498 CRYSTALLIZATION

increasing solubility for crystals of decreasing size. from zero to mass corresponding to an even screen

a
It is possible, but not probable, that where the driv size opening decreased by the value of ADavg.
ing force is such as to result in deposition on large
— a;,) Illustrative Example.
crystals, small crystals will dissolve, that batch of seed crystals has the

is,

A
(x
size distribution shown in the following table. If in a cryst&l-
may have different sign for different crystals.
a
lizer the seeds grow so that AD 0.009 cm, compute the quan

is
In most cases the linear dimension of the crystal D
tity of prcxluct per pound of seeds.
as may be determined by screen analysis a more

is
a
convenient value to use than the mass of the crystal. Screen Analysis of Seed Crystals

dD
— =
K[f(x - *,)] (456)
Mesh
Mash Fraction of
Different ial
Seeds

Cumulative
at
-14 +20 0.028 0.028
where K conductance including and the rela
is

-20 +28

k
a

0.176 0.204
tion between the dimension D and the mass w of the -28 +35 0.293 0.497
crystal. -35 +48 0.336 0.833
the crystals are all of the same shape the rela -48 +65
If

0.128 0.961
tionship between the mass of crystal and its dimen -65 0.039 1.000
a

sion D the same for all sizes. the seed crystals

If
is

1.000
are of substantially uniform size (infinitesimal range
of sizes) and — a;,) constant,
(x

is

Solution. To determine the amount of product, the inte

gral in equation 458 must be evaluated. Since the relation
dw, dwp
between I), and w, given in a table rather than by an equa

is
~ (457)
(D, tion, the least difficult solution will 1m; that of graphical
+

~D? AD)3
integration of equation 458.
where w = the mass of crystal. To obtain the relation Ix'tween D, and w„ the cumulative
size analysis plotted in Fig. 471a. On the basis of lb of

is

1
subscript refers to the seeds,
s

seed crystals, the value of I), at any value of w, may be ob

subscript refers to the product.
p

tained directly from Fig. 471a. The value of + (AD/D,)P

[1
Summation over the mass of seeds yields 0.14

nAD\3 £>8
(458)

There always the possibility of dusty material

is

adhering to the seed crystals, of breakage of crystals,

of dust-like crystals floating in the air, and of sub-
microscopic crystals growing to recognizable size to
the extent that fine material almost always in
is

cluded in the product. The virtual impossibility of

attaining the same number of product crystals as
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
seeds vitiates the accuracy of this prediction, but
Mass of Seed Crystals Retained on Screen
the approximate prediction highly useful.
is

Fig. 471a. Cumulative size analysis of seed crystals for the

The graphical integration of equation 458 can be
illustrative example.
accomplished directly for known
value of ADavR.
a

For a known ratio of crop, or yield, to seeds,

it
is

may then be computed as function of u>, from Fig. 471a

a

necessary to fit by trial and error an appropriate! and plotted, (0.009/O,)|3 as the ordinate
versus u>„ in
[1
+

value of ADavg to determine the growth. plot Fig. 4716. The integral evaluated by determining the area
A

is
is

under the curve between the limits of u; = and tr, —

1.

made of wp versus ws from which the mass of product

0

This best done by dividing the area into rectangles (Fig.

is

corresponding to any given mass of seeds may be

4716) such that the areas of the rectangles equal the areas
read. In order to determine the screen analysis of under the curve as described on p. 80, and summing the areas
the product, most convenient to evaluate
is
it

w„ as given in Table 53.