#7.1.

karnakisa da luqsoris taZrebi

axali samefos xanaSi Camoyalibda RvTaebebisadmi miZRvnili taZrebis

gansakiTrebuli tipi, romelSic dadgenili iyo rogorc saTavsebisa da nagebobebis
Tanmimdevroba, ise gaformebis mTeli sistema. nilosidan nagebobisaken
miemarTeboda sfinqsebiT flankirebuli grZeli gza, romliTac procesia taZris mTavar
fasads miadgeboda. taZarSi Sesasvlels warmoadgenda uzarmazari, trapeciis formis
kedeli _ piloni, romlis centrSi dabali Sesasvleli kari iyo gaWrili. gareTa kedelze maRali
anZebiT amagrebdnen droSebs. pilonis orive mxares faraonebis uzarmazari
qandakebebi da obeliskebi idga. pilonis ukan iSleboda svetebiT garSemortymuli Ria
ezo, romelsac erTi an ramdenime hipostiluri darbazi, Semdeg ki ufro mcire zomis
sxvadasxva daniSnulebis saTavsTa MmTeli wyeba da samsxverplo mohyveboda.
hipostilur darbazebs, rogorc wesi, hqondaT ufro maRali Sesasvleli, saidanac aRwevda
mzis Suqi da darbazi bunebrivad naTdeboda. mogvianebiT, darbazebis aseTi meTodiT
ganaTebam mniSvnelovani adgili daimkvidra axali samefos arqiteqturaSi.
procesiebis gza erT RerZze ganlagebul nagebobebze gadioda. aq mziT
gaCaxCaxebul Sida ezoebs hipostiluri darbazebis alag-alag sibneleSi CaZiruli sivrceebi
enacvleboda, ganaTeba siRrmeSi sul ufro iklebda da, bolos, samsxverplo srul
wyvdiadSi inTqmeboda. naTlisa da bnelis dapirispirebiT am uzarmazar kompleqsebSi
sikvdil-sicocxlis saidumloebani arqiteqturul formebSi gacxaddeboda.
am periodSi mTeli yuradReba adamianis RmerTTan miaxlebis mosamzadebel,
amqveyniur gzaze gadavida. amitomac gaizarda taZrebis zomebi, moimata saTavsTa
raodenobam. garda amisa, gaCnda sivrcis dakonkretebis amocana. hipostilur
darbazebSi sivrce Sevsebuli iyo uzarmazari, masiuri svetebiT, romlebsac egvipteSi
wminda mcenared Seracxuli papirusisa da lotosis forma hqondaT. Werze, lurj fonze
gamosaxuli, oqrosfrad mokiafe varskvlavebi ki xilul cas ganasaxierebdnen da yovelive
es, sivrceSi Suq-Crdilis TamaSTan erTad, realuri samyaros metad Tavisebur,
grandiozul, mistikur xats qmnida, sadac Zveli xanisgan gansxvavebiT, aqcenti swored
amqveyniur samyaroze keTdeboda.
nilosis dasavleT sanapiroze mdebare dedofal hatSefsutis taZrisagan sruliad
gansxvavebulia aRmosavleT sanapiroze, Tebes maxloblad amave xanis ori didi
kompleqsi _ karnaki da luqsori. orive ansambli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Sendeboda.
yoveli faraoni did pativad Tvlida Tavisi mmarTvelobis dros aego aq taZari.

1
 karnakis ansambli iyo RvTaeba amonis mTavari taZari da qveynis umaRlesi
wminda adgili. rogorc zemoT iTqva, yvela faraoni cdilobda gaefarTovebina da Seemko
taZari, romelic iqca egviptis istoriis matianed qvaSi imdenad, ramdenadac mis
kedlebze kveTdnen yvelaze mniSvnelovan istoriul movlenebs, brZolebsa da faraonTa
saxelebs. meores mxriv, karnaki gvevlineba egvipturi xelovnebis Sesaswavlad
mniSvnelovan wyarod imitom, rom mis Seqmnaze muSaobdnen saukeTeso ostatebi,
xolo mis darbazebSi idga uamravi qandakeba.
karnakis mSenebloba jer kidev Sua samfos xanaSi daiwyo. is sami
kompleqsisagan Sedgeba:Namonisadmi miZRvnili centraluri nawili; misi meuRlis,
mutisa da maTi Svilis xonsus kompleqsebi, romlebic erTmaneTTan sfinqsebis
xeivniTaa dakavSirebuli. vinaidan es kompleqsi sxvadasxva dinastiis warmomadgeneli
mravali faraonis mier, sxvadasxva dros Sendeboda, amitom raime winaswar
SemuSavebuli gegma karnakis kompleqss ar aqvs. varaudoben, rom amonis taZris
uZvelesi nawili Sua samefos xana ekuTvnoda, magram is Semonaxuli ar aris.
mSeneblobis pirveli etapi faraon tuTmos pirvelisa da misi xuroTmoZRvris _ inenis
saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram arc es nagebobebi SemogvrCa, radgan mis mier
agebuli hipostiluri darbazi ganadgurda Semdgomi mSeneblobebis dros, kerZod tuTmos
pirvelis qaliSvilis, dedofal hatSefsutis dros, romelmac xelSi Caigdo taxti tuTmos II-is
vaJiSvilis, tuTmos III-is mcirewlovnebis gamo. dedofal hatSefsutis dros samSeneblo
samuSaoebs awarmoebda xuroTmoZRvari senmuti. am dros Caeyara safuZveli
qalRmerT mutis kompleqsis mSeneblobas. tuTmos pirvelis taZris adgilas dedofalma ori
uzarmazari obeliski dadga, TviT amonis taZarSi centraluri RerZis perpendikularulad
CaaSena piloni, Ria ezo da sxv. magram arc dedofal hatSefsutis dros agebul Senobebs
eweraT didi xani. rogorc ki tuTmos III-m kanonierad daikava taxti, maSinve
gaanadgura da gadaakeTa Tavisi winamorbedis nagebi da TviTonve Seudga xangrZliv
aRmSeneblobas. man aago ori darbazi, romelTagan gamoirCeva e.w. "analebis
darbazi" oTxkuTxa burjebiT, romlebic zeda da qveda egviptis simboloebiT _ lotosisa da
papirusis stilizebuli heraldikuri gamosaxulebebiTaa Semkuli. garda amisa, tuTmos III-is
dros aigo uzarmazari piloni da nagebobebs galavani Semoevlo.
karnakis ansamblis mSeneblobis Semdegi etapi amenhotep III-is saxelTanaa
dakavSirebuli. cnobilia, rom mis dros aq ori xuroTmoZRvari muSaobda _ amenhotepi
da amenhotep hapus Ze. am ukanasknels miaweren xonsus taZris mSeneblobasa da
karnakis luqsorTan sfinqsebis xeivniT dakavSirebas.

2
 karnakis ansamblis saboloo saxe Camoyalibda Zv.w. XIII-XII ss-Si ramzes I-isa da
ramzes II-is dros. ukve arsebuli sami pilonis win faraonebma seTi I-ma da ramzes II-m
Zv.w. XII s-is dasawyisSi aages didi hipostiluri darbazi, romelic giganturi masStabebiTa
da uxvi dekoratiuli SemkulobiT gamoirCeva. svetebi imdenad axlosaa erTmaneTTan,
rom darbazSi erTiani sivrce ki ar iqmneba, aramed igi calkeul derefnebad iyofa.
svetebi mTlianad dafarulia feradi reliefebiTa da warwerebiT.
karnakis uzarmazari ansambli verZisTaviani sfinqsebis xeivniT SeeerTebulia
axali samefos xanis meore did kompleqsTan _ luqsorTan, romelic aseve saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi, sxvadasxva dros Sendeboda. taZris dagegmareba gamoirCeva
gansakuTrebuli sizustiT, nagebobebi ganlgebulni arian sruliad simetriulad. Senobis
siRrmeSi iyo sakulto nagebobebiT garSemortymuli samlocveloebi, romlebSic
RmerTebis qandakebebi idga. taZris win ganlagebuli iyo didi ezo portikebiT, romlebSic
gamoyenebulia gaSlili papirusis formis kapiteli.
luqsoris mniSvneloba axali samefos sataZro arqiteqturis ganviTarebisaTvis
udidesi iyo imdenad, ramdenadac swored masSi miiRo dasrulebuli saxe axali samefos
taZris tipma. misi ezos centralurma, qvis giganturi papirusis yvavilis formis
kolonadam, iseve rogorc didi raodenobiT kolonebis gamoyenebam, udavod iqonia
gavlena mogviano xanis TebeSi agebul hipostilur darbazebze. luqsoris Semdeg ukve
xSirad iyenebdnen portikebs, romlebic kolonadebis ori rigisagan Sedgeboda.
luqsoris ageba mniSvnelovan rgolad iqca TebeSi amenhotep III-is mSeneblobebs
Soris. qalaqis samxreT nawilSi, nilosis aRmosavleT sanapiroze luqsoris agebam da
amenhotep III-is sulis mosaxsenebeli taZris aSenebam dasavleT sanapiroze TiTqosda
gaawonaswora CrdiloeT TebeSi agebuli taZrebi, xolo nilosTan sfinqsebis xeivnebiT
SeerTebuli yvela taZari ufro metad uwyobda xels erTiani arqiteqturuli kompleqsis
Seqmnas.