Sample - 3D Concrete Printing Market - Forecast To 2021 PDF

3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET - FORECAST TO 2021
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1
© MarketsandMarkets
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 OVERVIEW
3D concrete printing is a method of layered manufacturing, using polymer, slurry, cement, concrete, and a
variety of other materials and mixes to build large-scale objects with a smooth surface finish. A printer is
used to construct an object using a controlled extrusion process. The advantages of 3D concrete printing
techniques are high-speed construction, low labor requirement, various design patterns, on-site printing,
less waste, mass customization, eco-friendliness, and efficiency.
The segmentation considered for this report is based on type of product, concrete, and software as well as
end-use sectors and regions that constitute the key markets. The different types of 3D concrete printing
products include floors & roofs, walls, panels & lintels, and others. Concrete such as ready-mix concrete,
precast concrete, shotcrete, high-density concrete, and others have been considered in this study. The
market has further been segmented on the basis of end-use sectors such as domestic construction
(commercial and residential), industrial construction, architectural, and others which include construction
of sports buildings, education centers, and healthcare institution construction. On the basis of key regions,
the 3D concrete printing market has been segmented into North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of
the World (RoW).
Increasing disposable income of people in developing countries and changing preferences for construction
methods have led to the advent of modern construction techniques, which are driving the construction
industry, and consequently impact the need for better technologies such as 3D concrete printing. Increase
in the construction of residential buildings, commercial buildings, and in the architectural sector are
contributing to the growth of the 3D concrete printing market as well. On the other hand, lack of awareness
about new automation techniques in construction and the high cost of equipment hold back the demand
for this type of construction.
Other factors that hinder the growth of this industry are that emerging economies do not have the required
infrastructure to set up 3D concrete printers. Also, the process of implementing the software or
technologies in the existing supply chain of a company requires time and money. Companies such as DUS
Architects (The Netherlands), Fosters + Partners (U.K.), and Winsun Global (China) are currently providing
3D concrete printing services across different regions.
2
1.2 EVOLUTION
FIGURE 1 EVOLUTION OF THE 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET
1990s 2015
 The use of 3D printing in the  Skanska and Loughborough University signed a deal
construction industry was to develop world’s first commercial concrete printing
suggested by Joseph Pegna. robot.
 He developed a new system for  World’s Advanced Savings Project (WASP) introduced
layered fabrication of small the largest 3D printer, known as Big Delta, in Italy.
masonry structures.  The world’s first 3D printed bridge was constructed
across Oudezijds Achterburgwal canal in Amsterdam.
 The use of 3D printing in

construction was attempted
for the first time, with the help
of an automated construction
system.
2000s
Source: Related Industry Publications and Industry Journals
1.3 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET

The 3D concrete printing market is projected to be valued at USD XX thousand by 2021.
The Asia-Pacific market is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.
The demand for 3D concrete printing market is primarily driven by the following:
 Reduced labor cost and time saving

 Potential to create mass customization and new design patterns
 Safety and reduced accident rates
 Less waste generation
 Sustainable and environment-friendly
 Developing economies and GDP
3
1.4 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2016 VS. 2021 (USD THOUSAND)
FIGURE 2 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SNAPSHOT (2016 VS. 2021): DEMAND FOR
THE WALLS SEGMENT TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST CAGR
CAGR
Product Type 2016-e 2021-p
(2016-2021)
XX
XX XX%
Walls
XX XX%
Floors & roofs XX
XX
Panels & lintels XX XX%
Others* XX XX
XX%
Market Size (USD Thousand)
e - Estimated; p – Projected
*Others include staircases and paving slabs
Source: Research Journals, Related Publications, Expert Interviews, and MarketsandMarkets Analysis
The walls segment is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016 to 2021. The 3D concrete
printing market, by product type, was dominated by the walls segment in 2015, owing to its advantages in
terms of printing customized designs and economy of construction. This segment accounted for XX% of the
total market in 2015. Increased construction activities in developing countries and changing lifestyles of
urban populations are expected to drive the 3D concrete printing market significantly.
4
1.5 CHINA TO REGISTER THE HIGHEST CAGR IN THE MARKET FOR

3D CONCRETE PRINTING FROM 2016 TO 2021
FIGURE 3 CHINA PROJECTED TO BE THE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FOR 3D CONCRETE

PRINTING, 2016–2021
Canada
XX%
The Netherlands
XX%
Germany Japan
XX% XX%
U.K. China
U.S. XX% XX%
XX%
Mexico France India

XX% XX% XX%
Philippines
XX%
<XX% XX%-XX% >XX%

growth growth growth
Source: Research Journals, Related Publications, Expert Interviews, and MarketsandMarkets Analysis
Europe accounted for around XX% of the total market share in terms of value in 2015, followed by the Asia-
Pacific and RoW, with a XX% and XX% share, respectively. However, the 3D concrete printing market in
developing countries such as China, India, and Brazil are projected to grow at a higher rate from 2016 to
2021. The Asia-Pacific market is projected to be the fastest-growing market at a CAGR of XX% from 2016
to 2021. Factors such as strong government support, improved living standards, expanding application
segments, and convergence of technologies are driving the growth of the construction industry, which
indirectly enhances the growth of the 3D concrete printing market.
5
2 PREMIUM INSIGHTS
2.1 EMERGING ECONOMIES TO WITNESS HIGHER DEMAND FOR

3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET
FIGURE 4 EMERGING ECONOMIES OFFER ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN

THE 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET
ATTRACTIVE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

USD XX  Global 3D concrete printing market is estimated
Thousand at USD XX thousand in 2016.
 Emerging economies such as China, India, South

USD XX
Thousand Africa, and other Middle Eastern countries offer
several opportunities for market expansion.
 Market growth is attributed to the rise in number

of new constructions in the emerging economies
of Asia-Pacific and RoW.
2016-e 2021-p
e – Estimated; p – Projected
Source: Industry Journals, Company Websites, Company Publications, Secondary Literature, Expert Interviews, and
MarketsandMarkets Analysis
6
2.2 READY-MIX CONCRETE SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO DOMINATE THE

3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET
FIGURE 5 READY-MIX CONCRETE SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST

CAGR, 2016–2021
XX
Ready- mix concrete CAGR
XX
XX%
XX
Precast concrete
XX
XX 2021-p
Shotcrete
XX
2016-e
High-density XX
concrete XX
XX
Others*
XX
USD Thousand
e – Estimated; p – Projected
*Others include lightweight concrete, limecrete, and stamped concrete
7
2.3 EUROPE DOMINATED THE OVERALL 3D CONCRETE PRINTING

MARKET IN 2015
FIGURE 6 ASIA-PACIFIC IS PROJECTED TO BE THE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET, IN TERMS

OF VALUE, FOR 3D CONCRETE PRINTING, 2016–2021
EUROPE
XX%
XX%
NORTH AMERICA
XX% ASIA-PACIFIC
XX% XX%
XX%
REST OF THE WORLD
XX%
XX%
Market Share (2015)

CAGR (2016-2021)
8
3 MARKET OVERVIEW
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3D concrete printing refers to a construction process in which the structural components are constructed
layer by layer, using a printer. With 3D concrete printing, components are created directly from a digital
construction plan. The trend is now shifting from prototyping to the production of functional parts that can
be used directly in various applications sectors. A significant change has been observed in the construction
industry with the introduction of 3D concrete printing as it allows building of a larger number of structures,
at lower costs and in lesser time than conventional on-site construction methods. Also, 3D concrete
printing offers benefits of high quality control, increased efficiency, and better finishing.
Europe leads the 3D concrete printing market, in terms of volume, and accounted for a XX% share in 2015.
Future growth is expected in the Asia-Pacific and RoW regions, with their increased construction activity as
well as the growth of infrastructural projects in countries such as China and India. As of now, only a few
regional market players manufacturing 3D concrete printers cater to surrounding markets, but this number
is expected to increase in the coming years as a result of increased awareness among consumers, and its
advantages over conventional construction methods.
3.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION
FIGURE 7 3D CONCRETE MARKET SEGMENTATION
MARKET SEGMENTATION
BY PRODUCT TYPE BY CONCRETE TYPE BY SOFTWARE BY END-USE SECTOR BY REGION
• Walls • Ready mix concrete • Design • Domestic • North America

• Floors & roofs • Precast concrete • Inspection • Industrial • Europe
• Panels & lintels • Shotcrete • Printing • Architectural • Asia-Pacific
• Others* • High density • Others*** • RoW
concrete
• Others**
*Others include staircases, and paving slabs

**Others include lightweight concrete, limecrete, and stamped concrete
***Others include sports, education, and healthcare
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4 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
4.1 WALLS
Walls occupied XX% of the global 3D concrete printing market in 2015. Walls support roofs, floors, and
ceilings, and are significant in forming a complete house. The market was valued at USD XX thousand in
2015. It is projected to reach USD XX thousand by 2021, growing at a CAGR of XX%. The Asia-Pacific region
is estimated to hold greater growth potential for the walls segment than other regions, owing to its
increasing emphasis upon building & construction activities.
Walls made using 3D concrete printers are capable of creating concrete objects with great detail and
precision, making it possible to conveniently construct advanced concrete walls with the push of a button.
These walls are intricately designed from concrete; ‘Endograft’, which is a 3D printed architectural wall,
comprises XX custom 3D printed components. CyBE Technology (The Netherlands) built structural on-site
wall using 3D concrete printing technology. The dimensions of the wall are XX mm x XX mm x XX mm, which
was completed in half an hour. Thus, walls that are constructed on-site using 3D concrete printer result in
zero waste and are less time consuming.
4.1.1 3D CONCRETE WALL PRINTING MARKET, BY REGION
TABLE 1 3D CONCRETE WALL PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Europe XX XX XX XX%
Asia-Pacific XX XX XX XX%
North America XX XX XX XX%
RoW XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
e - Estimated; p - Projected
Source: Related Research Publications, Government Publications, Company Press Releases, Company Annual Reports, Company
Websites, Company Publications, and MarketsandMarkets Analysis
Europe accounted for the largest market share of XX% and was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015. Asia-
Pacific is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016, to reach USD X thousand by 2021.
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5 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY CONCRETE TYPE
5.1 READY-MIX CONCRETE

Ready-mixed concrete (RMC) is specifically manufactured for delivery to the customer’s construction site in
a freshly mixed unhardened state. RMC is a mixture of Portland cement, water, and aggregates comprising
sand and gravel or crushed stone. In traditional worksites, each of these materials is bought separately
and mixed in specified proportions at the site to make concrete. Ready-mixed concrete is bought and sold
by volume and is expressed in cubic meters. It is manufactured under computer-controlled operations and
transported & placed at the site using various equipment and methods. The ready-mix concrete segment is
the largest market as it provides benefits such as less storage space onsite, reduced labor cost, less
wastage, and better quality. These benefits help construct buildings with less maintenance, ease, and of
better quality. The ready-mix concrete segment was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015, which is projected
to grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2016 to reach USD XX thousand by 2021.
5.1.1 READY-MIX CONCRETE MARKET, BY REGION
TABLE 2 READY-MIX CONCRETE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Europe XX XX XX XX%
RoW XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
Europe accounted for the largest market share of XX% and was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015. The
Asia-Pacific region is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016, to reach USD XX thousand
by 2021.
11
6 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY SOFTWARE
6.1 DESIGN SOFTWARE

The design software in 3D printing is used to create parts, assemblies, and drawings. Design software
provides CAD design solutions for engineers, architects, students, consumers, and hobbyists to convert a
concept into product. 3D printing software are available for architectural, mechanical, and freeform
designs. Sculpting software are also available, which enable the user to create designs for products,
sculptures, and art work that cannot be done through CAD. This software allows the user to create freeform
shapes. The software are also available in three versions, based on user specifications—personal,
professional, and production.
The design software segment in the 3D concrete printing market was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015,
which is projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2016 to reach USD XX thousand by 2021. Design
software provides precise design and shapes of the model to be constructed with minimal errors and also
allows the design of building components with various shapes. Hence, this software is the largest and
fastest-growing segment in the 3D concrete printing market.
6.1.1 DESIGN SOFTWARE MARKET, BY REGION
TABLE 3 DESIGN SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Europe XX XX XX XX%
RoW XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
Europe accounted for the largest market share of XX% and was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015.
Asia-Pacific is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016, to reach USD XX thousand by
2021.
12
7 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY END-USE SECTOR
7.1 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION
7.1.1 RESIDENTIAL
Concrete structures are widely used in residential buildings. A basic house consists of three essential
components, namely, foundation or ground floor, roof, and walls including doors & windows. 3D concrete
printing offers excellent thermal qualities that are strong enough to withstand external forces. The concrete
slab forms a strong structure. 3D concrete printing provides lightweight components such as blocks, walls,
and panels, and the lightweight concrete materials used in making these components are one-fifth the
weight of regular concrete, resulting in cheap transportation and lower handling costs.
7.1.2 COMMERCIAL
Concrete materials used in 3D concrete printing are lightweight and strong owing to which they are
extensively used in all types of commercial buildings. Products such as lintels, panels, and blocks are
designed and printed out of 3D concrete printing and are equipped in commercial buildings. These
products are used to support loadbearing and non-loadbearing walls, firebreak walls, floors, and fences.
The various concrete types used in 3D concrete printing provide fire and weather resistance properties and
are environmentally safe, owing to which they are widely used in commercial buildings. The domestic
construction segment in the 3D concrete printing market was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015, and is
projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2016 to reach USD XX thousand by 2021.
7.1.3 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION MARKET, BY REGION
TABLE 4 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Europe XX XX XX XX%
RoW XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
Europe accounted for the largest market share of XX% and was valued at USD XX thousand in 2015. The
Asia-Pacific region is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016, to reach USD XX thousand
by 2021.
13
8 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY REGION
8.1 NORTH AMERICA

The North American region consists of the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. As of 2015, it occupied a share of XX
of the 3D concrete printing market, in terms of value. The 3D concrete printing market here is driven by
technological advancements such as new advanced equipment which include 3D concrete printer, and
laser-guided excavation equipment in the construction industry. CAD is used in the design phase to simplify
construction, to reduce errors, and to enhance the design of the model. Automation in the construction
sector is used in terms of robotics such as robots for 3D concrete printing, spray paint buildings, and so on.
The U.S. was the largest market in the North American region, having accounted for a share of nearly XX%,
in terms of value, in 2015. The market for 3D concrete printing in North America is projected to grow at a
CAGR of XX% from 2016 to reach USD XX thousand by 2021. Growth of the construction market in Mexico
and Canada is attributed to the increase in new construction projects in recent years.
According to a report on “Residential Product Demand New Construction” by F.W. Dodge Residential
Services, in 1990, XX% of new homes in North America were constructed using exterior and interior wood.
In mid-1992, increasing concerns of environmental preservation and endangered species forced federal
restrictions on logging (Lemonick, 1991). By mid-1993, lumber prices nearly doubled to a peak of around
USD XX per XX board feet. Despite concrete being the leading residential construction material in regions
such as Europe, lumber is the leading material of choice in the U.S. Later, concrete became an alternative
technology for construction over lumber due to factors such as low cost, environment-friendly and ease of
construction.
8.1.1 BY COUNTRY
8.1.1.1 The U.S. accounted for the largest market share in North America
TABLE 5 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,

2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Country 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
U.S. XX XX XX XX%
Canada XX XX XX XX%
Mexico XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
The 3D concrete printing market in the North American region was led by the U.S. in 2015, accounting for a
market share of XX%. It is projected to grow at the highest CAGR of XX% from 2016 to reach USD XX
thousand by 2021. Mexico is projected to grow at the second-highest CAGR of XX% from 2016 to 2021.
14
8.1.2 BY PRODUCT TYPE

8.1.2.1 The walls segment dominated the North American 3D concrete
printing market in 2015
TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2015-2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Product Type 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Walls XX XX XX XX%
Floors & roofs XX XX XX XX%
Panels & lintels XX XX XX XX%
Others* XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
*Others include staircase & paving slabs.
The walls segment accounted for the largest market share of XX% in 2015; this is projected to grow at the
highest CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. The floors & roofs segment was the second-largest in
2015; it is projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2021.
8.1.3 BY CONCRETE TYPE

8.1.3.1 Ready-mix concrete segment is projected to grow at the highest
CAGR from 2016 to 2021
TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY CONCRETE TYPE,

2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Concrete Type 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Ready-mix concrete XX XX XX XX%
Precast concrete XX XX XX XX%
Shotcrete XX XX XX XX%
High-density concrete XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
*Others include lightweight concrete, limecrete, and stamped concrete.
Ready-mix concrete accounted for the largest market share of XX% in 2015; this is projected to grow at the
highest CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. Precast concrete was the second-largest market in 2015;
it is projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2021.
15
8.1.4 U.S.
The U.S. commanded the largest share of the North American 3D concrete printing market. With the
economic slowdown of 2007, the construction industry in the U.S. incurred high costs and low profits, due
to which the demand for new construction declined. As a result, the construction industry in the U.S.
suffered losses. The country has slowly recovered from recession and has witnessed substantial growth in
the construction industry and regained its momentum by 2012.
8.1.4.1 By product type
8.1.4.1.1 The walls segment dominated the U.S. 3D concrete printing

market in 2015
TABLE 8 U.S.: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

2015-2021 (USD THOUSAND)
Product Type 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)
Walls XX XX XX XX%
Floors & roofs XX XX XX XX%
Panels & lintels XX XX XX XX%
Total XX XX XX XX%
*Others include staircase & paving slabs.
The walls segment accounted for the largest market share of XX% in 2015; this is projected to grow at the
highest CAGR of XX% during the forecast period. The floors & roofs segment was the second-largest in
2015; it is projected to grow at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2021.
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3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET - FORECAST TO 2021

Copyright © 2016 MarketsandMarkets

FIGURE 1 EVOLUTION OF THE 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET

 The use of 3D printing in

Source: Related Industry Publications and Industry Journals

1.3 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET

 Reduced labor cost and time saving

1.4 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

Market Size (USD Thousand)

1.5 CHINA TO REGISTER THE HIGHEST CAGR IN THE MARKET FOR

FIGURE 3 CHINA PROJECTED TO BE THE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FOR 3D CONCRETE

Mexico France India

<XX% XX%-XX% >XX%

2.1 EMERGING ECONOMIES TO WITNESS HIGHER DEMAND FOR

FIGURE 4 EMERGING ECONOMIES OFFER ATTRACTIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN

ATTRACTIVE MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

 Emerging economies such as China, India, South

 Market growth is attributed to the rise in number

2.2 READY-MIX CONCRETE SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO DOMINATE THE

FIGURE 5 READY-MIX CONCRETE SEGMENT IS PROJECTED TO GROW AT THE HIGHEST

2.3 EUROPE DOMINATED THE OVERALL 3D CONCRETE PRINTING

FIGURE 6 ASIA-PACIFIC IS PROJECTED TO BE THE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET, IN TERMS

Market Share (2015)

3.2 MARKET SEGMENTATION

FIGURE 7 3D CONCRETE MARKET SEGMENTATION

BY PRODUCT TYPE BY CONCRETE TYPE BY SOFTWARE BY END-USE SECTOR BY REGION

• Walls • Ready mix concrete • Design • Domestic • North America

*Others include staircases, and paving slabs

4 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE

4.1.1 3D CONCRETE WALL PRINTING MARKET, BY REGION

Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

North America XX XX XX XX%

5 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY CONCRETE TYPE

5.1 READY-MIX CONCRETE

5.1.1 READY-MIX CONCRETE MARKET, BY REGION

TABLE 2 READY-MIX CONCRETE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)

Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

North America XX XX XX XX%

6 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY SOFTWARE

6.1 DESIGN SOFTWARE

6.1.1 DESIGN SOFTWARE MARKET, BY REGION

TABLE 3 DESIGN SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)

Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

North America XX XX XX XX%

7 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY END-USE SECTOR

7.1 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION

7.1.3 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION MARKET, BY REGION

TABLE 4 DOMESTIC CONSTRUCTION MARKET SIZE, BY REGION, 2015–2021 (USD THOUSAND)

Region 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

North America XX XX XX XX%

8 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET, BY REGION

8.1 NORTH AMERICA

TABLE 5 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY COUNTRY,

Country 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

8.1.2 BY PRODUCT TYPE

TABLE 6 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY PRODUCT TYPE,

Product Type 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

Floors & roofs XX XX XX XX%

Panels & lintels XX XX XX XX%

8.1.3 BY CONCRETE TYPE

TABLE 7 NORTH AMERICA: 3D CONCRETE PRINTING MARKET SIZE, BY CONCRETE TYPE,

Concrete Type 2015 2016-e 2021-p CAGR (2016–2021)

Ready-mix concrete XX XX XX XX%