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Chapter 1
Vector Algebra
Part 2

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 (4) Vector Triple Product

Ax(BxC)=B(A.C)-C(A.B)

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Components of vector
Projection

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 |A B|
cos  
|A |
| A B || A | cos  | aB |
in B direction
| A B | A .aB
Scalar Component of A along B
| AB | A.aB
Vector Component of A along B
AB  ( A.aB )aB 5
A=3ay+4az
B=4ax-10ay+5az
(a) Find the component of A along B
scalar component :
| A B | A.a B
| B |16  100  25  11.874
B 4ax  10ay  5az
aB  
|B| 11.874
 0.3368ax  0.84215ay  0.421az
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| A B | A.aB
 (3ay  4az).(0.3368ax  0.84215ay  0.421az)
 2.5264  1.684  0.8424

vector component :
A B  ( A.aB )aB  0.8424* (0.3368ax  0.84215ay  0.421az)
 0.2837ax  0.7092ay  0.3546az

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(b) Determine unit vector perpendicular to
both A and B
AxB 
| AxB |
AxB
aAxB  
| AxB |

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Vectors: a=(4,0,-1) , b=(1,3,4) , c=(-5,-3,-3)
(a) Show that these vectors form a triangle
We prove that by prove tringle cosine formula :
a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos A
|a|  2
 16  0  1   17
2

 1  9  16   26
2 2
|b|
 25  9  9   43
2 2
|c|
b.c  5  9  12  26   | b | | c | cos A
 2 | b | | c | cos A  2b.c  -2 * -26  52 9
b  c  2bc cos A  26  43  52  17......(1)
2 2

 
2
| a |  16  0  1  17.........( 2)
2

 (1)  ( 2) satisfy

a.b  0  Rigth triangle

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(b) Find the area of the triangle ?

| AxB | 32  172  122  21.02

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area of triangle  | AxB | 10.5
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(a) Find scalar projection of T on S

| Ts | T .as  ........

(b) Find vector projection of S on T

ST  ( S .aT )aT  .......

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Points: P=(-1,4,8) , Q=(2,-1,3) , R=(-1,2,3)
(e) Find the perimeter of triangle PQR
PQ  Q  P  (3,5,5)
| PQ | 9  25  25  59
QR  R  Q  ( 3,3,0)
| QR | 990  18
RP  P  R  (0,2,5)
| RP | 0  4  25  29

Perimeter  59  18  29  17.309
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 A=x2y ax – yz ay + yz2 az
(a) Find the magnitude of A at point T(2,-1,3)
AT ( 2 , 1, 3)  4ax  3ay  9az
| A |T  16  9  81  106  10.29
(b) Distance vector from T to S if S is 5.6 units
from T and the same direction as A at T
 4ax  3ay  9az
aA T 
10.29
 4ax  3ay  9az
TS  5.6 * a A T  5.6 *
10.29
TS  2.17ax  1.63ay  4.89az 14
 (c) The position vector of S
let S  (a, b, c)
T  (2,-1,3) given
TS  2.17ax  1.63ay  4.89az .... from (b) .......... (1)
TS  S  T  ( a  2, b  1, c  3)......... .......... ( 2)
from (1) & (2)
a - 2  -2.17  a  -0.17
b  1  1.63  b  0.63
c  3  4.89  c  1.895
the position vector of S :
S  0.17ax  0.63ay  1.895az
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 P1=(5,2,-4) , P2=(1,1,2) , P3(-3,0,8)
(a) Show that P1,P2 and P3 lie on a straight line
P1P 2  P 2  P1  (1,1,2)  (5,2,4)  4ax  ay  6az
P1P3  P3  P1  (3,0,8)  (5,2,4)  8ax  2ay  12az

( P1P 2) x(P1P3 )  0ax  0ay  0az    0

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P1=(5,2,-4) , P2=(1,1,2) , P3(-3,0,8)
other sol : finding the equ. of the line P1P2
then check if P3 lies on the line
if P3 satisfy P1P2 line equ. then it lies on the same line
P1P   ( P1P 2)
P  P1   ( P 2  P1)
P  P1   ( P 2  P1)
P  (5ax  2ay  4az)   ( 4ax  ay  6az)
P  (5  4 ) ax  ( 2   ) ay  ( 4  6 ) az
P3  3ax  0ay  8az
5  4  3    2  So P3 lies on
2  0    2 the line P1P2
 4  6  8    2 17
P1=(1,2,-3) , P2=(-4,0,5) find:
(a) The distance P1P2
P1P 2  P 2  P1  5ax  2ay  8az
| P1P 2 | 25  4  64  9.644

(b) The equation of the line P1P2

P1P   ( P1P 2)
P  P1   ( P 2  P1)
P  P1   ( P 2  P1)
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P  P1   ( P 2  P1)
P  (ax  2ay  3az)   (5ax  2ay  8az)
P  (1  5 )ax  (2  2 )ay  (8  3)az
(c) The shorted distance between the
line P1P2 and point P3(7,-1,2)
P1P3  P3  P1  6ax  3ay  5az
| P1P3 | 36  9  25  8.366
P1P 2  5ax  2ay  8az
| P1P 2 | 9.644
P1P 2.P1P3  30  6  40  16
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cos   0.19
(8.366 * 9.644)
  78.56
d
sin  
8.366
d  sin(78.56) * 8.366  8.2 20
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