14 Engine Testing and Rating Na PDF

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Engine testing and rating
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1 © 2017
2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2017160.
2018013.
Standardized gasoline tests
As part of current API SN / ILSAC GF-5 category
Manufacturer Sequence Lubricant Performance Attribute
Test Engineering Inc. Ball Rust Test Rust inhibition (replaced Sequence IID)
General Motors IIIF* Oxidation and wear control
General Motors IIIG Oxidation, deposits and wear control
General Motors IIIGA Low temperature oil thickening
Nissan IVA Cam lobe wear control
Ford VG Sludge and varnish deposit control
GM VID Fuel efficiency & retention
Cooperative
Lubricant Research VIII Copper/lead bearing corrosion protection
*Denotes that test is part of current API CJ-4 category
2 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Standardized diesel tests
Single cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

Manufacturer Engine Test Lubricant Performance Attribute
Caterpillar 1-N Diesel detergency, oil consumption control
Multi-cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

Manufacturer Engine Test Lubricant Performance Attribute
Mack T-11 Soot induced viscosity increase control
Mack T-11A Used oil low temperature pumpability
Mack T-12 Ring, liner, and bearing wear, oxidation control
Caterpillar C13 Piston deposits and oil consumption control
Cummins ISM Soot related wear control by sliding
contact, sludge, and oil filter plugging control
Cummins ISB Wear control by sliding contact
GM Powertrain RFWT (6.5L) Wear control by rolling contact
Navistar EOAT (HEUI) Engine oil aeration control
Ball rust test
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s ability to inhibit rust of internal engine parts in cyclic
cold and hot operation where significant water and acid buildup can occur

Ball rust test
Test Features
Equipment: Hydraulic lifter ball in 20 cc syringe with 10 cc
of test oil on shaker table
Acid solution: Acetic acid/HBr/HCl/deionized water
Acid addition: 0.19 ml/hr.
Air flow: 40 cc/minute
Temperature: 48 °C
Shaker speed: 300 RPM
Test length: 18 hours
Test Cost: ~$650
Ball rust test
•  Rated Parameter
–  Hydraulic Lifter Ball
•  Measured Item Affecting Validity

–  None

Key factors affecting ball rust test
•  Air flow rate

•  Acid addition rate
Sequence IIIF
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to oxidation and wear in high speed and
high temperature vehicle operation.

Sequence IIIF
Test Features
Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted
with sliding contact valve train
Fuel: Haltermann red (unleaded)
Test conditions: Steady rate high speed
Speed: 3600 RPM
Oil temp: 155°C
Coolant temp: 122°C
Load: 200 Nm
Analytical: Viscosity every 10 hrs
Reference requirement: Every 15 candidates
Engine parts: Critical parts serialized
Test cost: ~$47,000
Sequence IIIF
Rated Parameters
•  Oxidation:
–  Viscosity increase
•  Engine varnish:
–  Piston skirt varnish
•  Wear:
–  Average cam wear
•  Other:
–  Weighted piston deposits
–  Stuck rings
•  Measured Items Affecting Validity
–  Oil consumption

Key factors affecting sequence IIIF
•  Oil temperatures to engine

•  External oil system - maintains oil temperatures
•  Engine build
•  Operations
Sequence IIIG
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to oxidation, piston deposits and valve train
wear in high speed and high temperature vehicle operation.

Sequence IIIG
Test Features
Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted with sliding contact
valve train and phosphated cam shaft
Speed: 3600 RPM
Oil temp: 150°C
Load: 250 Nm
Analytical / Oil leveling: Viscosity sample and fresh oil add every 20 hrs
Test cost: ~$55,000
Sequence IIIG
Rated Parameters
•  Oxidation:
–  % Viscosity increase @ 40C
•  Engine Deposits:
–  Weighted Piston Deposits
•  Wear:
–  Average cam wear
•  Other:
–  Hot Stuck rings
•  Measured Items Affecting Interpretability

Key factors affecting sequence IIIG

•  Engine build
•  Operations
Sequence IIIGA
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s resistance to low temperature oil thickening in high
speed and high temperature vehicle operation.

Sequence IIIGA
Test Features
Engine/valve train: GM 3800 Series II V6, retrofitted with sliding
contact valve train and phosphated cam shaft
Speed: 3600 RPM
Oil temp: 150°C
Load: 250 Nm
Analytical / Oil leveling: Viscosity sample and fresh oil add every 20 hrs
Test cost: ~$54,000
Sequence IIIGA
Rated Parameter
•  Oil Thickening:
–  MRV Viscosity
Measured Items Affecting Interpretability

•  Oil consumption

Key factors affecting sequence IIIGA

•  Engine build
•  Operations
Sequence IVA
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent cam lobe wear in slider valve train
design engines operated at low temperature, short trip, ‘stop and go’
conditions.

Sequence IVA
Test Features
Engine: Nissan 2.4L inline 4-cylinder
Valve train: Slider valve train
Fuel: Haltermann green (unleaded)
Test conditions: Baseline/aging test/baseline
- Baseline
- Aging
- Test
RPM Oil Temp °C
Test sequence: 800 50°C
1500 60°C
Reference requirement: Every 10 tests
Engine parts: Batched
Test cost: ~$21,000
Sequence IVA
Rated Parameter
•  Average of seven positions cam wear
Measured Item Affecting Validity

•  Parts batch

Key factors affecting sequence IVA
•  Oil temperature
•  Coolant temperature
Sequence VG
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent excessive sludge and varnish
deposits in short trip/low temperature driving conditions.

Sequence VG
Test Features
Engine: Ford 4.6L SOHC V-8
Valve train: Roller lifter valve train
Fuel: Haltermann fuels
‘VG Mark 2’ (Clear)
Test conditions: 3 operating conditions every 4 hours
1. Medium speed/warm: 120 mins.
2. Medium speed/hot: 75 mins.
3. Low speed/cold: 45 mins.
Reference requirement: Every six months
Engine parts: Kit parts
Test cost: ~$53,000
Sequence VG
Rated Parameters
•  Engine sludge:
–  Rocker arm cover
–  Average Engine
•  Engine varnish:
–  Average Engine
–  Piston skirt
•  Other:
–  Ring Stick
–  Oil Screen clog
–  Blow-by

Key factors affecting sequence VG
•  Oil temperature
•  Coolant temperature
•  Fuel batch
•  Parts batch
•  Operations
Sequence VID
Objective
•  To measure the effects of automotive engine oils on the fuel economy of
passenger cars and light‐duty (3856 kg, 8500 pounds or less gross
vehicle weight) trucks relative to that of an SAE 20W-30 baseline oil.

Sequence VID
Test Features
Engine: 3.6L V-6 Ford
Valve train: Roller follower
Test conditions: Baseline/candidate test/baseline
- Baseline - BL oil 20W-30 measured twice at each of six test
conditions
- FEI 1 aging - 16 hours @ 2250 RPM and oil at 120oC;
FEI 2 aging – 84 hours @ 2250 RPM and oil at 120oC .
- 6 stages
RPM Oil Temp °C
2000 115
2000 65
1500 115
695 115
695 35
695 115
Test sequence: BL/candidate age/candidate test FEI 1/candidate
age/candidate test FEI 2/BL
Engine parts: Production engine
Test cost: ~$30,000
Sequence VID
Rated Parameters
•  FEI (Fuel Economy Improvement)
–  Initial
–  Retained
Measured Items Affecting Validity

•  Operation control parameters

Key factors affecting sequence VID
•  Engine condition
•  Oil flushing
•  Lab/engine severity
Sequence VIII
Objective
•  To evaluate the ability of an oil to minimize copper/lead bearing corrosion
and its resistance to permanent viscosity loss due to mechanical shear.

Sequence VIII
Test Features
Engine: Single cylinder Labeco research engine
Fuel: Haltermann green (unleaded)
Test conditions: Steady state high speed
Speed: 3150 RPM
Oil temp.: 290°F
Coolant temp.: 200°F
Fuel flow: 4.75 lb/hr.
Reference requirement: Every 12th test on engine stand
every 6 months
Engine parts: Specially produced research engine parts
Test cost: ~$14,000
Sequence VIII
Rated Parameters
Bearing weight loss
Strip viscosity (10 hours)

•  Test conditions

Key factors affecting sequence VIII
•  Engine preparation
–  Cleanliness
•  Bearing characteristics
Caterpillar 1K/1N
Objective
•  To evaluate the detergency characteristics, and oil consumption
properties of diesel crankcase lubricants in a high speed single cylinder
diesel engine. The deposits of main concern occur in the piston oil ring
groove and third land areas, and cause oil ring sticking and distress that
result in loss of engine oil control. The only difference between the two
tests is the level of Sulfur used in the fuel.

Caterpillar 1K/1N
Test Features
Engine: 1Y540 direct fuel injection
Fuel: 900 gallons
1K - Howell #2 diesel 0.4% Sulfur
1N - Howell LSRD 4 0.04% Sulfur
Test conditions: Steady state
Speed: 2100 RPM
Load: 52 BHP
Oil temp.: 225°F
Air pressure: 71 in. Hg
Air temp.: 260°F inlet
Engine parts: Caterpillar ‘test’ quality pistons, rings and liners
Test cost: ~$39,000
Caterpillar 1K/1N
Rated Parameters
•  Piston deposits:
–  Weighted demerits (WDK/WDN)
–  Top Groove Fill (TGF)
–  Top Land Heavy Carbon (TLHC)
•  Oil consumption:
–  Avg. Brake Specific Oil Consumption (BSOC)
•  Other:
–  Ring sticking
–  Piston, ring and liner distress
–  Blow-by rate
–  Operating test conditions

Key factors affecting caterpillar 1K/1N
•  Heat input
–  Fuel rate
•  Hot shutdowns
•  Piston cooling
•  Head build
Mack T-11
Objective
•  Developed to evaluate engine oil performance including viscosity
increase and soot concentration (loading) in turbocharged and
intercooled four-cycle diesel engines equipped with Exhaust Gas
Recirculation (EGR).

Mack T-11
Test Features
Engine: 6 cylinder in-line
Mack E-Tech V-MAC III
Turbocharged and aftercooled,
electronic fuel injection with 6 unit pumps
Fuel: 4250 gallons
@1800 rpm and variable timing to meet
soot limits
Oil: 9 gallons
Rated param.: Soot content (%) at 4cSt, 12cSt, and 15cSt
viscosity increase
Test cost: ~$89,000
Mack T-11A
Objective
•  Developed to evaluate soot handling performance, as measured by used
oil low temperature viscosity increase, of lubricating oils operating in
diesel engines equipped with cooled exhaust gas recirculation.
•  Normally run as part of the Mack T-11 test.

Mack T-11A
Test Features
Engine: 12 Liter 6 cylinder in-line
Mack E-Tech V Mac III
Turbocharged and after-cooled,
electronic fuel injection, six unit pumps
Fuel: ~3000 gallons, <500ppm Sulfur
- 180 hrs@1800 rpm and variable timing
to meet soot limits
Oil: 26 gallons (including flush)
Rated parameter: Used oil low temperature viscosity
Test cost: ~$63,000
Mack T-11A
Key Factors Affecting Test

•  Soot loading
•  EGR rate
•  Heat input

Mack T-12
Objective
•  To evaluate ring and liner wear, bearing corrosion protection, oil
consumption and oxidation control in a 2007 model year high-output
diesel engine with a variable geometry turbocharger and significantly
increased EGR rates over the Mack T-10.
Mack T-12
Test Features
Engine: 12 Liter 6 cylinder in-line
Mack E-Tech V Mac III
Turbocharged and after-cooled,
electronic fuel injection, six unit pumps
Fuel: 5800 gallons, <15ppm Sulfur
- 100 hrs@1800 rpm and retarded timing
- 200 hrs@1200 rpm and peak torque
Oil: 32 gallons (including flush)
Test cost: ~$140,000

Mack T-12
Rated Parameters
•  Engine wear:
–  Top Ring Weight Loss
–  Cylinder Liner Wear
–  End of Test Lead
–  Delta Lead 250-300 hours
–  Phase 2 Oil Consumption
•  Other:
–  Mack Rating Merits
•  Key Factors Affecting Test
–  EGR rate
–  Operating test conditions
Caterpillar C13
Objective
•  To evaluate the ability of an engine oil to protect against ring sticking, loss
of oil consumption control and piston deposits in high speed diesel
engines with forged steel pistons.

Caterpillar C13
Test Features
Engine: 12.5 Liter, in-line 6 cyl, ACERT
twin turbochargers, after-cooled,
with variable inlet valve timing
Fuel: 12,000 gallons, <15ppm Sulfur
- Steady state, 1800 RPM, 411 HP
Oil: 32 gallons
Test cost: ~$190,000
Caterpillar C13
Rated Parameters
•  Piston deposits:
–  Top Land Carbon (TLC)
–  Top Groove Carbon (TGC)
–  2nd Ring Top Carbon (R2TCA)
–  Avg. of 100-150 vs 450-500 hours
•  Other:
–  Stuck Rings
–  Caterpillar Rating Merits

Cummins ISM
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent soot related overhead wear, sludge
and oil filter plugging when it is subjected to high levels of soot and
exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
Cummins ISM
Test Features
Engine: 11 Liter, in-line 6 cylinder, cooled EGR,
Electronic controlled unit-injectors,
variable geometry turbocharger
Test length: 200 hours (cycling between Stage A and B)
50 hours each stage (both steady state)
Stage A conditions - loads the oil with soot
Stage B conditions - promotes valve train wear
(crossheads and injector screw wear)
Oil: 31 gallons
Test Cost: ~$111,000

Cummins ISM
Rated Parameters
•  Engine Wear:
–  Average Valve Adjusting Screw Weight Loss
–  Average Crosshead Weight Loss
•  Engine Cleanliness:
–  Average Engine Sludge
•  Filter Plugging:
–  Oil Filter Delta Pressure at 150 hours
•  Other:
–  Cummins Rating Merits
–  Injection timing (to maintain rate of soot production)
–  Piston cooling
Cummins ISB
Objective
•  To evaluate an oil’s ability to prevent cam lobe and sliding valve train wear
when it is subjected to high levels of soot and exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR).

Cummins ISB
Test Features
Engine: 5.9 Liter, 6 cylinder in-line, common rail fuel
system, EGR
variable geometry turbocharger
- 100 hours@1600 rpm and retarded timing
- 250 hours cycling from idle to rated load and speed
to peak torque
Oil: 15 gallons
Test Cost: $~86,000
Cummins ISB
Rated Parameters
•  Valve Train Wear:
–  Average Tappet Weight Loss
–  Average Cam Lobe Wear
–  Average Crosshead Weight Loss (Rate & Report Only)

–  Injection timing to maintain rate of soot production

6.5L wear (roller-follower wear test)
Objective
•  To evaluate the soot-induced wear of the roller-follower pin in a General
Motors 6.5 liter engine.
General Motors
Powertrain 6.5L wear (RFWT)
Test Features
Engine: 1991 6.5L pre-chamber diesel
Fuel: 140 gallons (low sulfur reference diesel)
Test conditions: Steady state
1000 RPM
43 BHP
245°F oil
inlet air
Engine parts: Serialized special test parts
Test cost: ~$12,000

General Motors
Powertrain 6.5L wear (RFWT)
Rated Parameters
•  Wear:
–  Wear of roller lifter pin axles

•  Operating test conditions
Navistar engine oil aeration test
Objective
•  To evaluate an engine oil’s resistance to aeration.

Test Features
Engine: Navistar 444 cubic inch
Direct injection turbocharged DIT
HEUI (Hydraulically Actuated
Electronically Controlled Unit Injectors)
Fuel: LSRD 4, 300 gallons
Test conditions: Rated power 210 at 3000 RPM
Reference requirement: Every 30 tests
Test cost: ~$8,000
Rated Parameters
•  Amount of air entrained in the oil:
–  8.0% max. allowed

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Performance you can rely on.

Engine testing and rating

Performance you can rely on.

Standardized gasoline tests

As part of current API SN / ILSAC GF-5 category

Manufacturer Sequence Lubricant Performance Attribute

*Denotes that test is part of current API CJ-4 category

2 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Standardized diesel tests

Single cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

Multi-cylinder diesel tests of API CJ-4 Category

3 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

Ball rust test

4 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Ball rust test

5 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

Ball rust test

• Measured Item Affecting Validity

6 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Key factors affecting ball rust test

• Air flow rate

7 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

8 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

9 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

10 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Key factors affecting sequence IIIF

• Oil temperatures to engine

11 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

12 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

13 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

14 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Key factors affecting sequence IIIG

• Oil temperatures to engine

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Performance you can rely on.

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17 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

Measured Items Affecting Interpretability

18 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Key factors affecting sequence IIIGA

• Oil temperatures to engine

19 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

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21 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Performance you can rely on.

Measured Item Affecting Validity

22 © 2018 Infineum International Limited. All Rights Reserved. 2018013.

Key factors affecting sequence IVA

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Performance you can rely on.

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Performance you can rely on.

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Key factors affecting sequence VG

•  Measured Item Affecting Validity

•  Air flow rate

•  Oil temperatures to engine

•  Oil temperatures to engine

•  Oil temperatures to engine

•  Key Factors Affecting Test