SIMPLE PAST TENSE

DEFINITION OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed
action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The
time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not
important.

EXAMPLES
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated
with certain past time expressions

 frequency: often, sometimes, always

I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
 a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
 an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in
caves a long time ago.
 She played the piano when she was a child.

Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is
placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own language, but the
meaning may be different.

FORMING THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

PATTERNS OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR REGULAR VERBS

Affirmative

Subject + verb + ed  

I skipped.  
Negative

Subject + did not + infinitive without to

They didn't go.

Interrogative

Did + subject + infinitive without to

Did she arrive?

Interrogative negative

Did not + subject + infinitive without to

Didn't you play?

TO WALK

Affirmative Negative Interrogative

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

 Subject Verb

  Be Have

I was had

You were had

He/She/It was had

We were had

You were had

They were had

NOTES ON AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, &

INTERROGATIVE FORMS
AFFIRMATIVE
The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple.

 I was in Japan last year

 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "do" as an ordinary verb, use the
auxiliary "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary "do", but
sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".

The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "do".

EXAMPLES
 They weren't in Rio last summer.
 We didn't have any money.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 We didn't do our exercises this morning.
  Were they in Iceland last January?
 Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
 Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the
auxiliary 'did''.

SIMPLE PAST, IRREGULAR VERBS

Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most common ones.

TO GO

 He went to a club last night.

 Did he go to the cinema last night?
 He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

 We gave her a doll for her birthday.

 They didn't give John their new address.
 Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME

 My parents came to visit me last July.

 We didn't come because it was raining.
 Did he come to your party last week?

SIMPLE PAST
FUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE PAST"
El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al
actual. La duración no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado
reciente o un pasado lejano.

EJEMPLOS
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cuándo ocurrió algo, de modo que va
asociado a ciertas expresiones temporales que indican:
  frecuencia: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
 un tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
 un tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in
caves a long time ago.
 She played the piano when she was a child.

Nota: el término ago es útil para expresar distancia temporal en el pasado. Se

coloca después del periodo de tiempo de que se trate: a week ago, three years ago, a minute
ago.

Cuidado: el "simple past" del inglés puede parecerse a un tiempo verbal de tu propio idioma y,
sin embargo, su significado puede ser distinto.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST"

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST" CON VERBOS REGULARES

Afirmativa

Sujeto + raíz + ed  

I skipped.  

Negativa

Sujeto + did not + infinitivo sin to

They didn't go.

Interrogativa

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Did she arrive?

Interrogativa negativa
Did not + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Didn't you play?

TO WALK

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

"SIMPLE PAST" DE LOS VERBOS TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

Sujeto Verbo

  Be Have

I was had

You were had

He/She/It was had

We were had
 Sujeto Verbo

You were had

They were had

NOTAS SOBRE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES

AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
AFIRMATIVA
La forma afirmativa del "simple past" es sencilla.

 I was in Japan last year

 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa del "simple past" del verbo "do" como verbo ordinario,
se emplea como auxiliar "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do",
aunque en ocasiones solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".

La forma interrogativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele emplear el auxiliar "do".

EJEMPLOS
 They weren't in Rio last summer.
 We didn't have any money.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 We didn't do our exercises this morning.
 Were they in Iceland last January?
 Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
 Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Nota: para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa de todos los verbos en "simple past",
se utiliza siempre el auxiliar 'did''.

"SIMPLE PAST": VERBOS IRREGULARES

Algunos verbos hacen el "simple past" de forma irregular. Estos son los más comunes.

TO GO

 He went to a club last night.

 Did he go to the cinema last night?
  He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

 We gave her a doll for her birthday.

 They didn't give John their new address.
 Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME

 My parents came to visit me last July.

 We didn't come because it was raining.
 Did he come to your party last week?

SIMPLE PRESENT
EL "SIMPLE PRESENT" SE UTILIZA:
 Para expresar hábitos y rutinas, hechos generales, acciones repetidas o situaciones,
emociones y deseos permanentes:
I smoke (hábito); I work in London (permanencia); London is a large city (hecho
general)
 Para dar instrucciones o indicaciones:
You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.
 Para hablar de eventos programados, presentes o futuros:
Your exam starts at 09.00.
 Para referirse al futuro, detrás de algunas conjunciones:  after, when, before, as soon
as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

¡Cuidado! El "simple present" no se utiliza para hablar de lo que está ocurriendo en este
momento.

EJEMPLOS
 Hábitos y rutinas
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
 Eventos y acciones repetidos
We catch the bus every morning.
It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.
 Hechos generales
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.
  Instrucciones o indicaciones
Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
 Eventos programados
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
 Construcciones de futuro
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT": TO THINK

Afirmativa Interrogativa Negativa

I think Do I think? I do not think

You think Do you think? You do not think

He thinks Does he think? He does not think

She thinks Does she think? She does not think

It thinks Does it think? It does not think

We think Do we think? We do not think.

They think Do they think? They do not think.

NOTAS SOBRE LA TERCERA PERSONA DEL

SINGULAR DEL "SIMPLE PRESENT"
 En la tercera persona del singular, el verbo siempre termina en -s:
he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
 Para las formas negativa e interrogativa, se emplea DOES (= tercera persona del
auxiliar 'DO') + el infinitivo del verbo.
He wants  ice cream.  Does  he want strawberry? He  does  not want vanilla.
 Verbos que terminan en -y : en la tercera persona del singular, se cambia la  -y por -
ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Excepción: cuando una vocal precede a la -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
 Añadimos -es a los verbos que terminan en:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes,  she catches,  he fixes,  it pushes
EJEMPLOS

 He goes to school every morning.

 She understands English.
 It mixes the sand and the water.
 He tries very hard.
 She enjoys playing the piano.

 
The Simple Past Tense, often just called the Past Tense, is easy to use in English.

If you already know how to use the Present Tense, then the Past Tense will be easy.

In general, the Past Tense is used to talk about something that started and finished at a
definite time in the past.

How to form the Past Tense in English

The main rule is that for every verb in English, there is only one form of it in the past tense. 
(The exception is the Past tense of To Be, which has two forms: was and were)

This is totally different from other languages such as Spanish, French, Italian etc. where
you change the verb ending for every subject.

For example: The past tense of the verb want is wanted.

Wanted is used as the past tense for all subjects/pronouns.

 I wanted
 You wanted
 He wanted
 She wanted
 It wanted
 We wanted
 They wanted

So you just have to learn one word to be able to use it in the past tense. In this case we just
needed to learn the one word wanted which can be used for all subjects (or people).

Past Tense Regular Verbs

To change a regular verb into its past tense form, we normally add –ED to the end of the
verb.

 play – played
 cook – cooked
 rain – rained
 wait – waited

There are some exceptions with a slight change in spelling which you can see here:
Spelling of words ending in ED.

Examples of sentences using regular verbs in the

past tense
  Last night I played my guitar loudly and the neighbors complained.
 She kissed me on the cheek.
 It rained yesterday.
 Angela watched TV all night.
 John wanted to go to the museum.

Note: There are three different ways of pronouncing the –ed at the end of a verb in the past
tense.
We recommend reading our guide about the pronunciation of –ED at the end of words.

Negative sentences in the Past Tense

We use didn't (did not) to make a negative sentence in the past tense. 
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English. 
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)

Compare the following:

Present: They don't live in Canada.

Past: They didn't live in Canada.

The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The
auxiliary DIDN'T shows that the sentence is negative AND in the past tense.

NOTICE: The only difference between a negative sentence in the present tense and a
negative sentence in the past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.

Both don't and doesn't in the present tense become didn't in the past tense.

Compare the negative sentences in the examples below:

Present: You don't need a mechanic.

Past: You didn't need a mechanic.

Present: You don't walk to work.

Past: You didn't walk to work.

Present: He doesn't speak Japanese.

Past: He didn't speak Japanese.

Examples of negative sentences in the Past

Tense
 I didn't want to go to the dentist.
 She didn't have time.
 You didn't close the door.
 He didn't come to my party.
 They didn't study so they didn't pass the test.
 We didn't sleep well last night.

Questions in the Past Tense

We use did to make a question in the past tense. 
This is for regular AND irregular verbs in English. 
(Exception is To Be and Modal Verbs such as Can)

Compare the following:

Present: Do they live in France?

Past: Did they live in France?

The main verb (live in the example above) is in its base form (of the infinitive). The
auxiliary DID shows that the question is in the past tense.

NOTICE: The only difference between a question in the present tense and a question in the
past tense is the change in the auxiliary verb.
Both Do and Does in present tense questions become Didn't in past tense questions.

Compare the questions in the examples below:

Present: Do you need a doctor?

Past: Did you need a doctor?

Present: Do you ride your bike to work?

Past: Did you ride your bike to work?

Present: Does he live in Italy?

Past: Did he live in Italy?

We can also use a question word (Who, What, Why etc.) before DID to ask for more
information.

 Did you study? – Yes, I did.

 When did you study? – I studied last night.
 Where did you study? – I studied at the library.

Read more about short answers in the past tense.

Examples of Questions in the Past Tense

 Did you go to work yesterday?
 Did they arrive on time?
 Did she like the surprise?
 Where did she go?
 What did you do yesterday?
 What did you say? - I didn't say anything.
 Why did we have to come?

Irregular Verbs in the Past Tense

Irregular verbs are ONLY irregular in affirmative/positive sentences.
(An exception to this is with the verb TO BE in the Past Tense).

For example: The past tense of GO is WENT.

It does not end in –ED so it is considered irregular.

The word went is used for all subjects – I, you, we, they, he, she, it.

 I went to the beach

 He went to the park.
  She went to the zoo.
 They went to the library.

BUT, as we mentioned before, it is only in its irregular form (went) in sentences that are
affirmative/positive.

Compare the following using GO in the past tense.

 They went to the beach

 They didn't go to the beach --- Didn't shows that we are talking in the past tense.
 Did they go to the beach? --- Did shows that we are talking in the past tense.

Another example with an irregular verb.

The past of EAT is ATE.

 You ate my cake.
 You didn't eat my cake.
 Did you eat my cake?

Present vs Past Tense Summary Chart

Comidas
Aquí tienes las palabras en inglés para diferentes clases de comida.

Carne

bacon bacón

beef carne de vaca

chicken pollo

cooked meat carne guisada

duck pato

ham jamón

kidneys riñones

lamb cordero

liver hígado

mince o minced beef carne picada

paté paté

salami salami

sausages salchichas

pork cerdo

pork pie tarta de cerdo

sausage roll salchicha envuelta en hojaldre

turkey pavo

veal ternera

Fruta

apple manzana

apricot albaricoque

banana plátano

blackberry zarzamora

blackcurrant grosella negra

blueberry arándano
cherry cereza

coconut coco

fig higo

gooseberry grosella espinosa

grape uva

grapefruit pomelo

kiwi fruit kiwi

lemon limón

lime lima

mango mango

melon melón

orange naranja

peach melocotón

pear pera

pineapple piña

plum ciruela

pomegranate granada

raspberry frambuesa

redcurrant grosella roja

rhubarb ruibarbo

strawberry fresa

bunch of bananas racimo de plátanos

bunch of grapes racimo de uvas

Pescado

anchovy anchoa

cod bacalao

haddock abadejo

herring arenque

kipper arenque ahumado (pescado ahumado, usualmente arenque)

mackerel caballa
pilchard sardina

plaice platija

salmon salmón

sardine sardina

smoked salmon salmón ahumado

sole lenguado

trout trucha

tuna atún

Vegetales

artichoke alcachofa

asparagus espárrago

aubergine berenjena

avocado aguacate

beansprouts brotes de soja

beetroot remolacha

broad beans habas

broccoli brócoli

Brussels sprouts coles de Bruselas

cabbage repollo

carrot zanahoria

cauliflower coliflor

celery apio

chilli o chilli pepper chile

courgette calabacín

cucumber pepino

French beans judías verdes

garlic ajo

ginger jengibre

leek puerro

lettuce lechuga
mushroom champiñones

onion cebolla

peas guisantes

pepper pimiento

potato (plural: potatoes) patata

pumpkin calabaza

radish rábano

rocket arúgula

runner beans judías pintas

swede nabicol

sweet potato (plural: sweet potatoes) boniato o batata

sweetcorn maíz tierno

tomato (plural: tomatoes) tomate

turnip nabo

spinach espinaca

spring onion cebolleta

squash calabacín

clove of garlic diente de ajo

stick of celery tiras de apio

Comida en lata y congelada

baked beans alubias en salsa de tomate

corned beef carne de vaca en conserva

kidney beans habichuelas rojas

soup sopa

tinned tomatoes tomates en conserva

chips patatas fritas

fish fingers filetes de pescado

frozen peas guisantes congelados

frozen pizza pizza congelada

ice cream helado

Ingredientes de cocina

cooking oil aceite de cocina

olive oil aceite de oliva

stock cubes cubito de caldo

tomato purée puré de tomate

Vocabulario en inglés

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Productos lácteos

butter mantequilla

cream crema

cheese queso

blue cheese queso azul

cottage cheese queso fresco o requesón

goats cheese queso de cabra

crème fraîche crème fraîche

eggs leche desnatada

free range eggs huevos naturales

margarine margarina

milk leche

full-fat milk leche entera

semi-skimmed milk leche semidesnatada

skimmed milk leche desnatada

sour cream crema agria

yoghurt yogur

Pan, pasteles y confitura casera

baguette pistola de pan / baguette

bread rolls bollos de pan

brown bread pan integral

white bread pan blanco

garlic bread pan de ajo

pitta bread pan de pita

loaf o loaf of bread barra de pan / pan de molde

sliced loaf rebanada de pan

cake pastel

Danish pastry pastel danés

quiche quiche

sponge cake bizcocho

baking powder levadura en polvo

plain flour harina

self-raising flour harina con levadura

cornflour maizena

sugar azúcar

brown sugar azúcar moreno

icing sugar azúcar glasé

pastry bollos, pasteles

yeast levadura de cerveza

dried apricots melocotones secos

prunes pasas

dates dátiles

raisins pasas

sultanas pasas sultanas

Comida para desayunar

breakfast cereal cereales para el desayuno

cornflakes copos de maíz

honey miel

jam mermelada

marmalade mermelada
muesli muesli

porridge crema de avena

toast tostada

Otra comida

noodles fideos

pasta pasta

pasta sauce salsa para pasta

pizza pizza

rice arroz

spaghetti espagueti

Condimentos y salsas

ketchup ketchup

mayonnaise mayonesa

mustard mostaza

pepper pimiento

salad dressing aderezo

salt sal

vinaigrette vinagreta

vinegar vinagre

Refrigerios

biscuits galletas

chocolate chocolate

crisps patatas fritas en bolsa

hummus hummus (puré de garbanzos con limón y ajo)

nuts avellanas

olives aceitunas de oliva

peanuts cacahuete

sweets dulces
walnuts nueces

Hierbas

basil albahaca

chives cebollino

coriander cilantro

dill eneldo

parsley perejil

rosemary romero

sage salvia

thyme tomillo

Especias

chilli powder polvo picante

cinnamon canela

cumin comino

curry powder polvo al curry

nutmeg nuez moscada

paprika paprika

saffron azafrán

Otras palabras útiles

organic orgánico

ready meal comida preparada

Empaquetado de la comida

bag of potatoes bolsa de patatas

bar of chocolate barra de chocolate

bottle of milk botella de leche

carton of milk cartón de leche

box of eggs caja de huevos

jar of jam tarro de mermelada

pack of butter tarrina de mantequilla

packet of biscuits paquete de galletas

packet of crisps o bag of crisps bolsa de patatas

packet of cheese paquete de queso

punnet of strawberries canasta de fresas

tin of baked beans bote de alubias

tub of ice cream tarrina de helado

List of Vegetables in English

[C] = Countable Noun - [U] = Uncountable Noun

 artichoke [C]
 asparagus [U]
 aubergine [C] and [U] - (called eggplant in United States)
 beet [C] - (called beetroot in British English)
 beetroot [C] and [U] - (called beet in United States)
 bell pepper * [C] - (Just called pepper in British English or with its color beforehand
just as red pepper or green pepper. In Australia and New Zealand it is known
as capsicum)
 broccoli [U] - (broccoli is an uncountable noun so there is no plural of broccoli)
 Brussels sprout [C]
 cabbage [C] and [U]
 carrot [C]
 cauliflower [C] and [U]
 celery [U]
 corn ** [U]
 courgette * [C] - (called zucchini in United States)
 cucumber * [C] and [U]
 eggplant * [C] and [U] - (called aubergine in British English)
 green bean * [C] - (sometimes called French bean in the UK)
 green onion [C] - (called spring onion in the British English)
 leek [C]
 lettuce [C] and [U]
 mushroom *** [C]
 onion [C] and [U]
 pea [C]
 pepper [C] - (called bell pepper in British English. In Australia and New Zealand it
is known as capsicum)
 potato [C] and [U] - (the plural of potato is potatoes - potato is sometimes
uncountable as in mashed potato)
 pumpkin * [C] and [U]
 radish [C] - (the plural of radish is radishes)
 spring onion [C] - (called green onion or scallion in United States)
 squash * [C] and [U]
  sweet potato [C] - (kumara in New Zealand)
 tomato * [C] - (the plural of tomato is tomatoes)
 zucchini * [C] - (called courgette in British English)

Are they Fruit or Vegetables?

* The following are Fruits in a botanical sense, though are commonly thought of as
vegetables due to their culinary uses:

 avocado, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, peppers, pumpkin, squash, tomato,

zucchini

** corn is a cereal grain and is also a type of fruit.

*** mushrooms – biologically a mushroom is not a plant so technically it isn't a vegetable.

However most English speakers would consider the mushroom as a vegetable because of
its use in cooking.

FUTURE WITH "GOING"

FORM
When we use going in a phrase to talk about the future, the form is composed of three
elements:
the verb to be conjugated to match the subject + going + the infinitive of the main verb

Subject + to be (conjugated) + going

She is going

I am going

Affirmative

He is going to j

Negative

He is not going to j

Interrogative
 Is he going to j

Negative Interrogative

Isn't he going to j

FUNCTION
The use of going to refer to future events suggests a very strong association with the present.
The time is not important, it is later than now, but the attitude is that the event depends on
something in the present situation that we know about. Going is mainly used to refer to our
plans and intentions or to make predictions based on present evidence. In everyday
speech, going to is often shortened to gonna, especially in American English, but it is never
written that way.

USING "GOING" FOR PLANS AND INTENTIONS

EXAMPLES
 Is Freddy going to buy a new car soon?
 Are John and Pam going to visit Milan when they are in Italy?
 I think Nigel and Mary are going to have a party next week.
 We are going to have dinner together tomorrow.
 Aren't you going to stay at the library until your report is finished?

USING "GOING" FOR PREDICTIONS

EXAMPLES
 He's going to be a brilliant politician.
 I'm going to have a hard time falling asleep.
 You're going to be sorry you said that.
 Is it going to rain this afternoon?
 Aren't they going to come to the party?

FUTURO CON "GOING

TO"
FORMACIÓN
Cuando empleamos "going to"  en una oración para referirnos al futuro, la construcción se
compone de tres elementos:
el verbo "to be" conjugado conforme al sujeto + "going" + el infinitivo del verbo principal

Sujeto + to be (conjugado) + going

She is going

I am going

Afirmativa

He is going to j

Negativa

He is not going to j

Interrogativa

Is he going to j

Interrogativa negativa

Isn't he going to j

FUNCIÓN
El uso de "going to" para referirse a eventos futuros sugiere un vínculo muy sólido con el
presente. El momento preciso no es relevante, es posterior al ahora, pero la actitud implica que
dicho evento depende de algo que sabemos sobre la situación actual. "Going to" se emplea
sobre todo para hablar de nuestros planes e intenciones, o para realizar predicciones basadas
en evidencias actuales. En el discurso cotidiano, "going to" suele acortarse como "gonna",
especialmente en inglés americano, aunque nunca se escribe así.

USO DE "GOING TO" PARA REFERIRSE A PLANES E INTENCIONES

 EJEMPLOS
 Is Freddy going to buy a new car soon?
 Are John and Pam going to visit Milan when they are in Italy?
 I think Nigel and Mary are going to have a party next week.
 We are going to have dinner together tomorrow.
 Aren't you going to stay at the library until your report is finished?

USO DE "GOING TO" PARA FORMULAR PREDICCIONES

EJEMPLOS
 He's going to be a brilliant politician.
 I'm going to have a hard time falling asleep.
 You're going to be sorry you said that.
 Is it going to rain this afternoon?
 Aren't they going to come to the party?

Future "going to"

What is going to happen? - ¿Qué va a pasar?
I am going to work - Voy a trabajar


 I am going to leave for Asia next month.
Voy a partir a Asia el mes que viene.
 We are going to watch a movie on TV tonight.
Vamos a ver una película en la televisión a la noche.
 The company is going to raise its prices next summer.
La compañía va a subir los precios el próximo mes.
 Mrs. Black is going to teach pottery next year.
La Sra. Black va a enseñar alfarería el año que viene.
 I am going to go to the grocery store tomorrow morning.
Voy a ir al almacén mañana por la mañana.
 Paul is not going to solve the problem before the end of the year.
Paul no va a resolver el problema antes de fin de año.
 We are not going to run the marathon next June.
No vamos a correr la maratón el próximo junio.
 Are you going to read Paul Auster’s latest novel?
¿Vas a leer la última novela de Paul Auster?
 The floor is full of dry leaves. Are you going to sweep it?
El piso está lleno de hojas secas. ¿Lo vas a barrer?
Drinks
 beer
 coffee
 fruit juice
 hot chocolate
 milk
 milkshake
 soft drink, soda
 tea
 water
 wine

Shakira is a Colombian singer-songwriter, musician, record

producer and dancer. She is one of Latin America’s top stars
and is very popular internationally. She is the highest-selling
Colombian artist of all time. She has sold more than 50
million albums worldwide, and has won numerous awards.
She is also the only South American singer to have a number
one record in the USA.

Shakira was born in 1977 in Colombia. Her mother is of

Spanish and Italian ancestry, and her father is of Lebanese
descent. She speaks fluent Spanish, English, Portuguese and
Italian, and a little Arabic. Shakira was an outstanding
student at school. Reports are she has an IQ of 140. She
grew up writing poems on a typewriter she got as a Christmas
gift.

Shakira wanted to perform from the age of four. She danced

at school every Friday and her classmates nicknamed her
"belly dancer girl". She said: "That's how I discovered my
passion for live performance." Aged 13, she signed a three-
album contract with Sony Music. The first two flopped; but
the third, ‘Pies Descalzos’ sold over five million copies and
made her a star.
Shakira crossed over into singing in English. Her 2001 album
‘Laundry Service’ sold 13 million copies and established her as
an international phenomenon. Gabriel García Marquez asked
her to write the songs for the movie ‘Love in the Time of
Cholera’. Shakira has written the lyrics to every song she has
recorded, bar two. She describes herself as a perfectionist.

248 words

Frida Kahlo Biography

Birthdate: July 6, 1907
Birthplace: Coyoacan, Mexico
Frida Kahlo's life wasn't an easy one but she made the most of it at went on to become one
of the most recognized artists of her time. Her art, like her life, is complex, fascinating and
inspiring. This is her story.

The Early Years

Frida Kahlo was born July 6, 1907 near Mexico City. When she was six, Kahlo
contracted polio and had to spend nine months confined to her bed. During that time, she
created an imaginary friend who she would later paint in "The Two Fridas." Once she got
better, Frida Kahlo was more determined than ever to live life to the fullest. She became
a tomboy at school and the leader of a group of rebellious youngsters (mostly boys) who
pulled tons of pranks.

Frida Kahlo

Tragedy Strikes Again

In 1925, when Frida Kahlo was 18, the school bus she was riding in collided with
a streetcar. She was impaled with a metal pole, which broke her spinal column. It was
during her a long recovery from this accident that Kahlo discovered her love of painting.

Finding Recognition
After her recovery, Frida Kahlo started hanging out with a group of Mexican artists who
introduced her to well-known Mexican muralist, Diego Rivera. Rivera immediately
recognized her talent and encouraged her to continue painting. In August of 1929, Rivera
and Frida Kahlo got married, but their relationship, was a little messed up - they both had
a lot of affairs. Frida was romantically linked with tons of movie stars, artists, and politicians
from all over the world.

The Artist
Peeps from all over the world loved Kahlo and her art. During her life she had three
exhibitions - one in New York in 1938, one in Paris in 1939, and finally one in Mexico City in
1953. But by that time, Frida Kahlo's old injuries were catching up to her. She was so
unwell she had to attend her Mexican exhibition on a stretcher. Frida Kahlo and her
husband divorced in 1939 but they reunited in less than a year.

The Legacy
Frida Kahlo soon suffered another blow; Her right leg had to be amputated below the
knee due to a gangrene infection. On July 13, 1954, at the age of 47, Frida Kahlo died. At
the time, no one ever officially declared the cause of death but officials suspected it was
suicide. The last entry in Kahlo's diary read, "I hope the leaving is joyful and I hope never to
return."

Irregular Verbs

Base form Past simple Past participle Translation

be was /were been  ser, estar

become became become   llegar a ser

begin began begun  empezar

bite bit bitten  morder

break broke broken  romper

bring brought brought  traer

build built built  construir

burn burned, burnt burned, burnt  quemar

buy bought bought  comprar

catch caught caught  coger

choose chose chosen  elegir

come came come  venir

cost cost cost  costar, valer

cut cut cut  cortar

do did done  hacer

draw drew drawn  dibujar

dream dreamt dreamt  soñar

drink drank drunk  beber

drive drove driven  conducir

eat ate eaten  comer

fall fell fallen  caerse

feed fed fed  alimentar

feel felt felt  sentir

fight fought fought  luchar

find found found  encontrar

fly flew flown  volar

forget forgot forgotten  olvidar

freeze froze frozen  congelar

get got got  obtener

give gave given  dar

go went been / gone  ir

grow grew grown  crecer

have had had  tener

hear heard heard  oír

hit hit hit  golpear

hold held held  mantener

hurt hurt hurt  herir, doler

keep kept kept  guardar, conservar

know knew known  saber, conocer

learn learnt, learned learnt, learned  aprender

leave left left dejar, abandonar

lend lent lent  prestar

let let let  permitir, dejar

lose lost lost  perder

make made made  hacer, fabricar

meet met met  conocer, reunirse

pay paid paid  pagar

put put put  poner

read read read  leer

ride rode ridden montar, manejar

ring rang rung  sonar, llamar

run ran run  correr

say said said  decir

see saw seen  ver

sell sold sold  vender

send sent sent  enviar

shine shone shone brillar

shut shut Shut cerrar

sing sang sung cantar

sit sat sat  sentarse

sleep slept slept  dormir

speak spoke spoken  hablar

spend spent spent  pasar, gastar

stand stood stood  estar de pie

steal stole stolen robar

swim swam swum  nadar

take took taken  coger, llevar

teach taught taught  enseñar

tell told told  decir, contar

think thought thought  pensar, opinar

throw threw thrown  lanzar, echar

wake woke woken  despertarse

wear wore worn  llevar puesto

win won won  ganar

write wrote written  escribir

Regular Verbs

Word Translation

accept aceptar

add añadir

agree estar de acuerdo

allow permitir

answer responder

appear aparecer

arrive llegar

ask preguntar

avoid evitar

ban prohibir

behave comportarse, portarse bien

belong pertenecer

book reservar

borrow pedir prestado

breathe respirar

call llamar

carry llevar, cargar

change cambiar

check comprobar, corregir

clean limpiar

close cerrar

compare comparar

consider considerar

cure curar

dance bailar

decide decidir

depend depender

describe describir

discover descubrir

dislike desagradar, no gustar

dream soñar

enjoy disfrutar

enter entrar

explain explicar

fear temer

fill llenar, rellenar

follow seguir

guess adivinar

happen ocurrir, suceder

heat calentar

hunt cazar, buscar

hurry darse prisa

imagine imaginar

improve mejorar

increase aumentar, subir (precios)

inform informar

invite invitar
 join juntar, unir

jump saltar

kill matar

kiss besar

laugh reír

learn aprender

lie mentir

like gustar

listen to escuchar

live vivir

look mirar

love querer, amar

marry casarse, casar

match unir, hacer juego con

miss echar de menos, perder

mix mezclar

move mover, moverse

need necesitar

note notar, tener en cuenta

obtain obtener

offer ofrecer

open abrir

order pedir, ordenar

own poseer

paint pintar

park aparcar

pass pasar, aprobar

pause detenerse, hacer una pausa

perform actuar, representar

phone llamar
 pick recoger

play jugar

point señalar

possess poseer

practice practicar

prefer preferir

prepare preparar

pretend fingir, aparentar

promise prometer

protect proteger

reach alcanzar, llegar a

receive recibir

reject rechazar

relax relajarse

remember recordar

repeat repetir

rescue rescatar

return volver

save ahorrar, salvar

scream gritar (de miedo)

share compartir

smell oler

smile sonreír

spell deletrear

start empezar

stay quedarse, permanecer

stop parar

suppose suponer, imaginarse

talk charlar, hablar

touch tocar
 travel viajar

trust confiar

try intentar

turn girar, volverse

type escribir (a maquina)

use usar

visit visitar

wait esperar

walk caminar, pasear (animal)

warn advertir, avisar

wash lavar, fregar

waste malgastar, derrochar

water regar

welcome dar la bienvenida

whisper susurrar, cuchichear

wonder preguntarse

work trabajar

worry preocuparse

yell gritar, hablar alto