Chapter 07-Lesson 06 - Deflection PDF

ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE
BS 8110-1:1997
Chapter 07 – Unit 02
Chapter 07 – Lesson 06
DEFLECTION OF BEAMS
F. M. M Abdullah
Chapter 07 – Lesson 02 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
CHAPTER 07 – LESSON 06
DEFLECTION OF BEAM
GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, you should be able to:-

1. Check that the deflection of beams do not exceed the allowable values
2. Calculate the bending moment that can be carried by the beam section when the grade of steel is already
provided
7.1 DEFLECTION
Excessive deflection in member can cause defect of the finishes, partition wall etc. BS 8110: Part 2, Clause
3.2 states that the amount of deflection in reinforced concrete member should be limited to: -
span
 For normal structure, which can be seen, the deflection is limited to .
250
span
 For structure supporting brittle finishes, the deflection should not exceed or 20mm.
500
The detailed calculation of deflection is elaborated in BS 8110: Part 2. However, this method of
calculating deflection is not needed except in certain circumstances. A more practical way used to
span L
control deflection is by limiting the   ratio as stated in BS 8110: Part 1, clause 3.4.6
effective depth  d 
L
Method of checking the deflection  
d 
This is done by comparing,
L L
  < 
 d  actual  d allowable
Where
L L
      m. f .t.r  m. f .c.r
 d allowable  d basic
L
  = obtained from Table 3.10, BS 8110: Part 1
 d basic
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 1
Table 3.10, BS 8110 is given below:

Flange section
Type of support Rectangular section  bw 
  0 .3 
b 
Cantilever beam 7.0 5.6
Simply supported
20.0 16.0
beam
Continuous beam 26.0 20.8
Table 3.10: Basic span/effective depth ratios for rectangular flange beams.
L span
The values of in this table are based on the allowable deflection of .
d 250
L  10 
For spans greater than 10m,   has to be multiplied by   .
 d basic  span 
M.F (tension) = modification factor for tension reinforcement

(477  f s )
= 0.55   2.0
M
120(0.9  2 )
bd
Where,
fs = service stress
2 As , req 1
= fy 
3 As , rprov  b
As,req = required area of tension reinforcement.
As,prov = provided area of tension reinforcement.
 moment after 
b =   redistribution
 moment before
M = imposed bending moment
b = width of beam
d = effective depth
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 2
M.F (Compression) = modification factor for compression reinforcement
 100As ' , prov 

 
= 1  bd   1.5
100As , prov
3
bd
Where,
As’,prov = area of compression reinforcement provided
Please note that,
L L
If     , the following precautions may be taken: -
 d actual  d allowable
add more reinforcement so that the service stress, fs will decrease and resulting in
increased m.f.t.r.
calculate the actual deflection using the detailed method in BS 8110: Part 2
(mentioned earlier)
increased the effective depth of the beam.
The third precaution is usually used; i.e. increase d.
Example 01
A simply supported rectangular beam spanning 6 m is designed to carry a bending moment of
149.85 𝑘𝑁𝑚. The required area of tension reinforcement is 785.5 mm2, while the steel reinforcement
provided is 943 mm2 shown in Figure below: You are asked to check the deflection of the beam.
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 3
Clause Calculations Results
Answer
Step 01 :
Table 3.9
L
   20 (From Table 3.10)
 d basic
Step 02 :
Table 2 As , req 1
Service stress, fs = fy  fs = 255.28 N/mm2
3.10 3 As , prov  b
2  785 
 (460)  1 = 255.28 N/mm2
3  943 
Step 03 :
M 149.85 106
 2   2.92
bd 250(451) 2
m.f.t.r. = 0.55 
477  f s 
M
120(0.9  )
bd 2
𝑀. 𝐹 = 1.03
M.F  0.55 
477  255.28 = 1.03 < 2.0
1200.9  2.92
Step 04 :
L
   20 1.03  20.6
 d  allowable
L 6000
    18.30
  d  actual 451
L L
    , therefore the beam is satisfactorily free from
 d actual  d allowable
deflection
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 4
ACTIVITY
Fill in the blanks: -
a) Deflection of reinforced concrete element is to check in order to satisfy the _________________
limit state requirement.
b) The checking regarding to the deflection of beams should be done in accordance with clause
__________________, BS 8110: Part 1
c) Excessive deflection of reinforced concrete element can cause cracking and may destroy
________________ and partitions.
d) For spans up to 10 m, the deflection that occurs after construction of finishes and partition will
be limited to ________________________.
span
e) Table ________________, BS 8110: Part 1 has given the basic ratio.
d
f) The value in Table (in question 5) should be multiplied by __________ from Table 3.11 and
Table 3.12, BS 8110.
span
g) For rectangular simply supported beam, the basic ratio is _____________.
d
span
h) For spans greater than 10 m, the basic ratio should be multiplied by __________________.
d
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 5
SUMMARY
To check for deflections should follow the steps -
. Check for deflection.

𝑙 𝑙
a) ( 𝑥⁄𝑑) 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 < ( 𝑥⁄𝑑) 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 ,(BS 8110-1 clause 3.5.7)
𝑙 𝑙
b) ( 𝑥⁄𝑑) 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = ( 𝑥⁄𝑑) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 × 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 (𝑀. 𝐹. )
𝑙
c) Obtain the value of ( 𝑥⁄𝑑) 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 from BS 8110, table 3.9
d) Calculate M.F by
(477−𝑓𝑠 )
𝑀 . 𝐹. = 0.55 + 𝑀 ≤ 2 ,BS 8110 clause 3.4.7.7
120 (0.9+ )
𝑏𝑑2
Where, 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 = span to effective depth ratio
2 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑞 × 1
𝐹𝑠 =
3 𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 × 𝛽
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 6
SELF-ASSESSMENT
EXERCISE 01
Given that: fcu = 30 N/mm2

fy = 460 N/mm2
fy = 250 N/mm2
Questions:
If the span of the beam is 8.0 m, imposed moment, M = 15 kNm and the area of reinforcement required,
Asreq = 950mm2, check this beam for deflection
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 7
ADDITIONAL NOTES
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 8
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 9
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 10

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ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE

At the end of this unit, you should be able to:-

Table 3.10, BS 8110 is given below:

M.F (tension) = modification factor for tension reinforcement

M.F (Compression) = modification factor for compression reinforcement

 100As ' , prov 

Please note that,

A simply supported rectangular beam spanning 6 m is designed to carry a bending moment of

Clause Calculations Results

Fill in the blanks: -

a) Deflection of reinforced concrete element is to check in order to satisfy the _________________

limit state requirement.

__________________, BS 8110: Part 1

________________ and partitions.

Table 3.12, BS 8110.

To check for deflections should follow the steps -

. Check for deflection.

Where, 𝑀/𝑏𝑑2 = span to effective depth ratio

Given that: fcu = 30 N/mm2

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