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Geometric Design of Track PDF
Geometric Design of Track PDF
OF THE TRACK
Necessity of Geometric Design:
Smooth & safe running of trains.
Maximum speed.
Carrying heavy axle loads.
Avoid accidents & derailments.
Less maintenance efforts.
Good aesthetic value.
There, if all the above elements are properly
designed, the possibility of derailments due to defects
in the track can be avoided.
Gradients
The amount of slope in longitudinal direction of railway track
is called gradient or grade.
Gradients are provided to negotiate the rise or fall in the level
of the railway track.
Rising gradient rises the track in the direction of movement,
whereas, falling gradient cause the track to go down in the
direction of movement.
A gradient is represented by the distance traveled for a rise or
fall of one unit.
Momentum gradient
For Ex:-
Weight of train (W)=500 tonnes
Gradient = 1 in 100
Extra power (P) = 5 tonnes
Ruling gradient with one locomotive.
• In Plane area = 1 in 150 to 1 in 250
• In hilly area = 1 in 100 to 1in 150
Once a ruling gradient is specified for a section,
then all other gradients provided in that section
should be flatter than the ruling gradients (after
making due to compensation for curvature)
Gradients – Types ….
b) Momentum gradient:
Momentum gradient steeper than ruling gradient that is
overcome by momentum gathered while having a run in
plane or on falling gradient in valleys.
Outer rail
Inner rail
Inner rail
Negative Superelevation….
Ref fig: AD which is the outer rail of the main line curve must be
higher than inner rail BC or in other words, the point A should be
higher than point B.
Secondary objects:
The gradual increase or decrease of the centrifugal force on
the vehicle by use of this curve provides smooth running of
vehicle & comfort to the passengers.
No sudden application, so the chances of derailment are gently
reduced.
Transitional Curves….
Requirements of a Transition Curve;
It should be perfectly tangential to the straight.
The length of the transition curve should be such that
curvature may increase at the same rate as the superelevation .
This curve should join the circular arc tangentially i.e.,
curvature of transition curve should conform with that of
circular curve.
Superelevation for B.G, M.G & N.G….
Relationship of superelevation (e), with gauge(G),
speed (V) and radius of the curve ( R ).
W= Weight of moving vehicle in kg.
v = Speed of vehicle in m/sec
V = Speed of vehicle in km.ph
R = Radius of curve in meters
G = Gauge of track in meters
g = Acceleration due to gravity in m/sec2
α = Angle of inclination
S = Length of inclined surface in meters