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Dowry System Practice Among Tribal Community of India
Dowry System Practice Among Tribal Community of India
INTRODUCTION
“Any young man, who makes dowry the condition to marriage, discredits his
education and his country and dishonours womanhood.”
-Mahatma Gandhi
The dowry practice puts heavy financial burden on the bride's family. In some cases
to get more dowry, it also leads to crime against women such as emotional abuse,
physical injury or even deaths.
But when British rule came, they didn’t want women to own any property. Women
were not allowed to buy any property, land or assets. Hence, men started owning all
the “Gifts” given to the bride by her parents.This rule changed the pure dowry system
into an evil practise. Now brides were being looked at as a source of income.
Although the origin of the custom lies with parents trying to assure financial stability
for their daughters, today it has translated into parents paying up for the fundamental
condition for marriage of their daughters. The jewelry and cash brought by the bride
from her parents’ house is referred to as “Stridhan” and in theory is the property of
the girl, but in reality it is often treated as their rightful due by the groom’s family.
Solutions :- The following solutions can be helpful to end this practice and culture:-
Kritika (C20-079)
Their number and other demographic features vary from one part of the country to
another. The census of 2011 mentions that Bhil is the largest tribe in India having a
population of over 40 lacs. Tribal societies and their people form an integral part of
our society.
● Importance of Kinship :- Most tribes are divided into exogamous clans and
lineages. Marriage among them is based on endogamy. It is viewed as a
contract and there is no prohibition on divorce and remarriage.
● Egalitarian Values :- The tribal society is based on the egalitarian principle.
They don’t have the caste or sex based inequalities. So, both men and
women have equal status and freedom.
● Rudimentary type of Religion :- They believe in certain myths and a
rudimentary type of religion.
● Work :- 91% tribal workers are engaged in agriculture as against 73%
national average. About 3% tribals are engaged in manufacturing as against
11% of general population and 5% in servicing sectors as against 16%
average of general population. About 1% tribals are engaged in forestry and
food gathering.
● Prevalence of Dormitories :- They have common sleeping chambers or
dormitories. Such organisations train the youth in the tribal ways of life. These
are the centres which preserve tribal legends,music, dance, paintings, etc.
● Need for Protection :- The tribals always experience the need for protection.
Hence, they are a cohesive group. It is a homogeneous group also. There is
less diversity and more unity and uniformity.
Some other features of the tribals are that most of them live in isolated terrains and
the main sources of their livelihood are agriculture and gathering of forest produce.
They do not cultivate for profit. They spend a greater part of their earnings on social
and religious ceremonies. A large number of them are illiterate and are victimised by
forest contractors and moneylenders.
men have to pay a good amount during marriage to the bride's family. While
'bhangjad' is the bride price which a girl's family gets during marriage, 'davoo'
is a compensation that either of the family gets in case of separation between
couples.
● Jharkhand Tribal Community :- Bhumij community in Jharkhand follows a
very unique tradition in marriage. There is no dowry system in the tribal
community but there is a tradition where the groom’s family has to give two
oxen to the bride’s brother. There has never been a case in this community,
where a tribal woman was forced to give dowry or faced dire consequences
because of the failure to do so. The bride’s family does not have to give
anything, in fact, they are the receivers. If there are no oxen due to
unavailability, the groom has to give the price of the two oxen to his
brother-in-law. This unique practice has a hidden message behind this. They
believe that with this tradition, the bride's brother must use the oxen for
farming and grow rice and practice agriculture, so that when his sister comes
back to visit her family to her parents home, her brother could host them
properly, and would be able to give a feast to his sister and his brother-in-law.
The widow is allowed to remarry also in this community.
● Rabaris Tribal Community :- Rabaris are generally nomadic and can be
found in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and
Karnataka where they roam in search of green pastures. Their wealth lies in
livestock, mainly cattle. They believe that they are not vulgar as urbanites.
They do not have any dowry deaths, broken engagements or marriages and
divorces. The groom's father gives the bride's father a nominal sum of Rs 5 at
the time of the engagement and an additional Rs 1,150 at the time of the
wedding to bear the expenses of the ceremony. Dowry is given only by those
who can afford it but the total sum never exceeds Rs 5,000.
● Baigas Tribal Community :- This community of central India has never heard
of dowry norm. Here, things are done differently. There is no settlement or
dowry. Instead, the groom’s family visits the bride’s family with two bottles of
alcohol as a sign of establishing a relationship between the two families. The
wedding ceremony is also unique. It entails ritual baths, traditional dance and
music, along with a ring ceremony where the groom runs to put a ring on the
bride’s finger through a cheering gathering of guests.
● Badaga communities :- This community lives mainly in the Nilgiris District in
Tamil Nadu, India. They also form the single largest community of the Nilgiris.
Though classified backward, they follow many progressive thoughts such as
absence of a dowry system, mutual consent divorce and widow remarriage.
● Garasia community :- This community of Rajasthan has a low incidence of
rape and dowry deaths due to some arrangement called dapa. They live with
the girl and marry their live-in partners only when they have sufficient money.
Kritika (C20-079)
CONCLUSION
The practice of the dowry system in India depends upon multiple factors including
the geographical area, residence, inheritance system, social system, education,
women's role in production or economy, kinship, relative availability of potential
spouses, and social stratification in society. We examined how the dowry system
turned from a sweet gesture into an evil practice in India. We also looked upon
various causes, effects and solutions to the dowry system in general. Indian tribal
community also forms a significant proportion of the population of India. These
communities are strengthened with unity and common custom and culture.
equally and are given equal status and respect. Females are independent and have
equal opportunities and choices. They are not considered inferior to males. But many
tribal communities follow the custom of “reverse dowry” or “bride price” which also
needs to be completely eradicated from their society to bring the idea of gender
equality in true sense.
REFERENCES
● https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/a-tribe-that-pays-dowry-to-t
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● https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-madhya-pradesh-a-campaign-to-save-
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● https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/06/marriage-an-alien-notion-indian-t
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● https://indiantribalheritage.org/?p=16376
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