Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Dr.

Subhi Aswad Al-Nahrain University

Dr. Subhi Aswad Mohammed

Department of Systems Engineering
College of Information Engineering
Al Nahrain University
2018

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Distributed Control System

Course Aim
The aim of this course …….
.

Knowledge and Elements

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Table of Contents

Section I
1. SCADA system Fundamental
1.1 SCADA System component and Functions
1.2 Control Strategy
1.3 Reliability Overview
1.4 SCADA Functions
1.5 SCADA Principles of Operation
1.6 Energy Management System (EMS) Functions
1.7 Operator Display and Control Functions
1.8 Typical SCADA Architecture
1.9 SCADA Trends
1.10 Major SCADA/EMS Vendors

Section II
2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems (ICS)
2.1 Overview of SCADA, DCS, and PLCs
2.2 ICS Operation
2.3 ICS Components
2.3.1 ICS Control Components
2.3.2 ICS Network Components

Section III
2.4 SCADA Systems

Section IV

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems
2.4 SCADA Systems

Figure 2-2 shows the components and general configuration of a

SCADA system.

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems (ICS)

2.4 SCADA Systems

SCADA systems are used to control dispersed assets where

centralized data acquisition is as important as control.
These systems are used in Distribution Systems such as water
distribution and waste water collection systems, oil and gas
pipelines, electrical utility transmission, rail and other public
transportation systems.
SCADA systems :
Integrate data acquisition systems with data transmission
systems and HMI software
Provide a centralized monitoring and control system for
numerous process inputs and outputs.
SCADA systems are designed to :
Collect field information,
Transfer it to a central computer facility, and
Display the information to the operator graphically or textually,
Allowing the operator to monitor or control an entire system
from a central location in real time.

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems

2.4 SCADA Systems
SCADA systems consist of both hardware and software

SCADA hardware
Typical hardware includes:
MTU placed at a control center,
communications equipment (e.g., radio, cable, or satellite),
one or more geographically distributed field sites consisting of
either an RTU or a PLC,
The RTU or a PLC controls actuators and/or monitors sensors.
The MTU stores and processes the information from RTU inputs
and outputs,
The RTU or PLC controls the local process.
The communications hardware allows the transfer of information
and data back and forth between the MTU and the RTUs or PLCs.

Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED)

An IED may communicate directly to the SCADA MTU master
station, or
a local RTU may poll the IEDs to collect the data and pass it to the
SCADA master station.
IEDs provide a direct interface to control and monitor equipment
and sensors.
IEDs may be directly polled and controlled by the SCADA master
station
IEDs have local programming that allows for the IED to act
without direct instructions from the SCADA control center.
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems
2.4 SCADA Systems

SCADA systems consist of both hardware and software

SCADA software
The software is an application to perform the following :
Tell the system what and when to monitor,
What parameter ranges are acceptable, and
What response to initiate when parameters go outside
acceptable values.

SCADA systems are usually designed to be:

 Fault-tolerant systems with
 Significant redundancy built into the system architecture

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems
2.4 SCADA Systems

The Control Center elements :

Control server (MTU)
Communications routers.
HMI,
Engineering workstations,
Data Historian,
LAN, Which are all connected by
The Control Center operation:
Collects and logs information gathered by the field sites,
Displays information to the HMI, and
may generate actions based upon detected events.
The control center is also responsible for centralized alarming,
trend analyses, and reporting.

Field Site
The field site performs local control of actuators and monitors
sensors.
Field sites are often equipped with a remote access capability to
allow field operators to perform remote diagnostics and repairs
usually over a separate dial up or WAN connection.
Standard and proprietary communication protocols running over
serial communications are used to transport information between
the control center and field sites using telemetry techniques such
as telephone line, cable, fiber, and radio frequency such as
broadcast, microwave and satellite
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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems
2.4 SCADA Systems

MTU-RTU communication
 communication architectures vary among implementations.
 The various architectures used, are shown in Figure 2-3 including
point-to-point, series, series-star, multi-drop .
 Point-to-point is the simplest type; however, it is expensive
because of the individual channels needed for each connection.
 series configuration, the number of channels used is reduced;
however, channel sharing has an impact on the efficiency and
complexity of SCADA operations.
 The series-star and multi-drop configurations’ use of one
channel per device results in decreased efficiency and increased
system complexity.

Figure 2-3. Basic

SCADA Communication
Topologies

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)

2. Overview of Industrial Control Systems
2.4 SCADA Systems

The four basic architectures shown in Figure 2-3 can be further

enhance using dedicated communication devices to manage
communication exchange as well as message switching and
buffering.
Large SCADA systems, containing hundreds of RTUs, often employ
sub-MTUs to alleviate the burden on the primary MTU.
This type of topology is shown in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-4. Large SCADA

Communication Topology

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Reference
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
Introduction , Jeff Dagle, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, University of Illinois , 2005

Guide to Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition

(SCADA) and Industrial Control Systems Security ,
Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards
and Technology ; Keith Stouffer, Joe Falco , Karen Kent;
National Institute of Standards and Technology Special
Publication 800-82 (INITIAL PUBLIC DRAFT), Natl. Inst.
Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 800-82, 164 pages (September
2006)

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