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Chain_saw_safety_Manual 29.07.

1998 13:28 Uhr Seite 1

Warning!
Read and follow all safety precautions To reduce risk of injury STIHL recommends the use
in the Safety Manual – improper use of STIHL Quickstop chain brake on your powerhead
can cause serious or fatal injury. with STIHL reduced kickback bar and low kickback chain.

Chain Saw
Safety Manual
Important Safety Precautions for Chain Saw Users

A. Kickback Safety Precautions take several steps to keep your 6. Follow manufacturer’s
cutting jobs free from accident or sharpening and maintenance
!Warning! injury. instructions for the saw chain.
Kickback may occur when the nose
1. With a basic understanding of 7. Only use replacement bars and
or tip of the guide bar touches an
kickback, you can reduce or eli- chains specified by the manu-
object, or when the wood closes in
minate the element of surprise. facturer or the equivalent.
and pinches the saw chain in the
Sudden surprise contributes to
cut. Tip contact in some cases may
accidents. 8. Reduced kickback bars and low
cause a lightning fast reverse
kickback chains are designed
reaction, kicking the guide bar up
2. Keep a good firm grip on the to reduce the risk of kickback
and back towards the operator.
saw with both hands, the right injury. Ask your STIHL dealer
Pinching the saw chain along the
hand on the rear handle, about these devices.
top of the guide bar may push the
and the left hand on the front
guide bar rapidly back towards the
handle, when the engine is run- B. Other Safety Precautions
operator. Either of these reactions
ning. Use a firm grip with
may cause you to lose control of the
thumbs and fingers encircling 1. Do not operate a chainsaw with
saw which could result in serious
the chainsaw handles. one hand! Serious injury to the
personal injury.
A firm grip will help you reduce operator, helpers, bystanders,
kickback and maintain control or any combination of these
Section 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991
of the saw. persons may result from one-
sets certain performance and
Don’t let go. handed operation. A chainsaw
design criteria related to chainsaw
is intended to be used with two
kickback. STIHL has developed a
3. Make sure the area in which you hands.
color code system using green and
are cutting is free from obstruc-
yellow to help you select a power-
tions. Do not let the nose of the 2. Do not operate a chainsaw when
head, bar and chain combination
guide bar contact a log, branch, you are fatigued.
that complies with the kickback
or any other obstruction while
requirements of the ANSI Standard.
you are operating the saw. 3. Use safety footwear; snug-fitting
See the sections entitled "Safety
clothing; protective gloves; and
Precautions" and "Specifications"
4. Cut at high engine speeds. eye, hearing, and head protect-
of this manual.
ion devices.
5. Do not overreach or cut above
Do not rely exclusively upon the
shoulder height.
safety devices built into your saw.
As a chainsaw user, you should
continued on the back inside cover
Contents

This manual contains the safety pre-


cautions and recommended cutting tech- Warning! Main Parts of Saw
Definitions
2
3
niques outlined in STIHL chainsaw Avoid contact of bar tip with any object.
Owner’s Manuals. Even if you are an This can cause the guide bar to kick sud- Safety Precautions 4
experienced chainsaw user, it is in your denly up and back, which may result in - The Operator 4
own interests to familiarize yourself with serious or fatal injury. To reduce the risk - The Saw 6
the latest rules and regulations regard- of kickback injury STIHL recommends - The Use of the Saw 6
ing safe use of your chainsaw. the use of STIHL green labeled reduced - Maintenance, Repair and Storing 23
kickback bars and low kickback chains
Please note that the illustrations on and a STIHL Quickstop chain brake. Maintenance Chart 25
page 2 show the chainsaw STIHL 023.
Contact your STIHL dealer or the STIHL
Other chainsaw models may have distributor for your area if you do not
different parts and controls. You should understand any of the instructions in this
therefore always refer to the Owner’s manual.
Manual of your particular saw model.

 Warning!
Because a chainsaw is a high-speed
wood-cutting tool, some special safety
precautions must be observed as with
any other power saw to reduce the risk
of personal injury. Careless or improper
use may cause serious or even fatal
injury. Read and follow all safety pre-
cautions in current Owner’s Manual or
Safety Manual. Always use two hands to
operate the chainsaw.

Printed on chlorine-free paper


Printing inks contain vegetable oils,
paper is recyclable
 1999 Andreas Stihl AG & Co., Waiblingen

0457 184 3021. M45. L9. T. Printed in Germany

1
Main Parts of the Saw

1= Fuel pump (easy start*)


2= Twist lock
3= Chain brake
4= Oilomatic saw chain
5= Guide bar
6= Front chain tensioner
1 7= Side chain tensioner
13 8= Adjusting wheel of quick tensioner *)
9= Chain sprocket
2 8 10 = Chain sprocket cover
11 11 = Bumper spike
3 12 = Chain catcher
13 = Decompression valve (easy start*)
7 5
9 *) Special option
6
10 4
12

20 = Muffler
21 = Starter grip
22 = Spark plug terminal
23 = Oil filler cap
28 24 = Fuel filler cap
29 25 = Master control lever
22 26 = Throttle trigger interlock
27 = Throttle trigger
21 28 = Front handle
29 = Front hand guard
20 30 = Rear handle
26 31 = Rear hand guard
25

27 30
23
24 31

2
Definitions

1. Fuel Pump. 11. Bumper Spike. 27. Throttle Trigger.


Fills carburator with fuel to simplify Toothed stop for holding saw steady Controls the speed of the engine.
starting. against wood.
28. Front Handle.
2. Twist Lock. 12. Chain Catcher. Handle bar for the left hand at front
Lock for carburetor box cover. Helps to reduce the risk of operator of saw.
contact by a chain when it breaks
3. Chain Brake. or comes off the bar. 29. Front Hand Guard.
A device to stop the rotation of the Provides protection against projecting
chain if activated in a kickback 13. Decompression Valve. branches and helps prevent the left
situation by the operator’s hand or Releases compression pressure hand from touching the chain if it slips
by inertia. to make starting easier. off the handle bar.

4. Oilomatic Saw Chain. 20. Muffler. 30. Rear Handle.


A loop consisting of cutters, tie straps Reduces engine exhaust noise and The support handle for the right hand
and drive links. directs the exhaust gases. located at or toward the rear of the
saw.
5. Guide Bar. 21. Starter Grip.
Supports and guides the saw chain. The grip of the starter, for starting 31. Rear Hand Guard.
the engine. Gives added protection to operator’s
6. Front Chain Tensioner. right hand.
Permits precise adjustment of chain 22. Spark Plug Terminal.
tension. Connects the spark plug with the
ignition wire. Guide Bar Nose.
7. Side Chain Tensioner. The exposed end of the guide bar.
Permits precise adjustment of chain 23. Oil Filler Cap. (not illustrated, see chapter
tension. For closing the oil tank. "Tensioning the Saw Chain".)

8. Adjusting Wheel. 24. Fuel Filler Cap. Clutch.


Permits precise adjustment of chain For closing the fuel tank. Couples engine to chain sprocket
tension. when engine is accelerated beyond
25. Master Control Lever. idle speed. (not illustrated).
9. Chain Sprocket. Lever for choke control, starting
The toothed wheel that drives the throttle, run and stop switch positions. Anti-Vibration System.
saw chain. The anti-vibration system includes
26. Throttle Trigger Interlock. a number of buffers designed to
10. Chain Sprocket Cover. Must be depressed before the reduce the transmission of engine
Covers the clutch and the sprocket. throttle trigger can be activated. and cutting attachment vibrations to
the operator’s hands. (not illustrated).

3
Safety Precautions

The use of any chainsaw Have your STIHL dealer show you how Safe use of a chainsaw involves
may be hazardous. to operate your chainsaw. Observe all
The saw chain has many applicable local safety regulations, 1. the operator
sharp cutters. If the standards and ordinances. 2. the saw
cutters contact your flesh, 3. the use of the saw.
they will cut you, even if the chain is not
moving. At full throttle, the chain speed Warning!
can reach 45 mph (20 m/s). It is impor- Minors should never be allowed to use a THE OPERATOR
tant that you read, fully understand chainsaw. Bystanders, especially
and observe the following safety precau- children, and animals should not be Physical Condition
tions and warnings. Read the Owner’s allowed in the area where a chainsaw is
Manual and the safety instructions in use. Never let the saw run unattended. You must be in good physical condition
periodically. Store it in a locked place away from and mental health and not under the
children and empty the fuel tank before influence of any substance (drugs,
Pay special attention to the section on storing for longer than a few days. alcohol) which might impair vision,
reactive forces. dexterity or judgment.
Do not lend or rent your

Warning! chainsaw without the


Owner‘s Manual. Be sure
Do not operate a chainsaw when you are
fatigued. Be alert – If you get tired while
Reactive forces, including kickback, can that anyone using your operating your chainsaw, take a break.
be dangerous. Careless or improper use saw reads and under- Tiredness may result in loss of control.
of any chainsaw may cause serious or stands the information contained in this Working with any chainsaw can be
fatal injury. manual. strenuous. If you have any condition that
might be aggravated by strenuous work,
All safety precautions that are generally These safety precautions and warnings check with your doctor before operating
observed when working with an ax or a apply to the use of all STIHL chainsaws. a chainsaw.
hand saw also apply to the operation of Different models may have different
chainsaws. However, because a chain-
saw is a high-speed, fast-cutting power
parts and controls. See the appropriate
section of your Owner’s Manual for a Warning!
tool, special safety precautions must be description of the controls and function Prolonged use of chainsaws (or other
observed to reduce the risk of personal of the parts of your model saw. machines) exposing the operator to
injury. vibrations may produce whitefinger
disease (Raynaud’s phenomenon) or
carpal tunnel syndrome. These conditions

4
reduce the hand’s ability to feel and – Keep the saw chain sharp and the Clothing must be sturdy
regulate temperature, produce numb- saw, including the AV system, well and snug-fitting, but allow
ness and burning sensations and may maintained. A dull chain will in- complete freedom of
cause nerve and circulation damage and crease cutting time, and pressing a movement. Avoid loose-
tissue necrosis. dull chain through wood will in- fitting jackets, scarfs,
crease the vibrations transmitted to neckties, jewelry, flared or cuffed pants,
All factors which contribute to whitefinger your hands. A saw with loose com- unconfined long hair or anything that
disease are not known, but cold weather, ponents or with damaged or worn could become entangled with the saw or
smoking and diseases or physical condi- AV buffers will also tend to have brush. Wear overalls or jeans with a
tions that affect blood vessels and blood higher vibration levels. reinforced cut retardant insert or cut
transport, as well as high vibration levels retardant chaps.
and long periods of exposure to vibration – Maintain a firm grip at all times, but
are mentioned as factors in the develop- do not squeeze the handles with Protect your hands with
ment of whitefinger disease. In order to constant, excessive pressures. gloves when handling
reduce the risk of whitefinger disease Take frequent breaks. saw and saw chain.
and carpal tunnel syndrome, please Heavyduty, nonslip
note the following: All the above mentioned precautions do gloves improve your grip
not guarantee that you will not sustain and protect your hands.
– Many STIHL models are available whitefinger disease or carpal tunnel
with an anti-vibration (“AV”) system syndrome. Therefore, continual and Good footing is most
designed to reduce the transmission regular users should monitor closely the important in chainsaw
of vibrations created by the engine condition of their hands and fingers. work. Wear sturdy boots
and cutting attachment to the If any of the above symptoms appear, with nonslip soles.
operator’s hands. An AV system is seek medical advice immediately. Steel-toed safety boots
recommended for those persons are recommended.
using chainsaws on a regular or
sustained basis. Proper Clothing To reduce the risk of injury to your eyes
never operate a chainsaw unless
– Wear gloves and keep your hands
warm. Heated handles, which are  Warning!
wearing goggles or properly fitted safety
glasses with adequate top and side
available on most STIHL power- To reduce the risk of injury, the operator protection complying with your national
heads, are recommended for cold should wear proper protective apparel. standard.
weather use.

5
Wear an approved safety THE USE OF THE SAW
hard hat to protect your
head. Chainsaw noise Transporting the chainsaw
may damage your
hearing. Always wear
sound barriers (ear plugs Warning!
or ear mufflers) to protect your hearing. Always stop the engine before putting a
Continual and regular users should have chainsaw down or carrying it. Carrying a
their hearing checked regularly. chainsaw with the engine running is
extremely dangerous.

THE SAW Accidental acceleration of the engine


can cause the chain to rotate. During
Parts of the chainsaw; for illustrations operation, the powerhead muffler and
and definitions of the parts see the the material around it reach extremely

001BA027 LÄ
chapter on “Main Parts of Saw”. high temperatures. Avoid touching the
hot muffler, you could receive serious


burns.
Warning!
Never modify a chainsaw in any way. By hand: When carrying your saw by
Only attachments and parts supplied by hand, the engine must be stopped and The chain guard (scabbard) should be
STIHL or expressly approved by STIHL the saw must be in the proper position. over the chain and the guide bar, which
for use with the specific STIHL saw should point backwards. When carrying
models are authorized. Although certain Grip the front handle and place the your saw, the bar should be behind you.
unauthorized attachments are useable muffler away from the body.
with the STIHL powerhead, their use By vehicle: When transporting in a
may, in fact, be extremely dangerous. vehicle, keep chain and bar covered with
the chain guard. Properly secure your
saw to prevent turnover, fuel spillage
and damage to the saw.

6
Preparation for the use of the saw and thereafter at regular intervals (when- Fueling Instructions
ever the saw is shut off). If the chain
Take off the chain guard and inspect for
safety in operation. For assembly, follow
becomes loose while cutting, shut off the
engine and then tighten. Never try to Warning!
the procedure described in the chapter tighten the chain while the engine is Fuel your chainsaw in well-ventilated
“Mounting the Bar and Chain” of your running! areas, outdoors only. Always shut off the
Owner’s Manual. engine and allow it to cool before refue-
ling. Gasoline vapor pressure may build
STIHL Oilomatic chain, guide bar and Fueling up inside the gas tank of a two cycle
sprocket must match each other in engine depending on the fuel used, the
gauge and pitch. Your STIHL chainsaw uses an oil-gaso- weather conditions, and the venting
line mixture for fuel (see chapter “Fuel” system of the tank. In order to reduce
Before replacing any bar and chain, of your Owner’s Manual). the risk of burns or other personal injury
see the sections on “Specifications”, from escaping gas vapor and fumes,
remove the fuel filler cap on the STIHL
"Kickback" and the "ANSI B 175.1-1991
chainsaw kickback standard" in this Warning! product carefully so as to allow any
manual. Gasoline is an extremely flammable fuel. pressure build-up in the tank to release
If spilled or ignited by a spark or other slowly. Never remove fuel filler cap while
engine is running.
 Warning!
ignition source, it can cause fire and
serious burn injury or property damage.
Proper tension of the chain is extremely Use extreme caution when handling Select bare ground for fueling and move
important. In order to avoid improper gasoline or fuel mix. at least 10 feet (3 m) from fueling spot
setting, the tensioning procedure must before starting the engine. Wipe off any
be followed as described in your manual. Do not smoke or bring spilled fuel before starting your saw, and
Always make sure the hexagonal nut(s) any fire or flame near the check for leakage.
for the sprocket cover is (are) tightened fuel or the chainsaw.
securely after tensioning the chain.
Never start the saw with the sprocket
Note that combustible
fuel vapors may be vented
Warning!
Check for fuel leakage while refueling
cover loose. Check chain tension once from the fuel system. and during operation. If fuel or oil leakage
more after having tightened the nut(s) is found, do not start or run the engine
until leak is fixed and spilled fuel has
been wiped away. Take care not to get
fuel on your clothing. If this happens,
change your clothing immediately.

7
 Warning!
Unit vibrations can cause an improperly
tightened fuel filler cap to loosen or come
off and spill quantities of fuel. In order to
reduce the risk of fuel spillage and fire,
tighten fuel filler cap by hand with as
much force as possible.

The screwdriver end of


the STIHL combination
wrench or other similar
tool can be used as an aid
in tightening slotted fuel
filler caps.

001BA028 LÄ

143BA019
Starting
The chain brake must be engaged when
starting the saw.

Warning! With the first method, the chainsaw is


started on the ground. Make sure the
The second recommended method for
starting your chainsaw allows you to start
Your chainsaw is a one-person saw. chain brake is engaged (see “Chain the saw without placing it on the
Do not allow other persons to be near Brake” chapter in your Owner’s Manual) ground. Make sure the chain brake is
the running chainsaw. Start and operate and place the chainsaw on firm ground engaged, grip the front handle of the
your saw without assistance. For specific or other solid surface in an open area. chainsaw firmly with your left hand.
starting instructions, see the appropriate Maintain good balance and secure Keep your arm on the front handle in a
section of the Owner’s Manual. Proper footing. locked (straight) position. Hold the rear
starting methods reduce the risk of injury. handle of the saw tightly between your
Do not drop start. This method is very Grip the front handlebar of the saw firmly legs just above the knees. Maintain good
dangerous because you may lose control with your left hand and press down. balance and secure footing. Pull the
of the saw. For saws with a rear handle level with starting grip slowly with your right hand
the ground, put the toe of your right foot until you feel a definite resistance and then
There are two recommended methods into the rear handle and press down. give it a brisk, strong pull.
for starting your chainsaw. With your right hand pull out the starter
grip slowly until you feel a definite
resistance and then give it a brisk,
strong pull.

8
Warning! Important adjustments To reduce the risk of serious or fatal

Be sure that the guide bar and chain are Warning! injury from breathing toxic fumes, never
run the chainsaw indoors or in poorly
clear of you and all other obstructions To reduce the risk of personal injury from ventilated locations. Ensure proper venti-
and objects, including the ground. When loss of control or contact with the lation when working in trenches or other
the engine is started, the engine speed running chain, do not use a saw with confined areas.
with the starting throttle lock engaged incorrect idle adjustment. At correct idle

:Warning!
will be fast enough for the clutch to speed, the chain should not rotate. For
engage the sprocket and, if the chain- directions to adjust idle speed, see the
brake is not activated, turn the chain. appropriate section of your Owner’s Use of this product (including sharpen-
If the upper quadrant of the tip of the bar Manual. If you cannot set the correct idle ing the saw chain) can generate dust,
touches any object, it may cause kick- speed, have your STIHL dealer check mists and fumes containing chemicals
back to occur (see section on reactive your saw and make proper adjustments known to cause respiratory disease, can-
forces). To reduce this risk, always or repairs. cer, birth defects, or other reproductive
engage the chain brake before starting. harm. If you are unfamiliar with the risks
Never attempt to start the chainsaw After adjusting a chain, start the saw, let associated with the particular dust, mist
when the guide bar is in a cut or kerf. the engine run for a while, then switch or fume at issue, consult your employer,
engine off and recheck chain tension. governmental agencies such as OSHA
 Warning!
Proper chain tension is very important at
all times.
and NIOSH and other sources on hazar-
dous materials. California and some
When you pull the starter grip, do not other authorities, for instance, have pub-
wrap the starting rope around your Working Conditions lished lists of substances known to cause
hands. Do not allow the grip to snap cancer, reproductive toxicity, etc.
back, but guide the starter rope slowly Operate the chainsaw under good
back to permit the rope to rewind visibility and daylight conditions only. Control dust (such as sawdust), mists

Warning!
properly. Failure to follow this procedure (such as oli mist from chain lubrication)
may result in injury to hand or fingers and fumes at the source where possible.
and may damage the starter mechanism. Your chainsaw produces In this regard use good work practices
poisonous exhaust fumes and follow the recommendations of
as soon as the combusti- OSHA / NIOSH and occupational and
ble engine is running. trade associations. When the inhalation
These gases (e.g. carbon of toxic dust, mists and fumes cannot be
monoxide) may be colorless and odor-
less.

9
eliminated, the operator and any by-
standers should always wear a respirator
hot. Don’t work alone. Keep within calling
distance of others in case help is Warning!
approved by NIOSH / MSHA for the type needed. Avoid stumbling on obstacles such as
substance at issue. stumps, roots or rocks and watch out for
Your chainsaw is equipped with a chain holes or ditches. Clear the area where

 catcher. It is designed to reduce the risk you are working. Be extremely cautious
Warning! of personal injury in the event of a thrown when working on slopes or uneven
Breathing asbestos dust is dangerous or broken chain. From time to time the ground. There is increased danger of
and can cause severe or fatal injury, re- catcher may be damaged or removed. slipping on freshly debarked logs.
spiratory illness or cancer. The use and To reduce the risk of personal injury,
disposal of asbestos containing products
have been strictly regulated by OSHA
do not operate a chainsaw with a
damaged or missing catcher.
Warning!
and the Environmental Protection Agen- To reduce the risk
cy. Do not cut or disturb asbestos, asbe- Inspect buffers periodically. Replace of serious or fatal
stos containing products (e.g. asbestos damaged, broken or excessively worn injury to the opera-
containing drywall or other construction buffers immediately, since they may tor or bystanders,
products), or products such as pipes result in loss of control of the saw. never use the saw
which are wrapped or covered with asbe- with one hand.
stos insulation. If you have any reason A “sponginess” in the feel of the saw, You cannot control reactive forces and
to believe that you might be cutting asbe- increased vibration or increased you may lose control of the saw, which
stos, immediately contact your employer “bottoming” during normal operation can result in the skating or bouncing of
or a local OSHA representative. may indicate damage, breakage or the bar and chain along the limb or log.
excessive wear. Buffers should always
The muffler and other parts of the engine be replaced in sets. If you have any Even for those compact saws designed
(e.g. fins of the cylinder, spark plug) questions as to whether the buffers for use in confined spaces, one-handed
become hot during operation and remain should be replaced, consult your STIHL operation is dangerous because the
hot for a while after stopping the engine. servicing dealer. operator may lose control.
To reduce risk of burns do not touch the
muffler and other parts while they are
Warning!
Take extreme care in wet and freezing
weather (rain, snow, ice). Put off the
work when the weather is windy, stormy
or rainfall is heavy.

10
001BA087 LÄ

001BA018 LA
Cutting Instructions
Grip: Always hold the saw firmly with Warning!
both hands when the engine is running. Never touch a chain with your hand or
Place your left hand on front handle bar any part of your body when the engine is
and your right hand on rear handle and running, even when the chain is not

001BA031 LÄ
throttle trigger. Left-handers should rotating. The chain continues to rotate
follow these instructions too. for a short period after the throttle trigger
is released.
Wrap your fingers tightly around the
handles, keeping the handles cradled Warning!
between your thumb and forefinger. Do not cut any material other than wood Never work on a ladder, or on any other
With your hands in this position, you can or wooden objects. insecure support. Never use the saw
best oppose and absorb the push, pull Use your chainsaw for cutting only. above shoulder height.
and kickback forces of your saw without It is not designed for prying or shoveling

Warning!
losing control (see section on reactive away limbs, roots or other objects.
forces). Make sure your chainsaw When sawing, make sure that the saw
handles and grip are in good condition chain does not touch any foreign Never work in a tree unless you have
and free of moisture, pitch, oil or grease. materials such as rocks, fences, nails received specific, professional training
and the like. for such work, are properly secured

 Warning! Such objects may be flung off, damage


(such as tackle and harness system or a
lift bucket), have both hands free for
Do not operate your chainsaw with the the saw chain or cause the saw to operating the chainsaw in a cramped
starting throttle lock engaged. Cutting kickback. environment and have taken proper
with the starting throttle lock engaged precautions to avoid injury from falling
does not permit the operator proper
control of the saw or chain speed.
Warning! limbs or branches.
In order to keep control of your saw,
always maintain a firm foothold.

11
001BA082 KN

001BA093 LÄ
Position the chainsaw in such a way that powerful force used to cut wood can be
your body is clear of the cutting attach- reversed (and work against the opera-
ment whenever the engine is running. tor). If the rotating chain is suddenly
Stand to the left of cut while bucking. stopped by contact with any solid object
like a log or branch or is pinched, the

001BA035 LÄ
Don’t put pressure on the saw when reactive forces may occur instantly.
reaching the end of a cut. The pressure These reactive forces may result in loss
may cause the bar and rotating chain to of control which may, in turn, cause
pop out of the cut or kerf, go out of serious or fatal injury. An understanding
control and strike the operator or some of the causes of these reactive forces
other object. If the rotating chain strikes may helpyou avoid loss of control. The reaction of the cutting force of the
some other object, a reactive force may chain causes a rotational force on the
cause the moving chain to strike the The most common reactive forces are chainsaw in the direction opposite to the
operator. – kickback, chain movement. This may fling the bar
– pushback, up and back in an uncontrolled arc
– pull-in. mainly in the plane of the bar. Under
Reactive forces including kickback some cutting circumstances the bar

Warning! Kickback:
Kickback may occur when
moves towards the operator, who may
suffer severe or fatal injury.
Reactives forces may occur any time the the moving saw chain
chain is rotating. Reactives forces can near the upper quadrant of Kickback may occur when the nose of
be dangerous! In any chainsaw, the the bar nose contacts a the guide bar is pinched unexpectedly,
solid object or is pinched. unintentionally contacts solid material in
the wood or is incorrectly used to begin
a plunge or boring cut.

12
It may also occur during limbing. a) saws with a displacement of less than angles that may occur in real life cutting
The greater the force of the kickback 3.8 cubic inches situations. Compliance with § 5.12 of
reaction, the more difficult it becomes for – must, in their original condition, ANSI B 175.1-1991 does not automatic-
the operator to control the saw. Many meet a 45° computer derived ally mean that in a real life kickback the
factors influence the occurrence and kickback angle when equipped with bar and chain will rotate at most 45°.
force of the kickback reaction. These certain cutting attachments.
include chain speed, the speed at which
the bar and chain contact the object, the
– and must be equipped with at least
two devices to reduce the risk of Warning!
angle of contact, the condition of the kickback injury, such as a chain In order for powerheads below 3.8 cubic
chain and other factors. brake, low kickback chain, reduced inch displacement to comply with the
kickback bar, etc. computed kickback angle requirements
The type of bar and saw chain you use of § 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991 use only
is an important factor in the occurrence b) saws with a displacement of 3.8 cubic the following cutting attachments:
and force of the kickback reaction. inches and above
Some STIHL bar and chain types are – must be equipped with at least one – bar and chain combinations listed as
designed to reduce kickback forces. device designed to reduce the risk complying in the “Specifications”
STIHL recommends the use of reduced of kickback injury such as a chain section of the Owner’s Manual or
kickback bars and low kickback chains. brake, low kickback chain, reduced – other replacement bar and chain
kickback bar, etc. combinations marked in accordance
with the standard for use on the
ANSI B 175.1-1991 chainsaw kickback The computer derived angles for saws powerhead or
standard below 3.8 cubic inch displacement are – replacement chain designated
measured by applying a computer “low kickback saw chain’’.
Section 5.12 of ANSI standard B 175.1– program to test results from a kickback See the section on "Low kickback saw
1991, sets certain performance and test machine. chain and reduced kickback bars"
design criteria related to chainsaw
kickback.
To comply with section 5.12 of ANSI B Warning!
175.1-1991: The computer derived angles of § 5.12 of
ANSI B 175.1-1991 may bear no rela-
tionship to actual kickback bar rotation

13
Devices for reducing the risk of
kickback injury Warning!
Never operate your chainsaw without a
STIHL recommends the use of the STIHL front hand guard. In a kickback situation
Quickstop chain brake on your power- this guard helps protect your left hand or
head with green labeled reduced kick- other parts of your body. In addition,
back bars and low kickback chains. removal of the hand guard on a saw
equipped with a chain brake will deactivate


the chain brake.
Warning!
To reduce the risk of injury, stop using
the saw immediately if the chain brake Warning!
does not function properly. Take the saw No Quickstop or other chain brake
to your local STIHL Service Centre! Do device prevents kickback. These devices
not use the saw until the problem has are designed to reduce the risk of
been rectified (see the section “Chain kickback injury, if activated, in certain

001BA036 LA
Brake”). kickback situations. In order for the
Quickstop to reduce the risk of kickback
injury, it must be properly maintained
Quickstop chain brake and in good working order. See the
When a kickback occurs, the guide bar chapter entitled “Chain Brake” and
STIHL has developed a chain stopping may rotate around the front handle. If the “Maintenance, Repair and Storing” of
system designed to reduce the risk of cutting position is such that the operator’s your Owner’s Manual. In addition, there
injury in certain kickback situations. left hand is gripping the front handle must be enough distance between the
It is called a Quickstop chain brake. behind the hand guard, and if the left bar and the operator to ensure that the
The Quickstop is available as standard hand rotates around the front handle and Quickstop has sufficient time to activate
equipment on your STIHL chainsaw and makes a sufficiently forceful contact with and stop the chain before potential
is available for installation on most older the front hand guard, which is the Quick- contact with the operator.
STIHL saws. Ask your dealer to retrofit stop activating lever, this contact will
your older model saw with a chain brake. activate the Quickstop. The chain brake
on most new model STIHL chainsaws
can also be activated by inertia. See the
chapter entitled “Chain Brake” of your
Owner’s Manual.

14
Warning! reduce the risk of kickback injury. Other
chains are designed to obtain higher cut-
Please ask your STlHL dealer to properly
match your powerhead with the appro-
An improperly maintained chain brake ting efficiency or sharpening ease but priate bar/chain combinations to reduce
may increase the time needed to stop may result in higher kickback tendency. the risk of kickback injury. Green labeled
the chain after activation, or may not bars and chains are recommended for all
activate at all. STIHL has developed a color code powerheads. See your “STIHL Bar and
 Warning!
system to help you identify the STIHL
reduced kickback bars and low kick-
Chain Information” leaflet for details.
Never run the chainsaw above idle
speed for more than 3 seconds when
back chains. Cutting attachments with
green warning decals or green labels on Warning!
the chain brake is engaged or the chain the packaging are designed to reduce Use of other, non-listed bar/chain combi-
is pinched or otherwise caught in the cut. the risk of kickback injury. The matching nations may increase kickback forces
Clutch slippage can cause excessive of green decaled powerheads under 3.8 and increase the risk of kickback injury.
heat, leading to severe damage of the cubic inch displacement with green New bar/chain combinations may be
motor housing, clutch and oiler compo- labeled bars and green labeled chains developed after publication of this litera-
nent and may interfere with the operation gives compliance with the computed ture, which will, in combination with
of the chain brake. If clutch slippage in kickback angle requirements of ANSI B certain powerheads, comply with § 5.12
excess of 3 seconds has occured, allow 175.1-1991 when the products are in of ANSI B 175.1-1991. Check with your
the motor housing to cool before pro- their original condition. Products with STIHL dealer for such combinations.
ceeding and check the operation of your yellow decals or labels are for users with
chain brake as described in the chapter
entitled “Chain Brake”. Also make sure
extraordinary cutting needs and
experience and specialized training for Warning!
that the chain is not turning at idle speed dealing with kickback. Reduced kickback bars and low kickback
(see above “Important Adjustments”). chains do not prevent kickback, but they
STIHL recommends the use of its are designed to reduce the risk of kick-
green labeled reduced kickback bars, back injury. They are available from your
Low kickback saw chain and reduced green labeled low kickback chains STIHL dealer.
kickback bars" and a STIHL Quickstop chain brake

STIHL offers a variety of bars and


for both experienced and inexpe-
rienced chainsaw users. Warning!
chains. STIHL reduced kickback bars Even if your saw is equipped with a
and low kickback chains are designed to Quickstop, a reduced kickback bar
and/or low kickback chain, this does not
eliminate the risk of injury by kickback.
Therefore, always observe all safety
precautions to avoid kickback situations.

15
Low kickback chain kickback energy. Improper lowering or To avoid kickback
sharpening of the depth gauges or
Some types of saw chain have specially shaping of the cutters may increase the The best protection from personal injury
designed components to reduce the chance and the potential energy of a that may result from kickback is to avoid
force of nose contact kickback. STIHL kickback. Always cut with a properly kickback situations:
has developed low kickback chain for sharpened chain.
your powerhead. 1. Hold the chainsaw firmly with both
hands and maintain a secure grip.
“Low kickback saw chain” is a chain Reduced kickback bar 2. Be aware of the location of the guide
which has met the kickback performance bar nose at all times.
requirements of § 5.12.2.4 of STIHL green labeled reduced kickback 3. Never let the nose of the guide bar
ANSI B 175.1-1991 (Safety Require- bars are designed to reduce the risk of contact any object. Do not cut limbs
ments for Gasoline-Powered Chain- kickback injury when used with STIHL with the nose of the guide bar.
Saws) when tested on a selected repre- green labeled low kickback chains. Be especially careful when cutting
sentative sample of chainsaws below small, tough limbs, small size brush

Warning!
3.8 cubic inch displacement specified in and saplings which may easily catch
ANSI B 175.1-1991. the chain.
When used with other, more aggressive 4 Don’t overreach.

Warning!
chains, these bars may be less effective 5. Don’t cut above shoulder height.
in reducing kickback, and may result in 6. Begin cutting and continue at full
There are potential powerhead and bar higher kickback forces. throttle.
combinations with which low kickback 7. Cut only one log at a time.
saw chains can be used which have not 8. Use extreme caution when reentering
been specifically certified to comply with Bow Guides a previous cut.

Warning!
the 45° computer derived kickback angle 9. Do not attempt to plunge cut if you
of § 5.12 of ANSI B 175.1-1991. are not experienced with these
Some low kickback chains have not Do not mount a bow guide on any cutting techniques.
been tested with all powerhead and bar STIHL chainsaw. 10. Be alert for shifting of the log or other
combinations. Any chainsaw equipped with a bow forces that may cause the cut to

Warning! guide is potentially very dangerous.


The risk of kickback is increased with a
close and pinch the chain.
11. Maintain saw chain properly. Cut with
A dull or improperly sharpened chain bow guide because of the increased a correctly sharpened, properly
may reduce or negate the effects of the kickback contact area. Low kickback tensioned chain at all times.
design features intended to reduce chain will not significantly reduce the risk 12. Stand to the side of the cutting path
of kickback injury when used on a bow of the chainsaw.
guide.

16
Cutting Techniques

Felling

Felling is cutting down a tree.

001BA037 LÄ

001BA038 LÄ
Before felling a tree, consider carefully all
conditions which may affect the direction
of fall, including:

A = Pull-in: B = Pushback: The intended direction of the fall.

Pull-in occurs when the chain on the Pushback occurs when the chain on the The natural lean of the tree.
bottom of the bar is suddenly stopped top of the bar is suddenly stopped when
when it is pinched, caught or encounters it is pinched, caught or encounters a Any unusually heavy limb structure.
a foreign object in the wood. The reaction foreign object in the wood. The reaction
of the chain pulls the saw forward and of the chain drives the saw straight back Surrounding trees and obstacles.
may cause the operator to lose control. toward the operator and may cause loss
of saw control. Pushback frequently The wind direction and speed.
Pull-in frequently occurs when the occurs when the top of the bar is used for
bumper spike of the saw is not held cutting.
securely against the tree or limb and
when the chain is not rotating at full To avoid pushback Warning!
speed before it contacts the wood. Always observe the general condition of
1. Be alert to forces or situations that the tree. Inexperienced users should

 Warning!
may cause material to pinch the top
of the chain.
never attempt to cut trees which are
decayed or rotted inside or which are
Use extreme caution when cutting small leaning or otherwise under tension.
size brush and saplings which may easily 2. Do not cut more than one log at a time. There is an increased risk that such trees
catch the chain and pull you off balance. could snap or split while being cut and
3. Do not twist the saw when cause serious or fatal injury to the
To avoid pull-in withdrawing the bar from a plunge operator or bystanders. Also look for
1. Always start a cut with the chain cut or underbuck cut because the broken or dead branches which could
rotating at full speed and the bumper chain can pinch. vibrate loose and fall on the operator.
spike in contact with the wood. When felling on a slope, the operator
2. Pull-in may also be prevented by using should stand on the uphill side if
wedges to open the kerf or cut. possible.

17
001BA088 LÄ
1 1/ 2 1
21/2

Felling Instructions:

When felling, maintain a distance of at


least 21/2 tree lengths from the nearest
person.

001BA040 LÄ

001BA041 LÄ
When felling in the vicinity of roads,
railways and power lines, etc., take extra
precautions. Inform the police, utility
company or railway authority before
beginning to cut. Escape path Buttress roots
 Warning! First clear the tree base and work area If the tree has large buttress roots, cut
The noise of your engine may drown any from interfering limbs and brush and into the largest buttress vertically first
warning call. clean its lower portion with an ax. (horizontally next) and remove the
 Warning! Then, establish two paths of escape (B)
resulting piece.
There are a number of factors that may and remove all obstacles. These paths
affect and change the intended direction should be generally opposite to the plan-
of fall, e.g. wind, lean of tree, sloping ned direction of the fall of the tree (A)
ground, one-sided limb structure, wood and about at a 45° angle. Place all
structure, decay, snow load, etc. To re- tools and equipment a safe distance away
duce the risk of severe or fatal injury to from the tree, but not on the escape paths.
yourself or others, look for these condi-
tions prior to beginning the cut, and be
alert for a change in direction during fall.

18
001BA042 LÄ
001BA019 KN

Gunning sight Conventional cut Open-face technique

When making the felling notch, use the A = felling notch - determines the A = felling notch - determines the
gunning sight on the shroud and housing direction of the fall direction of the fall
to check the required direction of fall:
For a conventional cut: For an open-face cut:
• Position the saw so that the
gunning sight points exactly in the
direction you want the tree to fall.
• Properly place felling notch
perpendicular to the Iine of fall,
• Properly place felling notch
perpendicular to the Iine of falI,
close to the ground close to the ground
• Cut down at app. 45-degree angle
to a depth of about 1/5 to 1/4 of the
• Cut down at app. 50-degree angle
to a depth of app.1/5 to 1/4 of the
trunk diameter trunk diameter
• Make second cut horizontal • Make second cut from below at
• Remove resulting 45-degree piece app. 40 degree angle
• Remove resulting 90-degree piece

19
001BA043 LÄ

001BA044 LÄ

001BA045 LÄ
Making sapwood cuts B = Felling cut C = Hinge
Conventional and open-face technique: • Helps control the falling tree
• For medium sized or larger trees
make cuts at both sides of the trunk,
• Begin 1 to 2 inches higher than
center of felling notch
• Do not cut through the hinge -
you could lose control of the
• at same height as subsequent • Cut horizontalIy towards the felling direction of the fall


felling cut.
Cut to no more than width of guide •
notch
Leave approx.1/10 of diameter uncut. Warning!
bar. This is the hinge In order to reduce the risk of personal

This is especially important in soft


• Do not cut through the hinge –
you could lose control of the
injury, never stand directly behind the
tree when it is about to fall, since part of
wood in summer - it helps prevent direction of the fall the trunk may split and come back
sapwood splintering when the tree Drive wedges into the felling cut where towards the operator (barber-chairing),
falls. necessary to control the fall. or the tree may jump backwards off the

Warning! stump. Always keep to the side of the


falling tree. When the tree starts to fall,
If the tip of the bar contacts a wedge, withdraw the bar, shut off the engine and
it may cause kickback. Wedges should walk away on the preplanned escape
be of wood or plastic – never steel, path. Watch out for falling limbs.
which can damage the chain.

20
001BA047 LÄ
001BA046 LÄ

001BA048 LÄ
Warning! Felling cut for large diameter trees: Avoid repositioning the saw more than

Be extremely careful with partially fallen Warning! necessary. When repositioning for the
next cut, keep the guide bar fully engaged
trees which are poorly supported. Felling a tree that has a diameter greater in the kerf to keep the felling cut straight.
When the tree hangs or for some other than the length of the guide bar requires If the saw begins to pinch, insert a
reason does not fall completely, set the use of either the sectioning felling cut or wedge to open the cut. On the last cut,
saw aside and pull the tree down with a plunge-cut method. These methods are do not cut the hinge.
cable winch, block and tackle or tractor. extremely dangerous because they
If you try to cut it down with your saw, involve the use of the nose of the guide
you may be injured. bar and can result in kickback. Only Plunge-cut method
properly trained professionals should
Felling cut for small diameter trees: attempt these techniques. Timber having a diameter more than
simple fan cut twice the length of the guide bar requires
Sectioning method the use of the plunge-cut method before
Engage the bumper spikes of the chain- For the sectioning method make the first making the felling cut.
saw directly behind the location of the part of the felling cut with the guide bar
intended hinge and pivot the saw around fanning in toward the hinge. Then, using
this point only as far as the hinge. The the bumper spike as a pivot, reposition
bumper spike rolls against the trunk. the saw for the next cut.

21
If you are inexperienced with a chainsaw,
plunge-cutting should not be attempted.
Seek the help of a professional.

001BA089 LÄ
Limbing
Limbing is removing the branches from
a fallen tree.

Warning!
First, cut a large, wide felling notch. There is an extreme danger of kickback
Make a plunge cut in the center of the during the limbing operation. Do not
notch. work with the nose of the bar. Be extremely
cautious and avoid contacting the log or
The plunge cut is made with the guide other limbs with the nose of the guide bar.

001BA033 LÄ
bar nose. Begin the plunge cut by
applying the lower portion of the guide Do not stand on a log while limbing it –
bar nose to the tree at an angle. Cut until you may slip or the log may roll.
the depth of the kerf is about the same as
the width of the guide bar. Next, align Start limbing by leaving the lower limbs to
the saw in the direction in which the support the log off the ground. When Bucking
recess is to be cut. underbucking freely hanging limbs, Bucking is cutting a log into sections.

With the saw at full throttle, insert the


a pinch may result or the limb may fall,
causing loss of control. If a pinch occurs, Warnings!
guide bar in the trunk. stop the engine and remove the saw, 1. When bucking, do not stand on the
by lifting the limb. log. Make sure the log will not roll
Enlarge the plunge cut as shown in
illustration. Warning! downhill. If on a slope, stand on the
uphill side of the log.

Warning!
Be extremely cautious when cutting Watch out for rolling logs.
limbs or logs under tension (spring poles).
There is an extreme danger of kickback The limbs or logs could spring back
at this point. Extra caution must be taken toward the operator and cause loss of
to maintain control of the saw. To make control of the saw and severe or fatal
the felling cut, follow the sectioning injury to the operator.
method described previously.

22
MAINTENANCE, REPAIR
AND STORING

Maintenance, replacement, or repair


of the emission control devices and
systems may be performed by any
nonroad engine repair establishment
or individual. However if you claim
warranty for a component which has
not been serviced or maintained pro-
perly or if nonapproved replacement
parts were used, STIHL may deny
warranty.

Never operate a chainsaw that is


001BA051 LÄ

001BA050 LÄ
damaged, improperly adjusted or not
completely or securely assembled.
Follow the maintenance and repair
instructions in the appropriate section of
your Owner’s Manual, especially those
2. Cut only one log at a time. 5. Logs under strain: Risk of pinching! in the chapters “Mounting the Bar and
Always start relieving cut (1) at Chain”, “Maintaining and Sharpening”
3. Shattered wood should be cut very compression side (A). and “Chain Brake”.
carefully. Sharp slivers of wood Then make bucking cut (2) at
may be caught and flung in the
direction of the operator of the saw.
tension side (B).
If the saw pinches, stop the engine Warning!
and remove it from the log. Use only STIHL replacement parts for
4. When cutting small logs, place log maintenance and repair. Use of parts
through “V” - shaped supports on 6. Only properly trained professionals manufactured by others may cause
top of a sawhorse. Never permit should work in an area where the serious or fatal injury.
another person to hold the log.
Never hold the log with your leg or
logs, limbs and roots are tangled.
Working in blowdown areas is Warning!
foot. extremely hazardous. Always stop the engine and ensure that
the chain is stopped before making any
7. Drag the logs into a clear area before adjustments, maintenance or repair work,
cutting. Pull out exposed and cleared
logs first.

23
changing the saw chain or cleaning the result. If your muffler was equipped with For the proper and effective operation of
saw. Do not attempt any maintenance or a spark-arresting screen to reduce the the chain brake the brake band and
repair work not described in your risk of fire (e. g. in the USA, Canada and clutch drum must be kept free of dirt,
Owner’s Manual. Have such work perfor- Australia), never operate your saw if the grease and other foreign matter which
med at your STIHL service shop only. screen is missing or damaged. Remem- may reduce friction of the band on the

 Warning!
ber that the risk of forest fires is greater
in hot or dry weather.
drum.

Never test the ignition system with Keep the chain, bar and sprocket clean; For these reasons, each STIHL chain-
ignition wire terminal removed from spark replace worn sprockets or chains. saw should be returned to trained
plug or with unseated spark plug, since Keep the chain sharp. personnel such as your STIHL servicing
uncontained sparking may cause a fire. You can spot a dull chain when easy-to- dealer for periodic inspection and
 Warning!
cut wood becomes hard to cut and burn
marks appear on the wood.
servicing of the brake system according
to the following schedule:
To reduce the risk of fire and burn injury, Keep the chain at proper tension. Tighten Heavy usage - every three months,
use only spark plugs authorized by all nuts, bolts and screws except the Moderate usage - twice a year,
STIHL. Always press spark plug boot carburetor adjustment screws after each Occasional usage - annually.
snugly onto spark plug terminal of the use.

Warning!
proper size. (Note: If terminal has The chainsaw should also be returned
detachable SAE adapter nut, it must be immediately for maintenance whenever
attached.) A loose connection between In order for the chain brake on your the brake system cannot be thoroughly
spark plug terminal and ignition wire STIHL chainsaw to properly perform its cleaned or there is a change in its
connector in the boot may create arcing function of reducing the risk of kickback operating characteristics.
that could ignite combustible fumes and and other injuries, it must be properly
cause a fire. Keep spark plug clean, and maintained. Like an automobile brake, For any maintenance please refer to the
make sure ignition lead is in good a chainsaw chain brake incurs wear maintenance chart and to the warranty
condition. each time it is engaged. statement near the end of this manual.
 Warning! The amount of wear will vary depending Additionally, the daily maintenance
Do not operate your chainsaw if the upon usage, conditions under which the schedule for your chainsaw set forth in
muffler is damaged, missing or modified. saw is used and other factors. Excessive your STIHL Owner’s Manual should be
An improperly maintained muffler will wear will reduce the effectiveness of the strictly followed.
increase the risk of fire and hearing loss. chain brake and can render it inoperable.
Never touch a hot muffler or burn will
Store chainsaw in a dry place and away
from children. Before storing for longer
than a few days, always empty the fuel
tank (see chapter "Storing the Machine"
in this manual).

24
Maintenance Chart

Please note:
Different models may have different parts and controls.

refueling stop
after finishing
starting work

work or daily

as required
if damaged
after each

see page:
monthly

if faulty
weekly
before
Visual inspection (condition, leaks) x x
Complete machine
Clean x
Throttle trigger , throttle trigger interlock,
Master Control, depending on model Check operation x x
Check operation x x
Chain brake
Clean by STIHL dealer x
Check x
Filter in fuel tank
Clean, Replace filter element x
Fuel tank Clean x
Chain oil tank Clean x
Chain lubrication Check x
Inspect, also check sharpness x x
Saw chain Check chain tension x x
Sharpen x
Check (wear, damage) x
Clean and turn over x x
Guide bar
Deburr x
Replace x x
Chain sprocket Check x
Clean x x
Air filter
Replace x
Cooling inlets Clean x
Cylinder fins Clean x
Check idle adjustment – chain must not turn x x
Carburetor
Readjust idle x
Spark plug Replace x
All accessible screws and nuts
(not adjusting screws) Retighten x
Inspect x
Rubber vibration buffers
Have replaced by STIHL dealer x
Inspect x x
Muffler Inspect spark arrestor screen x
Clean or replace spark arrestor screen x x
Check x
Chain catcher
Replace x

25
Continuation of Important Safety Precautions

4. Use caution when handling fuel. 10. Do not operate a chainsaw that Manual maintenance instruc-
Move the chainsaw at least is damaged, improperly tions, should be performed by
10 feet (3 m) from the fueling adjusted, or not completely competent chainsaw service
point before starting the engine. and securely assembled. Be personnel.
sure that the saw chain stops (For example, if improper tools
5. Do not allow other persons to moving when the throttle trigger are used to remove the
be near the chainsaw when is released. flywheel or if an improper tool
starting or cutting with the is used to hold the flywheel in
chainsaw. Keep bystanders 11. Shut off the engine before order to remove the clutch,
and animals out of the work setting the chainsaw down. structural damage to the
area. flywheel could occur and could
12. Use extreme caution when be subsequently cause the
6. Do not start cutting until you cutting small size brush and flywheel to burst).
have a clear work area, secure saplings because slender mate-
footing, and a planned retreat rial may catch the saw chain 18. When transporting your chain-
path from the falling tree. and be whipped toward you or saw, use the appropriate chain
pull you off balance. guard (scabbard).
7. Keep all parts of your body
away from the saw chain when 13. When cutting a limb that is Other important safety precautions
the engine is running. under tension be alert for are contained in the body of the
springback so that you will not Owner’s Manual.
8. Before you start the engine, be struck when the tension in
make sure that the saw chain the wood fibers is released.
is not contacting anything. Note:
14. Keep the handles dry, clean,
9. Carry the chainsaw with the and free of oil or fuel mixture. When using a chainsaw for logging
engine stopped, the guide bar purposes, refer to the Code of
and saw chain to the rear, and 15. Operate the chainsaw only in Federal Regulations, Parts 1910
the muffler away from your well-ventilated areas. and 1928.
body.
16. Do not operate a chainsaw in a
tree unless you have been
specifically trained to do so.

17. All chainsaw service, other than


the items listed in the Owner’s
WARNING!
The engine exhaust from this product
contains chemicals known to the State
of California to cause cancer, birth
defects or other reproductive harm.

englisch/english U.S.A.

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