Design Flanged Beams

ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE
BS 8110-1:1997
Chapter 07 – Lesson 03
Design of Flanged Beam Sections for
Flexure
F. M. M Abdullah
Chapter 07. Unit 03 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN TO BS 8110-1:1997
CHAPTER 07 – LESSON 03
DESIGN OF FLANGED BEAMS FOR FLEXURE
7.1 INTRODUCTION
When reinforced concrete slabs re cast integrally with the supporting beams they may contribute to the
compressive strength of the beams during flexure. When subject to sagging moments the resulting beam
cross section is either T- section or L- section, where the top surface is in compression. Both types of beam
are referred to as flanged beam. When subjected to hogging moments the top surface is subject to tension
or beam is provided without slab (only the structural beam) hence the beams are designed as rectangular
beam. In the construction of reinforced concrete structural element, fresh concrete is normally poured into
the slab and the beam’s form work simultaneously. When concrete hardens, a homogeneous concrete is
formed. This will enable part of the slab to act as part of the beam. In practice, the flange is often the floor
slab and this is shown in Figure 7.1 below:
Fig 7.1 Floor Slab
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
B.Tech (Civil Eng) (Hons) (OUSL), MSc (Structural) (Reading), AMIE(SL)
pg. 1
7.2 CONTINUOUS T- BEAM
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 2
When reinforced concrete slabs re cast integrally with the supporting beams they may contribute to the
compressive strength of the beams during flexure. When subject to sagging moments the resulting beam
cross section is either T- section or L- section, where the top surface is in compression. Both types of beam
are referred to as flanged beam. When subjected to hogging moments the top surface is subject to tension
or beam is provided without slab (only the structural beam) hence the beams are designed as rectangular
beam.
7.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF FLANGED BEAM
Effective width of flanged beam

𝑙𝑧⁄
For T-beam: (𝑏𝑤 + 5)
𝑙
For L-beams: (𝑏𝑤 + 𝑧⁄10)
𝑙𝑧 is the distance between points of zero moment (which for a continuous beam, may be taken as 0.7 times
the effective span)
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 3
Example No 01
Given the floor plan showing the arrangement of ‘’T’’ beam, calculate the effective width
of the beam
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7.4 ANALYSiS OF “T” SECTION
There are three cases to be considered, They are as follows:-

 Neutral axis in the flange
 Neutral axis under the flange
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 4
1. NEUTRAL AXIS IN THE FLANGE

This happens when the depth of the stress block is less than flange thickness (h f). Thickness is shown in
Figure
Common steps should follow to design a flanged beam are as follows for the both cases of singly
reinforced and doubly reinforced concrete section
 Design steps for bending of a singly reinforced beam ( neutral axis is within the flange)
a) Calculate the value of x (Neutral axis)
(𝑑 − 𝑧) ⁄
b) 𝑥 = 0.45
c) If 𝑖𝑓 𝑥. < ℎ𝑓 , 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒
d) If 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > ℎ𝑓 , 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔e, Which will discuss in next topic
e) 𝐾 = 𝑀𝑢 /𝒃𝒇 𝑑2 𝑓𝑐𝑢 .
Note value of 𝒃 should be 𝒃𝒇 , 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
f) Required area of reinforcement
𝑴
𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 = 𝒇 𝒁
𝟎. 𝟗𝟓 𝒚
𝑏
g) But 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.18%𝑏wℎ , 𝑏𝑤 < 0.4
𝑓
𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.13%𝑏wℎ , < 0.4
𝑏𝑓
h) Calculate the transverse reinforcement as follows (mm2/1 m length)

𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 = 𝒉𝒇
𝟏𝟎𝟎
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 5
 Design steps for bending of a doubly reinforced beam ( neutral axis is within the
flange)

(𝑑 − 𝑧) ⁄
b) 𝑥 = 0.45
Note value of 𝒃 should be 𝒃𝒇 , 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
f) Area of compression steel 𝐴`𝑠 is calculated from

[(𝑴 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝒇𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒇 𝒅𝟐 )]
𝑨`𝒔 = ⁄
[𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒇𝒚 (𝒅 − 𝒅’)]
g) 𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + (0.25 − 𝐾`⁄0.9)1/2 ]

h) Area of tension steel is calculated from:
𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝑨𝒔 = [ ⁄𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒇 𝒛] + 𝑨`𝒔
𝒚
𝑏𝑤
i) But 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.18%𝑏wℎ , < 0.4
𝑏𝑓
𝑏𝑤
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.13%𝑏wℎ , < 0.4
𝑏𝑓
Example No 02
A T-Beam is to carry a design moment (M=450kN-m). The beam section is shown in below figure. If
concrete grade is 30 and steel grade is 460 are used. Calculate the area of steel required
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 6
Sollution
Clause Calculations Results
Step 02 : Structural design
M 450106
K 
bd 2 f cu 800 (420) 2  30
K  0.106 Since, K < K’

Therefore, compression reinforcement is not required.
K
Z  d{0.5  (0.25  )}
0.9
0.106
 420{0.5  0.25  )}
0.9
Z  361.2mm
0.95d  0.95(420)
= 399 mm
Z  361.2mm
 Z  0.95d
Required area of steel
M
As 
0.95 f y Z
450106
  3113
0.95  460 361.2
As , min  0.13bh / 100
Cl 3.4.4.4 0.13 200 450

  117
100
117mm2
Use 4T32 (As =3218 mm2)
Use 4T32 (As =3218
mm2)
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 7
2. NEUTRAL AXIS UNDER THE FLANGE

The area of steel required to resist flexure for beams in which the neutral axis lies below the flange can be
determine using Clause 3.4.4.5. Since this only occur in few occasion it is not deal with this text
Example No 03
A floor system consisting of a solid slab integrally cast with beams its simple supported
over a span of 6 m.
1. Design a suitable reinforcement for typical “T” section to satisfy for flexure
Design data and loadings
Material properties Assume 225 mm thk brick walls are provided on

each beam and height is 3 m
Concrete Grade 'fcu' [N/mm2] 30
Main Steel Grade 'fy' [N/mm2] 460 Panel A Panel B
Secondadry Steel Grade 'fyv' [N/mm2] 250 Finishes = 1.5 kN/m2 Finishes = 0.75 kN/m2
Diameter of main steel [mm] 25 Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2 Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2
Diameter of links [mm] 8 Imposed load = 0.5 Imposed load = 1.5 kN/m2
kN/m2
Secondary Steel Grade 'fyv' [N/mm2] 250
Unit weight of concrete (kN/m3) 24
Exposure condition mild
Fire resistance 1 hr
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 8
SUMMARY
Common steps should follow to design a flanged beam are as follows for the both cases of singly
reinforced and doubly reinforced concrete section
 Design steps for bending of a singly reinforced beam ( neutral axis is within the flange)
(𝑑 − 𝑧) ⁄
b) 𝑥 = 0.45
a. Note value of 𝒃 should be 𝒃𝒇 , 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
f) Required area of reinforcement
𝑴
g) 𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 = 𝒇 𝒁
𝟎.𝟗𝟓 𝒚
𝑏
h) But 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.18%𝑏wℎ , 𝑏𝑤 < 0.4
𝑓
𝑏
a. 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.13%𝑏wℎ , 𝑏𝑤 < 0.4
𝑓
i) Calculate the transverse reinforcement as follows (mm2/1 m length)

𝟎.𝟏𝟓 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎
a. 𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 = 𝒉𝒇
𝟏𝟎𝟎
 Design steps for bending of a doubly reinforced beam ( neutral axis is within the
flange)

(𝑑 − 𝑧) ⁄
b) 𝑥 = 0.45
a. Note value of 𝒃 should be 𝒃𝒇 , 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛
f) Area of compression steel 𝐴`𝑠 is calculated from

[(𝑴 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝒇𝒄𝒖𝒃𝒇 𝒅𝟐 )]
𝑨`𝒔 = ⁄
[𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒇𝒚 (𝒅 − 𝒅’)]
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 9
g) 𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + (0.25 − 𝐾`⁄0.9)1/2 ]

h) Area of tension steel is calculated from:
𝟎. 𝟏𝟓𝟔𝒇𝒄𝒖 𝒃𝒅𝟐
𝑨𝒔 = [ ⁄𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝒇 𝒛] + 𝑨`𝒔
𝒚
𝑏𝑤
i) But 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.18%𝑏wℎ , < 0.4
𝑏𝑓
𝑏𝑤
a. 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 > 0.13%𝑏wℎ , < 0.4
𝑏𝑓
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 10
SELF-ASSESSMENT
Use the following parameters for each design, if necessary
Material properties Section Properties
Concrete Grade 'fcu' [N/mm2] 30 Slab Thickness (mm) 150
Main Steel Grade 'fy' [N/mm2] 460 Beam (mm) 300 x 450
Secondadry Steel Grade 'fyv' [N/mm2] 250 Columns (mm) 300 x 300
Diameter of main steel [mm] 25
Diameter of links [mm] 8 Wall loads
Secondary Steel Grade 'fyv' [N/mm2] 250 Brick (assume 225 thk) (kN/m2) 15
Unit weight of concrete (kN/m3) 24
Exposure condition mild
Fire resistance 1 hr
EXERCISE 01
The figure given below show section of a beam and floor slab of a building calculate the effective width
and required reinforcement area for beam A and B. The beam span is 8m. Bending moment carried out
by each beam as follows
Ultimate bending moment
Beam A = 284 kNm
Beam B = 384 kNm
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 11
EXERCISE NO 02
For the given beam section below, calculate the area of reinforcement required to carry a design moment
of 600 kNm.
EXERCISE NO 03
The figure given below floor plan of beam and floor slab of a building calculate the effective width and
required reinforcement area for beam along A-A
Characteristic Dead Load gk = 0.75 kN/m2
Characteristic Imposed Load qk = 1.5 kN/m2
Consider dead loads of slab and beam, Wall is not

provided
EXERCISE NO 04
Assume 225 mm thk brick walls are provided on each beam

and height is 3 m
Panel A Panel B
Finishes = 1.5 kN/m2 Finishes = 0.75 kN/m2
Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2 Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2
Imposed load = 0.5 kN/m2 Imposed load = 1.5 kN/m2
Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 12
ADDITIONAL NOTES
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 13
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Prepared By:
F. M. M Abdullah
pg. 14

Design Flanged Beams

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Design Flanged Beams

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ADVANCED REINFORCED CONCRETE

Fig 7.1 Floor Slab

7.2 CONTINUOUS T- BEAM

7.3 EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF FLANGED BEAM

Effective width of flanged beam

7.4 ANALYSiS OF “T” SECTION

There are three cases to be considered, They are as follows:-

1. NEUTRAL AXIS IN THE FLANGE

h) Calculate the transverse reinforcement as follows (mm2/1 m length)

a) Calculate the value of x (Neutral axis)

f) Area of compression steel 𝐴`𝑠 is calculated from

g) 𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + (0.25 − 𝐾`⁄0.9)1/2 ]

Clause Calculations Results

Step 02 : Structural design

K  0.106 Since, K < K’

Required area of steel

As , min  0.13bh / 100

Cl 3.4.4.4 0.13 200 450

2. NEUTRAL AXIS UNDER THE FLANGE

Design data and loadings

Material properties Assume 225 mm thk brick walls are provided on

Main Steel Grade 'fy' [N/mm2] 460 Panel A Panel B

Unit weight of concrete (kN/m3) 24

Exposure condition mild

i) Calculate the transverse reinforcement as follows (mm2/1 m length)

a) Calculate the value of x (Neutral axis)

f) Area of compression steel 𝐴`𝑠 is calculated from

g) 𝑍 = 𝑑[0.5 + (0.25 − 𝐾`⁄0.9)1/2 ]

Use the following parameters for each design, if necessary

Material properties Section Properties

Concrete Grade 'fcu' [N/mm2] 30 Slab Thickness (mm) 150

Diameter of main steel [mm] 25

Diameter of links [mm] 8 Wall loads

Unit weight of concrete (kN/m3) 24

Exposure condition mild

Ultimate bending moment

Beam A = 284 kNm

Beam B = 384 kNm

Characteristic Dead Load gk = 0.75 kN/m2

Characteristic Imposed Load qk = 1.5 kN/m2

Consider dead loads of slab and beam, Wall is not

Assume 225 mm thk brick walls are provided on each beam

Finishes = 1.5 kN/m2 Finishes = 0.75 kN/m2

Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2 Partitions = 0.5 kN/m2

Imposed load = 0.5 kN/m2 Imposed load = 1.5 kN/m2

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