LAB FILE

ON

E-Commerce LAB

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of

Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.) (B.COM (H))

B.COM (H) VI Semester (Evening)

Batch 2017-2020

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Ms. Palak Gupta Kuldeep Verma

Assistant Professor 01324588817

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL,

KALKAJI

1
 STUDENT’S UNDERTAKING

I hereby certify that this is my original work and it has never been submitted elsewhere.

Name- Kuldeep Verma

Enrollment Number-01324588817

2
 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that Mr.Kuldeep Verma of B.com (H) has completed his file on

“E-Commerce Lab” on her own. His work is up to my satisfaction.

Ms. Palak Gupta

(Assistant Professor)

3
 INDEX

SN QUESTIONS PAGE NO
1 What is a website
2 Discuss features of a good website
3 What is a browser? Discuss Online and Offline browsing
4 Explain Search Engine, its types and examples
5 What is HTML? Discuss other languages used for website
designing
6 Discuss features of B2B Vs B2C website. Give examples.
7  Discuss all HTML Tags with syntax, examples and suitable
attributes-
 Head
 Body
 Heading
 BR
 HR
 Marquee
 Paragraph
 Formatting Tags – B, I, U, Sup, Sub, Strike, Pre
 Font
 Ordered and Unordered List
 IMG
 Hyperlinks- Internal ; External

8 Tables and Nested Tables

9 Frames & Nested Frames- code and web page
10 Forms- code and web page
11 E-Commerce web page – code and web page
12 Assignment I- Cloud Computing - code and web page
13 Assignment II- web page of your choice- code and web page

4
Q1) What is a website?

A website (also written as web site) is a collection of web pages and related content

that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server.
Notable examples are wikipedia.org, google.com, and amazon.com.

All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. There are
also private websites that can only be accessed on a private network, such as a
company's internal website for its employees.

5
Websites are typically dedicated to a particular topic or purpose, such as news,
education, commerce, entertainment, or social networking. Hyperlinking between web
pages guides the navigation of the site, which often starts with a home page.

Users can access websites on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets,

and smartphones. The software application used on these devices is called a web
browser.

Q2) Discuss features of a good website?

Functional
A website is designed to serve a purpose, usually to solve a problem. For example, a
job board has a purpose where employers can post jobs and job seekers can find and
apply for jobs. Once applied, there should be a way for candidates and employers to
communicate and keep up to date with a job application. If you build a job board and it
only lets you post jobs, that’s not enough.

6
Easiness
A website should be easy to use and navigate. When users visit your website, do they
find the information they are looking for, without struggling? Does your website provide
easy navigation to jump from one page to another and go back?

Relevant Content
You do not want to put content on a website that is not relevant to the users. You do not
want to put car details on a job board. If your website is a job board, it should have
content and tips related to being a good candidate such as how to create a professional
resume and how to behave in an interview. You do not want to post about cars or sports
on a job board.

Modern
You want to make sure your website is using current trends and technologies. You do
not want to build a website that does not support today’s needs. For example,
responsiveness and fluid web designs are the key requirements for modern websites.
You do not want to create fixed page layouts for your website that doesn’t support
mobile readability.

Responsive
Responsive web design is a modern need. A responsive website changes its layout and
options to fit the device and browser size. For example, a website may provide more
options on a large PC monitor compared to on a mobile phone.

Performance and Speed

Does your website load fast enough to show visitors what they are looking for? Your
website can’t be slow when presenting content to its visitors. If your website takes more
than two seconds to load, it is probably too slow.

7
Reliable
Is your website reliable? If I apply for a job, does your website send me on-time
notifications and messages to keep me posted with the updates? Can I access your
website whenever and wherever? Is your website up and running 24/7?

Scalable
Do you have sufficient infrastructure to support your website and its visitors? A website
should be able to scale to a number of potential visitors. Not only should the website's
user interface be scalable but the back-end database, APIs, and services too should be
able to scale.

Secure
Security is a major concern to today’s web visitors. You need to make sure that your
website follows industry standards and guidelines. For example, if you have user
registration feature, you want to make sure that user passwords are encrypted and not
displayed in plain text. You also want to ensure that the website is secure and uses SSL
encryption. If you’ve forgotten a password feature, you do not want to provide a reset
password feature without asking the security questions to the user

Q3) What is a browser? Discuss Online and Offline browsing?

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for

accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a
particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web
server and then displays the resulting web page on the user's device.

A web browser is not the same thing as a search engine, though the two are often
confused.[1][2] For a user, a search engine is just a website, such as Google
Search, Bing, or DuckDuckGo, that stores searchable data about other websites.

8
However, to connect to a website's server and display its web pages, a user must have
a web browser installed.[3]

Web browsers are used on a range of devices, including desktops, laptops, tablets,

and smartphones. In 2019, an estimated 4.3 billion people used a browser. [4] The most
used browser is Google Chrome, with a 64% global market share on all devices,
followed by Safari with 17%.

EXAMPLES: Chrome, Opera, Internet explorer, Firefox etc

Online and Offline Browsing

A web browser can be instructed to be in either online or offline states. The browser

attempts to fetch pages from servers while only in the online state. In the offline state,
users can perform offline browsing, where pages can be browsed using local copies of
those pages that have previously been downloaded while in the online state. This can
be useful when the computer is offline and connection to the Internet is impossible or
undesirable. The pages are downloaded either implicitly into the web browser's
own cache as a result of prior online browsing by the user or explicitly by a browser

9
configured to keep local copies of certain web pages, which are updated when the
browser is in the online state, either by checking that the local copies are up-to-date at
regular intervals or by checking that the local copies are up-to-date whenever the
browser is switched to the online One such web browser capable of being explicitly
configured to download pages for offline browsing is Internet Explorer. When pages are
added to the Favourites list, they can be marked to be "available for offline browsing".
Internet Explorer will download to local copies both the marked page and, optionally, all
of the pages that it links to. In Internet Explorer version 6, the level of direct and indirect
links, the maximum amount of local disc space allowed to be consumed, and the
schedule on which local copies are checked to see whether they are up-to-date, are
configurable for each individual Favourites entry

Q4) Explain Search Engine, its types and examples.

The purpose of a search engine is to extract requested information from the huge
database of resources available on the internet. Search engines become an important
day to day tool for finding the required information without knowing where exactly it is
stored. Internet usage has been tremendously increased in recent days with the easy to
use search engines like Google, Bing and Yahoo! There are different types of search
engines to get the information you are looking for.

10
Crawlers

These types of search engines use a "spider" or a "crawler" to search the Internet.  The
crawler digs through individual web pages, pulls out keywords and then adds the pages
to the search engine's database.  Google and Yahoo are examples of crawler search
engines.

The advantage of crawlers are:

 They contain a huge amount of pages. 

 
 Ease of use. 
 
 Familiarity.  Most people who search the Internet are familiar with Google.

There are several disadvantages to crawlers:

 Sometimes, it's just too much information.

 
 It is easy to trick the crawler.  Websites have hidden data that can be
manipulated to make the page appear like it's something it's not.  So, that search
result for Descartes might actually take you to a porn site. 
 
 Page rank can be manipulated.  While search engine companies frown on the
practice, there are ways to improve where your page appears on the list of
results. 

Directories

Directories are human powered search engines.  A website is submitted to the directory
and must be approved for inclusion by editorial staff.  Open Directory Project and the
Internet Public Library are examples of directories.

11
Advantages:

 Each page is reviewed for relevance and content before being included.  This
means no more surprise porn sites.
 Less results sometimes means finding what you need quicker.

Disadvantages:

 Unfamiliar design and format. 

 
 Delay in creation of a website and it's inclusion in the directory.
 
 May have trouble with more obscure searches.

Hybrids

Hybrids are a mix of crawlers and directories.  Sometimes, you have a choice when you
search whether to search the Web or a directory.  Other times, you may receive both
human powered results and crawler results for the same search.  In this case, the
human results are usually listed first. For example, Google may take the description of a
webpage from human powered directories and show in the search results. As human
powered directories are disappearing, hybrid types are becoming more and more
crawler based search engines.

Meta

Meta search engines are ones that search several other search engines at once and
combines the results into one list.  While you get more results with meta search
engines, the relevancy and quality of the results may sometimes
suffer.  Dogpile and Clusty are examples of meta search engines.

12
13
14
Q5) What is HTML? Discuss other languages used for website designing?

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for documents

designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such
as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.

Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage
and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of
a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the
document.

HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML

constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into
the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by
denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes

15
and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets.
Tags such as <img /> and <input /> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags
such as <p> surround and provide information about document text and may include
other tags as sub-elements. Browsers do not display the HTML tags, but use them to
interpret the content of the page.

Other languages used for designing are:

 CSS
CSS is the language developers can use to style a website. The style sheet
language describes how your website is presented and its layout. CSS is used
hand in hand with HTML to add colors, backgrounds, layouts, font sizes, and
more. This language is a core technology web developers use to design and
build websites.
 JAVA
Java is the most popular web programming language. It is used to develop
website content, games, apps, and software. Java is used in the production of
most Android apps. Studies have shown over 15 billion devices are using Java in
some form or other. Java language is portable and can be run on multiple
software platforms.

16
  JAVASCRIPT
JavaScript is used in many aspects of web development. Web developers use
this language to add interactive elements to their websites. User engagement is
important to your business, and your web developer should be incorporating
JavaScript elements in your design
 PYTHON
Python is one of the easiest languages to use and work with. Python can create
a framework for basically any website need. This language uses simple and
straightforward syntax, making it easy for web developers to work with and
explain to their users. Some familiar sites that are using this language are
Pinterest and Instagram.
 SQL
SQL is a database query language that is used when your website is computing
large amounts of data. Using SQL allows you to gather data from different
databases and use it to cater your website to your target audience. This
language is not used alone; instead, it is paired with others to get the most out of
your customer database and website development

Q6) Discuss features of B2B Vs B2C website. Give examples.

B2C and B2B are two forms of commercial transactions. B2C, which stands for
business-to-consumer, is a process for selling products directly to consumers. B2B,
which stands for business-to-business, is a process for selling products or services to
other businesses. The business systems that support B2B or B2C communications,
transactions and sales administration differ in complexity, scope, scale and cost, so it is
important that you implement the right system for your customers.

B2C E-commerce

B2C and B2B are also different forms of electronic commerce. B2C e-commerce is a
process for selling products directly to consumers from a website. Consumers browse
product information pages on your website, select products and pay for them before
delivery at a checkout, using a credit or debit card, or other electronic payment

17
mechanism. Consumers enter their address details and select one of the delivery
options you offer.

The basic B2C business system is relatively simple. You need a method of displaying
products and prices on your website, a mechanism for recording customer details, and
a checkout to accept payment.

B2B E-commerce

You can use a similar website-based business system if you sell low-value products to
business customers and you take payment with orders. However, B2B transactions
normally require a more complex business system. The system must be capable of
accepting orders in different formats such as email, documents or electronic orders. It
must integrate order capture with your other administrative systems such as invoicing,
customer records and accounting.

Example: Amazon Business, India mart, Alibaba

18
Q7) Discuss all HTML Tags with syntax, examples and suitable attributes-

HTML

Every html document must start with this <html> and end with </html>. This tells the
browser that the following file is html file.

Title

Text within these tags appear in the title bar at very top of the browser page

Syntax: <title>……</title>

Head

19
This tag contains the title of the document along with general information about the file
like the author, Copyrights, keywords etc.

Syntax: <head>……. </head>

Body

All the text, images, links, tables, and other information that should appear on the web
pages is placed between these two tags

Syntax: <body>……. </body>

Heading

Headings are used to divide or aasign headings to a web page’s content.heading

consists of <heading no>…….</heading no>. The heading no can be replaced with a
number from 1-6. Heading will always leave a line below and above and will always be
in bold.

Sytanx:<h1>….. </h1> , < h2>….</h2>

BR

The break code inserts a carriage return. It is just like pressing enter key on the
keyboard where it takes you to the next line. Breaks can be given in texts in order to
break the line and continue text on next line. It is an empty tag, ie do not have closing
tag.

Syntax: <br>

HR

The < hr> tag inserts a horizontal line, basically a line that goes across the page. This is
an empty tag , therefore while inserting attributes a space and slash appears at end.
The <hr > tag has several attributes such as

 Size
 Width
 Align

20
  Noshade
 Color

For eg syntax: <hr size=”10” width=”40%” align=”centre” color=”blue” />

Marquee

An HTML marquee is a scrolling piece of text displayed either horizontally across or

vertically down your webpage depending on the settings. This is created by using HTML
<marquees> tag.

Syntax: <marquee attribute_name = "attribute_value"....more attributes>

One or more lines or text message or image
</marquee>

Paragraph tag

The paragraph code sets up paragraphs in a format where text is single spaced with
one blank line between paragraphs. The paragraph code cannot be combined to insert
blank lines but the align attribute can be used to set up the text in different positions

Syntax: <P align =”left”></P>

Formatting Tags

Emphasis Opening tag Closing Tag

Bold <b> </b>
Italics <i> </i>
Underline <u> </u>
Strike through <strike> </strike>
Sub script 
Super Script 
Pre text <pre> </pre>

Font

The font element is used to decide the look of a block of text and how will it be
displayed. It has following attributes:

21
  Size- < font size =”value”>……</font> . font size can be equal to a value from 1-7
 Color: color attribute assigns color to the font. <font color=”color name or RGB
value”>…. </font>
 Face: face attribute assigns style to the font < font face=”arial”>..</font>

Syntax: < font color=”red” size=”4” face=”arial”>…….</font>

Ordered and Unordered List

 Unordered list : An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item
starts with the <li> tag. The list items will be marked with bullets (small
black circles) by default

Sytax:<ul>
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ul>
 Ordered list: An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the
<li> tag. The list items will be marked with numbers by default
Syntax: <ol type="1">
  <li>Coffee</li>
  <li>Tea</li>
  <li>Milk</li>
</ol>

Hyperlinks

HTML links are hyperlinks. You can click on a link and jump to another document. When
you move the mouse over a link, the mouse arrow will turn into a little hand. Hyperlinks
are defined with the HTML <a> tag

Syntax: <a href="url ">link text</a>

22
<html>

<head>

<title> E-Commerce </title>

</head>

<body bgcolor="yellow" text="red">

<h1 align= "center"> <u>E-COMMERCE</u> </h1>

<marquee behavior="alternate" direction="right" bgcolor="pink">= IT IS MY

ECOMMERCE WORLD!!!</marquee>

<b>This is my first HTML Lab.</b>

<br>

<br>

<i>I am learning it.</i>

<br>

H₂()

a^b

<br>

Sale Offer: Shirt Price dropped from <strike> Rs. 8000</strike> to Rs. 5000

<br>

<pre>

*****

***

</pre>

23
<font face = "arial" color = "blue" size= "3">

<p align= "justify">

Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the

buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money
and data to execute these transactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of
physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of commercial transaction
that is facilitated through the internet.E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity
of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet.
Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic
funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction
processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and
automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn driven by the technological
advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics
industry.

</p>

</font>

<center>

<img src="C:\Users\sandeep\Downloads\ecommerce.png" height="60%" width="50%"

border="2" bordercolor="black">

</center>

<font face = "times new roman" color= "green" size="4">

<p align= "right">

The history of ecommerce begins with the first ever online sale: on the August 11, 1994
a man sold a CD by the band Sting to his friend through his website NetMarket, an
American retail platform. This is the first example of a consumer purchasing a product
from a business through the World Wide Web—or “ecommerce” as we commonly know

24
it today.When a consumer sells their own products or services to a business or
organization (e.g. An influencer offers exposure to their online audience in exchange for
a fee, or a photographer licenses their photo for a business to use).Modern electronic
commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's
life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. Typical e-
commerce transactions include the purchase of online books (such as Amazon) and
music purchases (music download in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes
Store), and to a less extent, customized/personalized online liquor store inventory
services.[1] There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic markets,
and online auctions. E-commerce is supported by electronic business

</p>

</font>

<font face ="calibiri" color= "brown" size ="4">

<p align= "center">

Since then, ecommerce has evolved to make products easier to discover and purchase
through online retailers and marketplaces. Independent freelancers, small businesses,
and large corporations have all benefited from ecommerce, which enables them to sell
their goods and services at a scale that was not possible with traditional offline
retail.Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement
Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government
customer fair trade organisations. The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-
operating on tackling consumer problems connected with cross-border transactions in
both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information among the
participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov, an
ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to report complaints about online and
related transactions with foreign companies.

</p>

</font>

25
<u><h2> ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE</H2></U>

<UL TYPE ="CIRCLE">

<LI> 24*7 availability</li>

<li> cheaper prices</li>

<li> convenient</li>

</ul>

<U><H2> TYPES OF E-COMMERCE</H2></U>

<OL TYPE="A" START="1">

<LI> B2B</LI>

<LI> B2C</LI>

<LI> C2C</LI>

<LI> G2C</LI>

</OL>

<br>

check the following link-

<A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"> E-commerce notes</a>

<br><br><br>

</body>

</html>

26
27
Q8) Tables and Nested Tables- code and web page

The HTML tables allow web authors to arrange data like text, images, links, other
tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells.

The HTML tables are created using the <table> tag in which the <tr> tag is used to
create table rows and <td> tag is used to create data cells. The elements under <td>
are regular and left aligned by default

Coding

<html>

<body bgcolor="yellow">

<table border="1" cell padding="6" cell spacing="6">

<caption>STUDENTS DATA BASE</caption>

28
<tr bgcolor="white">

<th rowspan="2"> ROLL NO</th>

<th rowspan="2">NAME</th>

<th colspan="3"> MARKS</Th>

</tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">physics</td>

<td align="center">maths </td>

<td align="center"> chem</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">1</td>

<td align="center">Kuldeep </td>

<td align="center">90</td>

<td align="center">85</td>

<td align="center">89</td>

</tr>

<TR BGCOLOR="PINK">

<td align="center"> 2 </TD>

<td align="center"> Rahul</TD>

<td align="center"> 67</TD>

<td align="center"> 78</TD>

29
<td align="center"> 88</TD>

</TR>

<TR BGCOLOR="PINK">

<td align="center"> 3 </TD>

<td align="center">Raj</TD>

<td align="center"> 56</TD>

<td align="center"> 78</TD>

<td align="center"> 99</TD>

</TR>

</body>

</html>

30
Q9) Frames & Nested Frames- code and web page
Frames are used to divide the browser window into parts/frame where each frame is
capable of showing an HTML page. Therefore , more than one Html pages can be
viewed at a time using frames
Coding for frames:
<html>
<frameset cols="50%, 50%">
<frame src="C:\Users\Kuldeep\Desktop\assignment 2.html">
<frame src="C:\Users\Kuldeep\Desktop\facebook webpage.html">
</frameset>
</html>

31
Coding for nested frames:
<html>
<frameset cols="50%, 50%">
<frame src="C:\Users\Kuldeep\Desktop\assignment 2.html">
<frameset rows="50%, 50%">
<frame src="C:\Users\Kuldeep\Desktop\facebook webpage.html">
<frame src="C:\Users\Kuldeep\Desktop\guyu.html">
</frameset>
</html>

32
Q10) Forms- code and web page

Form is one of the very important feature of html , that provides the user with a way to
communicate information to the web-site for changes to be made on it or for showing
further results on the basis of information provided by the user through these forms or
simply to collect data about and from the user of the web-site

Coding:

<HTML>

<BODY BGCOLOR="red" TEXT="black">

<CENTER>

<caption align="top"><u><h2> APPLICATION FORM</H2></u></CAPTION>

33
</CENTER>

NAME <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="NAME1" SIZE="30" MAXLENGTH="30"

VALUE="TYPE YOUR NAME">

<br>

<br>

EDUCATION <INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="QUALIFICATION"

VALUE="GRADUATE" CHECKED>

GRADUATE

<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="QUALIFICATION" VALUE="POST

GRADUATE"> POST

GRADUATE

<br>

<br>

GENDER <INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="GENDER" VALUE="MALE" CHECKED>

MALE

<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="GENDER" VALUE="FEMALE" > FEMALE

<br>

<br>

SALARY <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" NAME="SALARY" SIZE="10">

<br>

<br>

COUNTRIES <SELECT NAME="COUNTRIES">

<OPTION SELECTED> INDIA

<OPTION> AUSTRALIA

34
 <OPTION> USA

</SELECT>

<br><br>

REMARKS <TEXTAREA ROWS="5" COLS="10" WRAP="PHYSICAL">

</textarea>

<br><br>

<CENTER>

<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="SUBMIT">

<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="RESET">

</CENTER>

</FORM>

</BODY>

</HTML>

35
36
Q11) E-Commerce web page – code and web page
Coding

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>MY WEB PAGE </TITLE>

</HEAD>

<body bgcolor="yellow" text="red">

<h1 align= "center"> <u>E-COMMERCE</u> </h1>

<marquee behavior="alternate" direction="right" bgcolor="pink">= IT IS MY

ECOMMERCE WORLD!!!</marquee>

<b>This is my first HTML Lab.</b>

<br>

<br>

<i>I am learning it.</i>

<br>

H₂()

a^b

<br>

Sale Offer: Shirt Price dropped from <strike> Rs. 8000</strike> to Rs. 5000

<br>

<pre>

*****

37
***

</pre>

<font face = "arial" color = "blue" size= "3">

<p align= "justify">

Ecommerce, also known as electronic commerce or internet commerce, refers to the

buying and selling of goods or services using the internet, and the transfer of money
and data to execute these transactions. Ecommerce is often used to refer to the sale of
physical products online, but it can also describe any kind of commercial transaction
that is facilitated through the internet.E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity
of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet.
Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic
funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction
processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and
automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn driven by the technological
advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics
industry.

</p>

</font>

<center>

<img src="C:\Users\sandeep\Downloads\ecommerce.jpg" height="60%" width="50%"

border="2" bordercolor="black">

</center>

<font face = "times new roman" color= "green" size="4">

<p align= "right">

38
The history of ecommerce begins with the first ever online sale: on the August 11, 1994
a man sold a CD by the band Sting to his friend through his website NetMarket, an
American retail platform. This is the first example of a consumer purchasing a product
from a business through the World Wide Web—or “ecommerce” as we commonly know
it today.When a consumer sells their own products or services to a business or
organization (e.g. An influencer offers exposure to their online audience in exchange for
a fee, or a photographer licenses their photo for a business to use).Modern electronic
commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's
life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. Typical e-
commerce transactions include the purchase of online books (such as Amazon) and
music purchases (music download in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes
Store), and to a less extent, customized/personalized online liquor store inventory
services.[1] There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic markets,
and online auctions. E-commerce is supported by electronic business

</p>

</font>

<font face ="calibiri" color= "brown" size ="4">

<p align= "center">

Since then, ecommerce has evolved to make products easier to discover and purchase
through online retailers and marketplaces. Independent freelancers, small businesses,
and large corporations have all benefited from ecommerce, which enables them to sell
their goods and services at a scale that was not possible with traditional offline
retail.Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement
Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government
customer fair trade organisations. The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-
operating on tackling consumer problems connected with cross-border transactions in
both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information among the
participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov, an

39
ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to report complaints about online and
related transactions with foreign companies.

</p>

</font>

<u><h2> ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE</H2></U>

<UL TYPE ="CIRCLE">

<LI> 24*7 availability</li>

<li> cheaper prices</li>

<li> convenient</li>

</ul>

<U><H2> TYPES OF E-COMMERCE</H2></U>

<OL TYPE="A" START="1">

<LI> B2B</LI>

<LI> B2C</LI>

<LI> C2C</LI>

<LI> G2C</LI>

</OL>

<br>

check the following link-

<A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce"> E-commerce notes</a>

<br><br><br>

<table border="1" cell padding="6" cell spacing="6">

<tr bgcolor="white">

40
<td align="center">B2B</td>

<TD ALIGN="center"> B2C</TD>

</tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">C2B</td>

<TD ALIGN="center">C2C </TD>

</tr>

</TABLE>

<br><br><br>

<table border="1" cell padding="6" cell spacing="6">

<tr bgcolor="white">

<td rowspan="2"> CRICKET TEAMS</td>

<td align="center">INDIA</td>

<TD ALIGN="center"> SOUTH AFRICA</TD>

</tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">SRI LANKA</td>

<TD ALIGN="center"> NEW ZEALAND</TD>

</tr>

</TABLE>

<br><br><br>

<table border="1" cell padding="6" cell spacing="6">

41
<caption>STUDENTS DATA BASE</caption>

<tr bgcolor="white">

<th rowspan="2"> ROLL NO</th>

<th rowspan="2">NAME</th>

<th colspan="3"> MARKS</Th>

</tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">physics</td>

<td align="center">maths </td>

<td align="center"> chem</td>

</tr>

<tr>

<tr bgcolor="pink">

<td align="center">1</td>

<td align="center">Kuldeep </td>

<td align="center">90</td>

<td align="center">85</td>

<td align="center">89</td>

</tr></BODY></HTML>

42
43
44
Q12) Assignment I - Cloud Computing - code and web page
To design a sample web page using following HTML tags :1. Head 2. Body 3.
Heading 4. Paragraph 5. Marquee 6. Image 7. Ordered list 8. Unordered list

CODING
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>CLOUD COMPUTING </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="ORANGE" text="black">
<h1 align="center"> <u>CLOUD COMPUTING</u></h1>
<font face="arial" color="blue" size="4">
Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of IT resources over the Internet with pay-
as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and
servers, you can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and
databases, on an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like Amazon Web Services.
Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of
scale. Cloud providers typically use a "pay-as-you-go" model, which can lead to
unexpected operating expenses if administrators are not familiarized with cloud-pricing
models.
</p>
</font>
<MARQUEE BEHAVIOR="ALTERNATE" DIRECTION="RIGHT"
BGCOLOR="GREEN"> ITS MY ASSIGNMENT</MARQUEE>
<center>
<img src="C:\Users\sandeep\Downloads\cloud computing.jpg" height="60%"
width="50%" border="2" bordercolor="black">
</center>
<u><h2> ADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING</h2></u>
<ul type="circle">
<li>FREE SPACE</li>
<li> ONLINE DATA</li>

45
<li> 24*7 AVAILABLE </li>
</ul>
<u><h2> TYPE OF CLOUD COMPUTING</H2></U>
<OL TYPE="I" start="1">
<li>PUBLIC </LI>
<LI> PRIVATE</LI>
<LI>HYBRID</LI>
</OL>
<BR><BR><BR>
</body>
</html>

46
Q13) Assignment II - web page of your choice - code and web page
HTML tags to code a basic web page.
Start by creating a new .html file in notepad.
Develop a basic web page using the HTML tags you learned in class. Try to make
your page look different than the example HTML page that we developed during
class. Include each of the following elements in ANY order:
 The correct html, head, and body tags
 Insert the following phrase, without the quotes, as your title tag:
 “HTML Beginner Exercise by <insert your first and last name>.”
 Example: HTML Beginner Exercise by Alka Sharma
 Add a suitable heading of your page.  3 paragraphs-right, center, justify
 Change font of each paragraph
 One unordered list of items (must include at least four items)  One
ordered list of items (must include at least four items)  A bold word or
phrase anywhere on the page
 A centered word or phrase anywhere on the page
 An italicized word or phrase anywhere on the page
 At least three hypertext links to other sites on the Internet  A line of
scrolling text  Two .jpg or .gif images images

47
  For this exercise, you should select an image that is already
 existing on the web. Once you find an image, you want to find
 the associated URL and point to it from your web page. To
 point to an image on the web, right click the image, view the
 image information, copy and paste the image’s URL into
 notepad using the correct HTML tags.  A working e-mail address link
(where someone can click the link and
 send you e-mail such as clarketb@jmu.edu)  At least two horizontal lines
(rules) anywhere in two different areas of the page

Coding:
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML Beginners Exercise by Kuldeep Verma </title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#999966" text="black">
<h1 align="center"> <u>DIGITAL MARKETING</u></h1>
<font face="arial" color="blue" size="4">
Digital marketing is the marketing of products or services using digital technologies on
the Internet, through mobile phone Apps, display advertising, and any other digital
mediums. Digital marketing channels are systems based on the Internet that can create,
accelerate, and transmit product value from producer to a consumer terminal, through
digital networks.
</p>
</font>

48
<MARQUEE BEHAVIOR="ALTERNATE" DIRECTION="RIGHT"
BGCOLOR="GREEN"> ITS MY ASSIGNMENT</MARQUEE>
<center>
<img src="https://multichannelmerchant.com/wp-
content/uploads/2018/07/digitalmarketing850.jpg" height="60%" width="50%"
border="2" bordercolor="black">
</center>
<font face="arial" color="blue" size="4">
The development of digital marketing, during the 1990s and 2000s, changed the way
brands and businesses use technology for marketing. As digital platforms became
increasingly incorporated into marketing plans and everyday life, and as people
increasingly use digital devices instead of visiting physical shops, digital marketing
campaigns have become prevalent, employing combinations of search engine
optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer
marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, data-driven marketing, e-
commerce marketing, social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct
marketing, display advertising, e–books, and optical disks and become commonplace.
<center>
<img src="https://thumbs.gfycat.com/AdorableImportantCaecilian.webp" height="60%"
width="50%" border="2" bordercolor="black">
</center>
<u><h2> ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL MARKETING</h2></u>
<ul type="circle">
<li>GLOBAL REACH</li>
<li> LOWER COST</li>
<li> OPENNESS </li>
</ul>
<u><h2> DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL MARKETING</H2></U>
<OL TYPE="I" start="1">
<li>SKILLS AND TRAINING </LI>
<LI> HIGH COMPETITION</LI>
<LI>FEEDBACK</LI>

49
<br>
<h4><font color="#663300"> Check the following links: </h4></font>
<A href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_marketing"> about digital marketing </a>
<br>
<A href="https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/what-is-digital-
marketing/"> advantages & disadvantages of digital marketing </a>
<br>
</OL>
</body>
</html>

50
51