ST. GEORGE CO- ED SR. SEC.

SCHOOL

CLASS VIIII

SOCIAL STUDIES

MARKING SCHEME

QUESTION 1:-

1. (A ) Rangoon
2. ( B ) Police
3. ( A ) 552
4. (B ) Rowlett Act
5. (C ) Taiga
6. ( C ) First-
7. ( C ) Fertile soil for agriculture
8. ( C ) 16 August 1946

QUESTION 2:-

1. Allegories are sketches, pictures, paintings, poems etc which are used to spread the idea
of Nationalism.
2. The Employment of Manual Scavengers and construction of Dry Latrines ,1993 states
that there should be adequate quantity of water supply available and those lacking are
subject to punishment for the purpose.
3. The discrimination which separated the Black and the White people and discriminated
according to the caste, color, creed and sex. Mahatma Gandhi at South Africa helped to
abolish this practice.
4. Tropical evergreen forests are also called the ‘Lungs of the earth’ because of the 75% of
oxygen supply all over the world.
5. The partition in India faced the challenge of taking care of food, clothing , housing and
welfare facilities of the people who left their homes and moved into a stranger country.
The people who are living in another country are called Refugees.
6. Rajya Sabha is called council of states because the people are elected through rigorous
democratic elections and are elected through collective voting.
7. Government is essential for the regulation of laws and policies , maintaining harmony
among the citizens of the country and to promote equality among the citizens with the
aim of the development of the country.
8. Sir. Henry Lawrence was an official appointed by british government for the suppression
of revolt at awadh.
QUESTION: - 3

1. Calicut
2. Untouchables
3. Begum Hazrat Mahal
4. Xerophytes
5. Jhansi
6. Indigo
7. Rice
8. Knighthood

QUESTION: - 4

1. The factors affecting the distribution of population in a country are :-

 Climate :- The people living in the country wants a place with moderate climatic
conditions. No person wants to live in a place with Harsh climatic conditions.
 Soil :- The people living in the country wants a place having rich quality soil
which is helpful for agriculture.
2. The Rani of Jhansi , Laxmi bai suffered a lot by the introduction of Doctrine of Lapse
introduced by Lord Dalhousie. Under the system, Only a legal heir can take the position
of his / her deceased father. Adopted son can only use the personal assets. Damodar, the
son of Laxmibai was adopted and faced such problems.
3. The civil disobedience movement was suspended because of the agreement made in
between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord. Irwin which demanded for the suspension of the
movement against the release of the prisoners and the arrangement of second round table
conference.

4. To eradicate Untouchability :-
 We can promote equality by teaching students at the early ages so that the idea of
discrimination cannot take place in their minds.
 We can adopt some awareness programmes by which we can
5. The temperate grasslands , mainly, prairies are called granaries of the world due to large
scale wheat production which is supplied all over the world.
6. Martial Law is a system under which the head officer of army has been appointed as the
head chief of the government. In 1921, General Dyer became the head of the british
government and ordered the brutal mass killing of Indians who came at Jallianwala Bagh
to attend a public meeting and for Baisakhi Fair.
 7. The farming in which the crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in the market is
known as commercial farming. The commercial farming is categorized into 3 main
heads: - Commercial grain farming , mixed farming and plantation agriculture.
8. Muhammad Ali Jinnah wants india to be two saperate nations because according to him,
india is not a sacred place and he wants a sacred place where the muslim community can
adapt themselves and start following their religious practices. He also wants to safeguard
the rights of the muslim community.

QUESTION: - 5

1. The final wave of annexations occurred under Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor-
General from 1848 to 1856. He devised a policy that came to be known as the Doctrine of
Lapse. The doctrine declared that if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom
would “lapse”, that is, become part of Company territory. One kingdom after another was
annexed simply by applying this doctrine: Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur
(1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854). Finally, in 1856, the Company also took over
Awadh. This time the British had an added argument – they said they were “obliged by
duty” to take over Awadh in order to free the people from the “misgovernment” of the
Nawab Enraged by the humiliating way in which the Nawab was deposed, the people of
Awadh joined the great revolt that broke out in 1857. Warren Hastings (Governor-
General from 1773 to 1785) was one of the many important figures who played a
significant role in the expansion of Company power. By his time the Company had
acquired power not only in Bengal, but also in Bombay and Madras. British territories
were broadly divided into administrative units called Presidencies.

Administrative System: There were three Presidencies: Bengal, Madras and Bombay.

Each was ruled by a Governor. The supreme head of the administration was the
Governor-General. Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General, introduced several
administrative reforms, notably in the sphere of justice.

2. In January 1941, Subhash Chandra Bose disappeared from his home in Calcutta and
reached Germany via Afghanistan. Working on the maxim that “an enemy’s enemy is a
friend”, he sought cooperation of Germany and Japan against British Empire. In January
1942, he began his regular broadcasts from Radio Berlin, which aroused tremendous
enthusiasm in India. In July 1943, he arrived in Singapore from Germany. In Singapore
he took over the reins of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia from Rash
Behari Bose and organised the Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army) comprising
mainly of Indian prisoners of war. He was hailed as Netaji by the Army as well as by the
Indian civilian population in East Asia. Azad Hind Fauj proceeded towards India to
liberate it from British rule. En-route it liberated Andaman Nicobar Islands. The I.N.A.
Head quarters was shifted to Rangoon in January 1944. Azad Hind Fauj crossed the
Burma Border, and stood on Indian soil on March 18 ,1944.
3. Water or working fluid is heated (or used directly incase of geothermal dry steam power
plants), and then sent through a steam turbine where the thermal energy (heat) is
converted to electricity with a generator through a phenomenon called electromagnetic
induction. The next step in the cycle is cooling the fluid and sending it back to the heat
source. Water that has been seeping into the underground over time has gained heat
energy from the geothermal reservoirs. There no need for additional heating, as you
would expect with other thermal power plants. Heating boilers are not present in
geothermal steam power plants and no heating fuel is used.
4. In India, there are equal number of challenges and opportunities. Rail experts believe that
the rail transport systems are six times more energy efficient than road and four times
more economical. The social costs in terms of environment damage or degradation are
significantly lower in rail. Rail construction costs are approximately six times lower than
road for comparable levels of traffic. Historically, the Indian railways have played a
leading role in carrying passengers and cargo across India.

5. To Control, Guide and Inform the Government:

(i) The Parliament, while in session, begins with a question hour.

(ii) The question hour is an important mechanism through which an MP can elect information

about the working of the government.

(iii) The Opposition parties play a crucial role in the healthy functioning of

the democracy.

iv) The highlight drawbacks in various policies and programmes of the government and

mobilise popular support for their own policies.

(v) The government gets valuable feedback and is kept on its toes by the questions asked

by the MPs.

(vi) Law-making is a significant function of the parliament.

6. The original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as
opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower
court's decision.
7. Passed in March 1919 by the Imperial Legislative Council. This act authorised the
British government to arrest anybody suspected of terrorist activities. It also authorised
the government to detain such people arrested for up to 2 years without trial. It
empowered the police to search a place without a warrant. It also placed severe
restrictions on the freedom of the press. The act was passed as per recommendations of
the Rowlatt Committee chaired by a judge, Sir Sidney Rowlatt. The act was widely
condemned by Indian leaders and the public. The bills came to be known as ‘black bills’.
The act was passed despite unanimous opposition from the Indian members of the
council, all of whom resigned in protest. These included Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Madan
Mohan Malviya and Mazhar Ul Haq. In response to this act, a nationwide hartal was
 called by Gandhiji on 6th April. This was called the Rowlatt Satyagraha. The movement
was cancelled by Gandhiji when it was marred by rioting in some provinces, particularly
in Punjab where the situation was grim. The British government’s primary intention was
to repress the growing nationalist movement in the country.

8. Coniferous forests have no distinct layers with tall trees which are generally 20 to 30
metres in height. There is also little undergrowth because of the low amount of sunlight
received and low soil nutrient level. On the other hand, tropical rainforests have five
distinct layers — the undergrowth layer, the shrub layer, the understorey layer, canopy
layer and the emergent layer. Only a few species of trees grow in the coniferous forests
because not many plants can adapt to the low temperatures and precipitation. However, a
tropical can support many diverse species of flora. 1 hectare of tropical rainforest may
contain more than 750 species of trees and 1500 species of plants. Tropical rainforests are
extremely dense due to high temperatures and rainfall. The trees in coniferous forests are
not as dense as the low temperatures and precipitation cannot support dense vegetation
growth.

QUESTION :- 6

1. In 1931 , Gandhiji met the viceroy Lord. Irwin and signed the Gandhi Irwin Pact. Under
its terms , the government agreed to release all political prisoners except those charged
with acts of violence. The congress, in turn , agreed to suspend the civil rights movement
and participate in the second round table.
Consequently , In september 1931 , Gandhiji went to London for another conference. The
british government had also invited representatives from organisations connected to
Muslims , sikhs , christians and the indian princes. Most of the people claimed to be
representatives only of their respective communities. Only gandhiji represented the whole
country. The government refused to accept the demands put up by gandhiji and the
conference ended as a failure.
The arrangement was not successful . After Gandhiji returned to india , the congress
resumed the civil disobedience movement. The government's repression intensified.
Lakhs of people were put in jail. All major leaders including gandhiji were arrested.

OR

Among anti-colonial nationalists, Bhagat Singh and M.K. Gandhi are seen to exemplify
absolutely contrasting strategies of resistance. Bhagat Singh is regarded as a violent
revolutionary whereas Gandhi is the embodiment of non-violence. This paper argues that
Bhagat Singh and his comrades became national heroes not after their murder of a police
inspector in Lahore or after throwing bombs in the Legislative Assembly in New Delhi
but during their practice of hunger strikes and non-violent civil disobedience within the
walls of Lahore's prisons in 1929–30. In fact there was plenty in common in the strategies
of resistance employed by both Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. By labelling these
 revolutionaries ‘murderers’ and ‘terrorists’, the British sought to dismiss their non-violent
demands for rights as ‘political prisoners’. The same labels were adopted by Gandhi and
his followers. However, the quality of anti-colonial nationalism represented by Bhagat
Singh was central to the resolution of many of the divisions that racked pre-partition
Punjab.

2. Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought between the forces of East India Company under
Robert Clive and the army of Siraj-ud-Daulah at Plassey(between Calcutta and
Murshidabad). Mir Jafar bribed Indian solders to throw away their weapons and Clive on
the battle.
the British consolidated their position in Bengal by making Mir Jafar as the Nawab of
Bengal. He gifted large sums of money and 24 Parganas of Bengal to the British. But Mir
Jafar could not fulfill the demand of  British, therefore Britishers installed his son-in-law,
Mir Qasim as the Nawab .He gives equal facilities to British and Indian merchants, which
annoyed the British and they attacked him. Mir Qasim took the refuge at Awadh and the
Battle of Plassey came to end.