1. Juan committed the crime of Kidnapping for Ransom.

Under the Revised Penal Code, where

the kidnapping or detention was committed for the purpose of extorting for ransom from the
victim or any other person, even without the presence of the circumstances provided under the
law. In the given case, when Juan kidnapped Pedro's mother constitutes kidnapping. In
addition, in order for the latter to be released from captivity, there must be a payment for her
liberty. Therefore, Juan is guilty of Kidnapping for Ransom.
2. Yes. Maria is guilty of kidnapping based on Article 268 of the Revised Penal Code which
identifies the offender is a private individual, kidnaps another to deprive liberty, the act of
kidnapping is illegal because Maria has no custody over the child and the crime is committed
without the attendance of any of the circumstances enumerated in Article 267.
3. Juan committed the crime of light coercion. Under the Revised Penal Code, any person who by
means of violation, shall seize anything belonging to his debtor for the purpose of applying the
same to the payment of debt. In the given case, when Juan displayed a material force
producing intimidation which says, “otherwise something bad will happen to you”, in order to
take possession of the thing belonging to the debtor constitutes the crime of light coercion.
4. Juan committed the crime of unjust vexation. Under the Revised Penal Code, unjust vexation
includes any human conduct which would unjustly annoy or vex an innocent person. In the
given case, the act of Juan is annoying, irritating, vexatious, and unjustified by cutting
someone's hair.

Also, Juan can also be charged of crime slander by deed if his purpose of cutting his brother's
hair is to humiliate or ridicule him.
5. No. Dr. Jose did not commit any crime under the Revised Penal Code. Article 275, paragraph
1, he can be liable for abandonment of persons in danger when the place is considered to be
uninhabited in which in the given case, the Basilica compound is not an uninhabited place
since it is an area near the inhabited buildings or places in which other person could render
assistance.