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2.
d n
dx
x nxn1 n is a real number
Ex. f ( x) x7
f ( x) 7 x 6
f ( x) 3 8x7 24 x7
d d d
4. f x g x f ( x) g ( x)
dx dx dx
Ex. f ( x) 7 x12
f ( x) 0 12 x11 12 x11
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Product Rule
• The derivative of a product
of two functions is equal to
the first function times the
derivative of the second
function plus the second
function times the derivative
of the first function.
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
More Differentiation Rules
5. Product Rule
d d d
f x g x f ( x) g ( x) g ( x) f ( x)
dx dx dx
Ex. f ( x) x 2 x 5 3x 8x 1
3 7 2
f ( x) 3x2 2 3x7 8x2 1 x 3
2 x 5 21x 6
16 x
Derivative Derivative of
of the first the second
function function
d hi lo d hi hi d lo
dx lo lo lo
x
2
2
2
3x 2 10 x 6
x
2
2
2
h( x) g f ( x) f ( x)
h( x) n f ( x)
n1
f ( x)
12
Ex. f ( x) 3x 4 x 3 x 4 x
2 2
1 1 2
f ( x) 3x2 4 x 6x 4
2
3x 2
3x 2 4 x
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Chain Rule Example
7
Ex. G ( x) 2 x 1
3x 5
2 x 1 3x 5 2 2 x 1 3
6
G( x) 7
3 x 5 3x 5 2
91 2 x 1
6 6
2x 1 13
G( x) 7
3x 5 3x 5 2
3x 5 8
dy dy du
dx du dx
5 32
u 56 x7 6 x
2
Sub in for u
5
32
7 x 3x
8 2
56 x7 6 x
2
15 x 7 x 3x
32
140 x 7 8 2
C ( x)
the Average Cost Function is
C ( x)
C
x
the Marginal Average Cost Function is
C ( x)
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Revenue Functions
Given a revenue function, R(x),
the Marginal Revenue Function is
R( x)
Profit Functions
Given a profit function, P(x),
the Marginal Profit Function is
P( x)
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Elasticity of Demand
If f is a differentiable demand function defined by
x f ( p)
Then the elasticity of demand at price p is given by
pf p
E p
f p
Derivative Notations
d2y
Second f dx 2
d3y
Third f dx3
(4) d4y
Fourth f dx 4
n dny
nth f
dx n
f ( x) 15x 6 x
4 2
f ( x) 60 x 12 x
3
f ( x) 180 x2 12
2 3x 2 3 2 x 1 7 2
f ( x) 7 3x 2
3x 2 2
3x 2 2
3 42
f ( x) 14 3x 2 3
3x 2 3
42 42 21
f (2) 3
3(2) 2 3
4 32
y3 xy 3x 1
y is expressed implicitly as a function of x.
3 f ( x) f ( x) f ( x) xf ( x) 3
2
y 3 y 2 x 3 y Solve for y’
3 y
y
3y x
2
Distance = z
dx dy
y
60 35
dt dt
x 120 y 70 x From original
x2 y 2 z 2 relationship
dx dy dz
2x 2 y 2z
dt dt dt
2(120)(60) 2(70)(35) 2 10 193
dz
dz
dt
69.5 mi./hr.
dt
Copyright © 2006 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Increments
An increment in x represents a change from x1
to x2 and is defined by:
x x2 x1
Read “delta x”
dy f ( x)x f ( x)dx