Soran University

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum Properties LAB

Title: effect of temperature on the density of fluids

Experiment No.: 01
Name: Aso Shaxawan
Group: A4
Date: 3 Feb 2020
Supervisor (s): Mr. Foad Yousefi
Ms. Mariam
Contents
Aim..................................................................................................................................................1
Theory..............................................................................................................................................1
Apparatus.........................................................................................................................................2
Procedure.........................................................................................................................................4
Results and Discussion....................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
Reference.........................................................................................................................................6

List of Figures
Figure 1 Crude oil............................................................................................................................2
Figure 2 beaker................................................................................................................................2
Figure 3 Graduated cylinder............................................................................................................3
Figure 4 Thermometer.....................................................................................................................3
Figure 5 Heater................................................................................................................................3
Figure 6 Hydrometer........................................................................................................................3
Figure 7:density of cruid oil by hydrometer....................................................................................5

List of tables
Table 1 results..................................................................................................................................4
Aim
To determine density of liquids at various temperature by using pycnometer and
hydrometer.

Theory
Density is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object has to its volume.
An object with much matter in a certain volume has high density. An object with little matter in
the same amount of volume has a low density. Density is found by dividing the mass of an object
by its volume (Sachan, 2010).

𝜌=𝑚/V

where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.

There are several different methods to determine density, including pycnometer and
hydrometer methods. A hydrometer is a glass float with lead ballast that is floated in the liquid.
The level at which hydrometer is floating in the liquid is proportional to the specific gravity of
the liquid. Through graduation of the hydrometer the specific gravity can be read directly from
the stalk of hydrometer (Riazi, 2005).

Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water.
The pycnometer is a flask with a close-fitting ground glass stopper with a fine hole through it, so
that a given volume can be accurately obtained. This enables the density of a fluid to be
measured accurately, by reference to an appropriate working fluid such as water or mercury,
using an electrical balance (Anon., 2004).

1
Apparatus
Material:
• crude oil
Equipment:
• Beaker
• Graduated cylinder
• Thermometer
• Heater
• Hydrometer

Figure 2 Crude oil Figure 1 beaker

2
Figure 3 Graduated cylinder Figure 4 Thermometer

3
 Figure 5 Hydrometer
Figure 6 Heater

Procedure Temperature (°c) Density (g/cm3)

1. Filled the beaker with crude oil.

10.5 0.88
2. Recorded temperature by thermometer.
20 0.874
3. Poured crude oil to 25 0.868
the graduated cylinder.
30 0.864
40 of the liquid at temperature
4. Determined the density 0.86 10.5°C using hydrometer.

5. Filled the beaker with crude oil and put on a heater to increase temperature.

6. Heated the sample to measure its density at temperatures 20, 25, 30 and 40°C.

Results and Discussion

4
 Table 1 results

Density of cruid oil

0.89

0.88
Temperature (°c) Density (g/cm3)
0.88
Temperature (c)

0.87 10.5 0.88

0.87 20 0.874
25 0.868
0.86
30 0.864
0.86 40 0.86

0.85
10.5 20 25 30 40
Density (g/cm3)

Figure 7:density of cruid oil by hydrometer

The results that have been calculated and plotted above are the results of density of criud
oil at various temperatures. In this experiment, the densities of gasoline were measured at various
temperatures using hydrometer methods. As the temperature increased, the density decreased.
Errors might have been detected due to the inaccurately temperature increase.

5
Conclusion
In the lab experiment Hydrometer method of measuring density were familiarized and
densities of Crude oil at varying temperatures were determined by hydrometer. It is concluded
that density is inversely proportional to temperature. All in all, density of luquids decrease as
temperature is increased.

6
Reference

• Anon., 2004. Determining Density Using the Pycnometer, s.l.: s.n.

• Riazi, M. R., 2005. Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions. 1st ed. s.l.: s.n.

• Sachan, s., 2010.Define density. [Online]

Available at: https://brainly.in/question/6171083 [Accessed 7 Feb 2020].