she, it Isn't
You, we, they Aren't

? ?
Yes, I am
Am I
Yes, he (she, it) is.
пит
is He, she , it
слово Yes, you (we, they) are.
Are You, We, they
No, I am not
No, he (she, it) isn't
No, you (we, they) aren't

-
There is/are

There is використовують для опису одного предмета або особи.

There are для опису більшої кількості предметів або осіб

There is a bakery on the corner Corner- «кут» або на «розі»

There are many tourist in the City
-
Present simple + V Особа + дієслово + решта речення

I go to school in Gdynia
І, you, We, they V She travels to different countries
+ He, she, it V + s (es) She works in a marketing agency

A) Якщо V закінчується на s, ss, ch, sh, tch, x, o, + es

I watch TV He watches TV.

B) Якщо V закінчується на y перед яким стоїть приголосна, то

Y → i+es I study He studies

- I, you, we, they - don't

He, she, it - doesn't V
? пит
слово
Do
Does
I, you, we, they
He, she, it

Yes, l (you, we, they) do

Yes, he (she, it) does
V
No, I (you, we, they) don't
No, he (she, it) doesn't

?
-
Can - Present simple
-

+ I - they can V
пит
слово Can I - they V?

- I - they can't V

Yes, I - they can

No, I - they can't
 Have got
I, you, we, they Have got I've got
+
He, she, it Has got He’s got

I, you, we, they Haven't got

-
He, she, it Hasn't got

?
Yes, I (you, we, they) have
пит Have I, you, we, they got? Yes, he (she, it) has
слово Has No, I (you, we, they) haven't
He, she, it got?
No, he (she, it) hasn't

Have to - do somethings

+
I, you, we, they
He, she, it
Have to
Has to V
V
I, you, we, they don't have to
-
He, she, it doesn't have to

?
Yes, I (you, we, they) do
пит
слово
Do
Does
I, you, we, they
He, she, it
have to
have to V? Yes, he (she, it) does
No, I (you, we, they) don’t
No, he (she, it) doesn't

Possessive case – ‘s
Присвійний відмінок іменників, утворюється за допомогою апострофа та закінчення – ‘s
My mother's dress
My sister’s bag
Якщо, імен. вживається у присвійному відмінку у множині і має закінчення s то присвійний
відмінок вживається лише за допомогою апострофа

My friends’ ball His brothers' shirts

 Множина іменників
1. До іменника в одн. + s
A pen- pens
A book - books

2. Якщо ім. в одн. закінчується на s, ss, ch, sh, tch, x, o то + Es

Вийнятки
A piano - pianos
A dress - dresses A video - videos
A box - boxes A zoo - zoos
A bench - benches A hippo - hippos
A potato - potatoes A photo - photos
A rhino - rhinos

3. Якщо ім. в одн. закінчується на Y, перед яким стоїть приголосна, то

Вийняток
y → i+ es
-
A cherry - cherries
A lady - ladies A day - days

4. Якщо ім. в одн. закінчується на f (fe), то f (fe) → v+ es

Вийнятки
A scarf - scarves A chief - chiefs A sate - safes
A wife - wives A roof - roofs A cliff - cliffs
a kerchief - kerchiefs

5. Ім. що утворють множину не за правилами

A man - men A sheep - sheep

A goose - geese
A woman- women A deer - deer
A person - people
A child - children A fish - fish
A mouse - mice
A foot- feet A swine - swine
An ox - oxen
A tooth - teeth A salmon - salmon
 ступені порівняння прикметників

1. Односкладові та двоскладові прикмент. утворюють ст. пор. за допомогою

додавання -er, -est

High - higher - the highest

-
-

Large - larger- the largest

- -

Heavy- heavier - the heaviest

-
- -

Hot - hotter - the hottest

- -

2. Багатоскладові прикметники, та прикмет., які закінчуюються на -ed, -ing

утворюють ст. порівн. за допомогою More, most

Intelligent - more intelligent - the most intelligent

Beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful
Tired - more tired - the most tired
-

Boring - more boring - the most boring

3. Good- better- the best

Bad- worse - the worst
Little - less - the least
Many II much - more - the most

Far - farther - the farthest

- further - the furthest
Old
- older - the oldest
- elder - the eldest
 I5 хв = чверть A quarter
Time
I
1. Хвилини
2. Past- після 7.15
3. Годину, яка минула (A) quarter past seven

30 хв = половина Half
7. 10
7.30
Ten (minutes) past seven
Half past seven
8.10
Ten past eight
7.55

↑
1. Хвилини Five to eight
2. to
3. Годину до якої наближається
7.45
Quarter to eight
Prepositions of time

At... o'clock
At = At the weekend
At night
At holidays
At Christmas
At the moment Without preposition - прийменники часу
At present

/
At noon, at midnight This Monday
That evening
On Sunday, Monday, Tuesday…
On= On 2nd March
On New Year’s Day Today, tomorrow evening, tonight, yesterday,
On hot days this, that, every, each, all, any, some, one,
On rainy days last, next

In= In the morning In two hour

afternoon In a few days
evening In A few mouth

In 2012 (Month)
In March (Season)
In summer (Year)
займенники в обʼєктивному відмінку

Мені, мене
Me Us Нам, нас
Тебе, тобі
You Його, йому Them Їм, їх
Him Її, їй You Вас, вам
Her Його, йому
Її - для предметів, істот,
It
тварин

Присвійні займенники
My- Мій, моя, моє, мої
yours - Твій, твоя, твоє, твої
His - Його
Her- Її
Its - Його або її (для предметів, тварин, істот)
Your - Ваш, ваша, ваше, ваші
Our- Наш, наша, наше, наші
Their - Їхній, їхня, їхнє, їхні

Вказівні займенники

This це Is That то Is одн.

These Are Those Are мн.

Зворот there is (are)

одн.
мн.
There is a
There are some
There's
одн.
мн.
Is there a
Are there any ?
Yes, there is No, there isn't
одн. There isn't a Yes, there are No, there aren't
мн.
There aren't any
 Present Continuous (теперішній тривачий час)

I am
+ + ing Now
He, she, it is
You, we, they are At the moment
At present
These days
I am not
- He, she, it isn't + ing
You, we, they aren't

? пит
слово
Am I
Is he, she, it
Are you, we, they
+ ing
?
 Past Simple ( Минулий простий час)

v
-

+ I - they або + ed
I
A) want - wanted - I - they didn't V

?
-

B) like - liked
Did I-they V?
-

пит
C) hurry - hurried
-
-
слово

D) jog - jogged
-

Past Simple
-

To be Can

I, he, she, it was I - they could

+ I - they couldn't
You, we, they were

I, he, she, it wasn’t Could I- they

-
You, we, they weren’t
Yes, I could

? Was I, he, she, it

Were you, we, they ? No, I couldn't

Yes, I (he, she, it) was

Yes, you, we, they were
No, I (he, she, it) wasn’t
No, you, we, they weren't
Past simple tense (irregular verbs)
 Present perfect (теперішній завершений час)

v
v
I've, you've,
I, you, we, they have = she's
He's, I II
+
He, she, it has

- I, you, we, they haven’t III

He, she, it hasn’t

>
Already

? v?
Just
пит Have I, you, we, they -

III
слово
Has he, she, it

To be going to V

I am (not)
He, she, it is going to
You we, they are
Had my cake - мріяти про щось недосяжне,
нереальне
To have a cake