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1. _hmamï´>mVrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrV Ho$irMo hoŠQ>ar 110-120 Q>Z Ano{jV CËnmXZmgmR>r d O{_ZrMo Amamo½`
{Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r 10 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar _mÌo~amo~a CËnmXZ C{Ôï> g{_H$aUmZwgma ZÌ, ñ\w$aX Am{U nmcme
IV_mÌm§Mr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
eoUIVmgmo~V Ano{jV CËnmXZ g{_H$aU
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho. =
(10.02 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho)-(1.34 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho)-(1.76 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho.=
(2.09 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho)-(2.97 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho.)-(1.47 eoUIV Q>Z/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmcme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho.=
(7.52 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho)-(0.49 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmcme, {H$/ho.)-(1.28 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
eoUIV {dahrV Ano{jV CËnmXZ g{_H$aU
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho =
(16.97 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z / ho ) - ( 2.27 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho)
(2.91 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)-(4.14 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho.=
(13.97 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)-(0.91 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmcme,{H$/ho.)
2. _hmamï´>mVrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrV Iarn _H$m hoŠQ>ar 60-70 q¹$Q>c Ano{jV YmÝ` CËnmXZmgmR>r 10 Q>Z
eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar _mÌo~amo~a CËnmXZ C{Ôï> g{_H$aUmZwgma ZÌ, ñ\w$aX Am{U nmcme IV _mÌoMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho.=
(3.88 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho.)-(0.56 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)-(3.19 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
(1.91 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, {¹$/ho.)-(0.99 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho.)-(1.46 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmcme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/h|.=
(2.09 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho.)-(0.13 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmcme, {H$/ho.)-(1.08 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/h|.=
(4.51 Anoo{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho.)-(0.65 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)
(1.93 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho.) - (1.05 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmcme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho=
(2.57 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$ / ho.)- (0.16 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmbme, {H$/ho.)
3. _hmamï´>mVrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrV P|Sy> \w$cm§Mo hoŠQ>ar 120 - 140 q¹$Q>c Ano{jV CËnmXZgmR>r 10 Q>Z eoUIV
2 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

à{V hoŠQ>ar _mÌo~amo~a CËnmXZ C{ÔîQ>ç g{_H$aUmZwgma ZÌ, ñ\w$aX Am{U nmcme IV_mÌm§Mr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho.=
V§ÌkmZ {e’$maer
(1.79 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho)-(0.54 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)-(1.87 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
(0.90 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho)-(2.26 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho.)-(3.77 eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`moM nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> ({H$/ho) =
(1.08 Ano{jV CËnmXZ,q¹$/ho)-(0.15 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmbme, {H$/ho.)-(1.89 eoUIV Q>Z/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho. =
(2.61 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho)-(0.78 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> ({H$/ho.) =
(1.06 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho) - (2.66 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/h|.)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho. =
(1.41 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, q¹$/ho)-(0.20 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmcme, {H$/ho)
4. _hmamï´>mÀ`m Cn-nd©Vr` {d^mJmV ZmMUrÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>a 5 Q>Z eoUIV, ZÌ
60 {H$cmo, ñ\w$aX 30 {H$cmo Am{U nmcme 30 {H$cmo `m IV_mÌogmo~V OrdmUw g§dY©ZmMr {~Oà{H«$`m (à{V {H$cmo
{~`mÊ`mg àËòH$s 25 J«°_ APmopñn[ac_ ~«m{gc|g Am{U Añna{Ocg Adm_moar) dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
5. _hmamï´>mVrc Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm, A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$
\$m`ÚmgmR>r H$moaS>dmhÿ Vya {nH$mg 25 {H$cmo ñ\w$aX 1 Q>Z Hw$O{dcoë`m àog_S> _YwZ EH$ _{hZm noaUrnydu Am{U 25 J«°_
am`Pmo{~`_ d ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy àËòH$s 1 {H$cmo {~`mÊ`mg {~Oà{H«$`m H$éZ hoŠQ>ar 25 {H$cmo ñ\w$aX d 25
{H$cmo ZÌ amgm`{ZH$ IVm_YwZ noaUrÀ`mdoir XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
6. _hmamï´>mVrc _¡XmZr àXoemVrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r OyZÀ`m
n{hë`m n§YadmS>çmV noaUr Ho$coë`m gmo`m~rZ {nH$mH$[aVm 5 Q>Z eoUIVm~amo~a 50:75:45 {H$cmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX:nmcme
à{V hoŠQ>ar `m gwYm[aV IV_mÌoMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
7. npíM_ _hmamîQ´> {d^mJmV Iarn ~mJm`Vr gw`©\w$bmnmgwZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r
{e\$maerV CËnmXZ V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. VWm{n, CnbãY gmYZgm_wJ«rMr H$_VaVm Agë`mg
g§nwU© CËnmXZ V§ÌkmZmn¡H$s {e\$maerV IV _mÌm XoUo, {daiUr Am{U IwanUr H$aUo d nrH$ g§ajU `m KQ>H$m§Mr {e\$mag
Ho$br Amho.
8. Adf©U àdU {d^mJmV (nO©Ý` JQ> H«$. 3 d 4) C{eam nmD$g gwé Pmë`mg, Imcrc à_mUo gwY[aV AmnËH$mcrZ nrH$
ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
nmdgmMo AmJ_Z noaUr H$amd`mMr {nHo$

Owc¡ Mm n{hcm n§YadmS>m Mmè`mgmR>r _H$m (A{\«$H$Z Q>m°c), H$mnyg (OoEcE 794), Vya ({dnwcm), ^wB©_yJ (OoEc 501),
gmo`m~rZ (OoEc 335)
Owc¡ Mm Xþgam n§YadmS>m Mmè`mgmR>r _H$m (A{\«$H$Z Q>m°c), Vya ({dnwcm) d Ea§S>r (AéUm)
Am°Jï>Mm n{hcm n§YadmS>m Vya ({dnycm) Ea§S>r (AéUm)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 3

9. _hmamï´>mVrc Adf©U àdU joÌm_Yrc _Ü`_ Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrVyZ hiXrMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, {Z{dï>m§Mr ~MV Am{U
dmna j_VoV dmT> VgoM Am[W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r 25 Q>Z eoUIV d 2 Q>Z qZ~moir n|S> hiX cmJdS>r AJmoXa O{_ZrV
{_giyZ JmXr dmâ`mda(90 g|._r.) {R>~H$ qgMZmImcr ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZmÀ`m 70 Q>¸o$ nmUr {XdgmAmS> XodyZ {e\$maerV
IVmÀ`m {dÐmì` ñdénmVrc 75 Q>¸o$ _mÌm (150:75:75 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX Am{U nmcme {H$.à{V hoŠQ>a) gmo~V {Xcoë`m
VŠË`mZwgma XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
A.Z§. {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rMr AdñWm H$mcmdYr IVm§Mr JaO (%) IVm§Mr _mÌm ({H$/ho.)
(AmR>dS>o) ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmcme ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmcme
1 cmJdS> Vo CJdUr 2 10 20 10 15 15 7.5
2 emIr` dmT>rMr AdñWm 10 50 30 20 75 22.5 15
3 H§$X V`ma hmoÊ`mMr AdñWm 12 25 30 30 37.5 22.5 22.5
4 H§$X n¹$ hmoÊ`mMr AdñWm 6 15 20 40 22.5 15 30
EHy$U IVo 150 75 75
10. _hmamï´>mVrc Imoc H$mù`m O{_ZrV ~mJm`Vr ~rQ>r H$nmer nmgyZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ, Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm, nmÊ`mMr ~MV, nmZo
cmc hmoÊ`mMo à_mU H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r d O{_ZrMo Amamo½` Mm§Jbo amhÊ`mgmR>r ~rQ>r H$nmerMr cmJdS> {R>~H$
qgMZmImcr H$éZ ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZmÀ`m 100% nmUr {XdgmAmS> Am{U {e\$maerV ZÌ IVmMr _mÌm 125 {H$. à{V
ho.) Imcrc VŠË`mà_mUo ghm hßË`m§_Üò PmS>m^modVr XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
hám H«$ _m§H$ ZÌ IV XoÊ`mMm AmR>dS>m ZÌ IV _mÌm ZÌ IVmMr _mÌm ({H$/ho.)
1 n{hcm AmR>dS>m 20% cmJdS>r ~amo~a 25
2 Mm¡Wm AmR>dS>m 16% cmJdS>rZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr 20
3 ghmdm AmR>dS>m 16% cmJdS>rZ§Va 45 {Xdgm§Zr 20
4 AmR>dm AmR>dS>m 16% cmJdS>rZ§Va 60 {Xdg§mZr 20
5 Xhmdm AmR>dS>m 16% cmJdS>rZ§Va 75 {Xdgm§Zr 20
6 ~mamdm AmR>dS>m 16% cmJdS>rZ§Va 90 {Xdgm§Zr 20
ñ\w$aX (62.5 {H$/ho.) d nmcme (62.5 {H$/ho.) {e\$maer à_mUo
11. _hmamï´>mVrc _Ü`_ Imoc O{_ZrV Iarn _Š`mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, {Z{dð>m dmna j_Vm d Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm \$m`Xoera CËnÞ
{_i{dÊ`mgmR>r _Š`mMr cmJdS> {R>~H$ qgMZmImcr H$éZ {e\$maerV IVmÀ`m 80 % (96:48:32 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX,
nmcme {H$/ho.) {dÐmì` ñdénmVrc IVo Imcrc à_mUo 12 AmR>dS>çmÀ`m hßË`mVwZ XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
VŠVm : {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ _H$m {nH$mg 12 hßË`mVwZ AÞÐìò XoÊ`mMo à_mU
cmJdS>r Z§VaMm H$mcmdYr ZÌmMo à_mU ñ\w$aXMo à_mU nmcmeMo à_mU
(AmR>dS>o) Q>¸o$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>¸o$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>¸o$ {H$.à{V ho.
1-3 AmR>dS>o 30 29 25 12 25 8
4-6 AmR>dS>o 40 38 35 17 40 13
7-9 AmR>dS>o 20 19 20 10 20 6
10-12 AmR>dS>o 10 10 20 9 15 5
EHw$U 100 96 100 48 100 32
4 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

12. _hmamï´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJV noa^ma eoVr_Üò à^mdr VU{Z`§ÌU d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r noaUrZ§Va XmoZ Vo VrZ
{Xdgm§V 640 {_.br. Am°ŠPr\$ë`wamo\o$Z 23.5 B©.gr. (0.150 [H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$) àVr hoŠQ>a Am{U noaUrZ§Va 25
{Xdgm§Zr _oQ>°gë\$`wam°Z {_WmB©b 10 Q>ŠHo$ + Šbmoarå`wam°Z BWmB©b 10 Q>ŠHo$ `mMo 20 J«°_ {dÐmì` V`ma {_lU (0.004
[H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$) àVr hoŠQ>a 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
13. _hmamï´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJV bmJdS> nÕVrÀ`m ^mV eoVr_Üò à^mdr VU {Z`§ÌU d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r
nwZ©bmJdS>rZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr _oQ>°gën`wam°Z {_WmB©b 10 Q>ŠHo$ + Šbmoarå`wam°Z BWmB©b 10 Q>ŠHo$ `mMo 20 J«°_
{dÐmì` V`ma {_lU (0.004 [H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$ ) àVr hoŠQ>a 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaÊ`mMr Am{U 45
{Xdgm§Z§Va EH$ IwanUr H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
14 gmo`m~rZ (Iarn) - H$m§Xm (aã~r) `m nrH$ nÕVr_Üò g§o{Ð` eoVmgmR>r ZÌ d ñ\w$aX`wŠV {OdmUy IVm§Mr {~Oà{H«$`m
H$ê$Z gmo`m~rZgmR>r 50 [H$bmo Am{U H$m§Xm {nH$mg 100 [H$bmo ZÌmMr _mÌm àËòH$s 1/3 ZÌ AZÐì` AmYmarV
à_mUmZwgma eoUIV, Jm§Sy>iIV Am{U qZ~moir n|§S> `m g§o{Ð` IVmìXmao XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
g§o{Ð` IVm§Mr _mÌm gmo`m~rZ (noaUrdoir) H$m§Xm (bmJdS>rdoir)

eoUIV 2500 5000
Jm§Sw>iIV 1000 2000
qZ~moir n§oS> 400 800
am`Pmo{~`_ 250 J«°_ à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mUo --
ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao {OdmUy 250 J«°_ à{V 10 {H bmo {~`mUo 4 [H$bmo 25 [H$bmo eoUIVmgmo~V
A°PoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a -- 4 [H$bmo 25 [H$bmo eoUIVmgmo~V
15. EH$ hoŠQ>a ~mJm`Vr joÌmVrb Aën^wYmaH$ eoVH$è`m§Mo Am[W©H$ ñW¡`m©gmR>r {nH$nÕVrH$arVm 72 Q>ŠHo$, \$bmoËnmXZmgmR>r
20 Q>ŠHo$, eoS>ZoQ>H$[aVm 3.6 Q>ŠHo$ Am{U newnmbZmgmR>r 4.4 Q>ŠHo$ `m à_mUo KQ>H$ {Zhm` eoVr nÕVr àmê$n dmnaÊ`mMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
joÌ (ho ) joÌ (Q>ŠHo$ ) h§Jm_
Iarn aã~r CÝhmir
nrH$nÕVr ( 72 %)
0.30 30 gmo`m~rZ Jhÿ {haì`m nmbo^mÁ`m
0.20 20 _H$m H$m§Xm _wJ
0.10 10 ~mOar haâm Mdir
0.10 10 bgwZ Kmg bgwZ Kmg bgwZ Kmg
0.02 2 g§H$arV Zo{nAa g§H$arV Zo{nAa g§H$arV Zo{nAa
\$bmoËnmXZ (23.6 %)
0.20 20 Am§~m \$i~mJ … 40 PmS>o ( 5 _r 5 _r)
0.036 3.6 g§ajrV eoVr … àW_ Am{U V¥Vr` df© - Q>mo_°Q>mo- H$mH$S>r
{ÛVr` Am{U MVwW© df© - T>mo~ir - {_aMr - H$mH$S>r
newnmbZ ( 4.4 %)
0.044 4.4 _wŠV JmoR>m nÕV - g§H$arV JmB© 2, Jm§Sw>iIV {Z{_©Vr Am{U Hw$ŠH$Q>nmbZmgmR>r amoS>
Am`©bÝS> aoS> 100 njr nmM hßË`mV ( 500 njr àVr df© )
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 5

16. _hmamîQ´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb Aën^wYmaH$ eoVH$-`m§Mr Am{W©H$ CÞVr gmYÊ`mgmR>r, EH$ hoŠQ>a H$moaS>dmhþ
joÌmVrb EH$mË_rH$ eoVr_Üò {nH$mgmR>r 50 % \$i~mJogmR>r, newnmbZmgmR>r 5 %Amm{U eoVrgmR>r 5 % `m à_mUmV
EH$mpË_H$ eoVr nÕVr àmê$nmMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho. `m àmê$nmV {nH$mnmgwZ 11 Q>ŠHo$ \$bmoËnmXZmnmgwZ 10 Q>ŠHo$
Am{U newnmbZmnmgwZ 79 Q>ŠHo$ {Zìdi \$m`Xm {_iVmo Ë`mMm Vnerb nwT>rb à_mUo.
joÌ (ho) jo (Q>ŠHo$) h§Jm_
Iarn aã~r CÝhmir
nrH$nÕVr (50 %$)
0.30 30 Mdir Ádmar nS> O_rZ
0.10 10 _H$m Mmam Ádmar Mmam nS> O_rZ
0.10 10 nS> O_rZ haâm nS> O_rZ
\$bmoËnmXZ (40 %$)
0.40 40 H$moaS>dmhÿ \$i~mJ _Üò Am§VanrH$ (~mOar + Vwa 2 … 1)
newnmbZ 5 %$
0.05 5 Xþ½Y ì`dgm` - 1 åh¡g n§T>anwar,nag H$m|~S>r nmbZ - 30 njr nmM Q>ßß`mV àVr dfu
({JaramO),eoir nmbZ - 10 eoir + 1 Za (Cñ_mZm~mXr),
eoVVio 5 %$
0.05 5 AmH$ma 15 15 3 _rQ>a
17. _hmamîQ´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJmV _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV eoVrVyZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ d \$m`ÚmgmR>r OyZ_Üò gmo`m~rZ
qH$dm ^wB©_wJmMr OmoS> Amoi nÕVrZo 30- 60 10 g|_r A§Vamda noaUr H$ê$Z OmoS> AmoirV V§~mIw `m gmIir
{nH$mMr 9090 g|_r A§Vamda Am°JñQ>_Üò bmJdS> H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
CÚmZ{dÚm
18. noê$À`m KZbmJdS> nÕVr_Üò (22 _r.Am{U 32 _r.), n{hë`m gmS>oVrZ dfm©Z§Va, PmS>m§À`m `mo½`dmT>rgmR>r
Am{U A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r, _o _{hÝ`mÀ`m Xþg-`m n§YadmS>`mV PmS>m§À`m _mJrb XmoZ h§Jm_ dmT>rÀ`m {R>H$mUr
nwZ©N>mQ>UrMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
19. Iarn H$m§Xm dmUm§Mr {~OmoËnmXZ j_Vm n[aUm_H$maH$ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, qMJir V§ÌkmZmìXmao CËnmXrV H$ê$Z AS>rM
_{hZo gmR>dU Ho$boë`m H$m§Xm JmoQ>mMr 15 Zm|ìh|§~abm bmJdS> H$ê$Z, 60 {Xdgm§Zr g§{Ð` nXmWm©Mo (CgmMo nmMQ>
0.5 {H$J«°/_r2) AmÀN>mXZ H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
new d _Ëñ` {dkmZ {d^mJ
20. \w$bo {ÌdoUr JmB©À`m n{hë`m {dVmVrb AmR>dS>m{Zhm` MmMUr {XdgmMo XþY CËnmXZ {ZpíMVrgmR>r {_Šg bm°J àmê$nmMm
(Yt=12.72+(-2.49)X t1/2+2.59 log t + e ) dmna H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
t
_wb^wV emñÌo, AÞemñÌo Am{U V§ÌkmZ

21. CgmÀ`m Mm~yH$ H$mUr amoJà{VH$maH$ dmUm§Mr OcX O¡dV§ÌkmZmMr MmMUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r VrZ {dH$a ({\${ZcAë`m{ZZ
A_mo{Z`m cmòO, H$m`{Q>ZoZ Am{U {~Q>m 1,3-½cyŠ`mZoO) VgoM EZ².Ho$.Eg.11 `m {MÝhmqH$V OZwH$mMm dmna H$aÊ`Mr
{e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
22. Pm§Wm_moZmg Am°pŠPbmonmo{S>g nrìhr ß`w{ZH$s_wio S>mqi~mda hmoUmè`m Voë`m amoJmMo {ZXmZ bdH$a d AMwH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
ñH$ma - P°n àm`_aMm 152 ~r.nr À`m àd{Y©V hmoUm-`m VwH$S>`mÀmm dmna H$amdm, Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
23. gmo`m~rZ {nH$mdarb Vm§~oam amoJ à{VH$maH$ dmU {ZdS>rgmR>r EH$m_oH$mg nwaH$ à{VH$maH$ OZwH$m§H$arVm g°Q> 191 - 222
~r.nr. (Ama nr.nr. 1 ~) d g°Q> 215 - 123 ~r.nr. (Ama nr.nr. 2) `m aoUdr` {MÝhm§Mm EH$ÌrV dmna H$amdm Aer
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
24. nmZmVrb nmÊ`mMo à_mU, h[aVÐì`mMo à_mU, nmZmVrb Vmn_mZmMm \$aH$, àH$me g§íbofU, ~mînmoËgO©Z, nU©a§Y«mVrc
dhZ, H$mT>Ur {ZX}em§H$ Am{U _wim§Mo JwUY_© `m dZñnVr eara{H«$`m {ZH$fm§da aã~r ÁdmarMm Ama.Eg. ìhr. 1098 hm
6 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

dmU Adf©U à{VH$maj_ hmVmo åhUwZ nrH$ gwYmaUm H$m`©H«$_m_Üò dmnaÊ`mgmR>r {e\$ag Ho$br Amho.
25. S>mqi~mÀ`m ^Jdm dmUmMr \$io gm_mÝ` Vmn_mZmV (23.3±40 go ; 55.61±4% gmnoj AmÐ©Vm) 12 {Xdg, ewÝ`
CO}da AmYmarV erVH$jm_Üò (17.45±30go ; 87.75±4% gmnoj AmÐ©Vm) 32 {Xdg Am{U erVJ¥hm_Üòo (80 go
92.5±2.5% gmnoj AmÐ©Vm) 52 {Xdgm§n`ªV {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r \$im§Zm 20 Q>ŠHo$ Eg.EM. - 03 bmI`wŠV _oUmÀ`m
AmdaUmMr nwd© à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
26. noê$Mr ~\$s© V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbr Z_wX Ho$boë`m nÕVrMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
A) gm_mÝ` Cn`moJmgmR>r
noê$Mm Ja 1 {H$bmo, 550 J«°_ gmIa,50 J«°_ ~ogZ nrR>, 50 J«°_ JmB©Mo Vwn, 50 J«°_ XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r, 5 J«°_ {_R>, 2 J«°_
gm`Q´>rH$ Amåb Am{U 1 Q>ŠH$m noŠQ>rZ ho {_lU EHw$U {dÐmì` KQ>H$ 820 {~«Šg òB©n`ªV CîUVm XoÊ`mMr à{H«$`m H$amdr.
~) CndmgmgmR>r
noê$Mm Ja 1 {H$bmo, 550 J«°_ gmIa,50 J«°_ qeJmS>m nrR>, 50 J«°_ JmB©Mo Vwn, 50 J«°_ XþYmMr ^wH$Q>r, 5 J«°_ {_R>, 2 J«°_
gm`Q´>rH$ Amåb Am{U 1 Q>ŠH$m noŠQ>rZ ho {_lU EHw$U {dÐmì` KQ>H$ 820 {~«Šg òB©n`ªV CîUVm XoÊ`mMr à{H«$`m H$amdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
27. CgmÀ`m XO}Xma ~oÊ`mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U 25 % ZÌ Am{U 25% ñ\w$aX `m AÞÐì`m§À`m
~MVrgmR>r Imbrb à_mUo O¡{dH$ IV dmnamMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
 ~oUo_im bmdS>rnwdu CgmMo ~oUo hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo AgoQ>mo~ŠQ>a + 1.25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdmUw 100 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV 30 {_{ZQ>o ~wS> dmdo AWdm _mJrb dfu AgoQ>mo~°ŠQ>aMr ~oUoà{H«$`m H$ê$Z bmJdS>
Ho$boë`m CgmMo ~oUo dmnamdo.
 `m ~oUo_i`mg hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV 450 {H$bmo ZÌ 172 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme `m AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna
H$amdm.
28. gwê$ D$gmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r VgoM 50% ZÌ Am{U 25% ñ\w$aX `m
AÞÐì`m§À`m ~MVrgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo O¡{dH$ IV dmnamMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
 bmJdS>rnwdu CgmMo ~oUo hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo AgoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a AWdm 1 {bQ>a Ðdê$n AgoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a +1.25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX
{daKiUmao OrdmUy 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV 30 {_{ZQ>o ~wS>dmdo qH$dm
 bmJdS>rnwdu ~oUoà{H«$`m Ho$br Zgob Va bmJdS>rZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§Zr hoŠQ>ar 1 {bQ>a Ðdê$n AgoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a OrdmUwMr 500
{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ gH$miÀ`m doiog \$dmaUr H$amdr Am{U 1.25 ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy 100 {H$bmo H§$nmoñQ>
IVmV {_giyZ gar_YwZ Úmdo.
 `m DgmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 125 {H$bmo ZÌ, 86 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme `m AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna
H$amdm.
29. Ðmjmdarb Ho$dS>m, ^war d H$anm amoJmMo à^mdr ì`dñWmnZ d A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r ~mJm§Mr \$iN>mQ>Ur gßQ>|~aÀ`m
Xþgè`m n§YadmS>m d Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m n{hë`m n§YadmS>`mV H$amdr Aer {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV `VoV Amho.
30. H$nmerdarb ag emofUm-`m {H$S>r§À`m (_mdm, VwS>VwS>o, \w$b{H$S>o d nm§T>ar_mer) {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ~wàmo\o${OZ 25% Eg.gr.
20 {_br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ Am{W©H$ ZwH$gma nmVir Zwgma 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo XmoZ Vo VrZ \$dmaÊ`m
H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
31. {~Ja - ~rQ>r H$nmerdarb ag emofUm-`m {H$S>r d ~m|S>Ai`m§À`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r g§`wŠV {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr
(Šbmoamonmàr\$m°g 50% + gm`na_o{W«Z 5 % ) qH$dm (gm`na_o{W«Z 3 % + pŠdZm°b\$m°g 20 % B©gr ) 20 {_br
à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m à_mUV {_giwZ {H$S>rÀ`m Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ nmVirZwgma n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo VrZ \$dmaÊ`m
32. dm§½`darb e§oS>o d \$i nmoIaUm-`m AirÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r g§`wŠËm {H$Q>H$ZeH$ S>oëQ>m_oW«rZ 1% + Q´>m`Pmo\$m°g 35
%B©.gr.20 {_.br. à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m à_mUV \w$bo bmJUrZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo JaOoZwgma \$dmaÊ`m
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 7

H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s
33. nmdgmÀ`m dmhUm-`m nmÊ`mMo (AnYmd ) AmH$ma_mZ d Vrd«Vm AZw_mZrV H$aÊ`mgmR>r _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo
{dH$grV Ho$boë`m \w$bo aZAm°\$ BñQ>r_oQ>a `m g§JUH$s` àUmbrMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
34. Zm{eH$ {Oëh`mVrb VmbwH$m{Zhm` ^yn¥îR>r` {ZMam àUmbrMo AmaoIZ H$aÊ`mH$arVm _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo
{dH$grV Ho$boë`m {ZMam JwU§H$mMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.`mbm n`m©` åhUyZ ^m¡JmobrH$ _m{hVr àUmbr (
Ámr.Am`.Eg.) _Üò {dH$grV Ho$bobo ZH$meo dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
35. gmVmam {Oëh`mVrb VmbwH$m{Zhm` ^wn¥îR>r` {ZMam - àUmbrMo AmaoIZ H$aÊ`mH$arVm _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo
{dH$grV Ho$boë`m {ZMam JwUm§H$mMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho. `mbm n`m©` åhUwZ ^m¡Jmo{bH$ _m{hVr
àUmbr ( Ámr.Am`.Eg.) _Üò {dH$grV Ho$bobo ZH$meo dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
36. {d{dY {nH$m§À`m AnojrV CËnmXZ d CËnÞ `mda AmYmarV H$m`©j_ nmUr ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r {ZU©` KoÊ`mgmR>r _hmË_m
\w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrRmZo {dH$grV Ho$bobr "\w$bo S>r.Eg.Eg.- Am`.S>ãbw.E_.' g§JUH$ àUmbr dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br
Amho.
37. _Yw_H$m {nH$mMr nmÊ`mMr JaO {Z{MV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb VŠË`mV Z_wX Ho$boë`m "" nrH$ JwUm§H$mMm"" dmna H$aÊ`mMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
noaUrZ§VaMm AmR>dS>m nrH$ JwUm§H$

1 0.61
2 0.58
3 0.63
4 0.71
5 0.80
6 0.87
7 0.91
8 0.91
9 0.89
10 0.83
11 0.77
12 0.70
13 0.63
14 0.60
15 0.59
darb V³Ë¶mbm n¶m¶ åhUwZ Imbrb gwÌmMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.

5 4 3 2 1
nrH$ JwUm§H$ = - 8.523 Q> +31.21 Q> -38.39 Q> +17.82 Q> -2.147 Q> -2.147 Q> + 0.659
R R R R R R
8 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

38. eoS>ZoQ> J¥hm_Üò H$m§ÚmÀ`m A{Z`_rV nrH$ dmT>r_yio CËnÞmda {dn[aV n[aUm_ hmoV Agë`mZo eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV H$m§Xm bmJdS>
Z H$aÊ`m~Xb {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
39. Hy$nZ{bHo$À`m nwZ©âUmgmR>r A{YH$ JmiU H$m`©j_Vm {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo Mma Wam§À`m JmiU `§ÌUoMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
Mma Wam§Mr JmiU `§ÌUm

Wa H«$‘m§H$ Wam§Mr OmS>r (g§o.‘r.) gm{hË¶ d AmH$ma‘mZ ({‘.‘r.)
1 25 {dQ>m§Mo VwH$S>o (24 Vo 28)
2 25 ~marH$ dmiy (06 Vo 2.00)
3 25 IS>r (9.5 Vo 15.5)
4 25 XJS>JmoQ>o ( 20 Vo 24)
40. _hmamîQ´>mÀ`m _¡XmZr àXoemVrb _Ü`_ H$mi`m O{_Zr_Üò hiXrÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Am{U nmÊ`mÀ`m H$m`©j_
dmnamgmR>r hiXrMr bmJdS> 75 g|_r ê§$X gar da§ã`mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOwg 37.5 30 g|_r A§Vamda H$ê$Z {R>~H$
qgMZmìXmao {XdgmAmS> ~mînmr^dZmÀ`m 40 Q>ŠHo$ nmUr XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
41. _hmamîQ´>mÀ`m _¡XmZr àXoemVrb _Ü`_ H$mi`m O{_Zr_Üò hiXrÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r {e\$maerV IV_mÌoÀ`m 75
Q>ŠHo$ _mÌm (150…75…75 AZwH«$_o ZÌ,ñ\w$aX Am{U nmbme {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a) {dÐmì` IVmìXmao {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕVrVyZ
Imbrb VŠË`mà_mUo XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
{nH$dmT>rÀ`m hiX bmJdS>r nmgwZMm AÞÐì`m§Mr _mÌm ({H$bmo/hoŠQ>a) AÞÐì`m§Mr _mÌm

AdñWm H$mbmdYr ({H$bmo/AmR>dS>m)
ZÌ ñ’$waX nmbme ZÌ ñ’$waX nmbme
bmJdS> Vo 3 Vo 4 AmR>dS>o (2 15 15 7.5 7.500 7.500 3.750
CJdU AdñWm g‘mZ háo)
emIr¶ dmT> 5 Vo 14 AmR>dS>o 75 22.5 15 7.500 2.250 1.500
(10 g‘mZ háo)
H§$X dmT>rMr 15 Vo 26 AmR>dS>o 37.5 37.5 22.5 3.125 3.125 1.875

gwadmV (12 g‘mZ háo)
H§$X V¶ma 27 Vo 32 AmR>dS>o 22.5 15 30 3.750 2.500 5.00

hmoÊ¶mMr AdñWm (6 g‘mZ háo)
EHw$U 30 AmR>dS>o 150 75 75
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 9

gm_mOrH$ emñÌo
42. CgmVrb EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Aä`mgm_Üò Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo H$s, D$g {nH$mV {gbrH$m°Z,
g§`wŠV OrdmUy IVo, ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdmUy, `w[a`m_Üò qZ~moir n§oS>, gwú_ AÞÐìò Am{U nmMQ> Hw$O{dUmao OrdmUy
`m§À`m dmnam~m~V eoVH$-`m§Mo kmZ d Adb§~Z A{V Aën Amho. Ë`mH$arVm amÁ`mÀ`m H¥${f {d^mJmZo gmIa
H$maImÝ`m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo Cg CËnmXH$m§Mr kmZ nmVir dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r N>mnrb d BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_m§ìXmao _mo{h_m
Am`mo{OV H$amì`mV. VgoM, Adb§~Z nmVir dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r à{ejUo d H¥${V àmË`{jHo$ Am`mo{OV H$amdrV Aer
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
43. S>mqi~ CËnmXH$ eoVH$-`m§_Üò {dÚmnrR> {e\$maerV VobH$Q> S>mJamoJ (~°ŠQ>o[a`b ãbmB©Q>) {Z`§ÌU V§ÌkmZmVrb
amondmQ>rH$m ì`dñWmnZ, ^m¡{VH$, amgm`{ZH$ Am{U O¡{dH$ nrH$ g§ajU d VobH$Q> S>mJamoJ (~°ŠQ>o[a`b ãbmB©Q>) J«ñV
~mJoMo nwZê$ÁOrdZ `m ¿mQ>H$m§g§~§YmMo Adb§~Z dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñ¥îQ>rZo emgZmÀ`m H¥${f {d^mJmZo, H¥${f {dkmZ H|$ÐmÀ`m
d H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m {d^mJr` {dñVma H|$Ð, {Oëhm {dñVma H|$Ð `m§À`m ghH$m`m©Zo OZOmJ¥Vr d à~moYZ H$aÊ`mMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
44. _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo am~{dboë`m hþ_UrÀ`m _oQ>mam`P_ìXmam O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌU V§ÌkmZmMo Adb§~Z
dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r H¥${f {d^mJmZo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m g_Ýd`mZo gm_w{hH$ àmË`{jHo$ _moR>`m à_mUmda Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mMr
VgoM _oQ>mam`P_Mr CnbãYVm JmdnmVirda H$ê$Z XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
45. ^wB©_wJ {nH$mÀ`m CËnmXZmV H$_rda _Ü`_ d Am{U _Ü`_da Cƒ `m XmoZ Adb§~Z JQ>m§_ÜòAmT>iyZ Ambobr AZwH«$_o
48 d 77 Q>ŠŠ`m§Mr dmT> Am{U CËnmXZ IMm©_Üò Pmbobr 19 d 30 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr H$nmV hr eoVH$è`m§Zr {dÚmnrR>mZo
{e\$maerV Ho$boë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~Zm_wio Pmbr Amho. AemàH$mao Iarn ^wB©_wJ {nH$mgmR>r CËnmXZm_Yrb dmT>
Am{U IMm©À`m H$nmVrgmR>r, eoVH$è`m§Zr Iarn ^wB©_wJ {nH$mgmR>r eoUIV, ~rOà{H«$`m, H$moinUr d nrH$ g§ajU `m
V§ÌkmZmMm n[anwU© Adb§~ H$amdm, Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
46. gw`©\w$b {nH$mÀ`m CËnmXZmV H$_rda _Ü`_ Am{U _Ü`_da Cƒ `m Adb§~Z JQ>m§_ÜòAmT>iyZ Ambobr AZwH«$_o 37 d
50 Q>ŠH$`m§Mr dmT> Am{U CËnmXZ IMm©_Üò Pmbobr 14 d 20 Q>ŠŠ`mMr H$nmV hr eoVH$è`m§Zr {dÚmnrR>mZo {e\$maerV
Ho$boë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~m_wio Pmbr Amho. Aem àH$mao gw`©\w$b {nH$mgmR>r CËnmXZm_Yrc dmT> Am{U IMm©À`m
H$nmVrgmR>r, eoVH$è`m§Zr gy`©\w$c {nH$mgmR>rÀ`m V§ÌkmZmMm n[anwU© Adb§~ H$amdm, Aer {e\$ag H$aÊ`mV òVo.
47. gmo`m~rZ {nH$mÀ`m CËnmXZmV H$_rda _Ü`_ d _Ü`_da Cƒ `m Adb§~Z JQ>m§_Üò AmT>iyZ Ambobr AZwH«$_o 31 d
49 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr dmT> Am{U CËnmXZ IMm©_Üò Pmbobr 10 d 21 Q>ŠŠ`m§Mr H$nmV hr eoVH$è`m§Zr {dÚmnrR>mZo {e\$maerV
Ho$boë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~Zm_wio Pmbr Amho. AemàH$mao gmo`m~rZ {nH$mgmR>r CËnmXZm_Ü`rb dmT> Am{U IMm©À`m
H$nmVrgmR>r,eoVH$è`m§Zr gmo`m~rZ {nH$mgmR>rÀ`m V§ÌkmZmMm n[anwU© Adb§~ H$amdm, Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
48. eoVH$-`m§À`m gh^mJmVyZ H¥${V g§emoYZ àH$ënmV§J©V npíM_ _hmamîQ´>mVrb D$gmgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmMm Adb§~ H$aUmè`m
eoVH$è`m§À`m CËnmXZmV 25 Q>ŠHo$ dmT>, 50 Q>ŠHo$ nmÊ`mMr ~MV, 34 Q>ŠHo$ CËnÞmV dmT> Pmë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo.
Ë`m_wio Cgm_Üò {R>~H$ [g§MZmMm Adb§~ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$-`m§À`m gh^mJmVyZ H¥${V g§emoYZ àH$ën am~{dÊ`mV
`mdoV Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
10 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

aã~r d CÝhmir h§Jm_mVrb nrH$ CËnmXZ V§ÌkmZ {e\$maer
Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZ g§nËVr ì`dñWmnZ
1. _hmamîQ´>mVrb Amdf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb _Ü`_ Imob H$mi`m O{_ZrV H$moaS>dmhÿ aã~r ÁdmarÀ`m hoŠQ>ar 15-18
pŠd¨Q>b Ano{jV YmÝ` d 40 -50 q¹$Q>c H$S>ã`mÀ`m CËnmXZmgmR>r 2.5 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoµŠQ>a _mÌo~amo~a CËnmXZ
C{Ôð> g{_H$aUmZwgma ZÌ, ñ\waX Am{U nmcme ImVm_mÌm§Mr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
eoUIVmgmo~V Ano{úmV CËnmXZ g{_H$aU
ImVm_YwZ X`md`mMo ZÌ {H$/ho =
(9.27 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)- (0.27 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho) -(4.42 eoUIV Q>Z /ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$./ho =
(4.58 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)- (2.48 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho) -(0.89 eoUIV Q>Z /ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMoo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$./ho =
(4.02 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)-(0.03 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmbme, {H$/ho) -(2.15 eoUIV Q>Z /ho)
eoUIV {dahrV AnopúmV CËnmXZ g{_H$aU
(10.55 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)- (0.31 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ZÌ, {H$/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$./ho =
(5.44 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)- (2.94 O{_ZrVrc CncãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMoo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$./ho =
(5.24 Ano{úmV CËnmXZ, {H$/ho)- (0.04 O{_ZrVrc CncãY nmbme, {H$/ho)
2. _hmamîQ´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV CÝhmir ^wB©_wJmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ VgoM nmÊ`mÀ`m
H$m`©j_ dmnamgmR>r ^wB©_wJmMr bmJdS> {R>~H$ qgMZmImbr H$ê$Z 100 Q>ŠHo$ ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZm BVHo$ nmUr {XdgmAmS>
XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
A.H«$. ‘{hZo nmÊ¶mMr JaO ({b./ {XdgmAmS> à{V VmoQ>r)

1. ’o$~«wdmar 2.19
2. ‘mM© 4.58
3. E{àb 7.50
4. ‘o 8.50
5. OwZ 4.44
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 11

3. _hmamîQ´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV CÝhmir ^wB©_wJmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, {Z{dîR>m dmna j_Vm d
\$m`Xoera CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r {e\$maerV (25…50…25 ZÌ… ñ\w$aX… nmbme,{H$/ho.) {dÐmì` ñdê$nmVrb IVo
Imbrb VŠË`mà_mUo 12 AmR>dS>`mÀ`m hßË`m_YwZ {R>~H$ qgMZmìXmao XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. Ë`mM ~amo~a noaUr
Z§Va 30,45 d 60 {XdgmZ§Va 2 Q>ŠHo$ 17…44 ( `w[a`m \$m°ñ\o$Q>) À`m VrZ \$dmaÊ`m Úmì`mV.
VŠVm … {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ ^wB©_wJmg 12 hßË`mVyZ AÞÐìò XoÊ`mMo à_mU
bmJdS>r Z§VaMm ZÌmMo à_mUo ñ\w$aXmMo à_mU nmbme Mo à_mU
H$mbmdYr(AmR>dS>o) Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho.
1-3 AmR>dSo 25 6.25 20 10 10 2.5
4-7 AmR>dSo 30 7.50 30 15 20 5
8-10 AmR>dSo 30 7.50 30 15 40 10
11-12AmR>dSo 15 3.75 20 10 30 7.5
EHw$U 100 25 100 50 100 25
4. _hmamîQ´>mVrb _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV aã~r ~Q>mQ>çmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, nmÊ`mMm H$m`©j_ dmna d Am{W©H$ \$m`X`mgmR>r
~Q>mQ>`mMr bmJdS> gar da§~m nÕVrZo 60 20 go_r A§Vamda {R>~H$ qgMZmImbr H$ê$Z, 120 go_r A§Vamdarb b°Q>ab
ìXmao 100% ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZmBVHo$ nmUr {XdgmAmS> XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
5. _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV aã~r dm§½`mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, {Z{dîR>m dmna úm_Vm VgoM Am{W©H$ÑîQ>`m \$m`Xoera CËnÞ
{_i{dÊ`mgmR>r {e\$maerV »mV _mÌm (150…75…75 {H$bmo ZÌ… ñ\w$aX… nmbme à{V hoŠQ>a) {dÐmì` ñdê$nmVrb
IVm§_YwZ gmo~V {Xboë`m VŠË`mà_mUo 21 AmR>dS>`mÀ`m hßË`mVwZ d 100 % ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZmBVHo$ nmUr {XdgmAmS>
{R>~H$ìXmao XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
VŠVm … {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ dm§½`mg 21 hßË`mVyZ AÞÐìò XoÊ`mMo à_mU

bmJdS>r Z§VaMm ZÌmMo à_mUo ñ\w$aXMo à_mU nmbmeMo à_mU
H$mbmdYr(AmR>dS>o) Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho. Q>ŠHo$ {H$.à{V ho.
1-4 AmR>dSo 30 45.0 30 22.5 10 7.5
5-7 AmR>dSo 15 22.5 30 22.5 20 15.0
8-11 AmR>dSo 15 22.5 20 15.0 20 15.0
12-21 AmR>dSo 40 60.0 20 15.0 50 37.5
EHw$U 100 150 100 75 100 75
6. _hmamîQ´>mVrb h_Img nmdgmÀ`m {d^mJmVrb _Ü`_ H$mi`m O{_ZrV CÝhmir ^wB©_wJmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, {Z{dîR>m dmna
j_Vm VgoM A{YH$ \$m`X`mgmR>r 5 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>a {e\$mag _mÌoÀ`m 100 Q>ŠHo$ IVo (25…50…00 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX,
nmbme {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a) {dÐmì` ñdê$nmV {R>~H$ qgMZmVwZ 9 g_mZ hßË`mV d nrH$ ~mînmonU©Ëg©OZmÀ`m 80 Q>ŠHo$ nmUr
{XdgmAmS> XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
CÚmZ{dÚm
7. hdm_mZ ~XbmÀ`m g§X^m©V, eaX {gS>bog OmVrnmgwZ XO}Xma \$imMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, amoJmMm H$_r àmXþ©^md d OmñV Am{W©H$
\$m`ÚmgmR>r gßQ>|~aÀ`m Xþgè`m n§YadmS>`mnmgwZ Vo Am°ŠQ>m§o~aÀ`m n{hë`m n§YadS>`m§n`ªV 6 Vo 8 S>moi`m§da JmoS>r N>mQ>Ur
_wb^wV emñÌo, AÞemñÌ Am{U V§ÌkmZ
8. nmÊ`mMm VmU ghZ H$aÊ`mg Cn`wŠV O¡damgm`{ZH$ {dH$am§Mr {H«$`m{ebVm {dO` `m ha^-`mÀ`m dmUmV d `m dmUmMm
12 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016
Za dmU åhUwZ dmna Ho$boë`m g§H$amV A{YH$ AmT>ië`m_wio `m dmUmMm nmÊ`mMm VmU ghZ H$aUm-`m haâm n¡Xmg
H$m`©H«$_mV OZwH$s` ñÌmoV åhUyZ àmYmÝ`mZo dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
9. JìhmÀ`m nU© Vm§~oam amoJmgmR>r à{VH$maH$ OwZH$ Lr 34 Mo ËdarV {ZXmZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r Jhþ gwYma H$m`©H«$_mV cvLV34 d
cssfr 5 `m aoUdr` {MÝhm§Mm Cn`moJ ñdV§ÌnUo qH$dm EH${ÌVnUo H$amdm Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
10. à`moJemioV dmb {~`mÊ`m§Mr CJdUj_Vm VnmgÊ`mgmR>r, dmb {~`mUo 12 Vmg Amoë`m JmoUmnmQ>mV R>odë`mZ§Va 2 Vmg
nmÊ`mV {ÔdyZ d Ë`mZ§Va n{hë`m BVH$m Amobmdm (10%) òB©n`ªV gmdbrV dmidyZ Mma Q>m°dob nona nÕVr_Üò 250
g|.J«o. Vmn_mZ dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
H¥${f A[^`m§{ÌH$s
11. aã~r ÁdmarÀ`m _wim§À`m Aä`mgmgmR>r 10 _r bm§~r,2 _r ê§$Xr d 1.0 _r C§Mr Agbobr \w$bo ê$Q> ~m°Šg ñQ´>ŠMaMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
12. _hmamîQ´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb _Ü`_ Imob O{_ZrV nmÊ`mMr H$_r CnbãYVm AgVmZm aã~r H$m§ÚmMo CËV_
àVrMo A{YH$V_ CËnmXZ KoÊ`mgmR>r nwZ©bmJdS>rZ§Va 51 Vo 75 {Xdgm§À`m H$mbmdYrV (JmoQ> dmT>rMr gwadmVrMr
AdñWm) qgMZmÀ`m {Z`{_V JaOonojm 20 Q>ŠHo$ H$_r nmUr XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
13. H$m§Xm {nH$mMr nmÊ`mMr JaO {ZpíMV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb VŠË`mV Z_wX Ho$boë`m nrH $JwUm§H$mMm dmna H$aÊ`mMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
noaUrZ§VaMm AmR>dS>m nrH$ JwUm§H$
1 0.63
2 0.69
3 0.73
4 0.79
5 0.85
6 0.92
7 1.00
8 1.08
9 1.15
10 1.20
11 1.23
12 1.21
13 1.14
14 1.01
15 0.81
16 0.54
darb V³Ë¶mbm n¶m©¶ åhUwZ Imbrb gwÌmMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.

5
nrH JwUmH$ $= 8.062 Q> - 24.31 Q> 4 + 20.15 Q> 3 - 5.761 Q> 2
+1.498 Q> + 0.561
R R R R R
Q> - {Xdg
R> - nrH$ H$mbmdYr
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 13

14. nmÊ`mMr H$_VaVm AgVmZm aã~r h§Jm_mV doJdoJi`m qgMZ nÜXVr A§VJ©V aã~r H$m§ÚmMo Ano{jV CËnmXZ A§XmOrV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb CËnmXZ à{VgmX JwUmH$m§Mr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
1. h§Jm_r CËnmXZ à{VgmX JwUm§H$ (Ky) (Sw>aoÝ~mg Am{U H$mg_ gwÌmgmR>r)= 1.59
2. nrH$ dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoZwgma à{VgmX JwUm§H$ (ñQ>odmQ>© gwÌmgmR>r)
emH$s` AdñWm$(Ky1) $(1-150 {Xdg ) = 0.654
H$m§Xm dmT>rMr gwadmVrMr AdñWm$(Ky2) $(51-75 {Xdg ) = 0.542
H$m§Xm nmogÊ`mMr AdñWm (Ky3) $(76-100 {Xdg ) = 0.305
gm_m{OH$ emñÌo
15. H$aS>B© {nH$mÀ`m CËnmXZmV H$_rda _Ü`_ d _Ü`_da Cƒ `m Adb§~Z JQ>m§_Üò AmT>iyZ Ambobr AZwH«$_o 32 d 54
Q>ŠŠ`m§Mr dmT> Am{U CËnmXZ IMm©_Üò Pmbobr 12 d 24 Q>ŠŠ`m§Mr H$nmV hr eoVH$è`m§Zr {dÚmnrR>mZo {e\$maerV
Ho$boë`m V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Adb§~Zm_wio Pmbr Amho.Aem àH$mao H$aS>B© {nH$mgmR>r CËnmXZm_Yrc dmT> Am{U IMm©À`m
H$nmVrgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zr H$aS>B© {nH$mgmR>rÀ`m V§ÌkmZmMm n[anwU© Adb§~ H$amdm, Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
16. nmW {díbofUmZwgma, H$m§Xm {~OmoËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r, amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Vrb AÞÐì`m§Mr Cn`wŠVVm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r,
O{_ZrMo Amamo½` A~m{YV amIÊ`mgmR>r d {nH$mìXmao AÞÐì`m§Mr hmoUmar CMb H$_r H$aÊ`mH$arVm _Ü`_ Imob H$mi`m
O{_ZrV _mVr n[ajU AmYm[aV Ano{jV CËnmXZ g_rH$aUmZwgma eoUIVmghrV IV_mÌm XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
14 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H¥${f hdm‘mZ
‘hmamï´ amÁ` CîU H${Q>~§YmV ‘moS>Vo. Ë`m‘wio amÁ`mVrc hdm‘mZ ~hþVm§er g‘{eVmoîU H$moaS>o Amho. amÁ`mV
gd©gmYmaUnUo dm{f©H$ nmdgmMo à‘mU 500 Vo 6000 {‘. ‘r. n`ªV Amho. Va dm{f©H$ gamgar 750 {‘. ‘r. Amho. ‘w»`V…
nmD$g Z¡F$Ë` ‘mÝgyZ dmè`mnmgyZ 60 Vo 70 {XdgmV nS>Vmo. ‘hmamï´>mVrc nyd© ^mJmV B©emÝ` ‘mÝgyZ dmè`mnmgyZ gßQ>|~a-
0
Am°ŠQ>mo~a ‘{hÝ`mV nmD$g nS>Vmo. CÝhmù`mV Vmn‘mZ OmñVrV OmñV 45 gopëgAgn`ªV dmT>Vo. [hdmù`mV Vo 50 gopëgAgn`ªV
H$‘r òVo. ‘hmamï´>mVrc n[íM‘ {H$ZmanQ>²>Q>rda hdm‘mZ CîU d X‘Q> AgVo, Va ‘Ü` ‘hmamï´>mV Vo H$moaS>o d nyd© ^mJmV CîU d X‘Q>
AgVo. hdoVrc gH$miMo AmÐ©VoMo à‘mU 50 Vo 90 % n`ªV AgyZ, XþnmaMo 20 Vo 60 % n`ªV amhVo. ‘hmamï´>mgmR>r nS>Umam
nmD$g, O{‘Zr, nrH$ nÜXVr, dZñnVr Am{U CîUVm‘mZ `m gdmªMm {dMma H$ê$Z Imcrcn«‘mUo 9 H¥$fr hdm‘mZ {d^mJ nmS>co
AmhoV.
H¥${f hdm‘mZ
1. X{jU H$moH$U {H$Zmam {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV aËZm{Jar, X[jU am`JS> Am{U qgYwXþJ© {Oëøm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 3100 {‘. ‘r. Amho. ^mV Am{U ZmJcr hr à‘wI {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. `m ^mJmVrc O‘rZ Om§ä`m
IS>H$mnmgyZ V`ma Pmcocr Amho.
2. CÎma H$moH$U {H$Zmam {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV R>mUo Am{U am`JS> {Oëøm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU
2600 {‘. ‘r. Amho. ^mV ho à‘wI nrH$ AgyZ, ZmJcr d daB© hr ‘hËdmMr Va {MHy$ Am{U Am§ã`mgmaIr \$iPmS>o KoVmV.
3. npíM‘ KmQ> {d^mJ … hm KmQ> åhUOo gømÐr nd©VmÀ`m S>m|Ja ‘mÏ`mdarc X{jUmoÎma qMMmoim nÅ>m AgyZ, Am§~mobr,
\$m|S>m, Am§~m, H$moëhmnya, _hm~ioída, bmoUmdim, I§S>mim, H$igy~mB©, BJVnyar Am{U Í`§~Ho$ída ^mJ òVmo. `m {d^mJmV
2.10 cmI hoŠQ>a joÌ ‘moS>Vo. hm {d^mJ gd©gmYmaUnUo g‘wÐgnmQ>rnmgyZ 1000 Vo 1900 ‘rQ>a C§Mrda Amho. nmdgmMo
dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 5000 {‘. ‘r. Amho. `m {d^mJmMm 22 Vo 25 % àXoe O§Jcm§Zr ì`mncocm Amho. ^mV, ZmJcr,
gmdm, H$moÐm hr {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV.
4. Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJ … hm {d^mJ gømÐrÀ`m nyd}H$S>À`m CVmamMm Amho. hm {d^mJ Zm{eH$, nwUo, gmVmam, H$moëhmnya
d gm§Jcr {Oëøm§Vrc npíM‘oH$S>rc 19 VmcwŠ`mV {dñVmacocm AgyZ Ë`mMo joÌ\$i 10,289 Mm¡ag {H$. ‘r.Amho. `m
{d^mJmVrc dm{f©H$ nmdgmMr gamgar 1700 Vo 2500 {‘. ‘r. Amho.`m {d^mJmVrc gamgar H$‘mc Vmn‘mZ 280
Vo 350 gopëgAg Va gamgar {H$‘mZ Vmn‘mZ 140 Vo 160 gopëgAgÀ`m Xaå`mZ AgVo. ^mV, ZmJcr, Ádmar, ~mOar, ^wB©‘yJ B.
Iarn {nHo$, a~r Ádmar, Jhÿ, haâm, dmc B. a~r {nHo$ VgoM D$g hr {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. Ë`mMn«‘mUo ^mOrnmcm {nH$mImcr
32.9 hOma hoŠQ>a joÌ AgyZ Ë`m‘Üò ~Q>mQ>m, H$m§Xm, {‘aMr, Q>mo‘°Q>mo, dm§Jr hr ^mOrnmcm {nHo$ d ÐmjmgmaIr \$i{nHo$ KoVcr
OmVmV.
5. npíM‘ ‘hmamï´> ‘¡XmZr {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV Ywio d gm§Jcr {OëømMo npíM‘oH$S>rc VmcwHo$ Am{U Zm{eH$,
nwUo, gmVmam d H$moëhmnya {Oëøm§Vrc ‘Yco VmcwHo$ g‘m{dï> AmhoV. `m {d^mJmMo joÌ\$i 17.91 cmI hoŠQ>a EdT>o Amho.
`m {d^mJmVrc nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 950 Vo 1250 {‘. ‘r. EdT>o AgyZ Vmo g‘n«‘mUmV {dIwacocm AgVmo.
`m {d^mJmV H$‘mc Vmn‘mZ E{àc d ‘o ‘{hÝ¶mV 400 go[ëgAg Va {H$‘mZ Vmn‘mZ {S>g|~a-OmZodmar ‘{hÝ¶mV 50
gopëgAgÀ`m Xaå`mZ AgVo. hm {d^mJ àm‘w»`mZo IarnmMm AgyZ Ë`mV Ádmar, ~mOar, ^wB©‘yJ, Vya, ‘yJ, CS>rX, gw`©\$yc,
gmo`m~rZ, KodS>m hr Iarn {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. VgoM Jhÿ, haâm, Ádmar hr a~r {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. CgmMo nrH$ ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV KoVco OmVo. `m {d^mJmVrc ~aoM joÌ ^mOrnmcm d \$iPmS>m§À`m cmJdS>rImcr Amho.
6. npíM‘ ‘hmamï´> H$‘r nmdgmMm {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV g§nyU© gmocmnya Va Ah‘XZJa, gmVmam, gm§Jcr, nwUo,
Ywio, OiJmd, Zm{eH$, ~wcT>mUm, Am¡a§Jm~mX, ~rS>, Cñ‘mZm~mX Am{U cmVya {OëømÀ`m H$mhr ^mJmMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. `m
{d^mJmMo EHy$U joÌ\$i 73.23 cmI hoŠQ>a Amho. `m {d^mJmV nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 750 {‘. ‘r. nojm H$‘r AgyZ
Ë`mMo {dVaU Ag‘mZ AgVo. `m {d^mJmV nmD$g OyZ - Owc¡ ‘{hÝ`mV d Xþgè`m§Xm gßQ>|~a ‘{hÝ`mV A{YH$ à‘mUmV nS>Vmo. `m
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 15

{d^mJmV nmdgmÀ¶m I§S>mMm H$mcmdYr H$Yr H$Yr 2 Vo 10 AmR>dS>ohr AgVmo, A{YH$ Vmn‘mZ d CîU dmao AmT>iyZ òVmV d
0
~mînr^dZmMm dm{f©H$ Xa 1800 {‘. ‘r. EdT>m Amho. `m {d^mJmV gamgar H$‘mc Vmn‘mZ E{n«c d ‘o ‘Üò 41 go[ëgAg
d gamgar {H$‘mZ Vmn‘mZ {S>g|~a‘Üò 140 Vo 150 gopëgAgÀ`m Xaå`mZ AgVo. `m {d^mJmVrc 70 Vo 75 % joÌ a~r
{nH$m§Imcr AgyZ ^mar O{‘ZrV Ádmar, H$aS>B©, gy`©\y$c, haâm hr a~r {nHo$ àm‘w»`mZo KoVcr OmVmV. hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV
IarnmV 25 Vo 30% joÌmda ~mOar, gw`©\y$c, ^yB©‘yJ, Vya, ‘yJ, CS>rX, Iarn Ádmar BË`m[X {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. VgoM ~mOar
+ Vÿa (2 … 1) d gw`©\y$c + Vya ( 2 … 1) hr Am§VanrH$ nÜXVr Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm \$m`Xoera d emídV Agë`mZo `m nÜXVrMm
Adc§~hr Ho$cm OmVmo.
7. ‘Ü` ‘hmamï´> nR>mar {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV OiJm§d, bmVya, Ywi`mMm H$mhr ^mJ, gmobmnya, ~rS>, naÛr, Zm§XoS>,
OmbZm, Am¡a§Jm~mX, Cñ_mZm~mX, `dV_mi, AH$mobm, A_amdVrMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. `m {d^mJmV dm{f©H$ gamgar nmdgmMo
n«‘mU 750 Vo 950 [‘ .‘r Amho. 75% nojm OmñV nmD$g IarnmV nS>V Agë`mZo Ádmar, H$mnyg, gw`©\y$c, ^wB©‘yJ,
gmo`m~rZ, ‘yJ, CS>rX , Vya B. Iarn {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV. ~mJm`VrImcr Ádmar, Jhÿ Am[U H$mnyg, CÝhmir ^wB©‘yJ `m nrH$
nÜXVrMm Adc§~ AmT>iVmo.
8. ‘Ü` {dX^© {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV dYm©, ZmJnyaMm H$mhr ^mJ, M§Ðnya, Am¡a§Jm~mX, naÛr, OmbZm, Zm§XoS>,
`dV_miMm H$mhr ^mJ _moS>Vmo. `m {d^mJmV nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 950 Vo 1250 {‘.‘r Amho. O{‘Zr H$mù`m
a§JmÀ`m d ^mar (Imoc) AmhoV. Iarn h§Jm‘mV H$mnyg, Iarn Ádmar, Vya, JirV YmÝ` d BVa H$S>YmÝò Va a~r h§Jm‘mV Jhÿ ,
Ádmar, haâm B. a~r {nHo$ KoVcr OmVmV.
9. nyd© {dX^© {d^mJ … `m {d^mJmV ^§S>mam Am{U JS>{Mamocr {Oëho Am{U M§Ðnya {OëømMm nydo©H$S>rc ^mJ,
ZmJnya‘Yrc C‘aoS> VmcwH$m `m§Àmm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. nmdgmMo dm{f©H$ gamgar à‘mU 1250 Vo 1700 {‘.‘r Amho. O{‘ZrMm a§J
{ndiga Vn{H$ar Vo Vm§~yg Amho. ^mV ho IarnmVrc ‘hËdmMo nrH$ Amho. a~r h§Jm‘mV Ádmar, haâm, Odg, Jhÿ hr [nHo$
KoVcr OmVmV. nmdgmMr ZjÌo d Ë`m§Àmm CX` hmoÊ`mÀ`m VmaIm Imcrc VŠË`mV {Xë`m AmhoV. H$mhr eoVH$ar ~§Yy
ZjÌmà‘mUo Iarn Am{U a~r h§Jm‘mV noaÊ¶m H$aVmV. Vo ømMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$ eH$VmV.
A.H«$. ZjÌo gwé hmoÊ`mMr VmarI A.H«$. ZjÌo gwé hmoÊ`mMr VmarI
1 amo{hUr 24 ‘o 7 ‘Km 17 Am°JñQ>
2 ‘¥J 7 OyZ 8 nydm© 30 Am°JñQ>
3 AmÐm 21 OyZ 9 CËÎmam 13 gßQ>o|~a
4 nwZd©gy 6 Owb¡ 10 hñV 27 gßQ>o|~a
5 nwî` 20 Owb¡ 11 {MÌm 10 Am°ŠQ>mo~a
6 Amíbofm 3 Am°JñQ> 12 ñdmVr 24 Am°ŠQ>mo~a
{nH$m§Mo âKmog CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r gw`mo½` hdm‘mZmMr ‘m{hVr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hdm‘mZmcm AZwê$n Aer
{nHo$ KoUo eŠ` ìhmdo `mH$[aVm hdm‘mZmV Oo H$mhr gyú‘ ~Xc hmoVmV Ë`m§Mm {nH$m§À`m dmT>rda, AÞÐì` emofU
H$aÊ`mÀ`m${H«$òda VgoM {H$S>r d amoJm§Mm hmoUmam àmXþ^m©d `m gd© ~m~tMm {dMma H$éZ ~XcË`m hdm‘mZmV {nH$m§Mr H$moUVr
[ZJm qH$dm H$miOr ¿`mdr `m{df`r ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ`mH$[aVm {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m Mma {d^mJm‘Üò (nwUo, BJVnyar, amhþar Am{U
H$moëhmnya) H¥$[f hdm‘mZ g„m H|$Ðo H$m`m©pÝdV H$aÊ`mV Amcr AmhoV. `m H|$Ðm‘m\©$V ^maVr` hdm‘mZ {d^mJm‘m\©$V dV©{dÊ`mV
òUmè`m ‘Ü`‘ ‘wXVrÀ`m (3 Vo 5 {Xdg) hdm‘mZ A§XmOmda AmYmarV H¥$fr g„m XoÊ`mV òVmo.
16 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR> H$m`©joÌm§VJ©V hdm‘mZ {d^mJ
‘Ü` ‘hmamï>´>
nR>mar {d^mJ
npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>
‘¡XmZr {d^mJ
npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´> H$‘r
nmdgmMm {d^mJ
npíM‘ KmQ> {d^mJ
Cn-nd©Vr` {d^mJ
npíM‘ KmQ> {d^mJ

Cn-nd©Vr` {d^mJ
npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´> ‘¡XmZr {d^mJ
npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´> H$‘r nmdgmMm {d^mJ
‘Ü` ‘hmamï>´> nR>mar {d^mJ
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 17

‘mVr n[ajU
‘mVrVrb AÞÐì`m§Mo à‘mU VnmgyZ IVm§À`m ‘mÌm XoUo Zoh‘rM \$m`Xoera AgVo. ‘mVr VnmgUrgmR>r àm{V{Z{YH$ Z‘wZm
KoUo ‘hËdmMm Amho. O{‘ZrMm CVma, a§J, Imobr, nmoV `mMm gd©gmYmaU [dMma H$éZ àËòH$ {d^mJmVyZ ñdV§Ì[aË`m Z‘wZm
¿`mdm. O{‘ZrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmdarb H$mS>rH$Mam, XJS> JmoQ>o ~mOybm H$ê$Z 30x30x30 go.‘r. AmH$mamMm IÈ>m KoD$Z
IS>çmVrb nyU© ‘mVr ~mOwbm H$mT>y>Z Ë`mZ§Va IS>çmÀ`m Mmahr ~mOyMr 2 g|.‘r. OmS>rMr ‘mVr Iwaß`mÀ`m ghmæ`mZoo danmgyZ
Imbn`ªV IaSy>Z ¿`mdr. Ago EH$ EH$amVyZ ‘mVrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma EH$mM àH$maÀ`m ‘mVrMo 7-8 {R>H$mUmdê$Z Z‘wZm
KoÊ`mgmR>r Iwano, {Ja‘rQ>, K‘obo B. gm{hË`mMm dmna H$amdm. gyú‘AÞÐìò n¥W…H$aU H$aÊ`mgmR>r Q>moH$Xma bmH$S>r Iw§Q>r,
ßbmñQ>rH$Mo K‘obo B. dmnamdo. Ë`mgmR>r YmVyMo H$moUVohr gm{hË` dmné Zò. ‘mVr EH$Ì H$ê$Z gmdbrV dmidyZ, EH$ {H$bmo
‘mVrMm Z‘wZm à`moJemioV VnmgUrgmR>r nmR>dmdm.
‘mVr narjUmgmR>r àm{V{Z{YH$ Z‘wZm KoVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1. eoVmV OZmdao ~gÊ`mÀ`m OmJm, IV d H$Mam Q>mH$Ê`mÀ`m OmJm, {d{hatMo qH$dm eoVrMo ~m§Y, XbXbrMr OmJm,
PmS>mImbMr OmJm, C[H$aS>m BË`mXr OmJoVyZ ‘mVrMo Z‘wZo KoD$ ZòV.
2. ‘mVrMm Z‘wZm gmYmaUnUo {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur Pmë`mZ§Va na§Vw Zm§JaUrnydu ¿`mdm, eoVmV nrH$ Agë`mg XmoZ AmoirVrb
OmJoVyZ Z‘wZm ¿`mdm.
3. eoVmV amgm`{ZH$ IVo Q>mH$br Agë`mg 2-2.5 ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV ‘mVrMm Z‘wZm KoD$ Zò.
4. {Za{Zamù`m àH$mamÀ`m O{‘ZrMo qH$dm {Za{Zamù`m eoVmVrb ‘mVrMo Z‘wZo EH$Ì {‘giy ZòV.
5. amgm`{ZH$ IVmÀ`m [aH$må`m {neì`m ‘mVrMm Z‘wZm KoÊ`mgmR>r dmnê$ ZòV.
6. ‘mVrMm Z‘wZm KoVmZm H¥${f ghmæ`H$ qH$dm J«m‘ {dñVma A{YH$mar `m§Mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z ¿`mdo.
‘mVrMm Z‘wZm Imbrb ‘m{hVrgh à`moJemioV nmR>dmdm
1) eoVH$è`mMo Zm§d d nyU© nÎmm d XyaÜdZr H«$./ ^«_UÜdZr H«$. 2) Z‘wZm KoVë`mMr VmarI 3) gìh©o Z§~a / JQ> H«$.
4) eoVrMm àH$ma - ~mJm`V / H$moaS>dmhÿ 5) Amo{bVmMo gmYZ
6) O{‘ZrMm {ZMam (Mm§Jbm /‘Ü`‘ / H$‘r)
7) O{‘ZrMm àH$ma (dmiy / nmo`Q>m / {MH$U‘mVr /jma`wº$ / {dåb / MwZIS>r`wº$)
8) O{‘ZrMm CVma (OmñV / ‘Ü`‘ / gnmQ>)
9) O{‘ZrMr Imobr (CWi- 25 g|.‘r., ‘Ü`‘-25-50g|.‘r., Imob-50-100g|.‘r., AVrImob-100g|.‘r. nojm OmñV)
10) ‘mJrb h§Jm‘mV KoVbobo nrH$, Ë`m§Mo CËnmXZ
11) ‘mJrb h§Jm‘mVrb {nH$mg dmnabobr IVo d Ë`m§Mo à‘mU
12) nwT>rb h§Jm‘mV ¿`md`mMr {nHo$ Am{U Ë`m§Mo dmU
O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY AÞÐì`m§À`m à‘mUmdéZ IVm§Mm dmna

AÞÐì`m§Mo g|{Ð` H$~© O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY AÞÐìò ({H$bmo/ho.) IVm§Mr {e\$mag
à‘mU (%) ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
AË`§V H$‘r 0.20 nojm H$‘r 140 nojm H$‘r 7 nojm H$‘r 100 nojm H$‘r {e\$maerV IV ‘mÌonojm 50 Q>¸o$ OmñV
H$‘r 0.21-0.40 141-280 8-14 101 - 150 {e\$maerV IV ‘mÌonojm 25 Q>¸o$ OmñV
‘Ü`‘ 0.41-0.60 281-420 15-21 151 - 200 {e\$maerV IV‘mÌm
WmoS>o OmñV 0.61-0.80 421-560 22-28 201 - 250 {e\$maerV IV‘mÌm
OmñV 0.81-1.0 561-700 29-35 251 - 300 {e\$maerV IV ‘mÌonojm 25 Q>¸o$ H$‘r
AË`§V OmñV 1.0 nojm OmñV 700 nojm OmñV 35 nojm OmñV 300 nojm OmñV [e\$maerV IV ‘mÌonojm 50 Q>¸o$ H$‘r
‘mVr narjU AhdmbmZwgma darb VŠË`mMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z AÞÐì`m§Mo dJuH$aU H$amdo d Ë`mZwgma IVm§Mr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
18 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

O{‘ZrMm gm‘y [>(nr EM) Amåb - {dåb {ZX©oem§H$]
gm‘y ho ‘mVrMo Vb
w ZmË‘H$ Amåb, {dåbVm Xe{©dUmao n[a‘mU Amh.o gm‘y 7 Agb
o Va ‘mVr CXmgrZ AgV.o gmV njo m
A{YH$ Agë`mg ‘mVr {dåb g‘Obr OmV.o Va gm‘y 7 nj o m H$‘r Agë`mg Amåb AgV.o O{‘ZrMm gm‘y 6.5 Vo 7.5 À`m
Xaå`mZ Agë`mg {nH$mZ§m bmJUmar ~hVþHo$ AÞÐìò O{‘ZrV CnbãY AgVmV d Vr O‘rZ {d{dY {nH$mÀ§`m dmT>rgmR>r `m½o`
AgV.o
npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>mVrb emgZmÀ`m ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim
1) ‘mVr n[ajU n«`moJemim, gmdoS>r, VmbwH$m {~OJwUZ àjoÌ, Ah‘XZJa - 414003
soilahmednagar@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0241-2430010
2) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, H¥$[f ^dZ, H¥$[f ‘hm{dÚmb` Amdma, nwUo - 411 005
soilpune@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 020-25537110
3) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, Ama.Q>r.Amo. Am°\$sgÀ`m _mJo, {dOmnya amoS>, gmobmnya - 413005
soilsolapur@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0217-2726019
4) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, _w. hm_Om~mX nmo. H$m|S>do, Vm. {O. gmVmam - 415002
soilsatara@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 02162-234891
5) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, 434, Vm§~moio {~ëSr§>J, S>m°. Am§~oS>H$a ‘mJ©, gm§Jbr - 416416
soilsangali@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0233-2376503
6) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, 330 / 2 ~, OdmhaZJa, dm`. nr. ndma ZJa Odi, H$moëhmnya - 416012
soilkolhapur@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0231-2693983
7) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, aoí‘m ‘§Orb, J§O‘miOdi, Zm{eH$ - 422 001
soilnasik@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0253-2592958
8) ‘mVr narjU à`moJemim, VmbwH$m grS> \$m°‘© qnàr, Ywio - 231 401
soildhule@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 02562-231401
9) ‘mVr n[ajU à`moJemim, ‘w‘am~mX, OiJmd - 425132
soiljalgaon@gmail.com, Tel. Ph.: 0257-2200792
10) ‘mVr n[ajU d {nH$m§Mm à{VgmX `moOZm, ‘\w$H¥${d, amhþar - 413722
headssacmpkv@gmail.com Tel.: 02426-243209
11) gyú‘AÞÐìò AÝdofU `moOZm, ‘\w$H¥${d, amhþar - 413722
headssacmpkv@gmail.com Tel.: 02426-243209
12) _¥X{dkmZ d H¥${f agm`Z emgZ {d^mJ, H¥$[f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo - 411 005
{nH$mgmR>r Amo{bVmÀ`m nmÊ`mMr n«V
nmÊ`mMr àV Am{U O{‘ZrMm nmoV `m XmoÝhtMm g§`wº$nUo {dMma H$ê$ZM Amo{bVmgmR>r nmÊ`mMr `mo½`Vm R>adbr OmVo.
nmÊ`mVrb jma, gmo[S>`‘ d ~moam°ZMo à‘mU `mdê$Z nmÊ`mMr àV R>adbr OmVo. jmam§Mo à‘mU 0.20 S>ogr gm`‘Z à{V
‘rQ>a nojm H$‘r, nmÊ`mVrb ‘°¾o{e`‘ / H°$pëe`‘ `m§Mo JwUmoÎma à‘mU 1.0 nojm d ~moam°Z 2 {‘br J«°‘ à{V {bQ>a
nojm H$‘r Agë`mg nmÊ`mMr àV Amo{bVmgmR>r Mm§Jbr AgVo.
jma`wº$ nmÊ`mMm dmna H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1. O{‘Zrbm gmYmaU CVma Úm. 2. CVmamÀ`m {XeoZo Imob Zm§JaQ> H$am.
3. eoVmV CVmamÀ`m {XeoZo `mo½` ‘emJV H$am. 4. {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> garÀ`m ~JboV H$am.
5. {nH$m§‘Üò {Z>`‘rV doimodoir CVmamÀ`m {XeoZo Am§Va ‘emJV H$am.
6. g|{Ð` IVm§Mm VgoM {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mm OmñV à‘mUmV dmna H$am.
7. amgm`{ZH$ IVm§‘Üò ZÌ`wº$ IVm§Mm [e\$maernojm 25 Q>¸o$ OmñV dmna H$am.
8. gar‘Üò nmMQ>mgmaIo AmÀN>mXZ Q>mH$m. 9. {nH$m§Zm dma§dma, na§Vw ‘`m©{XV nmUr eŠ`Vmo pñà§H$baÛmao Úm.
10. nmQ>mMo nmUr CnbãY Agë`mg ImadQ> nmÊ`mV Vo R>am{dH$ à‘mUmV {‘giyZ Úm.
11. EH$m AmS> EH$ gar {Ôdm.
12. {R>~H$ g§MmMm dmna nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o {dÐmì` jmam§Mr ‘mÌm 3.12 S>ogr gm`‘Z à{V ‘rQ>anojm H$‘r Agë`mg H$amdm.
13. jmaghZerb {nH$m§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr. CXm. Jhÿ, Ádmar, D$g, ‘H$m, gw`©\y$c, H$mnyg, gmVy, ewJa~rQ>, nmbH$,
bgyUKmg B. 14. nmUr OmñV jma`wº$ Agob Va {Zb{Jar, ~m§~y, gw~m^yi BË`mXtMr d¥jeoVr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 19

O‘rZ
{nH$m§Mr dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r O‘rZ ho ‘hËdmMo ‘mÜ`‘ Amho. O{‘ZrMo 4 à‘wI KQ>H$ AmhoV. (1) ‘mVr (2) g|{Ð`
nXmW© (3) hdm (4) nmUr; Á`m O{‘ZrV ‘mVrMo à‘mU 45 Q>¸o$, g|{Ð` nXmW© 5 Q>¸o$, hdm Am{U nmUr àËòH$s 25 Q>¸o$ AgVo,
Aem O{‘ZrV {nH$m§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. O{‘ZrMm g§aMZm/KS>U CÎm‘ amhÊ`mgmR>r O{‘ZrMr `mo½` ‘emJV d g|{Ð`
nXmWm©Mm ânya dmna H$amdm d {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr. {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$aVmZm H$S>YmÝ` {nH$m§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$ë`mg
O{‘ZrV ZÌmMo pñWarH$aU hmoVo d gwnrH$Vm dmTVo.
jma`wº O‘rZ
jma`wº$ O{‘ZrMo JwUY‘©
O{‘ZrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmda nm§T>è`m jmam§Mm nmVi Wa òVmo. gm‘y 8.5 nojm H$‘r AgVmo. {ZMam Mm§Jbm hmoVmo.
O{‘ZrVrb {dÐmì` jmam§Mr {dÚwV dmhH$Vm 4 S>ogr gm`‘Z à{V ‘rQ>anojm OmñV AgVo d {dZr‘``wº$ gmo{S>`‘Mo à‘mU
15 Q>ŠŠ`mnojm H$‘r AgVo.
jma`wº$ O{‘ZrMr gwYmaUm
1. O{‘Zrbm 1 Q>¸$m CVma Úmdm.
2. eoVmV CVmamÀ`m AmS>ì`m {XeoZo `mo½` A§Vamda Ma ImoXmdoV.
3. eoVmbm nwaogo nmUr XoD$Z {dÐmì` jmam§Mm {ZMam H$ê$Z MamÛmao eoVm~mhoa H$mT>mdo.
4. {nH$m§À`m \o$anmbQ>rV {hadirMr {nHo$ ¿`mdrV.
5. jmaghZerb {nHo$ ¿`mdrV.
6. AmobrVmImbrb eoV nS>rH$ R>ody Zò, O‘rZ Zoh‘r {nH$mImbr R>odmdr AÝ`Wm eoV O‘rZ A{YH$ jma`wº$ hmoB©b.
7. O[‘Zrda AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna H$amdm.
MmonU O‘rZ
JwUY‘©
O{‘ZrMo {dZr‘``wº$ gmo{S>`‘Mo à‘mU eoH$S>m 15 nojm OmñV AgVo. {dÐmì` jmam§Mr {dÚwVdmhH$Vm 4 S>ogr
gm`‘Z à{V ‘rQ>a nojm H$‘r AgVo d gm‘y 8.5 Vo 10 n`ªV AgVmo. O{‘ZrVyZ nmÊ`mMm g‘mYmZH$maH$ {ZMam hmoV Zmhr.
dmië`mda O‘rZ Q>UH$ hmoVo, Amoë`mnUr A{Ve` {M~S>, hmoVo. Aem O{‘ZrV hdm IoiVr amhV Zmhr d Ë`m‘wio {nH$m§Mr dmT>
`mo½` hmoV Zmhr.
gwYmaUm
1. O{‘Zrbm 1 Q>¸$m CVma Úmdm. 2. O{‘ZrImbr gpÀN>Ð nmB©n Q>mHy$Z nmÊ`mMm ^y[‘JV {ZMam H$amdm.
3. O‘rZ gnmQ> H$ê$Z `mo½` A§Vamda Ma H$mT>mdoV.
4. ‘mVr n[ajU H$ê$Z {Oßg‘, J§YH$, Am`Z© nmàmB©Q> `mgma»`m ^wgyYmaH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm. O{‘Zr‘Üò JaOoZwgma
gd©gmYmaUnUo 5 Vo 10 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar {Oßg‘ eoUIVmV {‘giyZ Q>mH$mdo.
5. MwZIS>r`wº$ O{‘ZrV J§YH$ 1 Q>Z qH$dm Am`Z© nmàmB©Q> 2 Q>Z hr ^wgyYmaHo$ dmnamdrV. ^wgyYmaHo$ {Xë`mZ§Va ânya nmUr
Úmdo. Ë`m‘wio O{‘ZrVrb jma dmhÿZ OmÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. O{‘ZrVrb gmo[S>`‘Mo à‘mUhr H$‘r hmoD$Z O{‘ZrMr OS>UKS>U
gwYmaVo.
6. jmam§Mm {ZMam Ho$ë`mZ§Va Aem O{‘ZrV ewJa~rQ>, ~mbu, ~agr‘, ^mV, Jhÿ, D$g, H$mnyg `mgmaIr jmaghZerb {nHo$
¿`mdrV.
7. g|{Ð` IVm§Mm dmna dmT>dmdm. 8. {nH$mÀ`m \o$anmbQ>rV Y¢Mm ho {hadirMo nrH$ ¿`mdo.
9. ‘mVr narjU H$ê$Z ZÌ`wº$ IVo {e\$maernojm 25 Q>¸o$ dmT>dyZ ¿`mdrV.
10. ‘mVr n[ajUmZwgma gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna H$amdm.
20 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

MwZIS>r`wº$ O‘rZ
JwUY‘©
1. gm‘y 8 nojm OmñV d KS>U H$R>rU ~ZVo.
2. O{‘ZrMr {dÚwV dmhH$Vm 1 S>ogr gm`‘Z à{V ‘rQ>a nojm H$‘r.
3. ^m¡{VH$ JwUY‘m©‘Üò KZVm dmT>Vo d ObYmaUmeº$s H$‘r hmooVo.
4. hdm - nmUr IoiÊ`mMo à‘mU ì`ñV amhVo.
5. ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme d gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§Mr CnbãYVm H$‘r hmoVo.
6. dmidr, hþ‘Ur {H$S>tMm CnÐd dmT>Vmo.
7. {nH$m§Mr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo
gwYmaUm
1. Imobda Zm§JaQ> H$amdr.
2. g|{Ð` / {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mm ânya dmna H$amdm.
3. ‘mVr narjUmdê$Z O{‘Zr‘Üò AWdm \$dmaUrÛmao amgm`{ZH$ d {MboQ>oS> gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§Mm g§Vw{bV dmna H$amdm.
4. ghZerb {nH$m§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr. {gVm\$i, ~moa, Amdim, A§Ora, gw`©\y c, gmo`m~rZ, Jhÿ, H$mnyg, D$g B.
jmanS> O‘rZ gwYmaUogmR>r gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam àUmbr
Oogr~r ‘erZÀ`m ghmæ`mZo 90 g|. ‘r. Vo 1.80 ‘rQ>a ImobrMo Ma H$mT>mdoV. H$boŠQ>a S´>oZ 600 ‘rQ>a bm§~rMr Q>mHy$Z
Ë`mbm 0.3% CVma R>odmdm Am{U b°Q>ab S´>oZgmR>r 0.2% Mm CVma R>odmdm. XmoZ b°Q>ab ‘Yrb A§Va 25 ‘rQ>a Ro>dyZ àËòH$ 75
‘rQ>aMr b°Q>ab H$boŠQ>a S>´>oZbm H$mQ>H$moZmV OmoS>mì`mV. EHy$U 30 b°Q>ab Am{U 2 H$boŠQ>a S´>oZ H$mT>ë`mg, Ë`mgmR>r {~Ja
{N>ÐmMr H$moéJoQ>oS> nrìhrgr 80 {‘. ‘r. nmB©n dmnamdm Am{U Ë`mbm 0.3% CVma R>odmdm. Ë`mbm àËòH$ 25 ‘rQ>ada
H$mQ>H$moZmV 75 ‘rQ>a gpÀN>Ð H$moéJoQ>oS> nrìhrgr 80 {‘. ‘r nmB©n Q>rÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo OmoS>mdr. nmB©nÀ`m Imbr XmoZ B§M OmS>rMm
~marH$ dmiyMm Wa Úmdm. Ë`mda nmB©n A§Wamdm. Z§Va bmoI§S>r \«o$‘ dmnê$Z Ë`mda EH$ \$w$Q> é§X, EH$ \w$Q> C§MrMm OmS> dmiyMm
Wa Úmdm. Z§Va Ë`mda 2 B§M OmS>rMm ~marH$ dmiyMm Wa XoD$Z nmB©nMo EH$ Q>moH$ H$boŠQ>a S´>oZbm OmoS>mdoo Am{U Xwgè`m Q>moH$mg
EÊS> H°$n ~gdyZ da ‘mVrZo ~wOdyZ ¿`mdr. àËòH$ Mma b°Q>ab Z§Va 1 nS>VmiUr M|~a H$boŠQ>a S´>oZda ~gdmdm. `mgmR>r
gmS>oVrZ \w$Q> ì`mgmMr Am{U 8 \w$Q> C§MrMr {g‘|Q> nmB©nMm dmna H$amdm. gd© nmUr EH$m BZñnoŠeZ M|~a‘Üò KoD$Z eodQ>r Mma
{‘Q>a ì`mg Am{U 5 {‘Q>a ImobrÀ`m g§ndob ‘Üò Jmoim H$amdo, g§ndob‘Yrb nmUr n§nmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo CMcyZ Z¡g{J©H$ ‘moR>çm
MamV gmoS>mdo. `m `moOZoÀ`m EH$ar IM© énò 22,483 BVH$m òVmo.
A. {ZMam nÕVrMo \$m`Xo
1. {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r `mo½` Ago O{‘ZrV dmVmdaU V`ma H$aVo. O{‘ZrV hdm IoiVr amhÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio
O{‘ZrV AgUmè`m nmofH$ {OdmUy§Mr dmT> hmoVo.
2. {nH$mÀ`m H$m`©j‘ ‘wim§Mr Imobr dmT>br OmD$Z nrH$ Omo‘Xma dmT>Vo.
3. `m nÕVrZo O{‘ZrMr ga§MZm gwYmê$Z nmUr ‘waÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$ò‘Üò dmT> hmoVo.
4. à‘mUera ‘emJV H$aÊ`mg gmoB©ñH$a OmVo.
5. O{‘ZrMo Vmn‘mZ {nH$mg `mo½` Ago amIbo OmVo.
6. O{‘ZrÀ`m ^wn¥ð>mda jma gmR>dÊ`mMr {H«$`m ‘§XmdVo d O‘rZ bmJdS>rg `mo½` hmoVo.
7. dmngm bdH$a Amë`m‘wio bmJdS> bdH$a H$aVm òVo d {~Om§Hw$aU dmT>Ê`mg ‘XV hmoVo.
~§{XñV {ZMam nÜXVr H$m`©j‘ hmoÊ`mgmR>r gm‘y{hH$ à`ËZm§Mr JaO Amho. eoVH$è`m‘Üò g‘Ýd` Agë`mgM Zm{nH$ /
jmanS> / nmUWi O{‘Zr bmJdS>rg `mo½` arVrZo AmnU dmnamV AmUy eH$Vmo. ^{dî`mV àM§S> à‘mUmda hmoUmè`m jmanS>
O{‘ZrÀ`m g‘ñòda Cnm` [H§$dm Ë`mV Xadfu hmoUmè`m àM§S> dmT>rda {Z`§ÌU åhUyZ Am{U CnbãY jmanS> O{‘ZrÀ`m
g‘ñòda ‘mV H$ê$Z Ë`m O{‘Zr bmJdS>rImbr AmUÊ`mgmR>r H¥${Ì‘ {ZMam nÕVrcm n`m©` Zmhr. Aem àH$mao jmanS>,
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 21

nmUWi O{‘Zrg daXmZ R>ê$ nmhUmar ~§{XñV {ZMam àUmbr am~{dVmZm Imbrb ~m~r Ü`mZmV ¿`mì`mV
1. {ZMam nÕVrMo doJdoJio AmamIS>o
gìh©o Ho$ë`mZ§Va g‘nmVirV (H§$Qw>a) ZH$memÀ`m AmYmao eoV O{‘Zr gnmQ>, H$‘r CVma, ‘Ü`‘ CVma qH$dm OmñV
CVmamMr (S>m|Ja CVma) Amho ho g‘Oy eH$Vo. Ë`m AmYmao gnmQ> d H$‘r CVma AgUmè`m O{‘Zrg g‘m§Va {ZMam
àUmbr, ‘Ü`‘ d OmñV CVmamMr O‘rZ Oa ìhr qH$dm `w AmH$mamMr Agboë`m {R>H$mUr hmS>mÀ`m cJVÀ`m
gmnù`mgmaIr {ZMam àUmbr Va H°$Zm°b, Vbmd `m‘YwZ nmPê$Z òUmao nmUr VgoM OmñV CVmamÀ`m O{‘ZrH$Sy>Z
gIb ^mJmH$S>o òUmè`m nmÊ`mg B§Q>agoßQ>a S´>oZ nÕV dmnê$Z O{‘Zr jmanS> nmUWi hmoÊ`mnmgyZ dmMdy eH$Vmo.
2. doJdoJù`m {nH$m§gmR>r Amdí`H$ ^wOb nmVir
doJdoJù`m {nH$m§Mo CËnmXZ KQ>Uma Zmhr. `mgmR>r H$‘rV H$‘r ^wOb nmVir R>a{dbobr AgVo. Vr Imbrb à‘mUo
A.H«$. nrH$ àH$ma O‘rZ àH$ma-nmÊ`mMr nmVir (‘rQ>a)

dmiw`wº$ O‘rZ nmo`Qm`º O‘rZ ^mar H$mir O‘rZ
1 Mmam{nHo$ 0.50 0.60 0.70
2. V¥UYmÝ` {nHo$ 0.60 0.70 0.80
3. D$g, ^mOrnmbm {nHo$ 0.80 0.90 1.0
4. H§$XdJu` [nHo$, Vob{~`m [nHo$ 0.70 0.80 0.90
5. \$i{nHo$ 1.0 1.20 1.40
3. {ZMam nÕVrÀ`m AmCQ>boQ>g§~§Yr ¿`md`mMr H$miOr

AmCQ>boQ>‘YyZ Zmë`m‘Üò nS>Umè`m nmÊ`mbm AS>Wim hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ho AmCQ>boQ> Zmë`m‘Üò AgUmè`m
nmÊ`mÀ`m nmVirÀ`m Zoh‘r 30 Vo 45 g|. ‘r. da Agmdo `mMr XjVm ¿`mdr. AmCQ>boQ> nmB©nÀ`m Q>moH$mbm Omir
~gdmdr åhUOo C§Xra, ~oSy>H$ `mgmaIo àmUr nmB©n‘Üò {eaUma ZmhrV.
4. {ZMam nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r Imobr
‘emJVrgmR>r dmnaë`m OmUmè`m `m§{ÌH$ gmYZm§‘wio gpÀN>Ð nmB©ncm YmoH$m hmoD$ Zò `mgmR>r Ë`m nmB©n H$‘rV H$‘r
90 g|. ‘r. Imobrda JmS>mì`mV.
5. b°Q>ab d H$boŠQ>a nmB©ngmR>r T>mi
gnmQ> O{‘ZrV {ZMamàUmbr dmnaVmZm OmñVrV OmñV CVma {Xë`mg nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoÊ`mg AS>Wim òUma Zmhr.
nU Ë`mM~amo~a Ë`m {ZMam nmB©nMr Imobr 90 g|. ‘r. nojm H$‘r hmoUma Zmhr `mMrhr H$miOr ¿`mdr. {ZMam nmB©ncm
OmñVrV OmñV 2% T>mi Úmdm. nU H$‘rV H$‘r T>mi XoVmZm doJdoJù`m ì`mgmÀ`m nmB©ngmR>r doJdoJim H$‘rV H$‘r
T>mi Úmdm.
nmBn©Mm ì`mg ({‘.‘r.) 80 100 160 200 294 355 455

H$‘rV H$‘r T>mi (%) 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05
6. b°Q>ab d H$boŠQ>a nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r d OmñVrV OmñV bm§~r
gd©gmYmaUnUo {ZMam nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r bm§~r hr Zoh‘r Ë`m XmoZ {ZMam nmB©n‘Yrb A§VamÀ`m XwßnQ> Agmdr
bmJVo. Va OmñVrV OmñV bm§~r 600 ‘rQ>a n`ªV AgVo H$maU T>mi XoVmZm AS>MUr d AmCQ>boQ>Mr pñWVr `mdê$Z
b°Q>abMr OmñVr OmñV bm§~r R>admdr bmJVo.
~. ^wgyYmaH$m§Mm dmna
MmonU O‘rZ gwYmaÊ`mgmR>r {Oßg‘, J§YH$, \o$ag gë\o$Q>, Am`Z© nmàmB©Q>, \$m°ñnmo{Oßg‘ `mgma»`m amgm`{ZH$
^wgyYmaH$m§Mm Cn`moJ H$aVm òVmo.
22 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

1.{Oßg‘
‘mVr n[ajU H$ê$Z {Oßg‘Mr JaO R>a{dë`mZV§a Amdí`H$VM o m AYm© ^mJ {Oßg‘ n{hë`m dfu Am{U Cabb o m AYm©
^mJ {Oßg‘ XmZo dfmZ©V§a eU o IVmV {‘giZw dmnamdm. {Oßg‘‘Üò EH$ Q>ŠŠ`mnj o m OmñV gm{oS>`‘ AmŠ°gmBS©>Mo à‘mU
Agy Z`.o {Oßg‘ nmdS>a O{‘ZrÀ`m nð¥>^mJmda daÀ`m 20 g.| ‘r. WamV MmJ§br {‘giZy ¿`mdr. åhUOo nmdgmZV§a
ânay nmUr {‘giZy {Oßg‘Mr à{H$«`m MmJ§br hmÊo`mg ‘XV hmVo.o {Oßg‘‘Yrb H$°pëe`‘Mr ‘mVrÀ`m {MH$U H$UmZ§m
{MH$Q>bëo`m gm[oS>`‘er à{H$«`m hmDo$Z gm{oS>`‘ gë\$oQ V¶ma hmVo.o gm{oS>`‘ gë\$oQ {dÐmì` Agë`mZo Ë`mMm O{‘ZrVZy
{ZMam hmDo$Z O{‘ZrMm Amåb{dåb {ZXe o© mH§$ H ‘r hmVomo Am{U O{‘ZrMr ^m{¡VH$ OS>U-KS>U gYwmaV.o
2. Am`Z© nmàmB©Q>g
nmàmBQ©>g² (FeS2) Mm dmna MmnoU O{‘Zr gYwmaÊ`mgmR>r hmVom.o Ë`m‘Üò JY§H$ Am{U bmhomMo à‘mU A{YH$ Amh.o
nmàmBQ©>g‘Üò Agbëo`m JY§H$mda nmÊ`mMr d hdVorb AmŠ°grOZMr Vrd« à{H$«`m hmDo$Z JY§H$ Amåb V`ma hmVo.o Ë`m‘i w o
O{‘ZrV gYwmaUm hmVo.o `mgmR>r A‘Pmaor nmàmBQ©>gM ² m dmna à^mdembr Agë`mMo {gÕ Pmbo Amh.o A‘Pmaor nmàmBQ©>g²
O{‘Zr‘Üò KmVë`mZV§a Ë`m‘Üò Agbëo`m JY§H$mda nmÊ`mMr d hdVorb AmŠ°grOZMr à{H$«`m hmDo$Z JY§H$ Amåb Am{U
bmhomMo gë\$oQ> V`ma hmVo.o `m~am~oa Wm`m~og°rbg `m O{¡dH$mMm d g{|Ð` IVmMm dmna H$oë`mg hr {H$«`m ObX hmÊo`mg
‘XV hmVo.o bmhomMr gë\$oQ>da nÝwhm à{H$«`m hmDo$Z Ë`mnmgZyhr JY§H$ Amåb V`ma hmVo.o nmàmBQ©>g² + nmUr + Am[°ŠgOZ
= bmhomMo gë\$oQ> + JY§H$ Amåb, bmhomMo gë\$oQ> + nmUr = bmhomMo hm`S>´mŠ°gmBS©> + JY§H$ Amåb Aem arVrZo V`ma
Pmbb o o JY§H$ Amåb O{‘ZrVrb MZwIS>rda à{H$«`m H$aVo d Ë`mMo H$°pëe`‘ gë\$oQ> ~Z{dV.o MZwIS>r + JY§H$ Amåb =
{Oßg‘ + nmUr + H$m~Z©S>m` AmŠ°gmBS©>, gXa H$°pëe`‘ gë’$oQ> ({Oßg‘) ‘Yrb H$°pëe`‘Mo O{‘ZrVrb gm{oS>`‘er
{dZr‘` hmDo$Z gm{oS>`‘ gë\$oQ> V`ma hmVo.o Vo nmÊ`mV {daKiUmao Agë`mZo nmÊ`m~am~oa Ë`mMm {ZMam hmDo$Z O{‘ZrVrb
gm{oS>`‘Mo à‘mU H$‘r hmVo.o gmYmaUV… 2 Vo 4 Q>Z à{V hŠoQ>ar nmàmBQ©>Mr ‘mÌm MmnoU O{‘Zr gYwmaÊ`mgmR>r \$m`Xe o ra
R>aV.o nmàmBQ©>Mm dmna H$aÊ`mndyu O{‘Zrg hbH$o nmUr XDo$Z nmàmBQ©> O{‘Zrda EH$gmaIo {‘giZy Q>mH$md.o
H$. O{‘ZrMo ì`dñWmnZ
1. O{‘ZrMo gnmQ>rH$aU
CM
§ gIb qH$dm A{V MT> CVmamÀ`m O{‘ZrgmR>r gnmQ>rH$aU H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amh.o eVomV CM § dQ>çmMo {R>H$mUr
nmUr nmhoMV Zmhr qH$dm H$‘r à‘mUmV nmhoMVo d gIb ^mJmV Vo dmOdr nj o m OmñV à‘mUmV gmR>V.o dmOdrnj o m OmñV
CVma Agb o Va dmâ`mV {H$d§m gè`mV {Xbb o o nmUr CVmamMo {XeZoo {ZKZy OmVo d gè`mZ§m qH$dm dmâ`mZ§m nmUr H$‘r
CnbãY hmVo.o jma Agbëo`m O{‘ZrV d nmÊ`mMr nmVir Á`m O{‘ZrV OmñV dmT>bb o r Amho Ë`m {R>H$mUr nmUr gmMy
XDo$ Z`.o nmdgmMo nmUr gÕ
w m CVmamMo {XeZoo MmarV gmSo>Uo JaOM
o o Amh.o Ë`m‘iw o ^mar O{‘ZrV 0.05 Vo 0.25%, ‘Ü`‘
O{‘ZrV 0.20 Vo 0.40% d hbŠ`m, aVomS> O{‘ZrV 0.25 Vo 0.35% CVma g‘mYmZH$maH$ AgVm.o
2. nmUr {Z`moOZ
O{‘ZrMr jmaVm H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r d jmanS> O{‘ZrMr gYwmaUm Pmë`mZV§a O{‘ZrV nmÊ`mMr nmVir dmT>y Zò
`mgmR>r A{V[aº$ nmÊ`mMm dmna H$‘r H$obm nm{hO.o {R>~H$ qgMZmgmaIo à^mdr VÌ§ dmnabo nm{hO.o {R>~H$ qgMZmVZy
^Jy^mV©rc ‘Mi w AWdm ImadQ> nmÊ`mMm Cn`mJo H$m`j © ‘[aË`m H$aVm `Vom.o nmÊ`mMr àV, jmamMo à‘mU, {dÐmì` jma
2000 {‘brJ‘°« / {bQ>a qH$dm 3.12 S>gorgm`‘Z/‘rQ>a n`Vª Agë`mg Vo nmUr {R>~H$ qgMZmgmR>r dmnaVm `Vo,o `m
gM§ m‘iw o hmU
o mao Amb
o rV jÌo ho EH$‘Ho$md§a 20% PmH$bo OmUo JaOM o o Amh.o `mV VmQo>rOdi gVV Amc
o mdm {Q>H$yZ amhVm.o
Ë`m‘iw o ImadQ> nmÊ`mVrb jmamM § r VrdV«m H$‘r hmVo.o Ë`mH$[aVm VmQo>rOdi {nH$mMr bmJU H$aUo \$m`ÚmMr R>aV.o
3. O{‘ZrMr ‘emJV
O{‘ZrV Imb
o da ‘emJV H$oë`m‘i w o O{‘ZrV hdm Iio Vr amhZÿ nmUr ‘awÊ`mMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo d nð¥>^mJmdarb jma
Imbo da OmÊ`mg ‘XV hmVo.o MmnoU qH$dm ^mar H$mù`m O{‘ZrV g~gm`°bagmaIo AmO ¡ mamÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Imb
o da ZmJ§aUr
H$aVm `Vo.o
4. {nH$mMr \o$anmbQ> d {ZdS>
O{‘ZrMr g‘ñ`m H$‘r H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo EH$M nrH$ dmad§ma Z KVom \$oanmbQ> H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgV.o Zho‘r
AmS>gmbr D$g bmdÊ`mnj
o m Iarn hJ§m‘mV gmòm~rZ, ^Bw‘©Jy `mgmaIr {nH$o {edm` VmJ, edoar `mgmaIr {hadirMr IVo
KVoë`mg g‘ñ`m H$‘r hmDo$ eH$V.o VgM
o O{‘ZrV gVV nrH$ ¿`md.o O{‘Zr nS>rH$ amhÿ Z`.o Á`mdi o r nrH$ KU
o o eŠ`
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 23

Zgbo Ë`mdi o r ~agr‘, cgU
y Kmg, na°mJm«g, H$aZmb JdV bmdmd.o {edm` jma à{VH$maj‘Vm Agbëo`m {nH$mM
§ r {ZdS>
H$aUo \$m`ÚmMo R>aV.o
5. ‘mVr n[ajU
Iam~ O{‘ZrMo ì`dñWmnZ H$aÊ`mndyu `m O{‘Zr H$mUoË`m nH«$maÀ`m AmhVo Ë`mMr VnmgUr H$amdr d ZV§a gYwmaUM
o o
Cnm` H$amdVo. IVmM
§ r ‘mÌm gÕ
w m ‘mVr n[ajU H$ê$Z ÚmdrV.
6. amgm`{ZH$ IVo
jma d {M~S> O{‘ZrVZy ZÌmMm ~è`mM à‘mUmV èhmg hmVom.o Ë`mgmR>r ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm 25 Q>¸$o OmñV XUoo \$m`ÚmMo
R>aV.o Ë`m{edm` ñ\$waX, bmho d OñVmMr H$‘VaVm gÕ w m AmT>iV.o Ë`mgmR>r H$§nmñoQ> IVmgm~oV amgm`{ZH$ IVo dmnaUo
JaOM o o AgV.o Ë`m‘i
w o O{‘ZrMr gnwrH$Vm {Q>H$dVm `Vo.o
7. H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMaMm dmna
jmanS> O{‘Zr gYwmaUgomR>r AZHo$ ‘mJmM © m EH${ÌVnUo Adb~§ H$amdm bmJVm.o H$§nmñoQ> H$ëMaMm dmna H$ê$Z
eVomVrb nmMQ>, JìhmMo H$mS>, ^mVmMo qnOa, H$mS>rH$Mam dJa¡o Q>mH$mD$ g{|Ð` nXmWmn©mgZy H$§nmñoQ> IV V`ma H$amd.o `m
IVmMm jmanS> O{‘ZrV dmna H$oë`mZo ‘mVr H$UmM § r ga§MZm ~XbVo Am{U hdm + nmUr `mM § o à‘mU à‘mUera hmVo.o
n[aUm‘V… OmXm nmUr {ZMam hmU o go ‘XV hmVo.o
jmanS> hmDo$ KmVbëo`m O{‘Zr gYwmaUgomR>r H$‘r IMmV©rb AP ° mQo>m~oŠ°Q>a, am`Pm{o~`‘ `mgma»`m {OdmUM §y m dmna H$aUo
JaOMo o Amh.o ho {OdmUy hd‘oYrb ZÌ {nH$mZ§m ‘i w mdmQ>o CnbãY H$ê$Z XVomV. jma O{‘ZrV edoar, YM §¡ m hr {nH$o MmJ§br
dmT>VmV d ZÌ pñWa H$aVmV. {edm` jma emfoZy KVomV åhUZy jma`ºw$ O{‘Zr gYwmaÊ`mMm hm gÕ w m CÎm‘ Cnm¶ Amh.o
O{‘Zr jma`wº$ qH$dm MmonU hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1. O{‘Zr gnmQ> Agmì`mV d ~mY§~{§XñVr H$amdr.
2. O{‘Zr‘Üò nmUr gmR>dZy amhUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
3. O{‘ZrVZy nmÊ`mMm {ZMam MmJ§bm hmÊo`mgmR>r `m½o` AV§amda Ma H$mT>mdVo
4. O{‘ZrVZy nmÊ`mMr nmVir 2 ‘rQ>aÀ`m Imbr R>domdr.
5. {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r Oéarà‘mUM
o nmUr Úmd.o {defoV… D$g {nH$mg IV d nmUr `m½o` à‘mUmV Úmd.o
6. Amnë`m ^mJmVZy H$mbdm dmhV Agë`mg Ë`m‘YZy nmUr {Pany XDo$ Z`.o
7. O{‘Zr‘Üò g{|Ð` nXmW© d {hadirMo IVo dmnê$Z ‘mVrMr KS>U MmJ§br R>domdr. Ë`m‘i w o hdm Ii
o Vr amhVo d ÁmmXm
nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmÊo`mgmR>r ‘XV hmVo.o
8. {d{harMo nmUr OmñV ImadQ> Agë`mg {Z¶{‘V O{‘Zrg dmné Z`.o
9. ‘mVr d nmUr Zho‘r VnmgZy O{‘ZrMo ^m{¡VH$ Am{U amgm`{ZH$ ~Xb `m~Ôb ‘X¥emókmH§$S>yZ ‘m{hVr {‘idU.o
10. gúy‘ ObqgMZ d Vfwma qgMZ nÕVrMm Adb~§ H$amdm.
11. jma d MmnoU`ºw$ O{‘ZrgmR>r Imbrb à_mUo {nH$mM § r gd§XoZerbVZogwma {ZdS> H$amdr.
jma d MmnoU O{‘ZrgmR>r {nH$mM

§ r gd§XoZercVm
{nH$mMm àH$ma jma g§doXZerb ‘Ü`‘ ghZerb OmñV ghZerb
AÞYmÝ` {nHo$ CS>rX, Vya, haâm, ‘wJ, dmQ>mUm, Jhy, ~mOar, ‘H$m, ‘mohar, H$aS>B©, D$g, H$mnyg, ^mV, Ádmar
Vri gmo`m~rZ, Ea§S>r, gw`©\y$b, Odg
^mOrnmbm {nHo$ Mdir, ‘wim, lmdUKodS>m H$m§Xm, ~Q>mQ>m, H$mo~r, nmbH$, ewJa{~Q>
Q>mo‘°Q>mo, JmOa
\$i~mJm {nHo$ Am§~m, qb~ydJu` \$iPmS>o {MHy$, S>mqi~, A§Ora, noê$, Ðmjo Zmai, ~moa, IOwa, Amdim
dZ {nHo$ gmJ, {gag, qMM qb~, ~m^wi {dbm`Vr ~m^wi, gwé,
{gg‘, {Zb{Jar
Mmam {nHo$ ãë`w n°{ZH$, nm§T>ao d Vm§~S>o n°amJdV, Om`§Q> JdV, gwXmZ JdV bgyUKmg ~agr‘, èhmoS>g
âbmoAa JdV, ~a‘wS>m, H$aZmb JdV
24 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H¥$[f g§emoYZ H|$X«, H$g~o {S>J«O òWrb {e\$maer
1 ^mar H$mù`m jma`wº$-MmonU O{‘ZrMr gwYmaUm H$aUogmR>r gpÀN>Ð nmB©n ^w{‘JV {ZMam àUmbr (1.25 ‘rQ>a Imobr,
2 nmB©n ‘Yrb A§Va 25 ‘rQ>a Am{U {Oßg‘ Amdí`H$VoZwgma 50%), {Oßg‘ d {hadirMo Y¢Mm nrH$ `m§Mm EH$mpË‘H$
dmna \$m`Xoera AmT>iyZ Ambm Amho.
2 jma`wº$-MmonU O{‘ZrV {Zb{Jar, gw~m^yi, gwê$ Am{U am‘H$mR>r ~m^yi `m PmS>m§Mr Mm§Jbr dmT> hmoVo. na§Vw qMM,
~moa, eodJm, qb~ Am{U H$a§O `m PmS>m§Mr dmT> Anojoà‘mUo hmoV Zmhr.
3 H$g~o {S>J«O n[agamVrb jmanS> O{‘ZrVrb nmÊ`mMr nmVir dmT>ë`m‘wio O{_Zr Iam~ Pmë`m AmhoV. nmdgmù`mV `m
jmam§Mo à‘mU H$‘r Pmbobo Am{U CÝhmù`mV dmT>bobo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
4. jma`wº$-MmonU Am{U XbXbrÀ`m O{‘ZrV H$aZmb JdVmMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. H$aZmb JdVmbm à{V hoŠQ>ar 25 {H$bmo
ZÌ Am{U CÝhmù`mV nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
IVo
dfm©Zwdf©o O{‘ZrV KoV Agcoë`m {nH$m§‘wio Am{U A{YH$ CËnmXZ XoUmè`m {nH$m§À`m ZdrZ dmUm§‘wio O{‘ZrVrb
AÞÐì`m§Mm gmR>m {Xdg|{Xdg H$‘r hmoV Amho. O{‘ZrV AÞÐì`m§Mo à‘mU `mo½` R>odÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY EH$mpË‘H$ IVm§Mm
g§Vw{cV dmna H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
g|{Ð` IVo
dZñnVr Am{U àmUr `m§À`m AdeofmnmgyZ go|[Ð` IVo {‘iVmV. go|[Ð` IVm§Mo à‘wI XmoZ àH$ma AmhoV.
1. âIVo … `m‘Üò nmofUÐì`m§Mo à‘mU H$‘r Agë`mZo âIVo amgm`{ZH$ IVmnojm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmnamdr bmJVmV.
VgoM hr IVo {nH$m§Zm gmdH$menUo bmJy nS>VmV. âIVo dmnaë`mZo O{‘ZrÀ`m àmH¥${VH$ JwUY‘m©V gwYmaUm hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio
O{‘ZrMr KS>U gwYmaVo, ObYmaUeº$s dmT>Vo d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm H$m`©j‘ dmna hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. O{‘ZrMo Amamo½`
gwYmaVo.
2. OmoaIVo … `m‘Ü¶o nmofUÐì`mMo à‘mU âIVm§nojm A{YH$ AgVoo. Ë`m‘wio hr IVo H$‘r à‘mUmV Úmdr bmJVmV. CXm. gd©
àH$maÀ`m n|S>r, hmS>m§Mm Mwam, ‘mgir IV BË`mXr.
g|{Ð` IVmVrb à‘wI AÞÐì¶m§Mo à‘mU

A. Z§. IVmMo Zm§d AÞÐì`m§Mo à‘mU (Q>¸o$)
ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
1 H§$nmoï 0.80 0.65 1.00
2 b|S>r IV 0.60 0.50 0.70
3 H$m|~S>r IV 3.03 2.63 1.40
4 eoUIV 0.56 0.35 0.78
5 gmoZIV 1.30 1.10 0.35
6 ^wB©‘yJ n|S >7.10 1.40 1.30
7 gaH$s n|S> 6.40 2.80 2.50
8 Ea§S>r n|S >4.50 1.70 0.70
9 qb~moir n|S >5.00 1.00 1.50
10 H$a§O n|S> 3.90 0.90 1.20
11 H$aS>B© n|S> 4.90 1.40 1.20
12 hmS>Mwam 3.50 21.5 00.0
13 ‘mgir IV 4.10 0.90 0.30
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 25

{hadirÀ`m IVmgmR>r VmJ, edoar, Mdir, Jdma qH$dm YM¢m hr {nH$o ¿`mdrV d Vr naoUrZV§a EH$ Vo XrS> ‘{hÝ`mZ§r O{‘ZrV
JmS>mdrV. {Jarnîwn d g~wmî
y `mM§m H$mdoim nmbm gÕ w m {hadirÀ`m IVmgmR>r dmnamdm. {hadirÀ`m IVmnmgZy hŠoQ>ar 60-90
{H$bmo ZÌ {‘iV.o {Oam`V / H$maoS>dmhÿ jÌomV 5 Q>Z / hŠoQ>a Am{U ~mJm`V jÌomV 10 Q>Z / hŠoQ>a g{|Ð` IVo ÚmdrV.
g|{Ð` IVm§Mr JwUdÎmm R>a{dUmar à‘mUHo$

A.Z. g|{Ð` IVmVrb KQ>H$ à‘mU
1. g|{Ð` IVmMm a§J ^waH$Q> H$mim Vn{H$ar
2. dmg ‘mVH Q
3. H$Um§Mm AmH$ma 5 Vo 10 {‘br. ‘rQ>a
4. gm‘y 6.5 Vo 7.5
5. H$~© / ZÌ JwUmoÎma à‘mU 20 nojm H$‘r d 10 nojm OmñV
6. ObYmaUj‘Vm 30% nojm OmñV
7. EHy$U jmam§Mo à‘mU 2-5 S>o{g gm`‘Z à{V ‘r.
8. OrdmUy§Mo à‘mU
A) {OdmUy (g§»`m à{V J«°‘) 10 x 109 gr.E\$.`w.
~) A°pŠQ>Zmo‘m`{g{Q>O² (g§»`m à{V J«°‘) 10 x 108 gr.E\$.`w.
H$) ~waer (g§»`m à{V J«°‘) H$mo~mëQ> 1 J«°‘
10 x 106 gr.E\$.`w.
‘m°b
rãS
mo
H$b
>oZ‘
{
2.3
5.6
J
mo
ZÌ
«°‘
~moam {H$b
°Z 2
0J X 3.5
«°‘ ñ’w$a
EH$ Q>Z
Vm§~o 15.6 J«°‘ eoU IV nmbme 7.8 {H
$bmo
J§Y
H$
J«°‘
1{
0
H$b
oh 8
‘§Jb 2
6 J«°‘
mo
bm
OñV 9
00 J«°‘
EH$ Q>Z eoUIVmnmgyZ {‘iUmar AÞÐìò

amgm`{ZH$ IVo
amgm`{ZH$ IVo, {‘lIVo `mVrb à‘wI AÞÐì`m§Mo eoH$S>m n«‘mU
A) à‘wI AÞÐì¶o nwa{dUmar IVo
A. IVmMo Zm§dAÞÐì`m§Mo à‘mU (%)
H«$. ZÌ ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S>
A ZÌ`wº$ IVo
1. A‘mo{Z`‘ gë\o$Q> 20.6 - -
2. H°$pëe`‘ A‘mo{Z`‘ Zm`Q´>oQ> 25.0 - -
26Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

3. A‘mo{Z`‘ gë’o$Q> Zm`Q´>oQ> 26.0 - -
4. `w[a`m 46.0 - -
~ ñ\w$aX`wº$ IVo
1. qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q - 16.0 -
2. {Q´>nb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> - 42.5 -
3. S>m`H°$pëe`‘ \$m°ñ\o$Q - 26.0 -
H nmbme`wº$ IVo
1. å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e - - 58.0
2. gë\$o$Q> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e - - 48.0
S g§`wº$ IVo
1. Zm`Q´>mo \$m°ñ\o$Q 20.0 20.0 0.0
2. Zm`Q´>mo \$m°ñ\o$Q> (nmoQ>°egh) 15.0 15.0 15.0
3. ‘moZmo A‘mo{Z`‘ \$m°ñ\o$Q> 11.0 55.0 0.0
4. S>m` A‘mo{Z`‘ \$m°ñ\o$Q> 18.0 46.0 0.0
~) gyú‘ AÞÐìò nwa{dUmar amgm`{ZH$ IVo

A.Z§. IVm§Mo Zm§d AÞÐì` eoH$S>m à‘mU
1. \o$ag gë\o$Q> bmoh 20.00
2. A‘mo{Z`‘ \o$ag gë\o$Q> bmoh 14.00
3. ‘±JZrO gë\o$Q > ‘§Jb 24.30
4. ~moa°Šg ~moam°Z 11.00
5. ~moarH$ A°{gS> ~moam°Z 17.00
6. A‘mo{Z`‘ ‘m°{bãS>oQ> ‘m°{bãS>oZ‘ 54.00
7. H$m°na gë\o$Q> Vm§~o 25.00
8. qPH$ gë\o$Q> OñV 22.00
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 27

A.Z§. gyyú‘ AÞÐìò {g‘m§V ‘`m©Xm ({‘br J«°‘ àVr {H$bmo)
1. OñV 0.6
2. bmoh 4.5
3. ‘±JoZrO 2.0
4. H$m°na 0.2
5. ~moam°Z 0.5
6. ‘m°{bãS>oZ‘ 0.05
O{‘ZrVZy gúy‘ AÞÐìò bmho 2 Q>¸$o, ‘J§b 1 Q>¸$o, OñV 5 Q>¸$o, Vm~§o 0.5 Q>¸$o Am{U ~maomZ° 1 Q>¸$o hr amgm`{ZH$
n[ajUmZgwma ÚmdVo. AWdm gúy‘ AÞÐì`m‘§Üò bmho (2.5%), ‘J§b (1%), OñV (3%), Vm~§o (1%), ‘m{°bãS>Zo‘
(0.1%) Am{U ~maomZ° (0.5%) `mMo {‘lU AYm© Q>¸$o H$‘VaVZogwma nmZmda \$dmaUrÛmao Úmd.o darb gúy‘ AÞXì«`,o g[|Ð`
IVo {‘giZy O{‘ZrVZy VgM o {nH$mda {MbQo>So> ñdê$nmVgÕ w m \$dmaUrÛmao XVom `Vorb. Yi
w o Am{U gb§ ¾ ^mJmV hbŠ`m d ‘Ü`‘
O{‘ZrV ^Bw‘©JymMo (\$wbo nJ«Vr) CËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r hŠoQ>ar 5 {H$bmo ~maoŠ°g O{‘ZrVZy XÊo`mMr {e\$mag H$obr Amh.o
1) OñVmMr H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m ‘Ü`‘ Vo Imb o H$mù`m O{‘ZrV Jhÿ Am{U gmòm~rZ {nH$mÀ`m An{ojV CËnmXZmgmR>r ZÌ,
ñ\$waX d nmbme IVmÀ`m {e\$maerV ‘mÌo gm~oV à{V hŠoQ>ar 20 {H$bmo qPH$ gë\$oQ> eU o IVmVZy Úmd.o
2) OñVmMr H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m ‘Ü`‘ Imb o H$mù`m O{‘ZrV ha^è`mÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r à{V hŠoQ>ar 20 {H$bmo qPH$
gë\$Qo> Am{U 2 Q>Z JmS§>wiIV {e\$magrV IV ‘mÌ~oam~oa XÊo`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV `Vo Amh.o
3) npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´mVrb bmhomMr H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m O{‘ZrV hŠoQ>ar 20 {H$bmo \$oag gë\$oQ> ({hamH$g) {e\$maerV
IV ‘mÌ~oam~oa (100…50…50 ZÌ…ñ\$waX…nmbme + 10 Q>Z eU o IV à{V hŠoQ>ar) H$mX§m {nH$mÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ d
Zâ`mgmR>r {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV `Vo Amh.o
4) OñVmMr H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m hbŠ`m (H$‘r Imb o rÀ`m) O{‘ZrV Iarn H$mX§m {nH$mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r ZÌ,
ñ\$waX d nmbme `m IVmÀ§`m {e\$magrV ‘mÌo ~am~oa (ZÌ, ñ\$waX, nmbme 100…50…50 {H$bmo d 10 Q>Z eU o IV à{V
hŠoQ>a) 20 {H$bmo qPH$ gë\$oQ>Mr ‘mÌm O{‘ZrVZy à{V hŠoQ>ar XÊo`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV `Vo Amh.o
5) bmho Am{U OñV `m gúw‘ AÝZÐì`mM § r H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m ‘X¡mZr {d^mJmVrb O{‘Zr‘Ü`,o aã~r KdoS>m {nH$mÀ`m A{YH$
CËnmXZ d Am{WH©$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r {e\$magrV IV ‘mÌ~oam~oa (60 {H$bmo ZÌ Am{U 80 {H$bmo ñ\$waX à{V hŠoQ>ar) naoUrZV§a
30 Am{U 45 {XdgmZ§r 0.5 Q>ŠH$o \$oag gë\$oQ> ({hamH$g) Am{U 0.5 Q>ŠH$o qPH$gë\$oQ>Mr \$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag
H$aÊ`mV `Vo Amh.o6) OñVmMr H$‘VaVm Agbëo`m O{‘Zr‘Ü`{oMH$wMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{WH©$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r 0.5
Q>¸$o qPH$ gë\$oQ> ÐmdUmMr gßQ>~|a \$wbYmaUÀo`m di o r \$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV `Vo Amh.o
amgm`{ZH$ IVo Aer ÚmdrV

1) gd© ZÌ`wº$ IVmMr ‘mÌm EH$mM doir Z XoVm doJdoJù`m doir {d^mJyZ Úmdr. O{‘ZrV KmVbobo ZÌ CSy>Z AWdm dmhÿZ
OmD Zò `mH$[aVm nmÊ`mÀ`m nmirda {Z`§ÌU R>odmdo.
2) IV {nH$m§À`m Amoir‘YyZ AWdm amonm^modVr Úmdo. amonm§er Ë`mMm àË`j g§~§Y òD$ Xody Zò.
3) IV Amobga Agë`mg, IV H$moaS>çm ‘mVrV qH$dm aoVrV {‘giyZ dmnamdo.
4) IVo XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo noê$Z ÚmdrV. åhUOo Vr {nH$m§À`m ‘wim§À`m ImbÀ`m WamV CnbãY hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mm
Cn`moJ hmoB©b.
5) H$mhr à‘mUmV ZÌ`wº$ IVo VgoM gyú‘ AÞÐìò nwadUmar IVo H$_VaVoZwgma \$dmaUr H$ê$Z XoIrb XoVmV.
6) noaUrÀ`mdoir IVo d {~`mUo EH$mM doir noaUr `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo {Xë`mg A{YH$ \$m`Xoera R>aVmV.
7) S>mÀ‘mo{Z`‘ \$m°ñ\o$Q> 2% (200 J«°‘ + 10 {bQ>a nmUr) \$dmaUrÛmao {Xë`mg \$m`ÚmMo R>aVo.
8) ^mV {nH$mg Zm`Q´>oQ> IVo XoD$ ZòV. AÞÐì`m§À`m H$m`©j‘ dmnamgmR>r ^mV eoVrV ZÌ d ñ\w$aXÀ`m Jmoù`m hoŠQ>ar
({~«Ho$Q>) 169 {H$bmo XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Amho. {~«Ho$Q>‘YyZ 59 {H$bmo ZÌ + 31 {H$bmo ñ\$waX à{V hoŠQ>ar {‘iVo.
9) MyZIS>r`wº$ O{‘ZrV `w[a`m / A‘mo{Z`‘ gë\$oQ> O{‘ZrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmdéZ XoD$ Zò.
28 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

EH$mpË‘H$ AÞÐìò ì`dñWmnZ
AÞYmÝ`mÀ`m ñdmdb§~ZmgmR>r àm‘w»`mZo (1) g§H$[aV dmU (2) amgm`{ZH$ IVo (3) {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ (4) qgMZ nmUr
dmna (5) AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZ `m Jmoï>r H$maUr^yV R>aë`m. `mV nmUr d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm Ag§Vw[bV dmna Pmbm. Ë¶m‘wio
O{‘ZrMr gw{nH$Vm d CËnmXH$Vm Imbmdbr. åhUyZ EH$mpË‘H$ AÞÐìò ì`dñWmnZmMr JaO Amho. Ë`m‘Üò àm‘w»`mZo -
1. O{‘ZrMo O¡{dH$, ^m¡{VH$ d amgm`{ZH$ JwUY‘© {Q>H${dÊ`mg go§{Ð` IVm§Mm d {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm.
2. ‘mVr n[ajUmZwgma {nH$m§À`m Ano{jV CËnmXZ gwÌmZwgma amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm g§Vw{bV d `mo½` nÕVrZo dmna H$amdm.
3. {OdmUy IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm.
4. `mo½` nrH$ nÜXVr, H$S>YmÝ`, V¥UYmÝ`, J{iVYmÝ`m§Mm A§V^m©d \o$anmbQ>rV H$amdm Am{U amgm`{ZH$ /gyú‘ AÞÐìò
IVm§Mm `mo½` n«H$mao dmna H$amdm.
AÞÐì`m§À`m H$‘VaVo‘wio {nH$mda {XgUmar bjUo d Ë`mdarb Cnm`
AÞÐìò AÞÐì`m§À`m H$‘VaVo‘wio {XgyZ òUmar bjUo Cnm`

ZÌ PmS>mMr ImbMr nmZo {ndir hmoVmV ‘wimMr d 1% `w[a`mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
PmS>m§Mr dmT> Wm§~Vo, \w$Q> d \$io H$‘r òVmV. (100 J«°‘ + 10 {bQ>a nmUr)
ñ\$waX nmZo {hadQ> bm§~Q> hmoD$Z dmT> Iw§Q>Vo, nmZmMr ‘mJrb 1% S>mÀ‘mo{Z`‘ \$m°ñ\o$Q>Mr \$dmaUr $H$amdr.
~mOy Om§îQ> hmoVo.
nmbme nmZm§À`m H$S>m Vm§~Q>ga hmoD$Z nmZm§da Vm§~S>o d {ndio 0.5% gë\o$Q> Am°\$ nmoQ>°eMr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
{R>nHo$ nS>VmV. ImoS> AmIyS> hmodyZ e|S>o JiyZ nS>VmV. (50 J«°‘ + 10 {bQ>a nmUr)
bmoh e|S>çmH$S>rb nmZm§À`m {eam‘Yrb ^mJ {ndim hmoVmo. 0.5% {hamH$gMr AWdm \$o$ag A‘mo{Z`‘
PmS>m§Mr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo gë\o$Q>Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
~moam°Z PmS>mMm e|S>m d H$modir nmZo nm§T>aQ> hmoD$Z ‘aVmV. 5 Vo 10 J«°‘ ~moarH$ A°{gS> nmdS>aMr 10 {bQ>a
gwaHw$Ë`m nSy>Z {ndio MÅ>o nS>VmV. \$imda Vm§~S>o nmÊ`mVyZ nmZmda \$dmaUr H$amdr.
{R>nHo$ nSy>Z ôJm nS>VmV.
OñV nmZo bhmZ hmoD$Z {eam‘Yrb ^mJ {ndim hmoVmo d nmZo hoŠQ>ar 10 Vo 20 {H$bmo [P§H$ gë\o$Q> O{‘ZrVyZ
{R>H${R>H$mUr dmibobo {XgVmV. XoUo qH$dm 50 Vo 100 J«°_ qPH$ gë\o$Q> 10 {b.
nmÊ`mVyZ {nH$mda \$dmamdo.
‘§Jb nmZm§À`m {eam {haì`m d {eam‘Yrb ^mJ H«$‘mH«$‘mZo hoŠQ>ar 10 Vo 25 {H$bmo ‘±JoZrO gë\o$Q> O{‘ZrVyZ
{ndim hmoVmo d Z§Va nm§T>aQ> d H$aS>m hmoVmo, g§nyU© nmZ Úmdo qH$dm 1% ‘±JoZrO gë\o$Q> \$dmamdo.
{\$H$Q> hmodyZ Z§Va nmZ JiVo. (100 J°«_ + 10 {bQ>a nmUr)
‘m°{bãS>oZ‘ nmZo {ndir hmoD$Z Ë`mda Vn{H$ar {R>nHo$ nS>VmV. hoŠQ>ar nmd Vo AYm© {H$bmo gmo{S>`‘ ‘m°{bãS>oQ>
nmZmÀ`m ‘mJÀ`m ~mOyZo Vn{H$ar qS>H$mgmaIm Ðì¶ O{‘ZrVyZ Úmdo.
ódVo.
Vm§~o PmS>m§À`m e|S>çmMr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo, PmS>m§Zm S>m`~°H$ ‘moaMyX 40 J«°‘ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
ZmdmMm amoJ hmoVmo. ImoS>mMr dmT> H$‘r hmoVo, nmZo
bJoM JiVmV.
J§YH$ PmS>m§À`m nmZm§Mm ‘wiMm {hadm a§J H$‘r H$‘r hmoVmo d hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 40 {H$bmo J§YH$ O{‘ZrVyZ Úmdo.
Z§Va nmZo nyU© {ndir nm§T>ar nS>VmV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 29

‘mVr n[ajU d nrH$ à{VgmX AmYmao IVm§À`m g‘rH$aUmÛmao {e\$maer
gÜ`m {e\$mag Ho$boë`m IVm§À`m {e\$maer gd© àH$maÀ`m O{‘ZrgmR>r gma»`mM AgVmV. `m {e\$maer H$aVmZm {nH$m§Mo
gwYm[aV dmU d Ë`m§Mr JaO VgoM O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY AÞÐìò d {nH$m§Mr JaO `mMm {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
‘hmË‘m ’w$bo H¥$[f {dÚmnrR>m‘Üò ‘mVr n[ajUmda AmYm[aV IVm§À`m {e\$maer d Ano{jV CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ`mMo V§Ì
{dH${gV Ho$bo Amho. g§emoYZmA§Vr {d{dY {nH$m§Mo Ano{jV CËnmXZ `m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z IVm§À`m ‘mÌm {H$Vr Úmì`mV ho
R>a{dVm òVo.
Imbr {Xbobr g‘rH$aUo d Ë`mÛmao H$mT>boë`m IVm§À`m ‘mÌm `m n[ajUmÀ`m ‘mÌm H$mën[ZH$ J¥hrV YéZ H$mT>ë`m
AmhoV. àË`j ‘mVr narjUmdê$Z IVm§À`m ‘mÌm g‘rH$aUmÛmao H$mT>mì`mV.
1. ~mOar
O‘rZ - ‘Ü¶‘ H$mir ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 200 {H$bmo, 12 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 550 {H$bmo nmbme/ho³Q>a
‘mVr n[ajU Am{U An{ojV
A. CËnmXZ g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao
H«$. g‘rH$aUo $ 30 q¹$Q>b/h.o~mOargmR>r bmJUmar
AÞÐìò, IVo,
{H$./ho. {H$./ho.
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.31 x Ano{jV - (0.38 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 23 50
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.38 x Ano{jV - (4.11 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
ñ\w$aX Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) Am° Š gmB© S > 52 325
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.65 x Ano{jV (0.068 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme å`waoQ>
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
12.9 20
2. Iarn Ádmar
O‘rZ-^mar d H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 200 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 600 {H$bmo
nmbme/hoŠQ>a
‘mVr n[ajU Am{U An{ojV CËnmXZ
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 50 q¹$Q>b/
H«$. g‘rH$aUo h.oIarn Ádmar gmR>r bmJUmar
AÞÐìò, {H$./ho. IVo, {H$./ho.
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 37 80.4
ñ\w$aX Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 13.34 83.4
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.34 x Ano{jV (0.22 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> nmoQ>°e
35 58.3
30Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

3. aã~r Ádmar
O‘rZ-^mar d H$mir,‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 200 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 450 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 50 q¹$Q>b/ h.o
H«$. g‘rH$aUo aã~r ÁdmargmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 81 176.0
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 39.94 249.6
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 19 nmoQ>°e 32
4. Jhÿ
O‘rZ-^mar d H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 190 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 500 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
H«$. g‘rH$aUo JìhmgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 199 431
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.90 x Ano{jV -(2.88 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 54 >282
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹§$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 2.05 nmoQ>°e 3.41
5. CÝhmir ^wB©‘yJ
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 180 {H$bmo, 15 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 450 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
H«$. g‘rH$aUo CÝhmir ^Bw‘©JwmgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 53.4 115.8
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (8.23 x Ano{jV - (6.15 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 54 966.56
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 51.6 nmoQ>°e 85.9
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 31

6. Vya
O‘rZ-^mar H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 180 {H$bmo, 10 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 600 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
H«$. g‘rH$aUo VawrgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 15 32.55
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 67.10 419.37
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> nmoQ>°e
24.6 40.98
7. haâm
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 190 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 500 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
g‘rH$aUo ha^è¶mgmR>r bmJUmar
H«$.
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 43.85 95.1
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.87 x Ano{jV - (2.77 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 57.97 >362.3
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.29 x Ano{jV (0.04 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) 12.25 nmoQ>°e 20.40
8. gmo`m~rZ
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 190 {H$bmo, 16 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 300 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. gm¶om~rZgmR>r bmJUmar
1. eoUIV {da{hV IVm‘YyZ=(6.86 x Ano{jV -(0.68 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ `w[a`m
Úmd¶mMo ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 42.3 91.7
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 82.83 517.5
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.96 x Ano{jV - (0.13 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbmeAm°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) - nmbme, {H$./ho.) 60 nmoQ>°e 99.96
32 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eoUIVmgmo~V
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./h.o)-(0.09x10 Q>Z eUoIV) 24.25 52.6
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (4.14 x Ano{jV - (2.95 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX, ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) {H$./h.o)-(1.5 x 10 Q>Z eUoIV) 41.3 258
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.47 x Ano{jV (0.11 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, nmbme Am° Š gmB© S > å`w a oQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$./ho.) - {H$./h.o)-(0.27 x 10 Q>Z eUoIV) 51 nmoQ>°e 84.9
9. ~rQ>r H$mnyg
A. ‘mVr n[ajU Am{U An{ojV CËnmXZ g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m
g‘rH$aUo AmYmao 40 q¹$Q>b/ h.o H$mng
y {nH$mgmR>r bmJUmar
H«$.
1. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ZÌ ({H$./ho.). ZÌ ¶w[a¶m
= (10.36 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)-
(1.21 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho. 197 427
2. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ñ’w$aX Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.) ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
= (4.62 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)-
(3.83 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ’w$aX, {H$/ho.) 124 772
3. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo nmbme Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.) å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
= (8.57 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)- nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S>
(0.46 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho.) 67 111
eoUIVmgmo~V (ho³Q>ar 10 Q>Z eoUIV)
1. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ZÌ ({H$./ho.)
= (9.58 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)- ZÌ `w[a`m
(1.15 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)- 162 352
(1.42 x eoUIV Q>Z/ho.)
2. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ñ’w$aX Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.)
= (3.62 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)- ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
(2.99 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ’w$aX, {H$/ho.)- 100 624
3. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo nmbme Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.)
= (8.32 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, p³d¨/ho.)- nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
(0.45 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho.)- 85 141
10. gwê$ D$g
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ H$mir Vo ^mar H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 180 {H$bm,o 14.9 {H$bmo ñ\$waX d 611 {H$bmo nmbme/hŠoQ>a
A. ‘mVr n[ajU Am{U An{ojV CËnmXZ g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. 100 ‘.|Q>Z/ho gêw$ CgmÀ¶m CËnmXZmgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ, {H$./ho.) 234.8 509.5
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 100.90 >630.62
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (2.76 x Ano{jV - (0.21 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) 147.69 nmoQ>°e246.0
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 33

11. nyd© h§Jm‘r D$g -’w$bo 265
A. ‘mVr n[ajU Am{U An{ojV CËnmXZ g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao
g‘rH$aUo 200 Q>Z/ h.o ndy© hJ§m‘r D$g- ’$wbo 265 {nH$mgmR>r bmJUmar
H«$.
1. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ZÌ ({H$./ho.). ZÌ ¶w[a¶m
= (4.21 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)-
470 1021
(1.49 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.
= (1.39 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)- ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
(2.05 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ’w$aX, {H$/ho.) 234 1453
3. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo nmbme Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.)
= (2.26 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)- nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
(0.58 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho.) 162 270
eoUIVmgmo~V (ho³Q>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV)
1. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo ZÌ ({H$./ho.)
= (4.03 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ `w[a`m
(1.43 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho.)- 372 809
= (1.23 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)- ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
(2.44 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ’w$aX, {H$/ho.)-
170 1065
3. IVm‘YwZ Úmd¶mMo nmbme Am°³gmB©S> ({H$./ho.) å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
= (2.26 x Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.)- nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S>
(0.55 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho.)- 149 248
12. aã~r H$m§Xm
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 204 {H$bmo, 18.5 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 375 {H$bmo nmbme/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUo g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 35 Q>Z/h.o aã~r
H«$. H$mÚ§mÀ¶m CËnmXZmgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 78.84 171
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 60 >375
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) 59.75 nmoQ>°e99.54
34Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

13. aã~r \w$bH$mo~r
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 230 {H$bmo, 14.2 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d nmbme 400 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUo g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 40 Q>Z/ h.o
H«$. \$wbH$m~orgmR>r bmJUmar
eoUIV{dahrV
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd¶mMo = (6.83 x Ano{jV - (0.35 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ, {H$./ho.) 193 419
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (4.25 x Ano{jV - (2.21 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 139 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 869
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.90 x Ano{jV -(0.08 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) 124 nmoQ>°e 206
eoUIVmgmo~V
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (6.00 x Ano{jV - (0.30 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ,{H$./h.o) ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) (1.44 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 165 358
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.92 x Ano{jV - (2.04 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX,{H$./h.o) ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) (1.20 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 140 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 875
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.07 x Ano{jV - (0.06 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme,{H$./h.o) nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) (1.12 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 110 nmoQ>°e 183
14. aã~r H$mo~r
O‘rZ - ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 250 {H$bmo, 18 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d nmbme 450 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 40 Q>Z/ho
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. aã~r H$mi
o r CËnmXZmgmR>r bmJUmar
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 279 605
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 147 >919
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) 182 nmoQ>°e 302
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 35

15. A°ñQ>a $(\w$b)
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 215 {H$bmo, 21 [H$bmo ñ\w$aX d nmbme 511 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 110 p³d/¨ h.o
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. Añ°Q>agmR>r bmJUmar
eoUIV{dahrV
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) ZÌ,{H$./ho.) 248 538
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) ñ\w$aX, {H$./ho.) 123 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 769
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) 27 nmoQ>°e 45
eoUIVmgmo~V
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.22 x Ano{jV -(0.58 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ,{H$./ h.o) ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (2.08 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 250 543
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.33 x Ano{jV -(2.61 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX,{H$./h.o) ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (1.19 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 103 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 644
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (0.94 x 10 Q>Z/h.o eUoIV) 30 nmoQ>°e 50
16. bgyU
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 207 {H$bmo, ñ\w$aX - 8 {H$bmo d nmbme 258 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUo g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 100 p³d/¨ h.o
H«$. bgUy gmR>r bmJUmar IVo
eoUIV{dahrV
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (0.99.0 x Ano{jV - (0.07 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
36 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eoUIVmgmo~V
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.72 x Ano{jV- (0.34 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) {H$./ h.o)-(1.24 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 89 193
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (0.89 x Ano{jV - (1.84 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX, {H$./h.o) ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (1.16 eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 63 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 394
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (0.83 x Ano{jV- (0.06 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme,{H$./h.o) nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (0.65 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 62 nmoQ>°e 103
17. ~Q>mQ>m
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 201 {H$bmo, ñ\w$aX - 15 {H$bmo d nmbme 392 {H$bmo/ho
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 200 p³d/¨ h.o
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. ~Q>mQ>çmgmR>r bmJUmar IVo
eoUIV{dahrV
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd¶mMo = (1.549x Ano{jV - (0.40 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ `w[a`m
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (0.906x Ano{jV - (5.53 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.315x Ano{jV - (0.17 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$
eoUIVmgmo~V
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (1.21 x Ano{jV - (0.32 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) {H$./ h.o)-(0.81 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 250 543
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (0.93 x Ano{jV - (5.61 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX, ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) {H$./h.o)-(0.75 eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 103 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 644
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, {¹$§./ho.) (0.76 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 30 nmoQ>°e 50
18. ^|S>r
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb ZÌ 204 {H$bmo, ñ\w$aX - 12 {H$bmo d nmbme 264 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 16 Q>Z/h.o
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. ^S|>rgmR>r bmJUmar IVo
eoUIV{dahrV
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (11.05 x Ano{jV -(3.47 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 37

3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (10.07 x Ano{jV - (0.13 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 127 nmoQ>°e 212
eoUIVmgmo~V
1. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (15.88 x Ano{jV - (0.50 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, ZÌ `w[a`m
ZÌ ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) {H$./ h.o)-(2.38 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 128 278
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (10.09 x Ano{jV - (3.17 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\$waX, ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
ñ\w$aX Am°. ({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) {H$./h.o)-(1.08 eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 113 \$m°ñ\o$Q> 706
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) (1.60 x eUoIV Q>Z/h.o) 107 nmoQ>°e 177
19. dm§Jr
O‘rZ-‘Ü`‘ Imob H$mir, ‘mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb-CnbãY ZÌ 204 {H$bmo, ñ\w$aX - 13 {H$bmo d nmbme 485 {H$bmo/ho
g‘rH$aUo
H«$. ^S|>rgmR>r bmJUmar IVo
eoUIV{dahrV
2. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.14 x Ano{jV -(7.32 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna
3. IVm‘YyZ Úmd`mMo = (3.21 x Ano{jV - (0.13 x O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme å`waoQ> Am°\$
nmbme Am°.({H$./ho.) CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme, {H$./ho.) Am°ŠgmB©S> 130 nmoQ>°e 217
Ano{jV CËnmXZ V§ÌkmZ - \$m`Xo Am{U ‘`m©Xm

\$m`Xo
1) Ho$di ‘mVr n[ajUmZwgma IVo dmnaÊ`mÀ`m nÕVrnojm ho V§ÌkmZ Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm {ZpíMVM \$m`ÚmMo Amho
2) `m V§ÌmV O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme d {nH$mÀ`m C{Ôï>mZwgma IVmMm dmna dmT>{dVm AWdm H$‘r
H$aVm òVmo
3) Ano{jV CËnmXZ 5 Vo 10 Q>ŠŠ`mÀ`m \$aH$mZo gmÜ` H$aVm òVo
4) Am{W©H$ n[apñWVrZwgma nrH$ CËnmXZmMo C{Ôï> R>a{dVm òVo.
‘`m©Xm
1) CËnmXZ ho {d{dY {nH$m§À`m g‘rH$aUmV Z‘yX Ho$boë`m CËnmXZmnojm A{YH$ Zgmdo.
2) Ano{jV CËnmXZ V§Ìmà‘mUo IV dmnê$Z nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m, nrH$ g§ajU BË`mXr H$m‘o doioda d {e\$maerZwgma
emóewÕ nÕVrZo H$aUo H«$‘àmá Amho. (CXmhaUmW© IVo XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo noamdrV)
3) EH$m àH$maÀ`m O{‘Zrda {dH$[gV Ho$bobo IVm§Mo g‘rH$aU AJXr {^Þ àH$maÀ`m O{‘Zrda {VVHo$go à^mdr
hmoUma Zmhr.
4) `m V§ÌmV gyú‘ AÞÐì`§mMm {dMma Ho$bm Jobm Zgë`mZo gyú‘ AÞÐì`mgmR>r O‘rZ VnmgyZ Ë`mà‘mUo gyú‘
AÞÐì`m§Mo IV XoUo JaOoMo Amho.
38 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

20. Ho$ir - O‘rZ-_Ü`_ Imob H$mir, _mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 160 {H$bmo, 12 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d
nmbme 350 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
g‘rH$aUo H$oirgmR>r bmJUmar IVo
H«$.
eoUIV{dahrV
1. IVm_YyZ Úmd`mMo ZÌ {H$./ho. = (16.97 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ZÌ `w[a`m
- (2.27 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ {H$./ho.) 1504 3268
2 IVm_YyZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°.{H$./ho. = (2.91 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
Q>Z/ho.) - (4.14 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX {H$./ho.) 270 1690
3 IVm_YyZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°. {H$./ho. = (13.97 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
Q>Z/ho.) - (0.91 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme {H$./ho.) 1216 2027
eoUIVmgmo~V
- (1.34 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ {H$./ho.) - (1.76 eoUIV QZ/ho.) 870 1892
2 IVm_YyZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°.{H$./ho. = (2.09 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>
-(2.97 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX {H$./ho.)-(1.47 eoUIV QZ/ho.) 180 1122
3 IVm_YyZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°. {H$./ho. = (7.52 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho.) nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
- (0.49 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme {H$./ho.) -(1.28 eoUIV QZ/ho.) 643 1072
21. _H$m (YmÝ`) - O‘rZ-_Ü`_ Imob H$mir, _mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 175 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo
ñ\w$aX d nmbme 325 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 60 {Šd.§/h.o
g‘rH$aUo _Š`mgmR>r bmJUmar IVo
H«$.
eoUIV{dahrV
eoUIVmgmo~V
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 39

22. P|Sy> - O‘rZ-_Ü`_ Imob H$mir, _mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 180 {H$bmo, 14 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d
nmbme 325 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 120 {Šd./h.o
g‘rH$aUo PS|>ygmR>r bmJUmar IVo
H«$.
eoUIV{dahrV
eoUIVmgmo~V
23. H$moaS>dmhÿ aã~r Ádmar - O‘rZ-_Ü`_ Imob H$mir, _mVr n[ajUmMm Ahdmb - CnbãY ZÌ 170 {H$bmo, 16
{H$bmo ñ\w$aX d nmbme 350 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
A. g‘rH$aUmÀ§`m AmYmao 15 {Šd.§/h.o
g‘rH$aUo aã~r ÁdmargmR>r bmJUmar IVo
H«$.
eoUIV{dahrV
eoUIVmgmo~V
40Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r {OdmUy IVo
à`moJemioV ZÌ pñWa H$aUmè`m, O{‘ZrVrb ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmè`m d g|{Ð` nXmWmªMo {dKQ>Z H$aUmè`m H$m`©j‘
{OdmUy§Mr ñdV§Ì[aË`m dmT> H$ê$Z `mo½` Aem dmhH$mV {‘giyZ hmoUmè`m {‘lUmbm “{OdmUy IV’’ Ago åhUVmV. hr
{OdmUy IVo {nH$m§Zm ZÌ {‘idyZ XoVmV. A{dÐmì` ñdê$nmVrc ñ’w$aX {daKi{dVmV d g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mo ObX {dKQ>Z
H$aVmV. `m IVmbm “{OdmUy g§dY©Zo’’, “~°ŠQ>o[a`b H$ëMa’’ AWdm “~°ŠQ>o[a`b BZm°Š`wb§Q>’’ Agohr åhUVmV.
{OdmUy IVm§Mo àH$ma
ZÌ pñWarH$aU H$aUmar {OdmUy IVo
A) A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a
ho {OdmUy O{‘Zr‘Üò {nH$m§À`m ‘wim§^modVr amhÿZ AghOrdr nÕVrZo H$m`© H$arV AgVmV. Vo hdoVrb ‘wº$ ZÌ emofyZ
KoVmV d {nH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. ho {OdmUy IV e|JdJu` {nHo$ dJiyZ BVa gd© EH$Xb, V¥UYmÝ`, ^mOrnmbm d \$i
{nH$m§Zm Cn`moJr nS>VmV. CXm. Ádmar, ~mOar, D$g, Jhÿ, ‘H$m, H$mnyg, gy`©\y$b, {‘aMr, dm§Jr, S>mit~, noé, Am§~m B.
~) A°Pmopñn[ab‘
ho {OdmUy V¥UYmÝ` d ^mOrnmbm {nH$m§À`m ‘wim§‘Üò d ‘wim§^modVr amhÿZ ghghOrdr nÕVrZo ZÌ pñWa H$aÊ`mMo
H$m`© H$aVmV. Ádmar Am{U ‘H$m {nH$m§gmR>r Cn`wº$.
H$) ~mOò[a§H$s`m
ho {OdmUy A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a à‘mUoM AghOrdr nÕVrZo ZÌ pñWarH$aUmMo H$m`© H$arV AgVmV. na§Vw, Vo ‘w»`Ëdo
H$ê$Z AmåbY‘u` O{‘ZrV AmT>iyZ òVmV. ho {OdmUy e|JdJu` {nHo$ dJiyZ EH$Xb d V¥UYmÝ` {nH$m§gmR>r Cn`moJr
nS>VmV. CXm.^mV.
S>) {Zio {hado eodmi
{Zio -{hado eodmi ho EH$noer` qH$dm \$m§Úmgh qH$dm \$m§Úm{da{hV V§Vy AgVmV. eodmim§‘Üò A°bmo{gam,
Q>m°brnmo{W«Šg, Zm°ñQ>m°H$ d A°Zm~oZm `m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. ^mV ImMam‘Üò ânya nmUr AgVo. Ë`m‘wio eodmimMr dmT>
Mm§Jbr hmoVo. åhUyZ Ë`m§Mm Cn`moJ ^mV eoVr‘Üò ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Ho$bm OmVmo.
eoVH$è`m§Zm Amnë`m eoVmda eodmi dmT>{dVm òVo
gd©gmYmaU eoVH$ar Iio V`ma H$ê$Z ^mVmMr ‘iUr H$aVmo. AemM Iù`mda eodmi dmT>{dVm òVo. Iù`mV 6 3
\w$Q> AmH$mamMo {MH$U ‘mVrMo dm\$o$ V`ma H$ê$Z Ë`mda gmYmaU 8 Vo 10 {H$. J«°. ~marH$ ‘mVr ngamdr Am{U 4 Vo 6 B§M
C§Mrn`ªV nmUr gmR>dyZ R>odmdo. Ë`m‘Üò 200 J«°‘ gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> Am{U 2 J«°‘ gmo{S>`‘ ‘m°{bãS>oQ> `m§Mo {‘lU Q>mHy$Z AmVrb
‘mVr T>dimdr. ‘mVr ~gë`mda em§V nmÊ`mV 250 J«°‘ eodmimMo ‘mV¥dmU ngamdo. gmYmaUnUo 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§V
eodmimMr ânya dmT> hmoVo Am{U nmÊ`mda Mm§Jbm Wa O‘Vmo. ânya dmT> Pmë`mda nmUr AmQy>Z Úmdo. gwH$bobo eodmi
‘mVrgh Jmoim H$ê$Z ^mV nwZbm©dUrZ§Va 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr ^mV ImMam‘Üò 10 {H$. J«°. `mà‘mUmV Xa hoŠQ>ar Q>mH$mdo.
`m{edm` nÍ`mÀ`m Q´>o‘Üò (Mm¡H$moZr AmH$mamMo) qH$dm {g‘|Q>À`m ñb°~da eodmi dmT>{dVm òVo. eodmi dmT>{dVmZm
S>mgm§Mm d BVa {H$Q>H$m§Mm CnX«d Pmë`mg {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm.
B) APmobm
APmobm hr EH$ nmUdZñnVr AgyZ ho EH$ {hadirMo IV åhUyZ dmnaVmV. APmobm hr A°Zm~oZm APmobr
`meodmim~amo~a ghOrdr nÕVrZo dmT>Vo Am{U hdoVrb ‘wº$ ZÌ pñWa H$aVo. APmobm dmT>{dÊ`mÀ`m XmoZ nÜXVr AmhoV.
n{hë`m nÜXVr‘Üò APmobm {d{eï> àH$maÀ`m S>~Š`mV dmT>{dVmV. Z§Va Vmo ^mVeoVmV bmJUrnydu EH$ ‘{hZm AJmoXa
ImMamV Q>mH$VmV d 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr APmobm Zm§JamÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo JmS>VmV. Xwgè`m n«H$mam‘Üò APmobm {deof
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 41

Zg©ar‘Üò dmT>{dVmV Am{U bmJUrZ§Va 10 {Xdgm§Zr ^mVeoVrV Q>mH$VmV d Vmo nwÝhm O{‘ZrV H$moiß`mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo
JmS>VmV. Aem n«H$mao APmobmMm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. APmobm‘wio Xadfu à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 40 {H$. J«°. ZÌ {‘iy eH$Vo.
B©) am`Pmo{~`‘
`m OrdmUy§Mo H$m`© ghOrdr nÕVrZo MmbVo. ho {OdmUy e|JdJu` {nH$m§À`m ‘wimda JmR>r {Z‘m©U H$aVmV. hdoVrb
ZÌdm`y (Zm`Q´>moOZ) emofyZ KoD$Z ‘wim§dmQ>o {nH$mg CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. EH$mM àH$maMo am`Pmo{~`‘ {OdmUy IV gd©
e|JdJu` {nH$m§Zm Cn`moJr nS>V Zmhr. Ë`m‘Üò doJdoJio gmV JQ> AmhoV. doJdoJù`m JQ>mVrb {nH$m§Zm {d{eï> àH$mamÀ`m
am`Pmo{~`‘ JQ>mMo {OdmUy IV dmnamdo.
\$) A°[gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a
D$g d BVa eH©$am`wº$ {nH$m§‘Üò ‘wim§Ûmao ho {OdmUy àdoe H$ê$Z ZÌmMo pñWarH$aU H$aVmV. ho {OdmUy Am§Vaàdmhr
Agë`mZo pñWa Ho$boë`m ZÌmMm nrH$ dmT>r‘Üò gdm©{YH$ dmna hmoD$ eH$Vmo. D$g {nH$mg 40 Vo 50% ZÌmMm nwadR>m
H$aVmV.
ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy IV
O{‘ZrV {daKiÊ`mg H$R>rU Agboë`m H$mhr AÞÐì`m§‘Üò ñ\w$aXmMm H«$‘m§H$ n{hbm bmJVmo. Ë`m‘wio amgm`{ZH$
énmZo dmnabobo ñ\w$aX H$moUË`m Zm H$moUË`m amgm`{ZH$ ñdê$nmV ‘mVr‘Üò pñWa hmoVo. `m‘wio IV ê$nmZo {Xboë`m
ñ\w$aXmMm Cn`moJ dZñnVr emofUmgmR>r H$ê$Z KoD$ eH$V Zmhr d {e\$maerZwgma {Xboë`m ñ\w$aX`wº$ IVmMm Cn`moJ
nyU©nUo hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. `mH$[aVm ñ\w$aX`wº$ IVmMm dZñnVtZm bmJUmè`m amgm`{ZH$ ñdê$nmV ê$nm§Va hmoUo JaOoMo
AgVo.ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmar {OdmUy IVo (g§dY©Zo) A{dÐmì` pñWaénr ñ\w$aXm§Mo Ðmì` amgm`{ZH$ ñdê$nmV ê$nm§Va H$ê$Z
Vo {nH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV. `m‘wio amgm`{ZH$ ñ\w$aX`wº$ IVmMm dmna Ðmì` ñdê$nmV {nH$dmT>rÀ`m `mo½`
H$mbmdYrV hmoUo eŠ` hmoVo.
Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© (O¡d amoJ {Z`§ÌH$)
hr namonOrdr ~waer O{‘ZrV g|Ðr` nXmWm©da ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmT>Vo d BVa amoJ {OdmUy§Mr dmT> {Z`§{ÌV H$aVo. Vr
BVa amoJH$maH$ ~waerMo YmJo Zï> H$ê$Z {~OmUy H$‘Hw$dV ~ZdVo. Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§Mr CJdUj‘Vm H$‘r hmoVo. `m O¡d amoJ
{Z`§ÌH$mÀ`m dmnamZo O{‘ZrÛmao hmoUmè`m amoJm§Mo à^mdr {Z`§ÌU hmoD$ eH$Vo.
{OdmUy IVo dmnaÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVr
{OdmUy IVmMo {~`mÊ`m§da A§VajrH$aU
nm{H$Q>mVrb {OdmUy g§dY©H$ nwaoem nmÊ`m‘Üò {‘giyZ {~`mÊ`mbm hiydmanUo Aem nÕVrZo bmdmdo, H$s gd©
{~`m§da gma»`m à‘mUmV bon ~gob d {~`m§Mm n¥ð>^mJ Iam~ hmoUma Zmhr qH$dm {~`mUo Amobga H$ê$Z KoD$Z {OdmUy
g§dY©Z gma»`m à‘mUmV bmdmdo. {OdmUy g§dY©H$ bmdbobo {~`mUo gmdbrV ñdÀN> H$mJXmda gwH$dmdo Am{U Vm~S>Vmo~
noaUr H$amdr. `m{edm` amonm§À`m ‘wim§da {OdmUy IVmMo A§VajrH$aU, CgmÀ`m H$m§S>çmda qH$dm ~Q>mQ>çmÀ`m ~oÊ`m§da
VgoM eoVmV ‘mVrV {‘giyZhr {OdmUy IVm§Mm dmna H$aVm òVmo.
{OdmUy IVmMr ‘mÌm (n«‘mU)
10 {H$. J«°. {~`mÊ`mgmR>r 1 nmH$sQ> (250 J«°‘)
A) ^mV d ^mOrnmbm
1) amono V`ma H$aVmZm 10 {H$. J«°. {~`mÊ`mgmR>r -1 nmH$sQ> (250 J«°‘)
2) amonm§Mr nwZbm©JU à{V hoŠQ>ar 2 nm{H$Q>o (250 J«°‘ àËòH$s)
~) ~Q>mQ>m … bmdUr H$aVmZm VwH$S>o ~wO{dÊ`mgmR>r 5 nm{H$Q>o 50 {bQ>a nmÊ`m‘Üò {‘gimdrV.
42 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$) D$g … EH$ EH$a joÌmgmR>r bmJUmè`m ~oÊ`mg 10 Vo 12 nm{H$Q>o dmnamdrV. (250 J«°‘ àËòH$s)
S>) ^mV … ImMamV nwZbm©JU Ho$ë`mZ§Va {Zio {hado eodmi 20 {H$. J«°. à{V hoŠQ>ar \$moHy$Z Q>mH$mdo.
CÎm‘ n«VrMo H§$nmoñQ> IV V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r H§$nmoñQ> {OdmUy
eoVm‘Üò g|{Ð` nXmW© ânya à‘mUmV CnbãY AgVmV. `m g|{Ð` nXmWmªn¡H$s H$mhr nXmW© WmoS>o\$ma Hw$OdyZ bJoM
eoVmV dmnaVm òVmV. na§Vw, H$mhtZm ~aoM {Xdg Hw$Odmdo bmJVo. Ë`m{edm` Vo eoVmV dmnaVm òV ZmhrV. CgmMo nmMQ>
hoŠQ>ar 6 Vo 8 Q>Z EdT>o AgVo. Va JìhmMo H$mS> 2 Vo 5 Q>Z AgVo, Ë`mnmgyZ Oa H§$nmoñQ> IV V`ma Ho$bo Va Odi
Odi VodT>oM Amobo H§$nmoñQ> IV {‘iVo. D$gmMo nmMQ>, JìhmMo H$mS>, {nH$m§Mr VmQ>o, nmbmnmMmoim ho g|{X«` nXmW© Oar
Hw$OÊ`mg H$R>rU Agbo Var emór` nÕVtMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg d H§$nmoñQ> H$aVmZm H§$nmoñQ> {OdmUy§Mm dmna Ho$ë`mg
Hw$OÊ`mMr {H«$`m ObX hmoVo d AÞÐì`m§Zr `wº$ Ago IV bdH$a CnbãY hmoVo.
T>rJ qH$dm IÈ>o âÊ`mMr nÕV
CgmÀ`m nmMQ>mMo qH$dm CnbãY Agboë`m H$moUË`mhr g|{Ð` nXmWmªMo, H$mS>rH$Mè`mMo eŠ` VodT>o ~marH$ VwH$S>o
H$amdoV d Ë`mMm IS²>S>çmV 20 g|. ‘r. OmS>rMm Wa Úmdm. EH$m S´>‘‘Üò nmUr KoD$Z Ë`mV à{VQ>Z nmMQ>mgmR>r 100
{H$. J«°. OZmdam§Mo eoU {‘gimdo. Ë`mMà‘mUo g|{Ð` nXmWm©Mo ObX {dKQ>Z H$aUmao {OdmUy EH$ {H$. J«°. à{VQ>Z nmMQ>mg
`m à‘mUmV eoUH$më`mÀ`m S´>‘‘Üò Q>mHy$Z Mm§Jbo {‘giyZ ¿`mdo Am{U H§$nmoñQ> IÈ>o âVmZm àËòH$ Wamda g§nyU©
IS²>S>çmg nwaob Aem nÕVrZo Q>mH$mdo. Xwgam S´>‘ KoD$Z Ë`mV nwaogo nmUr ¿`mdo d Ë`m‘Üò 8 {H$. J«°. `w[a`m d 10 {H$.
J«°. gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> à{V Q>Z H$mS>rH$Mè`mÀ`m à‘mUmV g§nyU© IS²>S>çmg nwaob Aem ~oVmZo Q>mH$mdo. `w[a`m d gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>Mo
ÐmdU qenSy>Z Z§Va eoUH$mbm d OrdmUy§Mo {‘lU àËòH$ Wamda gma»`m à‘mUmV Q>mH$mdo d Z§Va Amdí`H$VoZwgma OmXm
nmUr Q>mH$mdo, OoUo H$ê$Z H§$nmoñQ> Ho$bobm H$mS>rH$Mam Amobm amhrb, nU IS²>S>çmV nmUr gmR>Uma Zmhr. Aem nÕVrZo
Wamda Wa XoD$Z IÈ>m ‘mVrZo AJa eoU‘mVrZo PmHy$Z ¿`mdm åhUOo IS²>S>çmVrb nmÊ`mMo ~mîn hmoD$Z CSy>Z OmUma Zmhr.
XrS> ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m A§VamZo IS²>S>çmMr MmiUr H$amdr Am{U Amdí`H$Vm dmQ>ë`mg nmUr Q>mH$mdo Ago Ho$ë`mZo CÎm‘
H§$nmoñQ> IV 4 Vo 4.5 ‘{hÝ`mV V`ma hmoB©b. Aem àH$mao CÎm‘ Hw$Oboë`m H§$nmoñQ> IVmV ZÌmMo à‘mU 1 Vo 1.5 Q>¸o$,
H$~© d ZÌmMo JwUmoËVa 20…1 amhVo Ago Mm§Jë`m àVrMo g|{Ð` IV dmnaë`mZo O{‘ZrMr gwnrH$Vm Mm§Jbr amhÿZ {nH$m§Mo
CËnmXZ bjUr` dmT>Vo.
nyd©XjVm
A) {OdmUy g§dY©ZmMo nmH$sQ> gmdbrV R>odmdo. VgoM gy`©àH$me d CîUVm `mnmgyZ Ë`m§Mo g§ajU H$amdo.
~) {OdmUy g§dY©Z ho amgm`{ZH$ IV Zmhr Am{U åhUyZ {OdmUy g§dY©Z qH$dm {OdmUy g§dY©H$ bmdbobo {~`mUo
amgm`{ZH$ IVmV qH$dm BVa Am¡fYm‘Üò {‘giy Zò.
H$) ~waerZmeH$ qH$dm H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ bmdmd`mMr Agë`mg AJmoXa Aer à{H«$`m nyU© H$ê$Z eodQ>r {OdmUy IV bmdmdo.
S>) hr IVo dmnaÊ`mg§~§Yr nm{H$Q>mda Or A§[V‘ VmarI {Xbr Agob Ë`mnyduM dmnamdrV.
B) am`Pmo{~`‘ {OdmUy IV nm{H$Q>mda Z‘yX Ho$boë`m {d{eï> {nH$mgmR>rM dmnamdo.
gyMZm
{OdmUy IVo dmnaë`mZo amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr CUrd g§nyU©nUo ^ê$Z H$mT>Vm òV Zmhr. Vo§ìhm hr IVo amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Zm
nyaH$ IVo åhUyZM dmnaUo \$m`ÚmMo Amho. A°PmoQ>mo~°Q>a, am`Pmo{~`‘, `m§À`m 250 J«°‘À`m EH$m nm{H$Q>mMr {H$§‘V 10
énò; A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, A°Pmopñnarb‘ `m§À`m 250 J«°‘À`m nm{H$Q>mMr {H$§‘V 10 énò; {Zio, {hado eodmi 1 {H$.
J«°.nmH$sQ> 25 énò; d ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy 250 J«°‘À`m {nedrMr qH$‘V 10 énò; H§$nmoñQ> {OdmUy,
Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© (J«oZ ~og) `m§À`m 500 J«°‘À`m {nedrMr qH$‘V 20 énò; Va APmobm é. 25 à{V {H$. J«° à‘mUo nwa{dbm
OmVmo. Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© (Q>mëH$ ) 1 {H$bmoJ«°‘À`m {nedrMr qH$‘V 150 én¶o.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 43

{OdmUy IVo H$er {‘idmb?
{OdmUy IVo ‘moR>çm g§»òZo nm{hOo Agë`mg H$‘rV H$‘r VrZ AmR>dS>o AJmoXa ‘mJUr Zm|Xdmdr d IVm§Mr {H$§‘V boIm
d A{YXmZ A{YH$mar, nyUo AWdm amhþar `m§Mo Zmdo {S>‘m§S> S´>mâQ> H$mTy>Z IVo g‘j òD$Z KoD$Z OmdrV.
1) H¥$[f AUwOrdemók, H¥$[f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo-411005

\$moZ Z§.… (020) 25537033 {dñVma 232 qH$dm 228
2) à‘wI, dZñnVr amoJemó d H¥${f AUwOrdemó {d^mJ,
‘hmË‘m \$w$bo H¥$[f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar-413722, {O Ah‘XZJa, \$moZ§ Z.… (02426)
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‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥$[f {dÚmnrR> A§VJ©V CËnm{XV hmoUmè`m {OdmUy IVm§Mr ‘m{hVr
{R>H$mU {OdmUy IVo
H¥$[f AUwOrdemók am`Pmo{~`‘, A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, A°Pmopñn[ab‘,
O¡{dH$ ZÌ pñWarH$aU `moOZm A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, ñ\w$aX {OdmUy
H¥$[f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa, {Zio - {hado eodmi
à‘wI, dZñnVr amoJ emó d am`Pmo{~`‘, A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, A°Pmopñn[ab‘,
H¥$[f AUOrdemó {d^mJ A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, ñ\w$aX {OdmUy, Ðdén OrdmUy IVo
‘. \$w$.H¥$.{d. amhþar H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa, A°Pmobm, Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©
n«^mar A{YH$mar H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa, Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©
{d^mJr` H¥$[f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, gmocmnya
à‘wI emók H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa
Vob{~`m g§emoYZ H|$Ð OiJmd
d[að> emók, Jmo. g§emoYZ d ìh‘u H§$nmoñQ>

gwYma `moOZm, ‘.\$w$.H¥$.{d,amhþar
D$g {deofk ìh‘u H§$nmoñQ>, ìh‘u H$ëMa
‘Ü`dVu D$g g§emoYZ H|$Ð
nmS>oJmd, {O. gmVmam
àmÜ¶mnH$, dZñnVr amoJemó {d^mJ am`Pmo{~`‘, A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a,
H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya ñ\w$aX {OdmUy, H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa
44 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

V¥UYmÝ` {nHo$
^maVmVrb EHw$U V¥UYmÝ` {nH$mImbrb (263.1 bmI hoŠQ>a) joÌmn¡H$s (92.31 bmI hoŠQ>a) 35 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ ho
‘hmamï>´> amÁ`mV Amho. VgoM EHw$U V¥UYmÝ` CËnmXZmn¡H$s (253 bmI Q>Z) ‘hmamîQ´>m‘Üò 35 Q>ŠHo$ (87.72 bmI
Q>Z) CËnmXZ hmoVo. ‘hmamï>´>mVrb V¥UYmÝ`mMr gamgar CËnmXH$Vm hr 9.5 pŠd¨Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar Amho. amÁ`mVrb à‘wI
V¥UYmÝ` CËnmXZm‘Üò n[ü‘ ‘hmamï>´>mVrb ~mOar, aã~r Ádmar d Jhy `m {nH$m§Mm {hñgm AZwH«$‘o 65, 49 d 47 Q>ŠHo$
BVH$m Amho.
^mV
gZ 2013-14 À`m AmH$S>odmarZygma ^mV {nH$mImbrb joÌ d CËnmXZ Imbrbà‘mUo Amho.
joÌ (bmI ho.) CËnmXZ (bmI Q>Z) CËnmXH$Vm ({H$bmo/ho.)
^maV 440.00 1435 3262
‘hmamï´> 15.13 28.43 1875
O‘rZ d hdm‘mZ
CîU d X‘Q> hdm‘mZ `m {nH$mg nmofH$ Amho. O{‘ZrMm gm‘y 5 Vo 8 `m Xaå`mZ Agmdm. nO©Ý`‘mZ 800
{‘br{‘Q>ahÿZ A{YH$ Agmdo. {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r 25 Vo 35 g|.J«o. Vmn‘mZ d 65 Vo 70 Q>¸o$nojm OmñV AmÐ©Vm nmofH$
V¥UYmÝ¶
AgVo. hbŠ`m Vo ‘Ü`‘ O{‘Zr~amo~aM Ima O{‘ZrV XoIrb ^mVmMo nrH$ KoVbo OmVo.
nyd©‘emJV
^mV {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r eoVmMr nyd©‘emJV H$aUo AË`§V ‘hÎdmMo AgVo. nyd©‘emJVr‘wio O{‘ZrÀ`m {d{dY Wam§Mr
CbWmnmbW hmoVo Am{U H$mhr à‘mUmV VUm§Mo, H$sS> d amoJm§Mohr {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. O{‘ZrMr C^r AmS>dr Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z
Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV / H§$nmoñQ> IV hoHQ>ar 10 Q>Z `m à‘mUmV O{‘ZrV {‘gimdo.
bmJdS> nÕVr
bmdUr nÕV
Á`m {R>H$mUr 1000 {‘.{‘. nojm OmñV nmD$g nS>Vmo, Aem {R>H$mUr `m nÕVrMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
noaUr nÕV
Anma§n[aH$ {d^mJ, ‘amR>dmS>m d npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´> Á`m {R>H$mUr ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O{‘Zr {XgyZ òVmV Ë`m{R>H$mUr nmâ
qH$dm noaUr `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo noaUr Ho$br OmVo.
Q>moH$U nÕV
1000 {‘.{‘. nojm H$‘r nmdgmÀ`m àXoe d ‘Ü`‘ O{‘Zr Agboë`m ^mJmV Q>moH$U nÜXVrZo bmJdS> Ho$br OmVo.
gwYm[aV dmU
hidm dmU
A.H«$. dmUmMo Zm§d H$mbmdYr ({Xdg) XmÊ`mMr àV CËnmXZ (q¹$./ho.)
1. H$O©V - 184 100 - 105 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 30 - 35
2. aËZm{Jar - 1 110 - 115 bm§~Q>, OmS> 40 - 45
3. H$O©V - 4 110 - 115 AmIyS>, A{V~marH$ 30 - 35
4. aËZm{Jar - 711 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 45

5. aËZm{Jar - 24 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 35 - 40
6. aËZm 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
7. \w$bo amYm 115 - 120 ‘Ü`‘, ~marH$ 40 - 45
8. H$O©V - 3 115 - 120 AmIwS>, OmS> 40 - 45
9. H$O©V - 7 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
10. namJ 108 - 112 bm§~Q> 17 - 20
11. A§{~H$m 110 - 115 bm§~Q> 17 - 20
12. VoaUm 90 - 100 bm§~Q> 20 - 25
{Z‘Jadm dmU
1. O`m 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, OmS> 45 - 50
2. Ama nr 4-14 120 - 125 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
3. \w$bo ‘mdi 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, OmS> 45 - 50
4. nmbKa - 1 125 - 130 ‘Ü`‘, OmS> 45 - 50
5. \w$bo g‘¥Õr 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 45 - 50
6. \w$bo Ama Or-EZ-6 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 45 - 50
Jadm dmU
1. aËZm{Jar - 2 140 - 145 AmIyS>, OmS> 40 - 45
2. H$O©V - 2 140 - 145 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
3. ‘gwar 140 - 145 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
gwdm{gH$ dmU
1. ~mg‘Vr - 370 130 - 135 bm§~Q, ~marH$ 30 - 352
2. B§ÐmÙr 135 - 140 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 40 - 45
3. ^moJmdVr 135 - 140 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 45 - 50
4. à^mdVr 110 - 120 ‘Ü`‘ bm§~ 30 - 35
5. A{dîH$ma 80 - 85 bm§~Q> 30 - 35
6. gwJ§Ym 110 - 115 bm§~Q> 40 - 45
g§H$[aV dmU
1. gømÐr - 1 130 - 135 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 65 - 70
2. gømÐr - 2 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 60 - 65
3. gømÐr - 3 125 - 130 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 65 - 70
4. gømÐr - 4 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 60 - 65
5. gømÐr - 5 145 - 150 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 60 - 65
46 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Ima O{‘ZrgmR>r gwYmarV dmU
1. nZdob - 1 125 - 130 AmIyS>, OmS> 35 - 40
2. nZdob - 2 115 - 120 bm§~Q>, ~marH$ 35 - 40
3. nZdob - 3 125 - 130 AmIyS>, OmS> 35 - 40
{~¶mÊ¶mMr {ZdS> d amondm{Q>H$m ì¶dñWmnZ ~rOà{H«$¶m

gwYm[aV/g§H$[aV dmU§mMo {~`mUo emgH$s` `§ÌUoH$Sy>Z AWdm H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m {dH«$s H|$ÐmH$Sy>Z IaoXr H$amdo.
bmJdS>rgmR>r `mo½`, ewÕ, {ZamoJr Am{U XO}Xma {~`mUo dmnamdo. bmdUr nÕVrgmR>r hoŠQ>>ar 35 Vo 40 {H$bmo, noaUr
nÕVrgmR>r 80 Vo 100 {H$bmo d Q>moH$U nÕVrgmR>r 50 Vo 60 {H$bmo {~`mUo dmnamdo. g§H$[aV OmVtH$[aVm hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo
{~`mUo dmnamdo. noaUrnydu {~`mÊ`mg 2.5 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo `mà‘mUo Wmà‘ / H°$ßQ>Z Mmoimdo. Iarn h§Jm‘mgmR>r ^mVmMr noaUr
15 ‘o Vo 15 OyZn`©ªV JmXr dmâ`mda H$amdr. noaUrH$arVm 1 ‘r. é§XrMo, 15 g|.‘r. C§MrMo Am{U Amdí`H$VoZwgma bm§~rMo
JmXrdm\o$ H$amdoV. EH$ hoŠQ>>a joÌmda ^mV bmJdS>rgmR>r 10 Jw§R>o joÌmdarb amondmQ>rH$m nwaoer hmoVo. dm\o$ V`ma H$aVmZm 1 Jw§R>m
joÌmg 250 {H$bmo eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoï> IV Am{U 1 {H$bmo ¶w[a¶m IV Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao ‘mVrV {‘gimdo. noaUr AmoirV d
{dai H$amdr. amonm§À`m Omo‘Xma dmT>rgmR>r noaUrZ§Va 15 {XdgmZr à{VJw§R>m 500 J«°‘ ZÌ Úmdo. Q>moH$U nÕVrV hiì`m OmVr
15 15 g|.‘r. Am{U Jaì`m d {Z‘Jaì`m OmVr 20 15 go§.‘r. Q>mH$mì`mV. noaUr nÕVrV 22.5 g|.‘r. A§Vamda noaUr
H$amdr.
nwZ©bmJdS
amonm§À`m nwZ©bmJUrnydu nma§n[aH$ nÕVrZo qH$dm `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo {MIbUr H$amdr. hiì`m OmVtMr nwZbm©JdS
noaUrZ§Va 21 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr, {Z‘Jaì`m OmVtMr 23 Vo 27 {Xdgm§Zr d Jaì`m OmVtMr 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr.EH$m
MwS>mV 2 Vo 3 amono R>odmdrV. g§H$[aV OmVtgmR>r EH$m MwS>mV 1 Vo 2 amonoM R>odmdrV. `mo½` d`mÀ`m amonm§Mr nwZ©bmJdS> hiì`m
dmUm§_Üò 15 15 go_r, {Z_Jaì`m, Jaì`m Am{U g§H$arV dmUm§_Üò 2015 g§o._r. da H$amdr.
IV ì`dñWmnZ
A) amgm`[ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna : ^mV bmJdS>rgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 100 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 50 {H$bmo nmbme
`mà‘mUmV amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m ‘mÌoMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. hr IV ‘mÌm hiì`m OmVt‘Üò bmJUrÀ`mdoir 50%
ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbme Am{U 50% ZÌ bmJUrZ§Va 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdr; Va {Z‘Jaì`m d Jaì`m OmVt‘Üò
bmJUrÀ`mdoir 40% ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbme, 40% ZÌ bmJUrZ§Va 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr Am{U 20% ZÌ bmJUrZ§Va
55 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdr. g§H$[aV OmVtH$[aVm hoŠQ>ar 120 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 50 {H$bmo nmbme `mà‘mUmV
amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m ‘mÌoMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. hr IV ‘mÌm bmJUrÀ`mdoir 50% ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbme,
25% ZÌ bmJUrZ§Va 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr Am{U Cd©[aV 25% ZÌ bmJUrZ§Va 55 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdr.
~) Mma gyÌr ^mVeoVrMm Adb§~ : 1) ^mV {nH$mÀ`m Adeofm§Mm (^mVmÀ`m VwgmMr amI 0.5 Vo 1.0 {H$bmo à{V Mm¡ag
‘rQ>a amondm{Q>Ho$‘Üò d ^mVmMm n|T>m 2 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>a n{hë`m Zm§JaQ>r doir) \o$admna H$amdm. 2) {JarnwînmMm nmbm 3 Q>Z à{V
hoŠQ>a {MIbUrÀ`mdoir O{‘ZrV JmS>mdm. 3) ^mVmÀ`m gwYm[aV OmVtÀ`m amonm§Mr {Z`§{ÌV bmdU OmoS>Amoi nÕVrZo
(bmdUrMo A§Va 15-25 x 15-25 g|.‘r.). 4) `w[a`m-S>rEnr (60…40) à‘mUmV {~«Ho$Q²>gMm dmna (170 {H$bmo à{V
hoŠQ>a).
H$) O¡{dH$ IVm§Mm dmna : 1) {Zio {hado eodmi (20 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a) ^mV bmJUrZ§Va 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr eoVmV
Q>mH$mdo. 2) A°Pmobm (4 Vo 5 q¹$Q>>b à{V hoŠQ>a) bmJUrZ§Va 10 {Xdgm§Zr eoVmV Q>mH$mdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 47

S>) {hadirÀ`m IVm§Mm dmna : {hadirMo IV Ogo {Jarnwîn, Y¢Mm, VmJ BË`m{X gw‘mao 3 Vo 5 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>a {MIbmV
JmS>mdo. `mH$[aVm {JarnwînmMr bmJdS eoVmÀ`m ~m§Ymda H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m H$modù`m \$m§Úm d nmbm {MIbmV JmS>mdm. VmJ d
Y¢Mm hoŠQ>ar AZwH«$‘o 30 d 40 {H$bmo noamdm Am{U \w$bmoè`mÀ`mdoir O{‘ZrV JmS>mdm.
Am§Va‘emJV
noaUr d Q>moH$U nÕVrZo bmdUr Ho$ë`mg Amdí`H$VoZwgma H$moinUr H$ê$Z VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$amdm. bmdUrZ§Va ^mV
ImMam‘Üò 5 Vo 6 g|.‘r. nmUr R>odë`mg VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d H$‘r {XgyZ òVmo. VUmÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r ã`wQ>mŠbmoa 50 B©gr qH$dm
~|{WAmoH$m~© 50 B©gr ho VUZmeH$ 1.5 {H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$ à{V hoŠQ>a `m à‘mUmV 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ ^mV
bmJUrZ§Va EH$ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m AmV \$dmaUr H$amdr. VUZmeH$ \$dmaUrnydu ^mV ImMamVrb g§nyU© nmUr H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo d
Xwgè`m {Xder nwÝhm nmUr eoVmV âmdo.
_hmamï´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJmV bmJdS> nÕVrÀ`m ^mV eoVr_Üò à^mdr VU {Z`§ÌU d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r
nwZ©bmJdS>rZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr _oQ>°gë\w$am°Z {_WmB©b 10 Q>¸o$ + Šbmoarå`wam°Z BWmB©b 10 Q>¸o$ `mMo 20 J«°_ {dÐmì` V`ma
{_lU (0.004 {H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$) àVr hoŠQ>a 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaÊ`mMr Am{U 45 {Xdgm§Z§Va EH$
IwanUr H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
_hmamï´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJmV noa ^mV eoVr_Üò à^mdr VU {Z`§ÌU d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r noaUrZ§Va XmoZ Vo VrZ
{Xdgm§V 640 {_.br. Am°ŠPrâë`wamo\$oZ 23.5 B©.gr. (0.150 {H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$) àVr hoŠQ>a Am{U noaUrZ§Va 25
{Xdgm§Zr _oQ>°gëâ`wam°Z {_WmB©b 10 Q>¸o$ +Šbmoarå`wam°Z BWmB©b 10 Q>¸o$ `mMo 20 J«°_ {dÐmì` V`ma {_lU (0.004 {H$bmo
{H«$`merb KQ>H$) àVr hoŠQ>a 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
{nH$mÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoZwgma ^mV ImMamVrb nmÊ`mMr nmVir nwT>rbà‘mUo Agmdr (1) amon bmJUrnmgyZ amono [ñWa
hmoB©n`ªV 1 Vo 2 g|.‘r. (2) amonm§À`m dmT>rÀ`m àmW{‘H$ AdñWoV 2 Vo 3 g|.‘r. (3) A{YH$ \w$Q>ì`mÀ`m AdñWoV 3 Vo 5
g|.‘r. (4) ^mV nmoQ>arÀ`m AdñWoV 5 Vo 10 g|.‘r. (5) \w$bmoam d XmUo âÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV 10 g|.‘r. (6) H$mnUrnydu 10
{Xdg AJmoXa nmÊ`mMm {ZMam H$amdm.
Am§Va{nHo$
noaUr nÕVrZo ^mVmMr bmdU Ho$ë`mg Ë`m‘Üò KodS>m, gmo`m~rZ, VmJ `mgmaIr Am§Va{nHo$ KoVm òVmV.
nrH$ g§ajU
^mV {nH$mda ImoS>{H$S>m, bîH$ar Air, nmZo Jw§S>miUmar Air, gwairVrb Air, VwS>VwS>o, ^w§Joao B. {H$S>tMm àmXw^m©d
AmT>iyZ òVmo. ^mV {nH$mÀ`m H$mnUrZ§Va Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z H$mS>rH$Mam, YgH$Q>o Jmoim H$ê$Z Zme H$amdrV OoUoH$ê$Z {H$S>tÀ`m d
amoJm§À`m {Z`§ÌUmg ‘XV hmoVo. {nH$m§À`m \o$anmbQ>m‘wio XoIrb H$sS>, amoJ {Z`§ÌUmg ~è`mM à‘mUmV ‘XV hmoVo.
ImoS>{H$S>çmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nwZbm©JU doioda H$amdr. eŠ` Agë`mg nwZbm©JUrnydu amonm§Mr ‘wio Š`bmoamonmàr\$m°g 0.1%
ÐmdUmV 12 Vmg ~wS>dyZ R>odmdrV. amondm{Q>Ho$‘Üò noaUrZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§Zr \$moaoQ> 10% (hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo ) qH$dm
{¹$Zm°b\$m°g 5% (hoŠQ>ar 15 {H$bmo) qH$dm H$m~m}â`wam°Z 3% (hoŠQ>ar 16.5 {H$bmo) dmnamdo. ~è¶mM {R>H$mUr ^mV ImMamV
IoH$S>çm§Mm CnÐd hmoVmo. Ë¶m§À¶m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r H$m~m©arb 50% 50 J«°‘ qH$dm A°{g\o$Q> 75% 75 J°«‘ ho 1 {H$bmo
{eOdboë¶m ^mVm‘Ü¶o {‘giyZ Jmoù¶m V¶ma H$ê$Z IoH$S>çm§À¶m {~im‘Ü¶o Q>mH$mì¶mV d {~io ~§X H$amdrV.
^mV {nH$mVrb ‘hÎdmMo amoJ åhUOo H$anm, nU©Hw$Odm, nU©H$anm, XmUo a§J{hZVm, H$S>mH$anm, Am^mg‘` H$mOir
BË`mXr. H$S>m H$anm gmoSy>Z BVa amoJm§À¶m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$m°na Am°pŠPŠbmoamB©S> 50% (hoŠQ>ar 1250 J«°‘) qH$dm H$m~}ÝS>°{P‘
48 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

50% (hoŠQ>ar 500 J«°‘) \$dmamdo. amoJmÀ`m Vrd«VoZwgma qH$dm Amdí`H$VoZwgma 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo \$dmaUr H$amdr.
H$S>mH$anm `m amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ^mVmg \w$Q>do òÊ`mÀ`m doir d nrH$ \w$bmoè`mda òÊ`mnydu ñQ´>oßQ>mogm`pŠbZ 75 J«°‘ +
H$m°na Am°pŠgŠbmoamB©S> 1250 J«°‘ à{VhoŠQ>ar 500 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
H$mnUr, ‘iUr Am{U gmR>dU
^mVmÀ`m bm|ã`m‘Yrb 80 Vo 90 Q>¸o$ XmUo nŠd Pmë`mMo {XgVmM {nH$mMr H$mnUr d¡^d {dù`mÀ`m ghmæ¶mZo
O{‘ZrbJV H$amdr. `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo H$mnUr Ho$ë`mg doioV d IMm©Vhr ~MV hmoD$ eH$Vo. H$mnbobm ^mV dmiÊ`mgmR>r
1-2 {Xdg ngéZ R>odmdm d Z§Va ‘iUr H$amdr. Mm§Jbm CVmam {‘iÊ`mgmR>r ‘iUr`§Ì dmnamdo. XmÊ`mVrb Amobmì`mMo à‘mU
12 Vo 14 Q>¸o$ hmoB©n`ªV ^mV dmidmdm. Z§Va dmidyZ H$moaS>çm, ñdÀN> d gwa{jV OmJr YmÝ`mMr gmR>dU H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 49

~mOar bmJdS>
~mOar ho nrH$ ‘hmamï´>mV hb³¶m Vo ‘Ü¶‘ O{‘ZrV KoVbo OmVo. ~mOarÀ¶m OmJ{VH$ CËnmXZmV ^maVmMm gdm©V
‘moR>m dmQ>m (42 Q>³Ho$) Amho. _hmamï´>mV gZ 2013-14 ‘Ü¶o ~mOarImbr 8.11 bmI hoŠQ>a joÌ bmJdS>rImbr hmoVo.
Ë¶mnmgyZ 7.57 bj ‘oQ´>rH$ Q>Z CËnmXZ {‘imbo Amho Va Xa hoŠQ>ar CËnmXH$Vm 933 {H$bmoJ«°_ Amho
O‘rZ
~mOar {nH$mgmR>r nmÊ¶mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar hbH$s Vo ‘Ü¶‘ O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr. O{‘ZrMm gm‘w hm 6.2 Vo 8 Agmdm.
hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV ~mOar ho {nH$ ¿¶md¶mMo Agë¶mg gar-da§~m nÕV ’$m¶Xoera R>aVo.
nyd©‘emJV
O{‘ZrMr 15 go.‘r. n`ªV Imob Zm§JaQ H$amdr. Ë¶mZ§Va Hw$idmÀ`m XmoZ nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$amdr. eodQ>À`m
Hw$idUr AJmoXa à{V hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z / 10 Vo 15 JmS>çm eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoñQ> IV eoVmV ngamdo d Z§Va Hw$idUr H$amdr.
noaUrMr doi : 15 OyZ Vo 15 Owb¡
A.H«$. dmUmMo Zm§d H$mbmdYr ({Xdg) CËnmXZ (p³d¨Q>b/ho) dmUmMr d¡{eï>¶o
A g§H$arV dmU
1. em§Vr 80 Vo 85 30 ‘Ü¶‘ C§Mr, XmUo Q>nmoao d amIr a§JmMo, ^mH$ar
Mdrbm Mm§Jbr Am{U Jmogmdr amoJmg à{VH$maj‘
2. Am{XeŠVr 80 Vo 85 32 Vo 34 H${Ug KÅ>, XmUo R>moH$i, JmobmH$ma d amIr
a§JmMo, Jmogmdr amoJmg à{VH$maj_,
{~OmoËnmoXZmgmR>r \$m`Xo{ea
~ gwYmarV dmU
1. YZe³Vr 74 Vo 78 19 Vo 22 H${Ug KQ²>Q>, XmUo Q>nmoao d amIr a§JmMo, bmohmMo
à‘mU A{YH$, Jmogmdr amoJmg à{VH$maj‘
{~`mÊ`mMr ‘mÌm : 3 Vo 4 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a
~rO à{H«$`m
A) 20 Q>¸o$ {‘R>mÀ`m ÐmdUmMr ~rOà{H«$`m (AaJQ> amoJmgmR>r)
~rOà{H«$`m Ho$bobo à‘m{UV {~`mUo CnbãY Zgë`mg noaUrnydu {~`mÊ`mg 20 Q>¸o$ {‘R>mÀ`m ÐmdUmMr à{H«$`m H$amdr.
Ë`mgmR>r 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 2 {H$bmo ‘rR>> {daKimdo. nmÊ`mda Va§JUmao ~waer`wº$ hbHo$ {~`mUo ~mOybm H$mTy>Z Ë`mMm Zme
H$amdm d Vimbm Agbobo {ZamoJr Am{U dOZmZo OS> Agbobo {~`mUo doJio H$ê$Z nmÊ`mZo 2 Vo 3 doim Ywdmdo Ë`mZ§Va
gmdbrV dmidyZ noaUrgmR>r dmnamdo.
~) ‘oQ>°b°³Prb 35 EgS>r (A°àm°Z) ~rOà{H«$`m (Jmogmdr amoJmgmR>r)
noaUrnydu 6 J«°‘ ‘oQ>°b°ŠPrb 35 EgS>r (A°àm°Z) à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg MmoiyZ Z§Va noaUr H$amdr.
H$) A°Pmopñnarb‘ d ñ’w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy g§dY©ZmMr ~rOà{H«$`m
25 J«°‘ A°Pmopñnarb‘ à{V{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg MmoiyZ noaUr H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio 20 - 25 Q>¸o$ ZÌ IVmV ~MV hmoD$Z
CËnmXZmV 10 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoVo. VgoM ñ’w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUyMr 25 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~¶mUo ¶m à‘mUmV ~rOà{H«$¶m H$amdr.
noaUrMo A§Va : H$moaS>dmhÿ joÌmV XmoZ AmoirV 45 g|.‘r. Am{U XmoZ amonm‘Üò 15 g|.‘r. (1.50 bmI amono/hoŠQ>ar),
{Z`‘rV nmdgmÀ`m {R>H$mUr AWdm nmÊ`mMr gmo` Agob VoWo 30 g|.‘r.x 15 g|.‘r. A§Vamda noaUr H$amdr.
50 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

noaUrMr nÕV : noaUr gar-da§~m nÕV (W|~ W|~ g§M` nÕV) qH$dm gnmQ> dm\o$ nÕVrZo H$amdr. noaUr 2 Vo 3 go§.‘r. nojm
OmñV Imobrda H$ê$ Zò.
Am§VanrH$ : hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV ~mOar + ‘Q>H$s, Va ‘Ü`‘ O‘rZrV ~mOar + Vya (2 : 1 `m à‘mUmV) Am§VanrH$ ¿`mdo. XmoZ
AmoirV 30 g|.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo.
{daiUr : 10 {Xdgm§Zr n{hbr d 20 {Xdgm§Zr Xwgar {daiUr H$éZ XmoZ amonmVrb A§Va 15 g|.‘r. R>odmdo.
amgm¶{ZH$ IVo … 40 {H$. ZÌ, 20 {H$. ñ\w$aX Am{U 20 {H$. nmbme hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV Va 50 {H$. ZÌ Am{U 25 {H$. ñ\w$aX
Am{U 25 {H$. nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar (‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV). noaUrÀ`m doir AYo} ZÌ d g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbme Am{U 25 Vo 30
{Xdgm§Zr AYo} ZÌ (O{‘ZrV Amobmdm AgVmZm) Úmdm. amgm¶{ZH$ IVo noaUrÀ`m doir XmoZ MmS>rÀ`m nmârZo noê$Z ÚmdrV.
Am§Va‘emJV … XmoZ doim H$moinUr d JaOoZwgma XmoZ doim IwanUr H$amdr. noaUr Ho$ë¶mnmgyZ gwê$dmVrMo 30 {Xdg eoV VU
{da{hV R>odUo AË¶§V JaOoMo Amho H$maU ¶mM H$mbmdYrV VU qH$dm {nH$ ¶m§À¶mV hdm, nmUr, AÞÐì¶o Am{U gw¶©àH$me
{‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r ñnYm© hmoV AgVo. EH$mpË‘H$ VU {Z¶§ÌU nÜXVr‘Ü¶o A°Q´>m°{PZ VUZmeH$mMr 1.0 {H$. à{V hoŠQ>ar noaUrZ§Va
na§Vw nrH$ CJdÊ`mnydu 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr d EH$ IwanUr noaUrZ§Va 25-30 {Xdgm§À¶m AmV
H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
~mOar ho H$moaS>dmhþMo nrH$ Amho, na§Vw nmÊ¶mMm VmU nS>ë¶mg d nmUr CnbãY Agë¶mg Imbrb g§doXZj‘ AdñWoV
nmUr {Xë¶mg A{YH$ CËnmXZ {‘iy eH$Vo. n{hbo nmUr \w$Q>do òÊ`mMo doir (noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr) Xwgao nmUr nmoQ>arV
AgVmZm (noaUrZ§Va 35 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr) Am{U {Vgao nmUr XmUo âVo doir (noaUrZ§Va 60 Vo 65 {Xdgm§Zr) Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU
Ho$dS>m qH$dm Jmogmdr
1. nrH$ 20 Vo 21 {Xdgm§Mo Pmë`mZ§Va Ho$dS>m qH$dm Jomgmdr J«ñV amoJQ>> PmS>o CnQy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
2. noaUrZ§Va 14 {Xdgm§Zr H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> 50 Q>¸o$/hoŠQ>ar 1 {H$bmo 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo. `mZ§Va 8
Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr Xwgar \$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm ‘oQ>°b°Šgrb E‘.PoS>. 0.4 Q>¸o$ noaUrZ§Va 20 {Xdgm§Zr \$dmamdo.
3. Jmogmdr qH$dm Ho$dS>m amoJJ«ñV eoVmV nwÝhm ~mOar KoD$ Zò.
4. amoJmg ~ir Z nS>Umao dmU dmnamdoV.
AaJQ
>1. 20 Q>ŠHo$ {‘R>mÀ`m ÐmdUmMr ~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr.
2. H$Ugo ~mhoa nS>Ê`mnydu Wmà‘ (0.1 Vo 0.15 Q>ŠHo$) qH$dm H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> + Wmà‘ (2…1) 500 Vo 600 J«°‘
`m à‘mUmV XmoZ Vo VrZ doim \$dmaUr H$amdr.
3. Ceram noaUr H$ê$ Zò, amoJQ> PmS>o CnQy>Z Zï> H$amdr.
4. Imob Zm§JaQ> d {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr.
gmogo AWdm qhJo
gH$miMo doir dmam em§V AgVm§Zm H$Ugmda {_{Wb n°am{WAm°Z (\$m°brS>m°b) 2% ^wH$Q>r hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo `mà_mUmV
Ywaimdr.
ImoS> {H$S> qH$dm ImoS> _mer
_obm°{WAm°Z 50% àdmhr 14 {_br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmamdo.
bîH$ar Air qH$dm Ho$gmi Air
{_{Wb n°am{WAm°Z (\$m°brS>m°b) 2 Q>¸o$ ^wH$Q>r hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo Ywaimdr.
H$mT>Ur d ‘iUr … hmVmZo H$Urg Xm~bo AgVm Ë¶mVwZ XmUo gwQ>Uo VgoM XmVmImbr XmUm Mmdë¶mZ§Va H$Å> Agm AmdmO
Amë¶mg {nH$ H$mnUrg ¶mo½¶ Amho Ago g‘Omdo. VmQ>mMr H$Ugo {dù¶mZo H$mnyZ Jmoim H$éZ dmidwZ ‘iUr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … darb gYwmarV VÌ§mMm Adb~§ H$oë¶mg YmÝ¶mMo h³oQ>ar 25 Vo 30 p³dQ¨>b Am{U Mmè¶mMo 5 Vo 7 Q>Z CËnmXZ {‘iy eH$V.o
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 51

aã~r Ádmar
O‘rZ
‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O{‘ZrV Amob OmñV H$mi {Q>H$dyZ ahmV Agë`mZo Aem O{‘ZrV aã~r ÁdmarMr noaUr H$amdr.
gd©gmYmaUnUo 5.5 Vo 8.5 gm‘w AgUmè`m O{‘ZrV Ádmar KoVm òVo. aã~r ÁdmarMr noaUr ‘moR>`m à‘mUmV {Oam`Vr joÌmda
Ho$br OmVo. {Oam`Vr joÌmda OmñV CËnmXZ òÊ`mgmR>r O{_ZrMr {ZdS> dmUmZwgma H$amdr.
nyd© ‘emJV
nmdgmMo nmUr O{‘ZrV ‘waÊ`mgmR>r CÝhmi`mV CVmamg AmS>dr eoVr ‘emJVrMr H$m‘o H$amdrV. Zm§JaQ> Pmë`mZ§Va hoŠQ>ar
JmS>çm eoUIV O{‘ZrV {‘giyZ Úmdo. Ë`mZ§Va Hw$idmÀ`m nmi`m XoD$Z eoVmVrb H$mS>r H$Mam YgH$Q>o doMyZ eoV gm’$ H$amdo.
nmdgmMo nmUr gmR>dyZ R>odÊ`mgmR>r O_rZrÀ`m CVmamda dm\o V`ma H$amdoV. (3.60 3.60 Mm¡.‘r. AmH$mamMo) dm\o$ V`ma
H$aVm§Zm gmam `§ÌmZo gmao H$éZ Ë`m‘Üò ~iram‘ Zm§JamZo X§S> Q>mH$ë`mg H$‘r IMm©V dm\o$ V`ma H$aVm òVmV. gXa dm\o$ aã~r
ÁdmarÀ`m noaUrnydu 45 {Xdg AJmoXa H$amdoV åhUOo 15 gßQ>|~a Vo 15 AmŠQ>mo~a hm H$mi aã~r ÁdmarMr H$moaS>dmhÿ joÌm_Üò
noaUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r {e\$mag Ho$bobm Amho Voìhm 15 gßQ>|~a nydu 45 {Xdg åhUOo Am°JñQ> _{hÝ`mÀ`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmV
dm\o$ V`ma H$amdo. noaUrnydu OodT>m nmD$g nS>oZ VodT>m Ë`m_Üò {Oadmdm. noaUrÀ`m doir dm\o$ _moSy>Z noaUr H$amdr d nyÝhm gmam
`§ÌmÀ`m ghm`mZo Jhÿ haâm {nH$mgmaIo dm\o$ nmSy>Z AmS>do X§S> nmS>mdoV åhUOo noaUrZ§Va nmD$g nS>ë`mda Vmo AmS>dyZ {OadVm
òB©b. `m V§Ìmbm _wbñWmZr nmUr ì`dñWmnZ Ago åhQ>bo OmVo. `m V§Ìm_wio aã~r ÁdmarMo 30-35 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
gwYm[aV dmU
H$moaS>dmhÿ Am{U ~mJm`Vr joÌmgmR>r aã~r ÁdmarMo {e\$mag Ho$bobo gwYm[aV / g§H$[aV dmU O{‘ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma
dmnamdoV.
1) hbH$s O‘rZ (Imobr 30 go|.‘r. n`©§V) : \w$bo AZwamYm, \w$bo ‘mD$br.
2) ‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ (Imobr 60 go|.‘r. n`©§V) : \w$bo gw{MÌm, \w$bo ‘mD$br, \w$bo {MÌm, naÛr ‘moVr, ‘mbXm§S>r-35-1,
3) ^mar O‘rZ (60 go|.‘r. nojm OmñV) : gwYm[aV dmU…\w$bo dgwYm, \w$bo èmoXm, gr.Eg.ìhr.22, nr. Ho$. ìhr. H«$m§Vr,
g§H$[aV dmU … gr. Eg. EM. 15 Am{U gr. Eg. EM. 19
4) ~mJm`VrgmR>r … \w$bo aodVr, \w$bo dgwYm, gr. Eg. ìhr. 18, gr. Eg. EM. 15 d gr. Eg. EM. 19,
5) hþaS²>`mgmR>r dmU … \w$bo CÎmam, \w$bo _Ywa
6) bmøm§gmR>r dmU … \w$bo n§M‘r
7) nmnS>mgmR>r dmU … \w$bo amohrUr
noaUr
aã~r h§Jm‘mV ÁdmarMr noaUr 15 gßQ>|~a Vo 15 Am°ŠQ>mo~a `m H$mbmdYrV nmdgmÀ`m Amobrda 5 go|.‘r. Imobrn`©§V
H$amdr. ÁdmarMo Ano{jV CËnmXZ {‘idÊ`mgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 1.48 bmI amono R>odUo OéarMo Amho. Ë`mH$[aVm ÁdmarMr noaUr
4515 go§.‘r. A§Vamda H$amdr. noaUrnydu à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 4 J«°‘ J§YH$ (300 ‘oe nmoVmMo) Mmoimdo VgoM 25 J«°‘
A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a d nr.Eg.~r. H$ëMa MmoimdoV. ~mJm`V ÁdmarMo Ano{jV CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r ÁdmarMr noaUr 45
12 g|.‘r.A§Vamda H$amdr. {OdmUy g§dY©ZmMr à{H«$`m H$éZ hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo {~`mUo dmnamdo. noaUrgmR>r XmoZ MmS>çmMr nmâ
dmnê$Z EH$mM doir IV d {~`mUo noamdo.
52 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

EH$mpË‘H$ AÝZÐì` ì`dñWmnZ
aã~r ÁdmarMo g§H$[aV d gwYm[aV dmU ZÌ IVmg Mm§Jbm à{VgmX XoVmV. H$moaS>dmhy Ádmarg 1 {H$bmo ZÌ {Xë`mg 10 Vo
15 {H$bmo YmÝ¶mMo CËnÞ dmT>V Agë¶mMo à¶moJmA§Vr AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
O{‘ZrMm IVmMo hoŠQ>ar à‘mU ({H$bmo)
àH$ma H$moaS>dmhÿ ~mJm`Vr
ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
hbH$s 25 - - - - -
‘Ü`‘ 40 20 - 80 *
40 40
^mar 60 30 - 100 *
50 50
*
ZÌ XmoZ hßË¶mV (noaUrModoir AY} d noaUrZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ¶mZo AY}), g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbme noaUrÀ¶m doiog Úmdo.
H$moaS>dmhÿ O{‘Zrg g§nyU© ZÌ Am{U ñ\w$aX XmoZ MmS>çmÀ¶m nmârZo noê$Z ¿¶mdo.
nrH$ \o$anmbQ>
IarnmV ‘yJ, CS>rX, ^wB©‘yJ Am{U gmo`m~rZ hr {nHo$ KoD$Z Z§Va aã~r h§Jm‘mV ÁdmarMr noaUr Ho$br AgVm 20 Vo 30
{H$bmo ZÌmMr ~MV hmoVo. VWm{n, gmo`m~rZ-aã~r Ádmar hm nrH$ H«$‘ {deofV… ~mJm`VrgmR>r Am{W©H$Ñï>`m Am{U A{YH$
CËnmXZmgmR>r \$m`Xoera {XgyZ Ambm Amho.
Am§Va‘emJV
{nH$mÀ`m gwédmVrÀ`m 35 Vo 40 {XdgmV VU d {nH$m‘Üò AÝZÐì` O{‘ZrVyZ emofUmgmR>r Vrd« ñnYm© AgVo. Ë`m‘wio
gwédmVrg 35 Vo 40 {XdgmV nrH$ VU{da{hV R>odUo ‘hËdmMo Amho. noaUrZ§Va Amdí`H$VoZwgma 1 Vo 2 doim qZXUr Am{U
3 doim H$moinUr H$amdr. n{hbr H$moinUr noaUrZ§Va 3 AmR>dS>`m§Zr \$Q>rÀ`m H$moiß`mZo, Xwgar noaUrZ§Va 5 AmR>dS>`m§Zr
nmgoÀ`m H$moiß`mZo Am{U {Vgar 8 AmR>dS>çm§Zr XmVoar H$moiß`mZo H$amdr. eodQÀ`m H$moinUrÀ`m doir H$moiß`mbm Xmoar
~m§YyZ H$moinUr Ho$ë`mg {nH$m§À`m ‘wim§Zm ‘mVrMr â {Xbr OmB©b d eoVmV gè¶m nS>ë`m‘wio nmdgmMo nmUr YéZ R>odÊ`mg
‘XV hmoB©b.
H$moaS>dmhy joÌmV AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna
O{‘ZrVyZ 60 Vo 70 Q>ŠHo$ Amobmdm ~mînr^dZm‘wio Zmhrgm hmoVmo. hm Amobmdm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r eoVmVyZ H$mT>bobo VU,
VyaH$mQ>`m `m§Mm dmna AmÀN>mXZmgmR>r H$amdm. AmÀN>mXZ Ádmar noaë`mnmgyZ 50 {Xdgm§À`m AmV Q>mH$Uo ‘hËdmMo Amho.
AmÀN>mXZm‘wio CËnmXZmV 14 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªV dmT> hmoVo Ago à`moJmA§Vr AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> d amoJ {Z`§ÌU
ÁdmarÀ`m ‘hËdmÀ`m {H$S>r> åhUOo ImSo>‘mer, ImSo>{H$S>m, ‘mdm, VSw>VSy>,o bmb H$mi o r> Am{U H$UgmVrb Ai`m
øm hmVo. `m {H$S>tMm àmX^wmd© Am{WH©$ ZHw$gmZrÀ`m nmVir Imbr R>doÊ`mgmR>r EH$mpË‘H$ H$rS> {Z`Ì§U nÜXVrMm dmna
H$amdm, `m‘Üò `m½o` Ë`m ‘emJVr VÌ§mMm dmna H$éZ {H$S>rMo {Z`Ì§U H$aUo ‘hËdmMo R>aV.o ‘emJV VÌ§m‘Üò O{‘ZrVrb
gßwVmdñWVo Agbëo`m {H$S>r d Ë`mM § r AS§>r BË`mXtMr njr d BVa H$sQ>H$^jH$ àmÊ`mH§$S>yZ VgM o dmVmdaUmVrb
CîUV‘oi w o Zme H$obm OmVmo d H$sQ>H$mM § r g»§`m ‘`mX©rV hmVo.o Ë`mH$[aVm CÝhmi`mV O{‘ZrMr ZmJ§aUr H$éZ 2-3
H$widmÀ`m nmi`m XU o o Amdí¶H$ Amh.o ÁdmarMm H$S>~m OZmdamZ§m ImÊ`mg XVomZ§m, Ë`mMo ~marH$ VHw$S>o (H$wQ>r) H$oë`mg
H$mfomMm ‘mRo>`m à‘mUmV Zme hmVom.o nawgom nmD$g nS>ë`mda eŠ` {VVŠ`m bdH$a ({e\$maerZgwma) ÁdmarMr naoUr H$oë`mg
ImSo>‘mernmgZy nrH$ dmM{dVm `Vo.o naoUr di o Vo åhUOM o 15 gßQ>~|a Vo 15 AmŠQ>m~oa ¶m H$mbmdYrV H$amdr. gYwmarV dmU \$wbo
AZawmYm, \$wbo {MÌm, \$wbo g{wMÌm, \$wbo dgYwm, \$wbo adoVr naoUrgmR>r dmnamd.o VgM o eVoH$-`mZ§r EH$mM di o r nŠd hmU
o mè¶m
OmVrMr naoUr H$amdr. h`m ì`{V[aŠV {nH$mM § o \$oanmbQ> hm gÜwXm EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> {Z`Ì§UmMm EH$ ‘hËdmMm KQ>H$ Amh.o
naoUrndyu {~`mÊ`mg§ Wm`m‘oWomŠoPm‘ 35E’$ Eg 10 {‘.br. qH$dm B{‘S>Š°bmàorS> 48 E\$. E_. 10 {_. br. + 20 {‘.br.
nmUr 1 {H$bmo {~`mUo `m à‘mUmV H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mMr ~rO à{H$«`m H$amdr. naoUrZV§a 8 Vo 10 {XdgmZ§r gmYmaU 10 Q>¸$o n`Vª nmJ|o
‘a AmT>iZy Amë`mg Am{WH©$ ZHw$gmZrÀ`m nmVirn`Vª ImSo>‘merMm àmX^wmd© Pmbm Amh.o Ago g‘OZy Ë`mgmR>r qZ~mi o r AH$©
5 Q>¸$o qH$dm 25% àdmhr p³dZmb\$mg° 15 {‘.br. àVr 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV 1 qH$dm 2 ’$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 53

aã~r Ádmarda gmYmaUnUo {XgUmao amoJ åhUOo IS>IS>çm, nmZmdarb H$anm, Vm§~oam, {MH$Q>m Am{U H$UgmVrb H$mUr.
noaUrnydu {~`mÊ`mg J§YH$mMr à{H«$`m H$amdr åhUOo H$mUr òV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r 1 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 300 ‘oe J§YH$mMr 4 J°‘
`mà‘mUo Mmoimdo. IS>IS>`m amoJmÀ`m àmXw^m©dmg O{‘ZrVrb nmÊ`mMr H$‘VaVm Am{U OmñV CîUVm‘mZ AZwHy$b AgVo.
Ë`mgmR>r {deofV: nrH$ \w$bmo-`mV AgVm§Zm nmÊ`mMm VmU Agë`mg {nH$m§g EImXo nmUr Úmdo VgoM VyaH$mQ>`mMo AmÀN>mXZ
hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z `m à‘mUmV noaUrZ§Va Mm¡Ï`m AmR>dS>`mV Ho$ë`mg IS>IS>çm amoJm‘wio VmQ>o bmoiÊ`mMo à‘mU 42 Q>ŠŠ`m§Zr H$‘r
hmoD$Z YmÝ` CËnmXZmV 14 Q>ŠŠ`mZo dmT> hmoVo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
H$moaS>dmhy aã~r Ádmarg g§a{jV nmUr CnbãY Agë`mg nrH$ J^m©dñWoV AgVm§Zm noaUrZ§Va 28 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr qH$dm
nrH$ nmoQ>arV AgVm§Zm noaUrZ§Va 50 Vo 55 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. XmoZ nmUr XoUo eŠ` Agë`mg darb XmoÝhr ZmOyH$ AdñWoV
Ádmarbm nmUr Úmdo. ~mJm`Vr Ádmar‘Üò ‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV {Vgao nmUr \w$bmo-`mV AgVm§Zm noaUrZ§Va 70 Vo 75 {Xdgm§Zr
Am{U H$UgmV XmUo âVm§Zm noaUrZ§Va 90 Vo 95 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. ^mar O{‘ZrV Ádmarbm Mm¡Ï`m nmÊ`mMr JaO ^mgV Zmhr.
ÁdmarMr H$mT>Ur
ÁdmarMo nrH$ OmVrnaËdo 110 Vo 130 {Xdgm§V H$mT>Urg V`ma hmoVo. Ádmar H$mT>UrÀ`m doir H$UgmVrb XmUo Q>UH$
hmoVmV. XmUo ImD$Z nm{hë`mg àW‘ \w$Q>Vm§Zm Q>M AmdmO òVmo Am{U Ádmar {nR>mi bmJVo. Ë`mà‘mUo ÁdmarMo ~maH$mB©Zo
{ZarjU Ho$ë`mg XmÊ`mÀ`m Q>moH$mH$S>rb ^mJmOdi H$mim {R>nH$m AmT>iyZ òVmo. hr bjUo {XgVmM ÁdmarMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr.
Ádmar H$mT>UrZ§Va 8 Vo 10 {Xdg H$Ugo CÝhmV dmidyZ ‘iUr H$amdr. YmÝ` C\$UZr H$éZ V`ma Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`mbm nwÝhm
gmR>dUwH$snydu CÝhmV dmidmdo. gd©gmYmaUnUo 50 {H$bmoMr nmoVr ^éZ R>odë`mg nwT>o ~mOmanoR>oV {dH«$s H$aUo gmono OmVo.
CËnmXZ
ÁdmarMr Aem àH$mao gwYm[aV V§ÌmZo bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg H$moaS>dmhy ÁdmarMo hoŠQ>ar hbŠ`m O{‘Zrda 8-10 q¹$Q>b,
‘Ü`‘ O{‘Zrda 20-25 q¹$Q>b, ^mar O{‘Zrda 25-30 q¹$Q>b Va ~mJm`Vr ÁdmarMo 30 Vo 35 pŠd§Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
Ë`mM~amo~a H$moaS>dmhy joÌmV YmÝ`mnojm XwßnQ> Va ~mJm`VrV AS>rM Vo VrZnQ> H$S>ã`mMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
Iarn Ádmar
Iarn ÁdmarMr `mo½` doir noaUr, g§H${aV d gwYm[aV dmUm§Mm dmna, amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna, `mo½` doir nmUr
ì`dñWmnZ Am{U nrH$ g§ajU BË`mXr ~m~tMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg Iarn ÁdmarMo âKmog CËnmXZ {‘iÊ`mg {ZpíMVM ‘XV
hmoB©b. Ë`mgmR>r Imbr Z‘yX Ho$boë`m ~m~tMm eoVH$è`m§Zr Adb§~ H$aUo AmdíH$ Amho.
O{‘ZrMr {ZdS>
Mm§Jbm {ZMam Agbobr d 5.5 Vo 8.5 gm‘y Agboë`m O{‘ZrV ho nrH$ KoVm òVo. {MH$U nmo`Q>`mMr, ‘Ü`‘ H$mir
O‘rZ Iarn Ádmarg `mo½` Amho.
g§H$[aV dmU
gr.Eg.EM.-5, gr.Eg.EM.-9, gr.Eg.EM.-13, gr.Eg.EM.-14, gr.Eg.EM.-16, gr.Eg.EM.-17,
gr.Eg.EM.-18, gr.Eg.EM.-21, gr.Eg.EM.-23, gr.Eg.EM. 25
gwYm[aV dmU
Eg.nr.ìhr.-462, gr.Eg.ìhr.-13, gr.Eg.ìhr.-15, gr.Eg.ìhr.-17, nr.ìhr.Ho$.-801, gr.Eg.ìhr.20 d
gr.Eg.ìhr. -23.
JmoS> Ádmar
Eg.Eg.ìhr.-84,gr.Eg.ìhr.-24Eg.Eg.,gr.Eg.ìhr.-19Eg.Eg.,gr.Eg.EM.-22Eg.Eg.d
E.Ho$.Eg.Eg.ìhr. 22, \w$bo dgw§Yam (g§H$[aV dmU)
54 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nyd©‘emJV
{hdmi`mV qH$dm AJmoXaMo nrH$ {ZKmë`m~amo~a O{‘ZrMr Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. M¡Ì-d¡emI ‘{hÝ`mV n{hbr Hw$idmMr/
dIamMr Imob nmir Úmdr. Ë`mZ§Va 2 Vo 3 doim dIamÀ`m nmi`m X`mì`mV. eodQ>À`m nmirnydu 10 Vo12 JmS>`m n«Vr
hoŠQ>ar eoUIV O{‘ZrV {‘gimdo.
noaUrMr doi
Z¡F$¥Ë` ‘mÝgyZMm Mm§Jbm nmD$g Pmë`mda dmngm òVmM noaUr bdH$a H$amdr (eŠ`Vmo Owb¡À`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>`mV)
nmÊ`mMr gmo` Agë`mg OyZÀ`m eodQ>À`m AmR>dS>`mV noaUr H$amdr. bdH$a noaUr Ho$ë`mg ImoS>‘merMm CnÐd H$‘r hmoVmo.
amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna
Iarn Ádmarg 100 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 50 {H$bmo nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo. g§nyU© ñ\w$aX, nmbme Am{U AY}
ZÌ noaUrÀ`m doir Úmdo. Cabobo ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. Iarn Ádmarg 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 250 J«°‘ A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a
qH$dm A°Pmopñnarb‘ ho {OdmUy IV Mmoimdo. Ë`m‘wio 15 Vo 20 Q>ŠHo$ CËnmXZ dmT>Vo.
noaUr
noaUr {V\$UrZo/XmoZ MmS>`mÀ`m nmârZo H$amdr. XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 45 g|.‘r. d XmoZ amonmVrb 15 g|.‘r. BVHo$ A§Va
R>odmdo. noaUrg hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo gwYm[aV {~`mUo dmnamdo.
{daiUr
n{hbr {daiUr noaUrZ§Va 10 Vo 12 {Xdg§mZr Am{U Xwgar {daiUr noaUrZ§Va 20-22 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr. {daiUrZ§Va
1.80 bmI n`ªV `mo½` amonm§Mr g§»`m R>odmdr.
Am§Va[nHo$ d H«$‘dma {nHo$
nQ>Q>m nÜXVrZo Vya ho Am§VanrH$ 2:1 `m à‘mUmV ¿`mdo (XmoZ Amoir ÁdmarÀ`m d EH$ Amoi VwarMr qH$dm XmoZ nmâr
ÁdmarÀ`m d EH$ nmâ VwarMr noamdr). VgoM Vya EodOr ‘yJ, CS>rX d Mdir `mgmaIr Am§VanrHo$ XoIrb KoVm òVmV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
ÁdmarÀ`m {nH$mg, {nH$mMm Omo‘Xma dmT>rMm H$mi (28 Vo 30 {Xdg), nrH$ nmoQ>arV òÊ`mMm H$mi (50 Vo 75 {Xdg),
\w$bmo-`mV òÊ`mMm H$mi (80 Vo 90 {Xdg) d XmUo âÊ`mMm H$mi (95 Vo 100 {Xdg) `m Mma AdñWoV Oéarà‘mUo eŠ`
Pmë`mg nmUr Úmdo. nmUr eŠ`Vmo gmam nÜXVrZoM Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV
IarnmV VUm§Mm àmXw©^md OmñV Agë`m‘wio XmoZ IwanÊ`m d XmoZ H$moinÊ`m H$amì`mV. IwanUr d H$moinUr nrH$
noaUrZ§Va 40 Vo 45 {Xdg§mnydu H$amdr. eŠ` Pmë`mg A°Q´>°PrZ ho VUZmeH$ hoŠQ>ar 1 {H$bmo 1000 brQ>a nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw {~`mUo CJdÊ`mnydu O{‘Zrda gma»`m à‘mUmV \$dmamdo. VUZmeH$ \$dmaë`mZ§Va EH$ [Z§XUr qH$dm
H$moinUr H$amdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
A) {H$S>r
ImoS>‘mer
`m {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ òVmM 5% qZ~moir AH©$ qH$dm 25% àdmhr p³dZm°b\$m°g 300 {‘br 200 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ CJdUrZ§Va 7 {Xdgm§Zr \$dmaUr H$amdr. Xwgar \$dmaUr EH$ AmR>dS>çm§Zo H$amdr.
ImoS>{H$S>m
`m {H$S>rÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r 5% qZ~moir AH$m©Mr ’$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm p³dZm°b’$m°g 5% XmUoXma 15 {H$bmo ho³Q>ar
¶m à‘mUmV nm|½¶mV Q>mH$mdo.
bîH$ar Air d H$UgmVrb Air
`m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {ŠdZm°b\$m°g 1.5 Q>ŠHo$ ^wH$Q>r qH$dm ‘°b°{WAm°Z 5 Q>ŠHo$ ^wH$Q>r qH$dm H$m~m©arb 10 Q>ŠHo$
^wH$Q>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo `m à‘mUmV dmam em§V AgVm§Zm YwaiUr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 55

EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌU
EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> qZ`ÌU ho EH$ ì`dñWmnZ V§Ì Amho. `m V§Ìm‘Üò CnbãY Agboë`m {Za{Zami`m H$sS> {Z`§ÌU Cnm`m§Mm
g‘Ýd` gmYyZ {H$S>tMr g§»`m Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrÀ`m nmVirÀ`m Imbr {Z`§[ÌV Ho$br OmVo.
1) CÝhmi`mV O{‘ZrMr Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio O{‘ZrVrb Ai`m d BVa {H$S>r CKS>`m nSyZ ^jñWmZr nS>Vrb
qH$dm gy`©àH$mem‘wio Zme nmdVrb.
2) ÁdmarMr noaUr ‘mÝgyZMm nmD$g nS>VmM bdH$a H$amdr.
3) {~`mUo hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo EodOr 12 {H$bmo dmnamdo. VrZ Vo Mma AmR>dS>`m§Zr {daiUr H$éZ ImoS>‘merJ«ñV PmS>o CnQy>Z
Q>mH$mdrV.
4) H$rS à{V~§YH$ dmUmMr noaUr H$amdr. CXm. gwYm[aV dmU Eg.nr.ìhr.-462, gr.Eg.ìhr.-13, gr.Eg.ìhr.-15
Am{U gr.Eg.ìhr.-23 øm ImoS>‘mer à{V~§YH$ dmUmMr noaUr H$amdr. {~`mÊ`mg B{‘S>°ŠbmoàrS> 48 E\$.Eg. 10
{‘.br. à{V {H$bmo {~¶mÊ¶mg à{V {H$bmo {~`mUo `m à‘mUmV ~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr.
5) ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, BË`mXr ag emofU H$aUmè`m {H$S>tgmR>r ~m§YmH$S>rb O{‘ZrMr Mm§Jbr ‘emJV H$amdr. dgmdm hmoUmar
‘moR>r PmS>o VmoSy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
6) {H$S>tMm nyU© Zme Z H$aVm Ë`m§Mr g§»`m {nH$m§Mo Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ H$aUma Zmhr Aem nmVirda R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$amdm.
OoUoH$éZ Z¡g{J©H$ g‘Vmob gmYbm OmB©b, hm EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmMm CXX²>oe Amho. Ë`m‘wio AdmOdr \$dmaUr
H$‘r hmoB©b Am{U eoVH$è`m§Mm hmoUmam IM© H$‘r hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
7) qb~moirnmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobo ÐmdU \$dmaUrgmR>r dmnamdo. OoUoH$éZ n`m©daUmMo àXwfU amoIÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
8) {H$S>tMr g§»`m Ooìhm Zo‘H$s Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZrÀ`m nmVirÀ`m da OmÊ`mMm g§^d Amho Voìhm§M H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
9) IVm§Mm d nmÊ`mMm dmna `mo½` d Amdí`H$VoZwgma H$amdm.
~) amoJ
H$anm
`m amoJm‘wio nmZo H$anVmV d Z§Va OiVmV. `mgmR>r H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> 4 J«°‘ à{V {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
H$mUr
H$mUrÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ÁdmarÀ`m 1 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 4 J°«‘ (300 ‘oe nmoVmMr) J§YH$mMr ^wH$Q>r MmoiyZ noaUr H$amdr
{Pàs qH$dm H$mim Jmogmdr `m amoJmMr PmS>o {XgVmM Zï> H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio amoJmMm àgma Wm§~Ê`mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
XmÊ`mdarb ~waer (J«oZ‘moëS>)
`m amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$m~©oÝS>oPr‘ (0.1 Q>ŠHo$) + Wmà‘ (0.2 Q>ŠHo$) qH$dm H°$ßQ>Z (0.2 Q>ŠHo$) + S>m`WoZ E‘.
45 (0.2 Q>ŠHo$) qH$dm A°ar`mo\§$OrZ (200 nr.nr.E‘.) + H°$ßQ>Z (0.2 Q>ŠHo$) `m ~waerZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr \w$bmoè`mZ§Va
H$amdr. Xwgar \$dmaUr 15 {Xdgm§Zr qH$dm XmUo nŠd AdñWoV AgVm§Zm d {Vgar \$dmaUr nmD$g Amë`mg H$amdr.
H$mnUr d ‘iUr
H$UgmMm Xm§S>m {ndim Pmbm åhUOo nrH$ V`ma Pmbo Ago g‘Omdo. H$UgmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ^mJmVrb XmUo Q>UH$ Pmë`mda
{nH$mMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr. VgoM H$UgmVrb XmÊ`mMm ImbMm ^mJ H$mim Pmbm åhUOo nrH$ H$mT>Urg V`ma hmoVo. H$mnUrÀ`m
doiog gmYmaUnUo 17 Vo 18 Q>ŠHo$ Amobmì`mMo à‘mU AgVo. gwa{jV gmR>dUrgmR>r YmÝ`mVrb Amobmdm 10 Vo 11 Q>ŠHo$
Agmdm.
CËnmXZ
gwYm[aV V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Ho$ë`mg gwYm[aV dmUm§nmgyZ hoŠQ>ar 25 Vo 30 q¹$Q>b Va g§H$[aV dmUmnmgyZ hoŠQ>ar 40 Vo 45
q¹$Q>b YmÝ` CËnmXZ òVo.
56 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Jhÿ
‘hmamï>´>mV KoVë`m OmUmè`m AÞYmÝ` {nH$m§n¡H$s Jhÿ ho aã~r h§Jm‘mVrb EH$ ‘hËdmMo nrH$ Amho. Jhÿ hm {Oam`V d
~mJm`V Aem XmoÝhr àH$mao KoVbm OmVmo. ¶m {nH$mImbr gZ 2013-14 ‘Üò 10.96 bmI hoŠQ>a joÌ hmoVo d Ë`mnmgyZ
16.02 bmI Q>Z CËnmXZ {‘imbo. ‘hmamï>´>mVrb JìhmMo gamgar CËnmXZ 1461 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar Amho. ^maVmÀ`m gamgar
CËnmXH$Voer (3120 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a) VwbZm H$aVm amÁ`mMr CËnmXH$Vm \$maM H$‘r Amho. ‘hmamï>´>mVrb JìhmMo H$‘r CËnmXZ
òÊ`mMr H$maUo åhUOo H$moaS>dmhÿ JìhmMr bmJdS>, nmUrnwadR>m nrH$ AdñWoZwgma Z H$aUo, gwYm[aV dmUm§Mm dmna Z H$aUo,
nrH$ g§ajUmMm A^md, ‘emJV V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ Z H$aUo Am{U JìhmMr C[eam noaUr H$aUo hr AmhoV.
O‘rZ
~mJm`Vr JìhmgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar, ^mar d Imob O{‘ZrMr {ZdS> H$amdr. VWm{n, ‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV
âIVo d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna Ho$ë`mg CËnmXZ Mm§Jbo KoVm òB©b, {Oam`V Jhÿ ‘mÌ OmñV nmD$g nS>Umè`m d O{‘ZrV
Amobmdm {Q>H$dyZ YaUmè`m ^mar Aem O{‘ZrVM ¿`mdm. eŠ`Vmo hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV Jhÿ KoÊ`mMo Q>mimdo.
‘emJV
Jhÿ {nH$mÀ`m ‘ùw `m O{‘ZrV 60 Vo 75 g.|‘r.Imb o da OmVmV. åhUZy `m {nH$mgmR>r MmJ§br ^gwê w rV O{‘ZrMr {ZdS>
H$amdr. Ë`mgmR>r O{‘ZrMr `m½o` d nawe
o r ‘emJV H$aUo AË`V§ Amdí`H$ AgV.o ‘hmamï>>´mV JìhmMr bmJdS> Iarn hJ§m‘mVrb
nrH$ {ZKmë`mZV§a H$aVmV. Iarn hJ§m‘mVrb nrH$ {ZKmë`mda O‘rZ bmI o S§>r ZmJ§amZo 15 Vo 20 g.|‘r. Imb o da ZmJ§amdr. Ë`mZV§a
H$widmÀ`m 3-4 nmù`m XDo$Z O‘rZ MmJ§br ^gwê w rV H$amdr. edoQ>À`m H$widUrÀ`m AJmXoa 20 Vo 25 ~b ¡ JmS>çm MmJ§bo
H$wObbo o eUoIV/H$§nmñoQ> IV ngadZy Q>mH$md.o VgM
o ndyuÀ`m {nH$mM
§ r YgH$Q>o d BVa H$mS>r H$Mam dM o Zy eVo ñdÀN> H$amd.o
gwYm[aV dmU
noaUrgmR>r JìhmÀ`m gwYm[aV dmUm§Mm dmna Pmë`m‘wio VgoM ‘emJVrÀ`m ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`m‘wio
‘hmamï>´>mMo JìhmMo gamgar à{VhoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ 482 {H$bmodê$Z 1461 {H$bmon`ªV dmT>bo Amho. ‘hmamï>´> amÁ`mÀ`m H$mhr
^mJmV ^mV {nH$mZ§Va JìhmMr noaUr H$aVmV. Aem nrH$ nÕVrV ^mVmZ§Va Jhÿ ¿`md`mMm Agë`mg Am{U 2-3 nmÊ`mÀ`m
nmù`m§Mr gw{dYm Agë`mg {Z\$mS>-34 hm C[eam noaUrgmR>r \$ma Mm§Jbm dmU Amho. Ë`m‘wio `m dmUmMr {e\$mag ~mJm`Vr
C[eam noaUrgmR>r H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. EZAmÈS>ãë`y-301 (Í`§~H$), EZAmÈS>ãë`y-917(VnmodZ), E‘EgrEg-
6122 ho ga~Vr dmU d EZAm`S>rS>ãë`y-295(JmoXmdar) hm ~jr dmU ~mJm`Vr doioda noaUr H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdm.
~mJm`Vr joÌmV VgoM ga~Vr JìhmMm g‘mYmZ (EZ.Am¶.Ey. S>ãë¶w. 1994) hm dmU Cn¶w³V Amho. ~mJm¶Vr C[eam
noaUrgmR>r EZAmÈS>ãë`y-34 Am[U EH$oES>ãë`w -4627 `m dmUmà‘mUoM {Oam`V noaUrgmR>r EZAm`S>rS>ãë`y- 15
(n§MdQ>r), EH$oS>rS>ãë`w-2997-16 (eaX) hm dmU Cn`wº$ Amho. nmÊ`mMr CnbãYVm H$‘r à‘mUmV Agë`mg
EZ.Am`.E.S>ãë`y-1415 (ZoÌmdVr) `m dmUmMr bmJdS> H$aÊ`mV `mdr. darbà‘mUo noaUrÀ`m doioZwgma gwYm[aV dmUm§Mm
Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg {ZpíMV CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoB©b.
noaUrMr doi
{Oam`V JìhmMr noaUr Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m Xwgè`m n§YadS>çmV H$amdr. ~mJm`Vr JìhmMr doioda noaUrMr `mo½` doi åhUOo
Zmoìh|~aMm n{hbm n§YadS>m hmo`. `m H$mbmdYrV noaUr Ho$ë`mg JìhmMo CËnmXZ Mm§Jbo òVo. ~mJm`Vr JìhmMr noaUrgwÕm
C[eam H$aVm òVo. na§Vw doioda noaUr Ho$boë`m Jìhmnojm CËnmXZ H$‘r òVo. ~mJm`Vr JìhmMr noaUr 15 Zmoìh|~aZ§Va C[eam
Ho$ë`mg àËòH$ n§YadS>çmg hoŠQ>ar 2.5 q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ H$‘r òVo d Ë`m‘wio 15 {S>g|~a Z§Va noabobo JìhmMo nrH$ \$m`Xoera.
R>aV Zmhr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 57

{~`mUo
JìhmÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmH$arVm Xa hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 22 bmI amonm§Mr g§»`m eoVmV AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hr g§»`m
{‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r Xa hoŠQ>ar 100 Vo 125 {H$bmo {~`mUo dmnamdo. C[eam noaUrgmR>r Xa hoŠQ>ar 125 Vo 150 {H$bmo {~`mUo
dmnamdo. {Oam`V JìhmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 75 Vo 100 {H$bmo {~`mUo noaUrgmR>r dmnamdo. noaUrnydu {~`mÊ`mg H°$ßQ>Z qH$dm
Wmà‘ `m ~waerZmeH$mMr 3 J«°‘ à{V{H$bmo {~`mUo `m à‘mUmV ~rOàH«$s`m H$amdr VgoM à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 250 J«°‘
A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a d 250 J«°‘ nrEg~r `m {OdmUy g§dY©Z IVmMr ~rOàH«$s`m H$amdr. `m‘wio CËnmXZmV 10 Vo 15 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoVo.
noaUr
noaUrÀ`m doir O{‘ZrV nwaoer Amob Agmdr. `mo½` Amob Zgë`mg àW‘ O‘rZ Amobdmdr d dmngm Amë`mda O‘rZ
Hw$idmdr. ~mJm`V JìhmMr doioda noaUr XmoZ AmoirV 20 g|.‘r. d C[eam noaUr 18 g|.‘r. A§Va R>odyZ H$amdr. noaUr CWi
åhUOo 5 Vo 6 g|.‘r. Imob H$amdr Ë`m‘wio CJdU Mm§Jbr hmoVo. {Oam`V JìhmMr noaUr XmoZ AmoirV 20 g|.‘r. A§Va R>odyZ
H$amdr. noaUr C^r-AmS>dr Aer XmoÝhr ~mOyZo Z H$aVm Vr EHo$ar H$amdr åhUOo Am§Va‘emJV H$aUo gmoB©Mo hmoVo. {~`mUo
PmH$Ê`mgmR>r Hw$id CbQ>m H$ê$Z Mmbdmdm åhUOo ~r ì`dpñWV X~yZ PmH$bo OmVo. O{‘ZrMm CVma bjmV KoD$Z JìhmgmR>r
2.5 Vo 4 ‘rQ>a é§XrMo d 7 Vo 25 ‘rQ>a bm§~ `m AmH$mamMo gmao nmS>mdoV.
IV ì`dñWmnZ
~mJm`Vr JìhmÀ`m {nH$mgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 25 ~¡bJmS>çm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoñQ> IV Úmdo. ~mJm`Vr
JìhmÀ`m doioda noaUrgmR>r Xa hoŠQ>ar 120 {H$bmo ZÌ, 60 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdo. {Zå‘o ZÌ d g§nyU© ñ\$yaX
Am[U nmbme noaUrÀ`mdoir d Cabobo {Zå‘o ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 3 AmR>dS>çm§Zr IwanUr Pmë`mda n{hë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m doir Úmdo.
C[eam Ho$boë`m noaUrgmR>r ho à‘mU hoŠQ>ar 80 {H$bmo ZÌ, 40 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 {H$bmo nmbme BVHo$ Úmdo. {Zå‘o ZÌ d ñ’y$aX
Am[U nmbme noaUrÀ`m doir d Cabobo {Zå‘o ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 3 AmR>dS>çm§Zr Úmdo.
{Oam`V JìhmgmR>r noaUrÀ`m doiog hoŠQ>ar 40 {H$bmo ZÌ Am{U 20 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX noê$Z Úmdo. nrH$ XmUo âÊ¶mÀ¶m
AdñWoV AgVm§Zm 2 Q>³Ho$ ¶war¶mMr ’$dmaUr H$amdr. npíM‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb ‘¡XmZr Imob H$mù¶m O{‘Zrda JìhmÀ¶m
CËnmXZmH$arVm noaUrnydu à{V ho. 1 Q>Z eoUIV XodyZ JìhmMr noaUr OmoS> AmoirV (15 Vo 30 g|.‘r.) H$ê$Z à{V ho. 70…35
ZÌ-ñ\w$aX {H$bmo, ¶w[a¶m-S>rAmonr {~«Ho$Q> ‘m\©$V (2.7 J«°‘ dOZmMr {~«Ho$Q>) 15 g|‘r A§VamÀ¶m OmoS> AmoirV àË¶oH$s 30
g|‘r A§Vamda 10 g|.‘r. Imob ImoMmdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
JìhmMr noaUr eoV AmobdyZ dmngm Amë`mda H$amdr. noaUrZ§Va gmYmaUnUo Xa 18 Vo 21 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo nmÊ`mÀ`m
nmù`m Úmì`mV. ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O{‘ZrV nrH$ V`ma hmoÊ`mgmR>r 4 Vo 5 doim nmUr Úmdo bmJVo. nrH$ dmT>rÀ`m Á`m ‘hËdmÀ`m
AdñWm AmhoV Ë`mdoir nmUr XoUo \$m`Xoera R>aVo.
1. ‘wHw$Q>‘wio \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm … noaUrZ§Va 18 Vo 21 {Xdg
2. H$m§S>r YaÊ`mMr AdñWm … noaUrZ§Va 40 Vo 45 {Xdg
3. \w$bmoam Am{U MrH$ âÊ`mMr AdñWm … noaUrZ§Va 60 Vo 65 {Xdg
4. XmUo âÊ`mMr AdñWm … noaUrZ§Va 80 Vo 85 {Xdg
nmUrnwadR>m Anwam Agë`mg H$mhr R>am{dH$ doiobmM nmUr XoUo eŠ` Agob Va nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m nwT>rbà‘mUo Úmì`mV.
1. Jhþ {nH$mg EH$M nmUr XoUo eŠ` Agë`mg Vo 40 Vo 42 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
2. Jhÿ {nH$mg noaUrZ§Va XmoZ nmUr XoUo eŠ` Agë`mg, n{hbo nmUr 20 Vo 22 d Xwgao nmUr 60 Vo 65 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
3. Jhÿ {nH$mg noaUrZ§Va VrZ nmUr XoUo eŠ` Agë`mg, n{hbo nmUr 20 Vo 22, Xwgao nmUr 40 Vo 42 d {Vgao nmUr
60 Vo 65 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
Anwam nmUrnwadR>m n[apñWVrV EH$ {H$§dm XmoZ nmUr XoUo eŠ` Amho Ë`m joÌmV n§MdQ>r (EZAm`S>rS>ãë`w-15) qH$dm
ZoÌmdVr (EZAmÈS>ãë`w - 1415) JìhmÀ`m dmUm§Mm dmna H$amdm. Jìhmg EH$M nmUr {Xbo Va nwaoem nmÊ`mnmgyZ Amboë`m
CËnmXZmÀ`m VwbZoV 41 Q>¸o$ KQ> òVo d XmoZ nmUr {Xbo Va CËnmXZmV 20 Q>¸o$ KQ> òVo.
58 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Am§Va‘emJV
JìhmV Mm§Xdob, hair `mgma»`m VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d hmoVmo. Ë`mH$[aVm Oéarà‘mUo EH$ qH$dm XmoZ doim IwanUr, VgoM
H$moinUr H$éZ O‘rZ ‘moH$ir H$amdr. Am§Va‘emJVr‘wio VUm§Mm Zme hmoVmo d O{‘ZrV Amobmdm {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo.
Jhÿ {nH$mVrb Aé§X nmZm§Mo Am{U é§X nmZm§À`m VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr XahoŠQ>ar Am`gmoàmoQ>`wam°Z
(50%$) XmoZ Vo VrZ {H$bmo qH$dm ‘oQ>gëâ`yam°Z ‘oWmB©b (20%) hoŠQ>ar 20 J«°‘ {H$§dm 2,4-S>r (gmoS>r`‘) A{YH$ 2 Q>¸o$
`w[a`m 600 Vo 1250 J«°‘ 600 Vo 800 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ {‘giyZ JìhmÀ`m 2 AmoirV \$dmamdo. VUZmeH$ \$dmaë`mZ§Va 10 Vo
12 {Xdg nmUr XoD$ Zò.
nrH$ g§ajU
Jhÿ `m {nH$mg Vm§~oam d C§Xra `m§À`mnmgyZ OmñV ZwH$gmZ nmohMVo. H$mim d Zma§Jr Vm§~oam ho XmoÝhr ‘hËdmMo
hmZrH$maH$ amoJ AmhoV. H$mù`m Vm§~oè`m‘wio CËnmXZmV 20 Vo 60 Q>¸o$ KQ> òVo. Zm[a¨Jr Vm§~oè`m‘wio H$mù`m Vm§~oè`mnojm
ZwH$gmZ H$‘r hmoVo. {dÚmnrR>mZo {dH$grV Ho$boë`m Vm§~oam à{V~§YH$ dmUm§MrM noaUrgmR>r {ZdS> H$amdr. Vm§~oam à{V~§YH$ Cnm`
åhUyZ JìhmMr noaUr doioda H$amdr. {nH$mg nmUr Oéar nwaVoM d ~oVmMo Úmdo. Vm§~oam {Xgy bmJVmM ‘°ÝH$moPo~ ho
~waerZmeH$ 1.5 {H$bmo 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo. Oéar ^mgë`mg Xwgar \$dmaUr n{hë`m \$dmaUrZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§Zr
H$amdr.
Jìhmda H$anm amoJmMm XoIrb àmXw^m©d {XgyZ òVmo. H$anm amoJmMo {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r amoJmMo bjUo {Xgy bmJVmM H$m°na
Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> (0.2 Q>¸o$) A{YH$ ‘°ÝH$moPo~ (0.2 Q>¸o$) `m ~waerZmeH$mÀ`m {‘lUmÀ`m XmoZ \$dmaÊ`m 15 {Xdgm§À`m
A§VamZo H$amì`mV.
‘mdm ¶m {H$S>rÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r Wm¶mo{‘Wmo³Pm‘ 25 S>ãë¶yOr 50 J°«‘ àVr ho³Q>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ
\$dmamdo.
C§Xam§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV doirM H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$ ^mJ qPH$ \$m°ñ\$mB©S> 50 ^mJ H$moUVohr âS>YmÝ` d WmoS>o JmoS>oVob `m§Mo {dfmar
Am{‘f V`ma H$ê$Z àËòH$ {~imV M‘Mmâ Q>mHy$Z {~io ~wOdmdrV. Jhÿ {~`mUo gmR>dUwH$sÀ`m H$mimV gm|S>o{H$S>rÀ`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r, CÝhmV dmi{dboë`m {~`mÊ`mg à{V{H$bmo 10 J«°‘ `mà‘mUo doI§S> ^wH$Q>rMr ~rO àH«$s`m H$amdr.
H$mnUr d ‘iUr
nrH$ V`ma hmoVmM doioda H$mnUr H$amdr. H$mnUrg Cera Pmë`mg EZAm`-5439 d Í`§~H$ (EZAmÈS>ãë`y-301)
`m JìhmÀ`m dmUmMo XmUo eoVmV PSy> eH$VmV. åhUyZ nrH$ n¹$ hmoÊ`mÀ`m 2-3 {Xdg AJmoXa H$mnUr H$amdr. H$mnUrÀ`mdoir
XmÊ`mVrb Amobmì`mMo à‘mU 15 Q>¸o$ Agmdo. JìhmMr ‘iUr, `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo H$amdr qH$dm JìhmMr H$mnUr d
‘iUr H§$~mB©Z hmd}ñQ>a ‘erZZo H$amdr.
CËnmXZ
JìhmMo âKmog CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r noaUrÀ`m doioZwgma `mo½` dmUm§Mm dmna, `mo½` [aVrZo noaUr, {~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU,
IVm§Mm g‘Vmob dmna, nmÊ`mÀ`m `mo½`doir nmù`m, Am§Va‘emJV d nrH$ g§ajU `m Jmoï>r A{Ve` ‘hËdmÀ`mAmhoV.
darbà‘mUo JìhmMr ~mJm`Vr doioda bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg hoŠQ>ar 45 Vo 50 q¹$Q>b, ~mJm`Vr C[eam bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg 35 Vo 40
q¹$Q>b d {Oam`V bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg 12 Vo 14 q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
àgmarV dmU
Jhÿ … ’w$bo g‘mYmZ (EZ. Am¶. E. S>ãë¶w.1994)
‘hmamï´>mVrb ~mJm¶Vr joÌmV (1 Vo 15 Zmoìh|~a) VgoM C{eam (16 Zmoìho|~a Vo 15 {S>g|~a) noaUrgmR>r ga~Vr JìhmMm
g‘mYmZ (EZ.Am¶.E.S>ãë¶w.1994) hm dmU àgm[aV H$aÊ¶mH$arVm {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
~hJþU
w r Jhÿ dmU … EZAm¶ES>ãë¶w 1994 (’$wbo g‘mYmZ)
1. ‘hmamï´>mVrb ~mJm¶V joÌmV doioda qH$dm C{eam Aem XmoÝhr H$mbmdYrV noaUrgmR>r ¶mo½¶ Agboë¶m ga~Vr JìhmMm
EZAm¶ES>ãë¶w-1994 hm EH$‘od dmU Amho. ho³Q>ar CËnÞ doioda noaUrV 46.23 p³d¨Q>b.
2. XþîH$mimV {Oam¶V joÌmV qH$dm Ho$di EH$m Amo{bVmImbr gwÕm ¶oD$ eH$Umam ho³Q>ar CËnÞ EH$m Amo{bVmImbr 18
p³d¨Q>b, XmoZ Amo{bVmImbr 27 p³d¨Q>b.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 59

3. VnmodZ, E‘EgrEg - 6222, EZAm¶ES>ãë¶w - 34 d EMS>r - 2932 ¶m Vwë¶ d àM{bV dmUm§nojm gag.
4. Vm§~oam amoJmg VgoM ‘mdm {H$S>rg XoIrb à{VH$maj‘.
5. Q>nmoao d AmH$f©H$ XmUo, hOma XmÊ¶mMo dOZ 43 J«°‘, à{WZm§Mo à‘mU 12.5 Vo 13.8 Q>³Ho$, MnmVrMr àV CËH¥$ï> d
àM{bV dmUm§nojm gag.
6. àM{bV dmUm§nojm 9 Vo 10 {Xdg bdH$a ¶oVmo.
{e’$maer
JìhmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ VgoM nmÊ¶mMm d IVmMm H$m¶©j‘ dmna hmoD$Z Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ’$m¶Xoera CËnÞ
{‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌm (120…60…40 ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme {H$./ho.) {dÐmì¶ ñdénmVrb IVm‘YwZ
V³Ë¶mà‘mUo 12 AmR>dS²>¶mÀ¶m hßË¶mVwZ {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ XoÊ¶mMr VgoM 2 Q>³Ho$ ¶w[a¶m qH$dm S>m¶A‘mo{Z¶‘ ’$m°ñ’o$Q>À¶m
3 ’$dmaÊ¶m bmJdS>rZ§Va 30,45 Am{U 60 {Xdgm§Zr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
V³Vm … [R>~H$ qgMZmVZy Jhÿ {nH$mg 12 hßË¶mVZy AÞÐì¶o XÊo¶mMo à‘mU

bmJdS>rZV§aMm H$mbmdYr ZÌ ñ’$waX nmbme
Q>³H$o {H$.à{V h.o Q>³H$o {H$.à{V h.o Q>³H$o {H$.à{V h.o
1-21 (3 g‘mZ hßV)o 25 30.0 15 9.0 24 9.60
22-42 (3 g‘mZ hßV)o 47 56.4 20 12.0 48 19.20
43-63 (3 g‘mZ hßV)o 20 24.0 35 21.0 16 6.40
64-84 (3 g‘mZ hßV)o 08 9.60 30 18.0 12 4.8
EH$wU 100 120 100 60.0 100 40
* ~Ýgr àH$maÀ¶m JìhmÀ¶m dmUmnmgZy (JmXomdar) CÎm‘ àVrÀ¶m bmøm V¶ma H$aÊ¶mH$arVm nTw>rb à‘mU à{H$«¶m {e’$mag
H$aÊ¶mV ¶Vo Amh.o
1. Jhÿ VrZ {Xdg nmÊ¶mV {Ôdë¶mZV§a CH$iË¶m ÐmdUmV (ImÊ¶mMm gmSo>m d ‘rR àË¶Ho$s 1.5 Q>¸$o>) 1 Vmg {ÔV
R>domdo d ZV§a 12 Vo 14 Q>¸$o Amb
o mdm ¶Bon©¶Vª dmidmd.o
2. ndyà©{H$«¶m H$obëo¶m JìhmnmgZy 220 Vo 240Ae
§ gëogr¶g Vmn‘mZmg bmøm V¶ma H$amì¶mV.
3. bmømn§mgZy {MdS>m V¶ma H$ê$Z ßbp°ñQ>H$À¶m {nedrV gm‘mÝ¶ Vmn‘mZmg 1 ‘{hZm gmR>{dVm ¶Vom.o
* JìhmÀ¶m A{YH$ Vmn‘mZ à{VH$ma j‘Vgo H$maUr^Vy Agbëo¶m à¶mJo¶emiVorb MmMÊ¶m VgM o Od¡ amgm¶{ZH$ ~XbmM § m
Vb
w ZmË‘H$ Aä¶mg H$aVm JìhmMo EZ.Am¶.E.S>ãë¶.w-917 ho dmU AO{¡dH$ VmU ì¶dñWmnZmgmR>r {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶Vo
Amh.o
* npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´mÀ¶m ‘X¡mZr àXe
o mVrb Imb
o H$mù¶m O{‘Zrda JìhmÀ¶m A{YH$ Am{WH©$ ’$m¶ÚmgmR>r naoUrndyu 1 Q>Z à{V
h³oQ>ar 70…35 ZÌ…ñ’$waX {H$bmo IV‘mÌm ¶awr¶m - S>rEnr {~H«$oQ> ‘m’$©V 2.7 J‘°« dOZmMr {~H«$oQ> OmSo> Ami
o rV àË¶Ho$s
30g.|‘r. AV§amda EH$ ¶mà‘mUo CJdUrZV§a 10 g.|‘r. Imb o ImM o Ê¶mMr {e’$mag H$obr Amh.o
* Jhÿ {~¶mÊ¶mMo gmR>dUHw$sÀ¶m H$mbmdYr‘Ü¶o ZD$ ‘{hÝ¶mn¶Vª {H$S> (XmÊ¶mVrb ^J§wao)o {Z¶Ì§U hmDo$Z D$JdU j‘Vm
à‘m{UH$aU ‘mUH$mnj o m (85 Q>³H$o) A{YH$ amIÊ¶mgmR>r {~¶mÊ¶mg S>ëoQ>m‘Wor«Z 2.8 Q>³H$o àdmhr 4 {‘{b. qH$dm
ë¶’w$oÝ¶awmZ° 5 Q>¸$o àdmhr 10 {‘{b. qH$dm B‘©m‘³oQ>rZ ~ÝoPmEoQ> 5 Q>³H$o {dÐmì¶ XmUXoma 4 J‘°« 500 {‘{b.nmÊ¶mV {‘giZy
qH$dm S>m¶Q>m‘og°r¶g AW© A{YH$ ‘¾°{oe¶‘ gë’$oQ> àË¶Ho$s 500 J‘°« àVr 100 {H$bmo ¶m à‘mUmV ~rOà{H$«¶m H$aÊ¶mMr
{e’$mag H$obr Amh.o
60 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘H$m
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, Imob, aoVr`wŠV, CÎm‘ {ZM-`mMr {deofV… ZXrH$mR>Mr JmimMr O‘rZ \$maM CËV‘.
nyd©‘emJV … EH$ Imob Zm§JaQ>, 2-3 Hw$idmÀ`m nmi`m XoD$Z 20 Vo 25 JmS>çm àVr hoŠQ>ar eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IV `mMdoir
eoVmV {‘giyZ ¿`mdo. {hadirMo IV JmS>bo Agë`mg eoUIV / H§$nmoñQ> IVmMr Oéar ZgVo.
dmU
C{eam n³d hmoUmao dmU … (110-120 {Xdg)
1. g§H$[aV dmU : nr.EM.E_.-1, nr.EM.E_.-3, grS> Q>oH$ - 2324, ~m`mo-9681, EM.E_.-11, Š`w.nr.E_.7.
2. g§{_l dmU : à^mV, eVH$ - 9905
_Ü`_ H$mbmdYrV n³d hmoUmao dmU … ( 100 -110 {Xdg)
1. g§H$[aV dmU … S>r.EM.E_.-119, S>r.EM.E_.-117, EM.E_.-10, EM.E_.-8, EM.E_.-4, nr.EM.E_.-4,
E_.gr.EM.-37, ~m`mo-9637, amO{f©.
2. g§{_l dmU … H$adra, _m§Oar, ZdÁ`moV.
bdH$a n¸$ hmoUmao dmU : ( 90 - 100 {Xdg )
1. g§H$[aV dmU : Oo. EM. 3459, nwgm hm`~«rS>-1, Oo. Ho$. 2492.
2. g§{_l dmU : n§MJ§Jm, àH$me, {H$aU.
A{V bdH$a n¸$ hmoUmao dmU … (80-90 {Xdg)
1. g§H$[aV dmU : {ddoH$ -9, {ddoH$-21, {ddoH$ - 27, {ddoH$ Š`w. nr. E_ - 7
2. g§{_l dmU : {ddoH$ - g§Hw$b
_Yw_H$m
1. g§H$[aV dmU : EM.Eg.gr. -1
2. g§{_l dmU : _mYwar, {à`m, {dZ-Am°aoO
nm°nH$m°Z©
g§{_l dmU : A§~a nm°nH$m°Z©, Odmha nm°nH$m°Z© - 11
~o~rH$m°Z©
1. g§H$[aV dmU : EM. E_. - 4
2. g§{_l dmU : ìhr. Eb. ~o~rH$m°Z©-1, ìhr. Eb. 78.
Mmè`mgmR>r
g§{_l dmU : Am{\«$H$Z Q>m°b, àVmn Mmar-6
noaUrMr doi
Iarn : OyZ Vo Owb¡ Xwgam AmR>dS>m
aã~r : 15 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 10 Zmoìh§o~a
CÝhmir : OmZodmar Vo \o$~«wdmar Xwgam AmR>dS>m
noaUrMr nÜXV : Q>moH$U
Q>moH$UrMo A§Va … 75 g|.‘r. 20 g|.‘r. - Ceram d ‘Ü`‘ H$mbmdYrÀ`m dmUm§gmR>r
… 60 g|.‘r. 20 g|.‘r. - H$‘r H$mbmdYrÀ`m dmUm§gmR>r
{~`mUo … 15-20 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar
~rOà{H«$`m … 2 Vo 2.5 J«°‘ Wmà‘/{H$bmo {~`mUmg noaUrnydu bmdmdo. VgoM noaUrnydu A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a dmnamdo.
Am§Va{nHo$
Iarn … ‘H$m + CS>rX/‘yJ/Mdir/gmo`m~rZ/^wB©‘yJ/Vya
aã~r … ‘H$m + H$aS>B©/H$moWt~ra/‘oWr
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 61

IV‘mÌm … noaUrÀ`mdoir 40 {H$bmo ZÌ, 60 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX, 40 {H$bmo nmbme à{V hoŠQ>a, noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr 40
{H$bmo ZÌ, noaUrZ§Va 40-45 {Xdgm§Zr 40 {H$bmo ZÌ à{V hoŠQ>a. gyú‘ AÞÐì` … O[‘ZrV qPH$Mr H$‘VaVm Agë`mg
hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 25 {H$bmo qPH$ gë\$oQ> Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV … A°Q´>mQ>m°n 50 Q>ŠHo$ hoŠQ>ar 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo noaUr g§nVmM O[‘Zrda \$dmamdo. Amdí`H$VoZwgma IwanUr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … aã~r h§Jm‘mV 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr d IarnmV OéarZwgma nmUr Úmdo. nmÊmr XoÊ`mgmR>r {nH$m§À`m g§doXZ{eb
AdñWm 1. dmT>rMr AdñWm (20 Vo 40 {Xdg) 2. \w$bmoam AdñWm (40 Vo 60 {Xdg)
3. XmUo âÊ`mMr AdñWm (70 Vo 80 {Xdg)
nrH$ g§ajU
A. {H$S>r
1. ImoS>{H$S>
_H$m CJdUrZ§Va 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr H$m~m©[ab 85 Q>¸o$ àdmhr nmÊ`mV {daKiUmar nmdS>a hoŠQ>ar 1764 J«°_ qH$dm
S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30 Q>¸o$ àdmhr hoŠQ>ar 660 {_br `mn¡H$s EH$mMr 500 Vo 1000 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr AWdm ’$moaoQ>
10 Q>¸o$ XmUoXma {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ ho³Q>ar 10 {H$J±«.à‘mUo ‘mVrV {‘gimdo.
2. ImoS>‘mer
ImoS>‘merMm àmXþ^m©d {XgyZ ¶oVmM S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 30 Q>¸o$ àdmhr ho³Q>ar 1155 {‘br 500 Vo 1000 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr
H$amdr.
3. H$Ugo nmoIaUmar Air
¶m {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d hmoD$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r {nH$ ór-Ho$ga ¶oÊ¶mÀ¶m AdñWoV AgVmZm eoVmV Q´>m¶H$moJ«m‘m {Mbmo{Zg ¶m
namonOrdr {H$Q>H$mMo A§S>rnw§O gmoS>mdoV.
~. amoJ
1. nU© H$anm
¶m amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d {XgyZ ¶oVmM S>m¶WoZ E‘. 45, 0.25 Q>¸o$ àdmhr ¶m ~waerZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
H$amdr.
H$mT>Ur … _Š`mÀ`m H$Ugmdarb AmdaU {ndiga nm§T>ao Pmë`mZ§Va H$UgmMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr Am{U H$mT>Ur `§ÌmMm dmna
H$ê$Z _iUr H$amdr. Z§Va YmÝ` CÝhmV Mm§Jbo dmidmdo åhUOo gmR>dUyH$sV {H$S>r_wio ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Zmhr.
CËnmXZ … Iarn 70-75 q¹$Q>b /hoŠQ>a
aã~r … 95-100 q¹$Q>b / hoŠQ>a
~) _Yw_H$m H$mT>Ur … _Yw_Š`mMr H$mT>Ur H$UgmMo Ho$ga dmiyZ Vn{H$ar a§JmMo Pmë`mda H$amdr `mdoir H$UgmVrb XmUo
_D$, JmoS, XþYmi Am{U Q>nmoao AgVmV. H$UgmMr H$mT>Ur OmñV bm§~dy Zò 75-85 {XdgmV {nH$ H$mT>Urg òVo.
CËnmXZ …
H$Ugo - 60-65 hOma/hoŠQ>a
{hadmMmam - 25-40 Q>Z/hoŠQ>a
H$) nm°nH$m°Z© H$mT>Ur … _Š`mÀ`m H$Ugmdarb AmdaU {ndiga nm§T>ao Pmë`mZ§Va H$UgmMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr Am{U H$mT>Ur
62 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

`§ÌmMm dmna H$ê$Z _iUr H$amdr. Z§Va YmÝ` CÝhmV Mm§Jbo dmidmdo åhUOo gmR>dUyH$sV {H$S>r_wio ZwH$gmZ hmoUma Zmhr.
CËnmXZ … 25-30 {Šd§/hoŠQ>ar
S>$) ~o~rH$m°Z© H$mT>Ur … H$Ugo òUonwdu e|S>çmH$S>rb ^mJmV òUma Vwam H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm H$Ugo Ho$ga ~mhoa nS>ë`mZ§Va ËdarV
H$mT>mdrV EH$m VmQ>mnmgyZ gmYmaZ 3-4 Mm§Jbr H$Ugo {_iVmV. Mm§Jbr H$Ugo gmobyZ `mo½` àH$mao n°H$s¨J H$amdo. noaUrnmgyZ
70-75 {XdgmV {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur nwU© hmoVo.
CËnmXZ … H$Ugo - 15-20 {Šd§/hoŠQ>a {hadm Mmam - 30-35 Q>Z/hoŠQ>ar
ZmMUr/ZmJbr
AmhmamÀ`m Ñï>rZo ZmMUr EH$ AË`§V ‘hÎdmMo V¥UYmÝ` Amho. ZmMUr‘Üò nm¡ï>rH$ KQ>H$m§~amo~aM Mm§Jë`m àVrMo nmofH$
V§Vw‘` ^mJ Agë`mZo ~ÕH$moï>Vm hmoV Zmhr. Ë`mMà‘mUo aº$mVrb H$moboñQ´>m°bMo à‘mU H$‘r hmoVo. {ZË` godZ H$aUmè`m
bmoH$m§‘Üò öXàmoJ, AmVS>çm§darb d«U Am{U ‘Yw‘ohmMo à‘mU H$‘r Agë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. ZmMUrnmgyZ ^mH$ar,
‘mëQ>, ZwS>ëg, nmnS>, Am§~rb, BS>br, {~ñH$sQ>o `mgmaIo ImÚnXmW© VgoM bhmZ ‘wbm§À`m ImÚm‘Üò ZmMUr gËdmMm dmna
‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Ho$bm OmV Amho.
O‘rZ … hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘, {ZMè`mMr.
nyd©‘emJV
EH$ Imob Zm§JaQ>, 2-3 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m XodyZ 5 Q>Z eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IV `mMdoir eoVmV {‘giyZ ¿`mdo. {hadirMo
IV JmS>bo Agë`mg eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IVmMr Oéar ZgVo.
dmU
hido dmU - ìhr. Eb. 149, Ornr`y - 26, {Z‘Jado dmU - Xmnmobr-1, Xmnmobr g’o$X, Ornr`w-28,
Jado dmU-nrAma - 202, ’w$bo ZmMUr.
noaUrMr nÕV … Q>moH$U, noaUr, amon bmJU nÕV, noaUr A§Va … 22.5 g|.‘r. 10 g|.‘r. A§Vamda.
{~`mUo 3-4 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar.
~rOà{H«$`m … 1) noaUrnydu 3 Vo 4 J«°‘ Wmà‘ àVr {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg. 2) à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 25 J«°‘ APmopñn[ab‘
~«m{gboÝg Am{U A°ñna{Obg Admo‘moar `m {OdmUy g§dY©H$mMr {~O à{H«$`m H$amdr.
IV‘mÌm noaUrÀ`mdoir 30 {H$bmo ZÌ, 30 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX à{V hoŠQ>a Am{U noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr 30 {H$bmo ZÌ.
_hmamï´>mÀ`m Cnnd©Vr` {d^mJmV ZmMUrÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z eoUIV + ZÌ 60
{H$bmo, ñ\w$aX 30 {H$bmo Am{U nmbme 30 {H$bmo `m IV _mÌo gmo~V {OdmUwg§dY©ZmMr ~rO à{H«$`m (à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`m
àËòH$s 25 J«°_ A°Pmopñn[ab_ ~«m{gb|Üg Am[ UAñna{Obg Adm_moar) H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
ZmMUr {nH$m‘Ü¶o ¶w[a¶m, {S>Enr {~«Ho$Q>Mm dmna
JmXr dm’$¶mda amono 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Mr Pmë¶mZ§Va eoVm‘Ü¶o amonm§Mr nwZ©bmJU H$aVmZm amon bmJU 20 40 g|‘r
OmoS>Amoi nÜXVrZo H$amdr. XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 20 g|‘r. R>odyZ {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌoÀ¶m 75 Q>¸o$ IV ‘mÌm ( ZÌ 45
{H$bmo + ñ’w$aX 22.5 {H$bmo à{V ho³Q>a) {~«Ho$Q> (Jmoir) ñdénmV X¶mdr. {~«Ho$Q> XoVmZm 20 go§‘r.À¶m OmoS>AmoirV 35 g|‘r.
A§Vamda 5 Vo 7 g|‘r. Imobrda 2.7 J°«‘Mr 1 {~«Ho$Q> (Jmoir) X¶mdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 63

Am§Va‘emJV
EH$ IwanUr Am{U XmoZ H$moinUr qH$dm Am`gmoàmoQ>çwam°Z 50 Q>¸o$ ¶m VUZmeH$mMr à{V hoŠQ>ar 750
J«°‘ 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu ’$dmamdo.
Am§Va{nHo$ … ZmMUr {nH$m‘Üò CS>rX/‘Q>H$s 4…1 qH$dm 8…2 `m à‘mUmV ¿`mdo.
nrH$ g§ajU
1. bîH$ar Air d nmZo ImUmar Air … IarnmV 30 Vo 80 Q>¸o$ ZwH$gmZ. JdVmi-S>m|Jar ^mJmV OmñV àmXw^m©d. ¶m
AmirÀ¶m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r eoVmVrb/~m§Ymdarb JdV H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo. {_Wrb n°am{WAm°Z ^wH$Q>r àVr ho³Q>ar 20 Vo 25
{H$bmo ¶m à‘mUmV dmam em§V AgVm§Zm YwaiUr H$amdr.
2. ‘mdm-VwS>VwS>o … àmXw^m©d gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV OmñV ag emofyZ KoVmV. H$~©J«hU ‘§XmdVo.
3. H$anm amoJ … àmXw^m©d {XgyZ òVmM S>m`WoZ E‘-45, 25 J«°‘ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
H$mT>Ur
nrH$ n¹$ hmoVmM bdH$amV bdH$a nrH$mMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr. H$mT>Urg Cera Pmë`mg ~mo§S>mVrb XmUo PS>Ê`mMr
eŠ`Vm AgVo. nrH$mMr H$mT>Ur ~m|S>o IwSy>Z H$amdr. ~m|S>o Mm§Jbr dmië`mZ§Va ~S>dyZ ‘iUr H$ê$Z CÝhmV Mm§Jbo dmidyZ
hdoera OmJr gmR>dU H$amdr. nwT>rb dfm©À`m {~`mUmgmR>r Mm§Jbr âbobr Q>nmoè`m XmÊ`mMr H$sS> d amoJ {dahrV ~m|S>o {ZdSy>Z
‘iUr H$ê$Z gmR>dU H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 25 q¹$Q>b.
64 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$S>YmÝ¶ {nHo$
‘hmamï>´> amÁ`m‘Üò H$S>YmÝ` {nH$mImbr 39.21 bmI hoŠQ>a joÌ AgyZ, CËnmXZ 31.20 bmI Q>Z Am{U CËnmXH$Vm
796 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a Amho (2013-14). Va Xoem‘Üò EHy$U H$S>YmÝ` joÌ 252.60 bmI hoŠQ>a AgyZ, Ë`mnmgyZ
192.50 bmI Q>Z CËnmXZ {‘iVo Am{U CËnmXH$Vm 764 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a Aer Amho. AemàH$mao XoemÀ`m EHy$U H$S>YmÝ`
CËnmXZm‘Üò ‘hmamï>´>mMm dmQ>m 16 Q>¸o$ Amho.
H$S>YmÝ` {nH$m§Mo eoVr Am{U ‘mZdr AmhmamV AZÝ`gmYmaU Ago ‘hËd Amho. O{‘ZrMm H$g gwYmaUo d {Q>H$dyZ
R>odÊ`mg H$S>YmÝ` {nH$mMo ‘moR>o `moJXmZ Amho. {d{dY nrH$ nÕVrV H$S>YmÝ` {nH$m§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$ë`mZo O{‘ZrMm nmoV
gwYmaVmo. `m {nH$m§À`m ‘wimdarb J«§WrVrb am`Pmo{~`‘ OrdmUy hdoVrb ZÌ emofyZ KoV Agë`mZo `m {nH$m§Mr ZÌmMr JaO
~è`mMem à‘mUmV nañna ^mJ{dbr OmVo. {edm` H$S>YmÝ` {nH$mZ§Va KoÊ`mV òUmè`m {nH$mgmR>r CÎm‘ ~oS> V`ma hmoVo.
haâm
aã~r h§Jm‘mV KoVë`m OmUmè`m {nH$mn¡H$s haâm ho EH$ ‘hËdmMo H$S>YmÝ` nrH$ Amho. amÁ`mV `m {nH$mÀ`m joÌm‘Üò
A{Ve` âKmog Aer dmT> Pmbr Amho. gZ 2013-14 ‘Üò ‘hmamï>´> amÁ`mV haâm {nH$mMo joÌ 18.20 bmI hoŠQ>a,
CËnmXZ 16.22 bmI Q>Z Va CËnmXH$Vm 891 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>a Aer hmoVr. XoemÀ`m EHy$U haâm CËnmXZm‘Üò ‘hmamï>´>mMm
dmQ>m 17 Q>¸o$ Amho.
O‘rZ
haâm {nH$mgmR>r ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar H$mir H$gXma d Mm§Jë`m {ZMè`mMr O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr. hbH$s AWdm ämaS>, nmÊmWi,
MmonÊm qH$dm úmma`wŠV O‘rZ haämam bmJdS>rgmR>r {ZdSy> Zò.
nyd©‘ímmJV
»marnmMo nrH$ {Z¿mmë`mZ§Va »mmob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. Hw$idmÀ`m XmoZ nmi`m X`mì`mV. H$mS>rH$Mam doMyZ O‘rZ ñdÀN>
H$amdr. »marnm‘Üò ímoÊm»mV {Xbo Zgë`mg hoŠQ>ar nmM Q>Z Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo ímoÊm»mV O[‘Zr‘Üò {‘gimdo. `m n«‘mÊmo
gßQ>§o~aÀ`m A»moarg noaUrgmR>r ímoV V`ma R>odmdo.
H$S>YmÝ¶
noaÊmrMr doi
haämam ho aã~r h§Jm‘mMo nrH$ Agë`mZo H$moaS>r d W§S> hdm Ë`mbm Mm§Jbr ‘mZdVo. H$moaS>dmhy úmoÌm‘Üò OoWo {g§MZmMr
gmo` A{O~mV Zgob VoWo hñV ZúmÌmÀ`m n{hë`m MaÊmmZ§Va åhÊmOo 25 gßQ>|~aZ§Va O{‘ZrVrb Amob H$‘r hmoÊ`mnydu noaÊmr
H$amdr. `mgmR>r àm‘w»`mZo {dO` Am{U {Xp½dO` ho dmÊm dmnamdoV. ~mJm`Vr haämam 20 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 10 Zmoìh|~a `m Xaå`mZ
noaë`mg Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ òVo. noaÊmrMr doi bm§~ë`mg qH$dm {S>go§~aZ§Va noaÊmr Ho$ë`mg CËnÝZ \$ma H$‘r {‘iVo. H$m~wbr
ha^è`mMr noaÊmr qgMZmMr gmo` Agob VaM H$amdr.
gwÜmm[aV dmÊm
Xoímr haäm-`m‘Üò {dO`, {dímmb, {Xp½dO` ho dmÊm ‘a amoJ à{VH$maj‘ AgyZ, {Oam`V, ~mJm`V VgoM C[eam noaUrg
`mo½` AmhoV Am{Êm H$m~wbr ha^è`m‘Üò {damQ>, {dhma, nr.Ho$.ìhr - 2 (H$mH$ -2) nrH$oìhr -4 Am[U H¥$nm ho dmÊm A{ÜmH$
CËnmXZ XoÊmmao AmhoV. `mn¡H$s {dO` Am{U {Xp½dO` ho Xoer dmÊm H$moaS>dmhygmR>r A{Vím` Mm§Jbo AmhoV. nmÊ`mMr CnbãÜmVm
Agob Va IV‘mÌm d nmÊ`mg Vo Mm§Jbo à{VgmX XoVmV. {dímmb hm Q>nmoè`m XmÊ`m§Mm dmÊm Amho. {damQ> hm H$m~wbr dmÊm
A{YH$ CËnmXZerb d ‘a amoJmbm à{VH$maj‘ Amho.
noaÊmrMr nÕV Am{Êm {~æmmÊ`mMo à‘mÊm
gm‘mÝ`V: Xíomr haämè¶mMr naoÊmr nmämarZo qH$dm {V\$ÊmrZo H$amdr. XmZo Ami o rVrb AV§a 30 g.|‘r. d XmZo amnomVrb 10
g.|‘r. AV§amda Q>mHo$Êm hmBob
© Ago Q>´Š°Q>ada MmbÊmmao naoÊmr`Ì§ ‘hmË‘m \$wbo H$¥{f {dÚmnrR>mZo V`ma H$obo Amh.o Ë`mMm dmna H$aÊmo
A{ÜmH$ MmJ§b.o `m àH$mao naoÊmr H$oë`mg {dO` haämè`mMo hŠoQ>ar 65 Vo 70 {H$bmo Va {demc
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 65

{Xp½dO`, {damQ> qH$dm nr.Ho$.ìhr - 2 `m dmÊmm§Mo hoŠQ>ar 100 {H$bmo {~`mÊmo bmJVo. nrHo$ìhr-4 Am{U H¥$nm dmUmH$[aVm
125-130 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a {~`mUo dmnamdo. haämam gar da§ã`mdahr Mm§Jbm òVmo. ^mar O{‘ZrV 90 g|.‘r. é§XrÀ`m gè`m
gmoS>mì`mV Am{Êm da§ã`mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOybm 10 g|.‘r. A§Vamda EH$-EH$ {~¶mUo Q>mH$mdo. H$m~wbr dmÊmmgmR>r O‘rZ Amobr
H$éZ dmnímmda noaÊmr Ho$br AgVm CJdU Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
~rOà[H«$`m
noaÊmrnydu à{V{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 2 J«°‘ Wmà‘ + 2 J«°‘ ~mdrñQ>rZ qH$dm 5 J«°‘ Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© `mMr ~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr,
`mZ§Va 250 J«°‘ am`Âmmo[~`‘ à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg JwimÀ`m W§S> ÐmdÊmm‘Üò {‘giyZ Mmoimdo. Ago {~`mÊmo Vmgäma
gmdbrV gwH$dmdo Am{Êm ‘J noaÊmr H$amdr. `m‘wio {nH$mMo amon AdñWoV ~waímrOÝ` amoJm§nmgyZ g§aúmÊm hmoVo. ‘wimdarb
ZÌmÀ`m J§«Wr dmT>VmV Am{Êm {nH$mMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
ha^è`mMo gwYm[aV dmU
dmU H$mbmdYr CËnmXZ ({Šd§./ho.) d¡{eîQ>ò
{dO` {Oam`V… 85 Vo 90 {Xdg {Oam`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 14-15 A{YH$ CËnmXZ j‘Vm, ‘aamJo à{VH$maH$,
gamgar CËnÞ … 14
~mJm`V… 105 Vo 110 {Xdg ~mJm`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 35-40 {Oam`V, ~mJm`V VgM o C{eam naoUrg
C{eam noaUr … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 16-18
`m½o`, AdfU © à{VH$maj‘, ‘hmamï>>´,
gamgar CËnÞ … 16 ‘Ü`àXe o , JOw amV amÁ`mH$[aVm àgmarV
{demb 110 Vo 115 {Xdg {Oam`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 14-15 AmH$fH©$ {ndio Q>nmaoo XmU,o A{YH$
~mJm`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 30-35 CËnmXZ, ‘aamJo à{VH$maH$, A{YH
gamgar CËnÞ … 20 ~$mOma^md, ‘hmamï>>´ amÁ`mH$[aVm àgm[aV.
{Xp½dO` {Oam`V… 90 Vo 95 {Xdg {Oam`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 14-15 {ndiga Vm~§gy, Q>nmaoo XmU,o ‘a amJo
~mJm`V… 105 Vo 110 {Xdg ~mJm`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 35-40 à{VH$maH$, {Oam`V, ~mJm`V VgM o C{eam
C{eam noaUr … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 20-22 naoUrg `m½o`, ‘hmamï>>´ amÁ`mH$[aVm
gamgar CËnÞ … 21 àgm[aV.
{Oam`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 10-12
{damQ> 110 Vo 115 {Xdg gamgar CËnÞ … 11 H$m~b
w r dmU, A{YH$ Q>nmaoo XmU,o ‘aamJo
~mJm`V … àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 30-32
gamgar CËnÞ … 19 à{VH$maH$, ‘hmamï>>´ amÁ`mH$[aVm àgm[aV.
H$n¥m 105 Vo 110 {Xdg àm`m{oJH$ CËnÞ … 30-32 OmñV Q>nmaoo XmUo AgUmam H$m~b w r dmU,
XmUo g\$oX nmT§>è`m aJ§mM,o gdm{©YH$
~mOma^md, ‘hmamï>>´, ‘Ü`àXe o Am{U
H$ZmQ©>H$ amÁ`mH§$[aVm àgm[aV (100
XmÊ`mM § o dOZ 59.4 J‘°«)
gmH$s 9596 105 Vo 110 {Xdg gamgar CËnÞ ‘aamoJ à{VH$maj‘, ~mJm¶V joÌmgmR>r
18 Vo 20 q¹$ / h.o ¶mo½¶
nrH$$oìhr-2 100 Vo 105 {Xdg gamgar CËnÞ A{YH$ Q>nmoao XmUo, A{YH$ ~mOma^md,
12 Vo 15 q¹$ / h.o ‘aamoJ à{VH$maj‘
gamgar CËnÞ OmñV Q>nmoao XmUo, A{YH$ ~mOma^md,
nraìohr-4 100 Vo 110 {Xdg 12 Vo 15 q¹$ / h.o ‘aamoJ à{VH$maj‘
gamgar CËnÞ ‘Ü¶‘ Q>nmoao XmUo, Adf©U à{VH$maj‘,
{~S>rEZOr-797 105 Vo 110 {Xdg 15 Vo 16 q¹$ / h.o ‘aamoJ à{VH$maj‘
66Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

IV‘mÌm
haämè¶mbm hoŠQ>ar 25 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am[U 30 {H$bmo nmbme IVmMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. `mgmR>r hoŠQ>ar
125 {H$bmo S>rEnr Am[U 50 {H$bmo å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e noaÊmrÀ`m doir {~`mÊmmbJV nS>ob `m nÕVrZo XwMmS>r nmämarZo noéZ
Úmdo. IV {dñH$Qy>Z Q>mHy$ Zò. nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV AgVmZm Am{U KmQ>o ämaÊ`mÀ`m AdñWo‘Üò 2 Q>ŠHo$ `war`mMr \$dmaÊmr H$amdr.
Am§Va‘ímmJV
{nH$mÀ`m Omo‘Xma dmT>rgmR>r ímoV gwédmVrnmgyZM VÊm {dahrV R>odmdo. nrH$ 20 {Xdgm§Mo Âmmë`mZ§Va n{hbr H$moinÊmr
H$amdr Am{Êm EH$ ‘{hÝ`mMo AgVmZm Xwgar H$moinÊmr H$amdr. H$moinÊmr ímŠ`Vmo dmnímmda H$amdr. H$moinÊmr‘wio O{‘ZrV hdm
Mm§Jbr IoiVr amhVo Am{Êm {nH$mMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. H$moinÊmrZ§Va EH$ IwanÊmr H$amdr. H$moaS>dmhy úmoÌm‘Üò H$moinÊmr‘wio
O{‘ZrV nS>V Agboë`m ämoJm ~wOyZ OmVmV Am{Êm Amob {Q>Hy$Z amhVo. VU{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r VUZmeH$ dmnamd`mMo Agë`mg noaUr
H$aVmZm dmnemda âë¶w³bmoa°brZ (~mgmbrZ) AWdm ñQ>m°§n (n|S>r‘oWrbrZ) ho VUZmeH$ 2.5 {bQ>a à{V hoŠQ>a à‘mUo 500
{bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo. \$dmaUr H$aVmZm O{‘ZrV nwaogm Amobmdm AgUo JaOoMo Amho.
nmÊmr ì`dñWmnZ
{Oam¶V haâm joÌmV O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm IynM H$‘r Agob Am{U EImXo nmUr XoUo e³¶ Agob Va haâm {nH$mbm
’w$bo ¶oD$ bmJVmM nmUr Úmdo. ~mJm¶V haâm eoVmMr amZ~m§YUr H$aVmZm XmoZ gmè¶mVrb A§Va H$‘rV H$‘r R>odÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ
H$amdm. VgoM bm§~r gwÜXm O{‘ZrÀ¶m CVmamZwgma H$‘r R>odmdr åhUOo {nH$mbm à‘mUera nmUr XoÊ¶mg gmo¶rMo hmoVo.
‘Ü¶‘O{‘ZrV 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr n{hbo, 45 Vo 50 {Xdgm§Zr Xþgao Am{U 65 Vo 70 {Xdgm§Zr {Vgao nmUr Úmdo. ^mar
O{‘ZrgnmÊ¶mÀ¶m XmoZM nmù¶m nwaoem hmoVmV. Ë¶mgmR>r n{hbo nmUr 30-35 {Xdgm§Zr d Xþgao nmUr 65-70 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
haâm {nH$mbm gd©gmYmaUnUo 25 g|‘r nmUr bmJVo. àË¶oH$ doir nmUr à‘mUera ( 7 Vo 8 g|.‘r.) XoUo ‘hËdmMo AgVo.
OmñV nmUr {Xbo Va nrH$ CîÊ¶mMm YmoH$m AgVmo. ñWm{ZH$ n[apñWVrZwgma d O{‘ZrÀ¶m ImobrZwgma nmÊ¶mÀ¶m XmoZ
nmù¶m‘Ü¶o A§Va R>odmdo. O{‘Zrg ’$ma ‘moR>çm ôJm nS>Ê¶mÀ¶m AmVM {nH$mg nmUr Úmdo. nmUr {Xë¶mZ§Va eoVmV nmUr gmMyZ
amhUma Zmhr ¶mMr H$miOr ¿¶mdr, AÝ¶Wm ‘wiHw$Oì¶m amoJmZo {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo.
Vwfma qgMZ : haâm {nH$mg daXmZ
haâm {nH$mg Vwfma qgMZ nÕVrZo nmUr {Xë¶mg Am{U gwYm[aV dmUm§Mr bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mg CËnmXZmV ‘moR>r dmT> hmoVo.
ho nrH$ nmÊ¶mg A{Ve¶ g§dXoZerb Agë¶mZo JaOonojm A{YH$ nmUr {Xë¶mg nrH$ CîVo Am{U Ë¶m‘wio CËnmXZmV ‘moR>r
KQ> ¶oVo. ¶mgmR>r ¶m {nH$mg Vwfma qgMZ A{Ve¶ CËH¥$ï> nÕV Amho. Vwfma qgMZ nÕVr‘wio {nH$mg nm{hOo VodT>o Amdí¶H$
Ë¶m doiobm nmUr XoVm ¶oVo. gmam, nmQ>-da§~m ¶mgma»¶m nÕVrZo nmUr {Xë¶mg O‘rZ Xm~yZ ~gVo d O{‘ZrMm ^wg^werVnUm
H$‘r hmoVmo d Ë¶mMm CËnmXZmda n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. na§Vw Vwfma qgMZmZo O‘rZ Zoh‘r ^wg^werV amhVo. H$moUVrhr ‘emJV A{Ve¶
gwb^ H$aVm ¶oVo. AJmoXa Vwfma qgMZmZo O‘rZ AmobmdyZ ‘emJV Ho$br Am{U {V’$Z qH$dm nmârÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo H$mH$è¶m nmSy>Z
haâm {~¶mUo Q>moH$U Ho$bo Va {nH$mMr CJdU A{Ve¶ Mm§Jbr hmoVo. Vwfma [g§MZ nÕVrZo nmUr {Xë¶mg eoVm‘Ü¶o gmam, nmQ>m-
da§~m nmS>Ê¶mMr JaO ZgVo. n¶m©¶mZo ¶mdarb IMm©V ~MV hmoVo. {nH$mV VUm§Mm àmXþ^m©d Zoh‘rnojm Vwfma qgMZ nÕVrV H$‘r
hmoVmo Am{U Agbobo VU H$mT>Uo A{Ve¶ gwb^ OmVo. Zoh‘rÀ¶m nÕVrV {nH$mg AZoH$Xm à‘mUmnojm OmñV nmUr {Xë¶m‘wio
‘wiHw$OgmaIo amoJ {nH$mda ¶oVmV Am{U nrH$ CËnmXZ KQ>Vo. na§Vw Vwfma qgMZmZo nmUr A{Ve¶ à‘mUmV XoVm ¶oV Agë¶mZo
‘wiHw$O amoJm‘wio hmoUmao ZwH$gmV Q>miVm ¶oVo. Zoh‘rÀ¶m nmUr XoÊ¶mÀ¶m nÕVrV OmñV nmÊ¶m‘wio {nH$mg {Xbobr IVo, AÞÐì¶o
dmhÿZ qH$dm Imobda OmÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm AgVo. {edm¶ dm’$gm bdH$a ¶oV Zgë¶mZo AÞÐì¶o, IVo {nH$mg CnbãY hmoVrbM
¶mMr ImÌr ZgVo. ‘mÌ Vwfma qgMZ nÕVr‘Ü¶o O{‘ZrV Zoh‘rM dm’$gm pñWVr amhV Agë¶m‘wio {nH$mg {Xbobr gd© IVo
nyU©nUo CnbãY hmoVmV Am{U dm’$gm pñWVr‘wio {nH$mMr AÞÐì¶o emofÊ¶mMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo. Aer arVrZo Vwfma qgMZ nÕVrZo
haâm {nH$mg nmUr {Xë¶mg haâm CËnmXZmV AmemXm¶H$ Am{U ârd dmT> hmoVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 67

nrH$ g§aúmÊm
haâm {nH$mMo ¿mmQ>oAir‘wio 30 Vo 40 Q>ŠHo$ ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. nrH$ 3 AmR>dS>`mMo Âmmbo AgVm Ë`mda ~marH$ Ai`m {Xgy
bmJVmV. nmZm§daVr nm§T>ao S>mJ {XgVmV Am{Êm ím|S>o Imëbobo {XgVmV. `mdoir qZ~moir AH©$ 5 Q>ŠHo$ ÐmdUmMr EH$ \$dmaUr
¿¶mdr. ¶mH$[aVm {nH$mg \w$bH$ir bmJÊ¶mÀ¶m doiog n{hbr \$dmaUr H$amdr. ¶mgmR>r 25 {H$bmo qZ~moir nmdS>a amÌâ 50
{bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {ÔV R>odmdr. gH$mir H$mnS>mÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo AH©$ H$mTy>Z Ë¶m‘Ü¶o 450 {bQ>a nmUr Q>mH$mdo. Ago ÐmdU 1
hoŠQ>a joÌmda \$dmamdo. nwT>o 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr ho{bAmo{H$b 500 {‘br 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ à{V hoŠQ>a `m {dîmmÊmyOÝ`
{H$Q>H$ZmímH$mMr \$dmaÊmr H$amdr. Amdí`H$Vm Agob Va {Vgar \$dmaUr 18.5 Q>³Ho$ àdmhr ŠbmoaA°ÝQ´>r{Zbràmob (H$moamOZ)
100 {‘br ho³Q>abm 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo, ¶m {H$SrMoo {Z¶§ÌU EH$mpË‘H$ nÕVrZo Mm§Jbo hmoVo. Ë¶mgmR>r noaUrÀ¶m
doir ho³Q>ar 200 J«°‘ Ádmar, eoVm‘Ü¶o noamdr. ¶m {nH§$mMm {‘Ì{H$S>tÀ¶m AmH$f©UmgmR>r Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. Ë¶m‘wio KmQ>oAirMo
{Z¶§ÌU hmoVo. njm§Zm ~gm¶bm OmJmoOmJr Vya H$mQ>³¶mMr ‘MmUr bmdmdrV. Ë¶mda H$moigm, {M‘Ê¶m, gmi§w»¶m Ago njr
¶oVmV Am{U Aù¶m doMVmV ho³Q>ar 5 ’o$amo‘ZMo gmnio bmdmdoV. Ë`m‘wio {H$S>rMo Zo‘Ho$ à‘mÊm H$iVo Am{Êm \$dmaÊ`m XoÊmo
`mo½` R>aVo.
H$mT>Êmr
110 Vo 120 {Xdgm§‘Üò haâm nrH$ V`ma hmoVo. nrH$ Amobga AgVmZm H$mT>Êmr H$é Zò. ¿mmQ>o H$S>H$ dmië`mZ§Va
‘JM haämè¶mMr H$mT>Êmr H$ê$Z ‘iUr H$amdr. `mZ§Va YmÝ`mg 6-7 {Xdg H$S>H$ D$Z Úmdo. haämam H$moR>r‘Üò gmR>dyZ
R>odmdm. Ëæmm‘Üæmo H$Sw>qb~mMm nmbm (5 Q>¸o$) ¿mmbmdm. Ë`m‘wio gmR>dÊmrV H$sS> bmJV Zmhr.
CËnmXZ
AímmàH$mao gwYm[aV dmU Am{U V§ÌkmZ dmna H$ê$Z haämè¶mMr ímoVr Ho$ë`mg gamgar 25 Vo 30 qŠdQ>b à{V hoŠQ>a
CËnmXZ {‘iy ímH$Vo.
Vya
»marn hJ§m‘m‘Üò Vay ho A{Vím` ‘hËdmMo nrH$ Amh.o `m {nH$mbm 21 Vo 25 g.|J.o« Vmn‘mZ MmJ§bo ‘mZdV.o gZ 2013-14
‘Üò ‘hmamîQ>´ amÁ`mV Vay {nH$mMo jÌo 10.96 bm»m hŠoQ>a, CËnmXZ 9.66 bmI Q>Z, CËnmXH$Vm 881 {H$bm/o hŠoQ>a Aer hmVor.
O‘rZ
‘Ü`‘ Vo ämmar, nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmÊommar O‘rZ Vay {nH$mH$[aVm `m½o` AgV.o MmnoÊm, nmÊmWi O{‘ZrV Vay MmJ§br
`Vo Zmhr. H$gXma, ämgwämíwmrV, nmòQ>çmÀ`m O{‘ZrV gÜwXm Vay MmJ§br `Vo.o O{‘ZrV ñ\$waX , H$°pëím`‘, JÜ§mH$ `m Ðì`mM§r
H$‘VaVm Zgmdr. gmÜmmaÊmV: 6.5 Vo 7.5 gm‘y Agbb o r O‘rZ `m {nH$mg `m½o` AgV.o
ndy‘©ímmJV
aã~r hJ§m‘mMo nrH$ {Z¿mmë`mZV§a MmJ§br »mmbo ZmJ§aQ> H$amdr Am{Êm CÝhmi`mV O‘rZ MmJ§br Vmny Úmdr. Ë`m‘i w o
O{‘ZrVrb {H$S>r, AS§>r d H$mîom B. ZîQ> hmVomV. O‘rZ MmJ§br Vmnë`m‘i w o g{ÀN>ÐVm dmT>V.o AÝZÐìò ‘ŠwV hmVomV Am{Êm
O{‘ZrMm nmVo gÜwmmaVm.o ‘mÝgZwMm nmD$g Pmë¶mda dmngm ¶VomM H$widmMr nmir XDo$Z H$mS>r H$Mam ñdÀN> dMoZy O‘rZ
naoUrgmR>r V`ma R>domdr.
`m½o` dmÊmmM
§ r {ZdS
Vawr‘Üò {dnb
w m, \$wbo amOíodar, Am`.gr.nr.Eb.-87, E.H$o.Q>r -8811, ~r.Eg.E‘.Ama -853, ~r.Eg.E‘.Ama -
736, ~r.Eg.E‘.Ama - 711 Ago MmJ§bo dmÊm AmhVo.
68 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gwYm[aV dmU : Vya
A§ Vya dmU àgmaU {nH$mMm CËnÞ d¡{eîQ>ço bmJdS>rMm
Z§. df© H$mbmdYr q¹$/ho àXoe
({Xdg)
1 Am¶. gr. nr. 1986 120-130 18-20 ‘¶mX©rV dmT>rMm, Pnw³¶mZo eJ|m ¶Uomam, gdmY©rH$ ‘hmamï>´
Eb. 87 bdH$a V¶ma hmUomam dmU
2. EH$oQ>r-8811 2000 140-150 15-16 bdH$a V¶ma hmUomam, gbJ VgM o AmVa§{nH$mgmR>r {dX^©
¶m½o¶ dmU
3. {dnbw m 2006 145-160 24-26 gbJ VgM o AmV§a{nH$ nÕVrgmR>r âKmgo CËnmXZ
XUomam dmU, ‘a VgM o dmP § amJomg ‘Ü¶‘ à{VH$maH$ ‘hmamï>´
4. \$wbo amOíodar 2012 140-150 28-30 ‘a Am{U dmP § amJo à{VH$maj‘, bdH$a n³dVm, ‘hmamï>´
Vm~§S>çm aJ§mMo Q>nmaoo XmUo
5. ~r. S>r. EZ. 2006 160-170 16-18 gbJ VgM o AmV§a{nH$ nÕVrgmR>r ¶m½o¶ dmU ‘amR>dmS>m
708
6. ~r. Eg. E‘. 2001 160-170 18-20 ‘Ü¶‘ AmH$mamMo Vm~§S>o XmU,o ‘a VgM o dmP§ ‘hmamï>´
Ama. - 853 amJomg à{VH$maH$, gbJ VgM o AmV§a{nH$
nÕVrgmR>r ¶m½o¶ dmU
7. ~r. Eg. E‘. 1995 170-180 16-18 ‘Ü¶‘ AmH$mamMo Vm~§S>o XmU,o ‘a VgM o dmP § ‘hmamï>´
Ama. 736 amJomg à{VH$maH$, gbJ VgM o AmV§a{nH$
nÕVrgmR>r ¶m½o¶ dmU
8. ~r. S>r. EZ. 2011 150-160 18-20 dmT>rMm H$b {Z‘ngaQ>, XmUo aJ§mZo nmT§>ao Q>nmao,o ‘amR>dmS>m
711 100 XmÊ¶mM § o dOZ 10-12 J‘°« âV.o VgM o npíM‘
dmU ‘a Am{U dmP § amJomH$arVm à{VH$maj‘ Amh.o ‘hmamï>´
noaÊmrMr doi
VwarMr noaÊmr doioda hmoÊmo Amdí`H$ Amho. n[hë`m nmdgmZ§Va ímoV Mm§Jbo V`ma H$amdo. H$mS>r H$Mam doMyZ ñdÀN> H$amdo.
OyZÀ`m Xwgè`m n§YadS>çmV noaUr H$amdr. noaÊmr OgOímr C{ímam hmoB©b Ë`mà‘mÊmo CËnmXZmV ¿mQ> òVo. `mgmR>r 10 Owëm¡nydu
noaÊmr H$amdr.
Am§Va[nH$o$
Vya ho nrH$ ~hþVm§ímr Am§Va{nH$ åhÊmyZ ¿moVbo OmVo. Vya +~mOar (1:2), Vya + gw`©\y$b (1:2),Vya + gmo`m~rZ (1:3 ),
Vya + Ádmar (1:2 [H§$dm 1:4), Vya + H$mnyg(1…6/1…8) , Vya + ämwB©‘yJ, Vya + ‘yJ (1…3), Vya + CS>rX (1:3) AímmàH$mao
noaÊmr Ho$ë`mg XmoÝhr {nH$m§Mo CËnmXZ Mm§Jbo òVo. VyarMo gbJ nrH$ gwÕm Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ XoVo.
noaÊmrMo A§Va
gbJ nrH$ ¿`md`mMo Agë`mg Am`.gr.nr.Eb-87 `m AVr bdH$a V`ma hmoUmè`m dmÊmmH$arVm 45
10 go§.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo, E.Ho$.Q>r- 8811 H$[aVm 45 20 go|.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo. bdH$a H$mbmdÜmrÀ`m dmÊmmH$[aVm 60
20 go§.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo. Va {dnwbm `m ‘Ü`‘ H$mbmdYrÀ`m dmUmH$[aVm 90 20 g|.‘r. A§Va dmnamdo. A{bH$S>o KoÊ`mV
Amboë`m à`moJm‘Üò A{YH$ A§Vamda noaboë`m Vya {nH$mMo AmemXm`H$ CËnmXZ {‘imbo Amho. åhUyZ 180 30 go._r.
qH$dm 9060 go._r. A§Vamda noaUr H$amdr. 18030 go._r. A§Vamda bmJdS> H$ê$Z Ë`mV gmo`m~rZÀ`m 3 Amoir
A§VanrH$ åhUyZ 455 g|._r. A§Vamda bmJdS> H$aVm òD$ eH$Vo. gmo`m~rZ nrH$ bdH$a {ZKyZ OmVo. VgoM Vwa d gmo`m~rZ
XmoÝhr {nH$mVyZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ {_iy eH$Vo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 69

{~`mÊmo à‘mU
Am`.gr.nr.Eb - 87 À`m noaÊmrgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 18 Vo 20 {H$bmo {~`mÊmo bmJVo. ‘Ü`‘ ‘wXVrÀ`m amOoídar, {dnwbm d
E.Ho$.Q>r -8811 `m dmUmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 12-15 {H$bmo {~`mÊmo nwaVo. C{ímam òÊmmè`m Am{Êm OmñV A§Vamda bmdmd`mÀ`m
dmÊmmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 10 Vo 12 {H$bmo {~`mÊmo nwaoeo hmoVo.
~rOà{H«$`m
noaÊmrnydu à{V{H$bmo {~`mÊmmg 2 J«°‘ Wmà‘ + 2 J«°‘ H$m~}ÝS>|Pr‘ qH$dm 5 J«°åm Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© à{V {H$bmo {~`mUmg
~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr. `mZ§Va 250 J«°‘ a>m`Pmo{~`‘ 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg JwimÀ`m W§S> ÐmdÊmmVyZ Mmoimdo.
IV ì`dñWmnZ
gbJ VwargmR>r hoŠQ>ar 25 {H$bmo ZÌ d 50 {H$bmo ñ\$waX åhUOoM 125 {H$bmo S>rEnr noaUrMo doir Úmdo. Am§VanrH$
Agëæmmg Áæmm {nH$mÀæmm Amoir OmñV Ëæmm {nH$mMr {e\$mag Ho$bobr IV ‘mÌm Úmdr. CXm. gmo`m~rZ H$arVm 50 {H$bmo ZÌ
Am{Êm 75 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Aímr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
Am§Va ‘ímmJV
{nH$mV$ 15 Vo 20 {XdgmZ§Va H$moinÊmr H$amdr. nwT>o 15 {Xdgm§Zr »mwanÊmr qH$dm H$moinÊmr H$amdr. A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r
nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 30-45 {Xdg eoV VU{dahrV R>odmdo. VU{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r VUZmeH$mMm dmna H$amd`mMm Agë`mg noaUr
H$aVmZm dmnemda (nwaogm Amobmdm) ~mgmbrZ ho VUZmeH$ 2.5 {bQ>a à{V hoŠQ>abm 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
nmÊmr ìæmdñWmnZ
Vya ho »marn h§Jm‘m‘Ümrb nrH Agëæmm‘wio Vo nmdgmda dmT>Vo. VWm{n nmdgm‘Üæmo I§S> nS>ëæmmg qH$dm nmÊ`mMm VmÊm
nS>ëæmmg Am{Êm qgMZmMr gw{dYm Agëæmmg [nH$mg dmT>rÀæmm AdñWo‘Üæmo (30 Vo 35 {Xdg), \w$bmoè`mÀæmm AdñWo‘Üæmo
(60 Vo 70 {Xdg) Am{Êm ím|Jm ämamd`mÀ`m AdñWo‘Üæmo nmUr Úmdo. Ëæmm‘wio nrH$ CËnmXZmV A{YH$ dmT> hmoVo.
nrH$ g§aúmÊm
Vwar‘Üæmo \w$bmoam d ím|Jm ämaÊæmmÀæmm AdñWo‘Üæmo ¿mmQ>oAir, {ngmar nV§J, e|J ‘mímr æmm {H$S>r‘wio 30 Vo 40 Q>ŠHo$
ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. æmmgmR>r EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ nÕVrZo {Z`§ÌU H$amdo. V¥ÊmÜmmÝæmmMo Am§VanrH$ Agëæmmg {H$S>tMo à‘mÊm
H$‘r amhVo. EM.EZ. nr.ìhr `m O¡{dH$ {H$S> {Z`§ÌUmMm dmna H$amdm. \w$bH$ir bmJVm§Zm n{hbr \$dmaUr qZ~moir AH©$ 5
Q>¸o$, Xwgar \$dmaUr n{hë`m \$dmaUrZ§Va 12-15 {Xdgm§Zr hobrAmo{H$b 500 {‘br/hoŠQ>a Am{U JaOoZwgma {Vgar \$dmaUr,
18.5 Q>¸o$ àdmhr ŠbmoaA°ÝQ´>r{Zbràmob (H$moamOZ) 150 {_br AWdm B_m_oŠQ>rZ ~|PmoEQ> (àmoŠbo_) 200 J«°_ AWdm
pñnZmog°S> 45 Eggr àdmhr 200 {‘br à{V ho³Q>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ \$dmamdo.
H$mTÊmr
VyarÀæmm ím|Jm dmiëæmmda nrH$ H$mnyZ ¿æmmdo d »miæmmda ‘iUr H$amdr.
gmR>dÊm
gmR>dÊmrnydu Vya ÜmmÝæm 5-6 {Xdg Mm§Jbo CÝhmV dmidyZ nmoËæmmV qH$dm H$moR>rV gmR>dmdo. gmR>dÊm H$m|XQ> d Amobga
OmJoV H$é Zæmo. ímŠæm Agëæmmg H$Sy>qb~mMm nmbm (5 Q>ŠHo$) ÜmmÝæmmV {‘giyZ ÜmmÝæm gmR>dmdo. æmm‘wio ÜmmÝæm gmR>dÊmrVrb
{H$S>rnmgyZ gwa{úmV amhVo.
CËnmXZ
AímmàH$mao gwYm[aV dmU Am{U V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$ê$Z VwarMr bmJdS> Ho$ëæmmg gamgar 18 Vo 20 pŠd¨Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar
CËnmXZ {‘iy ímH$Vo.
70 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘yJ d CS>rX
»marn h§Jm‘m‘Üæmo VwarÀæmm »mmbmo»mmb ‘yJ Am{Êm CS>rX hr ‘hËdmMr {nHo$ JÊmbr OmVmV. æmm XmoÝhr {nH$m§Mr {‘iyZ
‘hmamîQ´>m‘Üæmo Xadîmu gw‘mao 7 Vo 8 bm»m hoŠQ>a úmoÌmda ímoVr hmoVo. ‘yJ Am{Êm CS>rX hr 70 Vo 75 {XdgmV æmoÊmmar {nHo$
Agëæmm‘wio WmoS>æmmímm nmdgmMm Xo»mrb bmäm CR>dy ímH$VmV. Xw~ma VgoM {‘l nrH$ nÕVrgmR>r hr XmoÝhr {nHo$ A{Vímæm
‘hËdmMr AmhoV.
O‘rZ
‘yJ Am{Êm CS>rXmbm ‘Üæm‘ Vo ämmar, Mm§Jbr {ZMam hmoÊmmar O‘rZ AmdíæmH$ AgVo. nmÊmr gmMyZ amhÊmmar úmmanS>, MmonÊm
qH$dm AËæm§V hbH$s O‘rZ Q>mimdr.
nyd©‘ímmJV
Mm§Jbr nyd©‘ímmJV hr ‘yJ AmpÊm CS>rXmÀæmm A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Amdí`H$ ~m~ Amho. æmmgmR>r CÝhmiæmmnydu O‘rZ
Zm§Jamdr. Vr Mm§Jbr Vmny Úmdr Am{Êm nmdgmim gwé hmoVmM Hw$idmÀæmm nmù`m ¿`mì`mV. H$mS>r, H$Mam, ÜmgH$Q>o doMyZ
¿`mdrV. æmmM doir hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo ímoÊm»mV ¿mmbmdo.
noaÊmrMr doi
‘yJ Am{Êm CS>rX hr XmoÝhr {nHo$ »marn h§Jm‘mVrb AmhoV. Ëæmm‘wio ‘mÝgyZMm n{hbm noaÊmræmmo½æm nmD$g Âmmëæmmda Am{Êm
O{‘ZrV dmngm æmoVmM åhÊmOo OyZMm Xwgam n§YadmS>m‘Üò noaÊmr nyÊm© H$amdr. noaÊmr OgOímr C{eam hmoV OmB©b Ëæmmà‘mÊmo
CËnmXZmV ‘moR>r ¿mQ> hmoVo.
gwÜmm[aV dmÊm
‘yJm‘Üæmo AZoH$ dmÊm CnbãÜm AmhoV `mVrb d¡ämd hm dmÊm »marn d CÝhmir `m XmoÝhr h§Jm‘mgmR>r Cn`wŠV Amho.
‘yJm‘Üæmo d¡^d d ~r.nr.E‘.Ama - 145 ho XmoZ dmÊm amoJà{VH$maH$ d A{ÜmH$ CËnmXZ XoÊmmao Mm§Jbo dmÊm AmhoV. ho XmoÝhr
dmÊm ämwar amoJmbm à{VH$maH$ AmhoV Am{Êm H$monaJm§d `m nma§n[aH$ dmÊmmnoúmm A{ÜmH$ CËnmXZ XoÊmmao AmhoV. H$monaJmd - 1 hm
‘yJmMm dmÊm OwZm AgyZ Ëæmmda ämwar amoJmMm ‘moR>m àmXwämm©d hmoVmo. Ëæmm‘wio hm dmÊm KoÊ`mMo Q>mimdo. CS>rXm‘Üæmo H$mhr ‘moOHo$M
dmÊm AmhoV. Ëæmmn¡H$s Q>rnr`y-4 d Q>rE`y-1 ho XmoZ dmU CËH¥$ï> JUbo OmVmV. Q>rnræmy-4 d Q>rEæmy-1 ho XmoÝhr Q>nmoèæmm H$miæmm
XmÊæmm§Mo dmÊm AgyZ nŠdVoMm H$mbmdÜmr 70 Vo75 {Xdgm§Mm Amho.
A. ‘yJ dmU àgmaU {nH$mMm CËnmXZ d¡{eîQ>ço bmJdS>rMm
({Xdg)
1. d^¡d 2001 70-75 14-15 A{YH$ CËnÞ, âyr amJo à{VH$maj‘, Q>nmaoo {hado XmUo ‘hmamï>>´
2. nr.H$o.ìhr. 2009 65-70 12-15 A{YH$ CËnmXZ, ‘Ü¶‘ AmH$mamMo XmU,o EH$mM ‘hmamï>>´
E.H$o.E‘-4 di
o r n³dVm ¶Uomam dmU, ~haþmJo à{VH$maH$
3. nr.H$o.ìhr. 2007 70-75 10-11 ‘Ü¶‘ AmH$mamMo XmU,o EH$mM di o r n³dVm ¶Uomam {dX^©
Jr«Z JmëoS> dmU, âwr amJo à{VH$maj‘
4. ~r. E‘. 2010 65-70 12-14 Q>nmaoo XmU,o bm~§ eJ|m, âwr amJo à{VH$maj‘, ‘hmamï>´
2003-2 A{YH$ CËnmXZ
5. ~r. E‘ 2005 65-70 12-14 Q>nmaoo XmU,o bm~§ eJ|m, âwr amJo à{VH$maj‘, ‘hmamï>´
2002-1 A{YH$ CËnmXZ, EH$mM di o r n³d hmUomam dmU
6. ~r.nr. E‘. 2001 65-70 12-14 âyr amJo à{VH$maj‘, Q>nmao,o {hado XmU,o bm~§ eJ§om ‘hmamï>´
Ama. 145
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 71

A. CS>rX dmU àgmaU {nH$mMm CËnmXZ d¡{eîQ>ço bmJdS>rMm
({Xdg)
1. ~r.S>r.`w-1 2001 70-75 10-12 Q>nmoao XmUo ‘hmamï>´>
2. Q>r.E.`w.-1 2000 65-70 10-12 Q>nmoao XmUo, amonmdñWoV Omo‘Xma dmT>, EH$mM doir {dX^©
n³dVm hmoUmam dmU, ^war amoJ ‘Ü¶‘ à{VH$maH$
3. Q>r.E.`w-2 1993 70-75 10-12 Q>nmoao XmUo, ^mar O{‘ZrgmR>r ¶mo½¶ {dX^©
4. nrHo$ìhr 2005 65-70 10-12 Q>nmoao XmUo, EH$mM doir n³dVm hmoUmam dmU, ^war {dX^©
CS>rX 15 amoJ ‘Ü¶‘ à{VH$maH$
5. Q>r.nr.¶w-4 1992 70-75 10-12 Q>nmoao, H$mio XmUo ‘hmamï´>,
‘Ü¶àXoe,
JwOamV
6. ‘oiKmQ> 1992 70-75 10-12 aã~r h§Jm‘mgmR>r ¶mo½¶, Q>nmoao XmUo {dX^©
(EHo$¶w-4)
~rOà{H«$æmm
noaÊmrnydu à{V {H$bmo {~æmmÊæmmg 5 J«°‘ Q´>mæmH$moS>‘m© nmdS>a bmdmdr d Ë`mZ§Va 25 J«°‘ amæmÂmmo{~æm‘ OrdmÊmyMr
nmdS>a JwimÀæmm W§S> nmÊæmm‘Üæmo {‘giyZ bmdmdr. ‘yJ, CS>rX æmm {nH$m§Àæmm {~æmmÊmmgmR>r Mdir JQ>mMo amæmÂmmo{~æm‘
OrdmÊmy g§dÜm©Z dmnamdo. Q´>mæmH$moS>‘m©‘wio ~waímrOÝæm amoJmMo {Z`§ÌU hmoVo. amæmÂmmo{ãmæm‘ ‘wio ‘wimdarb JmR>r dmTy>Z ZÌmMr
CnbãÜmVm dmT>Vo.
noaÊmrMo A§Va
‘yJ Am{Êm CS>rX hr {nHo$ A{Vímæm H$‘r H$mbmdÜmrMr (65 Vo 70 {Xdg) Agëæmm‘wio gbJM AWdm Am§VanrH$ åhÊmyZ
¿moVbo OmVo. æmm XmoÝhr {nH§$mMo ~r noaÊmrgmR>r XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 30 go§.‘r. d XmoZ amon§m‘Ümrb A§Va 10 go§.‘r. amhrb æmm
~oVmZo noaÊmr H$amdr. noaÊmr nmämarZo H$aÊmo Mm§Jbo. æmm {nH$m‘Üæmo VwarMo Am§VanrH$ ¿`md`mMo Agëæmmg ‘w»` {nH$mÀ`m XmoZ Vo
Mma AmoirZV§a EH$ Amoi VyarMr noaÊmr H$amdr.
IV‘mÌm
`m XmoÝhr {nH$m§Zm 20 {H$bmo ZÌ Am{Êm 40 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX åhUOoM 100 {H$bmo S>rEnr à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo. ímŠ`Vmo
amgm`{ZH$ »mVo hr Mm§Jë`m Hw$Oboë`m ímoÊm»mVm‘Üò {‘giyZ {~`mÊmmbJV noéZ Úmdr åhÊmOo Ë`mMm àämmd Mm§Jbm hmoVmo.
Am§Va‘ímmJV
gwédmVrnmgyZM nrH$ VÊm{dahrV R>odÊmo hr {nH$mÀ`m Omo‘Xma dmT>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ ~m~ Amho. nrH$ 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Mo
AgVmZm n{hbr Am{Êm 30-35 {Xdgm§Mo AgVmZm Xwgar H$moinÊmr H$amdr. H$moinÊmr ímŠ`Vmo dmnímmda H$amdr. H$moinÊmr
Z§Va XmoZ amonm§Vrb VÊm H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r bJoM »mwanÊmr H$amdr. hr {nHo$ 30 Vo 45 {Xdg VÊm {dahrV R>odÊmo ho CËnmXZ dmT>rÀ`m
X¥îQ>rZo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
nmÊmr ì`dñWmnZ
hr {nHo gd©ñdr nmdgmda òÊmmar AmhoV. `m {nH$m§Zm \w$bo òVmZm Am{Êm ímo§Jm ämaVmZm Amoëmmì`mMr H$‘VaVm ämmgy bmJVo.
Aímm n[a{ñWVrV nmD$g Zgob Am{Êm O{‘ZrV Amobmdm »mwnM H$‘r Âmmbm Agob Va \w$bo òÊ`mÀ`m Am{Êm ím|Jm ämaÊ`mÀ`m
H$mim‘Üò hbHo$ nmÊmr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§aúmÊm
`m {nH$m§da {H$S>tMm àmXw©ämmd H$‘r AgVmo. na§Vw, ‘wJmda ag ímmoîmÊmmÀ`m {H$S>r Am{Êm CS>rXmda Ho$gmi Ai`m `m§Mm
àmXw^m©d hmoVmo. CS>rXmdarb Ho$gmi AirÀ`m {Z`§ÌÊmmgmR>r p³dZm°b’$m°g 25 Q>³Ho$ àdmhr 1000 {‘br 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmamdo. VgoM {Z`{‘VnÊmo ímoVmg nmÊmr Amdí`H$ Amho. E»mmÚm amonQ>çmda Ho$gmi Ai`m§Mm àmXw©ämmd {XgVmM
72 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Vr amonQ>r CnQ>mdrV d gd© Ai`m ZîQ> H$éZ Q>mH$mì`mV. `m [nH$m§da àm‘w»`mZo ämyar Am{Êm {ndim {dîmmÊmy `m amoJm§Mm
àmXwämm©d AmT>iyZ òVmo. ämyar amoJmÀ`m àmXwämm©dm‘wio {nH$mÀ`m Imbrb nmZm§da nm§T>ao {R>nHo$ {XgyZ òVmV. VgoM {ndim
{dîmmÊmy `m amoJmMm àgma nm§T>ar ‘mímr `m H$sS>r‘m\©$V hmoVmo. `m amoJm‘wio H$modi`m nmZmda bhmZ {ndio {R>nHo$ {XgVmV d
WmoS>æmmM {XdgmV nmZm§À`m ~-`mMímm ämmJmda A{Z`{‘V AmH$mamMo MQ²Q>o {Xgy bmJVmV. `m‘wio CËnmXZmV ¿mQ> hmoVo. `m
amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r nmÊ`mV {‘giÊmmao J§ÜmH$ 1250 J«°‘ qH$dm 500 J«°‘ H$m~o©ÝS>|{Âm‘ 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ à{V hoŠQ>ar
\$dmamdo. Amdí`H$Vm ämmgë`mg 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr AmUIr EH$ \$dmaÊmr H$amdr.
H$mT>Êmr
‘yJmÀ`m ím|Jm 75 Q>ŠHo$ dmië`mZ§Va n{hbr VmoS>Êmr d Ë`mZ§Va 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr am{hëmoë`m gd© ím|½mm VmoS>mì`mV. ím|Jm
»mi`mda Mm§½më`m dmië`mda ‘iUr H$amdr. CS>rXmMr H$mnÊmr H$éZ »mi`mda AmÊmyZ Ë`mMr ‘iUr H$amdr. CS>rXmÀ`m
ím|Jm VmoS>Ê`mMr JaO ämmgV Zmhr. gmR>dÊmrnydu ‘yJ d CS>rX ÜmmÝ` 4-5 {Xdg Mm§Jbo CÝhmV dmidyZ nmoË`mV qH$dm H$moR>rV
gmR>dmdo. gmR>dÊm H$m|XQ> d Amobga OmJoV H$é Zò. gmR>dVmZm H$Sy>qZ~mMm nmbm ÜmmÝ`mV {‘gimdm. Ë`m‘wio gmR>dÊmrV
H$sS> bmJV Zmhr.
CËnmXZ
AímmàH$mao Mm§Jbr H$miOr ¿moD$Z dmT>{dboë`m {nH$mnmgyZ ‘yJmMo 12 Vo 15 pŠd¨Q>b Va CS>rXmMo 10 Vo 12 pŠd¨Q>b
hoŠQ>ar CËnÝZ {‘iËmo.
Hw$irW Am{U ‘Q>H$s

* hcH$r Vo ‘Ü`‘ ‘miamZmMr, nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ `m {nH$mg `mo½` AgVo, nmUWi , MmonU, jma`wŠV
O{‘ZrV `m {nH$mMr cmJdS> Q>mimdr.
* CÝhmù`mV O{‘ZrMr Imoc Zm§JaQ> H$amdr.
* hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IV Úmdo. ‘¥JmMm nmD$g Pmë`m Z§Va Hw$idmÀ`m XmoZ nmù`m Úmì`mV.
* hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo à‘mU :12 Vo 15 {H$cmo.
* noaUrMo A§Va : XmoZ AmoirV 30 g|§. ‘r. d XmoZ amonmV 10 g|.‘r. R>odmdo.
* ~rOà{H«$`m -1 {H$cmo {~`mÊ`mg 2 J«°‘ Wmà‘ + 2 J°°«‘ H$m~]S>oPr‘ Mmoimdo `mZ§Va 250 J«°‘ am`Pmo{~`‘
OrdmUyg§dY©Z 10 Vo 15 {H$cmo {~`mÊ`mg JwimÀ`m W§S> ÐmdUmVyZ Mmoimdo.
* 12-15 {H$cmo ZÌ Am{U 25-30 {H$cmo ñ\w$aX `m à‘mUo amgm`[ZH$ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr. åhUOoM 75 {H$cmo S>rEnr
àVr hoŠQ>a à‘mUo noaUr H$aVm§Zm IV Úmdo.
* nrH$ 20-25 {Xdgm§Mo AgVm§§Zm n{hcr H$moinUr Am{U 30-35 {XdgmMo AgVm§Zm Xþgar H$moinUr H$amdr.
* noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 45 {Xdg nrH$ VU{dahrV R>odmdo.
* gwYmarV dmU
A. dmU àgmamMo {nH$mMm CËnmXZ d¡{eîQ>ço bmJdS>rMm
Z§. df© H$mbmdYr q¹$/ho. àXoe
({Xdg)
Hw$irW dmU
1 grZm 1984 115-120 7-8 {\$¸$Q> a§JmMo Vn[H$ar XmUo, {ndim npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´
{dfmUw amoJmg à[VH$maj‘
2 ‘mU 1986 100-105 6-7 JX© bmbga a§JmMo XmUo, C^Q> dmT npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>
3 \w$bo gH$g 2015 90-95 9-10 bdH$a nŠdVm, A{YH$ CËnmXZ, npíM_ _hmamï´>
Vm§~yg a§JmMo Q>nmoao XmUo
‘Q>H$s dmU
1 E‘~rEg 27 1989 125-130 6-7 Ho$dS>m amoJmg à[VH$maj‘ npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 73

amO‘m Am{U Mdir
* ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ `m {nH$mg `mo½` AgVo, nmUWi, MmonU, jma`wŠV O{‘ZrV `m
{nH$mMr cmJdS> Q>mimdr.
* CÝhmù`mV O{‘ZrMr Imoc Zm§JaQ> H$amdr.
* hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IV Úmdo. ‘¥JmMm nmD$g Pmë`mZ§Va Hw$idmÀ`m XmoZ nmù`m Úmì`mV.
* OyZÀ`m Xþgè`m n§YadmS>çmV noaUr `mo½` nmCg hmoVmM dm\$gm Amë`mda noaUr H$amdr.
* hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo à‘mU : Mdir 15 Vo 20 {H$cmo
amO‘m 110 Vo 120 {H$cmo
* noaUrMo A§Va : Mdir :- XmoZ AomirV 45 g|.‘r. d XmoZ amonmV 10 g|.‘r. R>odmdo.
amO‘m :- XmoZ AmoirV 30 g|.‘r. d XmoZ amonmV 15 g|.‘r. R>odmdo.
* ~rOà{H«$`m … 1 {H$cmo {~`mÊ`mg 2 J°«‘ Wmà‘ + 2 J«°‘ H$m~}ÝS>oPr‘ Mmoimdo. `mZ§Va 250 J«°‘ am`Pmo{~`‘
OrdmUwg§dY©Z 10 Vo 15 {H$cmo {~`mÊ`mg JwimÀ`m W§S> ÐmdUmVyZ Mmoimdo.
* Mdir : 25 {H$cmo ZÌ Am{U 50 {H$cmo ñ\w$aX `m à‘mUo amgm`{ZH$ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr, åhUOoM 125 {H$cmo S>rEnr
àVr hoŠQ>a à‘mUo noaUr H$aVm§Zm IV Úmdo.
* amO‘m : noaUr H$aVm§Zm 30 {H$cmo ZÌ Am{U 80 {H$cmo ñ\w$aX `m à‘mUo amgm`{ZH$ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr, åhUOoM 170
{H$cmo S>rEnr àVr hoŠQ>a à‘mUo noaUr H$aVmZm IV Úmdo `mZ§Va nrH$ 20 {Xdgm§Mo Pmë`mda ZÌmMm Xþgam hám 30 {H$cmo
åhUOoM 70 {H$cmo `war`m à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdm.
* nrH$ 20-25 {Xdgm§Mo AgVmZm n{hcr H$moinUr Am{U 30-35 {Xdgm§Mo AgVmZm Xþgar H$moinUr H$amdr.
* noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 45 {Xdg nrH$ VU{dahrV R>odmdo.
* gwYmarV dmU
A. dmU àgmamMo {nH$mMm CËnmXZ d¡{eîQ>ço bmJdS>rMm
Z§. df© H$mbmdYr q¹$/ho. àXoe
({Xdg)
Mdir dmU
1 H$moH$U gXm~hma 1996 60-65 12-15 $ bdH a V¶ma hmoUmam dmU, df©â ‘hmamîQ´>
(ìhr.gr.E‘.-8) bmJdS>rgmR>r ¶mo½¶, ‘Ü¶‘
AmH$mamMo XmUo
2 H$moH$U g\o$X 1999 70-75 14-16 > Q nmoao g\o$X XmUo ‘hmamîQ´>
3 ’w$bo n§T>ar 2007 70-75 14-16 > Vm§~S o ‘Ü¶‘ XmUo ‘hmamîQ´>
àm`mo.CËnÞ 18-20 nm§T>è`m a§JmMo _Ü`_ AH$mamMo ‘hmamîQ´>
4 \w$bo {dR>mB© 2015 70-75 gamgar 12.00 XmUo
amO‘m dmU
1 ‘wR>m 1992 65-70 18-20 bdH$a V¶ma hmoUmam dmU, Vm§~wg gmVmam, gm§Jbr,
(EMnrAma-35) Jwbm~r {R>n³¶m§Mo XmUo nwUo, H$moëhmnya
2 déU 2001 65-70 20-25 bdH$a V¶ma hmoUmam dmU, gmVmam gm§Jbr,
A{YH$ CËnmXZ nwUo, H$moëhmnya
74Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

JirV YmÝ` {nHo$
^wB©‘yJ
^wB©‘wJ ho Vob{~¶m dJu¶ {nH$m‘Ü¶o EH$ ‘hËdmMo {nH$ AgwZ IarnmV ¶m {nH$mImbr ‘hmamï´>mV 2.36 bmI ho joÌ
AgwZË¶mnmgwZ 2.57 bmI Q>Z CËnmXZ Am{U CËnmXH$Vm 1082 {¹§$/ho EdT>r {‘imbr. CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV ho {nH$ 0.824
bmI ho joÌmda KoVbo hmoVo d Ë¶mnmgyZ 1.196 bmI Q>Z CËnmXZ {‘imbo Am{U CËnmXH$Vm 1451 q¹$/ho Aer hmoVr.
O‘rZ
‘Ü¶‘, ^wg^werV, MwZm d g|{Ð` nXmW© `mo½` à‘mUmV Agbobr d nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr.
nyd© ‘emJV
EH$ Zm§JaQ> d XmoZ-VrZ Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
gwYm[aV dmU
A. dmU àH$ma h§Jm‘ n¹$ hmoÊ`mg gamgar {e\$mag
Z§. bmJUmam CËnmXZ
H$mbmdYr (q¹$/ h§o.)
({Xdg)
1 Eg.~r.-11 CnQ>r Iarn/CÝhmir 105-110 12-15 g§nyU© ‘hmamï>´>gmR>r
115-120 15-20
2 Oo.Eb.-24 CnQr Iarn 90-95 18-20 g§nyU© ‘hmamï>´mgmR>r
(’w$boàJVr)
3 Q>r.Ao.Or.-24 CnQ>r Iarn/CÝhmir 100-105 20-25 g§nyU© ‘hmamï>´mgmR>r
110-115 25-30
4 Oo.Eb. 220 CnQr Iarn 90-95 20-25 OmS> XmÊ`mMr,OiJm§d, Ywio,
(’w$bo ì`mg) AH$mobm {Oëøm§H$[aVm
5 Oo.Eb.-286 CnQ>r Iarn/CÝhmir 90-95 20-25 npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>mgmR>r d OiJm§d,
(’w$bo CZn) Ywio, AH$mobm {Oëøm§H$[aVm
6 Q>r.nr.Or.-41 CnQr aã~r/CÝhmir 125-130 25-30 OmS> XmÊ`mMr, npíM‘
‘hmamï´´>mgmR>r d OiJm§d, Ywwio,
AH$mobm {Oëøm§H$[aVm
7 Q>r.Or.-26 CnQ>rIarn/CÝhmir 95-100 15-16 g§nyU© ‘hmamï´´>mgmR>r
JirV YmÝ¶
110-115 25-30
8 Oo.Eb. 501 CnQ>r Iarn/CÝhmir 99-104 16-18 ‘.\w$.H¥$.{d. amhþar H$m`©joÌmVrb
110-115 30-32 gd© {Oëho
9 ’$wbo AmaEMAmaOr- 6021 {Z‘ngar CÝhmir 120-125 30-35 npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mgmR>r
10 ’w$bo CÝZVr CnQ>r Iarn/CÝhmir 110-115 20-25 g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>mgmR>r
120-125 30-35
11 Oo.Eb.776 (’w$bo ^maVr) CnQ>r Iarn 115-120 20-25 CÎma _hmamï´>mgmR>r
noaUrMr doi
Iarn - 15 OyZ Vo 15 Owb¡
CÝhmir - 15 OmZodmar Vo 15 \o$~«wdmar, noaUrMo doir amÌrMo {H$‘mZ Vmn‘mZ 18 A§e gopëgAg qH$dm Ë`mnojm OmñV Agmdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 75
{~`mUo - ^wB©‘yJmMo dmU{Zhm` {~`mUo à{V hoŠQ>ar Imbrbà‘mUo dmnamdo.
100 {H$bmo … Eg~r - 11, Q>rEOr - 24, Q>rOr - 26, OoEb-501, \w$bo-6021
120 Vo 125 {H$bmo… \w$bo àJVr, \w$bo ì`mg, Q>rnrOr-41, \w$bo CZn, \w$bo CÝZVr, \w$bo ^maVr
~rOàH«$s`m - {~`mÊ`mnmgyZ àmXw^m©d hmoUmè`m d amonmdñWoV òUmè`m amoJmnmgyZ {nH$mMo g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r noaUrnydu à{V
{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 5 J«°‘ Wmà‘ qH$dm 2 J«°‘ H$m~}ÝS>°{P‘ qH$dm 3 J«°‘ ‘°ÝH$moPo~ qH$dm 5 J«°‘ Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© O¡{dH$ ~waerZmeH$
Mmoimdo. Z§Va EH$ {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 25 J«°‘ am`Pmo~r`‘ Am{U 25 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdmUy g§dY©H$ Mmoimdo ~rOàH«$s`m
Ho$bobo {~`mUo gmdbrV gwH$dyZ noamdo.
noaUr A§Va - XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 30 g|.‘r. d XmoZ amonmVrb A§Va 10 g|.‘r.R>odmdo. CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV O‘rZ AmobdyZ Z§Va
dmnemda nm§ârZo AWdm Q>moH$U nÕVrZo noaUr H$amdr. Q>moH$U nÕVrZo noaUr Ho$ë`mg {~`mUo H$‘r bmJwZ CJdU Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
Am§Va{nHo$
Iarn ^wB©‘yJ {nH$mV gmo`m~rZ, gy`©\w$b, Vri, ‘yJ, CS>rX, Vya hr Am§VanrHo$ 6…2 `m à‘mUmV ^wB©‘yJ + Ádmar 1…1
Va H$nmer 1…1 `m à‘mUmV ¿`mdr. Am§Va{nH$m§‘wio A{YH$ Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm hmoV Agë`mMo à`moJmA§Vr {XgyZ Ambobo Amho.
^wB©‘yJ + gmo`m~rZ (4…1) Am{U H$S>oZo Ea§S>rMr bmJdS> (XmoZ Amoir) Ho$ë`mg nmZo ImUmar AirMo {Z`§ÌUmg ‘XV hmoVo.
gwé D$gmV CnQ>çm ^wB©‘wJ dmUmMr Am§Va{nH$ åhUyZ bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r 90 g|.‘r. A§Vamda gè`m nmSy>Z D$gmMr bmJdS>
Ho$ë`mZ§Va EH$ AmR>dS>çmZo 10 g|.‘r. A§Vamda garÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyg CÝhmir ^wB©‘wJmMr bmJdS> H$amdr.
IV ‘mÌm
nwd© ‘emJVrÀ`m doir eodQ>À`m Hw$idmÀ`m AJmoXa à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 JmS>çm H§$nmoñQ> qH$dm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV
O{‘ZrV {‘giyZ Úmdo. noaUrÀ`m doiog 25 {H$bmo ZÌ + 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Úmdo. IV ì¶dñWmnZ (gwYmarV {e’$maerZwgma
2013) ^wB©‘wJmÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r amgm¶{ZH$ IV ‘mÌo gmo~V {Oßg‘ 400 {H$/ho (200 {H$/ho noaUrdoir Va Cd©arV
200 {H$/ho Amè¶m gwQ>Vm§Zm) O{‘ZrV {‘giwZ Úmdo. _hmamï´>mVrb h_Img nmdgmÀ`m {d^mJmVrb (2015 Mr gwYmarV
{e\$mag) _Ü`_ H$mù`m O{_ZrV CÝhmir ^wB©_wJmÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ, nmÊ`mMm d IVm§Mm H$m`©j_ dmna VgMo A{YH$
\$m`ÚmgmR>r 5 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>a nwd© ‘emJVrÀ`m doir eodQ>À`m Hw$idmÀ`m AJmoXa Úmdo. {e\$mag IV_mÌoÀ`m 100
Q>¸o$ IVo (25…50…00 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme {H$bmo/ho.) {dÐmì` ñdê$nmV {R>~H$ qgMZmVwZ 9 g_mZ hßË`mV
Am§Va ‘emJV
noaUrZ§Va VwQ>mir AmT>iyZ Amë`mg ~r Q>moHy$Z Vo Vm~S>Vmo~ âmdoV. 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 2 Vo 3 H$moinÊ`m
H$amì`mV d 2 qZXÊ`m (IwanÊ`m) Úmì`m. eodQ>Mr H$moinUr WmoS>r Imob Úmdr Ë`m‘wio {nH$mg ‘mVrMr â {‘iVo.^wB©‘yJmÀ`m
Amè`m O{‘ZrV OmÊ`mg gwédmV Pmë`mda Am§Va‘emJV H$ê$ Zò. ^wB©‘wJmVrb H$m¶©j‘ VU ì¶dñWmnZmH$arVm noaUrZ§Va
bJoM n§oS>r{‘Wm°{bZ 1.00 {H$bmo {H«$.K. à{V ho³Q>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVwZ Amobrda ’$dmaUr H$amdr. VgoM noaUrZ§Va VUm§À¶m
~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r 20-25 {Xdgm§Zr naewQ> qH$dm Q>aJmgwna 750 {‘br ì¶mnmar CËnmXZ/ ho 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ Úmdo
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
Iarn ^wB©‘yJmg \w$bo òÊ`mMr AdñWm (noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 30 {Xdg), Amè`m gwQ>Ê`mMr AdñWm (40 Vo 45 {Xdg)
Am{U e|Jm nmogÊ`mMr AdñWm (65 Vo 70 {Xdg) `m AdñWm§‘Üò nmdgmZo VmU {Xë`mg g§a{jV nmÊ`mMr nmir Úmdr.
^wB©‘wJ noaUrZ§Va 4-5 {Xdgm§Zr EH$ nmUr (Am§~dUr) Úmdo, åhUOo amhrbobo {~`mUo CJdyZ òB©b. Z§Va O{‘ZrÀ`m
‘JXwamà‘mUo 8 Vo 10 {XdgmMo A§VamZo 10 Vo 12 doim nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV. Amè`m O{‘ZrV OmÊ`mÀ`m doir VgoM e|Jm
nmogÊ`mÀ`m H$mbmdYrV nmÊ`mMm VmU nSy> Xody Zò.nrH$ ~mînmonUm}ËgO©ZmÀ`m 80 Q>¸o$ nmUr {XdgmAmS> Úmdo (2015 Mr gwYmarV {e\$mag).
nrH$ g§ajU - {Q>¸$m d Vm§~oam amoJmMm àmXþ^md Pmë¶mg 25 J«°‘ ‘°ÝH$moPo~ (S>m¶WoZ E‘-45)+ 25 J«°‘ ~m{dñQ>rZ 10 {b.
nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmamdo.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ
nrH$ V`ma Pmbo åhUOo nmZo {ndir nSy> bmJVmV. e|JmMo Q>a\$b Q>UH$ ~ZVo d e|JmÀ`m Q>a\$bmMr AmVrb ~mOy H$mir
{Xgy bmJVo. Aem àH$mao nrH$ V`ma Pmë`mda H$mT>Ur H$amdr. darb V§ÌkmZmMm dmna Ho$ë`mg IarnmV gamgar 18 Vo 20
q¹$Q>b/hoŠQ>a Va CÝhmir ^wB©‘yJmMo 25 Vo 30 q¹$Q>b/hoŠQ>a CËnmXZ {‘iy eH$Vo.
76 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gmo`m~rZ
O‘rZ
‘Ü`‘ H$mir nmo`Q>çmMr, Mm§Jbr {ZMam hmoUmar.
nyd©‘emJV
EH$ Zm§JaQ>, XmoZ Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU
Oo. Eg. 335, E‘. E. gr. Eg. 1188, ’w$bo H$ë¶mUr (S>r. Eg. 228), Oo. Eg. 9305, Ho$ Eg. 103, ’$bo AJ«Ur
(Ho$S>rEg 344)
noaUr d bmJdS>rMo A§Va
noaUr IarnmV OwZÀ`m n{hë`m n§YadS>çmV dmnemda H$amdr. noaUr 45 go|.‘r. 05 go|.‘r.(^mar O‘rZ) qH$dm 30
go|.‘r. 10 g|.‘r. (‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ) A§Vamda H$amdr.
{~`mUo
gbJ noaUrgmR>r 75-80 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a Va Q>moH$U noaUrgmR>r 45-50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a {~`mUo dmnamdo.
~rOà{H«$`m
~waerOÝ` amoJm§nmgyZ g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg 2.5 J«°‘ H$m~}ÝS>oPr‘ qH$dm 5 J«°‘ Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© Mmoimdo.
VgoM ZÌ pñWarH$aUmgmR>r gmo¶m~rZ JQ>mMo am¶Pmo{~¶‘ 250 J«°‘ + ñ’w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy 250 J«°‘ à{V 10 {H$bmo
{~¶mÊ¶mg Mmoimdo.
Am§Va{nHo$
gmo`m~rZ + Vya (3…1) `m à‘mUmV ¿`mdo.
IV ‘mÌm
âIVo … Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoñQ> IV hoŠQ>ar 25 Vo 30 JmS>çm dmnamdo.
daIVo … gmo`m~rZ {nH$mg hoŠQ>ar 50 {H$bmo ZÌ Am{U 75 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX noaUrÀ`m doir Úmdo.
_hmamï´>mVrb _¡XmZr àXoemVrb _Ü`_ Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm, A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r OwZÀ`m
n{hë`m n§YadS>çmV noaUr Ho$boë`m gmo`m~rZ {nH$mH$[aVm 5 Q>Z eoU IVm~amo~a 50…75…45 {H$bmo ZÌ … ñ\w$aX … nmbme à{V
hoŠQ>ar `m gwYm[aV IV _mÌoMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
Am§Va‘emJV
VUm§À`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r noaUrÀ`m doir à{V hoŠQ>ar n|{S>‘oW°brZ 1.0 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo {H«$¶merb KQ>H$ 600 Vo 700 {bQ>a
nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o {‘giyZ O{‘Zrda ’$dmamdo. nrH$ CJdUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr EH$ H$moinUr d Z§Va IwanUr H$éZ eoV VU‘wº$
R>odmdo. AWdm nrH$ CJdUrZ§Va 21 {Xdgm§Zr à{V ho³Q>ar B‘m°{OW°na [H«$¶merb KQ>H$ 0.1 Vo 0.15 {H$bmo 500 Vo 600
{bQ>a nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o {‘giyZ VUm§da ’$dmamdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
{nH$mbm ’$m§Úm ’w$Q>VmZm (noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr), ’w$bmoè`mV AgVm§Zm (noaUrZ§Va 45 Vo 50 {Xdgm§Zr) nmdgmZo
VmU {Xë`mg nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 77

nrH$ g§ajU
‘hmamï´>mV gmo`m~rZ {nH$mg nmZo ImUmè`m Aù`m, ImoS> ‘mer `m {H$S>tMm d Vm§~oam `m amoJmMm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ òVmo.
ImoS>‘merMm àmXw^m©d Pmë`mg ~më`mdñWoV amonmMo EImXo nmZ H$S>oZo dmiy bmJVo Am{U Ë`mMr EImXr ’$m§Xr gwH$bobr
AmT>iVo. ~è`mMXm J«m{gV amonm§da O{‘ZrnmgyZ H$mhr A§Vamda {N>Ðohr AmT>iVmV Am{U Ë`m‘wio CËnmXZmV 15 Q>¸o$n`ªV
ZwH$gmZ g§^dVo.
nmZo ImUmar ñnmoS>moßQ>oam {H$S>rMr A§S>r g‘whmV KmVbr OmVmV. Aù`m gwadmVrg g‘whmZoM nmZmda Cn{O{dH$m H$aVmV.
`m AdñWoV nmZm§Mm nmnwÐm em~yV R>oD$Z Ho$di Ë`mVrb h[aVÐì` g§nwï>mV AmUVmV. Ë`m‘wio {hadr {XgUmar nmZo nm§T>aQ> nSy>Z
nmaXe©H$ hmoVmZm {XgVmV. {Vgar H$mV Q>mH$ë`mZ§Va Aù`m ñdV§Ì[aË`m Cn{O{dH$m H$aÊ`mgmR>r eoVâ ngaVmV. dmT>bobo
eara, dOZ d Ë`m‘wio dmT>bobr àM§S> ^wH$ `m‘wio Aù`m AmYmemgma»`m nmZmda VwQy>Z nS>VmV d e|JoVrb XmUohr ImD$
bmJVmV. {H$S>rÀ`m CnÐdmMm AmJmD$ A§XmO KoD$Z ZwH$gmZ Q>miÊ`mgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 5 ñnmoS>mobyaMm dmna H$aÊ`mV Ambobo
’o$amo‘Z gmnio {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r dmnamdoV. ‘w»` {nH$mMo H$S>oZo Ea§S>rMr EH$ Amoi gmnim nrH$ åhUyZ noê$Z ¿`mdr. `m {H$S>tÀ`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r A§S>r g‘whm§Mm VgoM g‘whmZo AmT>iUmè`m Aù`m§Mm doirM Zm`ZmQ> Ho$ë`mg amgm`{ZH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna
Q>miVm òVmo. Amdí`H$ dmQ>ë`mg Q´>m`Pmo\$m°g 40 B©.gr. 12 {_br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
amoJ
Vm§~oam `m ~waerOÝ` amoJm‘wio nmZm§da Vn{H$ar a§JmMo {R>nHo$ òVmV d nmZo Vn{H$ar nS>VmV. AmÐ©Vm`wº$ hdm‘mZ, dmam,
amonm§Mr OmñV g§»`m `m‘wio {nH$mV hdm IoiÊ`mMo H$‘r Pmbobo à‘mU `m ~m~r amoJmg Am‘§{ÌV H$aVmV. `m amoJmZo e|Jm
{ndiga Vn{H$ar nS>VmV. ~è`mMdoim AH$mbr nmZJi hmoVo. XmÊ`m§À`m dOZmV bjUr` KQ> hmoVo d hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ KQ>Vo.
Vm§~oam à^m{dV ^mJmV (gm§Jbr, H$moëhmnya d gmVmam) noaUr eŠ`Vmo 15 ‘o Vo 25 OwZÀ`m Xaå`mZ H$amdr. ’w$bo AJ«Ur
H$ë`mUr gma»`m `m amoJmg ~ir Z nS>Umè`m, OmVrMm dmna H$amdm. àmonrH$moZ°Pm°b qH$dm hoŠPmH$moZ°Pm°b `mn¡H$s EImXo
~waerZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr 1 {bQ>abm 1 {‘br `m à‘mUmV H$amdr. {nH$mÀ¶m AdñWoZwgma 1-2 ’$dmaÊ¶m 15 {XdgmMo A§VamZo
JaOoZwgma ¿¶mì¶mV
H$mTUr
gmo`m~rZÀ`m e|Jm§Mm a§J {ndiQ> Vm§~wg Pmë`mZ§Va, OmVrÀ`m n¹$VoÀ`m H$mbmdYrZwgma 90 Vo 110 {Xdgm§V H$mT>Ur
H$amdr. nrH$ H$mT>Urg Cera Pmë`mg e|J ’w$Q>Ê`mg gwê$dmV hmoVo.
CËnmXZ
gmo`m~rZ {nH$mMo CËnmXZ 20 Vo 25 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar {‘iVo.
gy`©\w$b
O‘rZ … gy`©\w$b bmJdS>rgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr. Amåb`wº$ Am{U nmUWi
O{‘ZrV ho nrH$ Mm§Jbo òV Zmhr.
nyd©‘emJV … O{‘ZrMr Imob Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z Ë`mZ§Va Hw$idmÀ`m Cä`m AmS>ì`m XmoZ Vo VrZ nmù`m Úmì`mV. eodQ>À`m
Hw$idmÀ`m nmirnydu hoŠQ>ar 20 Vo 25 JmS>çm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV Kmbmdo.
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - Owb¡ n[hbm n§YadS>m, aã~r - Am°ŠQ>mo~a n{hbm n§YadS>m Vo Zmoìh|~a n{hbm n§YadS>m
CÝhmir - \o$~«wdmar n{hbm n§YadS>m
78 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

noaUrMo A§Va … ‘Ü`‘ Vo Imob O‘rZ - 45 go§.‘r. 30 go§.‘r., ^mar O‘rZ - 60 go§.‘r. 30 go§.‘r. VgoM g§H$[aV
dmU Am{U OmñV H$mbmdYrÀ`m dmUmMr bmJdS> 60 go§.‘r. 30 go§.‘r. A§Vamda H$amdr.
noaUr nÕV … H$moaS>dmhÿ gw`©\y$bmMr noaUr XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo H$amdr åhUOo ~r Am{U IV EH$mM doir noaVm òVo.
{~`mUo 5 go.‘r. nojm OmñV Imob noê$ Zò. ~mJm`Vr {nH$mMr bmJdS> gar da§ã`mda Q>moH$U nÕVrZo H$amdr.
{~`mUo … gw`©\y$bmÀ`m noaUrgmR>r gwYm[aV dmUmMo 8-10 {H$bmo {~`mUo Am{U g§H$[aV dmUmMo 5 Vo 6 {H$bmo {~`mUo
à{V hoŠQ>ar dmnamdo.
~rOà{H«$`m … ‘a amoJmÀ`m à{V~§YmgmR>r 2 Vo 2.5 J«°‘ Wmà‘ qH$dm ~«m{gH$m°b à{V{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo. Ho$dS>m
amoJ Q>miÊ`mgmR>r 6 J«°‘ A°àm°Z 35 Eg. S>r. à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo. VgoM {dfmUyOÝ` (Z° H « $ m° { gg)
amoJmÀ`m à{V~§YmgmR>r B{‘S>°Šbmo{àS> 70 S>ãby. E. JmD$Mm 5 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg bmdmdo. Ë`mZ§Va
A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a ho {OdmUy IV 25 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu bmdmdo.
gy`©’w$b {nH$mMo dmU
dmUmMo Zmd H$mbmdYr CËnmXZ d¡{eîQ>ço
({Xdg) ({¹$./ho.)
gwYm[aV OmVr
\w$bo ^mñH$a 80-84 15-18 H$‘r H$mbmdYr, M_H$Xma H$mio^moa Q>nmoao XmUo VobmMo à_mUo
A{YH$ d _hmamï´>mÀ`m Adf©U ^mJmgmR>r àgmarV
Eg.Eg.56 80-85 10-11 H$‘r H$mbmdYr, C[eam noaUrg `mo½`, Xw~ma, Am§VanrH$ nÕVrg d
Adf©U àdU ^mJmg `mo½`.
‘m°S©oZ 80-85 8-10 H$‘r H$mbmdYr, ~wQ>H$s, C[eam noaUr, Xw~ma Am§VanrH$mg `mo½`
B©.gr.68414 100-110 10-12 A{YH$ CËnmXZj‘, C[eam noaUrg `mo½`, IarnmgmR>r Mm§Jbr
^mZy 85-90 12-13 gd© h§Jm‘mgmR>r VgoM Adf©UàdU {d^mJmgmR>r `mo½`
g§H$[aV dmU
Ho$.~r. 85-90 12-15 VobmMo à‘mU A{YH$, A{YH$ CËnmXZ
Eg.EM.1
Eb. Eg. E’$. 90 18-20 Ho$dS>m amoJmg à{V~§YH$, ‘hmamï´>, Am§Y«àXoe d H$Zm©Q>H$ amÁ¶mV
EM. 171 H$moaS>dmhÿ dm ~mJm¶Vr h§Jm‘mgmR>r
Eb. Eg. E’$. 80-85 16-18 Ho$dS>m amoJmg à{V~§YH$ VobmMo à‘mU A{YH$ (37 Q>¸o$)
EM. 35
Eb. Eg.E’$ 90 12-14 H$moaS>dmhÿ {d^mJmgmR>r, Ho$dS>m amoJmg à{V~§YH$
EM 08
Ho .~r. 90-95 14-16 A{YH$ CËnmXZ j‘Vm
Eg.EM.-44
’w$bo a{damO 90-95 17-20 n[íM‘ ‘hmamï´>mV Iarn h§Jm‘mV C[eam noaUrgmR>r àgmarV Ho$bobm
A{YH$ CËnmXZ XoUmam g§H$[aV dmU. ~S> ZoH«$m°grg amoJmg à[VH$maj‘
E‘.Eg.E’$. 90-95 18-20 Ho$dS>m amoJmg à{V~§YH$, ‘hmamï´>mV Iarn d a~r h§Jm‘mV H$moaS>dmhþ
EM.-17 d ~mJm¶Vr bmJdS>r H$[aVm {e’$mag Ho$br Amho.
Am§VanrH$ … Am§VanrH$ nÕVrV gw`©\y$b + Vya (2…1 qH$dm 2…2) Am{U ^yB©‘yJ + gw`©\y$b (6…2 qH$dm 3…1) `m
à‘mUmV AmoirZo noaUr Ho$ë`mg CËnmXZmV Mm§Jbr dmT> hmoVo.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … H$moaS>dmhÿ {nH$mg à{V hoŠQ>ar 2.5 Q>Z eoUIV VgoM 50 {H$bmo ZÌ, 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 25 {H$bmo
nmbme noaUrÀ`m doiog XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo noê$Z Úmdo. ~mJm`Vr {nH$mg à{V hoŠQ>ar 60 {H$bmo ZÌ
+ 60 {H$bmo ñ\y$aX + 60 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 30 {H$bmo ZÌ d g§nyU© ñ\w$aX
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 79

Am{U nmbme noaUrÀ`m doir Úmdo d Caboë`m 30 {H$bmo ZÌmMr ‘mÌm noaUrZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m AmV>
Úmdr. J§YH$mMr H$‘VaVm Agboë`m O{‘ZrgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo J§YH$> noaUrÀ`m doir Jm§Sy>i
IVmVyZ> Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV … noaUrZ§Va 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr XmoZ amonmVrb A§Va 30 g§o.‘r. R>oD$Z {daiUr H$amdr. noaUrZ§Va 15
{Xdgm§Zr EH$ IwanUr H$amdr VgoM XmoZ H$moinÊ`m H$amì`mV. n{hbr H$moinUr noaUrZ§Va 20
{Xdgm§Zr d Xwgar H$moinUr 35 Vo 40 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … gy`©\y$bmÀ`m {nH$mg g§doXZj‘ AdñWoV nmUr XoUo AË`§V JaOoMo Amho. gw`©\y$bmÀ`m g§doXZj‘
AdñWm
1. amon AdñWm 2. \w$bH$ir AdñWm 3. \w$bmoè`mMr AdñWm 4. XmUo âÊ`mMr AdñWm `m
g§doXZerb AdñWoV nmÊ`mMm VmU nSy> XoD$ Zò. \w$bH$ir AdñWm Vo XmUo âÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV
nmÊ`mMm VmU nS>ë`mg XmUo nmoH$i amhVmV d CËnmXZmV KQ> òVo.
nrH$ g§ajU … {dfmUyOÝ` amoJ hm ag emofUmè`m ’w$b{H$S>çm§‘m\©$V hmoVmo. Ë`m§À`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r B{‘S>moŠbmo{àS>
17.8 % Eg.Eb. 2 {‘br / 10 brQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV noaUrZ§Va 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo VrZ doim
\$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. Ho$gmi AirÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Aù`m§Mo nw§OHo$ doMyZ am°Ho$b {‘lrV nmÊ`mV
Q>mHy$Z Ë`m§Mm Zme H$amdm.
H$mT>Ur … gw`©\y$bmMr nmZo, XoR> d \y$bmMr ‘mJrb ~mOy {ndir Pmë`mZ§Va {nH$mMr H$mnUr H$amdr. H$Ugo
Mm§Jbr dmidyZ Z§Va ‘iUr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … H$moaS>dmhÿ {nH$mnmgyZ à{V hoŠQ>ar 8 Vo 10 q¹$Q>b, g§H$[aV dmUmnmgyZ 12 Vo 15 q¹$Q>b Am{U
~mJm`Vr / g§H$[aV dmUmnmgyZ à{V hoŠQ>ar 15 Vo 20 q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
{deof ~m~ … nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV AgVmZm gH$mir 7 Vo 11 `m doioV hmVmbm Vb‘ H$mnS> Jw§S>miyZ \w$bmÀ`m
V~H$mdê$Z hiydma hmV {\$admdm åhUOo H¥${Ì‘ namJr^dZ hmoD$Z XmUo âÊ`mMo à‘mU dmT>Vo.
gw`©’y$bmMo \w$b C‘bÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV d Ë`mZ§Va AmR> {Xdgm§Zr 2 J«°‘ ~moa°Šg à{V {bQ>a
nmUr `m à‘mUmV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio XmUo âÊ`mMo à‘mU d XmÊ`mMo dOZ dmT>Vo.
namJr^dZ hmoÊ`mgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 4-5 ‘Y‘mí`m§À`m noQ>çm R>odmdoV. gw`©\y$b {nH$mMr \o$anmbQ>
H$amdr. gw`©\y$bmMr ‘wio O{‘ZrV Imobda OmVmV. Xadfu Ë`mM O{‘ZrV dma§dma
ho nrH$ KoVë`mg O{‘ZrMm nmoV {~KSy>Z CËnmXZ j‘Vm H$‘r hmoVo. VgoM amoJ d {H$S>rMm
àmXy^m©d dmT>Vmo.Ë`mgmR>r H$‘rV H$‘r VrZ df} Var Ë`mM O{‘ZrV gw`©\y$bmMo nrH$ KoD$ Zò.
VgoM H$S>YmÝ` gw`©’y$b$qH$dm V¥UYmÝ` gy`©’y$b `m à‘mUo {nH$mMr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr. nrH$
\w$bmoè`mV AgVmZm {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$ê$ Zò. AJXrM Amdí`H$Vm Agob Va
{H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
H$aS>B©
O‘rZ
H$aS>B©À`m {nH$mg ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar (Imob) O‘rZ dmnamdr. 45 g|Q>r‘rQ>a nojm OmñV Imob O{‘ZrV nrH$ M§mJbo òVo.
Ë`mMà‘mUo O‘rZ nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar Agmdr. nmUr gmR>dyZ am{hë`mg H$aS>B©À`m {nH$mg Anm` hmoVmo.
WmoS>çm\$ma MmonU O{‘ZrVhr ho nrH$ òdy eH$Vo.
80 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nyd©‘emJV
^mar O{‘ZrV VrZ dfm©VyZ EH$Xm Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr d hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z eoUIV (eoVH$è`mH$S>o CnbãY Agë`mg) Q>mH$mdo. XmoZ
Vo VrZ Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m (Cä`m Am{U AmS>ì`m) XodyZ O‘rZ ^wg^yerV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU
A.H«$. gai dmU/ H$mbmdYr CËnmXZ {deof JwUY‘©
g§H$[aV dmU ({Xdg) (q¹$./ho.)
A) gai dmU …
1. ^r‘m 130-135 13-15 H$moaS>dmhÿ joÌmg `mo½`
2. ’w$bo-Hw$gw‘m 135-140 14-16 H$moaS>dmhÿ VgoM g§a{jV nmÊ`mImbr `mo½`
3. Eg.Eg.E’$.658 115-120 12-13 {~Ja H$mQ>oar A{Ib `mo½` ^maVr`

ñVamda bmJdS>rgmR>r
4. Eg.Eg.E’$. 708 115-120 H$moaS>dmhÿ 13-15, npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mV bmJdS>rgmR>r `mo½`

~mJm`Vr 20-22 H$moaS>dmhÿ VgoM ~mJm`Vr
5. ’w$bo H$aS>B©-733 120-125 13-15 H$moaS>dmhþ bmJdS>rgmR>r
6. ’w$bo M§Ð^mJm 130-140 H$moaS>dmhÿ 13-15 H$moaS>dmhÿ VgoM ~mJm¶Vr bmJdS>rgmR>r

(Eg.Eg. E’$. 748) ~mJm¶Vr 20-22
7. nr.~r.EZ.Eg.12 135-137 12-15 ‘amR>dmS>m {d^mJmg `mo½`
8. Zmar-6 130-135 10-12 {~Z H$mQ>çmMr, nmH$ù`m Jmoim H$aÊ`mg `mo½`

~) g§H$[aV dmU …
9. Zmar EZ.EM.-1 130-135 12-14 g§H$[aV dmU, {~Z H$aÊ`mg `mo½` H$mQ>oar,
noaUrMr doi
H$aS>B©Mr noaUr `mo½` doir H$aUo \$ma ‘hËdmMo Amho. bdH$a noaUr (gßQ>|~a n{hbm n§YadS>m) Ho$ë`mg {nH$mMo
nmZmdarb {R>nHo$ `m ~waerOÝ` amoJm‘wio \$ma ZwH$gmZ hmoVo Am{U n`m©`mZo CËnmXZmV KQ> òVo. `m CbQ> C[eam noaUr Ho$ë`mg
(Am°ŠQ>mo~aMm Xwgam AmR>dS>çmZ§Va) nrH$ dmT>rMr AdñWm W§S>rÀ`m H$mimV Amë`m‘wio ‘mì`mMm àmXw^m©d ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV
hmoVmo Am{U CËnmXZmV KQ> òVo. Ë`mgmR>r H$aS>B©Mr noaUr gßQ>|~aÀ`m Xwgè`m n§YadS>m Vo Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmn`ªV
H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. ~mJmB©V H$aS>B©Mr noaUr Am°ŠQ>mo~a AIoan`ªV H$amdr.
noaUrMo A§Va
H$moaS>dmhÿ joÌmV XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 45 g§o.‘r. Am{U XmoZ amonmVrb A§Va 20 go§.‘r. R>odmdo.
noaUr nÜXV
H$aS>B© `m Vob{~`m {nH$mMr noaUr XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 81

{~`mUo
à{V hoŠQ>ar 10 Vo 12 {H$bmo {~`mUo nwaogo hmoVo.
~rOà{H«$`m
Wmà‘ qH$dm H°$ßQ>Z qH$dm ~m{dñQ>rZ 2.5 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo åhUOo CJdUrZ§Va H$aS>B©Mo nrH$
~waerOÝ` amoJmg ~ir nS>Uma Zmhr VgoM A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a AWdm A°Pmoñnrarb‘ 250 J«°‘ A{YH$ nr.Eg.~r. 250 J«°‘ à{V
10 Vo 15 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg dmnaë`mg hdoVrb ZÌmMo pñWarH$aU hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
Am§VanrH$ nÜXV
gmobmnya òWrb A{Ib ^maVr` Vob{~`m H$aS>B© g§emoYZ àH$ënm§VJ©V Ho$boë`m g§emoYZmdéZ haâm + H$aS>B©
(6 : 3) Am{U Odg + H$aS>B© (4 : 2) `m A§mVanrH$ nÜXVr \$m`ÚmÀ`m Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo
H$aS>B© ho nrH$ amgm`{ZH$ IVmg Mm§Jbm à{VgmX XoVo. 50 {H$bmo ZÌ (110 {H$bmo `war`m) Am{U 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX
(156 {H$bmo qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>) à{V hoŠQ>ar XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hr IVo noaUrÀ`m doiog XmoZ MmS>çmÀ`m nmârZo noê$Z
ÚmdrV. ~mJm`Vr H$aS>B© {nH$mg 60 {H$bmo ZÌ + 30 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX à{VhoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV
CJdUrZ§Va 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr `m {nH$mMr {daiUr H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {daiUr H$aVmZm Mm§Jbr Omo‘Xma
amono R>odmdr. XmoZ amonm§‘Yrb A§Va 20 go.‘r. R>odmdo. aã~r h§Jm‘mV JaO Agë`mg EImXr IwanUr H$amdr. XmoZ Vo VrZ
H$moiß`mÀ`m nmù`m XoUo A{Ve` JaOoMo Amho. n{hbr H$moinUr 3 è`m AmR>dS>çmV \$Q>rÀ`m H$moiß`mZo, Xwgar H$moinUr
5 ì`m AmR>dS>çmV AI§S> nmgmÀ`m H$moiß`mZo d {Vgar H$moinUr 8 ì`m AmR>dS>çmV XmVoar H$moiß`mZo H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
H$aS>B© ho nrH$ Adf©U à{VH$maH$ Agë`m‘wio `m {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rg nmUr H$‘r bmJVo. ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O{‘ZrV nwaogm
Amobmdm Agë`mg H$aS>B©À`m {nH$mg noaUr Z§Va nmUr XoÊ`mMr JaO ^mgV Zmhr. H$mbm§VamZo Amobmdm H$‘r Pmbm Am{U
nmUr XoÊ`mMr gmo` Agob Va noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr O{‘Zrg VS>o OmÊ`mnydu EH$ g§a[jV nmUr XoUo A{YH$ Mm§Jbo.
Xwgao nmUr nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV òVmZm 55 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. [nH$mg nmÊ`mMm OmñV VmU nSy> XoD$ Zò. VgoM ôJm nS>ë`mZ§Va
nmUr {Xbo AgVm nmUr OmñV à‘mUmV O{‘ZrV ‘waVo. OmñV nmÊ`m‘wio nrH$ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ‘a amoJmg ~ir nS>Vo. åhUyZ
H$aS>B© {nH$mg hbHo$ nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU
H$aS>B© {nH$mg ‘w»`V: ‘mdm `m {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ òVmo H$aS>B©Mr noaUr gßQ>|~aÀ`m Xwgè`m n§YadS>çmV Ho$br
AgVm `m {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d ~amM H$‘r hmoVmo. `m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ‘mdm {XgyZ Amë`mZ§Va S>m`‘oWmoEQ> (amoJma) 30%
àdmhr 725 {‘.br. 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ à{V hoŠQ>ar ’$dmaUr H$amdr. gaH$moñnmoam d AëQ>aZoar`m `m ~waer‘wio
hmoUmè`m nmZmdarb {R>nŠ`mgmR>r ‘±H$moPo~ 75% nmÊ¶mV {daKiUmao qH$dm H$m°na Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> 1500 J«°‘ 500 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ à{V hoŠQ>ar \$dmamdo.
H$mT>Ur
gmYmaUnUo 130 Vo 135 {XdgmV H$aS>B©Mo nrH$ n³d$ hmoVo. nmZo d ~m|S>o {ndir nS>VmV. {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur gH$mir
H$amdr. hdoV AmÐ©Vm OmñV Agë`mZo XmUo JiV Zmhr d hmVmbm H$mQ>o Q>moMV ZmhrV. H$mnUrZ§Va PmS>§mMr H$S>no aMyZ noR>o
H$amdrV. Vo nyU© dmië`mZ§Va H$mR>rZo ~S>dyZ H$mT>mdo d Z§Va C\$UUr H$ê$Z ~r ñdÀN> H$amdo. H$mT>Ur JìhmÀ`m EH${ÌV
H$mT>Ur d ‘iUr `§ÌmZo H$amdr. `m `§ÌmZo H$mT>Ur AË`§V H$‘r IMm©V Am{U H$‘r doimV H$aVm òVo d Ë`mnmgyZ ñdÀN> ‘mb
{‘iVmo. H$aS>B© H$mT>UrgmR>r EH${ÌV H$mT>Ur d ‘iUr `§ÌmMm àmYmÝ`mZo dmna H$ê$Z IM© d doi dmMdVm òVmo.
CËnmXZ
‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV darb gwÌm§Mm Adb§~ H$éZ bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg à{V hoŠQ>ar 12 Vo 14 q¹$Q>b Am{U Imob O{‘ZrV
14 Vo 16 q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo. ~mJm`Vr {nH$mnmgyZ 20 Vo 25 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
82 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{deof ~m~
H$aS>B©À`m VobmV g§n¥º$ pñZ½Y AmåbmMo à‘mU BVa Vobmnojm ~aoM H$‘r Agë`mZo öX` amo½`m§Zm ho Vob dmnaUo Amamo½`mÀ`m
Ñï>rZo Cn`wº$ Amho. `m VobmÀ`m dmnam‘wio aº$mVrb H$moboñQ>oa°mbMr ‘mÌm à‘mUm~mhoa dmT>V Zmhr. d¡ÚH$ emómV
Am¡fYmonMma åhUyZ H$aS>B©À`m nmH$ù`m§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. ‘mZdr earamVrb aº$m{^gaUmÀ`m H$m`©j‘Voda H$aS>B©À`m
nmH$ù`mMm Bï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. aº$ dm[hÝ`m§‘Üò aº$ nwadR>m VgoM aº$m‘Üò àmUdm`y {‘giÊ`mMo à‘mU dmTy>Z aº$ dm{hÝ`mV
JwR>ù`m hmoÊ`mMo à‘mU H$‘r hmoVo. öXàmo½`m§À`m BbmOmV H$aS>B©nmH$ir`wº$ Am¡fYm§À`m dmnam‘wio aº$mVrb H$moboñQ>oam°bMo
à‘mU H$‘r hmoVo. ‘UŠ`mMo {dH$ma, ‘mZXwIr, nmR>XwIr BË`mXr§da Am`wd}XrH$ CnMmamV H$aS>B© nmH$ù`m BVa Am¡fYmgmo~V
dmnaë`mg Amam‘ {‘iVmo. H$aS>B© nmH$ù`m§Mm XaamoO H$mT>m H$mTy>Z {në`mg darb amoJmnmgyZ ~è`mM à‘mUmV \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
H$aS>B©Mr \w$bo C‘bÊ`mg gwédmV hmoVmM gm`H$mo{gb `m dmT> à{VamoYH$mMr 1000 nr.nr. E‘. {Vd«VoÀ`m (1000 {‘br.
500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV) `m ÐmdUmMr \$dmaUr Ho$ë`mg CËnmXZmV 15 Vo 20 Q>¸o$ dmT> Pmë`mMo à`moJmA§Vr {XgyZ Ambobo Amho.
Vri
‘hmamï´>m‘Ü¶o Iarn h§Jm‘mV ¶m {nH$mImbr 52600 ho³Q>a joÌ hmoVo Ë¶mnmgwZ 18900 Q>Z BVHo$ CËnmXZ {‘imbo d
CËnmXH$Vm 360 {H$bmo à{V ho³Q>ar hmoVr. aã~r h§Jm‘mV ho {nH$ 2900 ho³Q>a joÌmda hmoVo d Ë¶mnmgwZ 800 Q>Z CËnmXZ
{‘imbo. Va 285 {H$bmo/ho³Q>a BVH$s CËnmXH$Vm hmoVr. {Vi ho {nH$ 85-90 {XdgmV (H$‘r H$mbmdYrV) ¶oV Agë¶mZo
Xþ~a {nH$ nÕVrgmR>r ¶mo½¶ Amho.
O‘rZ
Vri `m {nH$mg ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam Agbobr O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr.
nyd© ‘emJV
EH$ Zm§JaUr H$ê$Z 2 Vo 3 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m XodyZ O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$amdr. Ë`mZ§Va ‘¢X {\$adyZ O‘rZ gnmQ> H$amdr
d Xm~yZ ¿`mdr. `m‘wio noaUr Mm§Jbr hmodyZ CJdUgwÕm Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
A. OmV H$mbmdYr CËnmXZ à‘wI d¡[eï>ò
Z. ({Xdg) ([H$.J°«/ho.)
1 \w$bo Vri Z§. 1 90-95 500-600 nm§T>am Q>nmoam XmUm, AY© aã~r h§Jm‘ gmoS>yZ g§nyU©
‘hmamï>´mgmR>r {e\$mag
2 Vmnr 80-85 600-700 nm§T>am XmUm, ImÝXoe d ‘amR>dmS>çmVrb OmbZm d
(Oo.Eb.Q>r. 7) Am¡a§Jm~mX {OëømVrb joÌ
3 nX²‘m 72-78 650-750 {\$¸$Q> Vn[H$ar XmÊ`mMm a§J, bdH$a òUmar d Xw~ma nrH$
(Oo.Eb.Q>r. 26) bmJdS>rg `mo½` OiJmd, Ywio, ~wbT>mUm d AH$mobm [OëømVrb
{VirMo joÌ
4 Oo.Eb.Q>r. 408 81-85 750-800 nm§T>am Q>nmoam XmUm, ‘Ü`‘ H$mbmdYrV A[YH$ CËnmXZj‘, VobmMo
à‘mU OmñV, h‘Img nmD$g nS>Umè`m ImÝXoe d bJVÀ`m
{dX^©, ‘amR>dmS>m [d^mJmVrb joÌmH$arVm Iarn h§Jm‘mgmR>r
~rOà{H«$`m
{~`mÊ`mnmgyZ d O{‘Zr‘YyZ CX²^dUmao ~waerOÝ` amoJ hmody Zò åhUyZ Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© 4 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg
Mmoimdo Ë`mZ§Va 25 J«°‘ A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a à{V {H$bmo {~`mUo `m à‘mUmV bmdmdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 83

noaUrMr doi
‘mÝgyZMm nmD$g Pmë`mda Am{U `mo½` dm\$gm Amë`mda OyZÀ`m Xwgè`m AmR>dS>çmnmgyZ Owb¡À`m n{hë`m
AmR>dS>çmn`ªV.
noaUrMo Am§Va
45 g|.‘r.x10 g|.‘r. qH$dm 30 g|.‘r. x 15 g|.‘r. A§Vamda AZwH«$‘o 45 go§.‘r. qH$dm 30 go§.‘r. A§VamÀ`m nmârZo noaUr
H$amdr. nmârZo noaUr H$aVm§Zm {~`mÊ`mV {~`mUm EdT>oM ~marH$ dmiy AWdm MmiyZ KoVbobo eoUIV {‘gimdo. Ë`m‘wio
{~`mÊ`mMo {dVaU à‘mUera hmoVo. noaUr 2.5 go§.‘r. nojm OmñV Imobrda H$ê$ Zò.
Am§Va {nHo$
Vri {nH$m§V Vri + Vwa `m {nH$m§Mr 3…1 qH$dm 4…2 `m à_mUmV Va Vri + Ádmar 3…1 `m à_mUmV noaUr H$amdr.
{~`mUo
noaUrgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 2.5 Vo 3 {H$bmo (EH$ar 1 {H$bmo) {~`mUo dmnamdo.
Ma H$mT>Uo
^mar O{‘ZrV 12 AmoirZ§Va bJoM (~r PmH$Ê`mnydu) XmoZ AmoitÀ`m‘Üò (\$Q>rV) ~iram‘ Zm§JamMo ghmæ`mZo Ma
H$mT>mdoV. `m‘wio nS>boë`m nmdgmMo nmUr O{‘ZrV ‘waob. VgoM A{V[aº$ nmUr ~mhoa {ZKyZ OmÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b. ‘waboë`m
nmÊ`mMm nmdgmÀ`m VmUmMo doir {nH$mg \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
{deof ~m~
A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r 2 Q>¸o$ ¶war¶mMr ’$dmaUr {nH$ ’w$bmoè¶mV Am{U ~m|S>o dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWoV AgVm§Zm H$amdr.
{daiUr
noaUrZ§Va VrZ AmR>dS>çm§À`m AmV {daiUr H$amdr. 30 g|.‘r. A§VamÀ`m nm§ârZo noaUr Ho$br Agë`mg XmoZ amonm§Vrb
A§Va 15 go|.‘r. qH$dm 45 go|.‘r. A§VamÀ`m nm§ârZo noaUr Ho$br Agë`mg XmoZ amonmVrb A§Va 10 go§.‘r. amhrb Aem ~oVmZo
{daiUr H$amdr OoUo H$ê$Z amonm§Mr g§»`m hoŠQ>ar 2.22 bmI amhrb.
IVo
nyd© ‘emJVrÀ`m doir eodQ>À`m Hw$idmÀ`m AJmoXa à{V hoŠQ>ar 5 Q>Z Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV {‘gimdo qH$dm hoŠQ>ar
EH$ Q>Z (EH$ar 4 q¹$Q>b) Ea§S>r qH$dm qZ~moir n|S> noaUr ~amo~a Úmdr. Am{YH$ 25 {H$bmo ZÌ à{V hoŠQ>a noaUrÀ`m doir d
25 {H$bmo ZÌ à{V hoŠQ>a noaUrZ§Va VrZ AmR>dS>çm§Zr noê$Z Úmdo. gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§Mr O{‘ZrV H$‘VaVm Agë`mg
noaUrÀ`mdoir20 {H$bmo J§YH$ à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV
amon AdñWoV nrH$ hiy dmT>V Agë`mZo VUm~amo~a AÞÐì` d Amobmì`mgmR>r ñnYm© H$ê$ eH$V Zgë`mZo noaUrZ§Va 30
{Xdgm§Zr XmoZ {Z§XUr d H$moinUr H$amdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
nmZo Jw§S>miUmar Air / nmZo ImUmar Air / VwS>VwS>o `m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25% àdmhr 1000 {‘br,
50% H$m~m©arb nmdS>a 2 {H$bmo à{V 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. nmZmdarb {R>nHo$ (AëQ>aZmar`m /
gañH$moñnmoam) d AUyOrd H$anm amoJmMm àmXw^m©d AmT>ië`mg ‘°ÝH$moPo~ 75% 1.25 {H$bmo + ñQ´>oßQ>mogm`ŠbrZ 50 J«°‘ qH$dm
H$m°na Am°pŠgŠbmoam°B©S> 1.25 {H$bmo + ñQ´>oßQ>mogm`ŠbrZ 50 J«°‘ à{V 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr.
H$mTUr
gmYmaUnUo 75% nmZmMm d ImoS>mMm a§J {ndiga hmoVmo Voìhm nrH$ H$mT>Urg `mo½` Pmbo Ago g‘Omdo. gmYmaU 80
Vo 95 {XdgmV nrH$ H$mT>Urg òVo. H$mT>Ur bdH$a Ho$ë`mg ~m|S>mVrb Vri nmoMQ> d ~marH$ amhþZ CËnmXZmV KQ> òVo, H$mT>Ur
C{eam Ho$ë`mg ~m|S>o \w$Qy>Z Vri eoVmV JiyZ nS>Vo åhUyZ doioda H$mT>Ur H$amdr.
CËnmXZ
nmdgmMo {dVaU Mm§Jbo Agë`mg gmYmaUV… ho³Q>ar 6 Vo 7 q¹$Q>b {Oam`VmImbr CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
84 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Xþæ¶‘ VobdJu¶ {nHo$
A. Vnerb Ea§S>r Odg _mohar
Z.
1. O_rZ nmZWi qH$dm {dåb`wŠV O_rZ _Ü`_ Vo ^mar Amobmdm _Ü`_ Vo ^mar
gmoSy>Z gd© àH$maÀ`m O{_ZrV {Q>H$dyZ R>odUmar Mm§Jë`m
KoVm òVo {ZMè`mMr
2. nyd©_emJV 1 Zm§JaQ> d 2-3 Hw$idmÀ`m 1 Zm§JaQ> d 2-3 3 dfm©VyZ EH$Xm Zm§JaQ>,
nmù`m Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m 2 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m
3. noaUrMr doi OyZ Vo 15 Owb¡ n`ªV nmdgmÀ`m Am°ŠQ>mo~aMm 1 bm Am°ŠQ>mo~aMm 1bm n§YadS>m
~oVmda bmJdS> H$amdr n§YadS>m
4. noaUrMo A§Va 90 45 ({JarOm d ìhr. 45 10 qH$dm 45 15
(g|._r.) Am`-9 gmR>r), 60 30 30 35
(Aê$UmgmR>r)
5. hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 12-15 ({JarOm d ìhr. 8-10 5
({H$bmo) Am`-9 gmR>r), 20-20
(Aê$UmgmR>r)
6. IVo ({H$./ho) 60…00…0 (ImÝXoe {d^mJmgmR>r) H$moaS>dmhÿ…25…50…0 ~mJm`Vr 50…25…0
ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d 60…40…0 (gmVmam, gm§Jbr, g§nyU© IV noaUrMo doir (AY} ZÌ d g§nyU©
nmbme XoÊ`mMr nwUo, gmobmnya, ZJa {OëømgmR>r) noê$Z Úmdo. ~mJm`Vr … ñ\w$aX noaUrÀ`m doir d
doi AY} ZÌ d g§nyU© ñ\w$aX noaUrMo 60…30…0 (30…30…0 Cabobo AY} ZÌ 30 Vo 35
doiog noê$Z Úmdo d Cabobo ZÌ noaUrÀ`m doir d Cabobo {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo)
40 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr 30 {H$. ZÌ noaUrZ§Va H$moaS>dmhÿ … 40…20…0
40-45 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo) g§nyU© noaUrÀ`m doir Úmdo.
7. {deof _m{hVr - Am§Va{nHo$ … Odg + noaUr H$aVmZm dmiy {_giUo
haâm (4…2) Am§Va{nH$ … Jhÿ + _mohar
Odg + H$aS>B© (4…2) (4…2 qH$dm 6…2)
Odg + _mohar (5…1) ‘mohar {nH$mgmR>r Amo{bVmMr
gmo¶ Agë¶mg n{hbo nmUr
50-55 {Xdgm§Zr (e|Jm
bmJVmZm) d Xÿgao nmUr
70-75 {Xdgm§Zr (XmUo
âVmZm Úmdo.
8. hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ 10 Vo 15 5-7 ~mJm`Vr … 12-15
(q¹$$./ho) H$moaS>dmhÿ … 8-10
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 85

ZJXr {nHo$
D$g
gZ 2014-15 _Üò ^maVmVrb D$g {nH$mImbrb EHw$U joÌmÀ`m (50.32 bmI ho.) 20.96 Q>¸o$ joÌ (10.55
bmI ho.) _hmamï´> amÁ`mV hmoVo. XoemVrb EHw$U D$g CËnmXZmÀ`m (3565.60 bmI Q>Z) 26.09 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZ (930.41 bmI
Q>Z) _hmamï´> amÁ`mV Pmbo hmoVo. amÁ`mMr Xa hoŠQ>ar CËnmXH$Vm (88 Q>Z/ho.) hr amîQ´>r` CËnmXH$Vonojm (70.85 Q>Z/ho.) OmñV
hmoVr. amÁ`mMm gamgar gmIa CVmam 11.30 Q>ŠHo$$ hmoVm. hr amï´>r` gamgar gmIa CVm-`mnojm (9.26 Q>ŠHo$) OmñV hmoVr.
bmJdS>rMo h§Jm_
gwé- 15 {S>g|~a Vo 15 \o$~«wdmar, nyd©h§Jm_r- 15 Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo 15 Zmoìho§~a, AmS>gmbr-15 Owb¡ Vo 15 Am°JñQ> Ago
D$g bmJdS>rMo h§Jm_ D$g CËnmXH$Vm d gmIa CVm-`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo `mo½` AmhoV.
dmUm§Mr {ZdS>
_hmamï´> emgZmZo _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar A§VJ©V _Ü`dVu D$g g§emoYZ H|$Ð, nmS>oJm§d Am{U dg§VXmXm
gmIa g§ñWm (ìhr.Eg.Am`.), nwUo `m§À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ AmVmn`ªV A{YH$ D$g CËnmXZ d Mm§Jbm gmIa CVmam AgUmè`m AZoH$
OmVr àgmarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV. VWm[n gÜ`m H$mo.86032 ({Zam), H$mo 94012 (\w$bo gm{dÌr), H$mo.E_.0265 (\w$bo 265),
H$mo.92005, H$mo.gr.671 (dg§V-1) ìhr.Eg.Am`. 434 Am{U H$mo.ìhr.Eg.Am`. 9805 (eaX-1) `m _moR>çm à_mUmV
bmJdS>rImbr AgUmè`m OmVr§Mr àm_w»`mZo {ZdS> H$amdr.
VŠVm H«. 1 … CgmÀ`m àgm[aV OmVtMr g§{já _m{hVr
A. dmU n¹$Vm h§Jm_ gamgar D$g gamgar gmIa d¡{eîQ>ço
Z§. JQ> CËnmXZ CËnmXZ
(_o.Q>Z/ho.) (_o.Q>Z/ho.)
1 H$mo.8014(_hmbú_r) bdH$a gwé 98 14.11 JwimgmR>r CÎm_
nyd©h§Jm_ 135 19.48
2 H$mo.gr.671 (dg§V-1) bdH$a gwé 105 15.33 A{YH$ gmIa CVmam
nyd©h§Jm_ 111 16.09
3 H$mo.86032 ({Zam) _Ü`_ gwé 106 14.44 A{YH$ CËnmXH$Vm, {VÝhr
C{eam nyd©h§Jm_ 139 19.71 h§Jm_ bmJdS>rgmR>r
AmS>gmbr 159 22.42 `mo½` d CÎm_ ImoS>dm
4 H$mo.94012 (\w$bo gm{dÌr) bdH$a gwé 128 19.74 A{YH$ gmIa CVmam
nyd©h§Jm_ 139 20.07
5 H$mo.E_.0265 (\w$bo 265) _Ü`_ gwé 150 20.31 A{YH$ CËnmXH$Vm, CËV‘
C{eam nyd©h§Jm_ 164 22.57 ImoS>dm d jmanS>
AmS>gmbr 200 26.82 O{_ZrgmR>r `mo½`
6 H$mo.92005 _Ü`_ gwé 129 18.29 JwimgmR>r CÎm_ H$moëhmnya
C{eam ^mJmgmR>r `mo½`
7 H$mo.ìhr.Eg.Am`. 9805 _Ü`_ gwé 124 19.15 A{YH$ gmIa CVmam
(eaX-1) C{eam nyd©h§Jm_ 139 20.57
AmS>gmbr 161 24.53
8 ìhr.Eg.Am`. 434 bdH$a gwé 124.2 19.12 A{YH$ gmIa CVmam
nyd©h§Jm_ 130.7 20.56
nyd©h§Jm_ 151 21.53
O_rZ
CgmgmR>r _Ü`_ Vo ^mar O{_ZrMr {ZdS> H$amdr. C^r AmS>dr Zm§JaQ>, Hw$idUr B. _emJV H$éZ O_rZ Mm§Jbr
^wg^werV H$amdr.
bmJdS>
D$gmMr bmJdS> H$aVmZm _Ü`_ O{_ZrgmR>r XmoZ gè`mVrb A§Va 100 Vo 120 g|._r. d ^mar O{_ZrgmR>r 120 Vo
86Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

150 g|._r. R>odyZ garMr bm§~r CVmamZwgma 20 Vo 40 _rQ>a R>odmdr. nÅ>m nÜXVrZo bmJdS> H$amd`mMr Agë`mg _Ü`_
O{_ZrgmR>r 75-150 go._r. d ^mar O{_ZrgmR>r 90-180 go._r. nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$amdm. CgmMr bmJdS> EH$ S>moim qH$dm
XmoZ S>moi`m§Mr {Q>nar dmnéZ H$amdr. EH$ S>moim nÜXVrZo bmJU H$amd`mMr Agë`mg XmoZ S>moi`mVrb A§Va 30 g|._r. R>odmdo.
eŠ`Vmo H$moaS>çm nÜXVrZo bmJU H$amdr. S>moim daÀ`m ~mOyg R>odyZ _mVrZo PmHy$Z nmÊmr Úmdo qH$dm D$g bmJUrnydu garV hbHo$go
nmUr gmoS>mdo d dmnemda H$mobr KoD$Z bmJU H$amdr. XmoZ S>moi`m§Mr {Q>nar dmnamd`mMr Agë`mg XmoZ {Q>n-`m§_Yrb A§Va 15
Vo 20 g|._r. R>odmdo. `mgmR>r Amoë`m nÜXVrZo bmJU Ho$br Var MmbVo. _mÌ {Q>nar Imob Xm~br OmUma ZmhrV `mMr H$miOr
¿`mdr. bmJUrgmR>r EH$ar 10,000 {Q>nar ^mar O{_ZrgmR>r d _Ü`_ O{_ZrgmR>r 12,000 {Q>nar bmJVmV.
EH$ S>moim amonm§nmnmgyZ D$g bmJdS>
H$mhr gmIa H$maImZo, H$mhr g§emoYZ H|$Ðo Am{U H$mhr ImOJr amondmQ>rH$m§_YyZ AmVm CgmMr amono {dH«$sg CnbãY
AmhoV. ßb°pñQ>H$ Q´>o_Üò H$moH$monrQ >dmnéZ V`ma Ho$bobr D$g amono gmYmaU 30 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Mr Pmë`mda bmJdS>r `mo½` hmoVmV.
`mgmR>r 9 Vo 10 _{hZo d`mMo Mm§Jë`m ~oUo_i`mVrb ewÜX, {ZamoJr ~oUo amono V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdo. D$g ~oUo bmJUrnydu
100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30% àdmhr 265 {_.br. Am{U 100 J«°_ H$m~}ÝS>°Pr_Mr 10 {_ZrQ>m§gmR>r ~oUo à{H«$`m
Ho$ë`mZ§Va {OdmUy§Mr ~rO à{H«$`m H$amdr. `m_wio CgmMr CJdU Mm§Jbr hmoD$Z gwê$dmVrÀ`m H$mimV D$gmbm amoJ {H$S>tnmgyZ
g§ajU {_iob. A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>a Am{U ñ\w$aX {daKi{dÊmmao OrdmUy IVm§Mo à_mU AZwH«$_o 10 {H$bmo Am{U 1.25 {H$bmo àVr 100
{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV D$gmÀ`m {Q>n-`m 30 {_ZrQ>o ~wS>dyZ bmJU H$amdr. `m_wio ZÌm_Üò 50% Va
ñ\w$aXmÀ`m _mÌoV 25 % ~MV hmoVo. EH$ _{hÝ`mÀ`m amonm§Zm gwú_ AÞÐì`m§Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr. CgmMr amono 30-45 {Xdg
H$moH$monrQ>_Üò dmT>{dbobr AgVmV. Ë`m_wio AmnUmg ewÜX {ZamoJr D$g amono {ZdSy>Z KoVm òVmV. OmVrd§V CËH¥$ð> amono bmJdS>rg
dmnaë`mZo eoVmV gd©Ì EH$gmaIo CgmMo nrH$ dmT>Vo, EH$ar D$gmMr g§»`m 40 Vo 50 hOma {_iVo. D$g bmoiÊ`mMo à_mU H$_r
amhÿZ CgmMo gamgar dOZ 2 Vo 3 {H$bmon`ªV {_iVo. amon bmJU nÜXVrV Zoh_rÀ`m bmJUrg 30-45 {Xdgm§n`ªV
OmonmgÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmao nmUr, VU{Z`§ÌU, IVo, XoIaoI `m_Üò ~MV hmoVo. nmdgmZo AmoT> {Xë`m_wio doioda bmJU H$aVm òV
Zmhr Aem doir nmD$g EH$ Vo {XS> _{hZm bm§~bm Var CgmMr amono bmJU H$éZ h§Jm_ gmYVm òVmo. H$mhr doiog AJmoXaMo nrH$
H$mT>Urg Cera hmoVmo qH$dm OmñV nmdgmZo dmngm Zgë`mZo doioda bmJU H$aVm òV Zmhr Aem doiog D$g amono bmJU H$éZ
doioda h§Jm_ gmYVm òVmo. D$gmÀ`m XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va d amonmVrb A§Va `mdê$Z EH$ar bmJUm-`m D$g amonm§Mr g§»`m H$mT>Vm
òVo.
VŠVm H«$.2 … CgmÀ`m XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va d EH$ar bmJUmar D$g amono
amonmVrb EH$ar bmJUmar D$g
A.Z§. XmoZ garVrb A§Va
A§Va amono
1. 120 g§o_r. 2 \y$Q> 5,550
2. 150 g§o_r. 2 \y$Q> 4,450
3. 180 g|_r. 2 \y$Q> 3,700
4. 240 go_r. 2 \y$Q> 2,780
5. OmoS> Amoi 75 go‘r.-150 g|‘r. 2 \y$Q> 5,930
6. OmoS> Amoi 90 g|‘r. -180 g|‘r. 2 \y$Q> 4,970
Am§Va{nHo$
AmS>gmbr Cgm_Üò ^yB©_yJ, Mdir, gmo`m~rZ,^mOrnmbm Va nyd©h§Jm_r Cgm_Üò ~Q>mQ>m, haâm, H$m§Xm, bgyU,
nmZH$mo~r, \w$bH$mo~r, dmQ>mUm Am{U gwé D$gm_Üò CÝhmir ^wB©_yJ, haâm, H$m§Xm, H$mH$S>r, Q>a~wO, H$qbJS>, nmZH$mo~r,
ZJXr {nHo$
\w$bH$mo~r, ZdbH$mob, _oWr, H$moWt~ra BË`mXr {nHo$ Am§V>a{nH$ åhUyZ KoVm òVmV.
D$g ~oÊom Am{U à{H«$`m
~oUo _i`mV dmT>{dbobo 09 Vo 11 _{hZo d`mMo {ZamoJr, agaerV Am{U AZwdm§{eH$ÑîQ>çm ewÜX ~oUo dmnaë`mg D$g
CËnmXZmV 15 Vo 20 Q>ŠHo$ dmT> hmoVo. D$g ~oUo bmJUrnydu 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV + 100 J«°_ H$m~}ÝS>°{P_Mr (~mdrñQ>rZ ) 10
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 87

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nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV D$gmÀ`m {Q>n-`m 30 {_ZrQ>o ~wS>dyZ Z§Va bmJU H$amdr. `m_wio ZÌIVm_Üò 50% Mr
Va ñ\w$aXIVm_Üò 25 % Mr ~MV H$aVm òVo.
EH$mpË_H$ IV ì`dñWmnZ
amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm Ag§Vw{bV dmna Pmë`m_wio O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm d CËnmXH$Vm H$_r Pmbr Amho.`mgmR>r g|Ðr`,
O¡{dH$ Am{U amgm`{ZH$ Aer EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZmMr JaO Amho.
go§{Ð` IVo
gwé, nyd©h§Jm_r d AmS>gmbr CgmgmR>r àVr hoŠQ>ar AZwH«$_o 20 (40 JmS>çm),25 (50 JmS>çm) d 30 (60 JmS>çm)
Q>Z eoUIV AWdm nmMQ>mMo H§$nmoï> >IV àVr hoŠQ>ar 7.5 Q>Z (15 JmS>çm), àog_S> H§$nmoñQ> àVr hoŠQ>ar 6 Q>Z (12 JmS>çm) Am{U
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åhUyZ dmna H$amdm.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo
VŠVm H«$.3 … A) h§Jm_{Zhm` IV_mÌm XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$ ({H$bmo àVr hoŠQ>a)
>A. IV_mÌm XoÊ`mMr AmS>gmbr nyd© h§Jm_r gwé

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ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
(`w[a`m) (qg.gw.\$m°) (å`w.Am°.nmo.) (`w[a`m) (qg.gw.\$m°) (å`w.Am°.nmo.) (`w[a`m) (qg.gw.\$m°) (å`w.Am°.nmo.)
1 bmJUrÀ`m doir 40 85 85 34 85 85 25 60 60
(87) (531) (142) (74) (531) (142) (54) (375) (100)
2 bmJUrZ§Va 6 Vo 8 160 -- -- 136 -- -- 100 -- --
AmR>dS>>`m§Zr (347) (295) (217)
3 bmJUrZ§Va 12 Vo 40 -- -- 34 -- -- 25 -- --
16 AmR>dS>>`m§Zr (87) (74) (54)
4 _moR>`m ~m§YUrÀ`m 160 85 85 136 85 85 100 55 55
doir (347) (531) (142) (295) (531) (142) (217) (344) (92)
EHy$U 400 170 170 340 170 170 250 115 115
(868) (1062) (284) (738) (1062) (284) (542) (719) (192)
EHy$U H$mo. 86032 500 200 200 400 170 170 300 140 140
*
gmR>r (1085) (1250) (334) (868) (1062) (334) (651) (875) (234)
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50 % Va ñ\w$aXmMr _mÌm 25 % H$_r H$ê$Z Úmì`mV.
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Úmì`mV.
VŠVm H«$.3 … ~) nmMQ> R>odyZ KoVboë`m ImoS>dm$ CgmgmR>r nhmarÀ`m ghmæ`mZo IVo XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$ ({H$bmo/hoŠQ>a)
A.Z. IV_mÌm H$mo.86032 BVa OmVrgmR>r
XoÊ`mMr doi ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
(`w[a`m) (qg.gw.\$m°) (å`w.Am°.nmo.) (`w[a`m) (qg.gw.\$m°) (å`w.Am°.nmo.)
1 15{Xdgm§Mo 150 70 70 125 58 58
AmV (325) (437) (117) (271) (363) (97)
2 135 150 70 70 125 57 57
{Xdgm§Zr (325) (437) (117) (271) (356) (95)
3 EHy$U 300 140 140 250 115 115
(650) (874) (234) (542) (719) (192)
88 H¥${fXe©Zr 2016
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~m§YUrn`ªV Xa AmR>dS>`mÀ`m A§VamZo g_mZ 20 hßË`mV qH$dm Xa n§Yam {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo g_mZ 10 hßË`m§V ZÌIVmMr _mÌm
{d^mJyZ {Xë`mg CgmÀ`m CËnmXZmV ârd dmT> hmoVo. nma§nm[aH$ ñ\w$aX`wŠV d nmbme`wŠV IVo Zoh_rà_mUo XmoZ g_mZ hßË`mV
D$g bmJUrMo doir d _moR>`m ~m§YÊmrMo doir O{_ZrVyZ ÚmdrV.
{R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ {dÐmì` IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
{dÐmì` IVo {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ Imbrbà_mUo {Xë`mg IV_mÌo_Üò 25 % ~MV hmoVo.
VŠVm H«$.3 … H$) {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ {dÐmì` IVo XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$ ({H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a)
ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
A.Z§ AmR>dS>o
({H$bmo/ho.) ({H$bmo/ho.) ({H$bmo/ho.)
1 1 Vo 4 30 9 9
2 5 Vo 9 70 32 14
3 10 Vo 20 100 51 32
4 21 Vo 26 -- -- 37
EHw$U 200 92 92
gwé CgmgmR>r _Ü`_ Imob, H$mù`m O{_ZrV gwé D$gmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ, nmÊ`mMm d IVm§Mm H$m`©j_ dmna Am{U
Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r 80 % {dÐmì` IVo d[ab VŠË`mZwgma Xa AmR>dS>çmg EH$ `mà_mUo 26 hßË`mV {R>~H$ qgMZmVwZ Úmdo.
VgoM {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao 100 % ~mînnUmo©ËgO©Zm EdT>o nmUr EH$ {XdgmAmS> Úmdo.
gwú_ AÞÐìò
_mVr narjUmÀ`m AmYmao gwú_ AÞÐì`m§À`m H$_VaVoZwgma 25 {H$bmo \o$ag gë\o$Q>, 20 {H$bmo qPH$ gë\o$Q, 10
{H$bmo _§°Jo{ZO gë\o$Q> Am{U 5 {H$bmo ~moa°Šg àVr hoŠQ>ar Mm§Jë`m Hw$Oboë`m eoUIVmV (10:1 ) 2-3 {Xdg _wadwZ gar_Üò
Mir KodyZ _mVrAmS> H$amdo. ñ\w$aX`wŠV IVm§gmR>r eŠ`Vmo qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q>Mm dmna H$amdm. Ë`m_wio J§YH$ `m Xþæ`_
AÞÐì`mMr doJir _mÌm Úmdr bmJUma Zmhr.
D$gmMr bmJU Am{U gbJ XmoZ ImoS>ì`mMo A{YH$ D$g d gmIa CËnmXZ KoÊ`mgmR>r hoŠQar 400 {H$bmo {gbrH°$mZ
XoÊ`mgmR>r ~°J°g A°e (1.5 Q>Z / hoŠQ>a) qH$dm H°$ber`_ {gbrHo$Q> (832 {H$bmo / hoŠQ>a) À`m _mÜ`_mVyZ D$g bmJdUrÀ`m
doiog EH$XmM Úmdm.
Am§Va_emJV
nrH$ 4 _{hÝ`mMo hmoB©n`ªV 2-3 IwanÊ`m H$amì`mV d XmVoar H$moiß`mZo 2-3 H$moinÊ`m H$amì`m qH$dm VUm§Mm
~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r D$g bmJUrZ§Va 3-4 {Xdgm§Zr O_rZ dm\$í`mda AgVmZm 5 {H$bmo A°Q´>°PrZ(A°Q´>°Q>mn) qH$dm _oQ´>rã`wPrZ
(g|H$m°a) 1.25 {H$bmo àVr hoŠQ>ar 1000 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {daKiyZ g§nyU© O{_Zrda \$dmamdo. VUm§Mo à_mU OmñV Agë`mg D$g
bmJUrZ§Va 2 _{hÝ`m§Zr 2-4-S>r (jma) 1.25 {H$bmo àVr hoŠQ>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {daKiyZ VUm§da \$dmamdo qH$dm 60
{Xdgm§Zr H$moinUr H$amdr AWdm D$g bmJUrZ§Va 3-4 {Xdgm§Zr _oQ´>rã`wPrZ(g|H$m°a) dmnéZ 45 {Xdgm§Zr 5 Q>Z nmMQ>mMo
AmÀN>mXZ H$amdo.D$g CJdë`mZ§Va hair,bìhmim `mgmaIr ~hþdfu` VUo AmT>ië`mg ½ë`m`\$mogoQ> 2.5 {H$bmo {H«$`merb
KQ>H$ 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ àVr hoŠQ>ar H$miOrnyd©H$ \$º$ VUm§daM \$dmamdo.`mgmR>r S>ãë`w.E\$.EZ-40( V AmH$mamMm) ZmoPb
dmnamdm d ZmoPbda ßb°ñQ>rH$ hþS> ~gdmdo.
nmMQ>mMm dmna Ho$bm Zgob Va ImoS>dm {nH$mVrb VU{Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r ImoS>dm CJdyZ Amë`mZ§Va (4 AmR>dS>çm§Zr)
½bm`\$mogoQ> 2.5 {H$bmo {H«$`merb KQ>H$ 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ àVr hoŠQar VUm§daM \$dmaUr H$amdr. AWdm _oQ´>rã`wPrZ
(go§H$m°a) 1.25 {H$bmo à{V ho. 1000 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ VUm§da \$dmaUr H$amdr.
D$g bmJdS>rZ§Va 16 Vo 20 AmR>dS>`m§Zr amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr _mÌm XoD$Z nhmarÀ`m Am¡OmamZo da§~o \$moSy>Z Am§Va
_emJV H$amdr d gm`Z Hw$id [aOaZo _moR>r ~m§YUr H$amdr. nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r gè`m da§~o Xþê$ñV H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV. AWdm _oQ´>rã`wPrZ
(g|ÝH$m°a) 1.25 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar 1000 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {daKidyZ VUm§da \$dmaUr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 89

_moR>r ~m§YUr
D$g bmJdS>rZ§Va 16 Vo 20 AmR>dS>`m§Zr amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr _mÌm XoD$Z nhmarÀ`m Am¡OmamZo da§~o \$moSy>Z Am§Va
_emJV H$amdr d gm`Z Hw$id [aOaZo _moR>r ~m§YUr H$amdr.nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r gè`m da§~o XwéñV H$éZ ¿`mdoV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
AmS>gmbr, nyd©h§Jm_r, gwé d ImoS>dm CgmgmR>r AZwH«$_o 340 Vo 350, 300 Vo 325, 250 Vo 275 d 225 Vo 250
hoŠQ>a go._r. nmÊ`mMr JaO AgVo. _moR>`m ~m§YUrn`©V gd©gmYmaUnUo nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m 8 g|._r. ImobrÀ`m Úmì`mV. Ë`mZ§Va
10 g|._r. ImobrÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV. h§Jm_mZwgma CÝhmi`mV 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr, nmdgmi`mV 14 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr d {hdmi`mV
18 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
A.Z§ D$g dmT>rMr AdñWm H$mbmdYr (_{hZo) EH$m nmirg Úmd`mMo
gwé nwd©h§Jm_r AmS>gmbr nmUr (hoŠQ>a g|._r)
1 CJdU 1.5 Vo 2 1.5 Vo 2 1.5 Vo 2 6
2 \w$Q>dm 2 Vo 4 2 Vo 4 2 Vo 4 8 Vo 10
3 nwd© dmT> > 4 Vo 6 4 Vo 6 4 Vo 6 8 Vo 10
4 Omo_Xma dmT> 6 Vo 10 6 Vo 12 6 Vo 14 10 Vo 12
5 nŠdVm 10 Vo 12 12 Vo 14 14 Vo 16 7 Vo 8
D$g CJdU AdñWo_Üò gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV da§~m ~wS>on`ªV nmUr XoD$ Zò. `mdoir Cgmbm OmñV nmUr {Xë`mg
ZÌ`wº$ IVo dm`m OmVmV. H$_r nmÊ`m_wio O{_ZrVrb nmUr d hdm `m§Mm g_Vmob amIbm OmVmo. _wimMr dmT> d H$m`©j_Vm `mo½`
amhVo.
A.Z§. _{hZo gamgar ~mînr^dZ .doJ {nH$ {nH$mg nmÊ`mMr JaO qgMZ g§M XaamoO Mmb{dÊ`mMm H$mbmdYr
(_r._r.) dmT> ({bQ>a/{Xdg) (4 brQ>aMm S´>rna)
JwUm§H$ Vmg {_ZrQ>o
1 OmZodmar 4.07 0.6 2.24 0 34
2 \o$~«wdmar 5.49 0.65 3.27 0 49
3 _mM© 7.33 0.9 6.06 1 31
4 Eàrb 8.73 0.9 7.21 1 48
5 _o 9.24 1.1 9.33 2 20
6 OwZ 5.62 1.1 5.68 1 25
7 Owb¡ 4.1 1.15 4.33 1 5
8 Am°JñQ> 3.77 1.15 3.98 1 0
9 gßQ>o~a 4.37 1.15 4.61 1 9
10 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 4.49 1 4.12 1 2
11 Zmoìh|~a 4.1 0.85 3.20 0 48
12 {S>g|~a 3.63 0.65 2.17 0 33
ImoS>dm ì`dñWmnZ
JminmgmR>r n¹$ D$g {nH$mMr O{_ZrbJV VmoS>Ur H$amdr, ~wS>Io _moH$io H$éZ nmMQ> garV bmoQ>mdo. daVr amhrbobo
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{nH$mg nmUr Úmdo. dmngm Amë`mZ§Va 50 Q>ŠHo$ amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mr {e\$ma{eV _mÌm (gwú_ AÞÐì`m§gh) nhmarÀ`m ghmæ`mZo
~oQ>mnmgyZ AYm© \w$Q> A§Vamda, AYm© \w$Q> Imobrda d XmoZ IS²>S>`m_Yrb A§Va 1 \w$Q> R>odyZ garÀ`m ~mOyZo D$g VwQ>ë`mda 15
{Xdgm§Mo AmV Úmdr Am{U Cd©[aV 50 Q>ŠHo$ _mÌm `mM nÜXVrZo na§Vw garÀ`m {déÜX ~mOyZo 135 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
D$gmdarb _hËdmMo amoJ
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~oÊ`mìXmao (Mm~wH $H$mUr, JdVmi dmT> d bmbHw$O), hdoìXmao (nmo¸$m ~moB§©J, Vm§~oam d nmZmdarb {R>nHo$), O{_ZrVyZ (AZZg
90Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

amoJ, _a d bmb Hw$O)d {H$S>r§ìXmao (_moP°H$ d JdVmi dmT>) BË`mXr amoJm§Mm g_mdoe hmoVmo. H$m~}ÝS>°{P_À`m 0.1 Q>¸o$ (100 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV 100 J«°_) ~oUo à{H«$ò_wio CgmVrb H$mUr amoJmMm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoVmo. D$g {nH$mÀ`m _w»` dmT>rMm H$mi åhUOo 3-7
_{hÝ`mÀ`m Cgm_Üò _mÝgwZnwd© nS>bobm dird nmD$g d _mÝgyZ_wio dmT>boë`m hdoVrb AmÐ©Vm_wio nmo¸$m ~mo§B§©J hm amoJ nmZmda
_moR>çm à_mUmV {XgwZ òVmo.nmZmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ^mJmV gwadmVrg {\$¸$Q {hadQ>, {ndiga,nm§T>aQ> nÅ>o AWdm {R>nHo$ {XgVmV Aem
nmZm§Mm AmH$ma ~XbVmo, bm§~r H$_r hmoVo d ImoS>mH$S>rb ^mJ Aé§X hmoCZ nmZo EH$_oH$m§V Jw§\$br OmVmV Ë`m_wio Vr nyU©nUo
CKS>br OmV ZmhrV. Cgmda nmo¸$m ~moB§©J d e|S>m Hw$O amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d {XgwZ Amë`mda {Z`Ì§UmgmR>r 10 J«°_ H$m~}ÝS>°{P_ à{V 10
{bQ>a nmÊ`m_Üò {_giyZ 10-15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 3 \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. nmZ§mda hdoìXmao àgmarV hmoUmam D$g {nH$mdarb
Vm§~oam hm _hËdmMm amoJ Amho. gwadmVrg ~waerMr bmJU nmZmÀ`m XmoÝhr~mOyg hmoD$Z nmZmda bhmZ, bm§~Q> AmH$mamMo {ndio
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J«°_ /{bQ>a nmUr) \$dmamdo. JdVmi dmT> hm \$m`Q>moßbmñ_m `m A{Vgwú_ OrdmUy_wio hmoUmam amoJ Amho. CgmÀ`m ~oQ>m_YyZ Ag§»`
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nm`m^wV {~`mUo gd© H$maImÝ`m§Zm nwa{dbo nm{hOo.
* eoVH$è`m§Zr bo~b Šbo_ nmhÿZ ~waerZmeH$mMm dmna H$amdm.
D$gmdarb _hËdmÀ`m {H$S>r
_hmamï´>mV Cgmda ImoS> H$sS, H$m§S>r H$sS>, hþ_Ur, nm§T>mam bmoH$ar _mdm, {nR>çm T>oHw$U, nmH$moir (nm`[abm), nm§T>ar
_mer Am{U dmidr `m {H$S>tMm àmXþ©^md H$mhr ^mJmV H$_r A{YH$ à_mUmV {XgyZ òVmo.
Cgm_Üò ImoS> {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ Amë`mg EH$ar XmoZ \w$bo Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©Mr 10 Vo 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo
Amdí`H$VoZwgma 2 Vo 3 àgmaUo H$amdrV. ImoS>{H$S>rÀ`m à^mdr {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Šbmoa°ZQ´>°{Zbràmob 18.5% Eg.gr.3-4 {_.br.
à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ AWdm Šbmoa°ZQ´>°{Zbràmob 0.4% XmUoXma 18.75 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a AWdm Šbmoamonmàr\$m°g 20%
B©.gr. 12 Vo 15 {_.br.à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ AWdm gm`na_oW«rZ 10 % B©.gr. 12-15 {_br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr AWdm
{\$àmo{Zb 0.3 % XmUoXma 2.5 Vo 3.3 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a AWdm {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25 % B©.gr. 20 {_.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ
dmnamdo. hþ_UrÀ`m(hmobmoQ´>°{H$`m) {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r didmMm n{hbm nmD$g Pmë`mZ§Va qZ~,~m^wi d ~moa `m PmS>mdarb ^w§Joao àH$me
H§${Xb d am°Ho$bMm dmna H$éZ gm_wXm{`H$[aË`m amÌrMo doir Jmoim H$éZ ZîQ> H$amdoV VgoM \$moaoQ> 10% XmUoXma 25 {H$bmo à{V
hoŠQ>ar dmnamdo. H$m§S>r {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r EH$ar XmoZ \w$bo Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©g² _moR>`m ~m§YUrZ§Va Xa 15 {Xdgm§Zr D$g VmoS>Urnydu
EH$ _{hÝ`mn`§©§V bmdmdrV. nm|½`mVrb {nR>`m T>oHy$Z `m {H$S>rÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g 36 % àdmhr 15 {_br 10
{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. _moZmoH«$moQ>mo\$m°g ho Am¡fY ^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r à{V~§YrV Agë`mZo CgmV ^mOrnmë`mMo
Am§VanrH$ Agë`mg `mMm dmna Q>mimdm. bmoH$ar _mì`mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$moZmo~mW«m, _m`H«$mo_g, {S>\$m Aem {_Ì {H$Q>H$m§Mo
g§dY©Z H$amdo. gXarb Am¡fYo dmnaVm§Zm bo~b Šbo_ Agë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
D$g VmoS>Ur
CgmMr VmoS>Ur h§Jm_{Zhm` d n¹$Vm nmhÿZ H$amdr.VmoS>Urnydu {nH$mMo nmUr 15 {Xdg ~§X H$amdo.VmoS>bobm D$g
Vm~S>Vmo~ JirVmg nmR>dmdm. gwê$ 12 Vo 13 _{hZo,nyd©ô§Jm_r 14 Vo 15 _{hZo Am{U AmS>gmbr 16 Vo 18 _{hÝ`mV D$g VmoS>Ur
H$amdr.
_hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo D$g {nH$mg§X^m©V gZ 2011 Vo 2015 `m dfm©V Ho$boë`m {e\$maer
 Adf©U àdU {d^mJmVrb 1.00 hoŠQ>a ~mJm`V O{_Z AgUmè`m eoVH$è`m§Zm emídV CËnmXZmgmR>r _\w$H¥${d, amhþar
A§VJ©V _Ü`dVu D$g g§emoYZ H|$Ð, nmS>oJmd `m§Zr {dH$grV Ho$bobr EH$mpË_H$ eoVr nÜXVrVrb {nH$ CËnmXZ 0.60 hoŠQ>a
ZJXr {nHo$ (gmo`m~rZ, nyd©h§Jm_r D$g + ~Q>mQ>m), 0.25 hoŠQ>a h§Jm_r {nHo$(gmo`m~rZ, _wJ, H$m§Xm, ~mOam,aã~r
Ádmar,Jhÿ,haâm Am{U Mdir),0.14 hoŠQ>a Mmam {nHo$ (h§Jm_r Mmam {nHo$ Ádmar, _H$m 0.04 hoŠQ>a d ~hþdmfuH$ JdV
0.10 hoŠQ>a) Am{U Jm` nmbZmgmR>r (0.01 hoŠQ>a) `m KQ>H$m§Mm Am§V©^md Agboë`m nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$aÊ`mMr
{e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2011)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 91

 D$g ~oUo _ù`mnmgwZ XmoZ S>moio {Q>nar ~oÊ`mÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 50 Q>Z eoUIV, 600
{H$bmo ZÌ, 230 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme IV _mÌoMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2011)
Vº$m H«$.5 … D$g {~`mUo _ù`mgmR>r amgm`{ZH$ IVo XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$
 npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb _Ü`_ Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrV nyd© h§Jm_r CgmÀ`m (dmU - H$mo.86032) Am{U gmIaoÀ`m A{YH$
CËnmXZmgmR>r Am{U ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme IVm§Mm A{YH$ H$m`©j_ dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r 100 Q>¸o$ {e\$maerV IV _mÌm
(hoŠQ>ar 725 {H$bmo `war`m, 370 {H$bmo S>r.E.nr. Am{U 285 {H$bmo å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e `m IVm§nmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m)
{~«Ho$Q> _m\©$V nhmarÀ`m ghmæ`mZo 50 Q>¸o$ IVmMr _mÌm bmJdS>rÀ`mdoir garÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm Am{U Cd©arV 50 Q>¸o
bmJdS>rZ§Va 135 {Xdgm§Zr garÀ`m Xþgè`m ~mOybm 30 g|._r. A§Vamda 10 g|._r. Imob IÈ>o KoD$Z H$m§S>rnmgyZ 10 g|._r.
A§Vamda XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2011)
 nyd©h§Jm_r CgmÀ`m bmJU Am{U ImoS>dm {nH$mÀ`m D$g d gmIaoÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r VgoM O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm
{Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r {e\$maerV IV _mÌoÀ`m 25 Q>¸o$ g|Ðr` IVm§Ûmao Am{U 75 Q>¸o$ amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Ûmao {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV
Amho. `mH$arVm D$g bmJdS>rAJmoXa VmJ noê$Z JmS>mdm, ~oUo àH«$sògmR>r àVr hoŠQ>ar 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 5 {H$bmo EH$ÌrV
{OdmUy IVo (APmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, APmopñnarb_, A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a Am{U nr.Eg.~r. àËòH$s 1.25 {H$bmo) {_gimdrV Am{U
300:128:128 {H$bmo ZÌ : ñ\w$aX : nmbme àVr hoŠQ>ar ZdrZ bmJdS>rgmR>r Úmdm Am{U ImoS>ì`mgmR>r OmJoda
{e\$maerZwgma nmMQ> (7.5 Q>Z / ho.) Hw$OdyZ, 5 {H$bmo EH$ÌrV {OdmUy IVm§Mm O{_Zr_Üò dmna H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br
Amho. (2011)
 gwê$ D$gm_Üò dobdJu` VUm§À`m ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r _oQ´>rã`wPrZ àVr hoŠQ>ar 1.25 {H$bmo ({H«$`merb KQ>H$) CJdUrnydu
Am{U 2-4, S>r `m VUZmeH$mMr àVr hoŠQ>ar 1 {H$bmo `m à_mUmV D$g bmJdS>rZ§Va 75 {Xdgm§Zr \$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr
 n{íM_ _hmamï´>mVrb _Ü`_ Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrV ImoS>dm D$gmMo Am{U gmIaoMo A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Am{U IVm§Mm
A{YH$ H$m`©j_ dmnamgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar 187:87:87 {H$bmo ZÌ,ñ\w$aX d nmbme hr IV_mÌm `war`m, S>r.E.nr Am{U å`waoQ>
Am°\$ nmoQ>°e `m IVm§nmgwZ V`ma Ho$boë`m {~«Ho$Q>_m\©$V Imbrb _wX²>Úm§Mo AmYmao XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2012)
 50% IV_mÌm {~«Ho$Q>À`m ñdê$nmV ImoS>dm R>odÊ`mÀ`m doiog garÀ`m EH$m ~mOybm Am{U Cd©arV IV_mÌm ImoS>dm
R>odë`mZ§Va 135 {Xdgm§Zr garÀ`m Xwg-`m ~mOyg Úmdr.
{~«Ho$Q> nhmarÀ`m ghmæ`mZo ~wS>»`mnmgyZ 10 g|._r. A§Vamda, 10 g|._r. Imob IÈ>o KoD$Z, XmoZ IS²>S>`m§_Üò 30g|._r.
A§Va R>odyZ Úmdo.
92Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

 D$g {nH$mda òUmè`m nmo¸$m ~m|J amoJmÀ`m à^mdr {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r, amoJmMm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ Amë`mZ§Va 0.30 % _±H$moPo~ `m
~waerZmeH$mÀ`m VrZ \$dmaÊ`m ~mam {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo KoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2012)
 npíM_ _hmamï´>mV nwd©h§Jm_r D$g bmJdS> A{YH$ {H$\$m`Vera hmoÊ`mgmR>r D$g bmJdS>rZ§Va ha^-`mMr Am§Va{nH$ åhUyZ
da§ã`mÀ`m _mÏ`mda Q>moH$U $nÜXVrZo bmJdS H$aÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2013)
 nyd©h§Jm_r d ImoS>dm D$g {nH$mÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmìXmao {e\$maerV ZÌ,ñ\y$aX
Am{U nmbme IVmÀ`m 70 Q>¸o$ _mÌm AZwH«$_o `war`m, \$mñ\$moarH$ A°{gS> (61 Q>¸o$ ñ\w$aX) Am{U å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e `mìXmao
bmJdS>rnmgwZ ghm _{hÝ`m§n`ªV Xa 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo 13 g_mZ hßË`mV XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2013)
 {dÚmnrR>mZo {dH${gV Ho$boë`m ""ImoS>dm ì`dñWmnZ'' `m gwYmarV V§ÌkmZmMr AZ{^ÞVm ~hþVm§e D$g CËnmXH$m§H$S>o
AmT>ië`mZo Ë`mMm àË`j Adb§~ XoIrb A{Ve` H$_r à_mUmV {XgyZ Ambobm Amho. Ë`m_wio _hmamï´>mVrb nmUr Q>§MmB©À`m
n[añWrVrV ImoS>dm D$g CËnmXZmV ârd dmT> hmoÊ`mH$arVm, {dÚmnrR>mZo {dH${gV Ho$boë`m O{_ZrVrb Amobmdm
{Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r gwYmarV nmMQ> ì`dñWmnZ,O{_ZrbJV N>mQ>boë`m ~wS>»`m§Mo ì`dñWmnZ, nhmarZo IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ Am{U
EH$ S>moim nÜX²VrZo amonmìXmao {nH$mVrb Zm§Jo âUo `m ImoS>dm CgmVrb {H$_mZ _emJVrÀ`m gwYmarV V§ÌkmZmMm àgma _moR>çm
à_mUmda hmoÊ`mgmR>r,amÁ` emgZmZo {dÚmnrR>m_m\©$V {Oëhmdma àmË`{jHo$ d à{ejU XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho.
(2013)
 npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb _Ü`_ Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrV nyd©h§Jm_r D$gmMo (\w$bo 265) à{V hoŠQ>ar 200 Q>Z Ano{jV
CËnmXZmH$arVm 20 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar _mÌo~amo~a CËnmXZ C{Ôï> g_rH$aUmZwgma ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme AÞÐì` _mÌm§Mr
eoUIVmgmo~V Ano{jV CËnmXZ g_rH$aU (à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV)
(4.03 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (1.43 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho) - (3.81 eoUIV Q>Z/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho =
(1.23 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (2.44 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho) - (1.83 eoUIV Q>Z/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho =
(2.26 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (0.55 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho) - (1.40 eoUIV Q>Z/ho)
eoUIVmgmo~V Ano{jV CËnmXZ g_rH$aU
(4.21 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (1.49 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ZÌ, {H$/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo ñ\w$aX Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho =
(1.39 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (2.75 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY ñ\w$aX, {H$/ho)
IVm_YwZ Úmd`mMo nmbme Am°ŠgmB©S> {H$/ho =
(2.26 Ano{jV CËnmXZ, Q>Z/ho) - (0.58 O{_ZrVrb CnbãY nmbme, {H$/ho)
 CgmÀ`m XO}Xma ~oÊ`mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r Am{U 25 % ZÌ Am{U 25 % ñ\w$aX `m AÞÐì`m§À`m ~MVrgmR>r
Imbrbà_mUo O¡{dH$ IV dmnamMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2015)
 ~oUo_im bmJdS>rnydu CgmMo ~oUo hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>a + 1.25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy 100 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV 30 {_{ZQ>o ~wS>dmdo AWdm _mJrb dfu A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>aMr ~oUoà{H«$`m H$ê$Z bmJdS>
Ho$boë`m CgmMo ~oUo dmnamdo.
 `m ~oUo_ù`mg hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 450 {H$bmo ZÌ, 172 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme `m AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna
H$amdm.
 gwé CgmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ KoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r VgoM 50 % ZÌ Am{U 25 % ñ\w$aX `m
AÞÐì`m§À`m ~MVrgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo O¡{dH$ IV dmnamMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2015)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 93

 bmJdS>rnydu CgmMo ~oUo hoŠQ>ar 10 {H$bmo A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>a AWdm 1 {bQ>a Ðdén A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>a + 1.25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX
{daKi{dUmao OrdmUy 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m ÐmdUmV 30 {_{ZQ>o ~wS>dmdo qH$dm
 bmJdS>rnydu ~oUoà{H«$`m Ho$br Zgob Va bmJdS>rZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§Zr hoŠQ>ar 1 {bQ>a Ðdén A°goQ>mo~°ŠQ>a OrdmUyMr 500
{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ gH$miÀ`m doiog \$dmaUr H$amdr Am{U 1.25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy 100 {H$bmo
H§$nmoñQ> IVmV {_giyZ gar_YyZ Úmdo.
 `m CgmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 125 {H$bmo ZÌ, 86 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme `m AÞÐì`m§Mm dmna
H$amdm.
 CgmÀ`m dmUm_Yrb Mm~yH$ H$mUr amoJ à{VH$maj_Vog H$maUr^yV {dH$am§Mr A§J^yV d OrdmUy§À`m gm{ZÜ`mVrb {H«$`m{ebVm
VgoM EZ Ho$ Eg-11 `m {MÝhm§{H$V OZwH$mMm dmna CgmÀ`m Mm~yH$ H$mUr amoJà{VH$maH$ dmUm§Mr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r {e\$mag
Ho$br Amho. (2015)
 D$gmVrb EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZ V§ÌkmZmÀ`m Aä`mgm_Üò Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo H$s, D$g {nH$mV {gbrH$m°Z, g§`wº$
OrdmUy IVo, ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy, `w[a`m_Üò qZ~moir n|S>, gyú_ AÞÐìò Am{U nmMQ> Hw$O{dUmao OrdmUy `m§À`m
dmnam~m~V eoVH$-`m§Mo kmZ d Adb§~Z A{V Aën Amho. Ë`mH$arVm amÁ`mÀ`m H¥${f {d^mJmZo gmIa H$maImÝ`m§À`m
ghH$m`m©Zo D$g CËnmXH$m§Mr kmZ nmVir dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r N>mnrb d BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ _mÜ`_m§ìXmao _mohr_m Am`mo{OV H$amì`mV.
VgoM, Adb§~Z nmVir dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r à{ejUo d H¥${V àmË`{jHo$ Am`mo{OV H$amdrV Aer {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. (2015)
D$g {nH$mMo AmnËH$mbrZ ì`dñWmnZ

D$g ho CîU H$Q>r~§YmVrb nrH$ Agë`m_wio Ë`mg CîU hdm_mZ, 20 Vo 30 g|. Vmn_mZ, 80-90 % AmÐ©Vm, àIa
gy`©àH$me, nwaogo nmUr nmofH$ AgVo. VWmnr H$S>H$ CÝhmim, VgoM nmD$g H$mimVrb H$_r /ZJÊ` nmD$g_mZ `m_wio D$g nrH$
dmT>rda A{ZîR> n[aUm_ hmody eH$Vmo. {nH$mÀ`m H$mhr _hËdmÀ`m eara{H«$`memñÌr` d {Odamgm`{ZH$ {H«$`m§da n[aUm_ hmodyZ
~mînr^dZmMm doJ dmT>Vmo d noer A§VJ©V nmÊ`mMm VmU {Z_m©U hmoVmo. àH$meg§íbofU {H«$`m _§XmdVo.Ë`m_wio `m H$mimV `mo½`
ì`dñWmnZ Ho$bo Zmhr Va CËnmXZmV 15 Vo 50 Q>ŠHo$ BVH$s bjUr` KQ> òVo.
AmnËH$mbrZ n[a{ñWVrV Cgmdarb XwînarUm_ Q>miÊ`mgmR>r H$amd`mÀ`m Cnm``moOZm

1) D$g {nH$mgmR>r eoVHè`m§Zr OmñVrV OmñV joÌmda qR>~H$ qgMZ nmUr ì`dñWmnZ nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$aUo hr H$mimMr JaO
Amho.
2) H$mo 86032 d H$moE_ 0265 ho dmU BVa OmVrnoúmm nmÊ`mMm VmU ghZ H$aVmV. Ë`m_wio ZdrZ bmJdS>rgmR>r Aem OmVrMm
àmYmÝ`mZo dmna H$amdm.
3) Á`m {R>H$mUr nmÊ`mMr CnbãYVm H$_r Amho Aem {R>H$mUr `mnwT>o nmUr XoVmZm EH$ AmS> EH$ garVwZ nmUr Úmdo.
4) nmÊ`mMm VmU nS>V Agë`mg Cä`m D$g {nH$mVrb ImbMr nŠd Pmbobr VgoM dmibobr nmZo H$mTy>Z Vr AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ
garV ngamdr. OoUoH$éZ nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ H$_r hmodyZ O{_ZrV Amobmdm {Q>Hw$Z amhÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b.
5) {nH$mg nmÊ`mMm VmU nS>V Agë`mg bmJUrZ§Va 60, 120 Am{U 180 {Xdgm§Zr 2 % å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e d 2 % `war`m
`m§Mo {_lU H$éZ {nH$mda \$dmaUr H$amdr.
6) nmÊ`mMr H_VaVm Agë`mg ~mînrämdZ H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r 6 Vo 8 % Ho$dmobrZ `m ~mînamoÜmH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
7) bmJdS>rÀ`m D$g {nH$mV VgoM ImoS>ì`mÀ`m {nH$mg hoŠQ>ar 5 Vo 6 Q>Z nmMQ>mMo AmÀN>mXZ H$éZ àVr Q>Z nmMQ>mgmR>r 8
{H$bmo `war`m, 10 {H$bmo gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d 1 {H$bmo nmMQ> Hw$O{dUmè`m {OdmUy§Mm dmna H$amdm.
94 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

XOo}Xma Jyi Am[U H$mH$dr V`ma H$aÊ`mMo gwYm[aV V§Ì
A) D$g VmoS>UrnyduMo V§ÌkmZ

1) O‘rZ
D$g {nH$mgmR>r Mm§Jë`m {ZMè`mMr, jmam§Mo à‘mU H$‘r AgUmar d nrH$nmofH$ KQ>H$m§Mr CnbãYVm `mo½` à‘mUmV
AgUmar O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr. Aem O{‘ZrV CgmMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo d Ë`mnmgyZ Mm§Jë`m àVrMm Jyi V`ma H$aVm òVmo.
ImadQ>, MmonU, MwZIS>r`wº$ O{‘ZrVrb CgmnmgyZ XO}Xma Jyi hmoV Zgë`mZo Aem O{‘ZrVrb D$g, Jyi Am{U H$mH$dr
V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnê$ Zò.
2) Cn`wº$ D$g dmU
JyimMr àV Am{U a§J ho JwUY‘© ‘w»`…ËdoH$ê$Z D$gmÀ`m OmVrda Adb§~yZ AgVmV. àËòH$ D$g OmVr‘Yrb agmÀ`m
amgm`{ZH$ JwUY‘m©V \$aH$ AmT>iyZ òVmo d `m amgm`{ZH$ JwUY‘m©Mm JyimÀ`m àVrda n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. åhUyZ JyimgmR>r
{e\$mag Ho$boë`m D$g OmVr§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr.
A) bdH$a nŠd hmoUmè`m OmVr
H$mogr 671 (dg§V), H$mo 8014 (‘hmbú‘r), H$mo 7219(g§OrdZr), H$mo 92005
~) ‘Ü`‘ C[eam Vo C[eam nŠd hmoUmao dmU
H$mo E‘ 7125 (g§nXm), H$mo 86032 ({Zam), H$mo 7527, H$mo 94012 (\w$bo gm{dÌr)
3) IVm§Mm g§Vw{bV dmna
CÎm‘ àVrMm Jyi V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘mVrMo n¥W…H$aU H$ê$Z g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVm§Mm CgmÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoZwgma
g§VwbrV dmna H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. g|{Ð` IVm§À`m dmnam‘wio O{‘ZrMm nmoV gwYmê$Z AÞm§emMr CnbãYVm dmT>Vo Am{U
D$gmMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio agmMr àV gwYmê$Z Mm§Jbm Jyi V`ma hmoVmo. `mH$[aVm hoŠQ>ar 50 JmS>çm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo
eoUIV AWdm H§$nmoñQ> IV Kmbmdo. amgm`{ZH$ IVmMr {e\$mag Ho$ë`mà‘mUo gwé D$g {nH$m§g hoŠQ>ar 200 {H$bmo ZÌ,
115 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 115 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdo. nyd© h§Jm‘r D$g {nH$m§g à{V hoŠQ>ar 272 {H$bmo ZÌ, 170 {H$bmo
ñ\w$aX, Am{U 170 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdo. {e\$magrnojm OmñV ZÌ`wº$ IVo {Xë`mg JwimMr àV Iam~ hmoD$Z CVmamhr KQ>Vmo
d JwimÀ`m {Q>H$mD$nUmdahr A{Zï n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. ñ\w$aX`wº$ amgm`{ZH$ IVo `mo½` à‘mUmV {Xë`mg agmMr àV gwYmaVo VgoM
gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§À`m dmnam‘wiogwÕm JwimMr àV gwYmaÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo.
4) nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
nmÊ`mMm AdmOdr dmna qH$dm VmU `m§Mm agmÀ`m àVrda Am{U n`m©`mZo JwimÀ`m àVrdahr A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo.
{Za{Zamù`m h§Jm‘mV O{‘ZrMm ‘JXya nmhþZ D$g {nH$mg nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. CÝhmù`mV 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr JaOoà‘mUo
nmUr Úmdo. D$g VmoS>Ê`mnydu H$‘rV H$‘r 15 {Xdg AJmoXa Cgmbm nmUr XoD$ Zò.
5) D$g nŠdVm d VmoS>Ur
D$g dmT>rgmR>r gmYmaUnUo 21 Vo 30 A§e gopëg`g d nŠdVogmR>r 16 Vo 18 A§e gopëg`g Vmn‘mZ nmofH$ AgVo.
Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m ‘Ü`mZ§Va D$g nŠd hmoÊ`mg gwédmV hmoVo. $CgmMr nŠdVm {~«Šg h¡S´>m°‘rQ>a AWdm h±S> ao\« °ŠQ>mo‘rQ>aZo nhmdr.
D$g agmMo {~«Šg 21 A§e nojm OmñV Amë`mg Agm D$g Jyi V`ma H$aÊ`mg `mo½` Amho Ago g‘Omdo. nŠd Pmboë`m
CgmnmgyZ JwimMm CVmam A{YH$ {‘iyZ {Q>H$mD$nUmhr dmT>Vmo. YmaXma H$mo`Ë`mZo nŠd$ CgmMr O{‘ZrbJV VmoS>Ur H$amdr.
e|S>çmH$S>rb 2-3 AnŠd H$m§S>çm dmT>çmghrV VmoSy>Z Q>mH$mì`mV d nmbm H$mTy>Z D$g ñdÀN> H$amdm.
6) CgmMr Jminnyd© ñdÀN>Vm
CgmMr Jminnyd© ñdÀN>Vm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Cgmdarb ‘mVrMo H$U, ~waerMo Adeof VgoM ‘oU `m§Mm agmÀ`m
àVrda A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. Ë`mH$[aVm D$g 600 gopëg`g Vmn‘mZmÀ`m Ja‘ nmÊ`mV 10 {‘{ZQ>o ~wS>{dë`mg CgmMr Jminnyd©
ñdÀN>Vm hmoVo Am{U n[aUm‘r JwimMr àV gwYmaVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 95

CÎm‘ à{VMm Jyi/H$mH$dr V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r CgmÀ¶m agm‘Yrb KQ>H$m§Mo n«‘mU nwT>rbà‘mUo Agmdo
A.Z§. agmVrb KQ>H$ à‘mU
1 EHy$U {dÐmì` KQ>H$ ({~«Šg) 21 0 nojm OmñV
2 gmIa (gwH«$moO) 19 Q>¸o$ nojm OmñV
3 ½bwH$moO 0.5 Q>¸o$ nojm H$‘r
4 {dÐmì` ZÌ`wº$ Ðìò 32 {‘brJ«°‘ nojm H$‘r /100 {‘br
5 EHy$U ñ\w$aX (\$m°ñ\$ag noÝQ>°Am°ŠgmB©S>) 30 {‘brJ«°‘ nojm OmñV/100 {‘br
6 ZÌ ñ\w$aXmMo JwUmoÎma 1.5 nojm H$‘r
7 gm‘y (Amåb {dåb {ZX}em§H$) 5 Vo 5.3
~) D$g VmoS>UrZ§VaMo V§ÌkmZ

1) CgmMo Jmin
D$g VmoS>UrZ§Va bdH$amV bdH$a åhUOo 6 Vo 12 Vmgm§À`m AmVM D$gmMo Jmin H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. D$g OmñV {eim
Pmbm Va Mm§Jbm Jyi V`ma hmoV Zmhr. D$g JminmgmR>r AmS>ì`m VrZ bmQ>çm§Mm, CÎm‘ Jmin j‘Vm Agboë`m MaH$mMr
{ZdS> H$amdr. åhUOo agmMm CVmam OmñV {‘iVmo. CgmÀ`m agmV {\$Zm°{bH$> Ðìò AgVmV. `m Ðì`m§Mm bmoI§S>mer g§~§Y
Amë`mg amgm`{ZH$ {H«$`m hmodyZ JX© {Zù`m qH$dm H$mù`m a§JmMr g§`wJo V`ma hmoVmV. Ë`mMm JwimÀ`m a§Jmda {dnarV n[aUm‘
hmoVmo. åhUyZ agmMm bmoI§S>mer g§nH©$ H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñQ>oZbog ñQ>rb MaH$mMm dmna H$amdm.
2) ag JmiU `§ÌUm
D$g agmVrb ~J°gMo bhmZ H$U, nmMQ>mMo VwH$S>o, ‘mVrMo H$U BË`mXr H$Mam H$mTy>Z ag ñdÀN> H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
Ë`mH$[aVm `m§{ÌH$s nÕVrZo {\$aUmè`m Am{U XmoZ JmiÊ`m§À`m (2 {‘.‘r. Am{U 0.5 {‘.‘r.) A§V^m©d Agboë`m ag JmiU
`§ÌUoMm dmna H$ê$Z ag Mm§Jbm JmiyZ ‘§XmZmV ¿`mdm. ñdÀN> ag n§nmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo \y$S>J«oS> ßb°ñQ>rH$À`m gmR>dU hm¡XmV
¿`mdm.`m hm¡XmVyZ ag Zm`bm°ZÀ`m JmiUrVyZ JmiyZ Vmo H$mhrbrV ¿`mdm.
3) ag CH$iUo Am{U ‘ir H$mT>Uo
ag CH$iÊ`mgmR>r nÍ`mMr H$mhrb AmVrb ~mOwZo CS>XmÀ`m nrR>mZo bmS>U H$ê$Z ¿`mdr. ag CH$iÊ`mgmR>r H$moëhmnya
nÕVrMo {M‘Ur MwbmU dmnamdo. MwbmU noQ>dyZ ag VmnV R>odmdm. ‘ir ì`dpñWV H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r 150 Vo 200 J«°‘ MwZm 5 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ Ë`mMo ÐmdU agmV {‘gimdo. Vá agmVrb ‘ir g§nyU©V… {ZKÊ`mgmR>r à{V 1000 {bQ>a agmgmR>r 2 {H$bmo
^|S>r dZñnVrÀ`m ImoS> d \$m§ÚmMm R>oMm H$ê$Z 15 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV Hw$ñH$ê$Z Ë`mMm AH©$ JmiyZ ¿`mdm d Vmo AH©$ 2 Vo 3 g‘mZ
hßË`mV {d^mJyZ H$mhrbrV Q>mH$mdm AWdm ^|S>r dZñnVrnmgyZ ~Z{dbobr nmdS>a 1.6 {H$bmo à{V 1000 {bQ>a ag `m
à‘mUmV bJXm H$ê$Z H$m{hbrV agm‘Üò Q>mH$mdr. MwÝ`mMr {Zdir KmVë`m‘wio agmVrb ZÌ`wº$ Q>mH$mD$ nXmW© A{dÐmì`
hmoD$Z OmS> H$mù`m ‘irÀ`m ê$nmZo (T>moa‘ir) agmda Va§Jy bmJVmV. {eã`mÀ`m ghmæ`mZo ‘ir H$miOrnyd©H$ H$mT>mdr.MwÝ`mMo
à‘mU OmñV Pmbo Va Jyi JS>X Vm§~yg a§JmMm hmoÊ`mMm YmoH$m AgVmo. T>moa‘ir H$mT>Ê`mMo H$m‘ n{hë`m 30 Vo 35 {‘{ZQ>mV
hmoUo JaOoMo Amho. T>moa‘ir H$mT>ë`mZ§Va Amg}{ZH$ ‘wº$ \$m°ñ\$arH$ (ñ\w$aX) Amåb 150 Vo 200 {‘.br.à{V 1000 {bQ>a
agmgmR>r dmnamdo. agmVrb A{YH$ ZÌmMm VgoM agmV KmVboë`m MwÝ`mÀ`m {ZdirMm JwimÀ`m a§Jmda {dnarV n[aUm‘
Q>miÊ`mgmR>r \$m°ñ\$arH$ AmåbmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. VgoM ag CH$iVmZm gmIaoMo ½bwH$moO‘Üò hmoUmao énm§Va H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r
`m AmåbmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. ‘mÌ \$m°ñ\$arH$ AmåbmMo à‘mU OmñV Pmë`mg Jyi ‘D$ ~ZVmo, H$Ur ~marH$ YaVo d Jyi
{M¸$sgmaIm hmoVmo.
4) AZmdí`H$ agm`Zm§Mm dmna Q>mim
JwimÀ`m gÜ`mÀ`m {dH«$s ì`dñWoV JwimMr àW‘Xe©Zr ng§Vr VgoM Jwimbm ~mOmamV {‘iUmam Xa hm JwimÀ`m
a§Jmda ~è`mM A§er Adb§~yZ Amho. Ë`m‘wio ~aoMgo eoVH$ar Jwimbm JS>X {ndim a§J òÊ`mgmR>r h¡S´>m°g, dm\$m nmdS>a,
^|S>r nmdS>a B. amgm`{ZH$ nXmWmªMm A{V[aº$ dmna H$aVmV. ho amgm`{ZH$ nXmW© ‘mZdmÀ`m Amamo½`mg hmZrH$maH$
AmhoV. `m amgm`{ZH$ nXmWmªÀ`m dmnam‘wio JwimVrb J§YH$mMo à‘mU dmT>Vo. AÞ ôgi H$m`ÚmZwgma Jwim‘Üò
96 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gë\$aS>m` Am°ŠgmB©S>Mo à‘mU 70 ^mJ à{V Xebj (nrnrE‘) nojm OmñV Agy Zò. h¡S´>m°gÀ`m A[VdmnamZo gmoS>r`‘Mo
à‘mU dmT>Vo. Ë`m‘wio hdoVrb ~mîn JwimV emofbo OmD$Z hdoVrb AmÐ©VoMo à‘mU dmT>VmM Jwimg nmUr gwQ>Vo d
Ë`mV ~waerMr dmT> hmoVo. Agm Jwi ImÊ`mÀ`m Ñ[ï>Zo hmZrH$maH$ R>aVmo. `mgmR>r amgm`{ZH$ nXmWm©Mm dmna Q>miUoM
{hVH$maH$ Amho.
5) XO}Xma H$mH$dr V`ma H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m
H$mhrbrVrb nmH$mMo Vmn‘mZ 103.5 Vo 1050 goëgr`g Amë`mZ§Va H$mH$dr V`ma hmoVo. nmH$mMr hr pñWVr
AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ W‘m©{‘Q>aMm dmna H$aUo \$m`ÚmMo R>aVo. `m H$mH$drÀ`m AdñWobm H$mhrb ËdarV Imbr CVamdr
Am{U H$mH$drgmR>r Img V`ma Ho$boë`m ñQ>rbÀ`m qnnmV AmoVmdr. Aem qnnmZm VimnmgyZ WmoS>çm C§Mrda VmoQ>r ~g{dbobr
Agmdr. H$mH$dr Ja‘ AgVmZm Ë`mV H$mH$drÀ`m dOZmÀ`m à‘mUmV gm`Q´>rH$ Amåb 400 {‘br J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo Q>mH$mdo
åhUOo H$mH$dr AmH$f©H$ a§JmMr hmodyZ {VÀ`mV gmIaoMo IS>o YaV ZmhrV. H$mH$dr Iam~ hmoD$ Zò VgoM {Q>H$mD$nUm dmT>mdm
åhUyZ Ë`mV nmoQ>°{e`‘ ‘oQ>m~m` gë\$mB©Q> 1 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo qH$dm ~oÝPm°B©H$ Amåb 5 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo Q>mH$mdo. H$mH$dr 8 Vo 10
{Xdg qnnmV VerM g§W amhÿ Úmdr. åhUOo {VÀ`mVrb OS> H$U, A{dÐmì` KQ>H$ qnnmÀ`m Vimbm ~gVrb. H$mH$drÀ`m
n¥ð>^mJmda Va§JUmao nXmW© hbHo$M {eã`mZo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdoV. Ë`mZ§Va qnnmÀ`m Vimer WmoS>çm C§Mrda ~gdboë`m VmoQ>rVyZ
hiwdmanUo H$mH$dr Xwgè`m A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘ AWdm ñQ>oZbog ñQ>rbÀ`m ^m§S>çmV JmiyZ ¿`mdr. Ë`mZ§Va H$mH$drg hbH$s
CH$ir(50 Vo 600 go.) AmUmdr. ZV§a ho ^m§S>o eoJS>rdê$Z Imbr CVamdo. J«mhH$m§À`m ng§VrZwgma H$mH$drMo {~«Šg 72 Vo 740
n`ªV R>odmdo. CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV gmYmaUnUo 15 Vo 20 {‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ ~mQ>ë`m {ZOªVyH$ H$amì`mV. AmH$f©H$ Aem 200, 250
Am{U 500 {‘br j‘VoÀ`m ~mQ>ë`m Vm|S>mH$S>o 1 go§.‘r. OmJm ‘moH$ir gmoSy>Z Ë`m‘Üò Ja‘ H$mH$dr âmdr. ~mQ>ë`m ‘erZÀ`m
ghmæ`mZo hdm~§X H$ê$Z, ñdÀN> nwgyZ Ë`mda AmH$f©H$ bo~b bmdyZ {H$aH$moi d KmD$H$ {dH«$sgmR>r nmR>dmì`mV.
6) XO}Xma Jyi V`ma H$aÊ`mMr à{H«$`m
H$mH$drÀ`m pñWVrZ§Va ag D$Vy OmÊ`mMr {H«$`m nyU© hmoD$Z nmH$ ì`dpñWV CH$iy bmJVmo. Ë`mdoir 200 {‘br
e|JXmUm Vob H$mhrbrV Kmbmdo åhUOo nmH$mMo Vmn‘mZ dmT>Ê`mg ‘XV hmoVo d nmH$ H$anÊ`mMm YmoH$m Q>mibm OmVmo.
nmH$mMo Vmn‘mZ ‘moOÊ`mgmR>r BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ W‘m©‘rQ>aMm dmna H$amdm. nmH$mMo Vmn‘mZ 1180 + 0.50 gopëg`g Ambo AgVm
H$mhrb MwbmUmdê$Z CVadmdr d dmâ`mV Jyi AmoVmdm. BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ W‘m©‘rQ>a CnbãY Zgë`mg Jyi V`ma Pmbm Amho ho
nmhÊ`mgmR>r nmH$mMr Jmoir MmMUr ¿`mdr. `mgmR>r nmH$ bmH$S>r \$mdS>çmda KodyZ Vmo nmH$ W§S> nmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ hmVmZo Ë`mMr
Jmoir V`ma H$amdr hr Jmoir H$mhrbrÀ`m ‘moH$ù`m nÍ`mda AmVrb ~mOyda OmoamZo \$oH$mdr. JmoirMm nÍ`mda Q>UH$ AmdmO
Amë`mg Jwi V`ma Pmbm Amho, Ago g‘Omdo. nmH$ W§S> hmoV AgVmZm KmoQ>Ê`mMr {H«$`m gmdH$me H$amdr. KmoQ>Ur OmñV
Pmë`mg Jwi ‘D$ ~ZVmo d Jwimg adminUm òV Zmhr. JwimMo Vmn‘mZ 760 gopëg`g BVHo$ Imbr Amë`mZ§Va Jyi gmÀ`mV
^ê$Z ~mOmanoR>oVrb ‘mJUrZwgma 1,2,5,10 qH$dm 30 {H$bmo dOZmÀ`m T>onm VgoM bhmZ ‘moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m dS>çm, ‘moXH$
BË`m[X V`ma H$amdo.
7) Jyi nmdS>a à{H«$`m
JwimnmgyZ V`ma Ho$cocm nmdS>aMm (^wH$Q>r) a§J {d{eï> JwUY‘m©‘wio Jwimnojm A{YH$ CR>mdXma AgVmo. JwinmdS>a
‘Ü¶o Amocmì`mMo à‘mU AË`ën Agë`mZo gmR>dU j‘Vm Mm§Jcr AgVo. Jyi nmdS>a V`ma H$amd`mMr Agë`mg Jyi
gmÀ`mV Z âVm dmâ`mVM W§S> hmoD$ Úmdm. Jyi dmâ`mV KÅ> hmoÊ`mnydr©M XmVmù`mZo Cä`m d AmS>ì`m aoKm ‘méZ Jyi
hmcdyZ KoD$Z chmZ chmZ VwH$S>o H$amdoV. ho VwH$S>o dmâ`mV KÅ> Pmë`mZ§Va gw`©àH$memV H$mnS>mÀ`m AmdaUmImcr R>odyZ
dmidmdoV. dmicocm Jyi cmH$S>r ~S>dÊ`mZo ~marH$ H$amdm. ~marH$ Ho$cocm Jyi doJdoJù`m MmiÊ`mVwZ MmiwZ KoD$Z
XmoZ - VrZ {Xdg dmidyZ Ë`mVrc AmÐVoMo à‘mU H$‘r H$amdo. nmdS>arÀ`m dJ©dmarZwgma nm°crWrZÀ`m AmH$f©H$ {neì`mVyZ
n°qH$J H$ê$Z ~mOmamV {d{H«$gmR>r nmR>dmdo. nm°crn°H$ Ho$cocr Jyi nmdS>a à{Vda H$moUVmhr n[aUm‘ Z hmoVm XmoZ - VrZ df©
Mm§Jë`m pñWVrV amhVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 97

H$mnyg
gÜ`mMm OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma d Iwë`m AW©ì`dñWoÀ`m `wJm_Üò eoVg_moa AZoH$ ZdZdrZ AmìhmZo C^r amhV AmhoV. `m
AmìhmZm§Zm g_W©nUo gm_moao OmÊ`mgmR>r eoVrì`dgm`mH$S>o ì`mnmar Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ nmhUo Amdí`H$ Amho. eoVr_Üò Cƒ
_wë`m§{H$V ZJXr {nH$m§n¡H$s H$mngmMm A§V^m©d bjmV KoVm _hmamï´>mV gZ 2014-15 _Üò 41.92 bj hoŠQ>a (33.12%)
joÌm§da bmJdS> hmoD$Z gwÔm \$º$ 79.25 bj JmR>r (19.81%) CËnmXZ Pmbo. _hmamï´>mMr CËnmXH$Vm hr Va OJmÀ`m VwbZoV
{Zåå`mhÿZhr H$_r AgyZ (345 {H$J«°/ho) Ë`mV dmT> hmoU JaOoMo Amho. _hmamï´>mV H$moaS>dmhÿ joÌmMo àm~ë`, qgMZ gw{dYm§Mr
A^md, hbŠ`m O{_ZrV bmJdS>, V§ÌkmZ dmnamMm A^md, IVm§Mm Ag§Vw{bV dmna, BË`m{X H$mngmÀ`m H$_r CËnmXH$VoMr
à_wI H$aUo AmhoV. _hmamï´>mVrb Amo{bVmMo à_mUo ho Ho$di 16 Q>¸o$ Amho. Am{U nmÊ`mMr CnbãYVm hoM AmO _hmamï´>mÀ`m
eoVrnwT>rb EH$ à_wI AmìhmZ Amho.
X{jU H$mbdo {d^mJ åhUOo npíM_ _hmamï´>mVrb gmVmam, gm§Jbr, gmobmnya, nwUo, Ah_XZJa d Zm{eH$ `m ^mJm_Üò
~mJm`Vr H$nmerMr bmJdS> H$aÊ`mV òVo. Va AH$mob, naÛr, Am¡a§Jm~mX, OiJm§d Ywio Am{U Z§Xþa~ma ^mJmV _w»`Îdo
H$moaS>dmhþ H$nmerMr bmJdS> H$aÊ`mV òVo. ~mJm`Vr d {Oam`Vr H$nmerMm {dMma Ho$bm Va _mÌ CËnmXH$VoV àM§S> V\$mdV
AmT>iyZ òVo ~mJm`Vr H$nmerMr CËnmXH$Vm 650Vo 900 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a AgyZ {Oam`V H$moaS>dmhÿ H$mngmnojm OdiOdi
XþßnQ> {VßnQ> OmñV Amho. na§Vw Ho$di ~mJm`Vr nÕVrZo H$mngmMr bmJdS> nwaoer ZgyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr CnbãY gwYm[aV V§ÌkmZmMm
dmna H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm Adb§~ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. H$mngmMo bmJdS>rMo joÌ doJdoJù`m ^mJm_Üò doJdoJio Amho. H$mngmÀ`m
bmJdS>r `mo½` Mma OmVr AmhoV. Ë`m_Yrb XmoZ OmVr Xoer àH$mamV _moS>VmV. {Vgar A_o[aH$Z Va Mm¡Wr B{Oßer`Z àH$maV
_mohVo. _hmamï´>mVrb ~hþVoH$ joÌmda A_o[aH$Z OmVrÀ`m g§H$[aV ~rQ>r dmUmMr (A_o[aH$Z A_o[aH$Z) bmJdS> hmoVo, Va
H$mhr ^mJm_Üò (AmQ>nmS>r, OV, gm§Jmobm B.) Am§Va OmVr` g§H$[aV (A_o[aH$Z B{Oßer`Z) ~rQ>r dmUmMr bmJdS> Ho$br
OmVo.
CÝhmir ~mJm`Vr H$nmer

hdm‘mZ
H$nmerMo nrH$ ho OmñV H$mbmdYrMo nrH$ Amho. H$nmergmR>r ñdÀN> C~Xma d H$moaS>o hdm‘mZ AZwHy$b AgVo.
H$nmerÀ`m {~`mÊ`mMr CJdU hmoÊ`mgmR>r 18 Vo 20 A§e goëgrAg, A{YH$ dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r 20 Vo 27 A§e goëgrAg
BVŠ`m Vmn‘mZmMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. H$nmergmR>r {H$‘mZ d H$‘mb Vmn‘mZ 15 Vo 35 A§e goëgrAg d hdoVrb AmÐ©Vm
75 Q>ŠŠ`m§nojm H$‘r Agmdr bmJVo. CîU {Xdg Am{U W§S> amÌ `màH$maMo hdm‘mZ ~m|S>o Mm§Jbr âÊ`mg d C‘bÊ`mg
Cn`wº$ AgVo.
O‘rZ
H$nmerMo nrH$ gw‘mao ghm ‘{hZo eoVmV amhV Agë`m‘wio `mo½` O{‘ZrMr {ZdS> AË`§V ‘hÎdmMr Amho. H$nmer
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Oê$arnojm OmñV {Xbo OmVo. gè`m§Mr bm§~r O{‘ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma 6 Vo 8 ‘rQ>a R>odmdr.
98 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

noaUrVrb A§Va
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2) g§H$[aV A‘o[aH$Z A‘o[aH$Z 90 90 12,345 4,938
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bmJdS>rgmR>r nwT>rb dmUm§MmM dmna H$amdm.
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(Ama EM ~r-0711) Am§VaOmVr` H$mnyg {nH${dUmao gd© {Oëho
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 99

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* ~mJm`Vr {~Ja ~rQ>r H$nmerMr noaUr doioda H$aUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Amho. noaUr C[eam Pmë`mg doMUrÀ`m doir
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{neì`m nwaVmV.
100 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

* doJdoJù`m ^mJmgmR>r, CXm., (1) gmobmnya, gm§Jbr, gmVmam d nwUo {Oëøm§gmR>r ‘mM©Mm n{hbm n§YadS>m,
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eoUIV {Xbo Zgë`mg àËòH$ IS²>S>çmV amgm`{ZH$ IVm§~amo~a eoUIV Úmdo.
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22-66 (6 g‘mZ hßVo) 25 30.00 40 24.0 30 18.0
64-77 (2 g‘mZ hßVo) 28 33.6 30 18.0 22 13.2
78-98 (3 g‘mZ hßVo) 17 20.4 8 4.8 38 22.8
EHw$U 100 120 100 60 100 60
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1. noÝS>r{‘W°{bZ 1.5 {bQ>a 500 {bQ>a CJdUrnydu EH$ \$dmam
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Am§VanrH$
CÝhmir ~mJm`Vr H$nmerV ^wB©‘yJmMm Eg. ~r. 11 hm CnQ>çm dmU qH$dm ‘wJ, CS>rX qH$dm Jdma Am§VanrH$ åhUyZ
KoVë`mg OmñV \$m`Xm hmoVmo. `mgmR>r garÀ`m EH$m ~mOyg H$nmer, Xwgè`m ~mOyg ^wB©‘yJ `m§Mr 1:1 `m à‘mUmV noaUr H$amdr.
XmoÝhr {nH$m§Mr noaUr garÀ`m ~JboÀ`m ‘Ü`mda H$amdr. Am§Va{nH$mMr noaUr H$nmerÀ`m noaUrnydu EH$ ‘{hZm AJmoXa Ho$ë`mg
\$m`Xm Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho. VgoM Vya, gmo`m~rZ `mgmaIr Am§VanrHo$ KoVë`mg \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
102 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

doMUr
eoVmVrb A§XmOo 30 Vo 35 Q>¸o$ ~m|S>o \w$Q>ë`mda n{hbr doMUr H$amdr, Ë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 2 Vo
3 doMÊ`m H$amì`mV. H$mngmMr doMUr gH$mir H$aUo A{YH$ Mm§Jbo, H$maU hdoVrb Amobmì`mZo H$mS>rH$Mam,
dmibobr nmZo H$nmerbm {MH$Q>V ZmhrV. H$mnyg doMVm§Zm Mm§Jbm H$mnyg àW‘ doMmdm Z§Va nmdgmV {Ôbobm {ndiga a§J
Agbobm d {H$S>H$m Am{U H$dS>r H$mnyg doJim doMmdm. àËòH$ OmVrMm H$mnyg doJim gmR>dmdm, doMë`mZ§Va H$mnyg 3-4
{Xdg CÝhmV dmidyZ ñdÀN> d H$moaS>çm OmJr gmR>dmdm.
{nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ>
H$nmerMm àH$ma 1 bo df© 2 ao df© 3 ao df©
CÝhmir D$g D$g-ImoS>dm CÝhmir H$mnyg + Jhÿ / haâm
Iarn nyd© H$mnyg + Jhÿ/haâm ^wB©‘yJ/Vri + Ádmar +H$aS>B© --
H$m{`H$ ~Xb
bmë`m
bjUo… H$nmerMr nmZo bmb hmoÊ`mMo ‘w»` H$maU ZÌmMr H$‘VaVm hmo`. ZÌ IVm§À`m H$‘VaVo‘wio ~m|S> dmT>rÀ`m AdñWo‘Üò
nmZmVrb h[aV Ðì`m‘Yrb ZÌ dmnabo OmVo Am{U nmZo bmb hmoVmV. VgoM ‘°¾o{e`‘ øm gyú‘ AÞÐì`mMr H$‘VaVm
Am{U ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tÀ`m (‘w»`Ëdo VwS>VwS>o) àmXw^m©dm‘wio gwÜXm H$nmerMr nmZo bmb hmoVmV.
Cnm`… (1) bmë`m à{VH$maH$ dmUm§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr. (2) {e\$magrV IVm§À`m ‘mÌm Úmì`mV. ~rQ>r dmUmgmR>r {e\$maer
‘mÌonojm 25 Q>ŠHo$ IV OmñV ÚmdrV. Ë`m‘Üò 20 Q>¸o$ ZÌ bmJdS>rÀ`m doir, 40 Q>¸o$ ZÌ bmJdS>rZ§Va 30
{Xdgm§Zr Am{U 40 Q>¸o$ ZÌ bmJdS>rÀ`m 60 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. ‘°¾o{e`‘gmaIo gyú‘ AÞÐì` (20 Vo 30 {H$bmo/ ho.)
O{‘ZrV Úmdo. dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV 2 Q>¸o$ {S>Enr IVm§À`m XmoZ \$dmaUr 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo H$amì`mV.
AmH$pñ‘H$ ‘a amoJ
bjUo…{XdgmMo Vmn‘mZ 380 g|.nojm OmñV XrK©H$mi {Q>Hy$Z am{hë`mg VgoM nmÊ`mMm VmU ~gë`mg Am{U nmdgmù`m‘Üò
nmUr gmMyZ am{hë`mg H$nmerÀ`m eara{H«$`m emómda A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. nmÊ`mMm VmU ~gë`m‘wio AÞÐì` emofyZ
KoUmè`m Obdm{hÝ`m \w$Jra ~ZVmV Am{U Z{bH$m ~§X hmoVmV. PmS>mÀ`m nmZo, \w$bo d ~m|S>o `m§Zm AÞÐmì` nwadR>m Z
Pmë`m‘wio nmZm§Mm VOobm Zmhrgm hmoVmo Am{U nmZo {ndir nS>VmV. nmZo, \w$bo d ~m|S>o `m§Mr Ji hmoVo Am{U PmS> ‘aVo.
Cnm`… 1) doioda nmUr Úmdo. (8-10 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo). nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`mVrb A§Va H$‘r OmñV H$é Zò. 2) {nH$m‘Üò
nmUr gmMyZ amhUma Zmhr `mMr XjVm ¿`mdr Am{U gmMbobo nmUr bJoM H$mTy>Z Úmdo. 3) {dH¥$VrJ«ñV PmS>m§Zm bjUo
{Xgy bmJVmM 1.5 {H$bmo `w[a`m + 1.5 {H$bmo nmbme 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ 150 Vo 200 {‘.{b.Úmdo.
4) Ë`mZ§Va 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr 2 {H$bmo {S>Enr 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ ho ÐmdU 150 Vo 200 {‘.{b. PmS>mÀ`m
~w§Ü`mOdi AmoVmdo d bJoM nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU
A) H$nmerdarb à‘wI amoJ d Ë`m§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
amoJmMo Zm§d H$Yr {XgVmo AmoiI Cnm`
(noaUrnmgyZ {Xdg)
~waerOÝ` H$anm 70-75 {Xdg nmZmda d ~m|S>mda Jmobm n«m°{nH$moÝ`mPmob (500 {‘br) qH$dm H$m°na Am°pŠgŠbmoamBS>
(AëQ>aZo[a`m ãbmBQ>) H$ma {dQ>H$ar qH$dm (1500 J«°.) + ñQ´>oßQ>mogm`ŠbrZ (60 J«°.) 500 {b. nmÊ`mV
H$mù`m a§JmMo {R>nHo$ {‘giyZ 10-15 {XdgmMo A§VamZo XmoZ \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
OrdmUyOÝ` H$anm 75-80 {Xdg nmZmda JS>X {dQ>H$ar d[ab à‘mUo
(~°ŠQ>o[aAb br\$ ãbmBQ>) aJ§mMo H$mZomË‘H$ {R>nH$o
‘a d ‘wiHy$O CJdUrnmgyZ PmS> dmiyZ OmVo VrZ J«°‘ à{V {H$bmoà‘mUo Wmà‘ qH$dm 4 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo
(pdëQ> d éQ> am°Q>) ‘wio gS>VmV/Hw$OVmV à‘mUo Q´>m`H$moS>a‘mMr ~rO à{H«$`m H$amdr, amoJ à{VH$maH$
dmU dmnamdo.
CJdUrnmgyZ PmS>mMr dmT> Iw§Q>Uo, H$mnyg {nH$mÀ¶m d¶mo‘mZmZwgma EH$ar 2 Vo 3 {H$bmo Xhr
{dfmUwOÝ¶ amoJ e|S>çmMr nmZo bhmZ
(Q>mo~°H$mo ñQ>rH$ ìhm¶ag) hmoVmV. nmZmda bmb ’$dmamdo Ë¶mgmo~V 2 Q>¸o$ nmoQ>°{e¶‘ Zm¶Q´>oQ>Mr XoIrb
Jwbm~r {R>nHo$ nS>VmV, ’$dmaUr H$amdr. VgoM ag emofUmè¶m {H$S>tMm ~§Xmo~ñV
nmZmMm H$mhr ^mJ H$amdm.
H$anVmo, e|S>m dmiVmo,
nmoVo XoIrb dmiVmV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 103

~) H$nmerdarb à‘wI {H$S>r d Ë`m§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
1) agemofH$ {H$S>r
{H$SrMo Zm§d H$Yr {XgVmV AmoiI Cnm`
(noaUrnmgyZ
{Xdg)
‘mdm 45 {\$H$Q> {ndio / JX© {hado / 1) ~rO à{H«$`m - B{‘S>mŠbmo{àS> 70 S>ãë`y. Eg. 9 J«°‘ qH$dm
H$minQ> a§JmMo, gmYmaU 2 Wm`m{‘WmŠPm‘ 70 S>ãë`w.Eg 4 J«°‘ qH$dm H$m~m©ogë’$mZ 25
{‘‘r bm§~ S>r.Eg. 60 J«°‘ à{V{H$bmo {~¶mÊ¶mg
VwS>VwS>o CJdUrnmgyZ {VaHo$ MmbUmao, n§I{dahrV, 2) 5% qZ~moir AH$m©Mr \$dmaUr,
{hadQ> a§JmMo {H$S>o, 3) H«$m`gmonm A§S>r 50000/- à{V hoŠQ>ar {nH$mda gmoS>mdrV.
nmZmImbr 4) A°{g\o$Q> 75 Eg.nr. 10 J«°_ qH$dm Wm`m{‘WmŠPm‘ 25 S>ãbw.
Or. 2 J«°_ qH$dm B{_S>mŠbmo{àS> 17.8 Eg.Eb. 2 {_br qH$dm
A°{g\o$Q> 50%+B{_S>mŠbmo{àS 1.8% Eg.nr. 20 J«°_ àVr
10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmamdo.
\w$b{H$S>o 1 Vo 30 {n„o AmH$mamZo bhmZ, {’$àmoZrb 5 Eg.gr. 30 {‘br qH$dm Wm`m{‘WmŠPm‘ 25S>ãbw.
{\$H$Q> {ndù`m a§JmMo, àm¡T> Or. 2 J«°_ qH$dm B{_S>mŠbmo{àS> 17.8 Eg.Eb. 2 {_br àVr
{ndiga a§JmMo 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmamdo.
nm§T>ar‘mer 80-110 nm§T>è`m a§JmMr AmH$mamZo \$dmaUr - A°{gQ>°{‘{àS> 20 Eg.nr. 2 J«°‘ qH$dm
bhmZ d XmoZ n§I Agbobr Q´>mòPmo\$m°g 40 B©.gr.30 {‘.br. qH$dm ~wàmo’o${OZ 25 Eg.gr.
20 {_br qH$dm Wm`{_WmoŠPm_ 25 S>ãbw Or 4 J«°_ qH$dm
qZ~moir AH©$ 50 {‘br àVr 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
2) ~m|S> Air
{H$S>rMo Zmd H$Yr {XgVmV AmoiI Cnm`
(naoUrnmgZy {Xdg)
A‘o[aH$Z ~m|S> 45-85 Air {haì`m a§JmMr AgyZ, O¡{dH {Z`§ÌU
Air ({hadr earamda bm§~rÀ`m ~mOyZo VwQ>H$ EM.EZ.nr.ìhr. 500 Eb.B©./hoŠQ>a
Air) H$aS>çm aofm AgVmV. nV§J ~r.Q>r.ìhma Hw$añQ>mH$s 1 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
‘mo>R>çm AmH$mamMm {ndiga H«$m`gmonm A§S>r 50000/hoŠQ>a,
Vn{H$ar a§JmMm AgVmo. \o$amo‘Z gmnio hoŠQ>ar 5,
{R>n³¶mMr ~m|S> 30-65 A§Jmda nm§T>ao {R>nHo$ AgVmV hr qZ~moir AH©$ 5 Q>¸o$ \$dmaUr
Air Vn{H$ar a§JmMr Air 15-18 amgm`{ZH$ {Z`§ÌU
{‘.‘r. bm§~ AgVo. * b°å~mSm> gm`h°bmoW«rZ 5 Q>¸o$ B©.gr. 8 {‘br
e|Xar ~m|S> Air 75-110 e|Xar a§JmMr Air gmYmaU * pñnZmog°S> 45 Eg.gr. 3.5 {‘br qH$dm
18-19 {‘.‘r. bm§~ AgVo. * àmo\o$Zmo\$m°g 50 B©.gr. 30 {‘br qH$dm
S>mo³¶mOdiMm ^mJ H$minQ> * BÝS>moP°H$m~© 15.8 B©.gr. 10 {‘br qH$dm
a§JmMm AgVmo. * Šbmoanmàr\$m°g 50 B©.gr. 20 {‘br qH$dm
* {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 20 E.E\$. 20 {‘br 10brQ>a
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ JaOoZwgma EH$m H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mMr
\$dmaUr H$amdr.
104 H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$mngmMo EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ
1) noaUrÀ`m doir ~rO à{H«$`m- B{‘S>°Šbmo{àS> 70 S>ãë`y. Eg. 9 J«°‘ qH$dm H$m~«mo©gë’$mZ 25 S>r.
Eg. 60 J«°‘/{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo. {‘l nrH$, Am§VanrH$ (‘wJ, CS>rX,gmo¶m~rZ
d Vya) gmnim {nHo$ åhUyZ ‘H$m, Mdir, Ádmar, amim `m§Mr bmJdS> H$amdr.
2) noaUrZ§Va 21 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr 1. H«$m`gmonm A§S>r 50000/ hoŠQ>ar eoVm‘Üò gmoS>mdrV.
ag emofUmè`m {H$S>r§gmR>r 2. 5 Q>¸o$ qZ~moir AH$m©Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
3. A°{g’o$Q> 75 Eg. nr. 10 J«°‘ àVr 10 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
3) e|S>o Air d ~m|S> AirgmR>r 1. ~rQ>r Hw$añQ>mH$s 1 {H$bmo / hoŠQ>ar \$dmaUr.
Xwgar \$dmaUr n{hë`m \$dmaUrZ§Va 2. Q´>m`H$moJ«m‘m A§S>r 1.5 bj / hoŠQ>a
15 Vo 21 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr. 3. \o$amo‘Z gmnio Am{U njr Wm§~o eoVm‘Üò bmdmdoV.
4) ag emofUmè`m {H$S>rgmR>r {Vgar 1. A°{gQ>°{‘{àS> 20 Eg.nr.2 J«°‘ qH$dm
\$dmaUr, Xwgè`m \$dmaUrZ§Va 15 2. Q´>m`Pmo\$m°g 40 B©.gr. 30 {‘.br. qH$dm
Vo 21 {Xdgm§Zr 3. A°{g\o$Q> 75 Eg.nr. 10 J«°‘ 10 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
5) gd©àH$maÀ`m ~m|S> Aù`m (e|S>o EM.EZ.nr.ìhr. 500 Eb.B©./hoŠQ>a, b°åãS>m gm`h°bmoW«rZ 5 Q>¸o$ àdmhr 8 {‘.br.
Air, A‘o[aH$Z d e|Xar ~m|S> pñnZmog°S> 45 Eg.gr. 3.5 {‘.br. qH$dm àmo\o$Zmo\$m°g 50 B©.gr. 30 {‘.br. qH$dm
Air) B§S>moŠPmH$m~© 15.8 B©.gr.10 {‘.br. àVr 10 brQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
~m|S>Air {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {deof H$miOr

1. nrH$ gmYmaUnUo 1 Vo 1.5 ‘{hÝ`mMo AgVmZm eVomV eS|>A o irMm àmX^wmd© AmT>iZy `Vom.o {H$S>Jñ«V eS|>o VmSo>yZ Zme H$amdm.
2. gí§c{ofV nmàWom«BS©> hr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$o à^mdr Agbr Var EH$mM hJ§m‘mV XmZonj o m A{YH$ di o m Ë`mMm dmna H$ê$ Z`.o
3. gí§c{ofV nmàWom«BS©>À`m dmnamZV§a Xgwar \$dmaUr A{°g\$oQ>/H$m~ma©rb qH$dm Š`Zw°mb ° \$mg°Mr H$amdr.
4. A‘[oaH$Z ~mS|>AirÀ`m {Z`Ì§UmgmR>r EM.EZ.nr.ìhr. ho O{¡dH$ {dfmUy hŠoQ>ar 500 Eb.B.© `m à‘mUmV gm`H§$miÀ`m
dio r \$dmamd.o
5. gd© àH$maÀ`m ~mS|>AirgmR>r ~r.Q>r. ho O{¡dH$o AUO w rd`ºw$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ dmnamd.o
6. AYZw‘YZy H$sS>Jñ«V Jimbb o r nmZ,o \$wb,o ~mS|>o dM
o Zy Zï> H$amdrV.
7. H$nmerMm ImSo>dm KÊo`mMo nU y V©… Q>mimd.o
8. qZ~mio r AH$© Agbëo`m {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mM § m gêw$dmVrÀ`m H$mimV dmna H$amdm.
9. nmd°a nn§ dmnaVmZm {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mM § o à‘mU {VßnQ> H$amd.o
CËnmXZ
~mJm`Vr H$nmerÀ`m gYwm[aV dmUmM
§ o hŠoQ>ar 20 Vo 24 q¹$Q>b Va gH§$[aV dmUmMo hŠoQ>ar 25 Vo 30 q¹$Q>b.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 105

H$moaS>dmhÿ H$mnyg bmJdS> V§ÌkmZ
_hmamï´> amÁ` joÌmÀ`m ~m~VrV Oar àW_ H«$_m§H$mda Agbo Var hoŠQ>ar CËnmXH$Vm \$maM H$_r Amho. `m H$_r CËnmXZ
òÊ`mMr _w»` H$maUo Imbrb à_mUo AmhoV.
1. gw_mao 97 Q>ŠHo$ joÌ H$moaS>dmhÿ Agë`m_wio, nmdgmÀ`m bharnUmda H$mnyg CËnmXZ Adb§~yZ AgVo.
2. hbŠ`m O{_ZrV H$mngmMr bmJdS> Ho$br OmVo.
3. O{_ZrÀ`m àVdmarZwgma, `mo½` dmUm§Mm dmna Z H$aUo.
4. gwYm[aV V§ÌkmZmMm A^md.
5. à{V hoŠQ>ar PmS>m§Mr g§»`m {e\$maernojm H$_r AgUo, Ë`m_wio PmS>m§Mr A_`m©{XV H$m{`H$ dmT> hmoVo.
6. {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> Z H$aUo.
7. EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZmMm A^md.
8. EH$mpË_H$ {H$S> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZmMm A^md.
H$moaS>dmhÿ H$mnyg CËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r O_rZ hdm_mZ, nyd©_emJV,{~Oà{H«$`m B. ~m~tMm Adb§~ ~mJm`Vr H$nmer
bmJdS>rà_mUoM H$amdm. `m ì`{V[aº$ {nH$mMr \o$anmbQ>, {Oam`Vr dmU, noaUrMr doi, noaUrMo A§Va, Am§Va{nHo$,
Am§Va‘emJV, IV d nmUr ì`dñWmnZ B. ~m~tMm Adb§~ Imbrbà_mUo H$amdm.
{nH$mMr \o$anmbQ>
H$mnyg, Iarn Ádmar d ^wB©_yJ Aer Ì¡dm{f©H$ {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr. OoWo ^yB©_wJ KoUo eŠ` Zmhr VoWo IarnmV Vya,
_yJ, CS>rX, aã~rV H$aS>B©, Jhÿ, haâm `mgmaIr {nHo$ ¿`mdrV.
noaUrgmR>r {Oam`Vr dmU
Xoer gwYmarV dmU dm`-1, \w$bo-794 (Oo.Eb.E.-794), Oo.Eb.E.-505, Ao.Ho$.E.-5, Ao.Ho$.E.-7, -8, Vwam~,
Ao.Ho$.E. Ao.Ho$.E.- 8401. \w$bo AZ_mob (CÎm_ àVrÀ`m Ym½`mgmR>r), \w$bo YÝd§Var (d¡ÚH$s` Cn`moJmgmR>r).
Xoer g§H$[aV dmU
nr.Ho$.ìhr. Xoer g§H$a -1
A_o[aH$Z gwYm[aV dmU
Eb Ama E 5166, nr.Ho$.ìhr. 081, aOV, aoUwH$m
A_o[aH$Z g§H$[aV dmU
EZ.EM.44, nr.Ho$.ìhr. g§H$a 2, nr.Ho$.ìhr. g§H$a 4, nr.Ho$.ìhr g§H$a 5 nr.Ho$.ìhr g§H$a 6, nr.Ho$.ìhr g§H$a -8
A_o[aH$Z g§H$[aV ~r.Q>r.dmU
_mÝ`Vmàmá H§$nÝ`m§Mo {Oam`VrgmR>r {e\$mag Ho$boë`m dmUm§Mr Amnë`m AZw^dmZwgma {ZdS> H$amdr.
noaUrMr doi
Yyi noaUr
nmdgmMm A§XmO KoD$Z, nmD$g gwé hmoÊ`mÀ`m 7 Vo 8 {Xdg AJmoXa OyZÀ`m n{hë`m qH$dm Xwgè`m AmR>dS>çmV Yyi noaUr
H$amdr. VUm§Mm OmñV CnÐd Agboë`m VgoM Iyn ôJm nS>boë`m O{_ZrV Yyi noaUr H$é Zò.
106 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

noaUr
_¥J ZjÌmMm nwaogm nmD$g nS>ë`mZ§Va åhUOo OwZÀ`m Xwgè`m qH$dm {Vgè`m AmR>dS>çmV bmJdS> eŠ` VodT>çm bdH$a
H$amdr. h§Jm_mVrb nmD$g C{eam gwé Pmë`mg, H$mngmMr bmJdS> Owb¡À`m n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmn`ªV H$amdr. C{eam noaUr
Pmë`mg CËnmXZmV KQ> g§^dVo. hr KQ> H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r C{eam noaUrH$[aVm H$_r H$mbmdYrÀ`m dmUm§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr.
noaUrH$[aVm à{V hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>ŠHo$ OmñV {~`mUo dmnamdo.
noaUrMo A§Va
H$mngmÀ`m CËnmXZmgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>ar PmS>m§Mr g§»`m `mo½` Agmdr Ë`m Ñ{ï>Zo bmJdS>rMo A§Va \$ma _hËdmMo Amho.
H$nmerÀ`m XmoZ AmoirVrb VgoM XmoZ amonm§Vrb A§Va R>a{dVm§Zm O{_ZrMm àH$ma, noaUrMr doi Am{U H$mngmMm dmU BË`mXr
~m~t bú¶mV ¿¶mdmV.
dmU bmJdS>rMo A§Va (g|._r.) O{_ZrMm àH$ma à{V hoŠQ>ar PmS> g§»`m EH$ar PmS>m§Mr g§»`m
Xoer 45 22.5 _Ü`_/^mar 98,7653 9,506

60 15 _Ü`_/^mar 1,11,111 4,444
A_o[aH$Z gwYmarV 60 30 _Ü`_/^mar 55,500 22,200
A_o[aH$Z g§H$[aV 60 60 _Ü`_ 27,777 11,100
90 60 ^mar 18,500 7,400
90 90 ^mar 12,300 4,920
~r.Q>r.dmU 90 60 _Ü`_ 18,500 7,400
(H$moaS>dmhÿ) 90 90 ^mar 12,300 4,920
Am§Va{nHo$
H$nmerMr dmT> gwédmVrÀ`m H$mimV gmdH$me hmoVo. Voìhm XmoZ AmoirVrb _moH$ù`m OmJr H$_r H$mbmdYrMr H$S>YmÝ`
{nHo$ Am§Va{nHo$ åhUyZ KoÊ`mg ânya dmd Amho. Ë`mgmR>r _yJ, CS>rX, gmo`m~rZ `mgmaIr {nHo$ XmoZ Amoit_Üò noaë`mg
H$nmerÀ`m CËnmXZmV {deof KQ> Z hmoVm Am§Va{nH$mMo ~moZg CËnmXZ {_iVo. VgoM EH$mpË_H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZmMm CÔoehr
gmÜ` hmoVmo.
IV ì`dñWmnZ
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ g_mYmZH$maH$ {_iÊ`mgmR>r amgm`{ZH$ IVmMm dmna _mVr narjUmZwgma `mo½` nÕVrZo, `mo½` à_mUmV,
`mo½` doir {e\$maerà_mUo H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. {Oam`Vr H$mngmgmR>r {e\$mag Ho$boë`m amgm`{ZH$ IVm§À`m _mÌm, V³Ë`mV
{Xë`mà_mUo Úmì`mV.
gwYm[aV Xoer dmU {Oam`Vr g§H$[aV dmU A_o[aH$Z g§H$[aV dmU ~r. Q>r. g§H$[aV dmU
A. ({H$.J°«‘/ho) ({H$.J°«‘/ho) ({H$.J°«‘/ho) ({H$.J°«‘/ho)
IVo XoÊ`mMr doi
Z§.
ZÌ ñ’w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ’w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ’w$aX nmbme ZÌ ñ’w$aX nmbme
1) noaUrÀ`m doir 25 25 25 16 40 40 20 50 50 25 65 65
2) noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr 25 -- -- 32 -- -- 40 -- -- 50 -- --
3) noaUrZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§Zr -- -- -- 32 -- -- 40 -- -- 50 -- --
EHy$U ({H$.J«°_/ho.) 50 25 25 80 40 40 100 50 50 125 65 65
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 107

{daiUr d Zm§Jo âUo
H$mngmMr bmJdS> Pmë`mZ§Va 7 Vo 8 {Xdgm§Zr Zm§½`m ^éZ ¿`mì`mV. `mH$[aVm dmnamd`mMo {~`mUo 6 Vo 8 Vmg nmÊ`mV
{ÔV Kmbmdo åhUOo CJdU bdH$a hmoVo. noaUrZ§Va {daiUrMo H$m_ VrZ AmR>dS>çm§À`m AmV g§ndmdo. Q>moH$U Ho$boë`m
H$nmerV àËòH$ \w$brda EH$ Omo_Xma PmS> R>odyZ {daiUr H$amdr.
Am§Va_emJV
H$nmerÀ`m {nH$mV _mVrMr â d Amobmdm {Q>Hy$Z R>odÊ`mgmR>r O{_ZrV hdm IoiVr amhÿZ _yim§Zm Amdí`H$ Agbobm
àmUdm`y ânya à_mUmV {_iÊ`mgmR>r d VU{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Am§Va_emJV \$ma _hËdmMr Amho. Ë`mH$[aVm noaUrZ§Va 3 Vo 4
AmR>dS>çm§Zr 3 Vo 4 H$moinÊ`m, 2 Vo 3 doim qZXUr H$éZ eoV VU{dahrV R>odmdo. VgoM amgm`{ZH$ VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
noaUrZ§Va d CJdUrnydu S>m``wam°Z (h°ŠPm`yam°Z) ho VUZmeH$ 1 {H$bmo J«°_ {H«$`merb KQ>H$ qH$dm n|S>r_o{WbrZ (ñQ>m°ån)
qH$dm \$ë`wŠbmoa°brZ (~mgmbrZ) 0.75 Vo 1 {H$bmo J«°_ {H«$`merb KQ>H$ à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ O{_Zrda
g_à_mUmV \$dmaUr H$éZ dmnamdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
Am°JñQ> d gßQ>|~a _{hÝ`mV nmdgmMm VmU nS>V Agë`mZo H$mnyg {nH$mÀ`m _hËdmÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoV g§a{jV
nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Ë`mgmR>r {Oam`Vr H$mngmV nmÊ`mMr gmo` Agë`mg Imbrb à_mUo _hËdmÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoV
g§a{jV nmUr Úmdo.
1. nmVo YaÊ`mMr AdñWm (noaUrZ§Va 35-40 {Xdgm§Zr)
2. \w$bo òVm§Zm (noaUrZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§Zr)
3. ~m|So> YaÊ`mMr d narn¹$ hmoÊ`mMr AdñWm (noaUrZ§Va 90 Vo 100 {Xdgm§Zr)
Xoer H$nmerMm dmU : \w$bo YÝd§Var (Ama.EM.E.Ama.~r.-02-1)
d¡ÚH$s` CnMma nÕVr_Üò g{O©H$b H$mnyg åhUyZ Cn`moJmH$arVm {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m dmUmMo éB©Mr nmUr
emofÊ`mMr j_Vm (A°~gm°~©Ýgr) (1.9 goH§$X), emofbobo nmUr gmoS>Ê`mMr H$_r j_Vm (qgqH$J Q>mB©_) (2 goH§$X)
Am{U nmUr YéZ R>odÊ`mMr j_Vm (26.7 J«°_/J«°_) dm`-1 `m àM{bV dmUmnojm gag (AZwH«$_o 6.5 goH§$X, 8.5
goH§$X Am{U 25.0 J«°_/J«°_)- \w$bo YÝd§Var `m dmUmZo H$mngmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ (1420 {H$/ho) {Xbo AgyZ, Vo dm`-1
(1233 {H$/ho) Am{U Oo Eb E-794 (1314 {H$/ho) `m Xoer àM{bV dmUmÀ`m VwbZoV AZwH«$_o 22.24 Am{U 8.06
Q>ŠHo$ A{YH$.- OrdmUyOÝ` H$anm amoJmg à{VH$maH$ Am{U ~waerOÝ` H$anm amoJmg d X{h`m `m amoJmg _Ü`_ à{VH$maH$ VgoM
ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tZm Am{U ~m|S> Aù`m§Zm ghZerb.- amï´>r` nmXn AZwd§{eH$ g§gmYZ ã`wamo (EZ ~r nr Or Ama, Zdr
{Xëbr) òWo d¡{eï>nyU© JwUY_© Agbobm dmU åhUyZ Zm|XUr (Zm|XUr H«$_m§H$ Am` EZ Or Ama 03072)
Xoer H$nmerMm dmU : \w$bo AZ_mob (AmaEgr-024)
doJdoJù`m MmMÊ`m§A§VJ©V \w$bo AZ_mob (AmaEgr-024) `m dmUmZo Ym½`mMr bm§~r d VmH$X gdm}ËH¥$ï> Zm|X{dbr.
gZ 2004-05 Am{U 2010-11 doJdoJù`m MmMÊ`m§VJ©V `m dmUmZo gamgar Ym½`mMr bm§~r (26.9 {_._r.) VmH$X
(22.6 Or/Q>oŠg) VgoM Vb_Vm (4.7) Zm|Xdbr.
XmoZ gbJ df© nmÊ`mMm VmU AgVm§Zm KoÊ`mV Amboë`m MmMÊ`m§_Üò h[aVbdH$m§Mo H$_r hmoÊ`mMo à_mU H$_r Am{U
OmñV nmÊ`mMo à_mU AmT>ië`mZo Adf©U à{VH$maj_ åhUyZ Zm|X.
doJdoJù`m ñWm{ZH$ VgoM ~hþñWm{Z` MmMÊ`m§VJ©V \w$bo AZ_mob AmaEgr-024 (1305 {H$/ho) `m dmUmZo
Oo.Eb.E.-794 (1077 {H$./ho) dmUmnojm 21.16 Q>ŠHo$ A{YH$ CËnmXZ Zm|Xdbo.
X{h`m `m amoJmg nwU© à{VH$maH$ Am{U OrdmUyOÝ` H$anm Am{U ~waerOÝ` H$anm amoJmg à{VH$maH$ VgoM ag emofUmè`m
{H$S>tZm à{VH$maH$.
108 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Mmam {nHo$
Mmam {nHo$
Mmam {nH$m§‘Üò EH$Xb VgoM {ÛXb àH$mamVrb {d{dY Mmam {nH$m§Mm, JdVmMm d PmS>PwS>nm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo
Xw½Yì`dgm`mV OZmdam§gmR>r Mmam {nH$m§Zm AZÝ`gmYmaU ‘hÎd Amho.
{d{dY Mmam {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> V§ÌkmZm{df`rMr _m{hVr Imbrb à_mUo
Ádmar
bmJdS> nÕV ‘m{hVr
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, Mm§Jbr {ZMam hmoUmar
nyd©‘emJV 1 Zm§JaQ>, 2 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^wgrV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU ê${Mam, \w$bo A‘¥Vm, ‘mbXm§S>r 35-1, \w$bo JmoYZ (gr.Eg.ìhr. 30-E\$), Eg.Eg.Or.
59-3, gr.Eg.ìhr.-30 E\$ (Eg.nr.ìhr-2057)
noaUrMr doi Iarn … OyZ-Owb¡, aã~r … gßQ>|~a - Am°ŠQ>mo~a, CÝhmir … \o$~«wdmar - ‘mM©
noaUrMr nÕV nmârZo 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda noaUr H$amdr.
{~`mUo 40 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
~rO à{H«$`m A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a {OdmUy g§dY©Z IV 250 J«°‘ à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu Mmoimdo.
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 10-12 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 100 {H$bmo ZÌ … 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX … 40 {H$bmo
nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 50 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 ${H$bmo nmbme
noaUrÀ`m doir d 50 {H$bmo ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV EH$ IwanUr d EH$ H$moinUr H$ê$Z eoV VU{dahrV R>odmdo
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ IarnmV 15 {Xdgm§Zr, aã~r‘Üò 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV 7 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr
nmUr> Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ImoS> ‘mer - IarnmV 7 Owb¡nydu noaUr H$amdr. ~rOà{H«$¶m noaUrÀ¶m doir Wm¶mo‘oWmo³Pm‘
(H«w$Pa) 2 J«°‘ /{H$bmo {~¶mÊ¶mg Mmoimdo AWdm p³dZm°b’$m°g 25 B. gr. 350 {‘br.250
{b/ho³Q>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ CJdUrZ§Va 10 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo d Xþgar ’$dmaUr p³dZm°b’$m°g
25 B.gr. 700 {‘br, 500 {b/ho. nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ n{hë¶m ’$dmaUrZ§Va 10 {Xdgm§Zr
H$amdr. ImoS> {H$S> qH$dm ‘mdm Agë¶mg 5% qZ~moir AH$m©Mr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
H$mnUr 50 Q>¸o$ nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV (65-70 {Xdgm§Zr) AgVmZm H$mnUr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ {haì`m Mmè`mMo 500 Vo 550 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a
{deof ~m~ à{WZo 8 Vo 10 Q>¸o$
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 109

~mOar
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘, Mm§Jbr, {ZMam hmoUmar
nyd©‘emJV 1 Zm§JaQ>, 2 Hw$iì`mÀ`m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^wgrV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU Om`§Q> ~mOam, ~m`\$ ~mOam
noaUrMr doi Iarn … OyZ - Owb¡, CÝhmir … \o$~«wdmar - ‘mM©
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 10-12 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 90 {H$bmo ZÌ … 40 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX … 30 {H$bmo nmbme à{V
hoŠQ>ar Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 45 {H$bmo ZÌ, 40 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 30 {H$bmo nmbme noaUrÀ`mdoir d 45 {H$bmo
ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ IarnmV 15 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV 7 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr >Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ImoS> ‘mer - IarnmV 7 Owb¡nydu noaUr H$amdr. H$m§S>rda H$sS> {Xgy bmJVmM ‘°bm{WAm°Z
5 Q>¸o$ ^wH$Q>r 20 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar Ywaimdr.
{deof ~m~ à{WZo - 7 Vo 9 Q>¸o$
‘H$m
gwYm[aV dmU Am{\«$H$Z Q>m°b, ‘m§Oar H§$nmoPrQ>, {dO`, J§Jm g\o$X-2
noaUrMr doi Iarn … OyZ - Owb¡, aã~r … Am°ŠQ>mo~a - Zmoìh|~a, CÝhmir … \o$~«wdmar - ‘mM©
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 10-12 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 100 {H$bmo ZÌ … 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX … 50 {H$bmo nmbme
à{V hoŠQ>a Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 50 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 50 {H$bmo nmbme noaUrÀ`m doir d
50 {H$bmo ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
110Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nmUr ì`dñWmnZ IarnmV 15 {Xdgm§Zr, aã~r‘Üò 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV 7 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr
Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ImoS> {H$S>m - IarnmV 7 Owb¡nydu noaUr H$amdr.
AmoQ>
gwYm[aV dmU \w$bo h[aVm, H|$Q>, Oo.EM. Amo. 822
noaUrMr doi Am°ŠQ>mo~a- Zmoìh|~a
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 10-12 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 100 {H$bmo ZÌ … 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX … 40 {H$bmo nmbme à{V
hoŠQ>a Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 35 {H$bmo ZÌ, 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 {H$bmo nmbme noaUrÀ`m doir, 35 {H$bmo
ZÌ noaUrZ§Va 25 {Xdgm§Zr d 30 {H$bmo ZÌ n{hë`m H$mnUrZ§Va à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV EH$ IwanUr 30 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ‘mdm - qZ~moir AH©$ 5 Q>¸o$ \$dmamdo.
H$mnUr n{hbr H$mnUr 50 {Xdgm§Zr d Xwgar H$mnUr n{hë`m H$mnUrZ§Va 35 {Xdgm§Zr AWdm 50%
\w$bmoè`mV AgVm§Zr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ {haì`m Mmè`mMo 500 Vo 600 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar (XmoZ H$mnÊ`mÛmao)
~agr‘ (KmoS>m Kmg)

bmJdS> nÕV ‘m{hV§r
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 111

gwYm[aV dmU daXmZ, ‘oñH$mdr, Oo.~r. 1, Oo. EM. ~r. 146
noaUrMr doi Am°ŠQ>mo~a - Zmoìh|~a
noaUrMr nÕV 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda noaUr H$amdr.
~rO à{H«$`m am`Pmo{~`‘ {OdmUy g§dY©Z IV 250 J«°‘ à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu Mmoimdo
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 5-7 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 20 {H$bmo ZÌ, 80 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 {H$bmo nmbme
à{V hoŠQ>ar noaUrnydu Úmdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo
nrH$ g§ajU bgwU KmgmV Z‘yX Ho$ë`mà‘mUo Adb§~ H$amdm.
H$mnUr 1 br H$mnUr noaUrZ§Va 45-50 {Xdgm§Zr d Z§VaÀ`m H$mnÊ`m 21-25 {Xdgm§Zr H$amì`mV.
CËnmXZ {haì`m Mmè`mMo 600 Vo 800 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a (3-4 H$mnÊ`m)
{deof ~m~ à[WZo - 17 Vo 19 Q>¸o$
bgyU Kmg
nyd©‘emJV 1 Zm§JaQ>, 2 Vo 3 Hw$iì`mÀ`m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^wgrV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU Ama.Eb. 88, {gagm-9, AmZ§X-2
noaUrMr doi Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo Zmoìh|~a
noaUrMr nÕV 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda noaUr H$amdr
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 15-20 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 20 {H$bmo ZÌ, 80 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 40 {H$bmo nmbme
noaUrnydu> Úmdo. Ë`mZ§Va àËòH$ 4 H$mnÊ`mZ§Va 20 {H$bmo ZÌ d 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX (qH$dm 100
{H$bmo S>r.E.nr.) à{V hoŠQ>a> Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV JaOoZwgma H$mnUrZ§Va IwanUr d VrZ H$mnUrZ§Va H$moinUr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ Iarn‘Üò 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr d aã~r h§Jm‘mV 10 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmir h§Jm_mV 8 Vo 10
{Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ‘mdm 5% qZ~moir AH©$ ’$dmamdo
EH$mpË‘H$ {H$S> bgwUKmgmMo ~rOmoËnmXZmgmR>r Imbrbà‘mUo EH$mpË‘H$ {H$S> ì¶dñWmnZmMm Adb§~ H$amdm.
ì¶dñWmnZ 1.’w$bo d e|Jm ImUmè¶m AirMm àmXþ^m©d {XgwZ ¶oVmM EM.E.EZ.nr.ìhr ho³Q>ar 500 {‘br
nmÊ¶mVyZ g§Ü¶mH$mir ’$dmaUr H$amdr 2. Q´>m¶H$moJ«m‘m {MbmoZrg ¶m namonOrdr {H$Q>H$m§Mo
1,00,000 {H$Q>H$ à{V ho³Q>a ¶m à‘mUmV àgmaU H$amdo. Xþgao àgmaU n{hë¶m àgmaUmZ§Va 8
{Xdgm§Zr H$amdo. 3. ~r.Q>r. 1 {H$. à{V ho³Q>ar ¶m à‘mUmV 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVwZ namonOrdr
{H$Q>H$m§À¶m àgmaUmZ§Va 8 {XdgmZo ’$dmamdo 4. Q>r AmH$mamMo 15 njr Wm§~o à{V ho³Q>a ¶m
à‘mUmV eoVmV C^mamdo
H$mnUr n{hbr H$mnUr noaUrZ§Va 50 {Xdgm§Zr d Z§VaÀ`m H$mnÊ`m 21-25 {Xdgm§Zr H$amì`mV.
{~OmoËnmXZ KoVmZm {XS> dfm©n`ªV {haì`m Mmè`mMr H$mnUr H$amdr. Ë`mZ§Va _mM© _{hÝ`mÀ`m
eodQ>À`m AmR>dS>çmnmgyZ _o _{hÝ`mn`ªV n{hë`m§Xm {~`mÊ`mMo CËnmXZ ¿`mdo. d nwÝhm nwT>rb dfu
_mM© _{hÝ`mV Xþgè`m§Xm {~OmoËnmXZ ¿`mdo.
CËnmXZ {haì`m Mmè`mMo 1000 Vo 1200 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a (10-12 H$mnÊ`m)
{deof ~m~ à{WZo - 19 Vo 22 Q>¸$o
112Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Mdir
nyd©‘emJV 1 Zm§JaQ>, 2 Vo 3 Hw$idmÀ¶m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^wgrV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU ídoVm, B.gr. 4216, ~w§Xob bmo~r`m, `w.nr.gr. 5286
noaUrMr doi Iarn … OyZ-Am°JñQ>, CÝhmir … \o$~«wdmar-E{àb
noaUrMr nÕV 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda nmârZo noaUr H$amdr
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 5-7 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 20 {H$bmo ZÌ … 40 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX noaUrnydu Úmdo
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ IarnmV 15 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmù`mV 7 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU ‘mdm, nmZo d e|Jm ImUmè¶m Amù¶m§À`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r qZ~moir AH©$ 5% ’$dmamdo.
H$mnUr noaUrZ§Va 60-65 {Xdgm§Zr H$mnUr H$amdr.
g§H$[aV Zo[nà JdV

O‘rZ H$gXma, ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, Mm§Jbr {ZMam hmoUmar
nyd©‘emJV 1 Imob Zm§JaQ>, 3 Vo 4 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^wgrV H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU \w$bo O`d§V (Ama.~r.EZ. 13)
noaUrMr doi Iarn … OyZ-Am°JñQ>, CÝhmir … \o$~«wdmar-‘mM©
noaUr 9060 g|.‘r. A§Vamda bmJdS> H$amdr.
{~`mUo EH$m OmJr EH$ R>m|~ bmdë`mg 18, 500 R>m|~o/hoŠQ>ar
IVo à{V hoŠQ>ar 20-25 ~¡bJmS>çm eoUIV, 150 {H$bmo ZÌ … 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX … 40 {H$bmo
nmbme à{V hoŠQ>a Úmdo. `mn¡H$s 50 {H$bmo ZÌ, 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 20 {H$bmo nmbme à{V
hoŠQ>a noaUrnwdu Úmdo. 20 {H$bmo ZÌ 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 20 {H$bmo nmbme ~m§YUrÀ`m dir
Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV àËòH$ H$mnUrZ§Va IwanUr H$amdr
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU hþ‘Ur … E{àb-‘o ‘{hÝ¶mV PmS>mndarb ^w§Joao ’$m§Úm hbdyZ Jmoim H$ê$Z am°Ho$b {‘lrV nmÊ¶mV
Q>mHy$Z Zme H$amdm.
H$mnUr n{hbr H$mnUr noaUrZ§Va 60 {Xdgm§Zr d Z§VaÀ`m H$mnÊ`m 45-50 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo
H$amì`mV.
CËnmXZ {haì`m Mmè`mMo 1000 Vo 1500 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar à{V df©
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 113

ñQ>m`bmo
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘, Mm§Jbr {ZMam hmoUmar
nyd©‘emJV EImXr Hw$idUr H$ê$Z noaUr H$amdr.
gwYm[aV dmU \w$bo H«$m§Vr
noaUrMr doi OyZ - Owb¡
noaUr 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda H$mH$è`m ‘mê$Z ~r Q>mH$mdo AWdm ~r \$o$Hy$Z noaUr H$amdr. noaUrZ§Va {~`mUo
‘mVrZo PmHy$ Zò.
~rO à{H«$`m am`Pmo{~`‘ {OdmUy g§dY©Z IV 250 J«°‘ à{V 10 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu Mmoimdo.
IVo 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX à{V hoŠQ>a noaUrnydu Úmdo d àËòH$ dfu Owb¡-Am°JñQ> ‘{hÝ`mV 50 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX
à{V hoŠQ>a Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV noaUrZ§Va EH$ IwanUr H$ê$Z eoV VU{dahrV R>odmdo
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ JaOoZwgma nmUr Úmdo.
H$mnUr dfm©VyZ {H$‘mZ 2 H$mnÊ`m H$amì`mV
{deof ~m~ à[WZo - 12 Vo 14 Q>¸o$
‘madob JdV
bmJdS> nÕV {Oam¶V
gwYm[aV dmU ’w$bo ‘madob - 06-40
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü¶‘
nyd©‘emJV Zm§JaQ> d 1 doim Hw$idUr XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$amdr.
noaUrMr doi OyZ - Am°JñQ>
noaUr 45x30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda R>m|~mZo bmJdS> H$amdr.
{~`mUo 75000 R>m|~o à{V hoŠQ>ar
IVo 30 {H$bmo ZÌ, 30 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX, 20 {H$bmo nmbme noaUrnydu Úmdo. àËòH$ H$mnUrZ§Va 30 {H$bmo
ZÌ Úmdo (40 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr).
Am§Va‘emJV noaUrZ§Va EH$ IwanUr H$ê$Z eoV VU{dahrV R>odmdo
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ H$moaS>dmhÿ
H$mnUr dfm©VyZ {H$‘mZ 2 H$mnÊ`m H$amì`mV. (H$moaS>dmhÿ)
{deof ~m~ Hw$aU {dH$mgmgmR>r
114Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘madob JdV
bmJdS> nÕV ~mJm¶Vr
gwYm[aV dmU ’w$bo JmodY©Z
O‘rZ ‘Ü¶‘ Vo ^mar, H$gXma d CËV‘ {ZMè¶mMr O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr.
nyd©‘emJV Zm§JaQ> d 1 doim Hw$idUr XoD$Z O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$amdr.
noaUrMr doi nmdgmù¶mV OyZ Vo Am°JñQ> … CÝhmù¶mV ’o$~«wdmar-‘mM©
noaUr 45x30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda XmoZ S>moio Agbobr H$m§S>r AmoirV EH$ S>moim O{‘ZrV d EH$ S>moim
O{‘Zrda amhrb Aem [aVrZo bmdmdo.
{~`mUo 75000 XmoZ S>moio H$m§S>r à{V hoŠQ>ar
IVo 30 {H$bmo ZÌ, 40 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX, 20 {H$bmo nmbme noaUrnydu Úmdo d àËòH$ H$mnUrZ§Va 30
{H$bmo ZÌ Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV {nH$mÀ¶m gwê$dmVrÀ¶m dmT>rÀ¶m H$mimV EH$ qH$dm XmoZ IwanÊ¶m XoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ nmdgmù¶mV JaO ^mgë¶mg Va CÝhmù¶mV 10-15 {Xdgm§Zr nmÊ¶mÀ¶m nmù¶m Úmì¶mV.
{nH$ g§ajU hþ‘Ur … E{àb-‘o ‘{hÝ¶mV PmS>mndarb ^w§Joao ’$m§Úm hbdyZ Jmoim H$ê$Z am°Ho$b {‘lrV nmÊ¶mV
Q>mHy$Z Zme H$amdm.
H$mnUr dfm©VyZ {H$‘mZ 6-8 H$mnÊ`m H$amì`mV.
eoVrÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ ‘m{hVrgmR>r dmMm

$ $
‘hmË‘m \w$co H¥$[f {dÚmnrR>mMo {Z`VH$m{bH$
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
‘hmË‘m \w$co H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar - 413 722
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 115

\$i {nHo$
amÁ`mV amoOJma h‘r `moOZoer {ZJS>rV \$bmoËnmXZ {dH$mg H$m`©H«$‘ gZ 1990-91 nmgyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV am~{dÊ`mV
Ambm Am{U VoìhmnmgyZ \$i~mJmImbrb joÌmV ârd dmT> Pmbr Amho. Joë`m XeH$mV \$i~mJmImbrb joÌmV 300 Vo
400 Q>¸o$ BVH$s dmT> Pmbr AgyZ gÜ`m amÁ`mV 13.5 bj hoŠQ>a joÌ \$i~mJmImbr AgyZ Ë`mnmgyZ gw‘mao 11.5 Xebj
Q>Z CËnmXZ hmoVo. ‘hmamï´´> amÁ`m‘Üò EHy$U ‘w»` \$i{nH$mImbrb joÌmn¡H$s Am§~m, g§Ìr, H$mOy, Ðmj d {M¸y$ `m§Mm dmQ>m
AZwH«$‘o 25.13, 14.97, 12.40, 11.94 d 12.40 Q>¸o$ BVH$m Amho. ‘hmamï>´> amÁ`mÀ`m S>mqi~, Ðmjo d Ho$ir `m
\$i{nH$mImbr AgUmè`m joÌmn¡H$s AZwH«$‘o$93, 95 d 75 Q>¸o$ dmQ>m hm npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>mMm Agë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. ^maVmVrb
à‘wI \$i{nH$mImbrb joÌm‘Üò Ðmj, g§Ìr d Ho$ir `m \$i{nH$m§Mm ‘hmamï>´> amÁ`mMm {hñgm AZwH«$‘o 74 Q>¸o$ (0.29 bmI
hoŠQ>a), g§Ìr 56 Q>¸o$ (0.92 bmI hoŠQ>a) d Ho$ir 14 Q>¸o$ (0.72 bmI hoŠQ>a) Agë`mMo {XgVo. XoemVrb EHy$U Ðmjo d
Ho$ir CËnmXZmn¡H$s AZwH«$‘o 65 Q>¸o$ d 50 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZ EH$Q>çm ‘hmamï´´>mV hmoVo.
Am§~m
 O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar àVrMr, 1.5 Vo 2.0 ‘r. Imb o rMr, nmÊ`mMm MmJ§bm {ZMam hmUomar
 gYwm[aV d gH§$[aV OmVr … H$oea, aËZm, hmngy, qgY,y nmàr, bJ§S>m, dZamO, VmVomnawr, gmB-©gJwY§, gdwUm,© ’$wbo
 A{^éMr (bmUoÀ¶mÀ¶m H$¡è¶mg§mR>r)
 bmJdS> AV§a … 1010 ‘rQ>a ^mar O{‘ZrV, 99 ‘rQ>a ‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV, bmJdS>rgmR>r H$b‘mM§m dmna H$amdm.
111 ‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o KDo$Z eUoIV (40-50{H$.) + nmòQ>m ‘mVr + qgJb gnwa \$mñ°\$oQ>
(2 {H$bm)o {‘lUmZo âmdVo. KZ bmJdS> H$amd¶mMr Pmë¶mg 55 ‘r. AV§amda H$amdr.
 AmV§anrH$ … ~mJVo 5 dfmn©`Vª ^mOrnmbm, {ÛXb, eJ|dJu`, YM¢m, VmJ hr {nH$o AmV§a{nH$o åhUZy KVom `VomV.
 IVmM § r ‘mÌm … nmdgmù`mV nUy© dmT> Pmbëo`m PmS>mg Xadfu 50 {H$. eUoIV + 1500 J‘°« ZÌ + 500 J‘°« ñ\$waX
500 J‘°« nmbme Úmd.o nH¡$s ZÌmMm hám Ob w ¡ d gßQ>~|a‘Üò XmZo g‘mZ hßË`mV {d^mJZy Úmdm. Va
ñ\$waX d nmbme Ob w ‘¡Üò EH$mM hßË`mV Úmd.o
 nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … nmÊ`mMr CnbãYVm Agë`mg \$iYmaUZoV§a 3 Vo 4 nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
 H$sS> d amJo … ~mS§>Ji
w o H$mT>mdrV. ‘mhoamMo ga§jUmgmR>r 1.5% Šbmaomnomàr\$mg° S>ñQ> 20 {H$bmo `m à_mUmV 4 Vo 5 di
o m
{Z`Ì§U YawiUr H$amdr. dmibëo`m amJoJñ«V \$mÚ§m H$mS>yZ Zï> H$amì`mV.
A.Z.§ \$dmaUr doi {H$S>/ amoJ {Z`§ÌU

1 n{hbr \$dmaUr S>moio \w$Q>VmM H$anm A°Pm°ŠPrñQ´>m°~rZ 23% Eg.gr. 10{_br/10 {b. nmÊ`mV {_giyZ
\$dmaUr H$amdr.
2 Xþgar \$dmaUr n{hë¶m VwS>VwS>o+^war B{‘S>°ŠbmoàrS> 17.8 Eb.Eb. 3 {‘.br. /10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
’$dmaUr Z§Va 2 AmR>dS>çm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
3 Vrgar \$dmaUr Xþgè¶m ^war gë\$a 80% S>ãë`w nr 20 J«°./10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ
’$mdmaUr Z§Va 2 AmR>dS>çm§Zr \$dmaUr H$amdo.
4 Mm¡Wr \$dmaUr Vrgè¶m ^war {S>ZmoH°$n 48% B©.gr. 5 {_br/10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ
’$dmaUr Z§Va 25 {Xdgm§Zr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
5 nmMdr \$dmaUr Mm¡Ï¶m VwS>VwS>o+^war pñnZmog°S> 45 Eg.gr.> 3 {‘.br. d EImXo ~waerZmeH$
’$dmaUr Z§Va 2 AmR>dS>çm§Zr (CXm. noZH$m°Z°Pmob 10% B©.gr. 5{_br/10 {b. nmUr)
JmdR>r Am§~m PmS>mMo gwYm[aV OmVrV énm§Va H$aUo … npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>m‘Ü¶o Am§ã¶mÀ¶m JmdR>r d AZwËnmXH$ PmS>m§Mo gwYmarV
OmVr‘Ü¶o ê$nm§Va H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Am§ã¶mMr PmS>o Zmoìh|~a-{S>g|~a ¶m H$mbmdYrV O{‘ZrnmgyZ 2 ‘r. C§Mrda N>mQy>Z ’$m§Úmdarb
ZdrZ ’w$Q>ì¶m§da AZwH«$‘o ’o$~«wdmar-‘mM© ‘{hÝ¶m‘Ü¶o Ho$ea dmUmMo nmMa H$b‘ H$amdo.
116Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Ho$ir
O‘rZ … Ho$irgmR>r ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, ânwa g|Ðr` nXmW© AgUmar, nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ
`mo½` AgVo. O{‘ZrMm gm‘y 6.5 Vo 8.0 À`m Xaå`mZ Agmdm. jma`wº$ MmonU d MwZIS>r¶wº$
O{‘ZrV Ho$irMr bmJdS> H$ê$ Zò.
bmJdS> h§Jm‘ … ‘¥J ~mJ (OyZ-Owb¡ bmJdS>), H$m§Xo ~mJ (Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a bmJdS>)
Ho$irMo dmU … 1) ~gamB© 2) lr‘§Vr 3) J«°S> Z¡Z
Ho$ir bmJdS>rMo A§Va
Mm¡ag nÕV … 1.5 1.5 ‘r. (hoŠQ>ar 4,444 PmS>o)
Ho$ir H§$X {ZdS> d à{H«$`m … Ho$ir bmJdS>rgmR>r H§$X ‘wZdo {ZamoJr Am{U OmVrd§V ~mJoVyZM {ZdS>mdo. H§$X 3 Vo 4 ‘{hZo
d`mMo, 450 Vo 750 J«°.dOZmMo Am{U C^Q> qH$dm ZmaimÀ`m AmH$mamMo AgmdoV. H§$Xmda 3-
4 [a¨Jm R>odyZ Imbrb ~mOyZo daModa H§$X VmgyZ ¿`mdm. bmJdS>rgmR>r AmVm C{V g§d{Y©V
amonm§Mmhr n`m©` CnbãY Amho. C{Vg§d{Y©V amono EH$ gma»`m dmT>rMo, 30 Vo 45
go‘r C§MrMo Am{U {H$‘mZ 6 Vo 7 nmZo Agbobr AgmdrV.
IV ì`dñWmnZ … g|Ðr` IVo … eoU IV - 10 {H$bmo/PmS> qH$dm, Jm§Sy>i IV- 5 {H$bmo/PmS>
O¡drH$ IVo … A°Pmopñnarb‘ - 25 J«°‘/PmS> d nr.Eg.~r.-25 J«°‘/PmS> Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m doir
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … Ho$irgmR>r à{V PmS>mg 200 J«°‘ ZÌ, 40 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX d 200 J«°‘ nmbme XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag
H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. O{‘ZrVyZ amgm`{ZH$ IVo XoVm§Zm Ë`m§Mm A{YH$ H$m`©j‘nUo Cn`moJ
hmoÊ`mgmR>r Imob ~m§JS>r nÕVrZo qH$dm H$mobr KodyZ IVo >Úmdr.
Vº$m 1 - Ho$irgmR>r O{‘ZrVyZ amgm`{ZH$ IV XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$ (J«°‘/PmS>)

A.Z. IV ‘mÌm XoÊ`mMr doi `w[a`m qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
1 bmJdS>rZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Mo AmV 82 250 83
2 bmJdS>rZ§Va 75 {Xdgm§Zr 82 - -
4 bmJdS>rZ§Va 165 {Xdgm§Zr 82 - 83
EHy$U 435 250 332
(* VŠË`mV {Xboë`m IV ‘mÌoV ‘mVr n[ajU AhdmbmZwgma `mo½` Vo ~Xb H$amdo.)
’$Q>uJoeZ : Ho$irÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r d IVm§Mr H$m¶©j‘Vm dmT>{dÊ¶mgmR>r ZÌ d nmbme¶wº$ IVm§À¶m {e’$maerV
‘mÌoÀ¶m 75 Q>¸o$ ‘mÌm {R>~§H$ qgMZmVyZ XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambobr Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 117

Vº$m 2 - Ho$irgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ IV XoÊ`mMo doimnÌH$ (’$Q>uJoeZ)
A.Z. AmR>dS>o hOma PmS>m§gmR>r IVm§Mr ‘mÌm ({H$bmo à{V AmR>dS>m)
`w[a`m å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
1 1 Vo 16 (16) 6.5 3
2 17 Vo 28 (12) 13 8.5
3 29 Vo 40 (12) 5.5 7
4 41 Vo 44 (4) -- 5
ñ\w$aXmMr g§nyU© ‘mÌm 250 J«°‘ qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d 10 {H$bmo eoUIV Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m doir O{‘ZrVyZ Úmdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
Ho$ir {nH$mg EHy$U 1800 Vo 2200 {‘.‘r. nmUr bmJVo. Ho$irgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ AË`§V Cn`wº$ AgyZ, {R>~H$
qgMZmgmR>r gyú‘ ZbrH$m (‘m`H«$moQ>çw~) nÕVrnojm {S´>na qH$dm BZbmB©Z S´>rnaMm dmna H$aUo A{YH$ `mo½`
AgVo.~mînr^dZmMm doJ, O{‘ZrMr àVdmar, dmT>rMr AdñWm B.~m~tda Ho$irMr nmÊ`mMr JaO Adb§~yZ AgVo.
qgMZmgmR>r nmÊ¶mMr CnbãYVm ‘¶m©{XV Agë¶mg Ho$ir {nH$mMr nmUr dmnaÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Am{U nmÊ¶mMr CËnmXH$Vm
dmT>{dÊ¶mgmR>r ‘Ü¶‘ Imob H$mù¶m O{‘ZrV Ho$ir bmJdS>rZ§Va 1 Vo 5 ‘{hÝ¶m§n¶©V 60 Q>¸o$ ~mînUm©oËgO©ZmMr nyV©Vm
H$aÊ¶mEdT>o nmUr, 6 Vo 8 ‘{hÝ¶m§n¶©V 70 Q>¸o$ ~mînnUm©oËgOm©Mr nyV©Vm H$aÊ¶mEdT>o nmUr Am{U 9 Vo 12 ‘{hÝ¶mn¶ªV 80
Q>¸o$ ~mînUm©oËgO©ZmMr nyV©Vm H$aÊ¶mEdT>o nmUr {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
Vº$m 3 - Ho$irgmR>r nmÊ`mMr JaO ({b.à{V PmS> à{V {Xdg)
‘¥J~mJ Ho$irgmR>r H$m§Xo~mJ Ho$irgmR>r
‘{hZm nmÊ`mMr JaO ‘{hZm nmÊ`mMr JaO
OyZ 06 Am°ŠQ>mo~a 04-06
Owb¡ 05 Zmoìh|~a 04
Am°JñQ> 06 {S>g|~a 06
gßQ>|~a 08 OmZodmar 08-10
Am°ŠQ>mo~a 10-12 \$o~«wdmar 10-12
Zmoìh|~a 10 ‘mM© 16-18
{S>g|~a 10 E{àb 18-20
OmZodmar 10 ‘o 22
\o$~«wdmar 12 OyZ 12
‘mM© 16-18 Owb¡ 14
E{àb 20-22 Am°JñQ> 14-16
‘o 25-28 gßQ>|~a 14-16
(darb nmÊ`mMr ‘mÌm ‘mJX©eH©$ AgZy hdm‘mZ, O{‘ZrMm àH$ma d {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWm `mZgwma `m½o` Vmo ~Xb H$amdm.)
118Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Am§Va‘emJV
Ho$ir ~mJ ñdÀN> R>odÊ¶mgmR>r C^r AmS>dr Hw$idUr doirM H$amdr. bmJdS>rZ§Va 3-4 ‘{hÝ¶mn¶ªV Aer Hw$idUr
H$aVm ¶oVo. Xa 3 ‘{hZo A§VamZo {Q>MUr ~m§YUr H$amdr. PmS>m§Zm ‘mVrMr â Úmdr. Ho$irMr {n„o YmaXma H$mo¶Ë¶mZo {Z¶{‘V
H$mT>mdrV. Ho$irMr amoJJ«ñV nmZo H$mnyZ ~mJo~mhoa Zï> H$amdrV. {hadr nmZo H$mny Z¶o. PmS>o nSy> Zò åhUyZ JaOoà‘mUo ~m§~yÀ`m
H$mR>çm qH$dm nm°bràm°nrbrZÀ`m nÅ>`m§À`m ghmæ`mZo PmS>m§Zm AmYma Úmdm.
Ho$ir KS>mMr JwUdÎmm dmT>{dUo
* KS> nwU© {Zgdë`mda Ho$i\y$b doirM H$mnmdo.
* KS>mda 8 Vo 9 ’$Ê¶m R>odyZ ~mH$s ImbÀ¶m ’$Ê¶m YmaXma {dirZo gwadmVrbmM H$mnwZ Q>mH$mì¶mV.
* Ho$irMm KS> nyU© {Zgdë`mda d Ho$i\$yb VmoS>ë`mda Ë`mda 10 br.nmÊ`mV 50 J«°‘ nmoQ>°{e`‘ S>m`hm`S´>moOZ \$m°ñ\$oQ>
A{YH$ 100 J«°‘ `w[a`m A{YH$ ñQ>rH$a (10 {‘br) {‘giyZ \$dmaUr Ho$ë`mZo bm§~r Am{U Koa dmTy>Z Ho$irÀ`m
dOZmVhr dmT> hmoVo.
* Ho$irMo KS> 0.5 {‘.‘r. OmS>rÀ¶m 75 100 go.‘r. AmH$mamÀ¶m 6 Q>¸o$ gpÀN>Ð ßbmpñQ>H$ {neì¶m§Zr PmH$mdoV.
Am§Va{nHo$
Ho$ir~mJoV h§Jm‘{Zhm` Mdir, CS>rX, ‘wJ, ^wB©‘yJ `m§gmaIr Am§Va{nHo$ KoVm òVmV. na§Vw ~mJoV H$mH$S>r, ^monim,
H$btJS>, Ia~wO VgoM {‘aMr, dm§Jr `m§gmaIr {nHo$ KoUo H$Q>mjmZo Q>mimdo.
ImoS>dm ì¶dñWmnZ
Ho$irÀ¶m n{hë¶m ImoS>dm {nH$mgmR>r ‘w»¶ nrH$ {Zgdë¶mZ§Va 3 ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr EH$ Omo‘Xma nrb àVr PmS> R>odmdo.
V³Vm 4 … Ho$irdarb amoJm§À`m {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm`
amoJmMo Zmd {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm`
H$anm ({gJmQ>moH$m) * amoJJ«ñV nmZmMm ^mJ/ nmZo H$mTy>Z OmimdrV.
* PmS>mda 25 J«°.S>m`WoZ E‘-45 qH$dm 25 J«°.H$m°na Am°pŠgŠbmoamB©S> qH$dm + ‘rZab
Am°B©b 100 {‘br A{YH$ Mm§Jë`m àVrMo ñQ>rH$a 10 br. nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
H$mir ~m|S>r ({gJma EÝS> am°Q>) àmXw^m©dJ«ñV Ho$ir H$mTy>Z Zï> H$amdrV. KS>mda 10 J«°‘ H$m~©oS>°{P‘ qH$dm 25 J«°‘
S>m¶WoZ E‘ - 45 A{YH$ Mm§Jë¶m àVrMo ñQ>rH$a 10 br. nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmamdo.
B{d©{Z`m am°Q> (hoS>am°Q>) bmJdS>rZ§Va 100 br.nmÊ`mV 300 J«°. H$m°na Am°pŠgŠbmoamB©S> + 300 {_br
³cmoamonm¶ar’$m°g ¶m§Mo ÐmdU V`ma H$ê$Z àËòH$ PmS>mg 200 [‘.br. ÐmdU Q>mH$mdo
nU©JwÀN> (~§Mr Q>m°n) d nm§oJmgS> amoJmMm àmXw^m©d {XgVmM amoJJ«ñV PmS> CnQw>Z Zï> H$amdo. amoJmMm àgma ‘mdm {H$S>r‘wio
(BÝ\o$pŠe`g Šbmoam°{gg) hmoV Agë`mZo PmS>m§da Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr. Ho$ir {nH$mV
qH$dm ~mJo^modVr H$mH$S>r dJu`, dm§JodJu` {nHo$ KoD$ ZòV.
V³Vm 5 … Ho$irdarb {H$S>tÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm`
{H$S>rMo Zmd {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm`
gm|S>o{H$S> * {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr.
ImoS>{H$S> * ~mJ ñdÀN> R>odmdr. ImoS>dm KoUo Q>mimdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 119

\w$b{H$S>r * qZ~moir AH©$ 500 {‘br. 10 br. nmÊ¶mV KodyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
* KS> 6 Q>¸o$ gpÀN>ÐVoÀ¶m nm°brWrZ {neì¶m§Zr PmH$mdoV.
‘mdm * {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>m`‘oWmoEoQ> 20 {‘br 10 br nmÊ`mV KodyZ \$dmamdo.
gwÌH¥$‘r * Ho$ir bmJdS>rÀ`m doir H§$X VmgyZ darbà‘mUo H§$X à{H«$`m H$amdr.
* bmJdS>rÀ`m doir qZ~moir n|S>rMm dmna H$amdm.
* Ho$ir ~mJoV P|Sy> ho Am§Va{nH$ ¿`mdo.
{dnarV hdm‘mZmÀ¶m H$mimV Ho$ir ~mJoMr ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr.

AVr d gVVMm nmD$g
* ~mJVoZw A{V[aº$ nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam H$amdm.
* gVVMm nmD$g Agë¶mg d O‘r{ZVZw qH$dm qR>~H$Ûmao IVo XUoo e³¶ Zgë¶mg Aem n[añWrVrV ’$dmaUr Ûmao IVo ÚmdrV.
gmg
o mQ>çmMm dmam
A{Vdï¥>r ~am~oaM dmXir dmè¶m‘i w r H$oirMr nmZo ’$mQ>yZ àH$me gí§bfoU {H$«¶M o m dJo ‘X§mdVm.o VgM o dmè¶m‘i w o PmS>o
H$mb o ‘S>yZhr ’$ma ‘mRo>çm à‘mUmda Am{WH©$ ZHw$gmZ hmVo.o ho g^§mì¶ ZHw$gmZ Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r H$oir ~mJômdoVr 2 ‘r. AV§amda gOrd
H$§wnZmÀ¶m XmZo Ami o r H$oir bmJdS>rÀ¶m di o rM bmdmì¶mV. gOrd H$§wnUmgmR>r edoar, ~m~§y géw qH$dm {Jar¶ºw$ ¶mM § m dmna
H$amdm.
H$‘r Vmn‘mZ
* ~mJVo amÌrÀ¶m di o r nmUr nawdR>m H$amdm.
* ^ë¶m nhmQ>o ~mJVo Amb o m nmbm nmMmi o m OmiZy Yaw H$amdm.
* H$oirÀ¶m PmS§>mg {nH$ AdñWZogwma à{V PmS> 250 Vo 1000 J‘°« qZ~mi o r T>no Úmdr.
* KS>mg 6 % gpÀN>ÐVM o o nmT§>è¶m ßbmp°ñQ>H$ ~J°Mo AmdaU H$amd.o
A{VOmñV Vmn‘mZ
* {e’$maer à‘mUo nmUrnawdR>m H$amdm.
* ~mJVo H$oir nmZo d Adefo, OZwm JìhmMm ^gwm, D$gmMo nmMQ>, gm¶om~rZ ^gwm ¶mM § m dmna H$éZ g{o§Ð¶ AÀN>mXZ H$amd.o
* ~mJVo Mmahr ~mOZwo g{Od H$w§nU H$amd.o
* Eàrb ‘{hÝ¶m nmgZy Xa nY§am {XdgmZ§r 10 brQ>a nmÊ¶mV 800 J‘°« H$oAmbo rZo ho ~mînamYoH$ KdoZy Ë¶mMr H$oirMr nmZmd§a
Ðmjo
O‘rZ … `mo½` {ZMam Agbobr, hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘, MwZIS>rMo à‘mU 8% nojm OmñV ZH$mo VgoM {dÚwV
dmhH$Vm 2 S>o. gr. à{V ‘rQ>a nojm H$‘r Zgmdr. gm‘w 6.1 Vo 7.5 À`m Xaå`mZ Agmdm.
hdm‘mZ … CîU d H$moaS>o , 25 Vo 35 gopëgAg Vmn‘mZ, 600 {‘.‘r. nojm H$‘r nO©Ý`‘mZ
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 31.5 ‘r. dobrMr g§»`m / hoŠQ>a … 2,222
bmJdS>rMr doi/[Xem … {S>g|~a-OmZodmar qH$dm OyZ-Owc¡ / X{jUmoÎma
120Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

bmJdS>rMo nÜXV … A) ñd‘wimdaMr bmJdS> ~) Iw§Q>mdarb bmJdS> Agboë`m {R>H$mUr ‘\w$H¥$ {dÚmnrR>mZo S>m°JarO
`m Iw§Q>mMr {e\$mag Ho$br Amho. S>m°JarO `m Iw§Q>mMr cmJdS> {S>g|~a-OmZodmar‘Üò H$ê$Z Ë`mda
nmMa H$b‘ H$amdo. H$b‘ H$aVodoir `mo½` OmV {ZdS>mdr.
gwYm[aV OmVr … Wm°‘gZ {gS>bog, Vmg-E-JUoe, gmoZmH$m, ‘m{UH$ M‘Z, eaX {gS>bog, âbo‘ {gS>bog d aoS>½bmo~
diU XoÊ`mMr nÕV … ‘§S>n nÕVrMm qH$dm dm¶ (Y) nÕVrMm Adb§~ H$amdm.
g§OrdH$mÀ`m ‘mÌm … \w$bo C‘bÊ`mnydu 10 Vo 20 nr nr E‘ {O~«°{bH$ A°{gS>Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr. 25% Q>moß`m
nS>ë`mZ§Va 20 nr nr E‘ d 75% Q>moß`m nS>ë`mZ§Va 40 nr nr E‘ Or.E. ‘Üò KS> ~wS>dUr H$amdr.
’$iYmaUm Pmë`mZ§Va 40 nr nr E‘Mm \$dmam Úmdm.
IVmÀ`m ‘mÌm … S>m°JarO Iw§Q>mda bmJdS> Ho$boë¶m Ðmj {nH$mg EHw$U 666 {H$. ZÌ, 888 {H$. ñ’w$aX d
666 {H$. nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar X¶mdo. IaS> N>mQ>UrZ§Va 70% ZÌ (466 {H$.) 50% ñ’w$aX (222
{H$.) d 175 {H$. nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar {d^mJwZ Úmdo. ’$i N>mQ>UrZ§Va Cd©arV ñ’w$aX bJoM Úmdm Va ZÌ
70-100 {Xdgmn`ªV {d^mJwZ Úmdm. nmUr CVaÊ¶mÀ¶m AdñWon¶ªV Cd©arV nmbmemn¡H$s 70%
{d^mJwZ Úmdm. Va nmUr CVaÊ¶mÀ¶m AdñWoV Cd©arV 30% Úmdm.
ÐmjmMr N>mQ>Ur
A. E{àb N>mQ>Ur qH$dm IaS> N>mQ>Ur … ÐmjdobrÀ`m H$mS>rdarb S>moù`m‘Üò gyú‘KS> {Z{‘©Vr hmoÊ`mgmR>r E{àb
{H$§dm IaS> N>mQ>Ur ‘hËdmMr AgVo. E{àb N>mQ>UrZ§Va 7 nmZm§da JaOoZwgma g~Ho$Z H$amdr.
~. Am°ŠQ>mo~a N>mQ>Ur … ÐmjmÀ`m ‘mb H$mS>r‘YwZ KS> ~mhoa òÊ`mgmR>r Am°ŠQ>mo~a N>mQ>Ur H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
dob ì`dñWmnZ … à[Vdobrda H$mS>çm§Mr g§»`m - 35 Vo 40
à[VH$mS>rda nmZm§Mr g§»`m - 15 Vo 16
JwUdÎmoera Ðmj CËnmXZmgmR>r … 1) {daiUr 2) JS>©qbJ 3) `mo½` H°$Zmonr ì`dñWmnZ 4) `mo½` doir `mo½` g§OrdH$mMm dmna H$amdm
EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> d amoJ ì`dñWmnZ
1. IaS> N>mQ>Ur VgoM Am°ŠQ>mo~a N>mQ>Ur doioda H$ê$Z N>mQ>boë`m H$mS>çm d nmZo ~m§Ymda Z Q>mH$Vm OmiyZ Zï> H$amì`mV.
2. N>mQ>UrZ§Va ImoS> d dbm§S>çmdarb ‘moH$ir Pmbobr gmb H$mT>mdr.
3. N>mQ>UrZ§Va bJoM dobrÀ`m ImoS>m§Zm Am{U dbm§S>çm§Zm ãbm`Q>m°Šg 0.4 Q>¸o$ A{YH$ Joê 3 {H$bmo$ à{V 10 {bQ>a AWdm
10 Q>¸o$ ~moS>m} noñQ> + {_Wmo‘rb 3 J«°‘ + 1.5 {‘.br. pñQ>H$a à{V {bQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV noñQ>tJ H$amdo.
4. ZdrZ \w$Q> Ambr AgVmZm qZ~moir AH©$ 5 Q>³Ho$ AWdm B{_S>mŠbmoàrS> 17.8% 5 {_br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr ¶m§À¶m
XmoZ \$dmaÊ¶m 10 {Xdgm§À¶m A§VamZo H$amì¶mV.
5. {_br~JÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ~wàmo\o$PrZ 25% àdmhr 15 {_br AWdm ìh{Q>©{gbr`_ boH°$Zr 50 J«°. + 50 {_br XþY 10
{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. (Vn_mZ 30 g|Q>rJ«oS> nojm H$_r d AmÐ©Vm 65 Q>¸o$ nojm OmñV AgUo Amdí`H$)
6. ‘Ê`mV nmUr CVaÊ`mÀ`m AdñWoV {‘br~JMm àmXw©^md dmT>ë`mg 1500 Am°ñQ´>mo{b`Z bo{S>~S>© {~Q>b ({H«$ßQ>mo{b‘g
^w§Joao) à{V hoŠQ>ar 21 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo 2 doiog gmoS>mdoV.
7. \$dmaUrÀ`m nmÊ`mMm nr.EM. 6.5 Vo 7 Agmdm.
8. Ho$dS>çmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ‘oQ>°b°ŠPrb+‘°ÝH$moPo~ (0.2%) qH$dm gm`‘moŠP°Zrb+‘°ÝH$moPo~ (0.2%) qH$dm
{’$Z°{‘S>m°Z-‘°ÝH$moPo~ (0.25%) qH$dm APmoŠOrñQ´>m°~rZ (200 {‘br/EH$a) qH$dm ’o$‘m°ŠP°S>moZ + gm`‘moŠP°Zrb>
(200 {‘br/EH$a) qH$dm {H«$gm°ŠPr‘ ‘oWrb (250 {‘br/EH$a) qH$dm nmà°Šbm°ñQ´>mo~rZ + ‘oQ>ra°‘ (1.75 J«°‘/
brQ>a) `m ~waerZmeH$m§À`m 5 \$dmaÊ`m N>mQ>UrZ§Va 12 {Xdgm§Mo A§VamZo AmbQy>Z-nmbQy>Z H$amì`mV.
9. ^war amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r _m`Šbmoã`wQ>°Zrb 10% S>ãë`w nr 4 J°«./10 {b.nmUr qH$dm S>m`\o$ZH$moZ°Pmob 25 B©.gr. 5
{_br./10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm Q>oã`wH$moZ°Pmob 25 Eg.gr. 5 {_br./10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm {S>ZmoH°$_ 48 B©.gr. 3 {_br/10
{bQ>a nmUr qH$dm gë\$a 80 S>ãë`w nr 25 J«°./10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm gë\$a 80 S>ãë`w nr {S>.Or.15 Vo 20 J«°_/ 10 {bQ>a
nmUr qH$dm nmoQ>°{e`_ ~m`H$m~m}ZoQ> 5 J«°./10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. \$dmaUr H$aVmZm _Ê`m§da S>mJ òUma
Zmhr d H$mT>Ur níMmV Am¡fYm§Mo A§e ahmUma ZmhrV Aem Am¡fYm§Mr {ZdS> H$amdr.
10. H$anm amoJmMo ì`dñWmnZogmR>r àmnrZo~ 70 S>ãë`w nr 30 J«°./10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm H$m°naAm°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> 50 S>ãë`w nr
25 J«°_/10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm H$m°nahm`S´>m°ŠgmB©S> 20 J«°./10 {bQ>a nmUr qH$dm H$m~}ÝS>oPr_ 50 S>ãë`w nr 10 J«°./ 10
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 121

{bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr.
11. amoJ à{VH$maj‘Vm dmTy> Z¶o åhUyZ EH$mM àH$maMr ~waerZmeHo$ XmoZ Vo VrZ nojm OmñV doim ’$dmaUrgmR>r dmnê$ Z¶oV.
12. ^yar amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r 80% nmÊ`mV {daKiUmao J§YH$ 20 J«°‘ qH$dm [S>ZmoH°$n 5 {‘.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV qH$dm
Q´>m`S>o{‘\$m°Z 250 J«°‘ qH$dm noZH$moZ°Pm°b 5 {‘.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr.
13. VgoM ^war amoJmÀ`m à^mdr {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Imbrbà‘mUo ’$dmaUr {Z`moOZ H$amdo.
’$i N>mQ>UrZ§VaMo {Xdg Am¡fYo à‘mU

40 âbwOrb°Pmob 40 B©.gr. 0.125 {‘.br./{bQ>a
60 noZH$moZ°Pmob 10 B©.gr. + nmoQ>°{eA‘ ~m`H$m~m}ZoQ> 0.5 {‘br+ 5 J«°‘/brQ>a
70 Q´>m`S>o{‘’$m°Z 25 S>ãë`y.nr. 1 J«°‘/brQ>a
80 hoŠgmH$moZ°Pmob 5 B©.gr.+ nmoQ>°{eA‘ ~m`H$m~m}ZoQ> 1 {‘.br.+5 J«°‘/brQ>a
90 ‘m`Šbmoã`wQ>°Zrb 10 S>ãë`y.nr. 0.45 J«°‘/brQ>a
105 APmoŠPrñQ´>m°~rZ 23 Eg.gr. 0.5 {‘.br./brQ>a
120 APmoŠPrñQ´>m°~rZ 23 Eg.gr. 0.5 {‘.br./brQ>a
14. {Z`m©Vj‘ Ðmj CËnmXZmgmR>r {Z`m©Vrg ~§X Ho$bobr qH$dm {H$‘mZ A§e ‘`m©Xm Aä`mgyZM ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
15. A§Vaàdmhr ~waerZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$aVmZm amoJH$maH$ ~waer‘Ü¶o à{VH$ma j‘Vm V¶ma hmoUma Zmhr Ago ì¶dñWmnZ
H$amdo.
16. ~waerZmeH$m§Mo Mm§Jbo n[aUm_ {_iÊ`mgmR>r OmñV amgm`{ZH$ Am¡fYm§Mm EH${ÌV dmna Q>mimdm d Adí`H$ {R>H$mUr d
dmVmdaU ~KyZ Mm§Jë`m pñQ>H$aMm dmna H$amdm.
17. Ho$dS>m, ^war d H$nm© amoJm§Mo à^mdr ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r \$i N>mQ>Ur gßQ>|~aÀ`m Xþgè`m n§YadmS>çmnydu Am{U Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m
n{hë`m n§YadmS>çmZ§Va H$aÊ`mV òD$ Zò.
S>mqi~
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘ (45 g|. ‘r Imobr Agbobr hbH$s O‘rZ)
OmVr JUoe, Or-137, ‘¥Xybm, \w$bo Amaº$m, ^Jdm, ’w$bo ^Jdm gwna, \w$bo AZmaXmZm (AZmaXmZm V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r)
bmJdS>rMo A§Va 4.5 3.0 ‘rQ>a
IVo nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>m§g eoUIV 40 Vo 50 {H$bmo, ZÌ 625 J«°‘, ñ\$w$aX 250 J«°‘ d nmbme 250 J°«‘ à{V
PmS>mg à{V df©. ZÌ 2 g‘mZ hâË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
Am§Va{nHo$ PmS>mÀ`m bmJdS>rZ§Va gwédmVrMr XmoZ df©o ~mJoV XmoZ Amoit‘Üò H$m§Xm, ‘yJ, Mdir, gmo`m~rZ, `m
gmaIr H$‘r C§M dmT>Umar {nHo$ Am§Va{nHo$ åhUyZ ¿`mdrV. dob dJu` d dm§JodJu` ^mOrnmbm KoD$ ZòV.
BVa ‘hÎdmMo ‘wÔo
1) amonm§Mr IaoXr ImÌrera emgZ‘mÝ` amondmQ>rHo$VyZM H$amdr. ‘mV¥d¥j ~mJ VobH$Q> S>mJ/‘a amoJ ‘w³V Agë¶mMr VgoM
amondmQ>rH$m VnmgUr Vkm‘m’©$V Pmbr Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
2) S>mit~mMr bmJdS> 4.5 x 3.0 ‘rQ>a (15.0 x 10.0’w$Q> ) A§VamdaM H$amdr Ë¶mnojm H$‘r A§Vamda S>mit~mMr bmJdS>
àH$fm©Zo Q>mimdr H$maU Aem ~mJoV Voë¶m ~amo~aM ‘a amoJmMo à‘mU ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda PnmQ>çmZo dmT>Vo.
3) amon bmJdS>rZ§Va gmYmaUnUo XmoZ dfmªZr n{hbm ~hma Yamdm Ë¶mnydr© ~hma Yaë¶mg PmS>o H$‘Hw$dV d Ae³V amhrë¶mZo
amoJmg bdH$a ~ir nS>VmV.
122Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2) A{YH$ Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r 4.5 3.0 ‘r. A§Vamda bmJdS> Ho$boë`m S>mqi~m‘Üò {R>~H$ {g§MZmZo PmS>mOdiMo20%
joÌ nmÊ`mZo AmobrVmImbr òUo `mo½` AgVo. Ë`mnojm A{YH$ joÌ AmobrVmImbr Amë`mg ~mJoV gyú‘ hdm‘mZ V`ma hmoD$Z
ImoS>mbm bhmZ {N>Ðo nmS>Umao ^w§Joao d ‘a amoJ `m§Mm àmXw^m©d dmT>Vmo.
3) ImoS>{H$S>rMm OmñV àmXw©^md AgUmè`m joÌm‘Üò S>mqi~mcm hbŠ`m O{‘ZrV Mma ImoS>o R>odyZ diU XoUo ¶mo½¶ R>aVo.
6) dfm©VyZ EH$M ~hma Yamdm. ~hma Yaë¶mZ§Va PmS>mÀ¶m AmH$ma‘mZmZwgma {Z¶§{ÌV ’$i| R>§odmdrV Ë¶m‘wio ’$im§Mm AmH$ma
dmTw>Z XO}Xma ’$i CËnmXZ e³¶ hmoVo.
7) JwUdÎmmnyd©H$ CËnmXZmgmR>r gwú‘AÞÐì¶m§Mm VgoM OrdmUy IVmMm dmna ’$m¶Xoera {XgyZ Ambm Amho.
8) Z¡g{J©H$ nmZJi Pmbr Zgë¶mg nmZJi H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ~hma YaÊ¶mnydu 20 {Xdg AJmoXa BW«ob ¶m g§OrdH$mMr 2 {‘br
à{V {bQ>a ¶m à‘mUmV \$dmaUr H$aÊ¶mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
9) IVo PmS>mÀ`m Koè`mOdi H$mobr H$ê$Z qH$dm S´>rnaÀ`m Imbr Q>mHy$Z ‘mVrZo PmH$mdrV.
10) {R>~H$ qgMZmZo nmUr XoUo eŠ` Zgë`mg nmQ>mÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV 8 Vo10 {Xdgm§Zr, nmdgmù`mV 13 Vo 14
{Xdgm§Zr (nmD$g ZgVmZm) Va {hdmù`mV 17 Vo 18 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo.
11) ImoS>mbm bhmZ {N>Ðo nS>Umao ^w§Joao (em°Q> hmob ~moaa) `m§Mm àmXw©^md Q>miÊ`mgmR>r 1 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 400 J«°‘ Joê$ amÌâ
{Ôdmdm. Xwgè`m {Xder Ë`m‘Üò 5 {‘br. ³bmoamonm¶ar’$m°g à{V {bQ>a nmUr `mà‘mUo Q>mHy$Z PmS>mÀ`m ImoS>m§Zm ‘wbm‘m
Úmdm.
12) amoJQ> \$io, nmZo d \$m§Úm ~mJonmgyZ Xyada OmiyZ Zï> H$amdoV.
13) gwÌH¥$‘rÀ¶m {Z¶ÌUmgmR>r ’w$bo Q´>m¶H$moS>‘m© ßbg 20 {H$bmo ho³Q>ar ~hma YaVodoir eoUIV d qZ~moir n|S> gmo~V EH$Ì
{‘giyZ [a¨J nÕVrZo PmS>m^modVr Úmdo VgoM S>mqi~mÀ`m PmS>m^modVr P|Sy>Mr bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg gwÌH¥$‘tMm àmXw^m©d
H$‘r hmoVmo.
S>mqi~ - VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJ

S>mqi~mdarb {d{dY g‘ñòn¡H$s VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJ hr EH$ ‘moR>r g‘ñ`m Amho. ‘hmamï´´>mV `m amoJmMm {eaH$md amoJJ«ñV
H$b‘mÛmao Pmbobm AgyZ, `m amoJmÀ`m à^mdr {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r EH$m[Ë‘H$ amoJ {Z`§ÌU nÕVrMm dmna H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
Ë`mH$[aVm à{V~§YH$ Cnm` `moOZm H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
amoJmMr VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJmMm àmXw^m©d nmZo, \w$bo, ImoS> Am{U \$im§da hmoVmo. hm amoJ {OdmUyOÝ` AgyZ, PmÝWmo‘moZmg
bjUo `m {OdmUy‘wio hmoVmo.
nmZ gwédmVrg nmZmda VobH$Q> qH$dm nmZWi S>mJ nS>VmV. ho S>mJ H$mbm§VamZo H$minQ> hmoVmV d S>mJm^modVr {ndio
db` {XgVo. CÝhmV ho S>mJ ~{KVbo H$s$ VobmgmaIo M‘H$VmV. S>mJ ‘moR>m Pmë`mda nmZo {ndir nSy>Z JiVmV.
\w$b \w$bm§da d H$ù`m§da H$minQ> S>mJ nS>VmV nwT>o `m‘wio \w$bm§Mr d H$ù`m§Mr Ji hmoVo.
ImoS> ImoS>mda Am{U \$m§Úmda gwadmVrbm nmZWi VobH$Q> S>mJ {XgVmV. H$mbm§VamZo ho S>mJ Vn{H$ar hmoVmV. ImoS>mda
`m S>mJmZo JS>©qbJ qH$dm ImM V`ma hmoVo d VoWyZ PmS> ‘moS>Vo. VgoM \$m§Úmda S>mJmMr Vrd«Vm dmT>ë`mda \$m§Úm
S>mJmnmgyZ ‘moS>VmV.
’$i \$imda gwédmVrbm nmZWi VobH$Q> S>mJ {XgVmV. H$mbm§VamZo ho S>mJ Vn{H$ar H$minQ> nS>VmV. \$im§da
bhmZ S>mJ EH$Ì Ambo, H$s ‘moR>çm S>mJmV énm§Va hmoVo. \$im§da `m S>mJm‘wio AmS>do Cô VS>o OmVmV. \$imMr
àV nyU©nUo Iam~ hmoVo. VS>o ‘moR>o Pmë`mda \$io BVa H$maUmZo gS>VmV Am{U JiyZ nS>VmV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 123

amoJmg AZwHy$b ~m~r
* ~mJoV qH$dm ~mJoeoOmar VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJmMo Adeof AgUo, VgoM VUm§Mr _moR>çm à_mUmda dmT> AgUo.
* PmS>m§Mr JXu, IoiË`m hdoMm VgoM gy`©àH$memMm A^md AgUo.
* T>Jmi d nmdgmir hdm‘mZ, dmXir nmD$g Am{U dmVmdaUmVrb AmÐ©Vm OmñV AgUo.
* amoJJ«ñV ~mJoVrb JwQ>r H$b‘m§Mm dmna
* amoJJ«ñV ~mJoV dmnaboë¶m hË¶mam§Mm (CXm. H$mÌr, {gHo$Q>a B.)N>mQ>UrgmR>r dmna H$aUo.
eoVmV amonm§Mo EH$ dfmªn`ªV H$amd`mMo ì`dñWmnZ
* amon H°$pëe`‘ hm`n>moŠbmoamB©S> Zo (100 J«°‘/IÈ>m) {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m IÈ>`mV bmdmdo.
* amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$‘rV H$‘r 4.5 ‘r 3.0 ‘r. A§Vamda H$amdr Am{U àËòH$ {R>H$mUr VrZ ImoS> R>odmdrV.
* ñdÀN>Vm ‘mo{h‘ H$miOrnyd©H$ am~dmdr. Imbr O{‘Zrda nS>bobr nmZo Jmoim H$ê$Z Zï> H$amdoV. ~hma YaVm§Zm
O{‘Zrdarb amoJQ> {OdmUw§Mr g§»`m H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r pãbMtJ nmdS>a 150 J«°‘ à{V 5-6 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ
(PmS>mÀ`m d`mZwgma) PmS>mImbr {ÔdU H$amdr qH$dm PmS>mImbr 4% Vm‘«`wº$ ^wH$Q>r hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo Ywaimdr.
* PmS>mÀ`m \$m§Úm àmXw^m©d Pmboë`m ^mJmÀ`m 2 B§M ImbyZ N>mQ>mdo.
* N>mQ>Ur H$aVmZm H$mÌr àËòH$doir 1 Q>¸$m S>oQ>m°bÀ`m ÐmdUmV {ZOªVwH$ H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
* N>mQ>Ur Pmë`mZ§Va bJoM H$mnboë`m ^mJmda ~moS>m}noñQ> bmdmdr (10%).
S>mqi~mdarb VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJmMm àmXw^m©d Pmboë`m ~mJm§À`m nwZ©OrdZmgmR>r

d VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r - doimnÌH$
1. \$io H$mT>Ur nmdgmù`mV Pmbr Agob Va ~«mo‘monm°b 500 nrnrE‘ \$dmamdo. (~«mo‘monm°b 50 J«°‘ à{V 100 {b.nmUr)
2. g§nyU© \$io H$mT>Ur Pmë`mZ§Va ~mJobm 3 ‘{hZo {dlm§Vr Úmdr.
3. ~hma KoÊ`mnydu g§nwU© nmZJi H$ê$Z ¿`mdr (BWaob 1 Vo 2 {‘br/{bQ>a) amoJQ> \$m§ÚmMr N>mQ>Ur H$amdr.
4. Imbr nS>bobr g§nyU© nmZo d N>mQ>bobo amoJQ> Adeof Jmoim H$ê$Z OmiyZ Q>mH$mdoV.
5. PmS>mÀ`m ImoS>mbm {Z‘Am°B©bMm ‘wbm‘m Úmdm.
6. nmZJi Am{U N>mQ>UrZ§Va H°$ßQ>Z 0.5 % \$dmamdo.
7. Z{dZ nmbdr \w$Q>ë`mZ§Va - H°$ßQ>Z (0.25%) Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr. nmZmda Am{U \$imda amoJmMm àmXw©^md {XgV Agob
Va \$dmaUr Mmby R>odmdr Am{U amoJ Zgob Va 30 {Xdgm§Mo A§VamZo \$dmamdr.
8. gXa Am¡fYm§Mr \$dmaUr \$i H$mT>UrÀ`m 30 {Xdg nydu ~§X H$amdr. nmdgmir h§Jm‘mV hr \$dmaUr \$i H$mT>UrÀ`m
20 {Xdg nydu ~§X H$amdr.
{Q>nUr 1. BVa ~waerOÝ` amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {e\$mag Ho$bobo Cnm` Adb§~mdoV.
2. CËnmXZ dmT>rgmR>r Am{U {ZamoJr ~mJogmR>r AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZ {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m {e\$maerà‘mUo H$amdo.
amondmQ>rH$m V`ma H$aVm§Zm H$amd`mMo ì`dñWmnZ
* JwQ>r H$b‘mgmR>r VobH$Q> S>mJ {ZamoJr ^mJmVrb {ZamoJr ‘mV¥d¥jmMr {ZdS> H$amdr.
* VobH$Q> S>mJ amoJmÀ`m àmXw^m©dmgmR>r PmS>m§Mo d amonm§Mo n[ajU H$éZ ¿`mdo. Ë`mgmR>r AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$amdm.
* amon V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òUmar ‘mVr gw`©{H$aUm§Zr {ZOªVwH$ H$éZ dmnamdr. gw`©{H$aUm§Zr {ZOªVwH$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
2-4 ‘{hZo bmJVmV. VgoM nmÊ`mÀ`m dm\o$Zo qH$dm amgm`{ZH$ nXmWm©Zo {ZOªVwH$ H$aVm òVo.
124Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

* H$b‘o V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m ‘mÜ`‘mV O¡{dH$ KQ>H$m§Mm dmna H$amdm Ë`mgmR>r Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© pìharS>r / h{O©`mZ‘
EH$ {H$bmo + gwS>mo‘moZmg âë`wamogÝg (10 gr E\$ `y / J«°‘) EH$ {H$bmo + qZ~moir n|S> 5 {H$bmo, ìh‘r©H$ëMa 200
J«°‘ à{V 100 {H$bmo ‘mVrV EH${ÌVnUo qH$dm doJdoJio {‘gimdo.
* PmS>mda JwQ>çm ~m§YVmZm H$mS>rda eodmi (J«rZ ñn°JZ‘ ‘m°g) nyU©nUo ~m§Ymdo. VgoM H$mS>rÀ`m H$mnboë`m ^mJm-
da gwS>mo‘moZmg âë`wamogÝg (10 gr E\$ `y / J«°‘) Am{U Am`~rE (1500 nrnrE‘) bmdmdo. PmS>mdéZ H$b‘o
H$mT>ë`mZ§Va H$mnboë`m ^mJmdma ~moS>m}noñQ> (10%) bmdmdr.
* H$b‘o V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m ‘mÜ`‘mV ‘mVr Am{U Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV g‘à‘mUmV dmnamdo (50…50 Q>¸o$)
`m ‘mÜ`‘mV O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ {‘gimdo d AmR> {XdgmZ§Va H$b‘o V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdo.
* H$b‘o V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 4 B§M 6 B§M AmH$mamMr 250 JoOMr H$mir nm°{bWrZMr {nedr dmnamdr.
* {nedr âë`mZ§Va Mm§Jë`m dmT>rgmR>r 50 Q>¸o$À`m eoS>ZoQ>‘Üò {nedr R>odmdr.
* Aem 10 {neì`m EH$m AmoirV R>odmì`mV (1 ‘rQ>a) d Ë`mMr bm§~r JaOoZwgma R>odmdr. amondmQ>rHo$V H$b‘o R>odë`mZ§Va
15 {Xdgm§Mo A§VamZo ŠbmoaW°bmoZrb (0.25%) `m ~waerZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr. amonm§Zm JaOoZwgma nmUr Úmdo.
* H$b‘o {nedrV âë`mZ§Va H$‘rV H$‘r 4 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va bmJdS>rgmR>r dmnamdrV.
S>mqi~ ‘a amoJ ì`dñWmnZ

1. S>mqi~ bmJdS>rgmR>r Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar hbH$s ‘Ü`‘ à{VMr O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr.
2. bmJdS> H$aÊ`mnydu O‘rZ àIa gw`©àH$memV VmndyZ ¿`mdr.
3. amoJ{dahrV ~mJm§‘Yrb JwQ>r nmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobrM amono bmJdS>rgmR>r dmnamdrV.
4. bmJdS>rgmR>r 2 x 2 x 2 ‘rQ>a AmH$mamMo IÈ>o 4.5 ‘r x 3.0 ‘r. A§Vamda ¿`mdoV. `mà‘mUo hoŠQ>ar 740 PmS>o
~gVmV. ‘a amoJ O{‘ZrVyZ ‘wù`m§ÛmaogwÕm ngaVmo åhUyZ H$‘r A§Vamdarb bmJdS> amoJ ~imdÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo.
5. IÈ>o CÝhmù`mV bmJdS>rÀ`m H$‘rV H$‘r 1 ‘{hZm AJmoXa KoD$Z CÝhmV Vmny ÚmdoV. `m‘wio H$mhr à‘mUmV Z¡g{J©H$
{ZOªVwH$sH$aUmg ‘XV hmoVo.
6. IS>çm§‘Üò H$m~}ZS>°Pr‘ 0.2 Q>¸o$ ÐmdU 5 {bQ>a àVr IÈ>m Q>mH$mdo. `mM~amo~a H$m~m©arb 50 J«°‘ qH$dm Šbmoamonmàr\$m°g
50 {‘br àVr IÈ>m IS²>S>`mÀ`m Vimer d ~mOyZo IS²>S>o âÊ`mnydu Q>mH$mdo.
7. IS²>S>o {ZOªVyH$ H$aUogmR>r H°$ëer`‘ hm`nmoŠbmoamB©S> 100 J«°‘ àVr IS²>S>m dmnamdo.
8. ^mar O{‘ZrV IS²>S>o âVmZm Ë`m‘Üò dmiy Am{U ‘mVr 1…1 `m à‘mUmV KoD$Z àËòH$ IS²>S>çmV Imbrb nXmW© Q>mH$mdoV.
eoUIV - 20 {H$bmo, Jm§Sy>iIV - 2 {H$bmo, qZ~moir n|S> - 3 {H$bmo, Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©-ßbg- 25 J«°‘, APmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a - 15
J«°‘, ñ\$waX OrdmUy - 15 J«°‘
9. nmUr ì`dñWmnZmMo `mo½` {Z`moOZ H$amdo.
10. ‘a amoJmMo H$mhr ‘hÎdnyU© bjU S>mqi~mÀ`m BVa ^mJm§dahr {XgyZ òVmV åhUyZ g§nyU© PmS> H$m~}S>°Pr‘ ÐmdUmZo \$dmamdo.
11. ‘a amoJmZo g§nyU© dmibobo, ‘obobo Am{U H$moaS>o Pmbobo PmS>o Vm~S>Vmo~ CnQy>Z Zï> H$amdrV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 125

Aer amoJQ> PmS>o OmiÊ`mg ZoVmZm Ë`m§Mr amoJQ> ‘wio ßb°ñQ>rH$ {nedrÀ`m ghmæ`mZo PmHy$Z ¿`mdrV. H$maU ~waerMo
~rOmUy ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ‘wim§da/‘wim§‘Üò Agë`m‘wio Mm§Jë`m PmS>m§Zm amoJmMr bmJU hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo.
13. PmS>m§Mr N>mQ>Ur nmdgmù`mV qH$dm CÝhmim gwê$ hmoÊ`mÀ`m AJmoXa H$ê$ Zò. H$maU `m H$mbmdYrV {H$S>r§Mm àgma
hmoVmo. {H$S>r `m H$mimV N>mQ>boë`m ^mJm§‘YyZ {ZKUmè`m dZñnVr noeragmH$S>o AmH${f©bo OmVmV Am{U amoJmÀ`m àgm-
aUmg H$maUr^wV R>aVmV.
14. N>mQ>boë`m ^mJm§Zm 10 Q>¸o$ ~moS>m}noñQ> (1 {H$bmo ‘moaMyX 1 {H$bmo H$irMm MwZm 10 {b. nmUr) bJoM bmdmdr.
15. S>mqi~mÀ`m ImoS>{H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r (Omo ‘a amoJmghr H$maUr^yV R>aVmo) 10 {b. nmÊ`mV Joê$ - 4 {H$bmo, H$m°na
Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> - 25 J«°‘ `m à‘mUmV {‘giyZ PmS>mÀ`m ImoS>mg O{‘ZrnmgyZ 2 \w$Q>mn`ªV Xwgè`m dfm©nmgyZ bmdmdo.
Joê$ amÌâ {ÔV R>oD$Z Ë`mV Xwgè`m {Xder Am¡fYo {‘gimdrV.
16. gwÌH¥$‘r {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Am{’«$H$Z P|Sy> XmoZ PmS>mÀ`m d AmoirÀ`m ‘Yë`m [aH$må`m OmJoV qH$dm PmS>m^modVr Jmob
H$S>oZobmdmdo. gwÌH¥$‘tMr g§»`m H$‘r H$aÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. Mm§Jë`m {ZîH$fm©gmR>r 4 Vo 5 ‘{hZo P|Sy>Mr bmJdS> H$amdr.
17. ~mJoMr ñdÀN>Vm Am{U {ZJm Mm§Jë`màH$mao {eñV~Õ nÕVrZo H$amdr.
gwÌH¥$‘r {Z`§ÌUmH$arVm à{V~§YH$ Cnm`
* S>m{i§~mMm ~hma YaVm§Zm O{‘ZrV hoŠQ>ar 1.5 Vo 2 Q>Z qZ~moir n|S> ImoS>m^modVr ‘wim§Odi ‘mVrV {‘gimdr.
* ~mJo‘Üò n°{gbmo‘m`{gg Am{U Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©`wº$ namonOrdr ~waerOÝ` nmdS>a 5 J«°‘ à{V {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ àËòH$
PmS>mÀ`m ~w§Ü`mnmer O{‘ZrV AmoVmdo. VgoM {hadirMo IV åhUyZ VmJ, Y¢Mm BË`mXrMm dmna H$amdm.
* OmñV à‘mUmV àmXw^m©d Pmboë`m ~mJoV ImoS>mÀ`m ^modVmbr Am{’«$H$Z P|Sy>Mr bmJdS> H$amdr. ~è`mM S>mqi~
~mJm§‘Üò gÚ…pñWVrV gyÌH¥$‘tMm àmXw^m©d ‘moR>çm n«‘mUmV dmT>V Agë`mMo {ZXe©Zmg Ambo. ‘a amoJ dmT>Ê`mg gyÌH¥$‘r
hm EH$ à‘wI KQ>H$ Agë`mZo `m gwÌH¥$‘rH$S>o Xwb©j H$éZ MmbUma Zmhr H$maU `m gyÌH¥$‘tÀ`m àmXw^m©dmZo â`wO°[a`‘
~waerMm {eaH$md PmS>m§‘Üò ‘wim§Ûmao BOm Pmë`mZo ghOnUo hmoVo Am{U n`m©`mZo ‘a amoJmMm àmXw^m©d hmodyZ PmS>o ‘aÊ`mg
gwédmV hmoVo. òWo gwM{dë`mà‘mUo gyÌH¥$‘tÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmH$arVm à{V~§YH$ Cnm` `moOZm H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. darbà‘mUo `m
gd© Jmoï>tMm Adb§~ Ho$ë`mg ‘a amoJmMm àmXw^m©d H$‘r hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
{gVm\$i
O‘rZ … hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘
OmVr … ~mimZJa, AH$m© ghmZ (g§H$[aV), ’w$bo nwa§Xa
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 5.0 5.0 ‘rQ>a
IVo … nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>mg 30 Vo 40 {H$bmo eoUIV, ZÌ 250 J«°‘, ñ\$w$aX 125 J«°‘ d nmbme 125 J«°‘
à{V PmS> à{V df©. ZÌ XmoZ g‘mZ hâË`m§‘Üò {d^mJyZ Úmdo. eoUIVm~amo~a A°Pmoñnrarb‘ d nr.Eg.~r.
`m OrdmUy IVm§Mm dmna H$amdm.
Am§Va{nHo$ … {nH$mÀ`m bmJdS>rZ§Va gwadmVrMr XmoZ df©o ~mJoV XmoZ Amoit‘Üò H$m§Xm, ‘yJ Mdir, gmo`m~rZ
`mgmaIr H$‘r C§M dmT>Umar {nHo$ Am§Va{nHo$ åhUyZ ¿`mdrV.
CËnmXZ$ … 25 Vo 30 {H$bmo / PmS> (5 dfm©ªdarb PmS)
BVa ‘hËdmMo ‘wÔo
1) PmS>mÀ`m EH$gma»`m dmT>rgmR>r \$o~«wdmarÀ`m Xwgè`m n§YadS>çmV nmZJi Pmë¶mZ§Va hbH$s N>mQ>Ur H$amdr.
2) nmÊ`mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmMm Adb§~ H$amdm.
126Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Amdim
OmVr … H¥$îUm, H$m§MZ, MH¡$æ`m d {Zb‘
IVo … nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>mg 40 Vo 50 {H$bmo eoUIV, 500 J«°‘ ZÌ , 250 J«°‘ ñ\$w$aX d 250 J«°‘
nmbme à{V PmS> à{V df©. ZÌ XmoZ hâË`m§‘Üò {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
Am§Va{nHo$ … Amdim {nH$m‘Üò S>mqi~ qH$dm {gVm\$i `mgmaIr Am§Va{nHo$ KoVë`mg à{V hoŠQ>ar CËnÞm‘Üò dmT>
CËnmXZ$ … 75 Vo 125 {H$bmo / PmS> (5 dfm©ªdarb PmS)hmoVo. `m {edm` `m {nH$mV ñQ>m`bmo ho‘°Q>m `m Mmam
{nH$mMr bmJdS> \$m`Xoera {XgyZ Ambr Amho.
BVa ‘hËdmMo ‘>wÔo
1) bmJdS>rnydu amonm§da gwYm[aV dmUmMo H$b‘ Ho$bo Agë`mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ‘JM bmJdS> H$amdr.
2) ânya CËnmXZ Am{U A{YH$ Am{W©H$ CËnÞ {‘iÊ`mgmR>r npíM‘ ‘hmamï´´>mVrb Amdù`mÀ`m
bmJdS>rgmR>r H$m§MZ dmUm~amo~a OmñV namJr^dZmgmR>r 10% H¥$îUm `m dmUmMr bmJdS> H$aÊ`mMr
{e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
3) nmdgmim bm§~ë`mg OyZ-Owc¡ ‘{hÝ`mV \$iJiVr H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r EImXo g§a{jV nmUr Úmdo.
4) nmdgmMo nmUr O‘rZrV ‘wa{dÊ¶mgmR>r CVmamÀ¶m {déÕ {XeoZo ~m§Y KmbmdoV qH$dm PmS>mÀ¶m
ImoS>m^modVr B§J«Or (V) AmH$mamMo ~m§Y KmbmdoV.
5) ’$iJiVrMo à‘mU H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~mJoV ‘Y‘mí`m§Mo noQ>mao R>odmdrV.
6) O{‘ZrV dmngm pñWVr OmñV {Q>H${dÊ¶mgmR>r g§o{Ð¶ {Z{dð>m§Mm AmÀN>mXZmgmR>r Cn¶moJ H$amdm.
A§Ora
OmVr … nyZm {\$J, {XZH$a, \w$bo amOodmS>r
IVo … nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>mg 40 Vo 50 {H$bmo eoUIV, 900 J«°‘ ZÌ, 250 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX d 275 J«°‘
nmbme à{V PmS> à{V df©. ZÌ XmoZ g‘mZ hâË`m§‘Üò {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
1) A§{OamMr nyZm {\$J hr OmV CËH¥$ï> Agë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
2) A§{OamMr N>mQ>Ur Xadfu 15 gßQ>§o~a Vo 15 Am°³Q>mo~a Xaå¶mZ H$amdr.
3) O‘rZrnmgyZ 2.5 Vo 3 ’w$Q>mn¶ªV EH$M ImoS> R>oD$Z Ë¶mda 4-5 àmW{‘H$ ’$m§Úm amImì¶mV.
4) S>m[i§~mà‘mUoM ImoS>mda JoéMm ‘wbm‘m Úmdm.
5) \$im§Mo nú`m§nmgyZ g§ajU H$aÊ`mgmR>r njramoYH$ OmirMm ~mJoda dmna H$amdm.
6) \$i nŠdVoÀ`m H$mimV ~mJog {Z`[‘V nmUrnwadR>m H$amdm.
7) \$i VmoS>UrZ§Va Vm~S>Vmo~ ~mOmanoR>oV nmR>dmdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 127

~moa
OmVr … C‘amU, H$S>mH$m, Mwhmam, ‘ohéU B.
IVo … eoUIV 50 {H$bmo à{V PmS>mg N>mQ>UrZ§Va Úmdo. 250 J«°‘ ZÌ, 250 J«°‘ ñ’w$aX d 50 J«°‘ nmbme
à{V PmS> à{V df©. ZÌ XmoZ hâË`m§‘Üò {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
CËnmXZ$ … 75 Vo 125 [H$bmo / PmS> BVa ‘hÎdmMo ‘wÔo
1) ~moam§Mr N>mQ>Ur 60 g|. ‘r. n`ªV ‘w»` ImoS> R>odyZ 4 Vo 6 Xwæ`‘ \$m§Úm R>oD$Z N>mQ>Ur E{n«b d ‘o ‘{hÝ`mV H$amdr.
Iw§Q>mdarb \w$Q> doimodoir N>mQ>mdr.
2) ’$iJiVrMo à‘mU H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~mJoV ‘Y‘mí`m§À`m noQ>çm R>odmì`mV.
3) Am°³Q>mo~a ‘{hÝ¶mV Vmn‘mZ dmT>ë¶mg ~mJog EH$ g§ajH$ nmUr Úmdo.
noê$
O‘rZ … nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar, ‘Ü`‘ Vo hbŠ`m àVrMr O‘rZ
OmVr … gaXma (Eb-49)
A{^d¥ÕrMm àH$ma … Xm~ H$b‘
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 60 60 60 g|.‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o KoD$Z 2 {H$. gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> IV Q>mH$mdo. 5%
‘°b°{WAmZ (50-60 J«°‘) nmdS>a {‘gimdr. XmoZ PmS>mVrb d AmoirVrb A§Va 6 6 ‘rQ>a
à{V hoŠQ>ar PmS>m§Mr g§»`m 277 KZ bmJdS>tgmR>r 3 2 ‘r. A§Va R>odmdo.
IVo … nyU© dmT> Pmboë`m PmS>mg 4 Vo 5 K‘obr eoUIV, 900 J«°‘ ZÌ, 300 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX d 300 J«°‘
nmbme Úmdo n¡H$s {Zå‘m ZÌ ~hmamÀ`m doir d Cabobm ZÌ \$iYmaUoZ§Va Úmdm Va ñ\w$aX d nmbme
EH$mM hßË`mV ~hmamÀ`m doir Úmdm.
nrH$ g§ajU
1. \$i‘merMo {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ajH$ gmnù`mMm dmna H$amdm.
2. \$iHw$O amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r _°ÝH$moPo~ 35% S>ãë`w Or `m ~waerZmeH$mMr 20 J«°./ 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m à_mUmV
\$dmaUr H$amdr.
3. \$im§darb S>mJm§gmR>r _oÝH$moPo~ (0.2%) Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
4. amoJJ«ñV ’$io d ’$m§Úm ~mJoÀ¶m ~mhoa ZoD$Z OmiyZ Q>mH$mì¶mV d ~mJoV hdm IoiVr amhrb Aer _moH$irH$Vm R>odmdr.
BVa ‘hÎdmMo … ~mJoV \$m§Úm§Mr XmQ>r Pmë`mZ§Va ânya gw`©àH$me d hdm IoiVr amhÊ`mgmR>r VgoM `§ÌmZo ‘emJV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r hbH$s N>mQ>Ur Ho$ë`mg Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {‘iy eH$Vo. CÝhmù`mV \$im§Mo A{YH$ CËnmXZ
{‘iÊ`mgmR>r 2-4-5 Q>r 70 nrnrE‘ `m g§OrdH$mMr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ$ … 700 Vo 1500 \$io àËòH$ H$b‘r PmS>mnmgyZ {‘iVmV.
128Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{MHy$
O‘rZ … CÎm‘ {ZMè`mMr, Imob ‘Ü`‘ H$mir O‘rZ
hdm‘mZ … CîU d X‘Q>, OmñV nmdgmMm àXoe MwZIS>r`wº$ O‘rZ A`mo½` R>aVo.
OmVr … H$mbrnÎmr, {H«$Ho$Q>~m°b
A{^d¥ÕrMm àH$ma … {IaUr Iw§Q> dmnê$Z V`ma Ho$bobo ôQ> H$b‘ qH$dm e|S>m H$b‘
bmJdS>rMo A§Va : XmoZ PmS>mVrb d AmoirVrb A§Va 10 10 ‘rQ>a, à{V hoŠQ>ar PmS>m§Mr g§»`m 100
IVo … 1 1 1 ‘rQ>a AmH$mamMo IÈ>o KoD$Z Ë`mV 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d 4 Vo 5
K‘obr eoUIV qH$dm H§$nmoï> IV Q>mH$mdo. dmidrMm àmXw^m©d hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ 150 J«°‘ {bS>|Z
qH$dm H$m~m©arb ^wH$Q>r {‘gimdr. nmo`Q>m ‘mVrZo gd© {‘lUmg{hV IÈ>m ^ê$Z ¿`mdm. nyU©
dmT> Pmboë`m PmS>mg 100 {H$bmo eoUIV, 3 {H$bmo ZÌ, 2 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 2 {H$bmo nmbme
gßQ>|~a, OyZ ‘{hÝ`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
BVa ‘hÎdmMo … {IaUrÀ`m Iw§Q>mda Ho$bobr H$b‘oM dmnamdrV.
CËnmXZ$ … 1500 Vo 3000 \$io àËòH$ PmS>mg, Am{W©H$ Am`wî` 30 Vo 50 df}.
Zmai
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ àVrMr nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ.
hdm‘mZ … CîU d X‘Q> hdm‘mZ d g‘wÐH$mR>Mm àXoe A{YH$ Mm§Jbm.
OmVr … ~mUdbr, doñQ> H$moñQ> Q>m°b, àVmn
A{^d¥ÕrMm àH$ma … ZmaimnmgyZ amono V`ma H$ê$Z.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gbJ ~mJogmR>r 7.5 Vo 9 ‘rQ>a Va añË`mÀ`m H$S>obm qH$dm eoVmÀ`m ~m§Ymda 5.0 Vo 7.5 ‘rQ>a
A§Va R>odmdo.
PmS>m§Mr g§»`m … 177 qH$dm 124 à{V ho³Q>ar
IVo … 1 1 1 ‘rQ>a AmH$mamMo IÈ>o KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m Vimbm nmbmnmMmoim, 10 Vo 15 {H$bmo eoUIV
qH$dm H§$nmoï> IV, 2 {H$bmo gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d Mm§Jbr nmo`Q>m, ‘mVrZo ^ê$Z ¿`mdoV. 1
Q>¸$m H$m~m©arb ^wH$Q>r 100 Vo 150 J«°‘ {‘gimdr. ‘moR>çm PmS>mg à{Vdfu àËòH$s 1 {H$bmo
ZÌ, AYm© {H$bmo ñ\w$aX 1 {H$bmo nmbme d 50 {H$bmo eoUIV Úmdo. ZÌ VrZ Vo Mma hßË`mV
{d^mJyZ Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU … 1) H$mù`m S>moŠ`mÀ`m Airg ‘moZmoH«$moQ>mo’$m°g 11 {‘.br. à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr ¶m à‘mUo ’$dmaUr
H$amdr.
2) gm|S>çm ^w§½¶mÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r ImoS>mbm ‘moZmoH«$moQ>mo’$m°g 20 {‘brMo B§Oo³eZ Úmdo.
BVa ‘hÎdmMo … n{hbr 5 Vo 6 df© ~mJoV, nnB©, ^mOrnmbm, Ho$ir, aVmir, ^wB©‘wJ `mgmaIr Am§Va{nHo$ ¿`mdrV.
n{hë`m dfu amonm§Mo CÝhmnmgyZ g§ajU H$amdo.
CËnmXZ$ … 80 Vo 100 \$io àËòH$ PmS>mnmgyZ, Am{W©H$ Am`wî` 80 Vo 100 df©.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 129

Om§^yi
O‘rZ/ hdm‘mZ … nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar, Imob ‘mVrMr, Amobmdm Yê$Z R>odUmar O‘rZ `mo½` Amho. CîU d
g‘erVmoîU hdm‘mZ Mm§Jbo ‘mZdVo.
A{^d¥ÕrMm àH$ma … {~`m§nmgyZ JmXr dmâ`mda amono V`ma H$ê$Z VgoM n°M nÕVrZo S>moio ^ê$Z A{^d¥Õr H$aVm òVo.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 10 10 ‘r. bmJdS>rgmR>r 1 1 1 ‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o ImoXmdoV.
{e\$maerV OmVr … ñWm{ZH$ Am{U H$moH$U ~hmS>mobr
PmS>m§Mr g§»`m … 100 à{V hoŠQ>ar
IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ … IÈ>m âVmZm Ë`m‘Üò Vimbm nmbmnmMmoim Q>mHy$Z 15 Vo 20 {H$bmo Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV +
100 J«°‘ 10% + 15 Vo 20 {H$bmo nmo`Q>m ‘mVr d 1.5 {H$bmo qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> d Cd©arV ^mJ
Mm§Jë`m ‘mVrÀ`m {‘lUmZo âmdm. nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>mg (5 dfm©Z§Va) 50 {H$bmo eoUIV d 500
… 250 … 250 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme à{V PmS> Úmdo. ZÌ XmoZ g‘mZ hâË`m‘Üò {d^mJyZ Úmdo.
CËnmXZ$ … nyU© dmT>boë`m PmS>mnmgyZ (8 Vo 10 dfm©Z§Va) 50 Vo 100 {H$bmo \$io {‘iVmV.
qMM
O‘rZ/ hdm‘mZ …
‘Ü`‘ Vo hbH$s S>m|Ja CVmamMr d ‘Ü`‘ Imob O‘rZ `mo½` Amho. CîU d g‘erVmoîU hdm‘mZ
Mm§Jbo ‘mZdVo.
A{^d¥ÕrMm àH$ma … {~`m§nmgyZ VgoM ôQ> H$b‘ d e|S>m H$b‘ nÕVrZo.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 10 10 ‘r. bmJdS>rgmR>r 1 1 1 ‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o ImoXmdoV.
{e\$maerV OmVr … à{Vð>mZ, Z§~a- 263, AH$mobm ñ‘¥Vr, AO§R>m JmoS>qMM.
PmS>m§Mr g§»`m … 100 à{V hoŠQ>ar
IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ … IÈ>m âVmZm Ë`m‘Üò Vimbm nmbmnmMmoim Q>mHy$Z 15 Vo 20 {H$bmo Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV
+ nmo`Q>m ‘mVr d 1.5 {H$bmo qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> + 100 J«°. `m§À`m {‘lUmZo âmdm. nyU©
dmT>boë`m PmS>mg (5 dfm©Z§Va) 50 {H$bmo eoUIV d 500 … 250 … 250 J«°. ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d
nmbme à{V PmS> Úmdo.
CËnmXZ$ … gd©gmYmaUnUo 10 dfm©nmgyZ Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. 50 Vo 150 {H$bmo à{V PmS>
H$mJXr qb~y
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, hbH$s, ‘wa‘mS>, nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar, 6.5-8.0 gm‘y, MwZIS>r {dahrV,
jmam§Mo à‘mU 0.1% nojm H$‘r d MwÝ`mMo à‘mU 7-8% nojm H$‘r Agbobr O‘rZ bmJdS>rg
`mo½` Amho.
gwYm[aV OmVr … gmB© ea~Vr, \w$bo ea~Vr.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 6 6 ‘rQ>a, IS²>S>çmMo AmH$ma‘mZ 1 1 1 ‘rQ>a.
130Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

IV ì`dñWmnZ
PmS>mMo Úmd`mMr IVo d Ë`m§Àmm ‘mÌm à{V PmS>
d` (df}) OyZ gßQ>|~a OmZodmar
1 bmJdS>rMo doir eoUIV 10 {H$bmo, qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> 2 {H$bmo, 50 J«°‘ ZÌ 50 J«°‘ ZÌ
qZ~moir n|S> 1 {H$bmo Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© 25 J«°‘
2 eoUIV 15 {H$bmo ZÌ 100 J«°‘, qZ~moir n|S> 2 {H$bmo 50 J«°‘ ZÌ 50 J«°‘ ZÌ
3 eoUIV 15 {H$bmo, gw\$bm (15…15…15) 1 {H$bmo, qZ~moir n|S> 2 {H$bmo 100 J«°‘ ZÌ 100 J«°‘ ZÌ
4 eoUIV 15 {H$bmo, gw\$bm (15…15…15) 2 {H$bmo, å`waoQ> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e 150 J«°‘ ZÌ 150 J«°‘ ZÌ
500 J«°‘, {Z§~moir n|S> 15 {H$bmo
MmÏ¡>`m dfmZ©V§a darb IVm{§edm` 500 J‘°« ìh‘° + 100 J‘°« ñ\$waX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy + 100 J‘°« AP°mpoñn[ab‘
+ 100 J‘°« Q>´m`H$mSo>‘m© ha{O`mZ‘ Úmd.o gúy‘ AÞÐì`mMr H$‘VaVm AmT>ië`mg 0.5% qPH$ gë\$oQ>, 0.5% ‘½°Z{oe`‘ gë\$oQ>,
0.5% ‘J±ZorO gë\$oQ> 0.5% Am{U 0.3% \$oag gë\$oQ> d H$mn°a gë\$oQ> `m gúy‘ AÞÐì`mM§r EH$ÌrV \$dmaUr H$amdr.
nmUr … Mma dfmZ©V§a PmS>mZ§m Xhwaor Amio (S>~b [aJ¨) nÕVrZo O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘JXawmà‘mUo CÝhmù`mV 10-15
ì`dñWmnZ {XdgmZ§r Va {hdmù`mV 20-25 {XdgmÀ`m AV§amZo nmUr Úmd.o
AmV§anrH$ … gêw$dmVrÀ`m 4-5 dfmn©`Vª nÅ>m nÕVrZo ‘Jy, Mdir, ^Bw‘©Jy, CS>rX, lmdU KdoS>m, H$mX§m, bgUy,
H$m~or, haâm, ‘Wor XmZo Ami o rVrb ‘mHo$ù`m OmJVo AmV§a{nH$ åhUZy ¿`md.o
~hma … H$mJXr qb~Ày¶m hñV ~hmamVrb A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r OZy ‘{hÝ¶mV {O~{o«bH$ Ag°rS> (Or. A.o3)
ì¶dñWmnZ … 50 nr. nr. E‘. gßQ>~|a‘Ü¶o gm¶H$mgorb 1000 nr. nr. E‘. g{§OdH$mMr d Am³°Q>m~oa ‘{hÝ¶mV 1 Q>¸$m
nmQo>{°e¶‘ Zm¶Q>´Qo> ÐmdUmMr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
VU … ½bm`\$mgoQo> (½bm`gb o ) 100-120 {‘.{b. + 100-120 J‘°« `[wa`m 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy
ì`dñWmnZ VUmM§m àmX^wmd© {XgZy Amë`mda \$dmaUr H$amdr, Ë`mZV§aÀ`m XmZo \$dmaUr VUmM§r nZwC©JdU 30% AmT>iZy
Amë`mZV§a H$amì`mV
nrH$ ga§jU
1) nmZo ImUmar Air … {¹$Zmb ° ’$mg° 20 {‘.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
2) nmZo nmI
o aUmar Air … B{_S>mŠbm{oàS> 2.5 {‘.{b. qH$dm Š`Zwmb ° \$mg° 20{_.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
3) {g„m, ‘mdm … S>m`{‘WmEoQ> 20 {‘.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
4) {nR>çm T>Ho$yU … S>m`{‘WmEoQ> 20 {‘.{b. qH$dm Šbmaomnom`[a\$mg° 25 {_.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
5) Idbo {H$S> … ³bmaonm¶ar’$mg° 25 {‘br.AWdm ìh{Q>{©gbr¶‘ bHo$°Zr 40 J‘°« + 50 {‘br XYþ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV
{‘giZy ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
6) H$mir _mer … Š`Zwmb ° \$mg° 20 {_.br. qH$dm Q>´m`Pm\o$mg° 20 {_.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
7) H$mi
o r … nmÊ`mV {_giUmao JY§H$ 30 J_°« qH$dm S>m`H$m\o$mb ° 20 {_.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giZy \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
8) H$±H$a/Iè¡`m … amJoJñ«V \$mÚ§mM§r N>mQ>Ur H$amdr, nmdgmù`mVrb ‘{hÝ`mV ñQ>ßóQ>mgom`ŠbrZ 1 J‘°« + H$mn°a
AmŠ°grŠbmaomBS©> 30 J‘°« 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy 3-4 \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. $qH$dm OZy ‘{hÝ`mVrb
N>mQ>UrZV§a H$mn°a AmŠ°grŠbmaomBS©> (30 J‘°« 10 {b.nmUr) Mr EH$ \$dmaUr ZV§a {Z~§mi o r AH$© À`m
XmZo \$dmaÊ`m (500 J‘°« 10 {b.nmUr) H$amì`mV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 131

9) {Q>´ñQ>P
o m …‘mdm `m amJodmhH$ {H$S>tMo Am~§o ~hma, ‘J¥ ~hma d hñV ~hmamVrb ZdrZ nmbdrMo AmV§aàdmhr
{H$Q>H$ZmeH$ dmnê$Z amJomMm àgma {Z`{§ÌV R>domdm.
10) eS|>o ‘a … H$mn°a AmŠ°grŠbmaomBS©> 30 J‘°« 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy dfmV©Zy 3-4 ’$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
11) CËnmXZ …2500 Vo 3000 \$io à{V PmS> à{V df©.
‘mog§~r
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ H$mir H$gXma, ^wg^werV, nmo`Q>çmMr, nmÊ`mMm CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar, MwZIS>r {da{hV, gm‘y
6.5-7.5 Agbobr, jmam§Mo à‘mU 0.1 Q>ŠŠ`mnojm H$‘r Va CnbãY MwÝ`mMo à‘mU 5-7% nojm
OmñV Zgmdo.
Iw§Q>mMm dmna … a§Jnya bmB©‘ AWdm a§Jnya bmB©‘ amhþar.
dmU … ‘mog§~r, \w$bo ‘mog§~r.
bmJdS>rMo … 6 6 ‘rQ>a, IS²>S>çmMo AmH$ma‘mZ 1 1 1 ‘rQ>a, bmJdS>rMo doir H$b‘mMm OmoS> O{‘ZrnmgyZ
A§Va … 20-25 g|.‘r. C§Mrda Agmdm.
IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ … (àËòH$ PmS>mg)

PmS>mMo d` (df}) eoUIV({H$bmo) qZ~moir n|S> ({H$bmo) ZÌ (J«°‘) ñ\w$aX (J«°‘) nmbme(J«°‘)
1 10 0.5 75 50 100
2 10-15 1 125 75 150
3 15-20 2 250 100 300
4 15-20 4 400 150 400
5 20 15 800 300 600
nmMì`m dfm©Z§Va Am§~o ~hma AWdm ‘¥J~hma ¿`mdm. Am§~o ~hmamgmR>r Zmoìh|~a - {S>g|~a ‘{hÝ`mV Va ‘¥J ~hmamgmR>r
E{àb- ‘o ‘{hÝ`mV ~mJoMo nmUr Wm§~dmdo d VmU Úmdm. ~hma KoVmZm darb IVm§{edm` 500 J«°‘ ìh°‘ + 100 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX
{daKi{dUmao {OdmUy + 100 J«°‘ Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© ha{O`mZ‘ + 100 J«°‘ A°Pmopñn[ab‘ Úmdo. VmU gmoS>Vm§Zm g|{Ð` IVo EH$m
~m§JS>rV Q>mHy$Z Va amgm`{ZH$ IVo Xwgè`m ~m§JS>rVyZ Úmdo. VgoM ‘Ü¶‘ Imob H$mù¶m O{‘ZrV bmJdS> Ho$boë¶m ‘mog§~rÀ¶m
Am§~o ~hmamVrb XO©oXma ’$im§À¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r AÞÐì¶mMr ‘mÌm nwT>rbà‘mUo {d^mJyZ Úmdr. OmZodmar - 40 Q>¸o$
ZÌ ( 320 J«°‘ ZÌ) + 50 Q>¸o$ ñ’w$aX (150 J«°‘ ñ’w$aX) ‘mM© - 40 Q>¸o$ ZÌ (320 J«°‘ ZÌ) + 50 Q>¸o$ ñ’w$aX ( 150
J«°‘ ñ’w$aX) ‘o. - 20 Q>¸o$ ZÌ (160 J««°‘ ZÌ) +50 Q>¸o$ nmbme (300 J«°‘ nmbme) Owb¡- 25 Q>¸o$ nmbme ( 150 J«°‘
nmbme)d gï>|~a - 25 Q>¸o$ nmbme (150 J«°‘ nmbme). IVo {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao Úmd`mMr Agë`mg {e\$magrV ‘mÌoÀ`m 75
Q>¸o$ ZÌ Am{U nmbme åhUOoM 600 J«°‘ ZÌ Am{U 450 J«°‘ nmbme à{V PmS> à{V dfu {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao Am{U 20 {H$bmo
eoUIV +15 {H$bmo qZ~moir n|S> + 300 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX à{V PmS> à{V dfu O{‘ZrVyZ Úmdo. VgoM npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mVrb ‘Ü`‘
H$mù`m O{‘ZrV bmJdS> Ho$boë`m ‘mog§~rMo Am§{~`m ~hmamMo go§{Ð` nÕVrZo XO}Xma ’$im§Mo A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r 20 {H$bmo
Jm§Sy>iIV + 8 {H$bmo qZ~moir n|S> àVr PmS> àVr dfu O{‘ZrVyZ VgoM nrH$ g§ajUmgmR>r 5 Q>¸o$ qZ~moir AH©$ d 1 Q>¸$m
qZ~moir Vob `m§Mr ’$dmaUr H$aÊ`mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
132Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘mM© d Owb¡ ‘{hÝ`mV ZdrZ nmbdr Amë`mZ§Va 0.5% qPH$ gë\o$Q>, ‘±JoZrO gë\o$Q> d ‘°JZo{e`‘ gë\o$Q> Am{U
0.3% \o$ag gë\o$Q> d H$m°na gë\o$Q> `m gyú‘ AÞÐì`m§Mr EH${ÌV \$dmaUr H$amdr. VmU gmoS>Vm§Zm Am§~dUr- qM~dUr
nÕVrZo 3-4 nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV. nmUr Xwhoar Amio (~m§JS>r) nÕVrZo Úmdo.
Am§VanrHo$ … gwadmVrÀ`m 5-6 dfm©n`ªV XmoZ Amoir‘Üò ^wB©‘yJ, ‘yJ, CS>rX, gmo`m~rZ, Jdma, Mdir, nmbo^mÁ`m,
nmZH$mo~r, \w$bH$mo~r, H$m§Xm, Jhÿ bmdmdo d ha~am Am§Va{nH$ åhUyZ ¿`mdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … nmM dfm©Z§Va PmS>m§Zm Xwhoar Amio (S>~b [a¨J) nÕVrZo O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘JXwamà‘mUo CÝhmù`mV 10 - 15
{Xdgm§Zr Va {hdmù`mV 20-25 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo nmUr Úmdo. ‘mog§~r ~mJ {R>~H$ qgMZmda
Agboë`m npíM‘ ‘hmamï´>mV Am§~o ~hmamVbr ‘mog§~r ~mJoMr Omo‘Xma dmT>, A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$
’$m`ÚmgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕVrZo 40 Q>¸o$ ~mîn-nUm}ËgO©Z Pmë`mZ§Va EH$ {XdgmAmS> nmUr XoÊ`mMr
{e’$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
VU ì`dñWmnZ … ½bm`\$mogoQ> (½bm`gob) 100-120 {‘.{b. + 100-120 J«°‘ `w[a`m àVr 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ
VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d {XgyZ Amë`mda \$dmaUr H$amdr, Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m XmoZ \$dmaUr VUm§Mr nyZ©CJdU 30%
AmT>iyZ Amë`mZ§Va H$amì`mV.
nrH$ g§ajU
1) {g„m,‘mdm … S>m`{‘WmoEQ> 20 {‘.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr ¿`mdr.
2) nmZo ImUmar Air …{¹$Zm°b’$m°g 20 {‘.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
3) nmZo nmI
o aUmar Air … B{_S>mŠbm{oàS> 2.5 {‘.{b. qH$dm Š`Zwmb
° \$mg° 20{_.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
4) H$mir _mer … Š`Zwmb
° \$mg° 20 {_.br. qH$dm Q>´m`Pm\o$mg° 20 {_.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giZy \$dmaUr H$amdr.
5) {nR>çm T>oHy$U … Šbmoanmàr\$m°g 25 {‘.{b. qH$dm S>m`{‘WmoEQ> 20 {‘.{b. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo
6) Idbo {H$S> … ³bmaonm¶ar’$mg° 25 {‘br.AWdm ìh{Q>{©gbr¶‘ bHo$°Zr 40 J‘°« + 50 {‘br XYþ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV
{‘giZy ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
7) bmb H$mi
o r … nmÊ`mV {_giUmao JY§H$ 30 J_°« qH$dm S>m`H$m\o$mb
° 20 {_.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giZy \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
8) e|S>o ‘a … nmdgmù`mnydu d Z§Va amoJJ«ñV \$m§Úm N>mQy>Z Q>mH$mì`m. H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> 30 J«°_ 10 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {_giyZ dfm©VyZ 3-4 doim \$dmamdo.
9) {Q´>ñQ>oPm, … AZwH«$‘o ‘mdm d {gëbm `m amoJ dmhH$ {H$S>tMo Am§~o ~hma, ‘¥J ~hma d hñV ~hmamVrb ZdrZ
J«rZtJ nmbdrMo Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ dmnê$Z amoJmMm àgma {Z`§ÌrV R>odmdo.
10) CËnmXZ … 300 Vo 400 \$io à{V PmS> à{V df©.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 133

ñQ´>m°~oar
O‘rZ … ‘Ü¶‘ H$mir, nmÊ¶mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar
â IVo … 10 Vo 15 Q>Z eoUIV à{V ho³Q>ar
gwYm[aV OmVr … ñdrQ> Mmbu, H°$‘oamoPm, {dÝQ>aS>m°Z, goëdm, Mm§S>ba
noaUrMr doi … Iarn-OwZ-Owb¡
bmJdS>rMoA§Va … 7590 g|.‘r. JmXr dmâ¶mda, 2 amonmVrb A§Va-30 g|.‘r. d XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 60 g|.‘r.
A{^d¥ÜXr … {~¶m, ImoS>, aZa d CVr g§dYuV amonm§Ûmao
amgm¶{ZH$ IVo … 120…100…75 {H$bmo ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme à{V ho³Q>ar
nnB©
O‘rZ … CÎm‘ {ZMè¶mMr, gwnrH$, ‘Ü¶‘ H$mir Vm§~S>r nmo¶Q>çmMr O{‘Z ¶mo½¶ R>aVo. Om§ä¶m IS>H$mÀ¶m
O{‘ZrV nnB©Mr PmS>o CÎm‘ dmT>VmV. O{‘ZrVm gm‘w 6.5 Vo 8.0 Agmdm. MwZIS>rMm d IS>H$mi
O{‘ZrV nnB©Mr PmS>o Mm§Jbr dmT>V ZmhrV. nnB© PmS>mÀ¶m ‘wim§Mr Imobr 4 go.‘r. n¶ªV Imob
OmV Agë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMm daMm Wa ^wg^wgrV Z§VaMm 45 goo.‘r. {R>gwi ‘wa‘mMm Agë¶mg nnB©
{nH$mbm AZwHw$b AgVo.
hdm‘mZ … nnB©Mo PmS> CîU H${Q>~§YmV dmT>Umao Amho. H$S>m³¶mMr W§S>r d OmoaXma dmao ¶m {nH$mbm hmZrH$maH$
R>aVmVm. nnB© {nH$mg gamgar Vmn‘mZ 15 Vo 30 A§e go.J«o. Am{U dm{f©H$ nmD$g‘mZ 1500 {‘.
{‘. ‘mZdVo. nnB©À¶m dmT>rgmR>r OmñVrV OmñV Vmn‘mZ 44 A§e go. J«o. d H$‘rV H$‘r 10 A§e
go. J«| n¶ªV ghZ H$ê$ eH$VmV.
OmVr … Za Am{U ‘mXr ’w$bo doJdoJù¶m PmS>mda ¶oUmè¶m OmVr dmqe½Q>Z, H$mo-5 H$mo-6 nwgm S´>m°’$, nwgm
ZÝhm, nwgm Om§¶Q>, Ë¶mMà‘mUo Hw$J© hZrS>¶w, H$mo-7 nwgm S>o{b{g¶g, gZamB©O gmobmo, AH$m© à^mV øm
C^¶qbJr AmhoV. nonoZ gmR>r H$mo - 2, nwgm ‘°OoñQ>r ¶m dmUmMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambobr Amho.
amono V¶ma H$aUo … VmOo ~r dmnéZ amono V¶ma H$amdrV. EH$ ho³Q>a gmR>r 250 Vo 300 J°«‘ {~¶mUo nwaogo Amho. nm°{bWrZ
{ne{dV V¶ma Ho$boë¶m amonm§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. Ë¶mgmR>r 150 JoO À¶m 18
33 go. ‘r. À¶m Jmob ~wS> Agboë¶m ßbmpñQ>H$ {neì¶m amono dmT>{dÊ¶mH$[aVm dmnamì¶mV. àË¶oH$
{nedrV 1 Vo 3 ~r bmdwZ Vo Mm§Jë¶m Hw$Oboë¶m H§$nmoñQ>Zo PmHw$Z nmUr Úmdo. amono bmJdS>r¶mo½¶ gw‘mao 6
Vo 7 AmR>dS>çm§Zr V¶ma hmoVmV.
bmJdS> h§Jm‘ … ^maVmV nnB©Mr bmJdS> df©âmV ‘w»¶Ëdo OwZ-Owb¡, gßQ>|~a-Am°³Q>m~a, Am{U OmZo-’o$~«wdmar ¶m VrZ
h§Jm‘mV H$aVmV. ‘hmamï´>mV ‘w»¶Ëdo bmJdS> OyZ Vo Am°³Q>mo~a ¶m ‘{hÝ¶mn¶ªV Ho$br OmVo.
namJrH$aU … nnB© ’$i{nH$mV Za d ‘mXr PmS>o ñdV§Ì Agë¶mZo d Aer PmS>o ’w$bmoam Amë¶m{edm¶ AmoiIVm ¶oV
Zgë¶mZo bmJmdS>rÀ¶m {R>H$mUr XmoZ amono bmdmdr. ‘mXr PmS>mnmgwZ CËnmXZ {‘iV Agë¶m‘wio ¶m
PmS>m§Mr g§»¶m OmñV AgUo ’$m¶ÚmMo AgVo. VgoM ~mJo‘Ü¶o Za d ‘mXr PmS>o doJdoJir Agë¶mg
10 Q>³Ho$ Za PmS>m§Mr g§»¶m {dIwaboë¶m ñdénmV Agmdr. C^¶qbJr nnB©À¶m OmVrMr bmJdS>
àË¶oH$ bmJdS>rÀ¶m {R>H$mUr EH$M amon bmdbo OmVo. CXm. Hw$J© hZrS>çw, AH$m©à^mV B.
134Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

bmJdS> nÓV … bmJdS>r nydu O{‘ZrMr AmS>dr C^r ZmJ§aUr H$amdr. Hw$iì¶mÀ¶m nmù¶m XoD$Z T>oH$io ’$moSw>Z ¿¶mdrV d
O{‘Z gnmQ> H$amdr.2.252.25 ‘r. d 2.50 2.00 ‘r. A§Vamda bmJdS> H$amdr.
IV ì¶dñWmnZ … nnB© bmJdS> H$amd¶mÀ¶m joÌmV eoUIV AWdm H§$nmoñQ> IV à{V ho³Q>ar 40-50 ~¡bJmS>çm (20
‘o.Q>Z) O{‘ZrV {‘giyZ Úmdo. bmJdS>rZ§Va 200…200…200 J««°‘ ZÌ, ñ’w$aX d nmbme àË¶oH$ PmS>mg
bmJdS>rZ§Va g‘mZ Mma hßË¶mV n{hë¶m, {Vgè¶m, nmMì¶m d gmVì¶m ‘{hÝ¶mV ~m§JS>r nÓVrZo
{d^mJwZ ÚmdrV.
nmUr … {hdmù¶mV gmYmaUnUo Xa 10 {XdgmZr Va CÝhmù¶mV AmR>dS>çmVwZ EH$Xm nmUr Úmdo. Amio nÕVr,
ì¶dñWmnZ gar qH$dm qR>~H$ qgMZ ¶m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
Am§Va‘emJV … ~mJ {Z§XyZ ñdÀN> R>odmdr. ~mJoMr ImX§Ur Xa XmoZ ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr H$amdr. ’w$bo Amë¶mda 10 Q>¸o$ Za PmS>o
R>odwZ ~mH$sMr Za PmS>o H$mT>mdrV. ’$im§Mr XmQ>r Pmë¶mg Ë¶m§Mr {daiUr H$amdr. ‘w»¶ ImoS>mg
¶oUmao ~Jb ’$mQ>o bJoM H$mTw>Z Q>mH$mdo.
’$imMr … gmYmaUnUo nnB©Mo amon bmJdS>rnmgwZ nmM Vo gmV ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr ’w$bo ¶oVmV d Ë¶mZ§Va ’$io H$mT>UrgmR>r
H$mT>Ur d Mma Vo ghm ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr V¶ma hmoVmV. gmbrVrb MrH$ XþYmgmaIm Z {ZKVm nmÊ¶mgmaIm {ZKë¶mg
{dH«$s gwê$dmV Pmë¶mZ§Va d nnB©À¶m ’$imda {ndim S>moim nS>bm åhUOo nnB© PmS>mdéZ H$mT>Ê¶mg V¶ma
Pmbr Ago g‘Omdo. XþaÀ¶m ~mOmanoR>og ’$io nmR>dm¶Mr Agë¶mg ’$io Q>moH$mH$S>rb ~mOwg {ndiga
hmoVmM H$mT>mdr. nnB©À¶m EH$m PmS>mnmgwZ gamgar 30 Vo 80 ’$io ( 40 Vo 80 {H$bmo) {‘iVmV.
nn¶m [a¨J … hm {dîmmUw‘wio hmoUmam amoJ Amho. ¶m amoJmÀ¶m àmXþ^m©dm‘wio nnB©À¶m PmS>mdarb ZdrZ ¶oUmar nmbdr
ñnm°Q> qH$dm {ndiga {XgVo d dmT>rÀ¶m H$mimV nmZm§À¶m {eam {haì¶m {XgwZ ¶oVmV. nmZo hmVmbm MaMarV bmJVmV
nn¶m ‘moPm°H$ d Ë¶mda {ndiga {hado MÅ>o {XgwZ ¶oVmV. amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d Vrd« Agë¶mg nmZmMm AmH$ma H$‘r hmoD$Z
[H§$dm Ho$dS>m nmZo EImÚm Ym½¶mà‘mUo {XgVmV. Aem amoJJ«ñV PmS>m§Mr ’$io AmH$mamZo bhmZ
d doS>rdmH$S>r hmoVmV. Ë¶m‘wio CËnmXZmV bjUr¶ KQ> hmoV. nnB©darb {dfm§UwOÝ¶ amoJ PmS>mda
Amë¶mZ§Va Ë¶mMo {Z¶§ÌU hmoV Zmhr.
Cnm¶… 1) amoJmg àVrH$maj‘ AWdm H$‘r ~ir nS>Umè¶m OmVrMr bmJdS> H$amdr.
2) nnB©da {dfmUwOÝ¶ amoJmg àgma ‘mdm {H$S>r‘wio hmoVmo åhUwZ ‘mdm {H$S>rË¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r amono
amondmQ>rHo$V Agë¶mnmgwZ H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
3) ‘mdm {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d {XgwZ ¶oVmM 15 {Xdgm§À¶m A§VamZo 10 {‘. {b. S>m¶{‘WmoEQ> qH$dm 10 {‘.
{b. {Z‘mH©$ à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaë¶mg ‘mdm {H$S>rMo {Z¶§ÌU hmoVo.
4) nnB©À¶m ~mJoV ‘mdm {H$S>rMm {eaH$md Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r ~mJo^modVr C§M nrH$ bmdwZ AS>Wim {Z‘m©U
H$amdm. Ë¶m‘wio ~mhþoéZ ¶oUmam ‘mdm {H$S> nnB©À¶m ~mJoV ¶oÊ¶mg AS>Wim {Z‘m©U hmoVmo d Ë¶m‘wio
{dfmUwOÝ¶ amoJmMm àgma H$‘r hmoVmo.
ImoS>Hw$O qH$dm … hm amoJ ~waernmgwZ hmoVmo. PmS>mMm ~w§Ym H$mim nSw>Z Vmo ^mJ ‘D$ hmoVmo. nnB©À¶m ~w§Ü¶mbm OmñV
~w§YmgS> nmUr bmJë¶mZo ~w§Ym gS>Vmo.
Cnm¶ … nmÊ¶mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmè¶m O{‘ZrVM nnB©Mr bmJdS> H$amdr. ImoS>mbm nmUr bmJw Z¶o
åhUwZ Xþhoar ~m§JS>r nÕVrZo nmUr Úmdo. ~mJoV OmñV doi nmUr gmMw XoD$ Z¶o.
{nR>çm T>oHw$U … ¶m {H${S>Mm àmXþ^m©d nnB©Mr nmZo, ImoS> d ’$im§da ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {XgwZ ¶oVmo. àmXþ^m©dJ«ñV ^mJmda
H$mir ~waer dmT>ë¶m‘wio H$~©J«hZmda A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo d ’$io ImÊ¶mg A¶moJ hmoVmV.
Cnm¶ … àmXþ^m©d J«ñV ~mJoV A°{gamo’°$Jg nnB© namonOrdr {H$Q>H$mMo àgmaU H$amdo. qH$dm àmXþ^m©d OmñV
AmT>ië¶mg 5% qZ~moir AH©$ VgoM àmo’o$Zmo’$m°g 50 Bgr. 20 {‘. br. d ~wàmo’o$PrZ 25% àdmhr
20 {‘. br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 135

^mOrnmbm {nHo$
H$m§Xm
gwYmarV dmU … Iarn … \w$bo g_W©, ~gd§V 780, A°J«r\$mD§$S> S>mH©$ aoS>
am§JS>m … ~gd§V 780, \w$bo g_W©, EZ-2-4-1
CÝhmir … EZ.-2-4-1, A°J«r\$mD§$S> bmB©Q> aoS>, AH$m© {ZHo$VZ
bmJdS>rMr doi … Iarn … Owb¡ - Am°JñQ>
am§JSm … gßQ>|~a - Am°ŠQ>mo~a
CÝhmir … Zmoìh|~a - {S>g|~a
{~`mÊ`mMo à_mU … 8 Vo 10 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … Iarn … 15 10 go._r.
am§JS>m … 15 10 go._r.
CÝhmir … 15 10 go._r.
IVm§Mr _mÌm … 100…50…50 ZÌ … ñ\w$aX … nmbme {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a
Am§Va_emJV … 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo {Z`{_V IwanUr H$aUo. bmJdS>rnmgyZ 1 _{hÝ`mZo daIVmÀ`m
_mÌm Úmì`mV.
EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` … A) g|{Ð` IVo … 25 Vo 30 Q>Z eoUIV/hoŠQ>a
ì`dñWmnZ ~) OrdmUw IVo … APmopñnarb_ d ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdUw 25 J«°_/{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg
Mmoimdo.
IVo XoÊ`mMr doi … 1) g|{Ð` IVo bmJdS>rnydu 15 {Xdg AJmoXa Úmdo.
2) amgm`{ZH$ IVo 100…50…50 {H$bmo ZÌ … ñ\w$aX … nmbme/hoŠQ>a, AY} ZÌ, g§nwU© ñ\w$aX d
nmbme noaUrÀ`m doir Úmdr d Cd©arV 50 {H$bmo ZÌ 2 g_mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ 30 d 45
{Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
3) OrdUy IVo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu Mmoimdo.
Am§Va_emJV … 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo {Z`{_V IwanUr H$aUo.
H$sS d amoJ> \w$b{H$S>o … ~marH$ {n„o nmZmVrb ag emofyZ KoVmV Ë`m_wio nmZo IadS>ë`mgmaIr {XgVmV.
Ë`mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30 B©gr 15 {_.br. qH$dm b°å~S>m gm`h°bmoW«rZ 5 B©.gr. 6
{_.br. qH$dm {ŠdZm°b\$m°g 25 B©.gr. 24 {_.br. `m {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§À`m AmbQw>Z nmbQw>Z
\$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. \$dmaUr H$aVm§Zm {MH$Q> Ðì`mMm (0.1%) dmna Oê$a H$amdm.
H$anm amoJ … nmZmda {ndiga ^waH$Q> a§JmMo {R>nHo$ {XgVmV. `mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>m`WoZ E_-
45 (0.3%) ho ~waerZmeH$ 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo \$dmamdoV.
CËnmXZ … Iarn … 100 Vo 150 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
am§JS>m … 200 Vo 250 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
CÝhmir … 250 Vo 350 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
136Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{_aMr
gwYmarV dmU … \w$bo Á`moVr
bmJdS>rMr doi … Iarn … OyZ - Owb¡
{~`mÊ`mMo à_mU … 1.0 Vo 1.25 {H$bmo àVr hoŠQ>ar. amondmQ>rHo$V amono V`ma H$amdrV (40 Vo 45 {Xdg)
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … Iarn … 60 45 go_r.
_mÌm Úmì`mV.
EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` … A) g|{Ð` IVo … 20 Vo 25 Q>Z eoUIV/hoŠQ>a
ì`dñWmnZ ~) OrdmUw IVo … ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdUw 25 J«°_/{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo.
{Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
4) {~`mÊ`mg Q´>m`H$moS>_m© 5 J«°_ àVr {H$bmo `m à_mUmV ~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr.
Am§Va_emJV … 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo {Z`{_V IwanUr H$aUo. \w$bo òÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg PmS>m§Zm â
bmdmdr. åhUOo PmS>o H$mob_S>Zma ZmhrV.
H$sS d amoJ> \w$b{H$S>o … \w$b{H$S>o ho nmZmÀ`m ImbÀ`m ~mOyg amhVmV Am{U nmZmVrb ag emofyZ KoVmV
Ë`m_wio nmZmÀ`m H$S>m darb ~mOyg diVmV. nmZo bhmZ hmoVmV `mbmM ~moH$S>çm qH$dm MwaS>m-
_waS>m Ago åhUVmV. `m {H$S>rMo à_mU H$moaS>çm hdm_mZmV OmñV AmT>iVo. Ë`mÀ`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30 B©gr 15 {_br. qH$dm B{_S>mŠbmo{àS> 17.8 Eg.Eb. 5 {_br
qH$dm {\$àmo{Zb 5 Eg.gr. 15 {_br. `m {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mÀ`m AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z \$dmaÊ`m
H$amì`mV. \$dmaUr H$aVm§Zm nmdgmir dmVmdaUm_Üò {MH$Q> Ðì`mMm (0.1%) dmna Oê$a
H$amdm.
H$moir … {_aMr {nH$mda H$moir AmT>ië`mg \o$Zàmon°W«rZ 30 B©gr 5 {_br. qH$dm \o$Z°ŠPm¹$sZ 10 B©.gr.
25 {_br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
\$iHy$O Am{U … `m amoJmÀ`m àmXþ^m©dm_wio {haì`m qH$dm bmb {_aMr \$im§da Am{U nmZmda dVw©imH$ma Jmob S>mJ
\$m§Úm dmiUo {XgVmV. X_Q> hdoV amoJmMo O§Vw doJmZo dmT>VmV Am{U \$imda H$minQ> MÅ>o {XgVmV. Aer \$io
Hw$OVmV, \$m§Úm dmiUo `m amoJmMr gwadmV e|S>çmH$Sy>Z hmoVo. àW_ e|S>o _aVmV. amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d
OmñV Pmë`mg PmS>o gwHy$Z dmiVmV. VgoM nmZm§da Am{U \$m§Úmda H$mio {R>nHo$ {XgVmV. ho amoJ
H$moboQ>mo{Q´>H$_ `m ~waer_wio hmoVmV. `m amoJmMr bjUo {XgVmM e|S>o IwSy>Z Ë`mMm Zme H$amdm
VgoM _°ÝH$moPo~ qH$dm H$m°na Am°ŠgrëH$moamB©S> `m n¡H$s EH$ 25 Vo 30 J«°_, 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
{_giyZ amoJ {XgVmM Xa 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 3-4 \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
^war amoJ … ^war `m amoJm_wio nmZmÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmda Am{U ImbÀ`m ~mOwg nm§T>ar ~waer {XgVo. amoJ OmñV
~imdë`mg nmZo JiyZ nS>VmV. `m amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d {XgVmM nmÊ`mV {daKiUmao J§YH$ 30 J«°_
10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giwZ 2-3 \$dmaÊ`m Xa 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo H$amì`mV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 137

{b\$ H$b© (MwaS>m _waS>m)… hm {dfmUyOÝ` amoJ Amho. `m amoJmMm àgma \w$b{H$S>o, _mdm Am{U H$moir `m ag emofyZ KoUmè`m
{H$S>r_m\©$V hmoVmo. øm {H$S>r nmZmVrb AÞag emofyZ KoVmV. Ë`m_wio nmZmÀ`m {eam_Yrb
^mJmda gwaHw$Ë`m nSy>Z g§nyU© nmZm§Mr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo Am{U PmS> amoJQ> {XgVo. S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30 B©gr
15 {_br/ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV Xa 15 {Xdgm§Zr 4 Vo 5 \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. \w$b{H$S>çm§À`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {\$àmoZrb 5 Eg.gr. 15 {_br. Am{U H$moirÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r \o$ZmŠPm{ŠdZ
10 B©gr. 25 {_br. à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
CËnmXZ … {hadr {_aMr … 100 Vo 200 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
bmb dmibobr {_aMr … 15 Vo 20 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
dm§Jr
gwYmarV dmU … _m§Oar JmoQ>m, \w$bo h[aV, H¥$îUm (g§H$arV), \w$bo AOw©Z (g§H$arV)
bmJdS>rMr doi … Iarn … Owb¡ - Am°JñQ>
CÝhmir … \o$~w«dmar - _mM©
{~`mÊ`mMo à_mU … 400 Vo 500 J«°_ gwYmarV d 120 Vo 150 J«°_ g§H$arV dmUmgmR>r àVr hoŠQ>ar. amondmQ>rHo$V amono
V`ma H$amdrV (40 Vo 45 {Xdg)
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … Iarn … 90 90 go_r.
CÝhmir … 75 75 go_r., g§H$arV … 120 90 go_r.
_mÌm Úmì`mV. PmS>m§Zm â bmdmdr.
EH$mpË_H$ AÞÐì` … A) g|{Ð` IVo … 20 Vo 25 JmS>çm eoUIV/hoŠQ>a
ì`dñWmnZ ~) OrdmUw IVo … ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao OrdUw 25 J«°_/{H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo.
{Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
4) {~`mÊ`mg Q´>m`H$moS>_m© 5 J«°_ àVr {H$bmo `m à_mUmV ~rOà{H«$`m H$amdr.
Am§Va_emJV … 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo {Z`{_V IwanUr H$aUo. \w$bo òÊ`mÀ`m gw_mamg PmS>m§Zm â
bmdmdr. åhUOo PmS>o H$mob_S>Zma ZmhrV.
ag emofUmar H$sS> … nmZmVrb ag emofyZ KoVmV Ë`m_wio nmZmÀ`m H$S>m darb ~mOyg diVmV `m {H$S>rMo à_mU
VwS>VwS>o, _mdm, H$moaS>çm hdm_mZmV OmñV AmT>iVo. Ë`mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>m`_oWmoEQ> 30 B©gr 20 {_br. qH$dm
nm§T>ar _mer [¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25 B©.gr. 20 {_br. qH$dm \o$Zàmon°W«rZ 30 B©.gr. 5 {_br. `m H$sQ>H$ZmeH$mÀ`m
AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. \$dmaUr H$aVm§Zm nmdgmir dmVmdaUmV {MH$Q> Ðì`mMm
(0.1%) dmna Oê$a H$amdm.
H$moir … dm§Jr {nH$mda H$moir AmT>ië`mg \o$Zàmon°W«rZ 30 B©gr 5 {_br. qH$dm S>m`H$mo\$m°b 20 {_br.
10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
138Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

e|S>m d \$io … dm§½`mda {deofV… e|S>o nmoIaUmar Air OmñV à_mUmV {XgyZ òVo. `m_Üò Air àW_V… PmS>mda
nmoIaUmar Air \$io ZgVmZm H$modù`m e|S>çmV {eê$Z AmVrb ^mJ ImVo. Ë`m_wio e|S>o dmiVmV. Z§Va \$io
Amë`mda \$imV {eéZ AmVrb ^mJ ImVo. Ë`m_wio Aem \$im§Zm ~mOmamV qH$_V {_iV Zmhr.
`m {H$S>r_wio \$im§Mo 40-50 Q>¸o$ ZwH$gmZ hmody eH$Vo. `mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r bmJdS>rZ§Va 20
{Xdgm§Zr Xa AmR>dS>çmbm {H$S>bobo e|S>o d \$io AmT>ië`mg Vr Jmoim H$ê$Z Zï> H$amdrV
qH$dm Imob IS²>S>çmV nwê$Z Q>mH$mdr VgoM 4 Q>¸o$ qZ~moir AH©$ qH$dm gm`na_o{W«Z 25 Q>¸o$
àdmhr 5 {_br qH$dm Šbmoamonmàr\$m°g 20 B©gr 20 {_br. qH$dm S>oëQ>m_oW«rZ 1% +
Q´>m`Pmo\$m°g (g§`wº$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$) 20 {_br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ gmÜ`m hmVn§nmZo \$dmamdo.
~moH$S>çm / nZ©JwÀN> … dm§½`m_Yrb ~moH$S>çm qH$dm nU©JwÀN> `m amoJm_wio nmZmMr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo. Vr bhmZ Am{U
~moH$S>ë`mgmaIr {XgVmV. ho amoJ A{Vgyú_ Aem KmVH$ bgr_wio (_m`H$moßbmP²_m) hmoVmo
Am{U `mMm àgma VwS>VwS>çm§_wio hmoVmo. H$mhr doim {deofV… nmdgmir h§Jm_mV hm amoJ
ZwH$gmZH$maH$ R>aVmo. `mÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr åhUOo `m amoJmMm
àgma hmoUma Zmhr. VgoM S>m`_oWmoEQ> 20 {_br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§À`m
A§VamZo 3 Vo 4 \$dmaÊ`m ¿`mì`mV. amoJQ> PmS>o {XgVmM Vr CnQy>Z Zï> H$amdrV.
\$iHw$O … \$iHy$O hm amoJ \$mo_m°ßgrg ìhoŠPmÝg ZmdmÀ`m ~waer_wio \$imda AmT>iyZ òVmo. \$imda
ImobJQ> Vn{H$ar H$miga, db`m§{H$V S>mJ {XgyZ òVmV. amoJ \$imÀ`m AmVrb ^mJmV ngaVmo
Am{U nio gS>VmV. ~waerMm {~`mÊ`mbmgwÜXm àmXþ^m©d hmoVmo. ~waer, amoJQ> ~r Am{U O{_ZrV
EH$ dfm©n`ªV amhÿ eH$Vo. `m amoJmMm Xþæ`_ àgma nmUr, {H$Q>H$ Am{U amoJJ«ñV PmS>mÀ`m
Adeofm_m\©$V hmoVmo. Ë`mgmR>r O{_ZrMr Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. {nH$mMr \o$anmbQ> H$amdr.
Zg©ar_Üò VgoM amoJmMr bjUo {XgVmM H$m~}ÝS>m{P_ 0.10 `m§Mr \$dmaUr 10 {Xdgm§À`m
A§VamZo H$amdr.
_a amoJ … hm amoJ O{_ZrVrb â`wOoar`_ `m ~waer_wio hmoVmo. ImbMr nmZo {ndir nSy>Z JiwZ OmVmV d
amoJQ> PmS>m§Mr dmT> Hw§$Q>Vo. hm amoJ O{_ZrVrb ~waernmgyZ hmoV Agë`m_wio {nH$m§Mr \o$anmbQ>
H$aUo, {ZamoJr PmS>m§Mo ~r dmnaUo, VgoM à{VH$maH$ OmVtMr bmJdS> H$aUo.
CËnmXZ … gwYmarV OmVr … 250 Vo 300 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
g§H$arV OmVr … 400 Vo 500 {Šd§Q>b/hoŠQ>a
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 139

Q>mo‘°Q>mo
hdm‘mZ
Q>mo‘°Q>mo nrH$ Oar df©â KoVm òV Agco Var hdm‘mZmVrc Vmn‘mZmMm {dMma H$éZ nrH$ KoVco Va CËnmXZmV {ZpíMV
dmT> {XgwZ òVo. {~`m§Mr CJdU VgoM PmS>m§Mr dmT> 16 A§e Vo 29 A§e g|.J«o. Vmn‘mZmV Mm§Jë`m àH$mao hmoVo. \$iYmaUogmR>r
18 A§e Vo 32 g|.J«o. Vmn‘mZ \$maM Cn`wŠV Amho.
O{‘ZrMr nwd©‘emJV
Q>mo‘°Q>moMo nrH$ hcŠ`m Vo ^mar O{‘ZrV KoVm òVo. gmYmaUnUo hcŠ`m ‘wa‘mS> O{‘ZrV nrH$ cdH$a Va ^mar O{‘ZrV
C{eam òVo. CÎm‘ [ZMam Agcoë`m ‘Ü`‘ Vo H$mù`m O{‘ZrV qH$dm nmo`Q>çmÀ`m O{‘ZrV Mm§Jco òVo. O{‘ZrMm gm‘y 6 Vo
7.5 À¶m Xaå¶mZ Agmdm.
gwYm[aV dmU
Q>mo‘°Q>mo‘Üò {d{dY dmU gaiàH$ma d g§H$[aV àH$mamV CncãY AgVmV. ‘hmË‘m \w$co H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo OdiÀ`m Vo
‘Ü`‘ nëë`mÀ`m ~mOmanoR>ogmR>r YZlr d ^m½`lr ho gai àH$mam‘Yrc Va cm§~À`m ~mOmanoR>ogmR>r \w$co amOm ho g§H$[aV dmU
àgm[aV Ho$coco AmhoV. Ë`mMàH$mao ImOJr {~`mUo g§ñWoMo AZoH$ g§H$[aV dmU ~mOmamV {‘iy eH$VmV. Q>mo‘°Q>moMr cmJdS> hr
VrZhr h§Jm‘mV H$aVm òVo Iarn h§Jm‘mgmR>r OyZ-Owc¡, aã~r h§Jm‘mgmR>r gßQ>|~a Vo Am°ŠQ>mo~a d CÝhmir h§Jm‘mgmR>r {S>g|~a
- OmZodmar ‘{hÝ`m‘Üò {~`mUmMr noaUr H$amdr.
amondm{Q>H$m
gmYmaUnUo gai OmVrgmR>r Q>mo‘°Q>moMo 400 J°«‘ d g§H$[aV OmVrgmR>r 125 J«°‘ {~`mUo hoŠQ>ar nwaogo hmoVo. amondm{Q>H$m
V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 3 ‘rQ>a cm§~, 1 ‘rQ>a é§X d 15 g|. ‘r. C§M `m AmH$ma‘mZmMo JmXrdm\$o$ V`ma H$amdoV. dm\$m Mm§Jcm
^wg^werV H$éZ KmoiyZ Ë`mVrc XJS> T>oH$io H$Mam H$mT>>yZ Q>mH$mdo d àËòH$ dmâ`mV EH$ K‘oco Mm§Jco Hw$Ococo eoUIV, 50
J«°‘ H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S> d 100-150 J«°‘ gw\$cm {‘giyZ ¿`mdm d dm\$m gnmQ> H$éZ ¿`mdm. Mma ~moQ>m§À`m A§Vamda
dmâ`mÀ`m é§Xrer g‘m§Va aoKm nmS>mì`mV aoKm OmñV Imoc Zgmì`mV. Aem Amoit‘Üò ~r nmVi noamdo d hcŠ`m hmVmZo Vo ~r
‘mVrZo PmHy$Z Q>mH$mdo. dmâ`mcm ~r CJdon`ªV eŠ`Vmo PmarZo nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mZ§Va dmâ`mbm nmQ>mZo nmUr Úmdo Q>mo‘°Q>moMr amono
h§Jm‘mZwgma 3 Vo 5 AmR>dS>çmV cmJdS>rgmR>r V`ma hmoVmV. cmJdS>rÀ`m 4 Vo 5 {Xdg AJmoXa nmUr hiyhiy H$‘r H$amdo d
cmJdS>rÀ`m AmXë`m {Xder dmâ`m§Zm nwaogo nmUr Úmdo.
1) {~`mÊ`mMr noaUr Pmë`mZ§Va 40-50 ‘oe Zm`cm°Z ZoQ> qH$dm nm§T>ao nmVi H$mnS> 2 ‘rQ>a C§Mn`ªV ‘ÀN>aXmUrgmaIo
JmXrdmâ`mg cmdmdo. Ë`m‘wio amoJmMm àgma H$aUmè`m {H$S>tMm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoB©c.
2) ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r amon CJdë`mZ§Va JmXr dmâ`mda 3 % H$m~m}â`wam°Z 35 Vo 50 J°«‘ qH$dm 10 %
\$moaoQ> 10 Vo 20 J°«‘ hr {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ à{V 10 Mm¡. ‘r. `m à‘mUmV XmoZ Amoit‘Üò Q>mHw$Z hcHo$ nmUr Úmdo.
3) amondmQ>rHo$Vrc amoJ/{H$S>rMo {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘°ÝH$moPo~ qH$dm H°$ßQ>Z 20 J°«‘ A{YH$ S>m`‘oWmoEQ> 30 B©.gr. 10 {‘cr
à{V 10 {cQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV CJdU Pmë`mnmgwZ Xa 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo AmcQy>Z-nmcQy>Z 2-3 doim \$dmamdo.
4) amon à{H«$`m … nwZ©cmJdS>rnydu B{‘S>°Šcmo{àS> 17.8 Eg.Eb. 5 {‘cr A{YH$ ‘°ÝH$moPo~ 20 J°«‘ à{V 10 {cQ>a nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ `m ÐmdUmV amonm§Mr ‘wio 10-15 {‘ZrQ>o ~wS>dmdrV.
cmJdS>rMo A§Va
Q>mo‘°Q>moÀ`m cmJdS>rMo A§Va gmYmaUV: ~wQŠ`m Vo ‘Ü`‘ ngmè`mÀ`m OmVrgmR>r 75 Vo 90 g|. ‘r. gar H$mTy>Z cmJdS>
30 Vo 40 g|. ‘r. da H$amdr. C§M dmT>Umao d A{YH$ ngmam AgUmè`m dmUm§gmR>r 90 g|. ‘r. gar H$mTy>Z 30 go|.‘r. da
cmJdS> H$amdr. AemàH$mao, Iarn h§Jm‘mgmR>r OyZ-Oyb¡, aã~r h§Jm‘mgmR>r Am°³Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a d CÝhmir h§Jm‘mgmR>r
OmZodmar, ’o$~«wdmar‘Ü¶o bmJdS> H$amdr.
IVm§Mm dmna
Q>mo‘°Q>mo ho nrH$ amgm`{ZH$ VgoM O¡{dH$ IVm§Zm Mm§Jcm à{VgmX XoVo. cmJdS>rgmR>r joÌ V`ma H$aVm§Zm Mm§Jco
140Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Hw$Ococo eoUIV hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoVm‘Üò {‘gimdo. amgm`{ZH$ IVm§‘Üò gai OmVrgmR>r 200 {H$cmo ZÌ, 100 {H$bmo
ñ\$waX d 100 {H$cmo nmcme d g§H$[aV dmUmgmR>r 300…150…150 [H$bmo ZÌ…ñ\y$aX…nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar dmnamdo. Ë`m
amgm`{ZH$ IVm§n¡H$s {Zå‘o ZÌ d g§nwU© ñ\w$aX d nmcme cmJdS>rÀ`m AJmoXa Q>mH$mdo Va Cacoë`m {Zåå`m ZÌmÀ`m 3 g‘mZ
‘mÌm 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo Úmì`mV. IVo Q>mH$ë`mda Vm~S>Vmo~ nmUr XoUo Oê$arMo Amho. amonm§Mr cmJdS>
da§ã`mÀ`m ~JcoV, dmâ`m§Zm AJmoXa nmUr XodyZ H$amdr. Ë`mdoir amonm§Mr ‘wio gai Imcr amhVrc `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
Am§Va‘emJV d nmUr {Z`moOZ
Q>mo‘°Q>mo {nH$mcm 3 Vo 4 IwanÊ`m XodyZ eoV VU‘wŠV R>odmdo. aã~r h§Jm‘mV gmYmaUnUo 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr
Úmdo. Va CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV 6 Vo 8 {Xdgm§Zr nmUr Úmdo. Iarn h§Jm‘V nmdgmÀ`m à‘mUmZwgma nmUr Úmdo. nrH$ \w$cmoè`mV
AgVm§Zm d \$im§Mr dmT> hmoV AgVm§Zm nmÊ`mMm ¶mo½¶ dmna H$amdm. XmoZ nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`mV ‘moR>m I§S> nSy Xody Zò. AÝ`Wm
\w$cJi d \$iJi qH$dm \$io VS>H$Uo ho YmoHo$ {Z‘m©U hmoVmV. {R>~H$ qgMZmìX¥¥mao nmUr {Xë`mg nmÊ`mMr ~MV hmodyZ XO©oXma
\$io {‘iVmV d VUm§Mo à‘mUhr ‘`m©{XV amhVo. Q>mo‘°Q>moMr cmJdS> Ho$ë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo 1 Vo 1.5 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr da§ã`mMr ‘mVr
\$moSy>Z PmS>m§Zm â Úmdr.
PmS>m§Zm AmYma XoUo
Q>mo‘°Q>moMr cmJdS> Ho$ë`mZ§Va gmYmaUnUo 1 Vo 1.5 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va PmS>m§da \$io dmTy> cmJë`mZ§Va dOZm‘wio PmS>mÀ`m
\$m§Úm O{‘Zrcm Q>oH$VmV, H$mhr \$im§Mm O{‘Zrer g§nH©$ òVmo. Ë`m‘wio PmS>m§da {H$S>r d amoJmMm àXþ^m©d hmoVmo. \$io Iam~
hmoVmV, daÀ`m ~mOy§Mr \$io CKS>r nS>VmV. `mgmR>r PmS>m§Zm doirM AmYma XoUo ‘hËdmMo Amho.
’$im§Mr H mTUr
cmJdS>rZ§Va gmYmaUV: 60 Vo 75 {Xdgm§Zr dmUm§Zwgma \$io H$mT>Urg V`ma hmoVmV. ~mOmanoR>oMo A§Va d dmhVwH$sMo
gmYZ cjmV KodwZ \$im§Mr VmoS>Ur H$amdr. cm§~À`m ~mOmanoR>ogmR>r S>moim nS>Ê`mg gwédmV Pmcocr \$io VmoS>mdrV, Va
OdiÀ`m ~mOmanoR>ogmR>r Jwcm~r a§JmMr qH$dm cmc a§JmMr nŠd \$io VmoS>mdrV. VmoS>cocr \$io gmdcrV R>odmdrV d Ë`m§Mr
~mOmanoR>oÀ`m ‘mJUrZwgma dJ©dmar H$amdr. Iam~, gS>cocr, \w$Q>cocr, X~cocr, \$io {ZdSy>Z H$mT>mdrV. Mm§Jcr {ZdS>cocr
\$io cmH$S>r ImoŠ`mV qc~mMm nmcm, dV©‘mZnÌmMm dmna H$éZ AmH$f©H$ {XgVrc Aem nÜXVrZo EH$mda EH$ Wa XodyZ
âmdrV. gÜ`m ßc°pñQ>H$ H«o$Q>g² hr dmhVwH$sg Iyn cmoH${à` Pmcoco AmhoV. Q>mo‘°Q>moMo dmU, h§Jm‘, {H$S>r d amoJm§Mo
à‘mUmZwgma CËnÞ {‘iVo. gmYmaUnUo gai OmVtnmgwZ 30 Vo 40 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar Va g§H$[aV dmUm§nmgyZ 55 Vo 60 Q>Z à{V
hoŠQ>ar CËnÞ {‘iy eH$Vo.
amoJ d {H$S> ì`dñWmnZ
Q>mo‘°Q>moda ^mOrnmcm {nH$m§‘Yrc OdiOdi gd© amoJ d {H$S>r AmT>iyZ òVmV. Ë`mgmR>r Oa eoVH$è`m§Zr EH$mpË‘H$
H$sS> {Z`§ÌU am~dbo Va ~è`mn¡H$s {H$S>tMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aVm òVmo. Q>mo‘°Q>moda \w$c{H$S>o, _mdm, nm§T>ar ‘mer, H$moir, ZmJ Air,
\$i nmoIaUmar Air `m {H$S>tMm àmX©þ^md AmT>iyZ òVmo.
‘a
hm ~waerOÝ` amoJ Amho. `m amoJm‘wio PmS>o AMmZH$ dmim`cm cmJVmV. PmS> CnQ>co AgVm ‘wio Hw$Ococr {XgVmV.
amondm{Q>Ho$Vrc amono ‘aJicocr, ‘mZm nS>cocr {XgVmV.
H$anm
H$anm hm cdH$a òUmam d C{eam òUmam Aem XmoZ àH$mamMm AgVmo. `m‘Üò nmZm§da {ndiga S>mJ nSy>Z Z§Va Jmoc
H$mio Vn{H$ar {R>nHo$ {Xgy cmJVmV. Z§Va nmZo dmiVmV. `mgmR>r ‘°ÝH$moPo~ ho Am¡fY 25 J«°‘ à{V 10 {cQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ
XmoZ Vo VrZ \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
{dfmUyOÝ` amoJ
{dfmUy amoJm§‘Üò AZoH$ doJdoJio amoJ AmhoV. na§Vw Q>mo‘°Q>mo `m {nH$mda àm‘w»`mZo H$anm (ñnm°Q>oS> {dëQ> ìhmàg) d nU©
JwÀN> ({c\$H$c© ìhmàg) ho à‘wI {dfmUw amoJ AmT>iVmV. `m amoJm§Mr cmJU AJXr amondm{Q>Ho$‘YwZ gwédmVrnmgwZ hmoÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm AgVo. ho amoJ AZwH«$‘o \w$c{H$S>o, nm§T>ar ‘mer `m {H$S>r‘wio àgma nmdVmV. Ë`mgmR>r `m {H$S>tMm gwadmVrnmgwZM
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 141

~§Xmo~ñV Ho$ë`mg øm KmVH$ amoJmMo à‘mU H$‘r R>odVm òVo. eoVm‘Üò ho amoJ AmT>ië`mg H$‘r à‘mUmV AgVm§ZmM amoJJ«ñV
PmS>o CnQy>Z Zï> H$amdrV. `m {H$S>tÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r S>m`‘oWmoEQ> 30 B©.gr. 15 Vo 20 {‘cr à{V 10 {cQ>a nmÊ`m‘Üò
{‘giyZ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m A§VamZo \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV.
ZmJAir ({c\$ ‘m`Za)
øm {H$S>rÀ`m Aù`m nmZm§À`m nmnwÐ`mV {eéZ ‘Yrc {hadm ^mJ nmoIéZ ImVmV. Ë`m‘wio nmZo nm§T>ar nS>VmV d
nmZm§À`m AÞ V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m à{H«$òda A{Zï> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. `mgmR>r amono cmJdS> H$aVm§Zm cmJU Pmcoë`m amonm§Mr H$sS>J«ñV
nmZo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV. bmJdS>rZ§Va ZmJ AirMm àmXþ©^md [Xgy bmJVmM 4% {Z~m|ir AH$m©Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
\$io nmoIaUmar Air
hr Air àW‘ nmZo ImVo d Z§Va {hadr qH$dm {nH$cocr \$io nmoIéZ AmV {eaVo d Ja ImVo. `m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
20 {‘cr p³dZm°b\$m°g qH$dm 15 {‘br Zmoìh°bram°Z qH$dm Šbmoa°ZQ´>°Zrbràmob 3 {‘cr 10 {cQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giwZ 8 Vo 10
{Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 2-3 \$dmaÊ`m H$amì`mV. hobrAmoWrg Ý¶w[³bAa nm°{bhoS´>mogrg ìhm¶ag (EM. E. EZ nr. ìhr) {dfmUw
200 {‘. {b. à{V 200 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ g§Ü¶mH$miMo doir ’$dmamdo.
CËnmXZ … g§H$arV 55 Vo 60 Q>Z/hoŠQ>ar, gai dmU 30 Vo 40 Q>Z/hoŠQ>ar.
142Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

^|S>r
gwYm[aV dmU … \w$bo CËH$fm©, naÛr H«$m§Vr
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - Owb¡Mm n{hbm AmR>dS>m (15 OyZ Vo 15 Owb¡)
CÝhmir - OmZodmarMm {Vgam AmR>dS>m (15 OmZodmar - 15 ’o$~«wdmar)
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 12 -15 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 30 15 g|. ‘r.
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 100…50…50 {H$bmo ZÌ…ñ\w$aX…nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar
Am§Va‘emJV … A) 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`{‘V IwanUr H$aUo.
~) bmJdS>rnmgyZ EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr da IVmÀ`m ‘mÌm Úmì`mV d PmS>mbm â bmdmdr.
EH$mpË‘H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZ
A) g|{Ð` IVo … 20 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>a Úmdo.
~) {OdmUy IVo … A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a d ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao {OdmUy 25 J«°‘ à{V / {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo.
IVo XoÊ`mMr doi … 1. g|{Ð` IVo noaUrnydu 15 {Xdg AJmoXa ÚmdoV.
2. amgm`{ZH$ IVo … 100…50…50 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme {H$./ ho. AY} ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d
nmbme noaUrÀ`mdoir Úmdo d Cd©[aV 50 {H$. ZÌ noaUrZ§Va VrZ g_mZ hmVmV {d^mJyZ 30,45,60
{Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
3. {OdmUy IVo {~`mÊ`mg noaUrnydu Mmoimdo.
4. ‘mVr n[ajUmZwgma gwú_ AÞÐì¶mMr H$‘VaVm AgUmè¶m O{‘ZrV ’o$ag gë’o$Q> +qPH$ gë’o$Q>
àË¶oH$s 20 {H$bmo à{V ho³Q>ar + ~moa°³g 5 {H$bmo à{V ho³Q>ar noaUrÀ¶m doir O{‘ZrVyZ qH$dm ’o$ag
gë’o$Q> +qPH$ gë’o$Q> 0.5% àË¶oH$s + ~mo[aH$ A°{gS> 0.2 % noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr
’$dmamdo
Am§Va‘emJV … 15-20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`‘rV IwanUr H$amdr.
ag emofUmar … 1) {nH$m^modVr ‘³¶mMr bmJdS> H$amdr
H$sS> 2) noaUrnydu XmoZ Amoit‘Ü¶o qZ~moir n|S>-250 {H$, Q´>m¶H$moS>‘m©-6 {H$, nr.Eg.~r.-2.5 {H$ +
A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a-2.5 {H$/ho Q>mHy$Z ‘mVrZo PmHy$Z ¿¶mdo.
3) à{H«$¶m Ho$bobr {~¶mUo dmnamdo. ~rOà{H«$¶ogmR>r B{‘S>m°³bmoàrS>-5 J«°‘/{H$. {~¶mUmg dmnamdo.
4) B{‘S>m°³bmoàrS> 0.7 J«°‘ qH$dm Wm¶mo‘oWmo³Pm‘ 2 J«°‘ qH$dm S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 20 {‘br. à{V 10 {bQ>a
nmÊ¶mgmR>r dmnamdo.
\$io nmoIaUmar … 1) {H$S>H$s \$io ‘mVrV nwamdrV. S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ 8 {‘br, {¹$Zm°c\$m°g 20 {‘br qH$dm b°å~S>m
Air gm¶h°bmoW«rZ 6 {‘br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr ¶m à‘mUmV \$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm 4 % qZ~moir
AH$m©Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr. Q´>m¶H«$moH$mS>© 10 à{V hoŠQ>a `m à_mUmV dmnamdo.
^war amoJ … nmÊ`mV {‘giUmao J§YH$ 0.25 Q>¸o$ `mMr \$dmaUr amoJmMr bjUo {XgVmM 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo
H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … 15-20 Q>Z n«[V hoŠQ>a
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 143

dmb
gwYm[aV dmU … C§M dmT>Umao dmU - \w$bo Jm¡ar, ~wQ>Ho$ dmU -H$moH$U ^yfU, \w$bo gwéMr
noaUrMr doi … Iarn … OyZ - Owc¡ a~r … gßQ>|~a - Am°ŠQ>mo~a
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … C§M dmT>Umè`m dmUmgmR>r 2.5 Vo 3.0 {H$ à{V hoŠQ>a, ~wQ>Š`m dmUmgmR>r 6 Vo 8 {H$. à{V ho.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … C§M dmT>Umè¶m dmUmgmR>r 2.0 1.0 ‘r. (VmQ>r nÕV) ~wQ>Š`m dmUmgmR>r 60 30 g|. ‘r.
Am§Va‘emJV … A) 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`‘>rV IwanUr H$aUo
~) bmJdS>rnmgyZ EH$ ‘{hÝ`mV VmQ>r nÕVrMr C^maUr H$amdr
H$) bmJdS>rnmgyZ 40 {Xdgm§V {nH$mbm ‘mVrMr â bmdmdr.
S>) C§M dmT>Umè¶m OmVr‘Ü¶o dob VmQ>rda OmB©n`ªV dobrÀ`m ~Jb\w$Q>r H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mì`mV d
dobr§Zm diU Úmdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … 10 - 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo h§Jm‘ d JaOoZwgma {nH$mbm nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU … H$m~o©ÝS>°Pr‘ 10 J«°‘ `mMr \$dmaUr 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z H$amdr.
H$anm, nmZmdarb
{R>nHo$ Am{U ^war
eo|Jm nmoIaUmar … `m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§§ÌUmgmR>r ³bmoamonm¶ar’$m°g 20 {‘.br. à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVwZ qH$dm 4% qZ~moir
Air AH©$ \$dmamdm.
EH$mpË‘H$ AÞÐì` ì`dñWmnZ
A) g|{Ð` IVo … 20 Q>Z eoUIV qH$dm 7.5 Q>Z Jm§Sy>i IV à{V hoŠQ>a Úmdo.
~)amgm`{ZH$ IVo … 60…60…60 {H$bmo ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme Úmdo.
H$){OdmUy IVo … A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a d ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao {OdmUy 25 J«°‘ àËòH$s 1 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo.
IVo XoÊ`mMr doi … 1. g|{Ð` IVo bmJdS>rnydu 15 {Xdg AJmoXa ÚmdrV.
2. amgm`{ZH$ IVo - 40…60…60 {H$bmo ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme à{V hoŠQ>a bmJdS>rÀ`m doir
Úmdo d Cd©[aV 20 {H$bmo ZÌ bmJdS>rZ§Va XmoZ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr Úmdo.
CËnmXZ … 15 - 20 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>a
H$mo~r
gwYm[aV dmU … JmoëS>Z EH$a, BVa g§H$arV dmU
noaUrMr doi … a~r - gßQ>o§~a-Am°ŠQ>mo~a
nwZbm©JdS>rMr doi … a~r - Am°ŠQ>mo~a- Zmoìh|~a
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 600 Vo 750 J«°‘/ hoŠQ>a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 45 30 g|.‘r.
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 160:80:80 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX:nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar. 50 Q>ŠHo$ ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d
nmbme bmJdS>rÀ`m doir d Cd©[aV 50 Q>ŠHo$ ZÌ bmJdS>rZ§Va 30 Am{U 45 {Xdgm§Zr XmoZ g_mZ
hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdo
Am§Va‘emJV … 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`‘rV IwanUr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … 8 Vo 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo d JaOoZwgma {nH$mbm nmUr XoUo
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr … OmVrnaËdo 65-80 {Xdg
nrH$ g§ajU, ‘mdm … ‘°bm[WAm°Z 50 B©.gr. 20 {‘br /10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr.
4% qZ~moir AH$m©Mr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
144Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Mm¡H$moZr … 1. bmJdS>rnydu ‘w»` {nH$mÀ¶m H$S>oZo ‘mohar noamdr. ‘w»` {nH$mÀ`m 25 Amoir Z§Va 2 Amoir ‘mohar
{R>nŠ`mMm nV§J noamdr.
ì`dñWmnZ 2. eoVmV njr ~gUogmR>r H$mR>rMo ‘MmZ bmdmdoV.
AmamIS>m 3. EH$ar 5 \o$amo‘Z gmnio bmdmdoV.
4. H$mo~r {nH$mda 1br \$dmaUr 2 Ai`m à{V amon {Xgy bmJVmM ~r.Q>r. 10 J«°‘, à{V 10 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mVyZ (g§Ü`mH$miMo doir), Q>´m`H$moJ«m‘m ~°ŠQ>´r H$sQ>H$ à{V hoŠQ>ar 1 bmI `m à‘mUmV gmoS>mdo.
5. 2 ar \$dmaUr qZ~moir AH©$ 4 %
6. 3 ar \$dmaUr B§S>moŠPmH$m~© 5 {‘br qH$dm pñnZmog°S> 2.5 Eg.gr. 12 {‘br /10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ
7. 4 Wr \$dmaUr qZ~moir AH©$ 4 %
H$odS>m … ‘°ÝH$moPo~ qH$dm ‘oQ>mb°ŠPrb E‘-PoS> 72 , 25 J«°‘ + {ñQ>H$a 10 {‘br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
(S>mCZr {‘ëS>`y) {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
KmÊ`m amoJ … H$m°na Am°pŠPŠbmoamB©S> 30 J«°‘ + pñQ>´ßQ>mo‘m`grZ 1 J«°‘ à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ Xa
(ãb°H$ am°Q>) 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo 2-3 doim \$dmaÊ¶m H$amì¶m.
CËnmXZ … 25-30 Q>Z/ho.
\w$bH$mo~r
gwYm[aV dmU … ‘o-OyZ - nwgm {Xnmbr, n§Om~, Hw$Amar, nwgm Ho$VH$s
Oyb¡-Am°JñQ> - BånwìhS> OmnmZrO, n§V ew^«m, nmQ>Um {‘S>{gPZ
gßQ>|~a-Am°ŠQ>mo~a - nygm {g§Wo{Q>H$, nygm ew^«m, {hgma-1
Zmoìh|~a - {S>g|~a - ñZmo ~m°b16, Ho$ - 1, ñZmo~m°b - 1
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 600 Vo 750 J«°‘/ hoŠQ>ar, h§Jm_mZwgma dmU {ZdS>Uo _hËdmMo Amho.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 60 45 g|.‘r. qH$dm 45 45 g|.‘r.
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 150:75:75 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, 50 Q>ŠHo$ ZÌ, g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d
nmbme bmJdS>rÀ`m doir d Cd©[aV 50 Q>ŠHo$ ZÌ bmJdS>rZ§Va 1 ‘{hÝ`mZo Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV … 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`‘rV IwanUr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … 8 Vo 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo d JaOoZwgma {nH$mbm nmUr XoUo
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr … OmVr naËdo 70 - 100 {Xdg
nrH$ g§ajU
JÈ>m nmoIaUmar Air … ‘°bm[WAm°Z 50 B.gr. 20 {‘br 10 {b. nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. qH$dm qZ~moir
AH©$ 4% \$dmamdm.
Mm¡H$moZr … 1. bmJdS>rnydu ‘w»` {nH$mÀ¶m H$S>oZo ‘mohar noamdr. ‘w»` {nH$mÀ`m 25 Amoir Z§Va 2Amoir ‘mohar
{R>nŠ`mMm nV§J noamdr.
ì`dñWmnZ 2. eoVmV njr ~gUogmR>r H$mR>rMo ‘MmZ bmdmdoV.
AmamIS>m 3. EH$ar 5 \o$amo‘Z gmnio bmdmdoV.
4. \w$bH$mo~r {nH$mda 1br \$dmaUr 2 Ai`m à{V amon {Xgy bmJVmM ~r.Q>r. 10 J«°‘ 10 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mVyZ (g§Ü`mH$miMo doir), Q>´m`H$moJ«m‘m ~°ŠQ>´r H$sQ>H$ à{V hoŠQ>ar 1 bmI `m à‘mUmV
gmoS>mdoV.
5. Xþgar \$dmaUr 4 Q>ŠHo$ qZ~moir AH$m©Mr H$amdr.
6. {Vgar \$dmaUr JaO ^mgë`mg Z{dZ H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m‘Üò à`moJmVyZ n[aUm‘H$maH$ Agbobo
pñnZmog°S> 2.5 Eg.gr. 12 {‘br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ H$amdr.
7. Mm¡Wr \$dmaUr 4 Q>ŠHo$ qZ~moir AH$m©Mr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 145

H$anm ( ãb°H$ … ‘°ÝH$moPo~ + ñQ>rH$a 10 {‘br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {_giyZ \$dmamdo.
{b\$ ñnm°Q>)
H$odS>m (S>mCZr … ‘°ÝH$moPo~ 25 J«°‘ + {ñQ>H$a 10 {‘br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdo.
{‘ëS>`y)
CËnmXZ … 20 - 25 Q>Z/ho.
~«moH$mobr
O‘rZ …‘Ü`‘ àVrMr, {ZMè`mMr
âIVo …20 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>a eoUIV
gwYm[aV dmU …JUoe ~«moH$mobr
{~`mUo …400-500 J«°‘ à{V hoŠQ>a
~rO à{H«$`m …noaUrnydu ~r Ja‘ nmÊ`mV (500 go.J«o.) AYm© Vmg ~wS>dmdo. Z§Va ~r gmdbr‘Üò gwH$dmdo. VgoM
{~`mÊ`mg 3 J«°‘ Wmà‘$qH$dm H°$ßQ>Z ho ~waerZmeH$ bmdmdo.
noaUrMr doi … aã~r … gßQ>|~a -Am°ŠQ>mo~a, nwZ©bmJdS>rMr doi … Am°³Q>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a
eoVmMr AmIUr … 60 45 g|.‘r.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … {H$bmo ho³Q>ar ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
A. bmJdS>rnydu 65 20 30
~. bmJdS>rZ§Va (30,45 {Xdgm§Zr {d^mJwZ) 65 00 00
{deof ‘m{hVr … darb IVm§À`m ‘mÌogmo~V bmJdS>rÀ`m doir amonm§Mr ‘wio A°PmoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a Am{U ñ\w$aX {daKiUmao
OrdmUy (nrEg~r) àËòH$s 25 J«°‘ à{V {bQ>a À`m ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ bmdmdrV. ~«moH$mobr bmJdS>rZ§Va
‘moR>o >JÈ>o {‘iÊ`mgmR>r ImoS>mda nmZm§À`m ~JboV òUmar \w$Q> 1 Vo 2 doim AbJX H$mT>mdr.
~«moH$mobr H$mT>Ur H$aVmZm JÈ>m H$miOrnyd©H$ H$mT>mdm. n³dVm Pmë¶mZ§Va JÈ>m KÆ> Am{U {hadmJma
{XgVmo. JS²>S>çmda ‘moharÀ`m XmÊ`mà‘mUo JmobmH$ma \$w$bm§Mm H$irMm ^mJ {Xgy bmJVmo. H$mT>Ur H$aVmZm
JÈ>m 10 Vo 12 g|.‘r. ImoS> R>oD$Z H$mT>mdm. JÈ>m H$mT>Vodoir gamgar dOZ 180-200 J«°‘ âVo.
~«moH$mobrMr H$mT>Ur 50 Vo 60 {XdgmV gwê$ hmoVo Va 65 Vo 70 {XdgmV ~hþVm§e nrH$ H$mT>bo OmVo.
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr … 65 Vo 70 {Xdg
CËnmXZ : 65 Vo 70 q¹$Q>b/hoŠQ>ar
146Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

~Q>mQ>m
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, nmo`Q>`mMr, {ZMè¶mMr
âIVo … 20 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>a
gwYm[aV OmVr … H$w\$ar Á`moVr, Hw$\$ar bdH$a, Hw$\$ar {g§Ywar, Hw$’$ar gw¶m©, Hw$’$ar nwIamO
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - OwZ-Owb¡, a~r - Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gè`m-da§~o , 60 20 g|.‘r.
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 15 Vo 20 p³d¨Q>b/ hoŠQ>ar
~rOà{H«$`m … 1. bmJdS>rnydu ~Q>mQ>m ~oUo B{‘S>m³bmoàrS> 200 Eg Eb 0.04 % 4 {‘br à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV 10
{‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ bmJdS> H$amdr.
2. VgoM 2.5 {H$bmo A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a Am{U 500 {‘br Ðdén A{PQ>mo~°³Q>a à{V 100 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV 20
p³d¨Q>b {~¶mUo 30 {‘{ZQ>o ~rOà{H«$¶m H$amdr.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu 100:60:120 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo
50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr d â bmdmdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
‘mdm, VwS>VwSo … ho {H$Q>H$ nmZmVrb ag emofVmV Ë`mM ~amo~a {dfmUy amoJm§Mm àgma H$aVmV.
Am{U nm§T>ar ‘mer
{Z`§ÌU… A. S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 10 {‘br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo.
~. qZ~moir AH©$ 4% \$dmamdo. Ai`m eoVmVrb Am{U gmR>dUrVrb ~Q>mQ>m H§$XmMo ZwH$gmZ H$aVmV.
nmZo ImUmar … Iarn h§Jm‘mV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda àmXþ^m©d. Aù¶m {nH$m§Mr nmZo VgoM O{‘ZrVrb ~Q>mQ>o ImD$Z ’$ñV
ñnmoS>moßQ>oam Air H$aVmV.
{Z`§ÌU A. amÌâ JdVmMo {T>J {nH$mV R>oD$Z gH$mir Aù¶m§gh Zï> H$amdoV.
~. njm§gmR>r 4 Vo 5 njr Wm§~o à{V EH$ar eoVmV bmdmdoV.
H$. A§S>rnw§O AWdm Airnw§O {ZXe©Zmg AmboI Zï> H$amdoV.
S>. O¡{dH$ ~waerZmeH$ Zmoå`w[a`m [abo¶ 5 J«°‘ qH$dm ³bmoamonm¶ar’$m°g 20 B©gr 2 {‘br qH$dm
àmo’o$Zmo’$m°g 50 B©gr 2 {‘br à{V {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
~Q>mQ>`mdarb nmH$moir
{Z`§ÌU … A. H$sS> {dahrV ~oUo {ZdS>mdo.
H$anm … ‘°ÝH$moPo~ 30 J«°‘ qH$dm ŠbmoamoW°bmoZrb 25 J«°‘ qH$dm H$m°na Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> 30 J«°‘, 10 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ bdH$a òUmam H$anm amoJmMr bjUo {XgVmM \$dmaUr H$amdr. C{eam òUmam H$anm
amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$m°na Am°pŠPŠbmoamB©S> 30 J«°‘ à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m ~waerZmeH$mMr amoJmMo
bjUo {XgVmM \$dmaUr H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … 20-30 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 147

dmQ>mUm
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, {ZMè¶mMr
âIVo … 15-20 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar
gwYm[aV OmVr … ~moZpìhbm, AaHo$b, \$wbo [à`m
noaUrMr doi … a~r - Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|§~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gè`m-da§~o qH$dm gnmQ> dm\$o$, 30 15 g|.‘r.
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … Q>moH$U nÜXV 30-40 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar. noaUrnÜXV 70-80 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar.
~rOà{H«$`m … H°$ßQ>Z qH$dm H$m~}ÝS>m{P‘ 3 J«°‘ à{V {H$bmo {~`mUo `m à‘mUmmV {~`mg Mmoimdo.
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu 15:60:60 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo 10 {H$bmo
ZÌ à{V hoŠQ>a IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr … dmUnaËdo 80 Vo 100 {Xdg
nrH$ g§ajU
^war … nmÊ`mV {‘giUmao J§YH$ 25 J«°‘ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr.
‘mdm … {nbo d àm¡T> nmZmVrb ag emofVmV, Ë`m‘wio {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. qZ~moir AH©$ 4% Mr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
e|Jm nmoIaUmar Air … A. H$sS>J«ñV e|Jm Zï> H$amì`mV. ‘obm°{WAm°Z 20 {‘br 10 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo qH$dm
[Z§~moir AH©$ 4% \$dmamdm.
CËnmXZ … dmUnaËdo {haì`m e|Jm- 4 Vo 7 Q>Z , dmibobo dmQ>mUo- 1.5 Vo 2 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar
‘wim
O‘rZ … hbH$s Vo aoVmS>, ‘Ü`‘, {ZMè`mMr
âIVo … 20 Vo 25 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar
gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm Xoer, nwgm H$oVH$s, nwgm aoe‘r
noaUrMr doi … aã~r - gßQ>|~a- Zmoìh|~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gnmQ> dm\o$, 30 15 g|.‘r.
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 8 Vo 10 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu 20:20:80 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo
10 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
nrH$ g§ajU … Ai`m nmZo ImVmV {H$S>rMo à‘mU OmñV Agë`mg nmZm§Mr MmiUr hmoVo.
H$mir ‘mer {Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4 % \$dmamdo.
CËnmXZ … 10 Vo 20 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar (‘wim H$mT>VmZm O{‘ZrV ‘moS>Uma ZmhrV `m ~oVmZo CnQ>mdoV)
148Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$mH$S>r
gwYm[aV dmU … {h‘m§Jr, \w$bo ew^m§Jr
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - OyZ-Owb¡, CÝhmir-OmZodmar-\o$~«wdmar
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 1 Vo 1.5 {H$. / ho.
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 1.0 0.5 ‘r.
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 100…50…50 {H$bmo ZÌ … ñ\w$aX … nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar Úmdo, bmJdS>rnydu AYo} ZÌ,
g§nyU© ñ\w$aX d nmbmeMr ‘mÌm Úmdr. AÜ`m© ZÌmMr ‘mÌm bmJdS>rZ§Va 30 d 45 {Xdgm§Zr XmoZ g‘mZ
hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr.
Am§Va‘emJV … A) 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`‘>rV IwanUr H$amdr.
~) bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr da IVm§À`m ‘mÌm Úmì`mV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … 8 - 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo h§Jm‘ d JaOoZwgma nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
ag emofUmar H sS… B{‘S>°ŠbmoàrS> 70 S>ãë¶w. Or 0.7 J«°‘ à{V 10 {b. nmUr `m à‘mUmV \$dmamdo.
XwYr ^monim
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar
gwYm[aV OmVr … g‘«mQ>
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - OyZ-Owb¡, CÝhmir - OmZodmar -\o$~w«dmar
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 3.0 1.0 ‘rQ>a (VmQ>r nÜX²>V) 5.0 1.0 ‘rQ>a ( O‘rZrda)
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu-50:50:50 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va- 30 d 45 {Xdgm§Zr
XmoZ g_mZ hßË`mV 50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr… 180 Vo 200 {Xdg
\w$b{H$S>o, ‘mdm … {nbo Am{U àm¡T> nmZmVrb ag emofyZ KoVmV Ë`m‘wio nmZo dmH$S>r hmoVmV. VgoM ho H$sQ>H$ {dfmUyOÝ`
d nm§T>ar ‘mer amoJmMm àgma H$aVmV.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4% ’$dmamdm.
ZmJAir … Air nmZmÀ`m AmV amhÿZ AmVrb ^mJ ImVo Ë`m‘wio nmZmda ZmJ‘moS>r aofm V`ma hmoVmV.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4% \$dmamdm.
\$i‘mer … Ai`m \$imV amhþZ AmVrb Ja ImVmV Ë`m‘wio \$io gS>VmV Am{U AH$mbr nŠd hmoVmV.
{Z`§ÌU … Šë¶w ë`waMo EH$ar 5 gmnio bmdmdoV.
CËnmXZ … 40 Vo 50 Q>Z à{V hoŠQ>ar
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 149

H$mabr
gwYm[aV dmU … ’w$bo J«rZ JmoëS>, {haH$Ur
noaUrMr doi … Iarn … OyZ-Owb¡Mm n{hbm AmR>dS>m, CÝhmir … OmZodmar - ’o$~«wdmar
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 1.5 1.0 ‘r.
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … 20 Q>Z eoUIV, 100…50…50 {H$bmo `m à‘mUmV ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme à{V hoŠQ>a.
Am§Va‘emJV … A) 15 Vo 20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z>`‘>rV IwanUr H$aUo.
~) bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr daIVm§Mr ‘mÌm Úmdr Am{U dobtZm diU XoÊ`mgmR>r VmQ>r C^maUrgmR>r
V`mar H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … 8 - 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo h§Jm‘ d JaOoZwgma nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
ag emofUmar H$sS> … qZ~moir AH©$ 4% ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
\$i‘mer … ³ë¶w ë¶waMo EH$ar 5 gmnio bmdmdoV.

$ $
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
150Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

XmoS>H$m
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ H$mir , nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar
gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm ZgXma, H$moH$U h[aVm, ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§Mo g§H$[aV dmU
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 1.5 1.0 ‘rQ>a (VmQ>r nÜX²>V)
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu -50:50:50 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va-30,45 d 60
{Xdgm§Zr 50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm VrZ g_mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr.
nrH$ g§ajU$
\w$b{H$S>o, ‘mdm … {nbo Am{U àm¡T> nmZmVrb ag emofyZ KoVmV Ë`m‘wio nmZo dmH$S>r hmoVmV. VgoM ho H$sQ>H$
d nm§T>ar ‘mer {dfmUyOÝ` amoJmMm àgma H$aVmV.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4 % \$dmaUr H$amdr.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4 % \$dmamdm.
{Z`§ÌU … ³ë¶w ë`waMo EH$ar 5 gmnio bmdmdoV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 151

Q>a~yO (H$qbJS>)
gwYm[aV OmVr … ewJa ~o~r, AaH$m ‘m{UH$, AaH$m Á`moVr d ImOJr H§$nÝ`mMo g§H$[aV dmU
noaUrMr doi … CÝhmir-OmZodmar \o$~w«dmar, Iarn-OyZ Owb¡
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 2.5 Vo 3 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu 50:50:50 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va 30,45 d 60 {Xdgm§Zr
50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm VrZ g_mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr d â bmdmdr.
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr 90 Vo 120 {Xdg
nrH$ g§ajU
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4 % ’$dmamdm.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4 %$ \$dmamdm.

$ $
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
152Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Ia~yO

gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm ga~Vr, ham‘Yy, n§Om~ gwZhar, XwJm©nwam ‘Yy, ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§Mo g§H$[aV dmU
noaUrMr doi … Iarn - OwZ-Owb¡ , CÝhmir - OmZodmar -\o$~w«dmar
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 1.5 Vo 2.0 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu - 50:50:50 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va - 30, 45, d 60
{Xdgm§Zr 50 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm VrZ g_mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr.
nrH$ g§ajU
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4% Q>ŠHo$ \$dmamdm.
{Z`§ÌU … qZ~moir AH©$ 4% Q>ŠHo$ \$dmamdm.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 153

‘oWr
gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm Abu ~§{MJ, H$gwar
noaUrMr doi … OyZ-\o$~«wdmar-hßË¶mhßË¶mZo noaUr H$amdr
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 3 2 ‘r À`m gnmQ> dmâ`m‘Üò 10 go|.‘r. XmoZ Amoit‘Üò A§Va R>odmdo.
{nH$mMm H$mbmdYr… OmVrnaËdo 40-60 {Xdg
CËnmXZ … 7 Vo 8 Q>Z/ho³Q>a
nmbH
gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm Á`moVr, Am°bJ«rZ
noaUrMr doi … gßQ>|~a-{S>g§o~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 3 2 ‘r À`m gnmQ> dmâ`m‘Üò 15 go|.‘r. XmoZ Amoit‘Üò A§Va R>odmdo.
IVo bmJdS>rnydu 10 Vo 12 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar d 40:40:40 {H$bmo ZÌ : ñ\w$aX : nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar,
bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo 40 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr.
Jdma
O‘rZ … hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘ VgoM, aoVmS>, {ZMè`mMr
âIV … 20 Vo 30 Q>Z eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar
gwYm[aV OmVr … nwgm gXm~hma, nwgm ‘mog‘r, nwgm Zd~hma
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gnmQ> dm\o$ - 30 15 go|.‘r., gar da§~m -45 15 g|.‘r.
~rOà{H«$`m … Mdir JQ>mVrb am`Pmo{~`‘ 10 Vo 15 {H$bmo {~`mUmg 250 J«°‘ `m à‘mUmV Mmoimdo.
amgm¶{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu- 20:60:60 {H$bmo ZÌ : ñ\w$aX : nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo 20
{H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr d â bmdmdr.
154Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

KodS>m
O‘rZ … hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘ {ZMè`mMr
gwYm[aV OmVr … H$ÝQ>oS>a, \w$bo gwè, \w$bo gwaoIm
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gnmQ> dm\o$ -60 30 go|.‘r., gar da§~m- 45 30 g|.‘r.
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 40 {H$bmo/ hoŠQ>ar
~rOà{H«$`m … am`Pmo{~`‘ 10 Vo 15 {H$bmo {~`mUmg 250 J«°‘ `m à‘mUmV {~`mg Mmoimdo.
amgm¶{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu -25:110:110 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar, bmJdS>rZ§Va - EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZo 25
{H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm Úmdr d â bmdmdr.
nrH$ H$mbmdYr … 90 Vo 110 {Xdg
ImoS>‘mer g§ajU … {nH$mMr CJdU Pmë`m~amo~a bJoM p³dZm°b’$m°g 25 B©gr 20 {‘.br. à{V 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVwZ ’$dmamdo.
CËnmXZ … {~`m§Mo CËnmXZ - 1 Vo 1.5 Q>Z à{V ho³Q>ar
{haì¶m eoJm§Mo CËnmXZ - 90 Vo 100 p³d¨Q>b/ho³Q>a
bgyU
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ àVrMr, {ZMè`mMr
âIVo … 40-50 ~¡cJmS>çm eoUIV à{V hoŠQ>ar
gwYm[aV OmVr … \w$bo {Z{b‘m, ’w$bo ~gd§V, JmoXmdar, ídoVm, `‘wZm g\o$X, A°J«r\$mC§S>ìhmB©Q>.
noaUrMr doi … aã~r - Am°ŠQ>mo~a -Zmoìho§~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 15 10 go|.‘r.
{~`mÊ`mMo à‘mU … 6 pŠd¨Q>b / hoŠQ>ar
amgm`{ZH$ IVo … bmJdS>rnydu- 50 : 50 :50 {H$bmo ZÌ:ñ\w$aX: nmbme à{V hoŠQ>ar,
bmJdS>rZ§Va- 30, 45 d 60 {Xdgm§Zr 50 {H$bmo ZÌ IVmMr ‘mÌm VrZ g_mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr.
’w$b{H$S>o … S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 30 B©gr. 12 {‘cr qH$dm {¹$Zm°c’$m°g 25 B©gr 20 {‘cr àVr 10 {cQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 155

aVmir
âIVo d daIVo … 20 Q>Z/ho. d 90…60…90 {H$/ho ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme
gwYm[aV dmU … dfm©, H$moH$U ApídZr, g‘«mQ>, H$mb‘oK
{~`mUo … 80 Vo 85 hOma H$mS>çm/hoŠQ>ar
bmJdS>rMr doi … Iarn - OyZMm n{hbm AmR>dS>m, aã~r-gßQ>|~aMm eodQ>Mm AmR>dS>m, CÝhmir - OmZodmar, ’o$~«wdmar
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gar da§~o nÕV 60 Vo 75 go|‘r 20 go|‘r
Am§Va‘emJV … 20 Vo 30 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`{‘V IwanUr H$amdr. bhmZ dobm§Zm ‘mVrMr â bmdmdr. dobm§Zm diU
XoUo, JaOoZwgma nmUr XoUo.
H$mT>Ur … OmVrZwgma H§$XmMr dmT> hmoÊ`mg 3 Vo 4 ‘{hÝ`mMm H$mbmdYr bmJVmo.
Aiy
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ àVrMr, ^wg^werV, {ZMè`mMr O‘rZ Cn`wº$
âIVo d daIVo … 10 Q>Z/ho. d 80…40…80 {H$/ho ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme (ZÌ d nmbme VrZ g‘mZ hßË`m‘Üò,
bmJdS>rMo doir d Ë`mZ§Va XrS> ‘{hÝ`mMo A§VamZo d ñ’w$aX bmJdS>rMo doir Úmdo)
gwYm[aV dmU … H$moH$U h[aVnUu qH$dm ñWm{ZH$ dmU
{~`mUo … 12000 Vo 13000 H§$X / hoŠQ>ar, amoJ{dahrV H§$X {ZdS>mdo.
bmJdS>rMr doi … OyZ qH$dm gßQ>|~a-Am°ŠQ>mo~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … gar da§~o nÕV 90 30 g§o.‘r.
Am§Va‘emJV … 20 Vo 30 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`{‘V IwanUr H$amdr. JaOoZwgma nmUr XoUo.
H$mT>Ur … nmZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$amd`mMm Agë`mg XmoZ Vo AS>rM ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va VmoS>Ur H$amdr Aer VmoS>Ur 8 Vo 9
‘{hZo H$aVm òVo. H§$XmMm Cn`moJ H$amd`mMm Agë`mg 6 ‘{hÝ`m‘Üò H§$X V`ma hmoVmo.
gwaU
âIVo d daIVo … 300 {H$bmo A‘mo{Z`‘ gë’o$Q>, 500 {H$bmo gwna ’$m°ñ’o$Q> Am{U 200 {H$bmo å`waoQ> Am°’$ nmoQ>°e à{V
ho³Q>a Úmdo, Ë`mZ§Va 6 Vo 8 AmR>dS>çm§Zr 150 {H$bmo Am{U â XoÊ`mMo doir 200 {H$bmo `w[a`m à{V
ho³Q>a Úmdm.
gwYm[aV dmU … JO|Ð, lrH$sVu, lrê$nm, lrew^«m, lr{à`m, lrYÝ`
{~`mUo … {Vgè`m dfm©Mo H§$X dmnê$Z bmJdS> H$amdr AWdm Mma df} dmT>boë`m H§$XmMo Mma VwH$S>o H$ê$Z bmdmdo.
bmJdS>rMr doi … ‘o qH$dm OyZ, 120 g|.‘r. A§Vamda gar da§~o nÕV 90 go§.‘r. A§Vamda bmdmdo.
A§VaAm§Va‘emJV… 20 Vo 30 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo {Z`{‘V IwanUr H$amdr JaOoZwgma nmUr XoUo.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur gw‘mao 7 Vo 8 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr H$amdr. Mm§Jë`m {nH$mMo 500 Vo 600 q¹$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>a
CËnmXZ {‘iy eH$Vo.
156Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Q>°{nAmoH$m / em~wH§$X
O‘rZ … nmo`Q>m`wº$ dmiwH$m‘` Vm§~S>r b°Q>oa°Q>rH$ 4.5 Vo 6.6 Mo Xaå`mZ gm‘w Agbobr gw{nH$ O‘rZ `mo½`
Amho.Q>m°{nAmoH$mMr bmJdS> hbŠ`m CWi O{‘ZrVhr H$aVm òVo.
hdm‘mZ … ho CîU H$Q>r~§YmVrb nrH$ AgyZ X‘Q> hdm‘mZ Amdí`H$ Amho. nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mda nrH$
¿`md`mMo Agë`mg dm{f©H$ {dIwabobo nO©Ý`‘mZ Amdí`H$ Amho. ‘hmamï´´>mV ho nrH$ ¿`md`mMo
Agë`mg OmZodmar AIoa n`ªV nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
bmJdS>rMr doi … OyZ-Owb¡
bmJdS>rMr A§Va … 9090 g|.‘r. A§Vamda 5 g|.‘r. Imob
bmJdS>rMr nÕV … Q>m°{nAmoH$mMr bmJdS> n¹$ ImoS>mMo N>mQ> H$b‘mÛmao H$aVmV. amoJ‘wº$ nyU© n¹$ ImoS>mMo ‘Ü` ^mJmVrb 20
g|.‘r. bm§~rMo VwH$S>o V`ma H$ê$Z bmdVmV. C§M gar da§~m nÕVrZo da§ã`mda bmJdS> H$amdr åhUOo H§$X
Mm§Jbo nmogVmV. hoŠQ>ar 12345 Q>m°{nAmoH$m N>mQ>H$b‘o bmJVmV.
nmUr … bmJdS>rZ§Va nmD$g Zgë`mg àËòH$ N>mQ> H$b‘mg PmarZo nmUr Úmdo Ë`mZ§Va nmdgmim g§në`mda
15-20 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo Q>m°{nAmoH$m n¹$ hmoB©n`ªV 9-10 ‘{hZo n`ªV nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`m
bmJVmV.
dmU … EM-22, EM-165, lr àH$me, Eg-1310, noÅ>rnya‘, lr {dO`, {Q>.gr.-5, grAm`-649
BË`mXr dmU AmhoV.
H$mT>Ur Am{U … dmUmZwgma 8-9 ‘{hÝ`mV Q>m°{nAmoH$m H$mT>Ê`mg V`ma hmoVmo. H§$XmMr H$mT>Ur ImoXyZ H$amdr.
H$mT>Ur níMmV H§$Xmbm BOm hmoUma Zmhr hr H$miOr ¿`mdr. VmOo H§$X 2-3 {XdgmV à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r à{H«$`m
à{H«$`m H$maImÝ`mV nmR>dmdo.
CËnmXZ … gamgar 25 Vo 30 Q>Z/hoŠQ>a H§$XmMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 157

eodJm
‘hmamîQ´>mV 80 Q>³³¶m§nojm OmñV joÌ H$moaS>dmhÿ Amho. ¶mVrb ~è¶mMem O{‘Zr hb³¶m
~aS> Am{U ZmnrH$ åhUyZ nSy>Z AmhoV. Aem O{‘ZrV eod½¶mMr bmJdS> {ZpíMVM ’$m¶Xoera R>aob. H$maU eodJm nmdgmÀ¶m
nmÊ¶mda ¶oD$ eH$Vmo.
hdm‘mZ d O‘rZ
eodJm H$moUË¶mhr hdm‘mZmV dmTy> eH$Vmo. eod½¶mMr bmJdS> AË¶§V hb³¶m Vo ^mar O{‘ZrV H$aVm ¶oVo. OoWo VmU
Mm§Jbm ~gV Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio ’w$bm§Mo Am{U e|Jm§Mo à‘mU H$‘r hmoVo.
OmVr
Vm{‘iZmSy> H¥${f {díd{dÚmb¶, H$moB©‘Vya ¶m g§ñWoZo H$moB©‘Vya-1, H$moB©‘Vya-2,
{n. Ho$. E‘-1 Am{U nr. Ho$. E‘.2 ¶m bdH$a e|Jm ¶oUmao d ânya à{WZo Agbobo dmU àgm[aV Ho$bobo AmhoV. VgoM H$moH$U
H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo H$m|H$U é{Mam dmU àgm[aV Ho$bobm Amho. ¶m OmVrMr PmS>o 5 Vo 6 ‘rQ>a C§M AgyZ PmS>mg 16 Vo 22
’$m§Úm AgVmV VgoM ~mJbH$moQ> (H$Zm©Q>H$) ¶oWrb {dÚmnrR>mZo "^m½¶m' hr OmV Mm§Jë¶m CËnmXZmgmR>r {dH$grV Ho$br Amho.
bmJdS>
ì¶mnmar VËdmda eod½¶mMr bmJdS> H$amd¶mMr Agë¶mg nmdgmÀ¶m nydu 60 g|.‘r. bm§~, é§X Am{U Imob IÈ>o
¿¶mdoV. bmJdS> H$aVmZm XmoZ PmS>m§Vrb d AmoirVrb A§Va 33 ‘rQ>a R>odmdo. eoVmÀ¶m ~m§Ymda bmJdS>rgmR>r 3 Vo 4 ‘rQ>a
A§Va R>odmdo. eod½¶mMr A{^d¥ÜXr ’$mQ>o H$b‘ d {~¶mnmgyZ amono V¶ma H$ê$Z Ho$br OmVo. na§Vw {~¶mUmnmgwZ bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mg
‘mV¥d¥jmà‘mUoM JwUY‘© Agbobr PmS>o {‘iy eH$V ZmhrV. VgoM {~¶m bmJdS>rnmgyZ Ho$boë¶m PmS>mnmgyZ e|Jm
’$mQ>oH$b‘mnojm 3 Vo 4 ‘{hZo C{eam {‘iVmV. ’$mQ>o H$b‘mnmgyZ bmJdS>rgmR>r 5 Vo 6 g|.‘r. OmS>rÀ¶m gw‘mao 1 Vo 1.25 ‘rQ>a
bm§~rÀ¶m ’$m§Úm dmnaVmV.
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘
H$‘r nmdgmÀ¶m àXoemV (I[anmV) OyZ-Owb¡ ‘Ü¶o n{hë¶m nmdgmZ§Va dmVmdaUmV AZwHy$b ~Xb hmoVmo. hdoVrb
AmÐ©Vm dmT>Vo. Aer hdm ’$mQ>o H$b‘ ’w$Q>Ê¶mg qH$dm amono éOÊ¶mg AZwHy$b AgVo. Voìhm ¶mMdoir bmJdS> H$amdr. ’$mQ>o
H$b‘ AWdm amono bmdë¶mda Ë¶mÀ¶m Odirb ‘mVr nm¶mZo Mm§Jbr Xm~mdr d hmVnmUr Úmdo. bmdS>rZ§Va 6 Vo 8 ‘{hZo
JaO nS>ob Voìhm nmUr XoD$Z PmS>o OJdmdr.
bmJdS>rZ§Va ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr
eodJm bmJdS>rZ§Va Amdí¶H$ ‘hËdmÀ¶m ~m~r åhUOo Am§Va‘emJV, à‘m{UV$ IVm§Mm dmna, PmS>mMr ¶mo½¶ N>mQ>Ur ¶m
~m~tMr H$miOr KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Am§Va‘emJV H$amdr bmJV Zmhr. VargwÜXm PmS>mMr Amir IwanyZ ñdÀN> H$amdrV.
VgoM XmoZ PmS>mÀ¶m AmoirV dIaUr H$amdr. åhUOo VUmMm CnÐd hmoUma Zmhr. {edm¶ nmdgmMo nmUr O{‘ZrV ‘wabo OmVo.
eod½¶mbm à{Vdfu àË¶oH$ PmS>mg nmdgmÀ¶m gwédmVrg 10 {H$bmo eoUIV, 75 J«°‘ ZÌ (165 J«°‘ ¶w[a¶m), 50 J«°‘ ñ’w$aX
(312 J«°‘ gwna ’$m°ñ’o$Q>) d 75 J«°‘ nmbme (120 J«°‘ å¶waoQ> Am°’$ nmoQ>°e) Úmdo. eod½¶mMo PmS> PnmQ>çmZo dmT>Umao
Agë¶m‘wio PmS>m§Zm AmH$ma XoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. ì¶dpñWV AmH$ma {Xbm ZmhrVa PmS> C§M dmT>Vo. Ë¶m‘wio e|Jm H$mT>Ur
AdKS> OmVo. ¶mgmR>r bmdS>rZ§Va Mma ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr n{hbr N>mQ>Ur H$amdr. ¶mdoir ImoS> O{‘ZrnmgyZ 1 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda N>mQ>mdo
Am{U Mma {Xembm Mma ’$m§Úm dmTy> Úmì¶mV. PmS>mMr C§Mr H$‘r hmoD$Z e|Jm H$mT>Uo gmono OmB©b. Ë¶mZ§Va 7 Vo 8 ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr
Mmarhr ’$m§Úm ‘w»¶ ImoS>mnmgyZ EH$ ‘rQ>a A§Vamda N>mQ>mì¶mV. Ë¶m‘wio PmS>mMm ‘w»¶ AmamIS>m V¶ma hmoB©b d PmS>mMr C§Mr
H$‘r hmoD$Z e|Jm H$mT>Uo gmono OmB©b d CËnmXZ dmT>ob. nwT>o PmS> OgOgo OwZo hmoB©b VgVgo Xa XmoZ dfmªZr E{àb ‘o ‘{hÝ¶mV
e|Jm {ZKmë¶mda N>mQ>Ur H$amdr åhUOo PmS> {Z¶{‘V CËnmXZ XoB©b.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ
bmJdS>rnmgyZ gw‘mao 8 Vo 10 ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr e|Jm {‘iy bmJVmV. nyU© dmT>rÀ¶m Am{U Á¶m§Mm nri nyU© CbJS>bm Amho
Aem e|Jm bm§~rZwgma OwidyZ ¿¶mì¶mV. ßbmñQ>rH$ H$mJX JmoUnmQ>mda Jw§S>mië¶mg e|JmMm VOobm OmñV H$mi {Q>Hy$Z amhVmo.
EH$ dfm©Z§Va Xadfu EH$ Mm§Jë¶m PmS>mnmgyZ gw‘mao 25 Vo 50 {H$bmo e|Jm {‘iVmV.
158Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Jdma {nH$mMr JdmaJ‘gmR>r bmJdS>
^maV hm Jdma ~r Am{U JdmaJ‘Mm à‘wI CËnmXH$ Xoe Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ ~mOmanoR> gd©ñdr ^maVmda
Adb§~yZ AgyZ ^{dî¶mV Jdma ~rbm dmT>Vr ‘mJUr amhrb. ~rOm§Hw$a, ~rOH$mof Am{U Q>a’$b Ago Jdma ~rMo VrZ ^mJ
AgVmV. ¶mV ~rOm§Hw$amMo à‘mU 41 Vo 46 Q>³Ho$, ~rOH$mof 34 Vo 43 Q>³Ho$ Am{U Q>a’$bMo à‘mU 13 Vo 18 Q>³Ho$ AgVo.
¶mVrb ~rOH$mof hm JdmaJ‘Mm ‘w»¶ ñÌmoV AgVmo.
J‘gmR>rÀ¶m Jdma {nH$mgmR>r AZwHy$b hdm‘mZ
ho nrH$ {d{dY hdm‘mZmV d ‘mVrV VJ Yê$ eH$Vo. H$moaS>dmhÿ nrH$ AgyZ OmñV Vmn‘mZmV (25-35 A§e go.) d
H$‘r nmdgmV (250-300 {‘.{‘.) ¶oD$ eH$Vo. {ZMam hmoUmar hbH$s O‘rZ d O{‘ZrMm gm‘y 7.5 Vo 8 Agmdm bmJVmo.
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘
Jdma ho nrH$ 90 {Xdgm§Mo Amho. C{eam, bdH$a n³d hmoUmè¶m OmVtZwgma H$mbmdYr WmoS>m’$ma ~XbVmo. I[anmV Owb¡V
Am{U CÝhmir h§Jm‘mV ’o$~w«dmarV bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mg {~¶m§Mo Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. noaUrdoir XmoZ AmoitV XmoZ ’y$Q> Am{U XmoZ
amonm§V 5 Vo 10 g|.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo. noaUrnydu 16 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX à{V EH$a Úmdm bmJVmo. ¶m{edm¶ H$moUVohr IV XoÊ¶mMr
Amdí¶H$Vm Zmhr. nrH$ A{Ve¶ H$‘Hw$dV Agob Va EH$ Q>³H$m ¶w[a¶m ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
bmJdS>rg Cn¶w³V OmVr
EMOr-884, AmaOrgr-1038, AmaOrE‘-112, AmaOr-1031, AmaOrgr-1017, AmaOrgr-1002,
AmaOrgr-1003, AmaOrgr-986, EMOrgr-365, EMOrgr-563, AmaOrgr-936 ¶m OmVtMo {~¶mUo h[a¶mZm,
amOñWmZmV {‘iy eH$Vo.
(A) {~¶mUmMo à‘mU … EH$ar nmM {H$bmo {~¶mUo bmJVo.
(~) H$mT>Ur … H$mnUr, ‘iUrZ§Va doJio Ho$bobo ~r ~mOmamV nmR>{dbo OmVo. H$mT>Ur H$ê$Z gmR>dUhr H$aVm ¶oVo. EH$ar AS>rM
Vo VrZ p³d¨Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo. H$mT>Urdoir PmS>o CISy>Z ‘iUr ¶§ÌmV Q>mHy$Z {~¶m ~mhoa nS>VmV. gy¶©àH$memV EH$ {Xdg
{~¶m dmi{dUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. H$mT>Urdoir e|Jm ~S>dyZhr Ë¶mVrb XmUo H$mT>Vm ¶oVmV.
Jdma {nH$mg§X^m©V - * Mm§Jë¶m OmVr hì¶mV. * {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ Amdí¶H$ *EH$Q>çm eoVH$è¶mZo nrH$ KoÊ¶mnojm
JQ>mZo àm¶mo{JH$ VËdmda bmJdS> H$amdr. * gwédmVrbm WmoS>çm joÌmda bmJdS> H$ê$Z ~mOma^mdmMm A§XmO ¿¶mdm.
* Z§Va joÌ dmT>{dÊ¶mMm {ZU©¶ KoUo CËV‘.
CÚmoJmVrb ‘mJUr
ñWm{ZH$ ~mOmanoR>oV Q>o³ñQ>mB©b, nona, ñ’$moQ>Ho$, AÞ nXmW© d Am¡fYo, Vob {dhra {S´>qbJ, gm¢X¶© àgmYZo Am{U BVa
CÚmoJmV à{V df© VrZ hOma Q>Z S>mi nmdS>a bmJVo. S>mi V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r e§âhÿZ A{YH$ H$maImZo XoemV AmhoV. n¡H$s
OmoYnya ¶oWo Jdma ~rnmgyZ S>mi V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMo 50 H$maImZo AmhoV. EHy$U H$maImÝ¶m§n¡H$s drg Q>³³¶m§hÿZ A{YH$ H$maImZo
S>mirnmgyZ nrR> V¶ma H$aVmV.
JdmaJ‘Mm nXmWm©V dmna
JdmaJ‘ JdmarÀ¶m {~¶m§nmgyZ ~Z{dVmV. Ë¶mMm dmna AÞnXmW© KQ²>Q> Am{U gd© KQ>H$ EH$Ì ~m§YyZ R>odÊ¶mgmR>r
Ho$bm OmVmo. H$mnS> V¶ma H$aUo, nona, Am¡fYr, Vob CÚmoJmV VgoM [’$§Ja {Mßg‘Ü¶o Vo dmnabo OmVo. ~Q>mQ>m [’$§Ja {Mßgbm
JdmaJ‘Mo AmdaU {Xë¶mZo {Mßg ViVmZm Vob emofÊ¶mMo à‘mU 10.05 Q>³Ho$ H$‘r hmoVo. J‘À¶m AmdaUm‘wio {MßgMo nmUr
emofÊ¶mMo à‘mU dmTy>Z {Mßgbm IwgIwerVnUm ¶oVmo, {MßgMr JwUdËVm dmT>Vo. AmB©ñH«$s‘, erVno¶o, ’$im§Mo ag, nwqS>J,
Mm°H$boQ> XÿY, gwJ§Yr no¶o, Om‘, Oobr, ~«oS>, {~ñH$sQ>, Hw$H$sO, Ho$H$ d AÝ¶ ~oH$ar nXmW©, ‘m§gmhmar nXmW©, Za‘ nZra, MrO
ñno«S²>g, hdm~§X S>ã¶mVrb ‘mgo d _Q>U, Q>mo_°Q>mo Ho$MAn, gm°g, eod`m d nmñVm `m nXmWmªV dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. dOZ H$_r
H$aUo, _Yw_oh AmOmam§da Wa_moOo{ZH$ nXmW© åhUyZhr JdmaJ‘ dmnabm OmVmo.
CÚmoJm§Vrb à{H«$¶oMr nÜXV
Jdma ~rda H$moaS>r Am{U Amobr Aer XmoZ àH$mao à{H«$¶m Ho$br OmVo. H$moaS>çm à{H«$¶oV ~r ñdÀN> H$ê$Z 15 Vo 17
Q>³Ho$ nmÊ¶mV {Ô{dVmV. Ë¶mZ§Va 40 A§. go. Vmn‘mZmbm ~mam Vmg {~¶m dmi{dë¶m OmVmV. Ë¶mg XmoZ Q>³Ho$ à‘mUmV
gy¶©’y$b Vob bmdbo OmVo. Ë¶mZ§Va Q>a’$b H$mTy>Z ~rOH$moemnmgyZ H$ƒm Jm|X (qS>H$) V¶ma hmoVmo. Ë¶mZ§Va ewÜX Jm|X nrR>
{‘iVo. Amobr à{H«$¶m H$aVmZm Amåbmar ÐmdUmV ~r 100 A§e go. Vmn‘mZmbm nmM {‘{ZQ>o CH$ibo OmVo. Ë¶mZ§Va ~rdarb
AmdaU H$mTy>Z Q>mH$bo OmVo. AmåbVm dmT>dyZ ~r ñdÀN> nmÊ¶mZo YwVbo OmVo. AmdaU H$mT>bobo ~r gwH$dUr ¶§ÌmZo gwH$dyZ
âS>bo OmVo. MmiUrVyZ JmiyZ Jdma S>mi Am{U ~rOm§Hw$a doJio Ho$bo OmVo. S>mi XiyZ Ë¶mnmgyZ H$ƒm Jm|X d Ë¶mZ§Va ewÜX
Jm|X nrR> V¶ma Ho$bo OmVo. hr à{H«$¶m eoVH$ar nmVirda H$aVm ¶oÊ¶mgmaIr Zmhr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 159

hiX
O‘rZ … CÎm‘ {ZMè`mMr ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, ZXr H$mR>Mr- nmo`Q>m ‘mVr AVr CÎm‘, MwZIS>r`wº$ d MmonU O‘rZ
Q>mimdr.
nyd© ‘emJV … Cä`m AmS>ì`m 2 Zm§JaQ>r, Hw$idUr H$aUo, O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$aUo.
gwYm[aV dmU … \w$bo ñdê$nm, gob‘, H¥$îUm, Am¶Am¶EgAma Ho$Xma‘, Am¶Am¶EgAma A„onr gwàr‘
noaUr d bmJdS>rMo … 15 ‘o Vo OyZ Mm n{hbm AmR>dS>m. 75 go§.‘r. A§Vamda gè`m nmSy>Z garÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyg
A§Va 37.5 x 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda da§ã`m‘Üò bmJU H$amdr. {R>~H$ qgMZmgmR>r 20 Vo 25 g|.‘r. C§MrMo
120 g|.‘r. é§XrMo JmXr dm\o$ V`ma H$ê$Z 30 x 30 g|.‘r.da bmJdS> H$amdr.
{~`mUo … JÈ>o {~`mUo 25 Vo 30 {¹§$Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar
~rO à{H«$`m … {³dZm°b \$m°g 25 B©.gr. (20 {‘.br.) + 10 {b. nmUr qH$dm S>m`‘oWmoEQ> 30 B©.gr. (10 {‘.br.)
+ 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mMo ÐmdU 100 Vo 120 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg dmnamdo. {~`mUo ÐmdUmV {H$‘mZ 15-20
{‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ R>odmdo.
Am§Va{nHo$ … hiX + KodS>m, hiX + ‘wim, hiX + nmbo^mÁ`m, hiX + ‘oWr, hiX + {‘aMr.
IVo … bmJdS>rnydu à{V hoŠQ>ar 50 Vo 80 ~¡bJmS>çm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV {‘giyZ Q>mH$mdo. amgm`{ZH$
IVm§Mr ‘mÌm à{V hoŠQ>ar 200 {H$bmo ZÌ, 100 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 100 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdr. bmJdS>rnydu
100 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d 100 {H$bmo nmbme Úmdo. ZÌmMr ‘mÌ XmoZ g‘mZ hâË`m‘Üò bmJdS>rZ§Va 6 d
10 Vo 12 AmR>dS>çmZo âUr H$aVodoir Úmdr.
âIVo … hoŠQ>ar 2 Q>Z qZ~moir qH$dm H$a§Or n|S>rMm dmna âUrÀ`m doir H$amdm.
g|Ðr` hiX
1) O¡{dH$ ~rO à{H«$`m … hoŠQ>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV ìh°‘ (VAM) 12.5 {H$bmo + nr.Eg.~r. 5 {H$bmo + A°Pmoñnm`[a{b`‘
5 {H$bmo {‘giyZ ÐmdUmV 15 {‘{ZQ>o H§$X ~wS>dmdoV.
2) IVm§Mr ‘mÌm … eoUIV 22 Q>Z/ho. + qb~moir n|S> 4 Q>Z/ho. + Jm§Sw>i IV 2 Q>Z/ho.
âUr H$aUo … hiXrMo H§$X CKS>o amhÿ ZòV `mgmR>r bmJdS>rZ§Va 10 Vo 12 AmR>dS>çm§Zr ‘mVrZo âUr H$amdr. âUr H$aVmZm
{e\$mag Ho$boë`m IVm§À`m ‘mÌm Úmì`mV.
Am§Va‘emJV … XmoZ Vo VrZ doim IwanUr H$amdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va 5 Vo 7 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo, nmdgmù`mV nmD$g Zgë`mg 10 Vo 12 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo
Va {hdmù`mV 12 Vo 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo O{‘ZrÀ`m à{VZwgma nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
nrH$ g§ajU
H$mT>Ur … {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur nrH$ ZD$ ‘{hÝ`mMo Pmë`mda H$amdr. H$mT>Urnydu O{‘ZrÀ`m à{VZwgma 15 Vo 20 {Xdg nmUr
VmoS>mdo. Hw$XirZo ImoXyZ H$mT>Ur H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … gwYm[aV V§ÌmZwgma bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg Amoë`m hiXrMo hoŠQ>ar 250 Vo 350 {¹§$Q>b Va dmiboë`m hiXrMo 60 Vo
75 q¹$Q>b CËnmXZ {‘iVo. JmXr dmâ¶mda bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mg hiX H$mT>Ur ¶§ÌmìXmao H$mT>Ur H$aVm ¶oVo Ë¶m‘wio ‘OwarV ~MV
hmoVo.
à{H«$¶m … hiXrÀ¶m OmñV CVmè¶mgmR>r Am{U Hw$aHw$‘rZ {Q>H${dÊ¶mH$arVm 200 {H$bmo j‘VoÀ¶m Hw$H$a ¶§Ìm‘Ü¶o 15 {‘ZrQ>mV
hiX dm’o$da ( 1.2 {H$/g§o.‘r2) {eOdmdr.
160Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Ambo
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo hbH$s nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar Agmdr.
nyd©‘emJV … Cä`m -AmS>ì`m XmoZ Imob Zm§JaQ>r, T>oH$io \$moS>Uo, Hw$idUo B.
gwYm[aV dmU … ‘m{h‘, [aAmo-S>r-OmZoamo, H$mbrH$V, ‘{h‘m, daXm
noaUr … E{àb ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m eodQ>À`m AmR>dS>çmnmgyZ ‘o ‘{hÝ`mAIoa.
{~`mUo … 25 Vo 45 J«°‘ dOZmMo S>moio \w$Jbobo, 18 Vo 20 q¹$Q>b {~`mUo à{V hoŠQ>a.
~rOà{H«$`m … {¹$Zm°b\$m°g 25 B©gr (20 {‘.br.) 10 {b. nmÊ`mÀ`m ÐmdUmV {~`mUo 20 {‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ
bmJdS>rg dmnamdo.
IVo … eoUIV 50 Vo 80 ~¡bJmS>çm nyd©‘emJVrMo doir ‘mVrV {‘giyZ Úmdo. ZÌ 120 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>ar VrZ
g‘mZ hßË`mV bmJdUrZ§Va n{hbm hßVm XrS> ‘{hÝ`m§Zr Ë`mZ§Va Xwgam d {Vgam hâVm EH$ EH$ ‘{hÝ`mMo
A§VamZo Úmdm. ñ\w$aX 75 {H$bmo d nmbme 75 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a bmJdS>rnydu dmâ`mV ngê$Z Úmdo.
âIVo … hoŠQ>ar 2 Q>Z qZ~moir qH$dm H$a§Or n|S> Amë`mMr CQ>miUr H$aVodoir bmJdS>rZ§Va 2.5 Vo 3 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
dmnamdr.
Am§Va‘emJV … Amdí`H$VoZwgma 3 Vo 4 IwanÊ`m H$amì`mV. O‘rZ OmñV VwS>dbr OmUma Zmhr `mMr XjVm ¿`mdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … O{‘ZrMo ‘JXwamZwgma 8 Vo 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV. {R>~H$ qH$dm Vwfma gyú‘
qgMZ nÕVrMm dmna Ho$ë`mg CËnmXZ dmT>Vo.
H$mTUr … bmdUrZ§Va 8 Vo 10 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr nmZo {ndir nS>ë`mda qH$dm dmië`mda Hw$XirÀ`m ghmæ`mZo Im§XUr
H$ê$Z H$mT>Ur H$amdr.
CËnmXZ … 15 Vo 20 Q>Z / hoŠQ>a.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 161

nmZdob
hdm‘mZ … nmZdobrgmR>r W§S> N>m`m, hdoV Amdí`H$ X‘Q>nUm Am{U O{‘ZrV gVV AmobganUm Agmdm bmJVmo. dm{f©H$
nO©Ý`‘mZ 40 g|.‘r. Vo 75 g|.‘r. Agboë`m àXoemV `m {nH$mMr dmT> hmoVo. AmÐ©Vm 60 Vo 70% À`m Xaå`mZ Agmdr
bmJVo. H$moaS>o d CîU hdm‘mZ, OmoamMm dmam d A{VW§S>r `m {nH$mg ‘mZdV Zmhr.
O‘rZ … gwnrH$, CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrMr {ZdS> H$amdr. H$mir ‘mVr Agboë`m O{‘ZrV qH$dm nmÊ`mMm {ZMam Z
hmoUmè`m O{‘ZrV nmZ‘ù`mMr bmJdS> H$ê$ Zò. bmJdS>rnydu {hadirMo nrH$ KoVë`mg \$m`Xoera R>aVo.
nyd© ‘emJV … Cä`m AmS>ì`m 3-4 Imob Zm§JaQ>r, Hw$idUr H$aUo, O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$aUo. hoŠQ>ar 80 JmS>çm Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo
eoUIV ‘mVrV {‘gimdo. nmZdobrg gmdbr Am{U AmYmamgmR>r eodar, eodJm qH$dm hXJm `m dZñnVtMr bmJdS>
AmIUrPmë`mZ§Va OyZ qH$dm Owb¡ ‘{hÝ`mV n{hë`m AmR>dS>çmV H$amdr.
OmVr … ‘hmamï>´>mV ~hþVoH$ {OëømV H$nyar OmVrMr bmJdS> Ho$br OmVo. H¥$îUm nmZ hr OmV ‘hmË‘m \$wbo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo
{dH${gV Ho$br Amho.
`m OmVrMr d¡{eîQ>ço
CËnmXZ àM{bV OmVrnojm 27% OmñV, nmZo AmH$mamZo OmS> d ‘moR>r, nmZm§Mm A{YH$ {Q>H$mD$nUm (17 {Xdg), AmH$ma
b§~Jmob Am{U e|S>çmH$S>o {Z‘yiVr d AmH$f©H$ Amho. `m{edm` H$mbrnÎmr, {‘R>m nmZ, ‘KB©, ~Zmagr, Xoemdar d
~m§Jbm dJu` OmVtMr bmJdS> H$mhr ^mJmV Ho$br OmVo.
nmZdobrMr bmJdS>
nmZdobrMr ~oÊ`mnmgyZ bmJdS> H$amdr bmJVo. gmYmaUnUo 3 Vo 4 df} d`mÀ`m dobrMo e|S>çmH$S>rb 45 go§.‘r.
bm§~rMo Mma noamMo d 5 Vo 6 nmZo Agbobo agaerV \$mQ>rXma Omo‘Xma ~oUo {ZdS>mdo. AmYmamgmR>r bmdboë`m eodJm, eodar, hXJm
`m PmS>mMr C§Mr XmoZ Vo AS>rM \$w$Q> Pmë`mZ§Va nmdgmMr [a‘{P‘ Mmby AgVmZm Am°JñQ> ‘{hÝ`mV dobrMr bmJdS>
H$amdr. eodarÀ`m ~w§Ü`mer dmâ`mÀ`m ~mOyg 25 Vo 30 g|.‘r. bm§~, 8 Vo 10 g|.‘r. ê§$X d 10 g|.‘r. Imob Ma V`ma
H$amdm. Ë`mV eoUIV Q>mH$mdo. ~oÊ`mMm e|S>m da R>odyZ AÜ`m©nojm OmñV ^mJ MamV R>odyZ d ‘mVr KmbyZ nm`mZo Xm~mdo. XmoZ
dobrVrb A§Va 60 g|.‘r. R>odmdo. H$m§S>çmdarb ‘yio O{‘ZrH$S>rb ~mOyg òVrb `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
{Zdmam … nmZdobrMo D$Z, dmam d W§S>r nmgyZ g§ajU hmoUo AË`§V JaOoMo Amho. Ë`mgmR>r nmZ‘ù`mÀ`m Mmar ~mOyg VmQ>çm ~m§YyZ
{Zdmam H$amdm Ë`mgmR>r dmibobo JdV/D$gmMo nmMQ>, ZmaimÀ`m Pmdù`m B.Mm Cn`moJ H$amdm.
Am§Va‘emJV … nmZdobrMr bmJU Ho$ë`mZ§Va dfm©VyZ XmoZXm IwanUr H$ê$Z 1-2 doim dmâ`mVrb ‘mVr dobrÀ`m ~w§Ü`mbm
bmdmdr åhUOo nmUr gmaIo ~gVo. `m {H«$òbm “‘§Om H$aUo’’ Ago åhUVmV.
dobr§Mr ~m§YUr … dobrMr OgOer dmT> hmoV OmB©b VgVer dobrMr eodJm/eodar `m AmYma d¥jmÀ`m ImoS>mbm gwH$boë`m
nmZH$UgmÀ`m nmZmZo g¡b ~m§YUr H$amdr. doirM ~m§YUr Z Ho$ë`mg dob dmHw$Z ‘moS>VmV. dfm©VyZ 10 Vo 12 ~m§YÊ`m H$amì`m
bmJVmV.
gmdbr H$‘r H$aUo … nmZmMr JwUdÎmm Mm§Jbr {‘iÊ`mgmR>r eodJm d eodar `m§À`m \$m§Úm N>mQ>Uo JaOoMo Amho. CÝhmù`mV
100% {hdmù`mV 40% d nmdgmù`mV 15 Vo 20% gmdbr R>odmdr.
‘mVr KmbUo … O{‘ZrMm nmoV {Q>Hy$Z Mm§Jë`m àVrMr nmZo {‘iÊ`mgmR>r dfm©VyZ XmoZ doim ‘miamZmÀ`m Vm§~S>çm ‘mVrMm
n{hbm hâVm hoŠQ>ar 40 Q>Z BVH$m nmdgmim g§në`mda d Xwgam hâVm âUrÀ`m AJmoXa EH$ ‘{hZm hoŠQ>ar 40 Q>Z BVH$m
dmâ`mV dmnamdm.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
dm\$m nÕV … O{‘ZrÀ`m ‘JXwamà‘mUo nmdgmù`mV JaO ^mgë`mg, {hdmù`mV 10 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo Va CÝhmù`mV 5 Vo
6 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo nmUr Úmdo.
{R>~H$ qgMZ nÕV … `mV nmÊ`mMr 50% ~MV hmoD$Z CËnmXZ 40% dmT>Vo.
dobrMr CVaU H$aUo … npíM‘ ‘hmamï>´>mV OmZodmar Vo ‘o Xaå`mZ EH$XmM CVaU Ho$br OmVo. CVaUnyd© 8 {Xdg AJmoXa
H$m~©oÝSo>Pr‘ 0.1% Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr d CVaU H$aVmZm dmâ`mV bm§~rÀ`m ~mOyZo 15 g|§.‘r. ê§$X d 20 g|.‘r. Imob
Ma ImoXmdm. ‘mÌ Ë`m‘Üò eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ> IV Z dmnaVm H$a§O n|S> qH$dm qZ~moir n|S>rMm dmna H$amdm. Ë`mZ§Va bJoM
Q´>m`H$moS´>‘m© ßbg 100 J«°‘ à{V 10 {bQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV AmidUr Úmdr. dmT>bobr g§nyU© dob gmoS>dyZ Vr B§J«Or 8 `m
AmH$mamV didwZ H$moUË`mhr àH$mao BOm hmoD$ Z XoVm n{hë`m CVaUrÀ`m doir Mw§~i H$ê$Z nwU©nUo Mam‘Üò Xm~mdr d Z§VaÀ`m
CVaUrÀ`mdoir e|S>çmH$S>rb 75 go§.‘r. Mw§~i da R>oD$Z ~mH$sMm nmd ^mJ Mam‘Üò Xm~mdm d bJoM nmUr Úmdo.
IVo … nmZ‘ù`mg dfm©VyZ XmoZ doim Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV Úmdo. n{hbm hâVm CVaUrÀ`m doir hoŠQ>ar 25 Vo 30 JmS>çm
162Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

d Xwgam hâVm nmdgmù`mV Owb¡ ‘{hÝ`mV hoŠQ>ar 60 Vo 70 JmS>çm Úmdm. VgoM {Z§~moir Am{U H$a§OrMr n|S> Q>mH$mdr.
nmZmMr H$mT>Ur … dobrda ZdrZ nmZo \w$Q>ë`mda 35 Vo 40 {Xdgm§Zr H$mT>Urg V`ma hmoVmV. nmZm§Mr H$mT>Ur Xa 15 {Xdgm§Zr
H$amdr. EH$m ~m§~yÀ`m H$a§S>rV 1500 Vo 3000, S>ß`mV 6000 Va S>mJmV 12000 nmZo AgVmV. \$mnS>m Am{U H$ir Aem
XmoZ àH$maÀ`m nmZm§Mr H$mT>Ur H$ê$Z Vr ~mOmamV AmUbr OmVmV.
CËnmXZ … hoŠQ>ar 500 Vo 600 S>mJ CËnmXZ {‘iVo.
‘a amoJ ì`dñWmnZ - {Z`§ÌU
1. bmJdS>rgmR>r nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ {ZdS>mdr. H$mir d nmÊ`mMm {ZMam Z hmoUmar ^mar O‘rZ
2. dobtMr CVaU hr Hw$eb ‘Owam§H$Sy>ZM H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
3. CVaU OmZodmar Vo OyZ n`ªV H$amdr. CVaU H$aÊ`mnydu AmR> {Xdg AJmoXa dobrda H$m~}ÝS>mPr‘ 0.1% \$dmamdo.
4. CVaUrÀ`mdoir dobtÀ`m ‘yim§da VgoM eodJm d eodarÀ`m ‘yimda AgUmè`m gyÌH¥$q‘À`m JmR>r Ma H$mT>V AgVmZm
doMyZ OmiyZ Zï> H$amì`mV.
5. CVaUrÀ`mdoir MamV qb~moir n|S> qH$dm H$a§Or n|S>rMm dmna H$amdm d MamV Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© ßbg O¡{dH$ ~waerMr hoŠQ>ar
5 {H$bmo ‘mÌm KoD$Z AmidUr H$amdr.
6. nmZ‘ù`mVrb ñdÀN>Vo~amo~aM nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwadmVrg 1% {Vd«VoÀ`m ~moS>m}{‘lUmMr AmidUr, VX²Z§Va EH$
‘{hÝ`mZr hoŠQ>ar nmM {H$bmo ¶m à‘mUmV Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© ßbg `m O¡{dH$ ~waerMr AmidUr, VX²Z§Va EH$ ‘{hÝ`mZr EH$
Q>¸$m {Vd«VoÀ`m ~moS>m} {‘lUmMr nwZ…í` AmidUr VX²Z§Va Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© ßbgMr hoŠQ>ar 5 {H$bmo ‘mÌm Xa XrS> ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
AmidUr KoV amhmdo.
nmZmdarb ‘a amoJmMo {R>nHo$ … `m amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r 0.5% ~moS>m}{‘lU qH$dm 0.25% H$m°na Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S>À`m
\$dmaÊ`m 15 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo OyZ Vo gßQ>|~a `m H$mbmdYrV H$amì`mV.
AUwOrd H$anm … `m amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$m°na Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> 0.25% + 250 nrnrE‘ ñQ´>oßQ>mogm`ŠbrZ \$dmamdo.
~waerOÝ¶H$anm … `m amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$m°na Am°ŠPrŠbmoamB©S> 0.25 Q>¸o$ qH$dm ‘°ZH$moPo~ 0.25% qH$dm
ŠbmoamoW°bmo{Zb 0.15% `mn¡H$s XmoZ Am¡fYmMr {ZdS> H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mr AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z \$dmaUr H$amdr.
AÞÐì`mMr H$‘VaVm … `m‘wio nmZm§Mr Q>moHo$ d H$S>m OiVmV/ H$anVmV. `mÀ`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r gë\o$Q> Am°\$ nmoQ>°e
(EgAmonr) 0.5% \$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm nmZ‘ù`mV (EgAmonr) IV nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwadmVrg d Am°ŠQ>mo~a‘Üò Úmdo.
H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ
Zwer … dobrMr CnÐdmg ~ir nS>bobr nmZo Ë`mdarb ZwerÀ`m {n„mgh H$mTy>Z Zï> H$amdrV.
nmZo ImUmar Air … hr {H$S> amÌrÀ`m doir OmñV {H«$`merb AgboZo {Z`§ÌUmg AdKS> OmVo. åhUyZM à{V~§YmË‘H$ Cnm`
H$aUo \$m`ÚmMo R>aVo. (1) A§S>rnw§O d ZdOmV Aù`m§Mm g‘wh Zï> H$amdm. (2) ñnmoS>mobyaMm dmna H$ê$Z hoŠQ>ar 5 \o$amo‘Z
gmnio bmdmdoV. (3) amÌrÀ`m doir nmZ‘ù`mV 200 d°Q> {dOoMm ~ë~ gw`m©ñVmZ§Va Mma Vmg gwé R>oD$Z Ë`mImbr am°Ho$b
{‘lrV nmÊ`mMo ^m§S>o R>odmdo. Ë`m‘wio {Xì`mH$S>o òUmao nV§J am°Ho$b {‘lrV nmÊ`mV nSy>Z ‘aVrb. (4) O¡{dH$ Cnm` åhUyZ `m
{H$S>rg amoJH$maH$ Eg.Eb.EZ.nr.ìhr.{dfmUw 500 {‘br 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ gm`§H$mir Mma Z§Va \$dmaUr gmR>r dmnamdoV.
`m ÐmdUmV 50 J«°‘ Jwi d 10 J«°‘ {Zi Q>mH$mdr. H$m‘J§Y gmnù`mV gamgarZo amoO ghm qH$dm OmñV nV§J gbJ 2 Vo 3 {Xdg
gmnS>ë`mg EZnrìhr qH$dm Zmo‘y[a`m [abmB©Mm dmna H$amdm.
bmb H$moir … {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d {XgwZ Amë`mg nmÊ`mV {daKiUmao 80% J§YH$ 20 J«°‘ /10
{bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmamdo. \$dmaUr H$aVmZm nmZmMr ImbMr ~mOy ZrQ>er \$dmabr OmVo H$m `mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
VwS>VwS>o d ‘o~a°{gS>g … CVaUrÀ`m AJmoXa Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr eodar, eodJm Am{U dobrda H$amdr. `m
H$arVm qZ~moir AH© 5 Q>¸o$ \$dmaUrgmR>r dmnaVm òB©b. `m{edm` {~ìho[a`m ~°{gAmZm hr O¡{dH$ ~waer 2 {H$bmo 500 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mVyZ \$dmaë`mg {H$S>rMm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoVmo. `m O¡{dH$ ~waerÀ`m \$dmaUrgmR>r nmZ‘ù`mVrb AmÐ©Vm 80% nojm OmñV
Agë`mg {H$S>rMo {Z`§ÌU Mm§Jë`m àH$mao hmoVo.
\y$b{H$S>o … nmZ‘ù`mVrb H$Mè`mMr {d„odmQ> VËnaVoZo bmdmdr. O{‘ZrMr IwanUr H$amdr. `m {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d AmT>iyZ
òVmM VwS>VwS>o / ‘o~a°{gS>ggmR>r gm§{JVbo à‘mUo {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
hþ‘Ur … nmZ‘im bmdUonwdu O{‘ZrMr Imob C^r AmS>dr Zm§JaQ> H$amdr Am{U Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV. nmZ‘ù`meoOmar
qb~, ~m^wi `mgmaIo d¥j Agë¶mg H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdoV.
gyÌH¥$‘r … CVaUrÀ`m doir ‘yimdarb gyÌH¥$‘rÀ`m JmR>r IwSy>Z Ë`m OmiyZ Zï> H$amì`mV. Ë`mZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§Zr Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©
ßbg hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$bmo CVaUrÀ`m doir d Z§Va àËòH$ {XS> ‘{hÝ`m§Zr hoŠQ>ar 5 {H$bmo `m à‘mUmV AmidUrgmR>r dmnamdm.
`m{edm` nmZ‘ù`mV JmoJbJm`rMm gwÕm àmXw^m©d nmdgmù`mV AmT>iVmo. Ë`mH$arVm 100 {H$bmo JìhmMm qH$dm ^mVmMm
H$m|S>m ¿`mdm Ë`mV 5 {H$bmo Jwi + 1 {H$bmo {‘Wmo‘rb {‘gimdo gXa {‘lUmMo A{‘f eoVmV R>odmdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 163

\$io d ^mOrnmbm à{H«$`m V§ÌkmZ
{d{dY àH$maÀ`m \$io d ^mÁ`mnmgyZ à{H«$`m`wº$ nXmW© H$aVm§Zm Ë`mVrb agmMo d JamMo à‘mU, gmIa d AmåbVoMr
‘m{hVr AgUo AË`§V JaOoMo AgVo. ‘hËdmMr \$io d ^mÁ`m‘Yrb agmMo / JamMo à‘mU, EHy$U {dÐmì¶ KQ>H$ d
AmåbVoMo à‘mU Imbrbà‘mUo VŠË`mV {Xbobo Amho.
{d{dY \$imVrb ag/Ja, gmIa d AmåbVoMo à‘mU
A.Z§. \$io/^mÁ`m ag/Ja à‘mU (%) EHy$U {dÐmì¶ KQ>H$ AmåbVm (%)
1. Am§~m 45 20 0.40
2. Ðmj 75 20 0.63
3. Ho$ir 55 20 0.40
4. noé 45 12 0.56
5. ~moa 40 16 0.24
6. Smqi~ 50 12 0.32
7. nnB© 70 10 0.10
8. {MHy$ 40 18 0.15
9. qb~y 47 08 6.5
10. {gVm\$i 47 21 0.32
11. ñQ´>m°~oar 70 07 1.4
12. Amdim (1:0.25) 65 09 2.0
13. qMM (1:1.5) 60 30 4.0
14. AZZg 42 15 0.49
15. Om§^yi 50 13 1.2
16. Q>mo‘°Q>mo 80 06 0.30
1. S>mqi~mnmgyZ AZmaXmZm
AZmaXmZm àm‘w»`mZo Am§~Q> OmVrÀ`m S>mqi~mnmgyZ H$aVmV. {nH$boë`m S>mqi~mMo XmUo gy`m©À`m CîUVoZo dmidyZ
Ë`mnmgyZ AZmaXmZm ~Z{dVmV. na§Vw à`moJmA§Vr Ago {XgyZ Ambo Amho H$s AmnUmH$S>o CnbãY Agboë`m H$‘r
Am§~Q>OmVr CXm. JUoe, ‘¥Xwbm nmgyZgwÜXm Mm§Jë`m àH$mao AZmaXmZm H$aVm òD$ eH$Vmo. `mH$[aVm àW‘ S>mqi~mMr \$io
{ZdSy>Z Vr ñdÀN> YwdyZ, gmb H$mTy>Z, XmUo doJio H$amdoV. Z§Va 1 {H$bmo S>mqi~mÀ`m XmÊ`mV 50 J°«‘ gm`Q´>rH$ Amåb
{‘giyZ Vo gy`©àH$memV 3 Vo 4 {Xdg qH$dm H°${~ZoQ> S´>mà‘Üò 55-60 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmbm 14 Vo 16 Vmg gwH$dyZ
AZmaXmZm V`ma hmoVmo. V`ma Pmbobm AZmaXmZm ßb°pñQ>H$ {neì`mV ^éZ Ë`mMr gmR>dU qH$dm {dH«$s H$amdr.
2. Am°ñQ´>o{b`Z {S>ntJ Am°B©b nÜXVrZo ‘ZwHo$ V`ma H$aUo
`m nÜXVrV nŠd KS>mMr {ZdS> H$éZ Vr ñdÀN> nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ KodyZ, \$io BWmB©b AmobrEQ> (20 {‘.{b. à{V
{bQ>a) Am{U nmoQ>°{eA‘ H$m~m}ZoQ> (2.4 J«°‘ à{V {bQ>a) `m§À`m {‘l ÐmdUmV 4-5 {‘ZrQ>o R>odmdrV. Z§Va \$io
S´>mà‘Üò 55-60 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmg qH$dm gmdbrV gwH$dmdrV. `m nÜXVrZo V`ma Ho$bobo ‘ZwHo$ erVJ¥hmV gmR>dmdoV
åhUOo ‘ZwHo$ H$mio nS>V Zmhr.
3. Amdim H°$ÝS>r
Amdù`mMr H°$ÝS>r H$aVm§Zm nyU© {nH$bobr ‘moR>r qH$dm ‘Ü`‘ AmH$mamMr agXma \$io {ZdS>mdrV. \$im§Zm àW‘
CH$iË`m nmÊ`mMr à{H«$`m 8-10 {‘{ZQ>o XoD$Z Ë`m‘Yrb {~`m Am{U H$mn doJio H$amdoV. AY©dQ> {eO{dboë`m \$im§da
~moQ>mMm Xm~ {Xë`mda \$imÀ`m nmH$ù`m {~`m§nmgyZ ghOnUo doJù`m H$aVm òVmV. doJio Ho$bobo H$mn àW‘ 50 {S>J«r
{~«Šg Agboë`m gmIaoÀ`m nmH$mV 24 Vmg R>odmdoV. 1 {H$bmo \$moS>rgmR>r 300 {‘. J«°‘ nmÊ`mV 300 J°«‘ gmIa
{‘giyZ 50 {S>J«r {~«Šg nmH$ H$amdm. d Ë¶mV 1 Q>³Ho$ gm¶Q´>rH$ Amåb {‘gimdo. Xwgè`m {Xder nmH$mVrb {~«ŠgMo
à‘mU gmYmaUnUo 25-30 EdT>o H$‘r hmoVo. Ë`m‘Üò 350 Vo 400 J«°‘ gmIa {‘giyZ Ë`mMm {~«Šg 60 {S>J«r H$amdm.
{Vgè`m {Xder Ë`mM nmH$mV 500 Vo 600 J«°‘ gmIa {‘giyZ Ë`mMm {~«Šg 70 {S>J«r H$amdr. nmMì`m {Xder Ë`mM
nmH$mV 150 Vo 200 J«°‘ gmIa Kmbmdr
164Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Am{U 7 ì`m qH$dm 8 ì`m {Xder nmH$mV ‘waboë`m nmH$ù`m ~mhoa H$mT>mì`mV. nmH$mV àW‘nmgyZM 2 Q>¸o$ Amë`mMm ag
qH$dm {dbm`Mr nyS> {‘gië`mg V`ma hmoUmè`m H°$ÝS>rbm Amë`mMr qH$dm {dbm`MrMr ‘Ywa Md òVo. H±$ÝS>r V`ma Pmë`mda
nmÊ`mV PQ>nQ> YwdyZ ¿`mdr qH$dm ‘b‘bÀ`m H$mnS>mZo nwgyZ ¿`mdr Am{U Zoh‘rÀ`m Vmn‘mZmg ImobrV 3-4 {Xdg ñdÀN>
Q>o~bmda gwH$dmdr. gwH$bobr H±$ÝS>r ßb°ñQ>rH$À`m {nedrV ^éZ hdm~§X H$amdr åhUOo Vr df©â {Q>Hy$ eH$Vo.
4. Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r
a§JrV, ‘Ywa d JmoS> Amoë`m Imo~è`mgmaIo VwH$S>o åhUOoM Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r. H$ÀÀ`m nnB© \$im§nmgyZ Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r V`ma H$aVmV.
Ë`mM à‘mUo ~moam§nmgyZgwÜXm Aer Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r V`ma H$aVm òVo. Ë`mgmR>r C‘amU, H$S>mH$m `mgma»`m AmH$mamZo ‘moR>çm AgUmè`m
OmVr dmnaVmV. `m Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>rMm Cn`moJ {d{dY àH$maMo Ho$H$, \«w$Q>~o«S>, lrI§S>, \«w$Q> g°b°S>, AmB©gH«$s‘ ‘Üò H$aVm òVmo. ~moam-
nmgyZ Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r H$aVm§Zm àW‘ nyU© n¹$, {ndiga ~moa\$i {ZdSy>Z, Vr nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ, Ë`mVrb {~`m H$mTy>Z Ë`mMo bhmZ bhmZ
VwH$S>o H$amdoV. Z§Va `m VwH$S>çm§Zm CH$iË`m nmÊ`mMr 3-4 {‘{ZQ>o à{H«$`m XodyZ 50% gmIaoÀ`m nmH$mV hdm Vmo Z¡g[J©H$ a§J
Q>mHy$Z 1 {Xdg R>odVmV. Z§Va Ë`m nwT>rb à{H«$`m H°$ÝS>rà‘mUoM H$éZ CÎm‘ àVrMr Qw>Q>r\«w$Q>r {‘i{dVm òVo.
5. \$im§nmgyZ dmB©Z
Ðmj, S>mqi~, ~moa, noé, {gVm\$i, Om§^yi, AZZg, g§Ìr BË`mXr \$im§nmgyZ dmB©Z V`ma H$aÊ`m~m~VMo à`moJ
{dÚmnrR>mÀ`m AÞemó d V§ÌkmZ {d^mJmV H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. ÐmjmnmgyZ dmB©Z V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r {ZamoJr d VmOr
Ðmj\$io {ZdSy>Z, ñdÀN> YwdyZ Ë`mMm ag H$mT>mdm. `m agmMm {~«Šg 23 [S>J«r d AmåbÎmm 0.7 Q>¸o$ R>odmdr. Ë`m‘Üò
A‘mo{Z`‘ gë\o$Q> 0.5% Am{U nmoQ>°{e`‘ S>m` hm`S´>moOZ \$m°ñ\o$Q> 0.1% Q>mH$mdo. ho {‘lU H$mMoÀ`m M§~yV qH$dm
âbmñH$‘Üò 70 A§e go. Vmn‘mZmg 30 {‘{ZQ>o R>odmdo. W§S> Pmë`mZ§Va `m {‘lUmV 5 Q>¸o$ g°H°$amo‘m`{gg {g[aìhrgr ho ‘wadU
KmbyZ a~ar ~yM Agboë`m ^m§S>çmV Am§~dmdo. V`ma hmoUmam H$m~©ZS>mÀm°ŠgmB©S> dm`w a~ar ~wMmg H$mMoMr Zir d a~ar Zir
OmoSy>Z nmÊ`mV Jmoim H$amdm d a~ar ~wM n°am{\$Z d°ŠgÀ`m ghmæ`mZo hdm~§X H$amdo. eodQ>r `m {‘lUmMm {~«Šg 3 Vo 4 [S>J«r
EdT>m H$‘r Pmë`mZ§Va Am§~{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m Wm§~dmdr. Am§~{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m 26 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmg gmYmaUnUo 8 Vo 10
{XdgmV nwU© hmoVo d Ë`m‘Üò gmYmaUnUo 9 Vo 10 Q>¸o$ AëH$mohmob V`ma hmoD$Z dmB©Z V`ma hmoVo. Am§~{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m nwU©
Pmë`mda Vo {‘lU ‘b‘b H$mnS>mVyZ EH$ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m A§VamZo MmaXm JmiyZ ¿`mdo. `m {H«$òbm a°H$s¨J Ago åhUVmV. eodQ>r
Ë`mV 400 {‘J«°/ {b. ~oÝQ>moZmBQ> Q>mHy$Z dmB©Z g|Q´>râ`wO H$aUo åhUOo ñdÀN> dmB©Z V`ma hmoVo. V`ma Pmbobr ñdÀN> dmB©Z 15-
16 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmg Mma ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV R>odmdr. `m {H«$òbm ‘°À`waoeZ Ago åhUVmV.
6. qMMonmgyZ à{H«$`m`wº$ nXmW©
‘hmamï>´>mV qM§MoMo CËnmXZ \$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoVo. Q>a\$bo, {eam Am{U qMMmoHo$ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$boë`m n¹$ qMM\$im§nmgyZ
{d{dY à{H«$`m`wº$ nXmW© V`ma H$aÊ`mMo V§ÌkmZ {dH${gV H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. `m‘Üò \$im§Mm Ja Am{U nmdS>a `m nXmWm©g
‘moR>r ‘mJUr Amho. \$im§nmgyZ Ja H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r qMM\$io 1:1.5 (\$io:nmUr) `m à‘mUmV nmÊ`mV ghm Vmg {ÔV R>odmdo.
Z§Va {‘lU nëna ‘{eZ‘YyZ H$mT>ë`mda Ja {‘iVmo. qMMoMm Ja gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r 1 {H$bmo JamV 650 {‘br J«°‘ gmo{S>`‘
~oÝPmoEQ> Q>mHy$Z, 80 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmg 30 {‘{ZQ>o Ja‘ H$éZ Z§Va `mo½` AmH$mamÀ`m H°$Z qH$dm ~mQ>ë`mV âVmV. Ë`m H°$Z
qH$dm ~mQ>ë`m 70 A§e go|. Vmn‘mZmbm 20 {‘{ZQ>o VmndyZ ‘{eZÀ`m ghmæ`mZo S>~b {gb H$éZ gmR>{dVmV. qMMoMo 1 {bQ>a
ga~V H$aÊ`mgmR>r 100 J«°‘ Ja KodyZ, JamVrb gmIa J¥hrV YéZ Cabobr gmIa (118 J«°‘) Q>mHy$Z Ë`mMm {~«Šg 15 {S>J«r
H$amdm d AmåbVm Q>maQ>marH$ AmåbmÀ`m (1 J«°‘) ghmæ`mZo 0.4 Q>¸o$ H$amdr d Cabobo nmUr (780 {‘.br.) dmnéZ ga~V
H$amdo. EH$ {bQ>a {gan H$aÊ`mgmR>r 250 J«°‘ Ja ¿`mdm. JamVrb gmIa d AmåbVm J¥hrV YéZ Cabobr gmIa (170 J«°‘) d
Q>maQ>m[aH$ Amåb (10 J«°‘) Q>mHy$Z Ë`mMm {~«Šg 65 {S>J«r d AmåbVm 1.2 Q>¸o$ H$éZ Cabobo nmUr (570 {‘.br.) Q>mHy$Z
{gan ~Zdmdo. {gan dmnaVm§Zm EH$ ½bmg {gan A{YH$ Mma ½bmg nmUr {‘giyZ ga~V H$amdo. {ganMr gmR>dUj‘Vm A{YH$
AgVo.gm°g V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r JamMr AmåbVm ImÊ`mÀ`m gmoS>çmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo H$‘r H$éZ 1 {H$bmo JamV EHy$U dmnamd`mÀ`m
gmIaoÀ`m (48 J«°‘) 1/3 gmIa Q>mH$mdr. Z§Va ‘gmë`mMo nXmW© (H$m§Xm 40 J«°‘, bgyU 4 J«°‘, {‘aMr nyS> 1.5 J«°‘, bd§J,
Xmb{MZr, Om`nÌr, Bbm`Mr, H$mio{‘ar) nmVoë`mV nwaMw§S>r ~m§YyZ JamV ~wS>dyZ Va§JV R>odmdr d Ja {Vgè`m {hí`mn`ªV
AmQ>dmdm.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 165

Ja AmQ>dV AgVm§Zm nirZo nwaM§wS>rbm hiydmanUo AYwZ ‘YyZ gVV hbdmdo åhUOo ‘gmë`mMm AH©$ JamV EH$Ord hmoB©b.
Z§Va JamV ‘rR> (25 J«°‘), noŠQ>rZ (5 J°«‘) d am{hbobr gmIa Q>mHy$Z nwÝhm WmoS>m doi {eOdmdo ({~«Šg 32 {S>J«r)
eodQ>À`m Q>ßß`mV pìhZoJma (95 {‘br.) Q>mHy$Z V`ma Pmbobm gm°g {ZOªVwH$ ~mQ>ë`mV ^éZ Vmo gmR>dmdm.
7. gwHo$ A§Ora
A§OramnmgyZ CÎm‘ àVrMo gwHo$ A§Ora H$aÊ`mH$[aVm {ndiga nŠd {X`mÞm A§Ora \$io (25% qH$dm Ë`mnojm OmñV
{dÐmì` KQ>H$mMo à‘mU Agbobr ) {ZdSy>Z ñdÀN> nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ Ë`m§Zm dm\o$Ûmao (10 nr.Eg.Am`.) 5 {‘{ZQ>o dm\$dyZ, Vo
S´>mà‘Üò 55 Vo 60 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmbm 18 Vo 20 Vmg gwH$dmdrV. A§Ora \$im§V EHy$U {dÐmì` KQ>H$mMo à‘mU 25%
nojm H$‘r Agë`mg Vr \$io darbà‘mUo dm\$dyZ, 50% namd{V©V gmIaoÀ`m nmH$mV 24 Vmg R>odyZ Z§Va Vr S´>mà‘Üò 55
Vo 60 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmbm 18 Vo 20 Vmg gwH$dmdrV.
8. Qmo‘°Qmo Ho Mn
Q>mo‘°Q>mo Ho$Mn V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r ag 3 {H$bmo, H$m§Xm 40 J«°‘, bgyU 3 J«°‘, bd§J, Xmb{MZr, Om`nÌr, dobMr, H$mio
{‘ao, {‘aMrnwS> àËòH$s 2 J«°‘, ‘rR> 30 J«°‘, gmIa 150 J«°‘ d pìhZoJma 100 {‘.{b. dmnamdo. àW‘ ag nmVoë`mV KodyZ
Ë`mV EHy$U gmIaoÀ`m 1/3 gmIa Q>mH$mdr. gd© ‘gmë`mMo nXmW© OgoÀ`m Vgo ‘b‘b H$mnS>mV ~m§YyZ Ë`mMr nwaM§wS>r ~m§Ymdr.
hr nwaM§wS>r nmVoë`mV agm‘Üò ~wS>dyZ Va§JV R>odmdr. nmVobo ‘§X eoJS>rda R>odyZ ‘wi agmÀ`m {Vgè`m {hí`mn`ªV AmQ>dmdm.
ag AmQ>dV AgVmZm nirZo nwaM§wS>rbm hiydmanUo AYyZ ‘YyZ gVV Xm~mdo åhUOo ‘gmë`mMm AH©$ agmV EH$Ord hmoB©b.
Ë`mZ§Va am{hbobr gmIa, 35 {_br pìhZoJma Q>mHy$Z ag nwÝhm ‘wi agmÀ`m 1/3 AmH$ma‘mZ òB©n`ªV AmQ>dmdm. h°ÝS>
[a\«°$ŠQ>mo{‘Q>aÀ`m ghmæ`mZo Ë`mMm {~«Šg ‘moOë`mg Vmo 28 {S>J«r BVH$m òVmo. V`ma Pmboë`m Ho$MAn‘Üò à{V {H$bmo 700 {‘.
J«°‘ gmo{S>`‘ ~oÝPmoEQ> d pìhZoJma Q>mHy$Z EH$Ord H$amdo. Ho$MAn AJmoXa {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m 500 J«°‘ qH$dm 1 {H$bmo
AmH$mamÀ`m ~mQ>ë`mV ^éZ, H«$mD$ZH$m°H©$ ‘{eZÀ`m ghmæ`mZo PmH$Uo bmdyZ hdm~§X H$éZ W§S> d H$moaS>çm OmJr gmR>dmì`mV.
9. ~Q>mQ>m do\$g©
do\$g© V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r ‘Ü`‘ Am{U Jmob AmH$ma Agbobo VmOo, nm§T>ao d Q>UH$ ~Q>mQ>o [ZdS>mdoV. ~Q>mQ>çmÀ`m H§$XmV
H$‘rVH$‘r gmIaoMo à‘mU Agë`mg CÎm‘ àH$maMo do\$g© V`ma H$aVm òVmV. Ë`mH$[aVm Img do\$g©gmR>r {Z‘m©U Ho$boë`m
{MngmoZm Z§. 1 d {MngmoZm Z§. 2 `m ZdrZ OmVr§À`m ~Q>mQ>çm§Mm dmna H$amdm. erVJ¥hmV gmR>{dbobo ~Q>mQ>o Agë`mg Vo do\$g©
H$aÊ`mnydu Zoh‘rÀ`m Vmn‘mZmg 8-10 {Xdg R>odmdoV d Z§Va Ë`mnmgyZ à{H$`m`wº$ nXmW© H$amdoV. ~Q>mQ>o àW‘ nmÊ`mV YwdyZ
ñdÀN> H$aVmV. Z§Va `§ÌmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo g§nyU© gmb H$mTy>Z hmV‘{eZ qH$dm {MßgÀ`m `§ÌmMm dmna H$éZ 1 {‘.{‘. OmS>rMo
H$mn nmS>VmV. ho H$mn 5 Q>¸o$ {‘R>mÀ`m ÐmdUmV gmR>dmdoV. ViÊ`mg KoVmZm ho H$mn ñdÀN> nmÊ`mV YwdyZ ¿`mdoV d bJoM
CH$iË`m [a\$mB§S> VobmV VimdoV. gmR>dUrV, ‘D$ nS>bobo VgoM AmVrb ^mJ {ndiga nS>bm Agob Va Aem ~Q>mQ>çm§Mo
H$mn ViÊ`mnydu 5 Q>¸o$ ‘rR> Am{U 0.25 Q>¸o$ H°$pëe`‘ŠbmoamB©S> qH$dm VwaQ>rÀ`m ÐmdUmV 20-30 {‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ R>odmdoV.
do\$g© ViV AgVmZm VobmÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmda òVmM qH$dm H$T>B©VyZ ~mhoa H$mT>ë`mda Ë`mda bJoM 5 Q>¸o$ {‘R>mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm
\$dmam ‘maë`mg CÎm‘ à{VMo Zoh‘rMo Imao do\$g© V`ma hmoVmV. `m{edm`, doJdoJù`m ‘gmë`mÀ`m {‘lUmMm AH©$ H$mTy>Z Vmo
\$dmaë`mg {d{dY Md d a§J Agbobo do\$g© V`ma H$aVm òVmV. ~Q>mQ>çmMo H$mn H$aVmZm {d{dY àH$maMo gmMo dmnéZ gmYo,
ßboZ qH$dm {S>PmBZMo H$mn Ho$ë`mg do\$g©À`m AmH$mamV Am{U MdrV {d{dYVm AmUVm òVo. do\$g© W§S> Pmë`mda
ßb°mpñQ>H$À`m {neì`mV ~mOma^md Am{U ‘mJUrà‘mUo dOZmMm {dMma H$éZ âmdoV. AemàH$mao Vibobo {Mßg ~§X {nedrV
gmYmanUo 15-20 {Xdgm§n`ªV CÎm‘ amhVmV.do\$g© OmñV H$mi ~§X {nedrV am{hë`mg Ë`m‘Yrb VobmMo {dKQ>Z KSy>Z òVo d
do\$g©bm EH$ àH$maMm CJ« IdQ> dmg òVmo. Vo Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Am{U do\$g© {XK© H$mi gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r do\$g© ViÊ`mnydu Vo
0.1 Q>¸$m ~rEMAo + 0.1 Q>¸$m ~rEMQ>r gmaIr VobmMo Am°pŠgS>rH$aU {damoYr ImÚ agm`Zm‘Üò {‘gimdrV. VgoM {nedrV
n°H$ H$aVmZm ñd`§M{bV {gbtJ `§ÌmMm dmna H$éZ {neì`mV do\$g©~amo~a ZÌ dm`y ^éZ {neì`m hdm~§X H$amì`mV. Ago do\$g©
2 Vo 3 ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV {Q>H$VmV.
166Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

10. nmbo^mÁ`m gwH${dUo
nmbo^mÁ`m eŠ`Vmo VmÁ`m ñdénmV dmnamì`mV. na§Vw nmbo^mÁ`m gwH$dyZ gmR>dVm òVmV d JaOoà‘mUo Ë`m§Mm dmna
X¡Z§{XZ AmhmamV H$aVm òVmo. gd©gm‘mÝ`nUo nmbo^mÁ`m gwH$dyZ {Q>H${dÊ`mH$[aVm Ë`m§Mr {ZdS> H$éZ (ñdÀN> H$aUo, H$mS>çm
dJ¡ao H$mT>Uo) Ë`m nmÊ`mV YwD$Z Ë`m§Zm H$mo‘Q> nmÊ`mV (1 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV gm`Q´>rH$ Amåb 1 J«°‘, ‘rR> 10 J«°‘, gmoS>r`‘ H$m~m}
ZoQ> 1 J«°‘, nmoQ>°[e`‘ ‘oQ>m~m` gë\$mB©S> 0.1 J«°‘, ‘°¾o{e`‘ Am°ŠgmBS> 1 J«°‘) Q>mHy$Z 40 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmbm 30 goH§$X
R>odVmV. Z§Va Ë`m S´>mà‘Üò 45 A§e g|. Vmn‘mZmbm 12-14 Vmg gwH$dyZ Ë`mMr ßbmpñQ>H$À`m {neì`m§V hdm~§X H$éZ
gmR>dU H$aVmV. gwH$boë`m ^mÁ`m§Mr {H$MZ J«mB§S>a‘Üò XiyZ nmdS>a H$aVm òVo.
11. bmoUMo
H$maë`mMo H$mn H$éZ Ë`m‘Üò qb~y, {hadr {‘aMr d Zoh‘rMm ‘gmbm dmnéZ CÎm‘ àH$mao {‘l bmoUMohr H$aVm
òVo.Ë`mgmR>r 1 {H$bmo H$maë`mMo H$mn, 250 J«°‘ qb~mÀ`m \$moS>r, 100 J«°‘ XoR>{dahrV Cä`m H$mnboë`m {haì`m {‘aÀ`m,
250 J«°‘ qb~mÀ`m bmoUÀ`mMm V`ma ‘gmbm, 250 {‘.br. e|JXmÊ`mMo Vob, 150 J«°‘ ‘rR>, 5 J«°‘ hiX, 10 J«°‘ bgyZ
nmH$ù`m `mMm dmna H$amdm.
V¥UYmÝ` à{H«$`m
`m_Üò Jhÿ, _H$m, Vm§Xÿi, Ádmar, ~mOar, amJr BË`mXtMm g_mdoe hmoVmo. JìhmnmgyZ nrR>, _¡Xm, adm, ~«oS>, Ho$H$,
{~ñH$sQ>gh, eod`m B. nXmW© V`ma H$aVm òVmV. VgoM gmbrnmgyZ Vm§Xÿi, nmoho, {MdS>m B. d _Š`mnmgyZ ñQ>mM©, nmoho, O_©,
\w«$ŠQ>moO {gan, bmøm B. Am{U Ádmar, ~mOar, amJr `mnmgyZ AZoH$ àH$maMo KaJwVr AÞnXmW© V`ma Ho$bo OmVmV.
{dH${gV V§ÌkmZ
1. H$m|S>m{dahrV ZmMUr {nR>mnmgyZ nmofU‘wë¶¶wº$ CÎm‘ àH$maÀ¶m Hw$H$sO V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘¡Xm d ZmMUr nrR> ¶m§Mo 70
d 30 Q>¸o$ ¶m à‘mUmV dmna H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
2. ‘mohmÀ¶m dmiboë¶m ’w$bmnmgyZ CÎm‘ àVrMo ‘Ú V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Imbrb à‘mUo à{H«$¶m H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV
¶oVo.
* ’w$bo {‘³ga‘Ü¶o ~marH$ H$éZ Ë¶mV 6 nQ> nmUr Q>mHy$Z ÐmdU 80 A§. g|. Vmn‘mZmg 30 {‘ZrQ>o CH$iyZ ’w$bmVrb
gmIa (150 {~«³g) ÐmdUmV CVadUo.
* ÐmdUmV gmIa KmbyZ 240 {~«³gMo ÐmdU V¶ma H$aUo.
* darb ÐdUmV g°H$amo‘m¶grg gaoìhogr ¶rñQ>Mo 4 % ‘wadZ d 0.07% A‘mo{Z¶‘ gë’o$Q> {‘giyZ 20 A§. g|. bm
10 {Xdg Am§~{dUo.
* ~oÝQ>moZmB©Q>Mm (400 {‘.br./{bQ>a à{V AmR>dS>o 4 AmR>dS>çmn¶ªV) dmna H$aUo.
* 40 gopëgAg Vmn‘mZmg 10 {Xdg gmR>{dUo.
* JmiyZ KodyZ ~m°Q>b‘Ü¶o gmR>{dUo.
3. CÎm‘ àH$maMr Amdir H°$ÝS>r Aën H$mimV (4 {XdgmV) V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Imbrb nÕVrMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
* ’$moS>r 700 {~«³g nmH$m‘Ü¶o {Zdm©V dmVmdaUmV 15 {‘ZrQ>o R>odyZ Z§Va 24 Vmg ‘wa{dUo Ë¶mZ§Va nmH$mMm naV 700
{~«³g H$éZ ’$moS>r {Zdm©V dmVmdaUmV 10 {‘ZrQ>o R>odUo.
* 48 VmgmZ§Va nmH$ d ’$moS>r doJù¶m H$aUo.
* gmdbrV 2 {Xdg gwH${dUo.
4. H$m|S>m{dahrV ZmJbrMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r ZmJbr ñdÀN> H$éZ 6 {‘ZrQ>o àoea Hw$H$a‘Ü¶o dm’$miyZ Ë¶mZ§Va
* Q´>o S´>m¶a ‘Ü¶o 60 A§. g|. bm 5 Vmg dmidmdo.
* Ë¶mZ§Va 2% nmÊ¶mMm {eS>H$mdm XodyZ Ë¶mMm {T>J H$amdm Am{U 1 Vmg R>odmdo.
* gmdbrV 2 Vmg dmidë¶mZ§Va ¶§ÌmÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo nm°bre H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
5. nwZm OmVrÀ¶m A§{OamnmgyZ boXa H$aÊ¶mgmR>r A§OramÀ¶m JamVrb gwédmVrg Agbobo 19% gmIaoMo à‘mU dmT>dyZ
25% Am{U Amåbbm 0.5% H$éZ gXarb Ja 600 go. bm 8 Vmg dmidyZ Ë¶mg àog H$éZ nmoir EdT>r OmS>r
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 167

Amë¶mZ§Va nmoirMo VrZ Wa EH$mda-EH$ R>oD$Z naV Ë¶mg Xm~ XoD$Z Vo 600 bm 15 Vo 16% Obm§emMo à‘mU ¶oB©n¶ªV
(12 Vmg) S´>m¶a‘Ü¶o dmidyZ Ë¶mMo bhmZ H$mn H$éZ nm°{b{WZ nm°D$Mog‘Ü¶o gm‘mÝ¶ Vmn‘mZmg 60 {Xdg Am{U W§S>
dmVmdaUmV 90 {Xdgmn¶ªV Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao gmR>dVm ¶oVo.
6. AÐH$mnmgyZ gw§R> V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AÐH$mbm 8 Vmg nmÊ¶mV {ÔdyZ Ë¶mZ§Va 6 Vmg 3% MwÝ¶mÀ¶m {ZdirÀ¶m
ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ 12 Vmg J§YH$mMr Ywar XoD$Z naV ¶mM à{H«$¶m Xþgè¶m§Xm XoD$Z Q´>oS´>m¶a‘Ü¶o 550 go. bm dmidyZ Mm§Jë¶m
àH$maMr gw§R> V¶ma hmoVo. dmidboë¶m g§wR>rMo CËnmXZ 18 Vo 21% Am{U nmdS>aMo CËnmXZ 15 Vo 17% {‘iVo.
7. ~Ýgr OmVrÀ¶m (JmoXmdar) JìhmnmgyZ CÎm‘ àVrÀ¶m bmøm V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r nwT>rbà‘mUo à{H«$¶m {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV
Amho.
* Jhÿ 3 {Xdg nmÊ¶mV {Ôdë¶mZ§Va CH$iË¶m ÐmdUmV (ImÊ¶mMm gmoS>m d ‘rR> àË¶oH$s 1.5 Q>³Ho$) 1 Vmg R>odmdo
d Z§Va 12 Vo 14 Q>³Ho$ Amobmdm ¶oB©n¶ªoV dmidmdo.
* nyd© à{H«$¶m Ho$boë¶m JìhmnmgyZ 220 Vo 2400 goëgr¶g Vmn‘mZmg bmøm V¶ma H$amì¶mV.
* bmô¶m§nmgyZ {MdS>m V¶ma H$ê$Z ßbmpñQ>H$À¶m {nedrV gm‘mÝ¶ Vmn‘mZmg 1 ‘{hZm gmR>{dVm ¶oVmo.

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{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
168Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

\$io Am{U ^mOrnmë`mMr erVH$jmVrb gmR>dU
Amnë`m XoemVrb \$io A{U ^mOrnmë`mMo EHy$U CËnmXZ Odinmg 289 Xebj Q>Zmnojm OmñV Amho. na§Vw
H$mT>UrZ§VaÀ`m A`mo½` hmVmiUr‘wio Xadfu Amnë`mH$S>o 20 Vo 30% CËnmXZmMm Zme hmoVmo. `m ZmgmS>r‘wio Amnë`m Xoemg
Xadfu 1 bmI H$moQ>r nojmhr OmñV én`m§Mm Am{W©H$ VmoQ>m ghZ H$amdm bmJVmo. \$io Am{U ^mOrnmë`mÀ`m CËnmXZmgmR>r
Pmbobm IM© Am{U doi dm¶m OmVmo. \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§À`m ZmgmS>rMr AZoH$ H$maUo AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s `mo½` gmR>dUrÀ`m
gmo`rA^mdr \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m àM§S> à‘mUmda Iam~ hmoVmV. EH$Va \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m h§Jm‘r AgVmV Am{U Ë`m Zmed§V
AgVmV. H$mT>UrZ§Va OmñV Vmn‘mZm‘wio Am{U ^mÁ`m‘Yrb 5 Vo 10% nmUr ~mînr^dZm‘wio CS>më`mZo Ë`m gwH$m`bm
bmJVmV. Ë`m§Mm VmOonUm Am{U AmH$f©H$nUm Zmhrgm hmoVmo. n[aUm‘r \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§À`m dOZmV PnmQ>çmZo KQ> hmoVo.
gmR>dUwH$sMm CÔoe
\$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mo Am`wî`‘mZ dmT>{dUo hm gmR>dUrMm à‘wI CÔoe Amho. ¶m‘wio J«mhH$mbm XrK© H$mimn`ªV \$io
Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mr CnbãYVm H$éZ XoVm òVo. h§Jm‘mV EH$mMdoir àM§S> à‘mUmV \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mr AmdH$> ~mOmanoR>oV hmoVo.
Ë`mdoir ^md H$mogiVmV Am{U CËnmXH$mbm VmoQ>m ghZ H$amdm bmJVmo. Vo§ìhm `m n[apñWVrV ‘mbmMr gmR>dU H$aVm Ambr
Va ~mOmamV Oo§ìhm Mm§Jbm ^md {‘im`bm bmJVmo Ë`mdoir CËnmXH$ Amnbm ‘mb {dH«$sgmR>r AmUy eH$Vmo. åhUyZ ‘mbmÀ`m
qH$‘Vr‘Yrb MT>CVma Wm§~{dÊ`mgmR>r d ZmgmS>r Q>miÊ`mgmR>r \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mr gmR>dU H$aUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Amho.
gmR>dU H$er H$amdr?
H$mT>Ur Ho$ë`mZ§Va \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§‘Üò H$mhr A§VJ©V O¡{dH$ Am{U amgm`{ZH$ {H«$`m AI§S>nUo Mmby AgVmV. `m
{H«$`m‘Üò ~mînr^dZmMr {H«$`m, {nH$Ê`mMr {H«$`m BË`mqXMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. `m {H«$`m gmR>dUwH$sÀ`m Vmn‘mZmer g§~§{YV
AgVmV. H$‘r Vmn‘mZmbm `m {H«$`m§Mm doJ ‘§X hmoVmo. gwú‘ O§Vy§À`m àmXw^m©dm‘wio \$io Am{U ^mOrnmbm Iam~ hmoVmo. àËòH$
\$im§Mr Am{U ^mOrnmë`m§Mr gmR>dU Ë`m§À`m JaOoZwgma R>am{dH$ Vmn‘mZmbm Am{U R>am{dH$ gmnoj AmÐ©Vobm erVJ¥hmV
H$amdr bmJVo. Ë¶m‘wio \$im§Mo Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mo Am`wî` dmT>Vo. CXm. Am§ã`m§Mr \$io 12-13 A§e go. Vmn‘mZmbm Am{U 85-
90 Q>¸o$ gmnoj AmÐ©Vobm erVJ¥hmV gmR>{dbr AgVm \$im§Mo Am`wî` 4 AmR>dS>çm§n`©ªV {‘iVo.
\$io d ^mOrnmë`m§À`m gmR>dUrgmR>r erVH$j
’$io d ^mOrnmë¶mMr ZmgmS>r Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r CËnmXH$ Amnë`m eoVmV gmR>dUrgmR>r erVH$j ñdV: ~m§Yy eH$Vmo. Ë`mbm
eyÝ` CO}da AmYm[aV erVH$j Ago åhUVmV. H$maU `m erVH$jmV \$io Am{U ^mOrnmbm gmR>{dVmZm H$gë`mhr àH$maMo
`m§{ÌH$, amgm`{ZH$ Am{U {dÚwV D$O}Mr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. hm erVH$j ~m§Ym`bm AË`§V gmonm Am{U Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ñdñV
Agm Amho.
erVH$jmMr aMZm H$er H$amdr
~mînr^dZmZo W§S>nUm {Z‘m©U H$aUo `m VËdmda erVH$jmMr aMZm Ho$br Amho. erVH$j ghO CnbãY AgUmè`m
dñVynmgyZ ~Z{dVm òVmo. `m dñVy Imbrbà‘mUo AmhoV. {dQ>m, dmiy, ~m§~y, dmim Am{U dm`m Jobobr nmoVr. `m erVH$jmMr
aMZm EH$m N>moQ>çm hm¡XmgmaIr AgVo. {dQ>m§Mm EH$ Wa XoD$Z H$jmMm VimMm ^mJ aMmdm. XmoZ {dQ>m§‘Yrb A§VamV ~marH$ dmiy
âmdr. Ë`mZ§Va {dQ>m§À`m XmoZ q^Vr aMyZ Ë`m XmoZ q^Vr‘Yrb A§Va 7.5 g|.‘r. R>odmdo. XmoZ q^Vr‘Yrb A§Va gwÜXm dmiyZo
^éZ ¿`mdo. Aem [aVrZo dmiy Am{U {dQ>m§À`m ghmæ`mZo hm¡X V`ma H$éZ ¿`mdm. `m hm¡Xmda PmH$Ê`mgmR>r ~m§~y‘Üò nmoË`mda
dmim ngéZ Am{U gwVirZo ~m§YyZ KoD$Z PmH$U V`ma H$amdo. dmim Zgë`mg ZmaimÀ`m Pmdù`m dmnamì`mV. Aem [aVrZo
erVH$j ~m§YyZ V`ma hmoVmo. erVH$j eŠ`Vmo PmS>mImbr qH$dm N>namImbr ~m§Ymdm. XaamoO gH$mir Am{U g§Ü`mH$mir Ago
{XdgmVyZ XmoZ doim erVH$jmÀ`m q^VrÀ`m ~mhoarb ~mOyZo nmUr qenS>mdo Am{U q^V Mm§Jbr Amobr H$amdr. Á`m{R>H$mUr
nmÊ`mMr H$‘VaVm Amho Aem {R>H$mUr erVH$jmnmgyZ WmoS>çm Odi A§Vamda EH$m R>am{dH$ C§Mrda ßbmpñQ>H$Mm qnn R>odyZ
qnnmV nmUr âmdo. qnnmbm nmB©n OmoSy>Z erVH$jmÀ`m darb ~mOyg Agboë`m dmiyda nmB©n R>odyZ Ë`mbm {R>~H$ g§MmÀ`m
N>moQ>çm Zù`m OmoS>mì`mV åhUOo nmÊ`mMr ~MV hmoVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 169

erVH$jmVrb Vmn‘mZ Am{U AmÐ©VoMo {Z`§ÌU
{XdgmVyZ XmoZ doim nmUr qenS>Ê`mZo {dQ>m W§S> hmoVmV. erVH$jmV gmR>{dboë`m \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mo ídgZm‘wio Am{U
BVa amgm¶{ZH$ {H«$`m‘wio CîUVm {Z‘m©U hmoVo. {dQ>mda nmUr qenS>ë`mZo hr CîUVm ~mhoa H$mTy>Z KoVbr OmVo Am{U erVH$jmV
Jmadm {Z‘m©U hmoVmo. {Z`{‘VnUo erVH$jmda XmoZ doim nmUr ‘maë`mg H$S>H$ CÝhmù`m‘Üò erVH$jmVrb Vmn‘mZ ho
~mhoaÀ`m Vmn‘mZmnojm 15 Vo 18 A§e gopëgAgZo H$‘r AgVo. {hdmù`mV gwÜXm ~mhoaÀ`m Vmn‘mZmnojm erVH$jmVrb
Vmn‘mZ 5 A§e gopëgAgZo H$‘r AgVo erVH$jmV df©â gmnoj AmÐ©VoMo à‘mU ho 85 Vo 95 Q>¸o$ AgVo. Ë`m‘wio H$‘r
Vmn‘mZ Am{U OmñV AmÐ©Vm `m XmoKm§Mm EH${ÌV n[aUm‘ hmoD$Z \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m§Mo Am`wî` dmT>Vo. \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m
VmÁ`m, Q>dQ>drV Am{U AmH$f©H$ amhVmV. {edm` Ë`m§À`m dOZmVrb KQ> AË`ën AgVo, \$im§Mr {nH$Ê`mMr à{H$`m ‘§X
JVrZo Am{U EH$gmaIr hmoVo.
erVH$jmV \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m H$em gmR>{dVmV?
H$mT>UrZ§Va IaMQ>bobr, VS>m Jobobr, X~bobr \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m ~mOybm H$amì`mV. \$io Am{U ^mÁ`m àVdmarZ§Va
ßbmpñQ>H$À`m H«o$Q>‘Üò R>odyZ Vo erVH$jmV R>odmdo Am{U déZ PmH$U R>odmdo. {Z`{‘VnUo {XdgmVyZ
XmoZ doim nmUr ~mhoaÀ`m ~mOyZo ‘mamdo. erVH$jmV Am§~m, g§Ìr Am{U ~moam§Mo Am`wî` AZwH«$‘o 8, 27 Am{U 12 {XdgmZo
dmT>ë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho. gd©gmYmaU ImobrÀ`m Vmn‘mZmbm `m \$im§Mo Am`wî` AZwH«$‘o 4, 7 Am{U 5 {Xdg BVHo$
AgVo. H$moqW~ra, nw{XZm Am{U amO{Jam E{àb, ‘o ‘{hÝ`m‘Üò ImobrÀ`m Vmn‘mZmbm \$ma Va 1 {Xdg {Q>H$VmV. na§Vw,
erVH$jmV Ë`m§Mr gmR>dUj‘Vm 3 {Xdgm§n`ªV dmT>Vo. {edm` `m nmbo^mÁ`m {haì`mJma VmÁ`m Am{U Q>dQ>drV amhVmV.
^|S>r ImobrÀ`m Vmn‘mZmbm 1 {Xdg Q>dQ>drV amhVo. na§Vw, erVH$jmV Vr 6 {Xdg {Q>H$Vo. VgoM JmOa,‘wim Am{U H$mo~r
erVH$jmV gmR>{dë`mZo AZwH«$‘o 10, 12 Am{U 12 {Xdgm§n`ªV VmÁ`m amhVmV. ~mOmamV ^md Mm§Jbo {‘iVmV, AmdH$
H$‘r ìhm`bm bmJbr H$s CËnmXH$ Amnbm ‘mb Ho$ìhmhr {dH«$sgmR>r H$mTy> eH$Vmo.
nrH$ H$mT>UrZ§VaMo V§ÌkmZ

AÞ n[aajU H$aUo åhUOoM {Q>H${dUo hr ‘hËdnyU© ~m~ hmo`. {deofV… nmofUÑîQ>çm Cn`wº$ nU h§Jm‘r Am{U Zmed§V
\$io d ^mOrnmë`mMr hmoUmar ZmgmS>r n[aajUmZo H$‘r H$aVm òB©b. h§Jm‘mV {dnyb {‘iUmè`m \$io d ^mOrnmë`mMo n[aajU
Ho$ë`mg CËnmXH$mg Vo {H$\$m`Vera R>aob. \$io d ^mOrnmbm Iam~ hmoÊ`mMr nwT>rb VrZ à‘wI H$maUo AmhoV.
1) àmH¥${VH$ H$maUo … H$mT>Ur, hmViUr, n°H$s¨J d dmhVwH$sV {ZîH$miOrnUm‘wio IaMQ>Uo, {MaS>Uo d ’w$Q>Uo.
2) A§VJ©V amgm`{ZH$ ~Xb … \$im§‘Üò A§VJ©V O¡{dH$ VWm amgm`{ZH$ ~Xb KSy>Zhr ‘mb Iam~ hmoVmo.
3) gyú‘O§Vy … \$io d ^mOrnmbm Iam~ hmoÊ`mMo ho à‘wI H$maU AgyZ, Ë`m‘Üò ~waer, `rñQ> d ~°ŠQ>o[a`m `m§Mm g‘mdoe
hmoVmo. `mgmR>r A) O§VwMr g§»`m H$‘r H$aUo (YwUo, nwgUo, gm\$ H$aUo), ~) ZdrZ O§Vy§Mm àdoe ~§X H$aUo åhUOo S>~m
hdm~§X H$aUo Am{U H$) am{hboë`m O§Vy§Mm Zme H$aÊ`mgmR>r à{H«$`m H$aUo `m VËdm§Mm dmna H$ê$Z \$io d ^mOrnmë`mMo
n[aajU H$aVm òVo.
\$io Am{U ^mOrnmbm {Q>H${dÊ`mMo V§ÌkmZ
1) hdm~§X H$ê$Z {Q>H${dUo … `mgmR>r Img Amamo½àjH$ Aem àH$maÀ`m S>ã`m§Mm dmna H$amdm. S>~m hdm~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r
{gbtJ ‘{eZMm dmna H$amdm. àW‘ \$io AJa ^mOrnmbm ñdÀN> H$amdm. H$mhr \$io d ^mOrnmë`mÀ`m ~m~VrV
ãb±MtJ H$aUo OéarMo AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r àW‘ Vb‘ H$mnS>mV ~m§YyZ Vr 1-2 {‘{ZQ>o CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV ~wS>dmdoV d bJoM
W§S> H$amdoV. Z§Va gmb H$mT>Uo, \$moS>r H$aUo B. {H«$`m H$ê$Z V`ma ‘mb {ZOªVyH$ Ho$boë`m S>ã`mV âmdm. \$im§gmR>r
40 Vo 60 % gmIaoMm nmH$ Va ^mOrnmë`mgmR>r 7.5 Vmo 10 % {‘R>mMo ÐmdU Q>mHy$Z S>ã`mVrb \$moS>r ~wSy>Z amhVrb
Aer XjVm ¿`mdr. S>ã`mVrb hdm H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r Vmo Ja‘ H$amdm d bJoM S>~m grb~§X H$amdm. grb~§X S>~o Ja‘
nmÊ¶mMm qH$dm dm’o$Mm dmna H$ê$Z {ZOªVwH$ H$ê$Z ¿¶mdoV. hr à{H«$`m H$miOrnyd©H$ H$amdr. Z§Va S>~o W§S> Pmë¶mda
Ë`mMr gmR>dU W§S> d H$moaS>çm {R>H$mUr H$amdr. Ago S>~o dfm©nojmhr A{YH$ H$mi {Q>Hy$Z amhVmV d AmnUmg hdo Voìhm
dmnaVm òVmV.
170Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2) \$im§Mm ag {Q>H${dUo … \$im§Mm ag H$mTy>Z Vmo hdm~§X S>ã`mV AJa ~mQ>ë`mV ^ê$Z {Q>H$dyZ R>odVmV. ag {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r
nmíMamBPoeZÀ`m nÕVrMm dmna H$amdm. `mgmR>r {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m ~mQ>ë`mV ag âmdm d ~mQ>ë`m§Zm hdm~§X Aer
H«$mD$Z H$m°H©$Mr PmH$Uo ~gdmdrV. `m ~mQ>ë`m 85 A§e gopëg`g Vmn‘mZmg 25 Vo 30 {‘{ZQ>o Ja‘ H$ê$Z nmíMamB©O
H$amì`mV. amgm`{ZH$ n[aajH$mMm dmna H$ê$Z (nmoQ>°{e`‘ ‘oQ>m~m` gë\$mB©Q> qH$dm gmo{S>`‘ ~oÝPmoEQ>) ag {Q>H$dmdm.
3) \$im§Mo ñ¹°$e V`ma H$aUo … \$im§Mm ag 25 à{VeV, gmIa 45 à{VeV d qb~y ag gmoSy>Z BVa \$im§À`m
agmgmR>r gm`{Q´>H$ A°{gS> 1.2 Vo 1.5 à{VeV d nmUr `m§Mo {‘lU H$ê$Z ñ¹°$e ~Zdmdm. ñ¹°$e A{YH$ H$mbmdYrgmR>r
{Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r à{V {b. ñ¹°$e‘Üò 600 {‘{bJ«°‘ gmo{S>`‘ ~oÝPmoEQ> dmnamdo. V¶ma Pmbobm ñ¹°$e {nÊ`mgmR>r
dmnaVmZm VrZ Vo Mma nQ> nmUr Q>mHy$Z Ë`mnmgyZ `mo½` ga~V ~ZVo.
4) \$im§Mo O°‘ d Oobr V`ma H$aUo … \$im§Mm O°‘ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r \$im§Mm Ja d gmIa 45 … 55 `m à‘mUmV
KoD$Z Ë`mV à{V{H$bmo Jamg XrS> Vo XmoZ J«°‘ gm`{Q´>H$ A°{gS> Q>mHy$Z ‘§Xm¾rda {eOdmdm. {‘lU KÅ> nmH$mgmaIo
hmoB©n`ªV åhUOoM EHy$U {dÐmì` KQ>H$ 68.5 {S>J«r {~«³gnojm OmñV ¶oB© n¶ªV {eO{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m H$amdr. {ZOªVwH$
Ho$boë`m ~mQ>ë`mV O°‘ AmoVyZ Vmo nyU©nUo W§S> d KÅ> Pmë`mda Ë`mda ‘oUmMm Wa XoD$Z PmH$U ~gdmdo. OobrgmR>r noê$,
H$dR>, qMM `mgma»`m \$im§Mm dmna H$amdm. H$ƒr \$io d nyU© {nH$bobr \$io g‘à‘mUmV KoD$Z Ë`mMo bhmZ VwH$S>o
H$amdoV. Vo PmH$Vrb BVnV nmUr Q>mHy$Z à{V{H$bmo \$im§gmR>r XrS> Vo XmoZ J«°‘ gm`{Q´>H$ A°grS> Q>mHy$Z AYm© Vmg {eOdyZ
KoVmV. ‘b‘b H$mnS>mÀ`m ghmæ`mZo ag H$mT>mdm. darb {H«$`m nwÝhm H$ê$Z ag H$mT>mdm. hm XmoÝhr doioMm ag EH$Ì
H$ê$Z amÌâ C^Q> ^m§S>çmV R>odyZ Ë`mVrb gmH$m Vimer ~gë`mda ñdÀN> ag Xwgè`m ^m§S>çmV H$mTy>Z ¿`mdm. `m agmMr
noŠQ>rZgmR>r n[ajm KoD$Z ‘J Ë`mV agmÀ`m VrZ MVwWmªe Vo EH$nQ> `m à‘mUmV gmIa Q>mHy$Z O°‘ à‘mUoM {eOdyZ Oobr
V`ma H$amdr. OobrMm {~«Šg 67 [S>J«r {~«³gnojm OmñV Agmdm.
5) \$im§Mo ‘wam§~o V`ma H$aUo … `mgmR>r Amdim, ~moa, g\$aM§X, H$ƒm Am§~m (H¡$ar) `mgmaIr \$io dmnaVm òVmV.
45 {H$bmo \$imgmR>r 55 {H$bmo gmIa dmnamdr. \$io ñdÀN> H$ê$Z ~moMUrZo Q>moMyZ àW‘ 30 Q>¸o$ gmIaoÀ`m nmH$mV
{eOdmdr. Xa 24 VmgmZo nmH$ {eOdyZ d AmQy>Z Ë`mVrb gmIaMo à‘mU 10 Q>ŠŠ`mZo dmT>dmdo. 5 {XdgmZo \$imVrb
gmIaoMo à‘mU 60 [S>J«r {~«Šg hmoB©b. gm`{Q´>H$ Amåb H$‘r Agboë`m \$imgmR>r à{V{H$bmo gmIaog 5 Vo 10 J«°‘
gm`{Q´>H$ A°{gS> dmnamdo. ‘wam§~m ñdÀN> d {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m é§X Vm|S>mÀ`m ~mQ>ë`mV âmdm.
6) bmoUMr V`ma H$aUo … ‘rR>, {VIQ>, {d{dY ‘gmë`mMo nXmW© d ImÚVob `m§À`m ghmæ`mZo \$im§Mr d \$i^mÁ`m§Mr
bmoUMr V`ma Ho$br OmVmV. Am§ã`mMo VWm qb~mMo bmoUMo A{YH$ àM{bV Amho. \$imÀ`m `mo½` AmH$mamÀ`m \$moS>r
V`ma H$amì`mV. 1 {H$bmo \$moS>rgmR>r 150 J«°‘ ‘rR> KoD$Z Vo {‘lU 4-5 {Xdg \$moS>rMm a§J {ndiga hmoB©n`ªV ~§X
^m§S>çmV/~aUrV R>odmdo. `m ‘waboë`m \$moS>r d ‘gmë`mMo nXmW© EH$Ì H$ê$Z Ë`m é§X Vm|S>mÀ`m ñdÀN> ~mQ>ë`mV âmdo
d Ë`mda Ja‘ H$ê$Z W§S> Ho$bobo Vob Kmbmdo. ‘gmbm {‘lUmgmR>r ‘oWr Mma ^mJ, hiX EH$ ^mJ, {VIQ> EH$ ^mJ,
{‘aMr nwS> EH$ ^mJ, ‘moharMr S>mi EH$ ^mJ, qhJ nwS> AYm© ^mJ d XmbMrZr, bd§J, {Oao 1/4 ^mJ Ago à‘mU
¿`mdo. 1 {H$bmo \$moS>tZm 67 Vo 75 J«°‘ ‘gmbm {‘lU dmnamdo.
H$S>YmÝ`m~m~VMo V§ÌkmZ
1) H$S>YmÝò gwb^VoZo {eO{dÊ`mMr nÕV … H$S>YmÝò d S>mir {eO{dÊ`mg ~amM doi bmJVmo. hm {eO{dÊ`mMm
H$mbmdYr H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r Hw$bWr (hþbJm), ‘Q>H$s `mgmaIr H$S>YmÝò AJmoXa nmÊ`mV amÌâ {ÔV R>odVmV d Z§Va
{eO{dVmV. `m nÕVrZo gwÕm {eO{dÊ`mg Cera bmJVmo. `mgmR>r nmÊ`mV ImÊ`mMm gmoS>m (1.5 Q>¸o$) d gm`Q´>rH$
Amåb (0.50 Q>¸o$) Q>mHy$Z H$S>YmÝò amÌâ {ÔV R>odmdrV. Ë`m‘wio {eO{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m H$‘r doimV hmoVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 171

2) bdH$a V`ma hmoUmè`m H$S>YmÝ`mMo ‘moS> … doJdoJù`m àH$maÀ`m H$S>YmÝ`m§Zm ‘Q>H$sà‘mUo ‘moS> AmUmdoV. Aer
‘moS> Ambobr H$S>YmÝò CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV 3-5 {‘{ZQ>o ~wS>dyZ CÝhmV gw‘mao 10-12 Vmg dmidyZ KoD$Z ßbmpñQ>H$À`m
{neì`mV ^ê$Z gmR>{dVmV. hr dmidbobr H$S>YmÝò OéarZwgma ghm ‘{hÝ`m§n`ªV Ho$ìhmhr dmnaVm òVmV. dmnaÊ`mnydu
Vr 1 Vmg H$mo‘Q> nmÊ`mV {ÔdmdrV. `m H$mbmdYrV Vr VmÁ`m ‘moS> Amboë`m H$S>YmÝ`mà‘mUoM {Xgy bmJVmV.
V¥UYmÝ`m~m~VMo V§ÌkmZ
1) ~mOar … ~mOar ho Amnë`mH$S>rb EH$ à‘wI AÞnrH$ AgyZ, àm‘w»`mZo ^mH$arÀ`m ñdénmV Im„o OmVo. ~mOarMo nrR>
gmYmaUnUo 4-5 {XdgmV H$Sw>ga hmoV Agë`m‘wio nwîH$i bmoH$ ~mOar ImUo Q>miVmV. ~mOarÀ`m nrR>mMr gmR>dU
j‘Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ H$aÊ`mV Ambo Amho. ~mOarMo YmÝ` {dai \$S>Š`mV ~m§YyZ CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV 15 Vo 20
goH§$X ~wS>{dë`mg Ë`m‘Yrb nrR>H$Sy> H$aUmao KQ>H$ {ZpîH«$` hmoVmV. Aem YmÝ`mnmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobo nrR> 30 {Xdgm§n`ªV
Mm§Jë`m pñWVrV gmR>dVm òVo.
2) H$mir Ádmar … Iarn h§Jm‘mV KoVbobr Ádmar ~è`mMdoim nmdgmV gmnS>ë`mda Vm§~S>r qH$dm H$mir nS>Vo. Aer
Ádmar ImÊ`mg A`mo½` AgyZ, ~mOmamV ^md Zgë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Mo ‘moR>o ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. Aem àH$mao Vm§~S>çm qH$dm
H$mù`m ÁdmarMo ‘moVrH$aU nÕVrZo nm§T>è`m ÁdmarV énm§Va H$aÊ`mMo VgoM Aem ÁdmarnmgyZ nm§T>am ew^« ñQ>mM© V`ma
H$aÊ`mMo V§ÌkmZ {dH$grV H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho.
~oH$ar V§ÌkmZ Am{U \$io ^mOrnmbm à{H«$`m à{ejU dJ©
emgZmÀ`m amoOJma d ñd`§amoOJma {Z{‘©VrÀ`m H$mb~Õ H$m`©H«$‘m§VJ©V ~oamoOJma `wdH$m§Zm à{ejU XoD$Z ñdV…Mm
bKwCÚmoJ gwê$ H$aÊ`mg àoarV H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m {d^mJm‘m\©$V ~oH$ar V§ÌkmZ Am{U \$io d ^mOrnmbm à{H«$`m à‘mUnÌ dJ© gwê$
H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. gXa XmoZhr à{ejU dJ© {Z`{‘VnUo à{ejUmWvMr 15 Vo 20 EdT>r g§»`m Pmbr, H$s am~{dbo
OmVmV. VgoM gd© BÀNw>H$m§Zm àdoe XoÊ`mV òVmo. A{YH$ ‘m{hVrH$[aVm BÀNw>H$m§Zr à‘wI, AÞ{dkmZ d V§Ìemó {d^mJ,
‘\w$H¥${d, amhþar, \$moZ (02426) 243259 `m§Moer g§nH©$ gmYmdm.
\w$bo \«w$Q> qS´>H$ : \$i agmda AmYm[aV erVnoò

‘hmamï´>mV àm‘w»`mZo S>m{i§~, ~moa, Amdim, qMM, Am§~m BË`mXr \$i{nH$m§Mr bmJdS> ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dmT>V Amho.
~hþVm§er \$io hr AË`§V Zmed§V Agë`m‘wio Ë`mMo H$mT>UrZ§VaMo Am`wî`‘mZ \$maM H$‘r AgVo. gmYmaUnUo
20-30 Q>¸o$ \$io Zme nmdVmV. ^maVmV BVa Xoem§À`m VwbZoV (~«mPrb 70 Q>¸o$, A‘o[aH$m 65 Q>¸o$, ‘bo{e`m 83 Q>¸o$ d
Bóm`b 50 Q>¸o$) A{Ve` ZJÝ` à‘mUmda (2.2 Q>¸o$) \$io d ^mOrnmë`mda à{H«$`m Ho$br OmVo. ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dm`m
OmUmar hr \$io à{H«$ògmR>r dmnaÊ`mV Ambr Va ~è`mMA§er hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm òB©b.
Iao nmhVm \$io Am{U ^mOrnmbm Amnë`m Amamo½`mMr H$dMHw§$S>bo AmhoV. Amamo½` ajUmgmR>r Am{U g§dY©ZmgmR>r
{ZgJm©Zo ‘mZdmbm {Xbobr Vr EH$ AZ‘mob XoUJr Amho. ‘mÌ `m XoUJrMm {Z`{‘VnUo g§Vw{bV dmna Z Ho$ë`m‘wio earamMr
amoJ à{VH$maH$eº$s H$‘r hmoV OmVo d Amnë`mbm AZoH$ AmOma Am{U ì`mYtZm Vm|S> Úmdo bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r \$io Am{U
^mOrnmbm `m§Mo {Z`{‘V godZ Ho$bo nm{hOo. ‘mÌ \$io d ^mOrnmbm h§Jm‘r Agë`mZo Ë`m§À`m {Q>H$mdy nXmWmªÀ`m godZmZo
Amnë`m Amamo½`mMr JaO ^mJ{dVm òVo. ^maVm‘Üò erVnoò hr g‘mOmÀ`m gd© Wam‘Yrb {d{dY d`moJQ>m‘Yrb bmoH$ VhmZ
^mJ{dÊ`mgmR>r ObnmZ åhUyZ Amamo½`mgmR>r qH$dm Am¡fYr JwUY‘m©gmR>r KoVmV. ‘Ú {da{hV erVnoò hr {d{dY àH$maMr
AgVmV. CXm. \$i agmda AmYm[aV noò, H¥${Ì‘ erVnoò Am{U H$m~m}ZoQ>oS> erVnoò. ^maVm‘Üò erVno`m§Mr g§nyU© df©â
‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ‘mJUr AgVo. Z¡g{J©H$ \$ino`m§Mo ‘hÎd Imbrb ‘wÚmdéZ ñnï> hmoVo.
1. \$imnmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m no`m§‘Üò \$im§Mm ag dmnaë`mZo Ë`m§À`m‘Üò Amnë`m earambm Amdí`H$ Aer OrdZgÎdo
Am{U I{ZOo ânya à‘mUmV AgVmV.
2. Mdrbm Am§~Q>JmoS> no`m§Mm Amnë`m earamVrb {dåb nXmWmªÀ`m gmR>çmda \$m`Xoera n[aUm‘ hmoV AgVmo.
3. \$i no`m§‘Üò EH$ àH$maMm ‘§X Agm gmaH$ JwU Amho. Vr H$mhr A§er AÞ nMZmg ‘XV H$aVmV.
(CXm. qMM no`, qb~y no¶)
172Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

4. H$mhr \$im§nmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobr \$inoò aº$Xm~ H$‘r H$aÊ`mg ‘XV H$aVmV.
5. \$ino`m§À`m godZmZo Amnë`m earambm ËdarV eº$s {‘iVo d VhmZ e‘Vo . Ë`m‘wio ‘wbm§Zm Am{U AmOmar ì`º$tZm \$i
noò KoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br OmVo.
6. Om§^yi no` ‘Yw‘ohmda JwUH$mar Amho.
7. h§Jm‘mV Mdrbm Mm§Jbr Agbobr na§Vw AmH$mamZo bhmZ Agë`mZo {dH«$sg A`mo½` \$io, ag H$mTy>Z noò H$aÊ`mgmR>r
dmnaë`mZo Ë`mnmgyZ A{YH$ \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
8. \$ino`m§Zm naXoemV Mm§Jbr ‘mJUr Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mr {Z`m©V H$éZ naH$s` MbZ {‘i{dVm òB©b.
9. Mhm, H$m°\$sgma»`m ^yH$ ‘§XmdUmè`m no`m§Mr OmJm KoÊ`mMr j‘Vm \$i no`m§‘Üò Amho.
10. \$i à{H«$`m CÚmoJm‘wio amoOJmamÀ`m {d{dY g§Yr CnbãY hmoVrb.
11. ZwH$gmZrMo à‘mU ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV H$‘r H$aVm ¶oB©b.
^maVm‘Üò à{Vdfu H¥${Ì‘[aË`m V`ma Ho$boë`m H$m~m}ZoQ>oS> erVno`m§À`m ~mQ>ë`m§Mo CËnmXZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoVo. Aem
àH$maÀ`m H$m~m}ZoQ>oS> erVno`m§‘Üò H¥${Ì‘[aË`m V`ma Ho$bobo a§J d ñdmX `m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. ho H¥${Ì‘ a§J d ñdmX
Amamo½`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo Anm`H$maH$ AgVmV. Oa `m H¥${Ì‘[aË`m a§J d ñdmXmnmgyZ ~Z{dÊ`mV òUmè`m no`mEodOr Z¡g{J©H$
\$im§Mm agmnmgyZ H$m~m}ZoQ>oS> noò ~Z{dbr Va \$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda eoVH$è`m§À`m \$im§Mm dmna hmoD$Z Ë`m§Mr hmoUmar
ZmgmS>r d n`m©`mZo hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm òB©b. VgoM Amnë`mH$S>rb CËnmXrV hmoUmè`m {d{dY \$im§‘Yrb Am¡fYr`wº$
JwUY‘© J«mhH$m§Zm Ë`m§À`m Amamo½`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVrb. H$m~m}ZoeZ `m à{H«$òV erVno`m§‘Üò H$m~©Z-S>m`-Am°ŠgmBS> R>am{dH$
Xm~mImbr {‘gibm OmVmo. `m à{H«$ò‘wio erVno`m§‘Üò O§Vy§Mr dmT> hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr d erVno`m§Mo Am`wî`‘mZ dmT>Vo. {edm`
"H$' `m OrdZgÎdmMo {dKQ>Z amoIbo OmVo d {d{eï> àH$maMr VrúU Md òVo.
{dÚmnrR>m‘Ü¶o {d{dY \$im§Mm ag V`ma H$aÊ`m{df`rMo V§ÌkmZ d \$i agm§da AmYm[aV H$m~m}ZoQ>oS> erVnoò `m g§X^m©V
ârd H$m‘ Pmbobo Amho. `mMrM \$b{ZînÎmr åhUOo \w$bo \«w$Q> qS´>H$ `m ZmdmImbr V`ma H$aÊ`mV Ambobo erVnoò hmo`.
Am§~m, S>mqi~, qMM, Om§^wi, Amdim, noé d qb~y `m \$im§Mo VgoM Ë`m§Mo {d{dY {‘lUo H$éZ H$mhr ZdrZ noò {dH${gV
H$aÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV.

$ $
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 173

\w$beoVr
Jwbm~
O‘rZ … 50 Vo 60 go.‘r. ImobrMr, nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar, gm‘y 5.5 Vo 6.0 Agbobr O_rZ {ZdS>mdr.
nyd© ‘emJV … bmb ‘mVr … eoUIV … dmiy (2…1…1) `m à‘mUmV {‘giyZ 90 g|.‘r. ê§$XrMo, 30 Vo 45 g|.‘r. C§MrMo
JmXrdm\o$ 3 Q>¸o$ \°${‘©bS>rhmB©S> `m ÐmdUmZo {ZOªVyH$ H$amdoV.
gwYm[aV dmU … \$ñQ>© aoS>, Zmo~brg, ñH$m` bmB©Z, {~`m§H$m, Q>o‘§Q>oeZ, n°eZ, JmoëS>Z ñQ´>mB©H$, ~moS>m}
bmJdS>rMr doi … Owb¡ - Am°JñQ
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 4020 g|.‘r.
IV ‘mÌm … 5 Vo 10 {H$bmo eoUIV, 30…30…20 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme/Mm¡.‘r. bmJdS>rÀ`m doir Ë`mZ§Va
400…200…200 {‘brJ«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX nmbme à{V PmS> à{V AmR>dS>m Úmdo.
Am§Va ‘emJV … doimodoir dmibobr, amoJQ> nmZo H$mT>mdrV. VgoM JmXrdm\o$ IwanyZ ^wg^werV R>odmdoV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … {R>~H$ qgMZm>Ûmao {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rZwgma nmUr Úmdo.
nrH$ g§ajU … e§oS>o‘a ¶m amoJmÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r N>mQ>boë¶m ^mJmg 10% ~moS>m} noñQ> bmdmdr. N>mQ>UrZ§Va bJoM
H$m~}ÝS>°{P‘ 0.1% ¶m ~waerZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr H$amdr. ^war amoJmÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r S>rZmoH°$n 0.05
Q>¸o$ `m ~waerZmeH$mMr Xa AmR> {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo \$dmaUr H$amdr. BVa ~waerZmeHo$ d {H$S>ZmeHo$
bo~b³bo‘ ZmhrV.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va ghm ‘{hÝ`m§Zr \w$bo H$mT>Urg òD$Z à[V Mm¡.‘r. à{V df} 190 Vo 230 \w$bo {‘iVmV.
Oa~oam
O‘rZ … 50 Vo 60 go§.‘r. ImobrMr, nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar; gm‘y 5.5 Vo 6.5 Agbobr O_rZ {ZdS>mdr.
nyd© ‘emJV … bmb ‘mVr… eoIUV… dmiy (2…1…1) `m à‘mUmV {‘giyZ 75 g|.‘r. é§XrMo, 30 Vo 45 g|.‘r.
C§MrMo JmXr dm\o$ 3 Q>¸o$ \$m°‘}{bS>rhmB©S> `m ÐmdUmZo {ZOªVwH$ H$ê$Z ¿`mdoV.
gwYm[aV dmU … XmZmEbZ, gmëdmS>moa, qnH$ EboJÝg, Jmo{bEW, qdQ>a¹$sZ, g§J«r`m B.
bmJdS>rMr doi … Owb¡-Am°JñQ>
IV ‘mÌm … 5 Vo 10 {H$bmo eoUIV, 20…20…15 J«°. ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme à{V Mm¡.‘r. bmJdS>rÀ`m doir
Úmdo. bmJdS>rZ§Va n{hbo VrZ ‘{hZo 10…15…20 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme / Mm¡.‘r. / ‘{hZm> Úmdo.
Ë`mZ§Va MdÏ`m ‘{hÝ`mnmgyZ 15…10…30 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme/ Mm¡.‘r. / ‘{hZm Úmdo.
Am§Va ‘emJV … doimo doir dmibobr, amoJQ> nmZo H$mT>mdrV VgoM JmXr dm\o$ IwanwZ dm\o$ ^wg^yerV R>odmdoV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rZwgma 700 {‘br nmUr/PmS>/{XZ
nrH$ g§ajU … gXa {nH$mgmR>r {H$S>r d ~waerZmeHo$ bo~b³bo‘ ZmhrV.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr \w$bo H$mT>Urg òD$Z VrZ Vo Mma df} nm°{bhmD$g_Ü¶o H$mT>Ur Mmby amhVo.
200 Vo 250 \w$bo à{V Mm¡. ‘r. à{V df} {‘iVmV.
174Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$mZ}eZ
O‘rZ … 50 Vo 60 g|.‘r. ImobrMr, nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar, gm‘y 5.5 Vo 6.0
nyd© ‘emJV … bmb ‘mVr … eoUIV … dmiy (2…1…1) `m à‘mUmV {‘giyZ 100 g|.‘r. ê§$XrMo, 30 Vo 45
g|.‘r.C§MrMo JmXr dm\o$ 3 Q>¸o$ \$m°‘}bS>rhmB©S> `m ÐmdUmZo {ZOªVwH$ H$amdoV.
gwYm[aV dmU … gZ amB©O, H$mo~«m, nrH$ S>moZm, S>moq‘Jmo, ‘mñQ>a, Jmo{S>Zmo B.
bmJdS>rMr doi … Am°ŠQ>mo~a - Zmoìh|~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 1515 qH$dm 2020 g|.‘r
.IV ‘mÌm … 5 Vo 10 {H$bmo eoUIV; 20…20…10 J«°. ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme à{V Mm¡.‘r. bmJdS>rMo doir
Úmdo. Ë`mZ§Va 200…60…200…125…40 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme, H°$pëe`‘ d ‘°¾o{e`‘ à{V Mm¡.‘r.
à{V df© `m à‘mUmV 15 {Xdgm§Zr {d^mJyZ>Úmdo.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … {R>~H$ qgMZ>Ûmao {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rZwgma 5 Vo 7 {bQ>a nmUr/ Mm¡.‘r./{XZ
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va Mma ‘{hÝ`m§Zr \w$bo H$mT>Urg ¶oVmV. ñQ>±S>S>© àH$mamV 150 Vo 175 \w$bo òD$Z VgoM
ñào àH$mamV 250 \w$bo à{V Mm¡.‘r. à{V df© {‘iVmV.
{Z{eJ§Y
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo hbH$s, nmÊ`mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar
nyd© ‘emJV … AmS>dr-C^r Zm§JaQ> Am{U XmoZ Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m.
bmJdS> … gnmQ> dmâ`mV AWdm gar da§ã`mda
gwYm[aV dmU … \w$bo aOZr, l¥§Jma, àÁdb, gwhm{gZr Am{U d¡^d.
bmJdS>rMr doi … E{àb - ‘o.
IV ‘mÌm … hoŠQ>ar 80-100 JmS>çm eoUIV, 200 {H$bmo ZÌ, 150 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 200 {H$bmo nmbme.
g§nyU© ñ’w$aX d nmbme bmJdS>rÀ¶m doir, ZÌ VrZ g‘mZ hßË`mV {d^mJyZ Úmdo. n{hbm hám
bmJdS>rÀ`m doir Úmdm d Z§Va Xwgam 45 {Xdgm§Zr, {Vgam 90 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdm.
Am§Va‘emJV : df©âmV Mma Vo nmM IwanÊ`m Úmì`mV.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … {R>~H$ qgMZ>Ûmao {nH$mÀ`m dmT>rZwgma 5 Vo 7 {bQ>a nmUr/ Mm¡.‘r./{XZ
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va VrZ Vo Mma ‘{hÝ`m§Zr \w$bXm§S>o H$mT>Ê`mg òVmV. H$mT>Ur AmR> Vo ZD$ ‘{hZo
Mmby amhVo. gmYmaUV… 7 Vo 8 bmI \w$bXm§S>o qH$dm 7 Vo 7.5 Q>Z gwQ>r \w$bo à{V hoŠQ>ar {‘iVmV.
½b°{S>Amobg
O‘rZ … ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, nmÊ`mMm `mo½` {ZMam hmoUmar.
nyd© ‘emJV … AmS>dr C^r Zm§JaQ> d Hw$idUr
gwYm[aV dmU … \w$bo JUoe, \w$bo àoaUm, \w$bo VoOg, \w$bo {ZbaoIm, gw{MÌm, g§gao, `bmoñQ>moZ
bmJdS>rMr doi … Am°ŠQ>mo~a - Zmoìh|~a
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … 45 15 g|.‘r., gar da§~o nÕV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 175

IV ‘mÌm … hoŠQ>ar 120-200 JmS>çm eoUIV, 300 {H$bmo ZÌ, 200 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX Am{U 200 {H$bmo nmbme.
`mn¡H$s eoUIV, ñ\w$aX Am{U nmbme bmJdS>rÀ`m doir, ZÌ {d^mJyZ bmJdS>rZ§Va 2, 4 Am{U
6 nmZo Amë`mZ§Va >Úmdo.
Am§Va‘emJV … doimodoir IwanUr H$ê$Z,XmoZ doim Im§XUr H$ê$Z _mVrMr â Úmdr.
nmUr ì`dñWmnZ … gmV Vo AmR> {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ … bmJdS>rZ§Va 60 Vo 90 {Xdgm§Zr \w$bXm§S>o H$mT>Ê`mg òVmV. Ë`m§Mr nwT>o _{hZmâ H$mT>Ur Mmby
amhVo. hoŠQ>ar 2.0 Vo 2.5 bmI \w$bXm§S>o {_iVmV.
A°ñQ>a
O‘rZ … CÎm‘ {ZMè`mMr, JmimMr ‘Ü`‘ Vo gwnrH$
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘ … Iarn d aã~r
bmJdS … gar da§ã`mda
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo … 400 Vo 500 J«°‘
hoŠQ>ar IV … 50-60 JmS>çm eoUIV
100 … 100 … 100 ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme {H$/ho.
dmU … ’w$bo JUoe ìhm`moboQ>, ’w$bo JUoe qnH$, ’w$bo JUoe ìhmB©Q>, ’w$bo JUoe nn©b
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ … 40 Vo 45 bmI ’w$bo
P|Sy>
O‘rZ … nmÊ¶mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar, hbH$s d ‘Ü¶‘, gm‘y 6 Vo 7
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘ … Iarn, aã~r d CÝhmir
bmJdS … gar da§ã`m
bmJdS>rMo A§Va … nmdgmir h§Jm‘ - C§M OmVr - 6060 g|.‘r. ‘Ü¶‘ C§MrMr - 6045 g|.‘r.
{hdmir h§Jm‘ - C§M OmVr - 6045 g|.‘r. ‘Ü¶‘ C§MrMr - 4530 g|.‘r.
CÝhmir h§Jm‘ - C§M OmVr - 4545 g|.‘r. ‘Ü¶‘ C§MrMr - 4530 g|.‘r.
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo … 500 J«°‘/ ho., g§H$arV OmVrgmR>r 200 J°«‘/ho.
hoŠQ>ar IV … 50-60 JmS>çm eoUIV 100 … 100 … 100 ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme {H$/ho.
dmU … Am{’«$H$Z P|Sy> -H«$m°H$aO°H$, AmbmñH$m, Am{’«$H$Z Q>m°b, Am°aoO Q´>oP§Q>, H$bH$Îmm P|Sy> ¶bmo, H$bH$Îmm
P|Sy> Am°a§oO, ’|«$M P|Sy>- ñào, bo‘Z S´>m°n, ’«|$M S>~b {‘³g. g§H$[aV P|Sy> - {Oßgr, aoS>hoS>, B§H$mAm°aoO,
B§H$m ¶bmo.
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ … 10 Vo 15 Q>Z gwQ>r ’w$bo
nrH$ g§ajU … gXa {nH$mgmR>r {H$S>r d amoJZmeHo$ bo~b³bo‘ ZmhrV.
176Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

e|dVr
O‘rZ … nmÊ¶mMm Mm§Jbm {ZMam hmoUmar, ‘Ü¶‘ 90 g|.‘r.Imob, gm‘y 6 Vo 7.5
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘ … CÝhmir (E{àb - ‘o)
bmJdS … gar da§ãmm
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo … 1 Vo 1.25 bmI N>mQ>o / H$mem
hoŠQ>ar IV … 50 Vo 60JmS>çm eoUIV, 300…200…200 ZÌ… ñ’w$aX…nmbme {H$bmo à{V ho³Q>a
dmU … amOm, {Pàr, gmoZmbr Vmam, ¶bmo JmoëS>, Mm§XUr, nwgm AZ‘mob, nwgm g|Q>oZar, aVbm‘, ~½Jr.
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ … 7 Vo 13 Q>Z gwQ>r ’w$bo
‘moJam dJu¶ ’w$b{nHo$ (‘moJam d OmB©)

O‘rZ … CÎm‘ {ZMè¶mMr, hbH$s Vo ‘Ü¶‘, 60 go.‘r. ImobrMr, gm‘y 6 Vo 7
bmJdS>rMm h§Jm‘ … Iarn
IV ì¶dñWmnZ … eoUIV - 5 Vo 10 {H$bmo, 60:120:120 J°«‘ ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme à{V PmS> ¶m{edm¶ qPH$ ñb’o$Q> 4
J«°‘, ’o$ag gë’o$Q> 25 J«°‘ à{V amon ¶m à‘mUmV XmoZ hßË¶mV IVo {S>g|~a d OyZ ‘{hÝ¶mV {d^mJyZ Úmdr.
ho³Q>ar amono … 6500 Vo 7000
N>mQ>UrMo h§Jm‘ … Zmoìh§o~a - {S>g|~a ‘{hÝ¶mV hbH$s Vo ‘mÜ¶‘ N>mQ>Ur.
nmUr ì¶dñWmnZ … N>mQ>Ur AJmoXa ~mJog 20 Vo 25 {Xdg nmUr ~§X H$amdo. N>mQ>UrZ§Va Amio MmiyZ IVo XodyZ
nmUr Úmdo. {hdmù¶mV 10, CÝhmù¶mV 5 Vo 7 {XdgmZr O{‘ZrÀ¶m ‘JXÿamà‘mUo nmUr Úmdo.
dmU … ‘moJam- ‘XZ ~mU, JwÈz> ‘bmB©, AmH$s© AmamYZm, ~Q> ‘moJam, dgB©, OmB© - M‘obr, OÎmr
H$mT>Ur … bmJdS>rZ§Va 2 dfm©Zo H$mT>Urg gwédmV hmoVo. nyU© dmT>boë¶m H$irMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr.
ho³Q>ar CËnmXZ … ‘moJam - 3 Vo 4 dfm©Zr - 10 Vo 12 Q>Z / ho
OmB© - 2 Vo 3 dfm©Zr - 3 Vo 4 Q>Z /ho
nrH$ g§ajU … gXa gXa {H$S>r d amoJZmeHo$ bo~b³bo‘ ZmhrV.
Cƒ V§ÌkmZ nwîn d ^mOrnmbm CËnmXZ

EH${dgmì`m eVH$m‘Üò dmQ>Mmb H$arV AgVmZm ‘wº$ AW©ì`dñWm d OmJ{VH$sH$aUm‘wio H¥${f joÌmnwT>o ‘moR>o AmìhmZ
Cô Ho$bo Amho. H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr‘wio Aën hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ, nmdgmÀ`m bharnUm‘wio CËnmXZmVrb AñW¡`© d ~mOma^mdmVrb
A{ZpíMVVm `m ~m~r amÁ`mVrb eoVH$è`m§g‘moarb ‘w»` AS>MUr AmhoV. nma§nm[aH$ eoVrH$S>rb joÌ ì`mnma eoVrH$S>o
di{dUo, à{ejUmÛmao Cƒ V§ÌkmZ eoVH$è`m§n`ªV nmohM{dUo, ì`mnmaj‘ \w$beoVrbm MmbZm XoD$Z eoVH$è`m§À`m {Zìdi
CËnÞmV â Q>mH$Uo B. Cnm``moOZmÛmao ‘wº$ AW©ì`dñWm d OmJ{VH$sH$aUmÀ`m AmìhmZm§Zm g‘W©nUo Vm|S> XoUo eŠ` hmoB©b.
^mdrH$mimV eoVH$è`m§Mo OrdZ‘mZ C§MmdÊ`mgmR>r Cƒ d AË`mYw{ZH$ h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZmMr Amdí`H$Vm Agë`mZo Cd©[aV
‘hmamï>´> d¡Ym{ZH$ {dH$mg ‘hm‘§S>imÀ`m ghH$m`m©Zo H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo òWo ‘hÎdmH$m§jr Am{U Cƒ V§ÌkmZmda AmYm[aV
nwîn d ^mOrnmbm CËnmXZ àH$ën H$m`©aV Amho.ImOJr ñdénmMo h[aVJ¥h àH$ën ho àm‘w»`mZo nwUo, Zm{eH$, gm§Jbr, gmVmam
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 177

n[agamV AmhoV. Aem àH$ënm‘Üò ImOJr joÌmVrb H§$nÝ`m§Mm \$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV gh^mJ Amho. Aem àH$ënmMr ‘m{hVr
gm‘mÝ` eoVH$è`m§Zm CnbãY hmoV Zmhr. `m n[apñWVrMm {dMma H$ê$Z gd©gm‘mÝ` eoVH$è`m§Zm gdmªJrU {dH$mg H|$Ðq~Xy ‘mZyZ
gXa àH$ën H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo òWo C^maÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
àH$ënmMr à‘wI CÔrï>o
1) h[aVJ¥hmV V§ÌkmZ {dH$grV H$aUo.
2) Jwbm~, Oa~oam, H$mZ}eZ Am{U a§JrV T>mo~ir {‘aMrgma»`m ^mOrnmbm {nH$m§Mm Aä`mg d g§emoYZ H$aUo.
3) H$mT>UrZ§VaMo V§ÌkmZ {dH${gV H$aUo.
4) h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZmMo eoVH$è`m§Zm d {dÚmÏ`mªZm à{ejU XoUo.
`m àH$ënmMr C^maUr 1.90 hoŠQ>a joÌmda H$aÊ`mV Ambr AgyZ Ë`m‘Üò Jwbm~, Oa~oam, H$mZ}eZ, a§JrV T>mo~ir
{‘aMr hr {nHo$ KoÊ`mV òV AmhoV. h[aVJ¥hmV bmJdS>rgmR>r {ZdS>bobr amono Mm§Jë`m XOm©Mr, CÎm‘ OmVrMr d `mo½` nÕVrZo
nwa{dUmè`m H§$nÝ`m§H$Sy>Z KoUo ‘hÎdmMo AgVo. `m‘Üò H$moUVmhr {ZîH$miOrnUm AWdm AZmdí`H$ H$mQ>H$ga H$aUo åhUOoM
ZwH$gmZrg Am‘§ÌU XoÊ`mgmaIo Amho. darb gd© ~m~tMm Am{U {d{dY ~mOmanoR>oVrb ‘mJUtMm {dMma H$ê$Z {nH$m§À`m
OmVtMr {ZdS> H$aÊ`mV òVo.
àH$ënmMr d¡{eîQ>ço
1) `m àH$ënmV bmJdS>rgmR>r {ZdS>bobr amono, D${V g§dY©Z V§ÌkmZ dmnéZ V`ma Ho$bobr AgyZ Jwbm~ d H$mZ}eZMr amono
AZwH«$‘o hm°b§S> d ñnoZ `m XoemVyZ Am`mV Ho$br AmhoV. Oa~oam d a§JrV T>mo~ir {‘aMrMr amono ^maVmVyZM KoVbr AmhoV.
h[aVJ¥h PmH$Ê`mgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV Ambobr nm°br{\$ë‘, H§$nZr {J{ZJa BómB©b òWyZ Am`mV Ho$bobr Amho. gXaMr
nm°{b{\$ë‘ 200 ‘m`H«$m°Z BVŠ`m OmS>rMr AgyZ gy`©àH$memVrb A{VZrb {H$aUm§Zm à{V~§Y H$aVo.
2) g§JUH$ {Z`§ÌrV qgMZ d AÞÐì` nwadR>m `§ÌUm … {nH$m§gmR>r dmnabobr qgMZ `§ÌUm ñd`§MbrV AgyZ hdm‘mZmÀ`m
~XbmZwgma g§JUH$m§À`m ghmæ`mZo {nH$m§gmR>r bmJUmao nmUr d AÞÐì` {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mgmR>r hm°b§S> òWyZ Am`mV Ho$bobo
ìh°ZpìhboQ> Am{U BòmB©bMo J°bobr H§$nZrMo ‘erZ ~g{dÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
3) Jwbm~ d Oa~oam `m {nH$m§gmR>r ‘mVr{dZm eoVr `m g§H$ënZobm AZwgê$Z ‘mVr EodOr ZmaimMm ^wgm (H$moH$monrQ>)
dmnaÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Ë`m‘wio gwÌH¥$‘tMm àmXw^m©d hmoV Zmhr, \w$bm§Mr g§»`m dmT>Vo, \w$bm§Mr àV gwYmaVo VgoM
nmÊ`mMm {ZMam Mm§Jë`m nÕVrZo H$aVm òVmo. H$mZ}eZ d a§JrV T>mo~ir {‘aMr `m {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> ‘mÌ b°Q>amB©Q>
àH$maÀ`m ‘mVr‘Üò H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. Jwbm~ d Oa~oam `m {nH$m§gmR>r à{V{XZ 7 Vo 8 qgMZ nmù`m {Xë`m OmVmV.
àËòH$ qgMZ nmir 1 Vo 1.5 {‘{ZQ>m§Mr AgVo. {‘aMr d H$mZ}eZgmR>r ‘mÌ {XdgmVyZ EH$XmM {R>~H$ g§MmÀ`m
ghmæ`mZo nmUr {Xbo OmVo. {nH$m§À`m nmÊ`m~amo~a IVo d gwú‘ AÞÐìò hr {Xbr OmVmV. qgMZmgmR>r hoŠQ>ar 1 bmI
{b. nmUr Xa {Xder bmJVo. h[aVJ¥hmVrb {nH$m§gmR>r bmJUmè`m nmÊ`mMm gm‘y 5.6 Vo 6.5 Xaå`mZ Agmdm bmJVmo.
`mgmR>r JaOoZwgma Zm`Q´>rH$ A°grS>Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
4) Jwbm~mgmR>r àW‘ àm`mo{JH$ VÎdmda ‘mVrÀ`m Hw§$S>çm dmnaÊ`mV Amë`m‘wio J«m‘rU ^mJmVrb ‘Oya d H$mam{Jam§Zm
amoOJma CnbãY Pmbm Amho. amonm§Mr dmT> d \w$bm§Mm XOm© `m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ, ‘mVrÀ`m Hw§$S>çm `m ßbmpñQ>H$ qH$dm
{g‘|Q>À`m Hw§$S>çmnojm A{Ve` Cn`moJr Agë`mMo àH$ënmVrb g§emoYZmA§Vr {gÕ Pmbo Amho.
5) {H$S> d amoJ {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r AÚ`mdV Cƒ Xm~mMr \$dmaUr `§ÌUm dmnaÊ`mV òVo. \$dmaUr Xm~ 25 Vo 30 {H$.J«°‘/
Mm¡ag g|.‘r. Agë`mZo nmÊ`mMo YwŠ`mV énm§Va hmoD$Z `mo½` àH$mao \$dmaUr H$aVm òVo.
6) gy`©{H$aUm§Mr Vrd«Vm H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r h[aVJ¥hm‘Üò eoS>tJ ZoQ²>g ~g{dÊ`mV Amë`m AgyZ `m ZoQ>Mm Cn`moJ gH$mir
11.00 Vo Xwnmar 4.00 dm. n`ªV Ho$bm OmVmo. h[aVJ¥hmV AmÐ©Vm {Q>H${dÊ`mgmR>r h[aVJ¥hmVrb añË`mda XwnmaÀ`m doir
nmUr \$dmabo OmVo, VgoM JaOoZwgma gwú‘ \$dmam qgMyZ nÕVrMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo.
178Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

7) `m àH$ënm‘Üò h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZm~amo~a H$mT>UrZ§VaÀ`m V§ÌkmZmda â XoÊ`mV Ambm Amho. \w$bm§Mr gmR>dUyH$, àVdmar
d n°H$s¨J H$aÊ`mgmR>r AmYw{ZH$ nÕVrMo erVJ¥h CnbãY Amho.
8) àH$ënmdaM {bbmd nÕVrZo \w$bm§Mr {dH«$s H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm àH$ënm§VJ©V {ZYm©arV H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
9) `m àH$ënmVrb h[aVJ¥ho Z¡g{J©H$ dm`w {dOZ (Z°Mabr ìhoÝQ>r{bQ>oS>) àH$maMr AmhoV. h[aVJ¥hmÀ`m dmOyZo {H$Q>H$
à{V~§YH$ Omù`m dmnaÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. Oar h[aVJ¥hmVrb CËnmXZ Cƒ àVrMo Agbo Var Vo J«mhH$m§À`m hmVmV
Mm§Jë`m AdñWoV nmohM{dUo JaOoMo AgVo. `m CÔoemZo `m àH$ënm‘Üò nm`m^yV gw{dYm AgUmao ‘Ü`dVu H|$Ð
C^maÊ`mV Ambo Amho.
‘Ü`dVu B‘maVr‘Üò àVdmar, n°H$s¨J d erVJ¥h gw{dYm AmhoV VgoM eoVH$è`m§Zm à{ejU XoÊ`mgmR>r Am{U
’w$bm§À`m d a§JrV T>mo~ir {‘aMrÀ`m {bbmdmgmR>r gw{dYm CnbãY H$aÊ`mV Amë`m AmhoV. gÜ`m A{Vnyd}H$S>rb XoemV
d `wamonr`Z ~mOmanoR>m§‘Üò \w$bm§Mr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ‘mJUr Agë`mZo \w$bm§À`m {Z`m©Vrg Mm§Jbm dmd Amho. àH$ënm‘Üò
\w$bm§À`m {Z`m©Vj‘ OmVtMr bmJdS> H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amho. ^{dî`H$mimV \w$bm§Mr {Z`m©V H$aÊ`mMo C{Ôï> ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f
{dÚmnrR>mZo {ZYm©arV Ho$bo Amho.
h[aVJ¥hmVrb g§emoYZ
h[aVJ¥hmVrb g§emoYZmgmR>r `m àH$ënm‘Üò Mma h[aVJ¥ho C^maÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV. àËòH$ h[aVJ¥hmMo joÌ\$i 560
Mm¡.‘r. Amho. gXaÀ`m h[aVJ¥hm‘Üò Imbrb ~m~tda g§emoYZ Mmby Amho.
(1) Jwbm~m‘Yrb EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> d amoJì`dñWmnZ
(2) Oa~oam d H$mZ}eZgmR>r IVm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
(3) Oa~oam d Jwbm~ {nH$m§Mm ‘mVr d ZmaimÀ`m ^wí`m§‘Yrb dmT>rMm à{VgmX
(4) h[aVJ¥hm‘Üò Jwbm~, Oa~oam, H$mZ}eZ d a§JrV T>mo~ir {‘aMr {edm` BVa H$moUVr {nHo$ \$m`Xoera hmoD$ eH$VmV.
(5) H$‘r IMm©À`m d OmñV IMm©À`m h[aVJ¥hm§‘Üò ¿`md`mÀ`m {nH$m§Mm VwbZmË‘H$ Aä`mg.
H¥${f nXdrYam§gmR>r h[aVJ¥hà{ejU àH$ën
‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo ~oamoOJma H¥${f nXdrYmaH$m§gmR>r nWXeu d ‘hÎdmH$m§jr h[aVJ¥h àH$ën H$m`m©pÝdV Ho$br
Amho. `m‘Üò Xhm h[aVJ¥ho C^maÊ`mV Ambr AmhoV, n¡H$s Oa~oamgmR>r ghm d H$mZ}eZgmR>r Mma Amho. h[aVJ¥hmMo joÌ\$i
560 Mm¡.‘r. AgyZ, EH$m H¥${f nXdrYmaH$mbm EH$ h[aVJ¥h XoÊ`mV òVo. h[aVJ¥ho C^maÊ`mgmR>r ^m§S>dbr IM© ‘hmË‘m \w$bo
H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mV\}$ H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho. Ë`mMà‘mUo ~oamoOJma H¥${f nXdrYmaH$mZo òUmam AmdVu IM© H$amd`mMm AgVmo. `m
`moOZoV àËòH$ H¥${f nX²drYmaH$mg AZw^dm~amo~a Xa‘hm énò 8 Vo 10 hOma {‘iy eH$VmV. ~oamoOJma H¥${f nXdrYmaH$m§Zm
h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZmMo à{ejU {‘imë`m‘wio Vmo ñdV…À`m nm`mda C^m amhÿ eHo$b Agm `m àH$ënmMm CÔoe Amho.
eoVH$è`m§gmR>r à{ejU
`m àH$ënmV\}$ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r {Z`{‘V d AmR>dS>çmMo à{ejU Am`mo{OV H$aÊ`mV òVo d EH$mdoir 30 eoVH$è`m§Zm
à{ejU {Xbo OmVo. h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZmg§~§Yr åhUOoM {nH$m§Mr ‘emJV, IVo d nmUr, nrH$ g§ajU H$mT>UrZ§Va ¿`md`mMr
H$miOr d ~mOmanoR>og§~§Yr ‘m{hVrMo à{ejU XoÊ`mV òVo. A{Zdmgr à{ejU ewëH$ àËòH$s ê$.2000/- BVHo$ Amho.
H¥${f nX{dH$mYmaH$m§gmR>r à{ejU
H¥${f nX{dH$mYmaH$m§gmR>r ghm ‘{hZo H$mbmdYrMm à{ejU dJ© Am`mo{OV Ho$bm OmVmo. àËòH$ à{ejUmWubm énò
1800/- à{V ‘{hZm {dÚmdoVZ XoÊ`mV òVo. à{ejU H$mbmdYr‘Üò h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZmg§~§Yr åhUOoM {nH$m§Mr ‘emJV, IVo
d nmUr ì`dñWmnZ, nrH$ g§ajU, H$mT>UrÎmmoa V§ÌkmZ d ~mOmanoR>og§~§Yr à{ejU XoÊ`mV òVo.
g§nH©$ … XÿaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ 020-2026 4060
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 179

g|{Ð` eoVr
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¦ããè Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããèÞã Öãñ¦ããè. ÖãäÀ¦ã ‰ãŠãâ¦ããè¹ããÔãî¶ã ÀãÔãã¾ããä¶ã‡ãŠ Œã¦ãñ, ÀãñØã Ìã ãä‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ¶ããÍã‡ãñŠ, ¦ã¥ã¶ããÍã‡ãñŠ, g§{OdHo$ ¾ããâÞãã ¼ãÀ½ãÔããŸ Ìãã¹ãÀ
¢ããÊãã. O¶ããÌãÀãâÞ¾ãã ªì£ããÔããŸãè Ôãâ¹ãÆñÀ‡ãŠñ Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ããÔã ÔãìÀŠÌãã¦ã ¢ããËãè. ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã Ìãã¹ãÀã½ãìßñ ªñÍããÞ¾ãã †‡ãîŠ¥ã „¦¹ããª¶ãã¦ã ¼ãÀãèÌã Ìãã¤ ¢ããÊããè.
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‚ããäË‡ãŠ¡Þ¾ãã ‡ãŠãßã¦ã Oãä½ã¶ããèÞ¾ãã ‚ããÀãñØ¾ããÌãÀ ¹ãÀãè¥ãã½ã Öãñ…¶ã „¦¹ããªãè¦ã ½ããÊããÞ¾ãã ¹Çã¦ããèÌãÀÖãè ¹ããäÀ¥ãã½ã ¢ããÊãã. ½ãã¶ãÌããÌãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÍãì¹ãàããè
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‚ããÌãÍ¾ã‡ãŠ¦ãñ¹ãñàãã OãÔ¦ã Œã¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãã¥¾ããÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãã. ¾ãã ¹ã£ª¦ããè¶ãñ „¦¹ããª¶ã ŒãÞããÃ¦ã Ìãã¤ ¦ãÀ ¢ããÊããèÞã ¹ã¥ã ¦¾ããÞãºãÀãñºãÀ
Oãä½ã¶ããèÞããè ÀãÔãã¾ããä¶ã‡ãŠ, ¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠ Øãì¥ãÌã§ãã ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ã ØãñÊããè. „Ó¥ã ÖÌãã½ãã¶ãã½ãìßñ ½ãÖãÀãÓ›ÈãÞ¾ãã Oããä½ã¶ããè¦ã Ôãòãä³¾ã ‡ãŠºããÃÞãã
ÅÖãÔã ¢ã¹ãã›¿ãã¶ãñ Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ããÞãñ Oããä½ã¶ããè¦ããèÊã ¹Çã½ãã¥ã 0.2-0.5% ƒ¦ã‡ãñŠ ãäªÔãî¶ã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¾ãã ÔãÌãÃ ¹ÇãÏ¶ããâÌãÀ Oããä½ã¶ããè¦ããèÊã Ôãòãä³¾ã ‡ãŠºããÃÞãã
¹ãìÀÌãŸã Ôãâ¦ãìãäÊã¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ÖãÞã ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ã ãäÍãÊÊã‡ãŠ ÀãÖ¦ããñ. Ôãã¦ã¦¾ãã¶ãñ ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ „¦¹ããª¶ã ªñ¥ããÀãè ŸÀããäÌã‡ãŠ ãä¹ã‡ãñŠÞã ÌãÓããÃ¶ãìÌãÓãó ¦¾ããÞã Oãä½ã¶ããè¦ã
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ºãìÀÍããè¶ããÍã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ãä‡ãŠ›‡ãŠ¶ããÍã‡ãŠãâÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ Ìãã¤Êãã. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ÀãñØããâ¦ãî ‚ãããä¥ã ãä‡ãŠ¡ãé½ã£¾ãñ ¹Çããä¦ã‡ãŠãÀÍã§ãŠãè Ìãã¤¦ã ØãñÊããè. ¶ããäÌã¶ã ‚ããõÓã£ããâ¶ããèÖãè
ãä‡ãŠ¡ ‚ãã›ãñ‡ã‹¾ãã¦ã ‚ãã¥ã¥ãñ ‚ãÌãÜã¡ Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. ¾ããÌãÀ „¹ãã¾ã ½Ö¥ããñ Ôãòãä³¾ã ¹ããè‡ãŠ ¹ããñÓã¥ããºãÀãñºãÀ Ôãòãä³¾ã ¹ããè‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ‰ãŠ½ã¹Çãã¹¦ã ŸÀ¦ã
‚ããÖñ. ¾ãã ¹ããÍÌãÃ¼ãî½ããèÌãÀ Ôãì£ããÀãè¦ã Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããèÞããè Ôãâ‡ãŠÊ¹ã¶ãã ¹ãì¤ñ ‚ããËãè. ÔãñâãäªÆ¾ã Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã®¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ÔãÌãÃ ¹Çã‡ãŠãÀÞããè ÀãÔãã¾ããä¶ã‡ãŠ Œã¦ãñ ‚ãããä¥ã
‚ããõÓã£ããâÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ¹ãî¥ãÃ¹ã¥ãñ ºãâª ‡ãŠÁ¶ã Ôãòãä³¾ã ¹ãªã©ããÄÞããÞã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãñŠÊãã Oã¦ããñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããèÊãã ¹Çããñ¦ÔããÖ¶ã ªñ¥ãñ ØãÀOñÞãñ ‚ããÖñ.
‚ã¸ã³Ì¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã :
Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããèÔããŸãè Íãñ¥ãŒã¦ã, ‡ãâŠ¹ããñÔ› Œã¦ã, ‡ãŠãòºã¡ãè Œã¦ã, Êãò¡ãè Œã¦ã, ãäÖÀÌãßãèÞãñ Œã¦ã, Øããâ¡îß Œã¦ã ¾ãã ¼ãÀŒã¦ããâÞãã ‚ãããä¥ã
‚ãŒãã²ã ¹ãò¡ãèÞãã OãñÀŒã¦ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ããñ. Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããè¦ã „¹ã¾ãì§ãŠ OãèÌãã¥ãîÞãñ ¹Çã½ãã¥ã Ìãã¤ãäÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè Àã¾ã¢ããñãäºã¾ã½ã,
‚ãù¢ããñ›ãñºãù‡ã‹›À, ‚ã¢ããñãäÔ¹ããäÀÊã½ã, ‚ãùãäÔã›ãñºãù‡ã‹›À, ¹ããè†Ôãºããè ¾ãã OãèÌãã¥ãî Œã¦ããâÞãã ãä¹ã‡ãŠã¶ãìÔããÀ ¹ãîÀ‡ãŠ Œã¦ãñ ½Ö¥ãî¶ã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãñ „¦¹ããª¶ãã¦ã
8 ¦ãñ 10 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ Ìãã¤ Öãñ¦ãñ. ¦¾ããÞãºãÀãñºãÀ Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããè¦ã ¾ããñØ¾ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠ ¹ã®¦ããèÞãã ‚ãÌãÊãâºã ‡ãŠñÊ¾ãã¶ãñ Oã½ããè¶ããèÞãã ¹ããñ¦ã Ôãì£ããÀŠ¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ãŠã¾ãªã
Öãñ¦ããñ. Ôãòãä³¾ã Íãñ¦ããè¦ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÞ¾ãã ØãÀãñ¶ãìÔããÀ ‚ã¸ã³Ì¾ã Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ÊããØã¦ãñ. ¦¾ããÞãºãÀãñºãÀ ºãã¾ããñ¡ã¾ã¶ãùãä½ã‡ãŠ, OãèÌãã½ãð¦ã, ºããèOã½ãð¦ã,
¹ãâÞãØãÌ¾ã ƒ¦¾ããªãéÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ Ôãòãä³¾ã Îãñ¦ããè¦ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ Íã‡ã‹¾ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. ¾ãããäÍãÌãã¾ã O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠ ¹ããè‡ãŠ ÔãâÀàã¥ã ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔããèÞãã Ìãã¹ãÀ ÀãñØã ‚ãããä¥ã
ãä‡ãŠ¡ãéÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠÀãÌãã ËãØã¦ããñ.
ºããèOã½ãð¦ã (ºããèO¹Çããä‰ãŠ¾ãã) :
ãäºã¾ãã¥ãñ ºããèO¹Çããä‰ãŠ¾ããÔããŸãè ºããèOã½ãð¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ºããèOã½ãð¦ã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ØããƒÃÞãñ Íãñ¥ã 1 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ, Øããñ½ãî¨ã 1 ãäÊã›À, ªî£ã
100 ãä½ãÊããè, Þãì¶ãã 50 ØãÆù½ã, ¹ããñ¾ã›ã ½ãã¦ããè 50 ØãÆù½ã Ìã ›Èã¾ã‡ãŠãñ¡½ããÃ ÌÖñÀãè¡ãè 100 ØãÆù½ã Öñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã Àã¨ã¼ãÀ {ÔÌãî¶ã ªìÔãÅ¾ãã ãäªÌãÍããè
ºããèO¹Çããä‰ãŠ¾ãñÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
OããèÌãã½ãð¦ã :
Øãã¾ã ‚ã©ãÌãã ºãõÊããÞãñ Íãñ¥ã 10 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ, 10 ãäÊã›À Øããñ½ãî¨ã, 2 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ Øãîß, ºãñÔã¶ã¹ããèŸ 2 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ, 1 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ Ìã¶ãã¦ããèÊã ½ãã¦ããè Öñ
ãä½ãÑã¥ã ¹ÊããÔ›ãè‡ãŠÞ¾ãã ¡È½ã½ã£¾ãñ 200 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ã 5-7 ãäªÌãÔã ‚ããâºãÌãî¶ã ªÀÀãñO 3 Ìãñßã ãä½ãÑã¥ã ¤Ìãßî¶ã Üãñ¥ãñ. ÔãªÀÞãñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã 1 †‡ãŠÀ
àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè ¹ãã¥¾ããÌãã›ñ ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÔã ªñ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
‚ã½ãð¦ã¹ãã¥ããè :
ØããƒÃÞãñ Íãñ¥ã 10 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ, ØããƒÃÞãñ ¦ãî¹ã 250 ØãÆù½ã ‚ãããä¥ã Øãîß 500 ØãÆù½ã Öñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã 200 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ã ãä½ãÔãßî¶ã ¦ã¾ããÀ
‡ãñŠÊãñÊãñ ‚ã½ãð¦ã¹ãã¥ããè 30 ãäªÌãÔããâÞ¾ãã ‚ãâ¦ãÀã¶ãñ 1 †‡ãŠÀ àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè ¹ãã¥¾ãã´ãÀñ ²ããÌãñ. ¦¾ãã¶ãâ¦ãÀ 1 ½ããäÖ¶¾ãã¶ãñ ¢ãã¡ãâÞ¾ãã 2 ‚ããñßãé½ã£¾ãñ
¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ªñ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
ªÍã¹ã¥ããê:
½ãÀ ÀãñØã, ½ãîß‡ãìŠ•ãÌ¾ãã, ¼ãìÀãè, ‡ãñŠÌã¡ã, ‡ãŠÀ¹ãã, ¦ãñÊ¾ãã ¾ãã ÀãñØããâÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè 10 Ìã¶ãÔ¹ã¦ããéÞãã 20-25 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ¹ããÊãã,
180Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ãäÖÀÌ¾ãã ãä½ãÀÞããèÞãã ŸñÞãã , 250 ØãÆù½ã ÊãÔãî¥ã, 3 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ Íãñ¥ã, 5 ãäÊã. Øããñ½ãî¨ã Öñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã 200 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ã ãä½ãÔãßî¶ã ªÀÀmoO 3
Ìãñßã ãä½ãÑã¥ã ¤Ìãßî¶ã 1 ½ããäÖ¶ãã ‚ããâºãÌãî¶ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÌãÀ ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥ããèÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¦ãã¦ã. ‚ãÍãã ¹Çã‡ãŠãÀñ 200 ãäÊã. ‚ã‡ãŠãÃ½ã£ãî¶ã ØããßÊãñÊãã 5 ãäÊã.
ªÍã¹ã¥ããê ‚ã‡ãÃŠ + 5 ãäÊã. Øããñ½ãî¨ã 200 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ã ãä½ãÔãßî¶ã ÀãñØã Ìã ãä‡ãŠãä¡âÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
ÔãâOãèÌã‡ãŠ
ØããƒÃÞãñ Íãñ¥ã 100 ØãÆù½ã, Øããñ½ãî¨ã 100 ãäÊã., 500 ØãÆù½ã Øãîß, 300 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥ããè ¾ããÞãñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã ¹ÊãããäÔ›‡ãŠ ¡È½ã½ã£¾ãñ ›ã‡ãîŠ¶ã
10 ãäªÌãÔã ‚ããâºãÌãî¶ã ²ããÌãñ. ¶ãâ¦ãÀ ¦¾ããÞ¾ãã 20 ¹ã› ¹ãã¥ããè Üãñ…¶ã 1 †‡ãŠÀ àãñ¨ããÌãÀ ¹ãã¥¾ããÌãã›ñ ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÔã ªñ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
¹ãâÞãØãÌ¾ã
Íãñ¥ã 5 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ, ¶ããÀßãÞãñ ¹ãã¥ããè/Øããñ½ãî¨ã 3 ãäÊã., ØããƒÃÞãñ ªî£ã 2 ãäÊã., ¦ãî¹ã 1 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ Öñ ãä½ãÑã¥ã 7 ãäªÌãÔã ‚ããâºãÌãî¶ã ãäªÌãÔãã¦ãî¶ã 2
Ìãñßã ÖÊãÌããÌãñ. ¦ã¾ããÀ ¢ããÊãñÊãñ ¹ãâÞãØãÌ¾ã 10 ãäÊã. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ã ãä½ãÔãßî¶ã Oãä½ã¶ããèÌãÀ ¹ãã¥¾ããÌãã›ñ ¹ãŠÌããÀãÌãñ. †‡ãŠÀãÔããŸãè 20 ãäÊã. ¹ãâÞãØãÌ¾ã
Ìãã¹ãÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
Ôãòãä³¾ã Ößª ÊããØãÌã¡

Ôãòãä³¾ã ¹ã®¦ããè¶ãñ Ößª ÊããØãÌã¡ãè¹ããÔãî¶ã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ãŠã¾ãªã ãä½ãßÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã Oãä½ã¶ããèÞãñ ‚ããÀãñØ¾ã ãä›‡ãŠÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè
ÊããØãÌã¡ãèÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè 11 ›¶ã Øããâ¡îßŒã¦ã ¹Çããä¦ã Öñ‡ã‹›Àãè ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ãäÍã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããÊãñÊããè ‚ããÖñ. ÊããØãÌã¡ãèÞ¾ãã Ìãñßãè
Øããâ¡îßŒã¦ããºãÀãñºãÀ Ô¹ãìŠÀª ãäÌãÀÜãß¥ããÀñ OãèÌãã¥ãî ‚ã¢ããñãäÔ¹ããäÀÊã½ã ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãìŠÊãñ ›Èã¾ã‡ãŠãñ¡½ããÃ ¹ËÔã ¹Çã¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè 5 ãä‡ãŠÊããñ ¹Çããä¦ã Öñ‡ã‹›Àãè ¾ãã
¹Çã½ãã¥ãã¦ã ãä½ãÔãßî¶ã ²ããÌãñ. Ößªãè½ã£ããèÊã ‡ãâŠª ‡ãìŠO ÀãñØããÞ¾ãã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè ÖßªãèÞãñ ‡ãâŠª ¹ãìŠÊãñ ›Èã¾ã‡ãŠãñ¡½ããÃ ¹ËÔã ½ã£¾ãñ (5 ØãÆù½ã ¹Çããä¦ã
ãäÊã›À) 5 ãä½ããä¶ã›ñ ºãì¡Ìãî¶ã ÊããÌããÌãñ¦ã.
Ôãòãä³¾ã Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãâªã ÊããØãÌã¡

Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã (ŒãÀãè¹ã) - ‡ãŠãâªã (Àººããè) ¾ãã ãä¹ã‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ÔãñâãäªÆ¾ã Îãñ¦ããèÔããŸãè ¶ã¨ã Ìã Ô¹ãŠìÀª¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã OrÌãã¥ãî Œã¦ããÞããè ãäºãO¹ãÆãä‡ãŠÆ¾ãã
‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÔã Öñ‡ã‹›Àãè 50 ãä‡ãŠËãñ ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠãâªã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÔã 100 ãä‡ãŠËãñ ¶ã¨ããÞããè ½ãã¨ãã ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè 1/3 ¶ã¨ã ‚ã¶¸ãªÆÌ¾ã ‚ãã£ããÀãè¦ã
¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãã¶ãìÔããÀ Îãñ¥ãŒã¦ã, Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã ãä¶ãâºããñßãè ¹ãñâ¡ ¾ãã ÔãñâãäªÆ¾ã Œã¦ããÌªãÀñ ªñ¥¾ããÞããè ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠÀ¥¾ãã¦ã ‚ããËãè ‚ããÖñ.
¦ãâ¨ã—ãã¶ã
1. ÔãñâãäªÆ¾ã Œã¦ããâÞããè ½ãã¨ãã
ÔãñâãäªÆ¾ã Œã¦ããâÞããè ½ãã¨ãã [ãä‡ãŠ./ Öñ.] Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ‡ãŠãâªã
Îãñ¥ãŒã¦ã 2500 5000
Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã 1000 2000
ãä¶ãâºããñßãè ¹ãñâ¡ 400 800
Àã¾ã¢ããñãäºã¾ã½ã 250ØãùÆ½ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10ãä‡ãŠËãñ ãäºã¾ãã¥ãñ --
Ô¹ãŠìÀª ãäÌãÀÜãß¥ããÀñ OäãÌãã¥ãì 250ØãùÆ½ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10ãä‡ãŠËãñ ãäºã¾ãã¥ãñ 4 ãä‡ãŠËãñ 25 ãä‡ãŠËãñ Îãñ¥ãŒã¦ããÔããñºã¦ã
‚ãù¢ãñ›ãñºãù‡ã‹›À -- 4 ãä‡ãŠËãñ 25 ãä‡ãŠËãñ Îãñ¥ãŒã¦ããÔããñºã¦ã
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 181

2.Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ‚ãã¥ããè ‡ãŠãâªã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãÌãÀãèË ãä‡ãŠ¡/ ÀãñØã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè ŒããËãèË O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠñ Ìãã¹ãÀãÌããè¦ã
{nHo$ O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌU

Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ¹ãã¶ãñ Œãã¥ããÀãè 1. ¹ãñÀ¥ããè¶ãâ¦ãÀ 45-50 ãäªÌãÔããâ¶ããè 10 ãä½ã.Ëãè. †Ôã.†Ë.†¶ã.¹ããè.ÌÖãè. ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10 ãäË›À
‚ãßãè ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãì¶ã ¹ããäÖËãè ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè.
2. ¹ãñÀ¥ããè¶ãâ¦ãÀ 70-75 ãäªÌãÔããâ¶ããè 40 ØãÆù½ã ¶¾ãì½ããñãäÀ¾ãã ãäÀËñ¾ããè O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠ ºãìÀÎããè ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10

ãäË›À. ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãì¶ã ªìÔãÀãè ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè.
¦ããâºãñÀã Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ãÞ¾ãã ¹ãñÀ¥ããèÔããŸãè ¹ãŠìËñ ‚ãØãÆ¥ããè ¾ãã ¦ããâºãñÀã ¹ãÆãä¦ãºãâ£ã‡ãŠ Ôãì£ããÀãè¦ã Ìãã¥ããÞãã
ŒãÀãè¹ã ÖâØãã½ãã¦ã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌãã.
‡ãŠãâªã 1. ËãØãÌã¡ãè¶ãâ¦ãÀ 30-35 ãäªÌãÔããâ¶ããè ÌÖ›ãèÃãäÔãËãè¾ã½ã Ëñ‡ãŠù¶ããè 40 ØãÆù½ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10ãäË›À

¹ãŠìËãä‡ãŠ¡ñ ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãì¶ã ¹ããäÖËãè ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè.
2. ËãØãÌã¡ãè¶ãâ¦ãÀ 55-60 ãäªÌãÔããâ¶ããè ½ãñ›ùãäÀãä¢ã¾ã½ã ‚ãùãä¶ãÔããñ¹ãËãè 40 ØãÆù½ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10

ãäË›À ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãì¶ã ªìÔãÀãè ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥ããè ‡ãŠÀãÌããè.
‹
Oãâ¼ãßã ‡ãŠÀ¹ãã ËãØãÌã¡ãè¶ãâ¦ãÀ Oãâ¼ãßã ‡ãŠÀ¹ãã ãäªÔãì¶ã ¾ãñ¦ããÞã ãä¶ã¾ãâ¨ã¥ããÔããŸãè Ôãì¡ãñ½ããñ¶ãÔã ¹ãŠË¾ãìÀãñÔã¶Ôã 50
ØãÆù½ã ¹ãÆãä¦ã 10 ãäË›À ¹ãã¥¾ãã¦ãî¶ã 15 ãäªÌãÔããâÞ¾ãã ‚âã¦ãÀã¶ãñ ªãñ¶ã ¹ãŠÌããÀ¥¾ãã ‡ãŠÀãÌ¾ãã¦ã
182Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ½ããù¡ñË
‚ãÊ¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¦¾ãÊ¹ã ¼ãî£ããÀ‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâ¶ãã Îãñ¦ããè¹ããÔãì¶ã ãä½ãß¥ãã-¾ãã „¦¹ããª¶ããÌãÀ ‡ãŠì›ìâºããÞãã ÞããäÀ¦ãã©ãÃ ÞããËãäÌã¥ãñ ‡ãŠŸãè¥ã Öãñ¦ã
ÞããËËñ ‚ããÖñ. ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠ ãä¹ã¤ãèËã O½ããè¶ã ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ¦ã ÞããËËãè ‚ããÖñ. ¦¾ãã½ãìßñ ¾ããâãä¨ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè, ›Èù‡ã‹›À, Ôãì£ããÀãè¦ã ‚ããõããÀñ ‡ãŠ½ããè àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ¥ãñ
¦¾ããËã Îã‡ã‹¾ã Öãñ¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ÌãÓããÃ¶ãìÌãÓãñÃ ¹ãÆÞããäË¦ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ Üãñ¥ãñ ¹ãÀÌã¡¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ¹ãÀâ¹ãÀñ¶ãìÔããÀ „¦¹ã¸ããÔããŸãè ¶ãìÔã¦¾ããÞã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÌãÀ ‚ãÌãËâºãì¶ã ÀãÖãèÊ¾ãã¶ãñ
Îãñ¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ OãñŒã½ããèÞãñ ŸÀ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. Îãñ¦ããè¦ããèË £ããñ‡ãŠñ ‚ããñßŒãì¶ã Îãñ¦ããèËã ¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ Üã›‡ãŠãâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠñËã ¹ãããäÖãOo. ØãÀãèºã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ
ªðÓ›¾ãã ‡ãŠ½ã‡ãŠìÌã¦ã Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâ¶ãã Îãñ¦ããèËã ËãØã¥ãã-¾ãã ãä¶ããäÌãÓŸã Üãñ¥ãñ ½ãìãäÎ‡ãŠË Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. †‡ãŠ Öñ‡ã‹›À¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè àãñ¨ã ‚ãÔãËñËã Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠÀãè
¶ãìÔã¦ãã Îãñ¦ããèÌãÀ ‚ãÌãËâºãì¶ã ÀãÖ¥¾ããÞãã £ããñ‡ãŠã ¹ã¦‡ãŠÀŠ Îã‡ãŠ¦ã ¶ããÖãè. ¦¾ããâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠì›ìâºãã¦ããèË 4 ¦ãñ 5 ÔãªÔ¾ããâÞããè ‚ã¸ãÔãìÀàãã ¦¾ããâ¶ãã ÌãÓãÃ¼ãÀ
Œãã¨ããèÎããèÀ „¦¹ã¸ã ãä½ãß¥¾ããÞããè ÎããÎÌã¦ããè, ‡ãŠì›ìâºããËã Ôã‡ãŠÔã ‚ãããä¥ã Ôãâ¦ãìãäË¦ã ‚ããÖãÀãÞããè Ö½ããè, ‡ãŠì›ìâºããÞãñ OãèÌã¶ã½ãã¶ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠÔ¦ãÀ
„âÞããÌã¥¾ããÔããŸãè „¹ãËº£ã Ôãã£ã¶ãÔãã½ãìØãÆãèÞãã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠñËã ¹ããÖãèOo.†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè Öãè ¦¾ããÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ŸÀ¦ã ‚ããÖñ.
¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ÔãÌãÃÜã›‡ãŠ †‡ãŠ½ãñ‡ãŠãËã ¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔããÌãñ¦ã. †‡ãŠã Üã›‡ãŠãÞãñ „¦¹ã¶¶ã ‚ã©ãÌãã ‚ãÌãÎãñÓã ªìÔã-¾ãã Üã›‡ãŠãÞãñ ãä¶ããäÌãÓŸñÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ŸÀ¦ãñ.
ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÞãñ ‚ãÌãÎãñÓã ¹ãì¶Öã Ìãã¹ãÀ¥ãñ Îã‡ã‹¾ã ŸÀ¦ã ‚ããÖñ. †‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè¶ãñ O½ããè¶ããèÞããè Ôãìãä¹ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ãä¶ãÍÞããè¦ã Ìãã¤Ëãè Oã¦ãñ. ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ
¼ããõ¦ããè‡ãŠ, ÀãÔãã¾ããä¶ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠ Øãì¥ã£ã½ããÃ½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãŠã¾ãªã ¢ããË¾ããÞãñ ãäªÔãì¶ã ‚ããËñ ‚ããÖñ. Öãè †‡ãŠ ÔããŒãßãè ¹ã£ª¦ããèÞããè Îãñ¦ããè ‚ããÖñ.
ØãÀãèºããè¦ãì¶ã ÌãÀ ¾ãñ¥¾ããÞãã Öã ‡ãŠã¾ãÃÌãÆŠ½ã ‚ããÖñ.
†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ Îãñ¦ããèÞãã ‡ãŠð¦ããè ‚ããÀãŒã¡ã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌãã ËãØã¦ããñ. †‡ãŠ Öñ‡ã‹›À ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã
¦¾ãã¹ãñàãã ‚ããä£ã‡ãŠ àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè ãä¶ã¾ããñã¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¹ãŠã¾ãªñÎããèÀ ¹ããè‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè ºãÀãñºãÀ Îãñ¦ããè¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããèÞããè ¾ããñØ¾ã ÔããâØã¡ ÜããË¥¾ããÌãÀ
¼ãÀ ãäªËã Oã¦ããñ. ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ªìØ£ãÌ¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã, ¹ãŠßºããØã, ØãÆãè¶ãÖã„ŠÔã, ¼ãããOr¹ããËã, Îãñßãè¹ããË¶ã, ‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ã, ½ã¦Ô¾ãÎãñ¦ããè, Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã
¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã Ìã Îãñ¦ã½ããË ¹ãÆãäÌãÆŠ¾ãã ¾ããÔããÀŒ¾ãã Îãñ¦ããè¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ Oãñ¡£ãâª¾ããÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠñËã ¹ãããäÖOo. Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠÀãè Îãñ¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ã ‚ãÔãËñË¾ãã ¼ããØãã¦ããèË
ÖÌãã½ãã¶ã, O½ããè¶ã, ¹ãã¥¾ããÞããè „¹ãËº£ã¦ãã, Îãñ¦ã½ããË ãäÌããäÌãÆŠÔããŸãè OÌãßÞããè ºããããÀ¹ãñŸ, Îãñ¦ã½ããËãËã ‚ãÔãËñËãè ½ããØã¥ããè „¹ãËº£ã Ôãã£ã¶ããâÞãã
‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã Ìãã¹ãÀ ¾ããâÞãã ‚ã¼¾ããÔã ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ½ããù¡ñË ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ. Îãñ¦ããèÞãã Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã ãä‡ãŠ¹ãŠã¾ã¦ãÎããèÀ Öãñ„Š¶ã Àãñ•ãØããÀ ¾ãã
½ããù¡ñË½ã£ãì¶ãÞã „¹ãËº£ã Öãñ„Š Îã‡ãŠ¦ããñ. ØãÀãèºã Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâÞãã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ô¦ãÀ ‚ãããä¥ã OãèÌã¶ã½ãã¶ã „âÞããÌã¥¾ããÞãã Öã †‡ãŠ ¹ãÆ¾ã¦¶ã ‚ããÖñ.
Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè½ã£¾ãñ ½ããù¡ñË½ã£¾ãñ àãñ¨ããÞãñ ãä¶ã¾ããñO¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ããâ¶ãã 40›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã £ãã¶¾ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè, ¹ãÆ¦¾ãñ‡ãŠãè 10›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã
‡ãŠ¡£ãã¶¾ã ‚ãããä¥ã Øãßãè¦ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè, 15 ¦ãñ 20 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã ¹ãŠßºããØããÔããŸãè, 10 ¦ãñ 12 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã ÞããÀã ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè, 3 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã
¹ãÎãì¹ããË¶ã/Îãñßãè¹ããË¶ã/‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ããÔããŸãè, 4 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ àãñ¨ã Îãñ¡¶ãñ› Îãñ¦ããèÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã ÀããäÖËñËñ àãñ¨ã Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã Îãñ¦ã½ããË
¹ãÆãäÌãÆŠ¾ãã ‚ãÎãã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠãÀñ ¹ãÆãÀŠ¹ã (½ããù¡ñË) ‚ãÔããÌãñ. ¾ãã ½ã£ãì¶ã ºããØãã¾ã¦ããèÔããŸãè ‚ãããä¥ã OrÀã¾ã¦ããèÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ½ããù¡ñË ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀãÌãñ ËãØã¦ãñ.
ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡
¼ããÀ¦ããè¾ã ½ãñãä¡‡ãŠË ‡ãŠãõ¶ÔããèË¶ãñ ŸÀÌãì¶ã ãäªËñÊ¾ãã ½ãã¶ããâ‡ãŠ¶ãã¶ãìÔããÀ ‡ãŠì›ìâºããÞããè ‚ã¶¶ã£ãã¶¾ã, ‡ãŠ¡£ãã¶¾ã, ¦ãñË, ¼ããããè¹ããËã, ¹ãŠßñ,
ªì£ã ¾ãã Ôãâ¦ãìãäË¦ã ‚ããÖãÀãÞããè ØãÀ•ã ¾ãã¦ãî¶ã ¹ãì¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ‚ããËãè ¹ãããäÖOo. Öãè ØãÀ•ã ¹ãì¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀŠ¶ã Îãñ¦ãÔããŒãßãè ½ããù¡ñË ½ã£¾ãñ Öãè ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ ÔãÌãÃ Üã›‡ãŠãâ¶ãã
¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ ‚ãÔããÌããè¦ã. Oãªã „¦¹ããª¶ã ºãã•ããÀ¹ãñŸñ¦ã ãäÌã‡ãŠ¦ãã ¾ãñ„Š Îã‡ãŠ¦ãñ. ¦¾ããÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠ¹ã£ª¦ããèÞããè ãä¶ãÌã¡ ‡ãŠÀãÌããè. ¦¾ããÞã¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ¾ãã
ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâ¹ããÔãì¶ã ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ ¹ãŠã¾ãªãÖãè OãÔ¦ã ‚ãÔããÌãã. „¦¹ããª¶ã ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠ½ããè ‚ãÔããÌãã ¦ãÔãñÞã ºããOãÀ¹ãñŸãÞãã ½ããØã¥ããè ¹ãì¥ãÃ ‡ãŠÀ¥ããÀãè ãä¹ã‡ãŠ ¾ãã ¹ã£ª¦ããè¦ã
‚ãÔããÌãã. ¦¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ O½ããè¶ããèÞããè Ôãìãä¹ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ãä›‡ãŠãäÌã¥ããÀãè, ¹ãŠñÀ¹ããË›ãèÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ ‚ãÔããÌããè¦ã. ŒããñË½ãìßñ ‚ãããä¥ã „©ãß½ãìßãâÞããè ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ
¾ãã ¹ãŠñÀ¹ããË›ãè¦ã ‚ãÔããÌããè. ãä¹ã‡ãŠ ÞãÌãÆŠã¦ã ‡ãŠ¡£ãã¶¾ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ããÔã O½ããè¶ããèÞããè Ôãìãä¹ã‡ãŠ¦ãã ‡ãŠã¾ã½ã ŸñÌã¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. ¾ãã ãä¹ã‡ãŠ ÞãÌãÆŠã¶ãñ O½ããè¶ããèâÞããè
¼ããõãä¦ã‡ãŠ ‚ãããä¥ã O¡ãäÌã‡ãŠ ‡ãŠã¾ãÃàã½ã¦ãã Ìãã¤¦ãñ. ÀãñOØããÀ ãä¶ããä½ãÃ¦ããèÔããŸãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ¹ããè‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããè ‚ãÔããÌããè. ‚ããË›ì¶ã ¹ããË›ì¶ã ãä¹ã‡ãŠñ Üãñ¦ãÊ¾ãã¶ãñ ÀãñØã
‚ãããä¥ã ãä‡ãŠ¡ãèâÞããè ÔããŒãßãè ¦ããñ¡¥ãñ Îã‡ã‹¾ã Öãñ¦ã ‚ããÖñ.
†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè¦ããèË ½ãÖ¦ÌããÞãñ ¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã
1. ªìØ£ãÌ¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã : ¹ããè‡ãŠ ¹ã£ª¦ããèºãÀãñºãÀÞã ¹ãÎãì¹ããË¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¥ãñ ãäÖ¦ããÌãÖ ŸÀŠ Îã‡ãŠ¦ãñ. O¶ããÌãÀãâ¹ããÔãì¶ã ãä½ãß¥ããÀñ Îãñ¥ã, ½ãË½ãì¨ã,
¾ããâÞãã Îãñ¥ãŒã¦ã, Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ããÔããŸãè Ìãã¹ãÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñƒÃË. ªìØ£ã Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ããÔããŸãè ½ÖÎããèâÞãã ãäÌãÞããÀ ‡ãŠñË¾ããÔã Om¹ãŠÀãºããªãè, ½ãì-Öã,
ÔãìÀ¦ããè, ¹ãâ¤À¹ãìÀãè „¹ã¾ãì‡ã‹¦ã ŸÀ¦ãã¦ã. ªì£ããß Øãã¾ããèâ½ã£¾ãñ ØããèÀ ¦ãÀ Ôãâ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã Øãã¾ããèâ½ã£¾ãñ OÔããèÃ, ÖãñËãäÔ›¶ã ãä¹ãÆŠOr¾ã¶ã, ¹ãìŠËñ ãä¨ãÌãñ¥ããè
ƒ. ¹ããË¶ã ‡ãŠÀŠ Îã‡ãŠ¦ããñ.
2. ‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ã : ÌãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ã Öñ ‚ãâ¡ãè „¦¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè ãä‡ãŠâÌãã ½ããâÔããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 183

 ‚ãâ¡¾ããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ã : ØããÌãŸãè ‡ãŠãñâºã¡¾ãã, -Öãñ¡ ‚ãã¾ãËùâ¡ Àñ¡ ƒ. Oã¦ããèâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãñâºã¡¾ãã ‚ãâ¡ãè „¦¹ããª¶ã
‡ãŠÀ¥¾ããÔããŸãè ¹ããË¶ã ‡ãŠÀŠ Îã‡ãŠ¦ããñ.
 ½ããâÔããÔããŸãè ‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ã : ØããÌãÀã¥ã ‡ãŠãñâºã¡¾ãã, -Öãñ¡ ‚ãã¾ãËùâ¡ Àñ¡ ãäØãÀãèÀãO ¾ãã Oã¦ããèâÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãñâºã¡¾ãã ½ããâÔããÔããŸãè
¹ããË¶ã ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã¦ã. ‚ããÀ.‚ãã¾ã.‚ããÀ. ¾ãã Oã¦ããèÞ¾ãã ‡ãŠãñâºã¡¾ãã ËÌã‡ãŠÀ Ìãã¤¦ãã¦ã Ìã ãäÌãÌãÆŠãèÔã ¦ã¾ããÀ Öãñ¦ãã¦ã.
3. Øããâ¡ìßÎãñ¦ããè : Îãñ¦ããèËã ¹ãìÀ‡ãŠ Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã ½Ö¥ãì¶ã Øããâ¡ìßÎãñ¦ããè ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãñ. Îãñ¦ããè¦ããèË ¹ããËã¹ããÞããñßã ¦ãÔãñÞã O¶ããÌãÀãâÞãñ Îãñ¥ã Ìã
½ãË½ãì¨ã ¾ããâ¹ããÔãì¶ã „¦‡ãŠðÓŸ ªããÃÞãñ Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã ¦ã¾ããÀ ‡ãŠÀ¦ãã ¾ãñ„Š Îã‡ãŠ¦ãñ. ¦¾ãã´ãÀñ Œã¦ããâÌãÀãèË ŒãÞãÃ ‡ãŠ½ããè Öãñ„Š¶ã „¦¹ããª¶ã
Ìãã¤ãèÔããŸãè ÞããË¶ãã ãä½ãß¦ãñ. ¦¾ããÔããŸãè ªãñ¶ã Øãã¾ããè ‚ãÔãË¾ããÔã ¦¾ããÔããŸãè ËãØã¥ããÀñ Îãñ¥ã „¹ãËº£ã Öãñ„Š Îã‡ãŠ¦ãñ.
Îãñ¦ããÞ¾ãã ºããâ£ããÌãÀ ¾ãã Îãñ¦ããèËã ÔãÖã¾¾ã ŸÀ¥ããÀãè ºããâ£ããÞ¾ãã ÞããÀÖãè ºããOw¶ãñ ¢ãã¡ñ ËãÌã¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ãã¦ã. ¾ãã½ã£¾ãñ ¹ã¹ãƒÃ, ÎãñÌãØãã ƒ.
†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Íãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããèâÞãñ ¹ãÆãÀŠ¹ãñ [½ããù¡ñÊÔã]
†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Íãñ¦ããè ÔãâÍããñ£ã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã, ÀãÖìÀãè ¾ããâ¶ããè ‚ãÊ¹ã ‚ãããä¥ã ‚ã¦¾ãÊ¹ã Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâÔããŸãè 1 Öñ‡ã‹›À ºããØãã¾ã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã ,¹ãã¥ããè
Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã, ÀãÖìÀã ¾ããâ¶ããè 2 Öñ‡ã‹›À àãñ¨ãã‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã, D$Ôã ÔãâÍããñ£ã¶ã ‡ãŠñâªÆ, ¹ãã¡ñØããÌã ¾ããâ¶ããè „ŠÔã ‚ãã£ããÀãè¦ã ‚ãããä¥ã OrÀã¾ã¦ããèÔããŸãè
ÔããñËã¹ãìÀ ‡ãŠñâªÆã¶ãñ 1 Öñ‡ã‹›À ¹ãñàãã ‡ãŠ½ããè Îãñ¦ããèÔããŸãè ¹ãì¤ãèË¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ½ããù¡ñË ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñËñ ‚ããÖñ.
1.†‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Íãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ÔãâÍããñ£ã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã, ÀãÖìÀãè ½ããù¡ñÊÔã 1 Öñ‡ã‹›À ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã
†‡ãŠ Öñ‡ã‹›À ºããØãã¾ã¦ããè àãñ¨ãã¦ããèË ‚ãÊ¹ã¼ãì£ããÀ‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâÞãñ ‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ Ô©ãõ¾ããÃÔããŸãè ãä¹ã‡ãŠ¹ã®¦ããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã 72 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ,
¹ãŠßºããØãñÔããŸãè 20 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ, Íãñ¡¶ãñ›‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã 3.6 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä¥ã ¹ãÍãì¹ããË¶ããÔããŸãè 4.4 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Üã›‡ãŠ ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ¹ãì¤ãèË ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ
Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ¹ãÆãÀŠ¹ã Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñËñ ‚ããÖñ.
àãñ¨ã àãñ¨ã ÖâØãã½ã
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0.20 20 ½ã‡ãŠã ‡ãŠãâªã ½ãìØã
0.10 10 ºãã•ãÀãè ÖÀ¼ãÀã ÞãÌãßãè
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0.036 3.6 Îãñ¡¶ãñ› : 1 Ëñ ÌãÓãÃ - ›ãñ½ãù›ãñ- ‡ãŠã‡ãŠ¡ãè,2 Àñ ÌãÓãÃ ¤ãñºãßãè ãä½ãÀÞããè- ‡ãŠã‡ãŠ¡ãè
¾ãã ÌãÆŠ½ãã¶ãñ
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0.044 4.4 ½ãì‡ã‹¦ã ØããñŸã ¹ã®¦ã - Ôãâ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ØããƒÃ-2, Øããâ¡ìßŒã¦ã ãä¶ããä½ãÃ¦ããè ‚ãããä¥ã ‡ãŠì‡ã‹‡ãŠì›¹ããË¶ããÔããŸãè Àãñ¡
‚ãã¾ãËù¶¡ Àñ¡ 100 ¹ãàããè ¹ããÞã ›¹¾ãã¦ã (500 ¹ãàããè ¹ãÆãä¦ã ÌãÓãÃ)
ãä›¹ã : ¹ãŠß ºããØãñ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ããâºãã ¹ãŠß ºããØãñ EodOr ¡ãßãèºã/¹ãñÀŠ/‡ãŠñßãè Öãè ¹ã¾ããÃ¾ããè ¹ãŠß ¢ãã¡ñ Üãñ¦ãã ¾ãñ¦ããèË.
2.¹ãã¥ããè Ì¾ãÌãÔ©ãã¹ã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã, ÀãÖìÀãè 2 Öñ‡ã‹›À ºããØãã¾ã¦ããè ‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã
‚ã.¶ãâ. ãäÌã¼ããØã àãñ¨ã [Öñ] àãñ¨ã [›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ]
1 ¹ããè‡ãŠ 1.50 75
2 ¹ãŠßºããØã 0.40 20
3 ¹ãÍãì¹ããÊã¶ã 0.05 2.50
4 ‡ãŠì‡ãŠì›¹ããÊã¶ã
5 ½ã¦ÔãÍãñ¦ããè 0.05 2.50
†‡ãŠì¥ã 2.00 100
184Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

3.„ŠÔã ÔãâÍããñ£ã¶ã ‡ãŠñâªÆ, ¹ãã¡ñØããÌã : 1 Öñ‡ã‹›Àãè àãñ¨ããÔããŸãè „ŠÔã ‚ãã£ããÀãè¦ã ½ããù¡ñË †‡ãŠ Öñ‡ã‹›À ºããØãã¾ã¦ã O½ããè¶ã ‚ãÔã¥ãã-¾ãã Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-
¾ããâ¶ãã ÎããÍÌã¦ã „¦¹ããª¶ããÔããŸãè ¹ããè‡ãŠ¹ã®¦ããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã 60 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ, ÖâØãã½ããè ãä¹ã‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè 25 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ, ÞããÀã ¹ããè‡ãŠãâÔããŸãè 14 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ ‚ãããä¥ã
Øãã¾ã¹ããË¶ããÔããŸãè 1 ›‡ã‹‡ãŠã ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Üã›‡ãŠ ãä¶ãÖã¾ã ¹ãì¤ãèË ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ¹ãÆãÀŠ¹ã ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñËñ ‚ããÖñ.
àãñ¨ã [Öñ.] ÌãÓãÃ Iarn Àººããè „¶Öãßãè
Öñ‡ã‹›À ›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ
0.60 60 ¹ãÆ©ã½ã Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã „ŠÔã + ºã›ã›ã „ŠÔã
ªìÔãÀñ „ŠÔã „ŠÔã ImoS>dm
ãä¦ãÔãÀñ ImoS>dm ImoS>dm ½ãìØã
Þããõ©ãñ Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã ØãÖî ¹ã¡
0.25 25 ¹ãÆ©ã½ã Ôããñ¾ããºããè¶ã •ÌããÀãè ÞãÌãßãè
ªìÔãÀñ ½ãìØã •ÌããÀãè ¹ã¡
ãä¦ãÔãÀñ ‡ãŠãâªã ØãÖî ¹ã¡
Þããõ©ãñ ºãã•ãÀãè ÖÀ¼ãÀã ¹ã¡
ÞããÀã ¹ããè‡ãŠñ (12.5%)
0.05 5 4 •ÌããÀãè ½ã‡ãŠã ÞãÌãßãè
0.05 5 ÌãÓããÃÔããŸãè ÊãÔãî¥ãÜããÔã ÊãÔãî¥ãÜããÔã ÊãÔãî¥ãÜããÔã
0.04 4 ¶ãùãä¹ã‚ãÀ ØãÌã¦ã ¶ãùãä¹ã‚ãÀ ØãÌã¦ã ¶ãùãä¹ã‚ãÀ ØãÌã¦ã
¹ãÎãì¹ããË¶ã (1%)
0.01 1 Ôãâ‡ãŠÀãè¦ã ØããƒÃ-2 •ãã¦ã- ¹ãŠìËñ ãä¨ãÌãñ¥ããè
4.ÀãÓ›Èãè¾ã ‡ãŠðãäÓã ÔãâÎããñ£ã¶ã ¹ãÆ‡ãŠÊ¹ã ÔããñËã¹ãìÀ :½ãÖãÀãÓ›Èã¦ããèË ‚ãÌãÓãÃ¥ã ¹ãÆÌã¥ã ãäÌã¼ããØãã¦ããèË ‚ãÊ¹ã¼ãî£ããÀ‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ã‡ãŠ-¾ããâÞããè
‚ãããä©ãÃ‡ãŠ „¸ã¦ããè Ôãã£ã¥¾ããÔããŸãè, †‡ãŠ Öñ‡ã‹›À ‡ãŠãñÀ¡ÌããÖî àãñ¨ãã¦ããèË †‡ãŠããä¦½ã‡ãŠ Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã®¦ããè‡ãŠÀãè¦ãã 50 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¹ãŠßºããØãñÔããŸãè 40 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ
¹ãÍãì¹ããË¶ããÔããŸãè 5 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ‚ãããä¥ã Íãñ¦ã¦ãßñ 5 ›‡ã‹‡ãñŠ ¾ãã ¹ãÆ½ãã¥ãñ ¹ãì¤ãèË Îãñ¦ããè ¹ã£ª¦ããè ¹ãÆãÀŠ¹ã Ìãã¹ãÀ¥¾ããÞããè ãäÎã¹ãŠãÀÔã ‡ãŠñËñ ‚ããÖñ.
àãñ¨ã àãñ¨ã (›‡ã‹‡ãŠñ) ÖâØãã½ã

(Öñ) Iarn Àººããè „¶Öãßãè
0.30 30 ÞãÌãßãè •ÌããÀãè ¹ã¡ •ã½ããè¶ã
0.10 10 ½ã‡ãŠã ÞããÀã •ÌããÀãè ÞããÀã ¹ã¡ •ã½ããè¶ã
0.10 10 ¹ã¡ •ã½ããè¶ã ÖÀ¼ãÀã ¹ã¡ •ã½ããè¶ã
¹ãŠËãñ¦¹ãª¶ã (40%)
0.40 40 ‡ãŠãñÀ¡ÌããÖî ¹ãŠßºããØã ½ã£¾ãñ ‚ããâ¦ãÀ¹ããè‡ãŠ (ºãã•ãÀãè + ¦ãîÀ 2:1)
¹ãÎãì¹ããË¶ã (5%)
0.05 5 ªìØ£ã Ì¾ãÌãÔãã¾ã -1 ½ÖõÔã ¹ãâ¤À¹ãìÀãè, ¹ãÀÔã ‡ãŠãòºã¡ãè ¹ããË¶ã -30 ¹ãàããè ¹ããÞã ›¹¹¾ãã¦ã ¹ãÆ¦ããè ÌãÓããê
(ãäØãÀãèÀã•ã), Íãñßãè ¹ããË¶ã - 10 Íãñßãè + 1 ¶ãÀ („Ô½ãã¶ããºããªãè)
Íãñ¦ã¦ãßñ (5%)
0.05 5 ‚ãã‡ãŠãÀ 15 X 15 X 3 ½ããè›À
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 185

H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr
‘hmamîQ´>mVrb EHy$U bmJdS>r¶mo½¶ O{‘Zrn¡H$s 82 Q>³Ho$ O‘rZ {Oam¶V Amho. ‘hmamîQ´> emgZmZo Zo‘boë¶m Adf©Un«dU
joÌ nwZ{d©bmoH$Z g{‘VrZo Amnë¶m AhdmbmV (1987) Á¶m {d^mJmV gamgar 750 {‘.‘r. nojm H$‘r dm{f©H$ nO©Ý¶‘mZ
Amho d XmoZ nojm A{YH$ df} Adf©U hmoVo Aem joÌmg Adf©Un«dU joÌ g§~moYbo Amho. ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb gmobmnya, Ah‘XZJa,
nwUo, gmVmam, gm§Jbr, Zm{eH$, Ywio, Z§Xþa~ma, OiJmd, Am¡a§Jm~mX, OmbZm, Cñ‘mZm~mX, bmVya, ~rS>, Zm§XoS>, naÛr,
qhJmobr d H$moëhmnya ¶m AR>am {Oëô¶mVrb 114 Vmbw³¶m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. ¶m joÌmMm Odi Odi 80 Q>³Ho$ ^mJ hm ‘hmË‘m
’w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar ¶m§À¶m H$m¶©joÌmV ¶oVmo.
¶m ^mJmV nmdgmMo n«‘mU 750 {‘.‘r. nojm H$‘r AgVo. gd©gmYmaUnUo OyZ-Owb¡‘Ü¶o nmD$g gwê$ hmoVmo. nwZd©gy
Amíbofm d ‘Km ¶m ZjÌm‘Ü¶o (Owb¡ d Am°JñQ>) nmdgmMo à‘mU KQ>Vo Am{U Ë¶mM~amo~a Vmo A{ZpíMV AgVmo. CËVam d hñV
ZjÌmV (gßQ>|~a) gdmªV OmñV åhUOoM 150 Vo 200 {‘.‘r. nmD$g nS>Vmo. {MÌm ZjÌmV (Am°³Q>mo~aÀ¶m ‘Ü¶mZ§Va)
nmD$g nyU©nUo Wm§~Vmo. Adf©UàdU {d^mJmV CËVaoH$S>rb Ywio, Z§Xþa~ma, Zm{eH$, OiJmd d Ah‘XZJa {Oëô¶mVrb
H$mhr ^mJm§‘Ü¶o àm‘w»¶mZo 75 Vo 80 % joÌmda Iarn h§Jm‘mV {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV Va X{jU ^mJmVrb gmobmnya, nwUo,
gm§Jbr, H$moëhmnya B. {Oëô¶m§‘Ü¶o àm‘w»¶mZo 70 % joÌm§da aã~r {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV. Ë¶mn¡H$s 85 % joÌmda aã~r Ádmar
KoVbr OmVo. Adf©UàdU ^mJmVrb nmdgmÀ¶m Zm|XrMm Aä¶mg Ho$bm AgVm gd©gmYmaUnUo nS>Umè¶m nmdgmMo dJuH$aU
Imbrbà‘mUo H$aVm ¶oVo.
1. Iarn Am{U aã~r {nH$mg ¶mo½¶ nmD$g
2. ‘mog‘r nmdgmg ¶mo½¶doir gwédmV na§Vw, Z§Va 2 Vo 10 AmR>dS²>¶m§Mm I§S> Am{U gßQ>|~a‘Ü¶o aã~r {nH$mg nwaogm nmD$g
3. nmdgmg C{eam gwédmV Am{U aã~r nrH$ noaUrZ§Va nmD$g bdH$a g§nUo
4. Iarn h§Jm‘mV nwaogm nmD$g na§Vw, aã~r h§Jm‘mV H$‘r nmD$g
5. Iarn h§Jm‘mV H$‘r nmD$g na§Vw, aã~r h§Jm‘mV ¶mo½¶ nmD$g
6. Iarn d aã~r XmoÝhr h§Jm‘mV H$‘r nmD$g
H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVrMr ‘ybVËdo
1) O‘rZ gnmQ>rH$aU … CVmamÀ¶m O{‘ZrdéZ nmdgmÀ¶m nmÊ¶m~amo~a ‘mVrMo H$U d {nH$m§Mo AÝZm§e dmhÿZ OmVmV.
Ë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMr gwnrH$Vm H$‘r hmoVo. O‘rZ g‘nmVirV Agë¶mg O{‘ZrMr Yyn H$‘r Pmë¶mZo gwnrH$Vm {Q>H$Vo. VgoM
O{‘ZrV Amobmdm gmR>{dbm OmD$Z {nH$m§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV pñWaVm AmUVm ¶oVo.
2) g‘nmVirV ‘emJV d noa … g‘nmVirV O{‘ZrMr Zm§JaQ>, Hw$idUr, noaUr Ho$ë¶m‘wio O‘rZrdê$Z dmhV OmUmao
nmdgmMo nmUr dm¶m Z OmVm OmñVrV OmñV à‘mUmV O{‘ZrV ‘waVo Am{U Ë¶mMm ’$m¶Xm {nH$m§Mr dmT> g‘à‘mUmV
hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
3) O{‘ZrMr ~m§Y~§{XñVr H$aUo Am{U Am§Va~m§Y ì¶dñWmnZ … O{‘ZrV g‘nmVirV ~m§Y Ho$ë¶mg nmdgmMo nmUr
AS>{dbo OmD$Z O{‘ZrVrb dmhÿZ OmUmao ‘mVrMo H$U, AÝZm§e VgoM Amobmdm O{‘ZrVM gmR>{dÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo d
Ë¶m‘wio CËnÝZ dmT>Vo. XmoZ ~m§Ym§‘Yrb O{‘Zrda ‘emJV H$arV AgVmZm CVmambm AmS>do gmao Q>mH$Uo, gar da§~m H$aUo,
¶m‘wio nmdgmMo nmUr OmJodaM O{‘ZrV ‘wa{dÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
4) O{‘ZrÀ¶m ImobrZwgma nrH$ {Z¶moOZ … O{‘ZrMr Imobr H$‘r - A{YH$ Agë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrVrb ImobrZwgma A m o b m d m
gmR>dyZ R>odÊ¶mMr j‘Vm H$‘r OmñV AgVo. {Za{Zamù¶m {nH$m§Zm H$‘r OmñV à‘mUmV nmÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm
AgVo. V³Vm H«$.1 ‘Ü¶o {Xë¶mà‘mUo O{‘ZrMr Imobr bjmV KoD$Z {nH$m§Mr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambobr Amho.
Ë¶mMà‘mUo {nH$mMo {Z¶moOZ Ho$ë¶mg Adf©Udfu CËnmXZmV pñWaVm AmUÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
A) Adf©UàdU {d^mJmV, Iarn gy¶©’y$b noaUr ‘Ü¶‘ Imob O{‘Zrda (45 Vo 60 g|.‘r.) 9 Vo 15 Owb¡ Am{U aã~r
gw¶©’y$b noaUr ‘Ü¶‘ Imob O{‘Zrda (60 Vo 90 g|.‘r.) gßQ>|~a ‘{hÝ¶mV H$amdr.
~) Adf©UàdU {d^mJmV emídV CËnmXZmgmR>r VwarMr noaUr ‘Ü¶‘ Imob O{‘ZrV (45 Vo 60 g|.‘r.) 1 Vo 15 Owb¡À¶m
Xaå¶mZ H$amdr.
H$) npíM‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmV ‘Ü¶‘ Vo Imob O{‘ZrV aã~r ÁdmarMr noaUr 15 gßQ>|~a Vo 15 Am°³Q>mo~a
Xaå¶mZ H$amdr.
186Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

V³Vm H«$. 1 O{‘ZrÀ¶m ImobrZwgma {nH$m§Mo {Z¶moOZ
A.Z§. O{‘ZrMr Imobr (g|.‘r.) CnbãY Amobmdm ({‘.‘r) H$moUVo nrH$ ¿¶mdo ?
1. 7.5 g|.‘r. nojm H$‘r 15-30 JdV, dZeoVr, H$moaS>dmhÿ, ’$i~mJm
2. 7.5 g|.‘r. Vo 22.5 g|.‘r. 30-40 JdV, hþbJm, ‘Q>H$s, Ea§S>r, dZeoVr d ’$i~mJm, ~mOar +
hþbJm/‘Q>H$s (2…1) Am§Va{nH$
3. 22.5 g|.‘r. Vo 45 g|.‘r 40-60 gy¶©’y$b, ~mOar, Vya d ~mOar + Vya (2…1), gw¶©’w$b+Vya
(2…1), Vya + Jdma (1…2), Ea§S>r + Jdma (1…2)
Am§Va{nH$ d Ea§S>r, XmoS>H$m {‘l{nH$
4. 45 g|.‘r. Vo 60 g|.‘r 60-150 aã~r Ádmar, H$aS>B©, haâm
5. 60 g|.‘r. nojm OmñV 150 nojm OmñV aã~r ‘Ü¶o Ádmar, H$aS>B©, gy¶©’y$b, haâm AWdm Xþ~ma nrHo$
5) Am§Va{nH$ nÜXV … Am§Va{nH$ nÜXVr‘Ü¶o ‘w»¶ {nH$mMr à{Vho³Q>ar amonm§Mr g§»¶m H$‘r Z H$aVm noaUr A§VamV ~Xb
H$ê$Z OmñVrMo Am§VanrHo$ KoVbr OmVmV. ¶m‘Ü¶o {nH$m§À¶m dmT>rÀ¶m H$mimV nañnam§er ñnYm© Z H$aVm EH$‘oH$m§Zm nyaH$
R>aVrb Aer {nHo$ {ZdS>bobr AgVmV. XmoÝhr {nH$m§À¶m n³dVm H$mbmdYr, dmT>rMm àH$ma, ‘yim§Mr dmT> {^ÝZ àH$maMr
Agë¶m‘wio {nH$m§À¶m ¶mo½¶ dmT>rg O{‘ZrVrb Amobmì¶mMr d AÝZÐì¶mMr JaO ¶mo½¶àH$mao ^mJ{dbr OmVo.
nmdgm‘Ü¶o I§S> nS>ë¶mg H$‘rV H$‘r EH$Var nrH$ {ZpíMV ¶oVo. nmD$g ¶mo½¶ à‘mUmV Agë¶mg Am§VanrH$ nÜXVrZo
CËnÝZ gbJ {nH$m§nojm {ZpíMVM OmñV {‘iVo. Iarn h§Jm‘m‘Ü¶o (22.5 Vo 45 g|.‘r.) ImobrÀ¶m O{‘ZrV ~mOar +
Vya (2…1),gw¶©’y$b + Vya (2…1), Vya + Jdma (1…2), Ea§S>r + Jdma (1…2), Vya + eony(1…2), Vya +
H$moqW~ra(1…2) ¶m Am§VanrH$ nÜXVrMr {e’$magr H$aÊ¶mV Amboë¶m AmhoV.
6) Xþ~ma nrH$ nÜXV … Iarn h§Jm‘mV gwédmVrg doioda Am{U ¶mo½¶ nmD$g nS>ë¶mg, ‘Ü¶‘ Imob (60 Vo 90 g|.‘r.)
qH$dm Ë¶mnojm OmñV Imob O{‘ZrV H$‘r H$mbmdYr Agbobr {nHo$ åhUOo CS>rX, ‘yJ, Mdir BË¶mXr {nHo$ Mmè¶mgmR>r
AWdm YmÝ¶mgmR>r KoD$Z Ë¶mZ§Va aã~r Ádmar, H$aS>B© d gy¶©’y$b ¶m {nH$m§Mr noaUr ¶mo½¶ doiog H$aVm ¶oVo. Imob O{‘ZrV
nmdgmMo nmUr nwaogo gmR>{dÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Agë¶m‘wio aã~r {nH$mMo CËnmXZ ImÌrMo AgVo. CS>rX, Mdir, ‘yJ ¶m§Mo
~odS> Mm§Jbo Agë¶m‘wio aã~r Ádmarbm Úmd¶mÀ¶m ZÌ IVmV 25 {H$bmo n«{V ho³Q>ar ~MV hmoVo.
7) {nH$m§Mr ’o$anmbQ> … aã~r h§Jm‘m‘Ü¶o Ádmar, haâm, VgoM H$aS>B© ¶m {nH$m§Mr ’o$anmbQ> Ho$br Va CËnmXZmV dmT>
hmoVo. H$aS>B© Am{U haâm ¶m {nH$m§À¶m ’o$anmbQ>rZ§Va Ádmar KoVbr AgVm CËnmXZmV AZwH«$‘o 35 Am{U 24 Q>³Ho$
dmT> hmoVo. Ádmar Am{U haâm ¶m {nH$mZ§Va H$aS>B© nrH$ KoVbo AgVm H$aS>B©À¶m CËnmXZmV 14 Q>³Ho$ dmT> hmoVo.
Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb ‘Ü¶ Imob Vo Imob O{‘Zrda H$aS>B©-haâm dm{f©H$ ’o$anmbQ> nrH$ nÜXVr‘Ü¶o A{YH$
CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ ’$m¶Xm {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r H$aS>B© {nH$mg 50 Q>³Ho$ ZÌ Am{U ñ’w$aX (25 {H$bmo ZÌ Am{U 12.5
{H$bmo ñ’w$aX à{V ho³Q>a) + A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a + ñ’w$aX {daKiUmao OrdmUy Am{U haâm {nH$mg 100% ZÌ (25 {H$bmo
ZÌ à{V ho³Q>a) + 50% ñ’w$aX (25 {H$bmo ñ’w$aX à{V ho³Q>a) Am{U am¶Pmo{~¶‘ dmnaÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV
¶oV Amho.
8) Ob d ‘¥X g§YmaU … aã~r {nH$mgmR>rÀ¶m O{‘Zr Iarn h§Jm‘mV ‘moH$ù¶m AgVmV. Aem O{‘ZrV 6 x 6 ‘rQ>a
AmH$mamMo gnmQ> dm’o$ qH$dm ~§{XñV gar d§a~o V¶ma H$ê$Z nmdgmMm> nS>Umam àË¶oH$ W|~ AS>dyZ O{‘ZrV {Oadbm
AgVm O{‘ZrVrb Amobmì¶mV dmT> hmoVo d aã~r ÁdmarMo CËnÝZ dmT>Vo.
9) gwYm[aV ì¶dñWmnZ … Adf©UmMr Vrd«Vm H$‘r H$aÊ¶mMm hm EH$ ImÌrera Cnm¶ Amho. ¶m‘Ü¶o àm‘w»¶mZo noaUrMr
¶mo½¶ doi, noaUrVrb A§Va, gwYm[aV OmVtMm dmna, ~rOà{H«$¶m, ho³Q>ar amonm§Mr g§»¶m, IVm§Mm dmna Am{U
Am§Va‘emJV B. ~m~tMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. gwYm[aV ì¶dñWmnZmMm Adb§~ Ho$ë¶mg Iarn {nH$m§Mo 15 Vo 20 Q>³Ho$ Va
aã~r {nH$m§À¶m CËnmXZmV 35 Vo 40 Q>³Ho$ dmT> {XgyZ ¶oVo. noaUrMo XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va {e’$maerà‘mUo Agë¶mg
{nH$m§Mr Am§Va‘emJV Mm§Jbr H$aVm ¶oVo. amonm§À¶m ‘wim§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoD$Z O{‘ZrÀ¶m daÀ¶m WamVrb AÝZm§e
KoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. à¶moJmdê$Z {ZpíMV Ho$bobo {Za{Zamù¶m {nH$m§Vrb XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va V³Vm H«$.2 ‘Ü¶o {Xbo Amho.
Ë¶mMà‘mUo noaUr Ho$ë¶mg Adf©U H$mimVhr CËnmXZmV dmT> Pmë¶mMo {XgyZ ¶oVo. aã~r h§Jm‘mV {deofV… {nH$m§Mr dmT>
O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY Amobrda Adb§~yZ AgVo. amonm§Mr g§»¶m OmñV Pmë¶mg Amobmì¶mgmR>r ñnYm© dmT>Vo Am{U nrH$
’w$bmoè¶mV ¶oÊ¶mÀ¶m doir Amobmdm H$‘r nSy>Z CËnmXZmV KQ> ¶oVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 187

Am§Va‘emJVr‘Ü¶o VU{Z¶§ÌU hm A{Ve¶ ‘hËËdmMm ‘wX²Xm Amho. VU O{‘ZrVrb AÝZm§e, Amobmdm, gy¶©àH$me
¶m§Mr à‘wI {nH$m§~amo~a ñnYm© H$aVo. Iarn h§Jm‘mV VUm§Mm àmXþ^m©d aã~r h§Jm‘mnojm A{YH$ AgVmo. noaUrnmgyZ 30
{Xdgm§À¶m AmV VU{Z¶§ÌU H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho AÝ¶Wm Cera Pmë¶mg VU H$mT>ë¶mMo Ho$di g‘mYmZ {‘iVo. na§Vw
{nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmbobo AgVo. VU {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r IwanUr (qZXUr), H$moinUr ¶m gmo~VM EH$mpË‘H$nUo VU{Z¶§ÌU
Am{U amgm¶{ZH$ VUZmeH$m§Mm JaOoà‘mUo à¶moJ Ho$ë¶mg à^mdrnUo VU {Z¶§ÌU hmoD$ eH$Vo.
aã~r h§Jm‘mV H$moinUrg {deof ‘hËd Amho. Adf©UàdU ^mJmVrb O{‘Zr ôJmiVmV. Ë¶m‘YyZ ‘moR²>¶m à‘mUmV
Amobmì¶mMo ~mînr^dZ hmoV AgVo. H$moinUr Ho$ë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMm n¥îR>^mJ ^wg^werV hmoD$Z O{‘Zrda ‘mVrMo
AmÀN>mXZ V¶ma hmoVo d ~mînr^dZ H$‘r hmoVo. O‘rZ ôJmiV Zmhr. Adf©U H$mbmdYr‘Ü¶o Zoh‘r {e’$mag Ho$ë¶mnojm
A{YH$ H$moinÊ¶m H$aÊ¶mMr JaO AgVo. Ë¶m‘wio O{‘Zrg nS>Umè¶m ôJm ~wOdë¶m OmD$Z O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm
{Q>H${dÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
V³Vm H«$. 2 {Za{Zamù¶m {nH$m§gmR>r noaUrMo A§Va

nrH$ {~¶mUo noaUr A§Va amonm§Mr g§»¶m Am§Va‘emJV
({H$./ho.) (g|.‘r.) ho³Q>ar (bmImV)
~mOar 3 45 x 15 1.48 noaUrnmgyZ 15 {Xdgm§À¶m A§VamZo 1 {daiUr d 1
IwanUr
gy¶©’y$b 8 Vo 10 45 x 30 0.74 noaUrnmgyZ 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr 1 {daiUr H$amdr.
2 H$moinÊ¶m d 1 IwanUr
^wB©‘yJ (CnQ>çm) 100 30 x 10 3.33 noaUrZ§Va Zm§Jo AmT>iyZ Amë¶mg ~r Q>moH$Z H$éZ J°n
âmdoV d IwanUr 30 {Xdgm§À¶m AmV H$amdr.
Vya 12 Vo 15 45 x 20 1.11 IwanUr 30 {Xdgm§À¶m AmV H$amdr.
60 x 20 0.83
90 x 20 0.55
CS>rX, ‘yJ 15 30 x 10 3.33 IwanUr 30 {Xdgm§À¶m AmV H$amdr.
aã~r Ádmar 10 45 x 15 1.48 3 H$moinÊ¶m (noaUrZ§Va 3, 5 d 8AmR>dS²>¶m§Zr)
H$aS>B© 10 Vo 12 45 x 20 1.11 3 H$moinÊ¶m (noaUrZ§Va 3, 5 d 8AmR>dS²>¶m§Zr)
haâm 60 30 x 10 3.33 2 H$moinÊ¶m (noaUrZ§Va 3 d 5 AmR>dS²>¶m§Zr)
10) IVm§Mm dmna … Adf©UàdU ^mJmVrb O{‘ZrV nmD$g ‘waÊ¶mMr j‘Vm H$‘r AgVo (5 Vo 7 {‘.‘r. à{V Vmg).
Ë¶m‘wio nmD$g, {Ô nmD$g nS>ë¶mg nmUr Mm§Jbo Imobda ‘waVo AÝ¶Wm ~aoMgo nmdgmMo nmUr n¥îR>^mJmdê$Z dmhÿZ
OmVo (20 Vo 40 Q>³Ho$). eoUIV, H§$nmoñQ> d {hadirÀ¶m IVm§Mm dmna Ho$ë¶mg O{‘ZrV nmD$g ‘waÊ¶mMr j‘Vm VgoM
O{‘ZrMr ObYmaUme³Vr dmT>Vo. ho³Q>ar 6 Q>Z eoUIV dmnaë¶m‘wio nmD$g ‘waÊ¶mMr j‘Vm Mm¡nQ>rZo dmT>Vo Ago à¶moJm§Vr
{ZXe©Zmg Ambo Amho. aã~r Ádmarg OyZ-Owb¡‘Ü¶o eoVmVrb g|{Ð¶ Q>mH$mD$ nXmW© 5.5 Q>Z à{V ho.
{Xë¶mg Ë¶m~amo~a 3.50 Q>Z à{V ho³Q>ar gw~mîrÀ¶m {haì¶m ’$m§Úm AWdm 25 {H$bmo ZÌ à{V ho³Q>ar {Xë¶mg aã~r
ÁdmarÀ¶m YmÝ¶ CËnmXZmV pñWaVm ¶oD$Z CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo d O{‘ZrMm ‘JXÿa gwYmaVmo.
‘Ü¶‘ Imob O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o Adf©UàdU ^mJm§‘Ü¶o ~mOar {nH$mÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r p½bargrS>r¶m dZñnVrMr
{hadr nmZo d ’$m§Úm à{V ho³Q>ar 5 Q>Z ¶mà‘mUo ~mOar noaUrnydu EH$ ‘{hZm AJmoXa O{‘ZrV {‘giyZ à{V ho³Q>ar 45 {H$bmo
ZÌ XmoZ hßË¶mV {d^mJyZ {Xë¶mg YmÝ¶ d ga‘mS>mMo CËnmXZ dmT>Vo. aã~r ÁdmarÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r à{V ho³Q>ar 25
{H$bmo nmbme {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌo~amo~a (50…25 ZÌ … ñ’w$aX {H$./ho.) XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag Ho$br Amho.
H$moaS>dmhÿ {nH$m§Zm amgm¶{ZH$ IVo {Xë¶mZo CËnmXZmV bjUr¶ dmT> Va hmoVoM d nrH$ 10 Vo 15 {Xdg AJmoXa V¶ma
hmoVo. amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§À¶m dmnam‘wio gwédmVrnmgyZM nrH$ Omo‘Xma dmT>Vo, ’w$bmoam 8-10 {Xdg bdH$a ¶oVmo Am{U bdH$a
nrH$ V¶ma Pmë¶m‘wio Adf©UmMr Pi H$‘r hmoVo. {Za{Zamù¶m {nH$m§Zm bmJUmè¶m ho³Q>ar IVm§À¶m ‘mÌm§Mr {e’$mag V³Vm
H«$. 3 ‘Ü¶o {Xbobr Amho.
188Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

V³Vm H«$. 3 amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§Mr {e’$magrV ‘mÌm
A.Z§. nrH$mMo Zm§d IVm§Mr _mÌm {H$./ho.
ZÌ ñ\w$aX nmbme
1 ~mOar 50 25 25
2 gy`©\y$b 50 25 25
3 ^wB©_yJ, Vya 25 50 --
4 hþbJm, _Q>H$s 12.5 25 --
5 Ea§S>r 60 40 --
6 aã~r Ádmar 60 30 25
7 H$aS>B© 50 25 --
8 haâm 25 50 --
amgm¶{ZH$ IVm~amo~a OrdmUy IVm§Mm dmna H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. CVmamÀ¶m O{‘ZrV 20 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda Ig JdV,
gw~m^wirMo O¡{dH$ ~m§Y V¶ma Ho$ë¶mg nmdgmMo nmUr gmR>{dbo OmVo. Ë¶mMà‘mUo gw~m^wirÀ¶m ImoS>m§Mr C§Mr
O{‘ZrnmgyZ 30 g|.‘r. R>odmdr. PmS>m§Zm Ambobr H$modir nmZo d ’$m§Úm H$mnyZ O{‘ZrMo n¥îR>^mJmda ngadyZ Úmdr.
Ë¶m‘wio ho³Q>ar 60 Vo 70 p³d¨Q>b {hadirMm nmbm {‘iVmo. {hadirÀ¶m nmë¶mVyZ ho³Q>ar 40 Vo 50 {H$bmo ZÌ nwa{dbo
OmD$Z ÁdmarÀ¶m CËnmXZmV 40 Vo 50 Q>³Ho$ dmT> hmoVo. ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m Adf©U àdU {d^mJmVrb ‘Ü¶‘ Imob H$mù¶m
O{‘ZrÀ¶m emídV gw{nH$VogmR>r d H$moaS>dmhÿ aã~r ÁdmarMo YmÝ¶ d H$S>ã¶mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Iarn h§Jm‘mV
Mdir ’w$bmoè¶mV AgVmZm O{‘ZrV {‘giyZ AWdm ngê$Z Ë¶mZ§Va aã~r Ádmarg {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌm (60…30
{H$bmo à{V ho³Q>ar ZÌ … ñ’w$aX) XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho. noaUrdoir IV {Xbo Zgë¶mg dma§dma nS>Umè¶m
dmnemMm ’$m¶Xm {‘iÊ¶mg noaUrnmgyZ 30 {Xdgm§Mo AmV 10-15 {H$bmo ZÌ à{V ho³Q>ar noê$Z Úmdo.
11) Adf©UmV VJ YaUmar {nHo$ d dmUmMm dmna … Adf©UàdU ^mJmV Adf©UmMm H$mbmdYr bhmZ-‘moR>m Zoh‘rM
AgVmo åhUyZM Adf©UmMm VmU ghZ H$ê$ eH$Umè¶m {nH$m§Mo dmU {ZdS>mdoV d Ë¶mMm noam H$amdm. H$aS>B©Mo
Eg.Eg.E’$. 708 d ’w$bo H$aS>B© 733 ho dmU {ZdS>mdo.
12) dmam à{VamoYH$mMm dmna … Adf©UàdU ^mJmV Iarn h§Jm‘mV dmè¶mMr JVr 18 Vo 20 {H$bmo‘rQ>a à{V Vmg
Agë¶mg O{‘ZrVrb Amobmì¶mMo ~mînr^dZ ‘moR²>¶m à‘mUmda hmoVo. ¶mgmR>r dmam à{VamoYH$ åhUyZ gw~m^yigma»¶m
dZñnVrMr bmJdS> ~m§Ymda Ho$ë¶mg dmè¶mMr JVr amoIbr OmVo. gd©gmYmaUnUo 20 Vo 25 {‘.‘r. Amobmì¶mMr ~MV
hmoVo Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. gw~m^wirMm à{VamoYH$ åhUyZ dmna Ho$ë¶mg dmè¶mMm à{V~§Y Va hmoVmoM ¶m{edm¶
OZmdam§Mm Mmam qH$dm {hadirMo IV Am{U Adf©UàdU H$mimV bmHy$S> åhUyZhr Ë¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
13) ¶mo½¶ doioda noaUr … doioda noaUr H$aUo A{YH$ CËnmXZmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo ‘hËËdmMo Amho. Iarn h§Jm‘mV nwaogm nmD$g
Pmbm Var noaUrg Cera Pmë¶mg CËnmXZmV KQ> ¶oVo. ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m Adf©UàdU joÌmVrb nO©Ý¶ {d^mJ H«$.1 Am{U 4
‘Yrb gd© {Oëô¶m§‘Ü¶o Iarn h§Jm‘mV gy¶©’y$bmMr noaUr ‘mog‘r nmD$g pñWamdë¶m~amo~a ËdarV H$amdr Am{U Ë¶mgmR>r
g§H$[aV dmU ’w$bo a{damO qH$dm gwYm[aV dmU Eg.Eg. 56 qH$dm ^mZy ¶m OmVtMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho. aã~r
h§Jm‘mV noaUrg Cera Pmë¶mg CËnmXZmV KQ> AmT>iyZ ¶oVo H$maU Am°³Q>mo~a ‘Ü¶mZ§Va nmD$g nS>Ê¶mMr e³¶Vm H$‘r
AgVo Am{U {nH$mg O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY Amobrda Adb§~yZ ahmdo bmJVo. aã~r ÁdmarMr doioda noaUrg gwYm[aV
ì¶dñWmnZ d amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§Mm dmna H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. aã~r ÁdmarMr noaUr emídV Am{U A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r
gßQ>|~aMm Xþgam n§YadS>m VoAm°³Q>mo~a ‘{hÝ¶mÀ¶m n{hë¶m n§YadS²>¶mn¶ªV H$amdr. gmobmnya ¶oWrb Joë¶m 64 dfm©À¶m
(1947 Vo 2010) nmdgmÀ¶mZm|Xrdê$Z Iarn h§Jm‘mV 23 Vo 25 ì¶m H¥${f hdm‘mZ AmR>dS>çmmV (4 Vo 24 OyZ) 20
{‘.‘r. nojm A{YH$ nmD$g nS>Ê¶mMr e³¶Vm 40 Q>³¶mnojm A{YH$ Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Iarn {nH$m§Mr noaUr ¶m AmR>dS>çmV
H$amdr. VgoM H¥${f hdm‘mZ AmR>dS>m 29 Vo 30 ‘Ü¶o (16 Vo 29 Owb¡) ¶m H$mbmdYrV 20 {‘.‘r. nojm A{YH$ nmD$g
nS>Ê¶mMr àmW{‘H$ Am{U g§^mì¶Vm 40 Q>³Ho$ nojm OmñV Agë¶m‘wio ¶m H$mbmdYrV Oa nmD$g nS>bm Va
AmnËH$mbrZ nrH$ / ‘Ü¶ h§Jm‘ XþéñVrgmR>r {nH$m§Mr noaUr H$amdr. VgoM aã~r h§Jm‘mV H¥${f hdm‘mZ AmR>dS>m 38
Am{U 39 ‘Ü¶o (17 Vo 30 gßQ>|~a) ¶m H$mbmdYrV 20 {‘.‘r.nojm A{YH$ nmD$g nS>Ê¶mMr e³¶Vm 60 Q>³³¶mnojm
OmñV Agë¶m‘wio ¶m AmR>dS²>¶mV nmD$g nS>ë¶mg aã~r {nH$mMr noaUr H$amdr.
14) ‘Ü¶ h§Jm‘ XþéñVr … Adf©UàdU {d^mJmV Xa Xhm dfm©V VrZ df} nmD$g C{eam gwê$ hmoVmo. nmdgmg C{eam gwédmV
Pmbr Va noaÊ¶m C{eam hmoVmV. Aem n[apñWVrV eoVH$è¶m§Zm H$moUVo nrH$ ¿¶mdo hm àíZ nS>Vmo Aem doiog Adf©UàdU
{d^mJmV CËnmXZmV pñWaVm ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U Am{W©H$ÑîQ²>¶m eoVr nadS>Ê¶mgmR>r Imbrbà‘mUo {nH$m§Mo {Z¶moOZ
H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 189
V³Vm H«$. 4 Iarn O{‘ZrgmR>r (45 g|.‘r. Imob) ‘Ü¶ h§Jm‘ XþéñVr
nmdgmMo AmJ‘Z (n§YadS>m) {nHo$
OyZ Xþgam IarnmMr {nHo$ Am{U Am§Va{nH$ nÜXVr
Owb¡ n{hbm ~mOar, amim, amO{Jam, ^wB©‘yJ, Ea§S>r, Vya, hþbJm, gy¶©’y$b
Am§VanrH$ ~mOar + Vya (2…1), gy¶©’y$b + Vya (2…1), Vya + Jdma (1…2),
Ea§S>r + Jdma (1…2)
Owb¡ Xþgam gw¶©’y$b, Vya, hþbJm, amim, Ea§S>r, ~mOar
Am§Va{nH$ gy¶©’y$b + Vya (2…1), Vya + Jdma (1…2)
~mOar + Vya (2…1)
Am°JñQ> n{hbm gw¶©’y$b, Vya, Ea§S>r, hþbJm, ~mOar, gw¶©’y$b + Vya (2…1), Ea§S>r + XmoS>H$m {‘l{nH$
Am°JñQ> Xþgam gw¶©’y$b, Ea§S>r
gßQ>|~a n{hbm aã~r Ádmar (Mmè¶mgmR>r Am{U YmÝ¶mgmR>r)
15) g§a{jV nmUr … Adf©UmMm VmU H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r g§a{jV nmÊ¶mMr {e’$mag Ho$br Amho. OoWo hr gmo¶ Agob CXm.
O{‘ZrbJV ZXr, Zmbo, AmoT>o, Vbmd, eoVVio, {dhra, ~m§Y, nmPaVbmd B. VoWo {nH$mg g§a{jV nmUr XoUo e³¶ hmVo.
Varhr nmUr {nH$mÀ¶m R>am{dH$ g§doXZj‘ AdñWoV {‘imë¶mg Ë¶mMm CËnmXZ dmT>rg Cn¶moJ hmoVm. CXm. aã~r
Ádmar, H$aS>B© ¶m {nH$m§Zm 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr n{hbo nmUr, 60 Vo 65 {Xdgm§Zr Xþgao nmUr {‘imë¶mg CËnmXZmV
50 Vo 60 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoVo. EH$doi nwaVoM nmUr CnbãY Agë¶mg noaUrnmgyZ 60 Vo 65 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo. ha^è¶mÀ¶m
{nH$mg 35 Vo 40 {Xdgm§Zr n{hbo Va 65 Vo 70 {Xdgm§Zr Xþgao nmUr XoÊ¶mÀ¶m {e’$maer H$aÊ¶mV Amboë¶m AmhoV.
16) AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna … ~mînr^dZm‘wio O{‘ZrVrb gw‘ma 70 Q>¸o$ Amob CSy>Z OmVo. Vr WmondyZ YaÊ¶mgmR>r eoVmVrb
{Zén¶moJr H$mS>r H$Mam, YgH$Q>o, JdV VyaH$mS>çmMm dmna nrH$ CJdUrZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§Mo AmV {nH$mÀ¶m XmoZ AmoirV
O{‘Zrda ho³Q>ar 5 Q>Z AmÀN>mXZ ngamdo. AmÀN>mXZmÀ¶m dmnam‘wio 25 Vo 30 {‘.‘r. Amobmì¶mMr ~MV hmoVo Am{U
CËnmXZmV 30 Vo 40 Q>³¶m§Zr dmT> hmoVo.
17) ’$dmè¶mÛmao IVm§Mm dmna … Iarn d aã~r h§Jm‘mV nmdgmV I§S> nS>ë¶m‘wio {nH$m§da {dnarV n[aUm‘ hmoVmo H$maU
O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm H$‘r hmoVmo, {nHo$ H$mo‘oOVmV, nmZm§Mo Vmn‘mZ dmT>Vo, nmZmÀ¶m A§Va§JmVyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nmÊ¶mMr
dm’$ OmVo d nmZmVrb AÞm§e V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMr {H«$¶m ‘§XmdVo. Aemdoir 2 Q>¸o$ ¶w[a¶mMm ’$dmam {nH$m§da Ho$ë¶mg
{nH$mÀ¶m nmZm§Vrb {H«$¶m J{V‘mZ hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo Am{U {nHo$ O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm emofÊ¶mg gwédmV H$aVmV.
18) namdV©H$m§Mm dmna … Adf©UàdU H$mbmdYrV gy¶m©À¶m CîUVo‘wio {nH$mÀ¶m A§Va§JmVyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ~mînr^dZ
hmoV AgVo. Vo H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ho$AmobrZ, nm§T>am a§J AJa ISy> nmdS>aMm 8 Q>¸o$ ’$dmam nmZm§da {Xë¶mg gy¶©àH$me
nmZmdéZ namd{V©V hmoD$Z {nH$m§À¶m A§Va§JmVyZ hmoUmar nmÊ¶mMr dm’$ H$‘r H$aÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. n¶m©¶r nmÊ¶mMr ~MV
hmoD$Z Adf©U H$mbmdYrV VmU ghZ hmoVmo.
19) ho³Q>ar amonm§Mr g§»¶m H$‘r H$aUo … Adf©U H$mbmdYr dmT>dë¶mg amonm§Mr O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm. AÝÝmm§e B. gmR>r
A{Zï> ñnYm© dmT>Vo Am{U Amobmdm H$‘r nS>ë¶mg gd© {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ hmoV, Vo Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r H$mhr à‘mUmV amonm§Mr
g§»¶m H$‘r H$amdr.
20) nmZm§Mr g§»¶m H$‘r H$aUo … Adf©U H$mbmdYrV {nH$m§Vrb A§Va§JmVyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda {ZîH$mgZ hmoVo. Vo
Wmon{dÊ¶mgmR>r VmQ>mdarb Imbrb nmZo H$‘r H$amdr Am{U darb 4 Vo 5 nmZo R>odmdr. Ë¶m‘wio Adf©UmMm VmU H$‘r
hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
190Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

21) XmoZ MmS>o nmârMm dmna … H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVmV ~r d IV EH$mM doir noaUr JaOoMo Amho. ~r Am{U IV ¶mo½¶ A§Vamda
noaUrgmR>r H$moaS>dmhþ H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, gmobmnya ¶oWo XmoZ MmS>çmMr nmâ àW‘ V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Ambr. IV d ~r,
EH$mM doir noaVm ¶oV Agë¶m‘wio Adf©UàdU ^mJmV hr nmâ ’$maM bmoH${à¶ Amho. Aem àH$maMr nmâ H$‘r
IMm©V eoVH$è¶m§Zm 1 B§Mr nr. ìhr. gr. nmB©n d XmoZ MmS>r dmnéZ eoVH$è¶m§H$S>o AgUmè¶m nmârda WmoS>m ~Xb H$éZ
gwVmamH$Sy>Zhr V¶ma H$éZ KoVm ¶oVo. ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb ‘Ü¶‘ Imob O{‘Zrda IarnmV gy¶©’y$b +
Vya (2…1) Am§VanrH$ Va aã~r h§Jm‘mV Ádmar d haâm noaUrgmR>r Á¶moVr Q>moH$U ¶§ÌmMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
Á¶moVr Q>moH$U ¶§ÌmMm dmna Ho$ë¶mg ‘Zwî¶ Vmgm§Mr ~MV hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
22) nrH$ g§ajU … nrH$ g§ajU doirM H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. (nrH$ g§ajU V³Ë¶mà‘mUo). {H$S>r Am{U amoJmMo g‘mYmZH$maH$
{Z¶§ÌU hmoÊ¶mgmR>r Ho$di {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ Am{U amoJZmeHo$ ¶mda {dg§~yZ Z amhVm {Z¶§ÌUmÀ¶m BVa nrH$ nÕVrMm Adb§~
H$éZ EH$mpË‘H$ nrH$ g§ajU VËd A‘bmV AmUmdo. Or {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ / amoJZmeHo$ ~§X H$aÊ¶mV Ambobr AmhoV Ë¶m§Mm
dmna eoVH$è¶m§Zr H$é Z¶o. VgoM H$mhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§À¶m dmnamda R>am{dH$ qnH$mgmR>r ‘¶m©Xm/ ~§Xr KmVbobr Amho.
CXm. {‘{Wb n°am°{WAm°Z 50 B.gr. d 2 ^wH$Q>r ’$io Am{U ^mOrnmë¶mda dmnê$ Z¶o. ‘moZmoH«$moQ>mo’$m°g 36 Eg.Eb.
gwÕm ^mOrnmë¶mda dmnamgmR>r ‘¶m©Xm KmVbobr Amho. ’$³V {nH$mdarb AË¶§V KmVH$ {H$S>tMo Am{U amoJm§Mo {Z¶§ÌU
doirM Ho$bo Va CËnmXZmV hmoUmar ‘moR>r KQ> Q>miVm ¶oVo. H¥$fr Xe©Zr‘Yrb {H$S>tÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmMo doimnÌH$mMm Adb§~
H$amdm.
‘hmamï´>mVrb Adf©UàdU joÌmV H$m¶©j‘ Am{U n¶m©daUmg nyaH$ Aem H$aS>B©darb ‘mdm {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r 1 Q>¸o$
qZ~moir Vob qH$dm 5 Q>¸o$ qZ~moir AH$m©Mr n{hbr ’$dmaUr àmXþ^m©d {XgVmjUr Am{U Ë¶mZ§Va Xþgar ’$dmaUr 15
{Xdgm§Zr H$amdr AWdm H$aS>B© {nH$mdarb ‘mdm {H$S>rMo à^mdr d n¶m©daU gwa{jV {Z¶§ÌU Am{U A{YH$ CËnmXZ
{‘idÊ¶mgmR>r XenUu ¶m dZnñVrOÝ¶ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr n{hbr ’$dmaUr noaUrZ§Va 40 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr d Xþgar 55 Vo
60 {Xdgm§Zr H$amdr qH$dm XmoÝhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr àË¶oH$s EH$ ’$dmaUr AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z H$amdr.
H$aS>B© {nH$mg ‘w»¶V… ‘mdm {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d hmoVmo. H$aS>BMr noaUr gßQ>o§~aÀ¶m Xþgè¶m n§YadS>çmV H$obr AgVm
¶m {H$S>rMm àmXþ^m©d ~è¶mM A§er H$‘r hmoVmo. nyduÀ¶m {e’$maerZwgma ¶m {H$S>rÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r ‘mdm {XgyZ
Amë¶mZ§Va S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 30 àdmhr 15 {‘br 10 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘giyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr qH$dm Z{dZ {e’$maerZwgma
H$aS>B©darb ‘mì¶mÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r A°{g’o$Q> 75 Eg.nr. 16 J«°‘ àVr 10 {bQ>a nmUr ¶m à‘mUo H$amdr AWdm XmoÝhr
{H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr àË¶oH$s EH$ ’$dmaUr AmbQy>Z nmbQy>Z H$amdr.
H$aS>B© {nH$mÀ¶m nmZm§darb AëQ>aZo[a¶m H$anm amoJmÀ¶m à^mdr Am{U {H$’$m¶Vera {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r n{hbr ’$dmaUr
noaUrZ§Va 40 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr Am{U Xþgar 55 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Zr amoJmMm àmXþ^m©d {XgVmM H$m~©oÝS>°{P‘ 12 Q>¸o$ A{YH$
‘°ÝH$moPo~ 63 Q>¸o$ ho {H«$¶merb KQ>H$ AgUmè¶m g§¶wº$ ~waerZmeH$mMr 0.2 Q>¸o$ Vrd«VoÀ¶m ÐmdUmMr (20 J«°‘ àVr 10
{bQ>a nmUr) ’$dmaUr H$amdr. Ë¶m§ZVa Amdí¶H$Vm Agë¶mg Xþgar ’$dmaUr 15 {Xdgm§Zr H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV
¶oV Amho.
23) n¶m©¶r nrH$ ¶moOZm… H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr‘Ü¶o 22.5 g|.‘r. Imobrn¶ªVÀ¶m O{‘ZrV, hþbJm, ‘Q>H$s, ~mOar, BË¶mXr {nHo$
Iarn h§Jm‘mV ’$m¶Xoera hmoV ZmhrV. Aem O{‘ZrgmR>r n¶m©¶r nrH$ nÕVr (CXm. dZHw$aUr¶ eoVr, H$moaS>dmhÿ ’$iPmS>o
CXm ~moa, {gVm’$i, H$dR>, S>mqi~, Amdim, Om§^wi BË¶mXr) H$moaS>dmhÿ ’$iPmS>m§Mr bmJdS> H$aUo ’$m¶Xoera R>aVo.
hb³¶m O{‘ZrV ~moamMr bmJdS> 20 x 5 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda H$éZ ~moarÀ¶m XmoZ AmoirV gwédmVrg ~mOar + Vya (2…1)
Am§VanrH$ KoUo ’$m¶ÚmMo R>aVo. VgoV nO©Ý¶ {d^mJ H«$. 4 (gmobmnya, bmVya, Cñ‘mZm~mX, Ywio, OiJm§d, ZJa, ~rS>,
Am¡a§Jm~mX) ‘Yrb 25 g|.‘r. ImobrÀ¶m O{‘Zrda ~moamMr bmJdS> 10 x 10 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda H$éZ Ë¶m‘Ü¶o ~moarMr
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 191

Mm§Jbr dmT> hmoB©n¶ªV ~mOar + Vya (2…1) VgoM gbJ ~mOar qH$dm gbJ ~moa + ñQ>m¶bmo qH$dm ~moa +
~mOar KoUo ’$m¶Xoera {XgyZ Ambo Amho. VgoM hb³¶m CWi O{‘ZrV gw~m^yi + ‘madob 8 JdVmMr bmJdS> H$amdr.
¶m dZeoVr nÕVrV gmV dfm©Z§Va B§YZmgmR>r EH$ AmS> EH$ PmS> VmoS>mdo. ’$iPmS>m§‘Ü¶o gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV hþbJm,
‘Q>H$s, eodJm BË¶mXr d JdV ñQ>m¶bmo, A§OZ, ndZm, ‘madob Aer Am§VanrHo$ KoVë¶mg CËnmXZm‘Ü¶o pñWaVm ¶oVo.
‘hmamï´>mVrb Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb ‘Ü¶‘ ImobrÀ¶m O{‘Zrda emœV CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$ ’$m¶Xm
{‘iÊ¶mgmR>r 8 x 8 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda Amdù¶mMr ñWm{ZH$ amono bmdyZ Ë¶mda gwYm[aV Amdim dmUmMr H$b‘o H$amdr
Am{U bmJdS> Ho$boë¶m Amdù¶mÀ¶m XmoZ amonm§‘Ü¶o eod½¶m§Mr (nrHo$E‘-2) 8 x 8 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda H$amdr. Amdim
+ eod½¶mÀ¶m nÅ>¶m‘Ü¶o bmJdS>rnmgyZ Xadfu Am§VanrH$ åhUyZ ~mOar + Vya (2…1) qH$dm gy¶©’y$b + Vya (2…1) ¶m
{nH$mMr noaUr H$amdr Am{U 5 ì¶m dfu Amdù¶mÀ¶m A{YH$ ì¶mnmar CËnmXZmgmR>r eod½¶mMr PmS>o H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
24) Km¶nmVmMr bmJdS> … Adf©UàdU {d^mJmVrb nO©Ý¶ {d^mJ H«$. 4 (Cñ‘mZm~mX, gmobmnya, bmVya, ~rS>, ZJa,
Am¡aJm§~mX, Ywio, OiJm§d) ‘Yrb hb³¶m O{‘ZrV (22.5 g|.‘r. Imobrn¶ªV) Km¶nmVmMr 2 x
1 ‘r. A§Vamda bmJdS> Ho$ë¶mg {Vgè¶m dfm©Z§Va à{V ho³Q>ar à{V dfu 6 Q>Z {haì¶m nmZmMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo d Ë¶mnmgyZ
3 Vo 3.5 {³d§Q>b dmI {‘iVmo. VgoM Km¶nmVm‘Ü¶o ñQ>m¶bmo JdV Am§VanrH$ åhUyZ KoVë¶mg VrZ Vo Mma H$mnÊ¶m‘Ü¶o
à{Vho³Q>ar AmR> Vo Xhm Q>Z Amoë¶m Mmè¶mMo CËnmXZ Xadfu {‘iVo.
25) O¡{dH$ ~m§Y … O{‘ZrÀ¶m CVmamZwgma g‘nmVirV 16 Vo 18 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda gw~mîrMo O¡{dH$ ~m§Y KmVbo AgVm
O{‘ZrMr Yyn H$‘r hmoVo. O{‘ZrMm nmoV gwYmaVmo, O{‘ZrV Amobmdm {Q>Hy$Z amhÿZ CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo. Aem ~m§Ymdarb
gw~m^wirMm {hadm nmbm d H$modù¶m ’$m§Úm à{V ho³Q>ar 5 ‘o. Q>Z O{‘ZrV ~odS> Ho$ë¶mg O{‘ZrVrb ZÌmMo à‘mU 25
{H$bmo à{V ho³Q>ar dmT>ë¶mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m Adf©UàdU {d^mJ H«$. 1 d 4 ‘Ü¶‘ ImobrÀ¶m 2 Q>¸o$ CVmamÀ¶m O{‘Zrda Obg§YmaUmgmR>r, aã~r
ÁdmarÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Am{U gmo¶rñH$a ‘emJVrgmR>r 15 Vo 30 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda g‘nmVirV ‘Ðmg A§OZ
JdVmÀ¶m 15 go‘r A§Vamda VrZ AmoirÀ¶m O¡{dH$ ~m§YmMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
26) OrdmUy IVo> … noaUrnydu ~mOarÀ¶m {~¶mÊ¶mg A°Pmoñnrarb‘ / A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a d nr.Eg.~r. ho OrdmUy IV Mmoimdo.
noaUrÀ¶m doir aã~r ÁdmarÀ¶m 10 {H$bmo {~¶mUmg A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a d nr. Eg. ~r. àË¶oH$s 250 J°«‘ à{V ho³Q>ar OrdmUy
IV MmoiyZ Ë¶m~amo~a ho³Q>ar 30 {H$bmo ZÌ {Xbo AgVm CËnmXZmV ârd dmT> hmoVo d ho³Q>ar 20 {H$bmo ZÌmMr ~MV
hmoVo.
27) eoVVir> … EHw$U nmdgmÀ¶m 20 Vo 40 Q>¸o$ nmUr O{‘ZrÀ¶m n¥ð>^mJmdéZ dmhÿZ OmVo. Aem n[apñWVrV nmUbmoQ>
joÌmV ¶mo½¶ {R>H$mUr eoVVir ImoXÿZ Ago dmhÿZ OmUmao nmUr eoVVù¶mV gmR>dmdo. eoVVio nmUbmoQ> joÌmÀ¶m ImobJQ>
^mJmV ImoXmdo. C§MdQ>çmÀ¶m O{‘ZrdéZ dmhÿZ OmUmao nmUr eoVVù¶mH$S>o di{dÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mo½¶ {R>H$mUr JdVmMo añVo
H$amdo Aem àH$mao eoVmVrb dmhÿZ OmUmao nmUr d ‘mVr eoVVù¶mV O‘m hmoVo. JmimÀ¶m ‘mVr‘Ü¶o nrH$ nmofH$ AÞÐì¶o
AgVmV. Aer ‘mVr eoV O{‘ZrV Q>mH$ë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrVo ^m¡{VH$ d amgm¶{ZH$ JwUY‘© gwYmaVmV. eoVVù¶mVrb nmUr
aã~r Ádmarg EH$ g§ajH$ nmUr åhUyZ {Xë¶mg CËnmXZmV 50 Vo 60 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoVo.
28) _hmamï´>mVrb Adf©U àdU {d^mJmVrb _Ü` Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrMr gw{nH$Vm, Am{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U Am{W©H$
\$m`ÚmgmR>r H$moaS>dmhÿ Vya {nH$mg 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX 1 Q>Z Hw$O{dboë`m àog_S> _YwZ EH$ _{hZm noaUrnydu Am{U 25 J«°_
am`Pmo{~`_ d ñ\w$aX {daKi{dUmao {OdmUy àËòH$s 1 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg {~Oà{H«$`m H$ê$Z hoŠQ>ar 25 {H$bmo ñ\w$aX d
25 {H$bmo ZÌ amgm`{ZH$ IVm_YyZ noaUrÀ`mdoir XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
192Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

ObqgMZ, nmUr ì¶dñWmnZ d {ZMam àUmbr
{nH$mg nmdgmnmgyZ {‘iUmè`m nmÊ`mì`{V[aº$ nwaH$ åhUyZ {Xboë`m nmÊ`mg qgMZ Ago g§~moYVmV. nmUr {nH$mg
Úmd`mMo AgVo, nU O‘rZ ‘mÜ`‘ Agë`m‘wio O{‘Zrg Úmdo bmJVo. åhUyZM nmÊ`mÀ`m nmirV O{‘ZrÀ`m
ObYmaUeº$sà‘mUo Amdí`H$ VodT>oM nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
gd©gmYmaUnUo O{‘ZrVrb CnbãY nmÊ`mn¡H$s {Zå‘o nmUr {ZKwZ OmB©n`ªV {nH$mg VmU nS>V Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio CËnmXZmda
{dn[aV n[aUm‘ hmoV Zmhr. åhUyZ ‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV àËòH$ nmirV 8 g|.‘r. nmUr Úmdo bmJob. Imob H$mù`m O{‘ZrV àËòH$
nmirV 10 g|.‘r. Va CWi O{‘ZrV 6 g|.‘r. nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ hmoB©b. CWi O{‘ZrV ObYmaUeº$s nojm OmñV Pmbobo
nmUr JwéËdH$f©UmÀ`m Xm~mZo {ZKyZ OmVo, Va Imob H$mù`m O{‘ZrV EImXo doir nmUr H$‘r nS>Ê`mMr eŠ`Vm AgVo. åhUyZ
{nH$m§Zm nmUr XoÊ`mMr Imobr R>a{dVmZm O{‘ZrMr CnbãY ObYmaUeº$s VgoM {nH$mMr AdñWm {dMmamV KoUo Amdí`H$
Amho. `mM H$maUm_wio ^mar O{_ZrV nmÊ`mÀ`m nmirVrb A§Va ho OmñV AgVo, Va CWi O{_ZrV H$_r AgVo.
{nH$m§Zm nmUr XoÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr
O{‘ZrÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmdê$Z {nH$m§Zm nmUr XoÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` àH$maMr amZ~m§YUr H$aUo JaOoMo R>aVo. amZ~m§YUr Ho$ë`m‘wio
eoVm‘Üò gd© {R>H$mUr g‘à‘mUmV nmUr ~gÊ`mg ‘XV hmoD$Z {nH$mMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo, nmÊ`mMm Anì`` Q>iVmo. O{‘ZrMr
Yyn H$‘r hmoVo. nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r nrH$ d O{‘ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma amZ~m§YUr H$aUo `mo½` R>aVo. O{‘ZrÀ`m
amZ~m§YUrMm CVma d nmÊ`mMm àdmh `m~m~VrV ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar òWo Pmboë`m g§emoYZmMo {ZîH$f©
nwT>rbà‘mUo AmhoV.
Vº$m H«$. 1 amZ ~m§YUrMo àH$ma d Ë`mMr d¡{eîQ>ço
A. amZ~m§YUrMm gd©gmYmaU ‘mno O{‘ZrMm nmÊ`mMm gd©gmYmaU {nHo$
Z§. àH$ma Tmi àdmh
1. dm\o$ nÕV 2 Vo 4 ‘r.é§Xr 0.6% nojm 6 {bQ>a à{V goH§$X H$S>YmÝò, AÞYmÝò, Vob{~`m-
H ‘r H$mngm ì`{V[aº$ \$iPmS>o, ^mOrnmbm
2. gmao nÕV 2 Vo 3 ‘r. ê§$Xr 0.6% nojm 2 {bQ>a/ Ádmar, ~mOar, H$S>YmÝò, AÞYmÝò,
40-60 ‘r.bm§~r H$‘r goH§$X/‘r./é§Xr Vob{~`m
3. gar da§~m 0.6 Vo 1.0 0.6% 1 {bQ>a/ H$oir, D$g, H$nmer, ZJXr {nHo$
nÕV ‘r.é§Xr 60 Vo bm§~r nojm goH§$X/gar
100 ‘r.bm§~r H$‘r
4. Amio nÕV 2 Vo 3 ‘r. ì`mg 0.6% nojm 6 {bQ>a/goH§$X nyU© dmT>rÀ`m AdñWon`ªV \$iPmS>o
H$‘r
5. g‘nmVirV H«$.1 Vo 3 à‘mUo d¡{eîQ>ço
amZ~m§YUr
qgMZmÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ nÕVr
O{‘ZrVrb nmUr Am{U hdm `m§Mo ‘wim§À`m dmT>rÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ AZÝ`gmYmaU ‘hÎd Amho. qgMZm‘Üò O{‘ZrVrb
nmÊ`mMr nmVir H$m`‘ñdénr dmnemg R>odÊ`mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo, Va Amdí`H$ VodT>o nmUr `mo½` doir
XoÊ`mgmR>r Vwfma qgMZmMm dmna H$aVm òVmo. {R>~H$ Am{U Vwfma qgMZm‘Üò nmÊ`mMr AZwH«$‘o (XmoÝhrhr nÕVrZo O‘rZ
gnmQ>rH$aUmMr Amdí`H$Vm ZgyZ) 40 Vo 50 Q>¸o$ Am{U 30 Vo 35 Q>¸o$ ~MV hmoD$Z A{YH$ joÌ nmÊ`mImbr òD$ eH$Vo.
Vwfma / \$dmam qgMZ
`m nÕVrV nmÊ`mÀ`m gmR>çmnmgyZ BbopŠQ´>H$ ‘moQ>ma Am{U n§nmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo CMbbbo nmUr A°ë`y{‘Zr`‘ qH$dm
EMS>rnrB© ßb°pñQ>H$ nmB©nÀ`mÛmao eoVmV ngabo OmVo. XmoZ CnZù`mVrb Am{U ZmoPb‘Yrb A§Va gd©gmYmaUnUo 1212 ‘r.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 193

AgVo. ZmoPb‘YyZ ~mhoa nS>Umam \$dmam gd©gmYmaUV… 1280 Vo 1800 brQ>a/Vmg d ZmoPbOdi nmÊ`mda AgUmam Xm~
gd©gmYmaUV… à{VMm¡ag g|.‘r. 2 Vo 3.50 {H$bmoJ«°‘ AgVmo, Ë`m‘wio ZmoPb‘YyZ nmUr \$dmaUrMm doJ à{V Vmgr 1.0 Vo 1.5
g|.‘r. amhVmo.
{R>~H$ qgMZ
{R>~H$ qgMZmMm AmamIS>m ~Z{dVmZm O‘rZ, nmUr Am{U nrH$ `m ~m~rH$S>o H$Q>mjmZo bj XoUo JaOoMo Amho VgoM
O{‘ZrMm àH$ma åhUOo CWi (30 g|.‘r.), ‘Ü`‘ (60 g|.‘r.) Am{U Imob (90 g|.‘r.) VgoM nmUr YmaUeº$s, CnbãY
nmUr, nmUr {OaÊ`mMm doJ, B. ~m~tMr ‘m{hVr AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. nmÊ`mMr àV Ë`m‘Üò {daKiboë`m jmam§da Adb§~yZ
AgVo. nmÊ`mMm gm‘y, {dÚwV dmhH$Vm, gmo{S>`‘, bmoh Am{U ~moam°ZMo à‘mU VnmgZo Amdí`H$ Amho. Á`m {nH$mgmR>r {R>~H$
qgMZ ~gdmd`mMo Amho Ë`m {nH$mMr nmÊ`mMr JaO, XmoZ AmoirVrb Am{U XmoZ PmS>mVrb A§Va VgoM {nH$mÀ`m ZmOyH$
AdñWm nhmUo Amdí`H$ Amho. hbH$s qH$dm CWi O‘rZ Agë`mg nmUr XaamoO Úmdo d ‘Ü`‘ Vo Imob O{‘ZrV nmUr EH$
{XdgmAmS> Úmdo. Ë`m‘wio O{‘ZrVrb hdm d nmUr `m§Mo g§VwbZ amhVo. `m g§VwbZm‘wio O{‘ZrVrb gyú‘ {Odm§Mr dmT> hmoD$Z
IVmMo CnbãY ñdénmV énm§Va hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. ‘wim§Mr dmT> Omo‘Xma hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV bjUr` dmT> {XgyZ òVo.
O{‘ZrÀ`m àH$mamZwgma {R>~H$ qgMZmnmgyZ nmUr ngaÊ`mMr {H«$`m
CWi O‘rZ (dmbwH$‘`) … nmUr VmoQ>rnmgyZ gw‘mao 15 Vo 20 g|.‘r. XmoÝhr ~mOyg ngaVo. EH$m VmoQ>r‘wio gw‘mao 700
Mm¡.go§.‘r. joÌ Amobo hmoB©b. na§Vw Imobr H$‘r Agë`m‘wio ImbÀ`m WamV Vo ngaUma Zmhr.
O{‘ZrVrb {ÔUmè`m Jmoù`mg JmOa qH$dm ‘wù`m§Mm AmH$ma òB©b.
‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ … VmoQ>rnmgyZ nmUr XmoÝhr ~mOyg gw‘mao 30 Vo 35 g|.‘r. ngaVo. EH$m VmoQ>r‘wio gw‘mao 2900
Mm¡. g|.‘r. qH$dm 0.29 Mm¡.‘r. joÌ Amobo hmoB©b. ImobrZwgma Ë`mg bm§~S>çm nnB©gmaIm
AmH$ma òB©b
Imob H$mir O‘rZ … VmoQ>r nmgyZ nmUr XmoÝhr ~mOyg gw‘mao 55-60 g|.‘r. ngaVo. EH$m VmoQ>r‘wio gw‘mao 1.10
Mm¡.‘r. joÌmda nmUr ngaVo. ImobrZwgma Ë`mMm AmH$ma H$m§ÚmgmaIm òVmo. EH$m doiog {Xboë`m
EHy$U nmÊ`mZwgma O{‘ZrVrb Amobmì`mMm AmH$ma ~XbVmo.
CgmgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ
A) OmoS> Amoi nÕV
OmoS>Amoi V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r O{‘ZrMm àH$ma nmhÿZ gmYmaUV… AS>rM Vo VrZ \w$Q> é§X garda§~m nÕV A‘bm§V AmUmdr.
gbJ XmoZ gè`m§‘Üò CgmMr gw‘mao 25 Vo 30 g|.‘r. da EH$ S>moim ~oÊ`mMr bmJdS> H$ê$Z Z§Va EH$ gar ‘moH$ir
gmoS>mdr åhUOo bmJU Ho$boë`m XmoZ gè`m‘Yrb da§ã`mda CnZù`m R>odyZ nmÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b. XmoZ bJVÀ`m
CnZù`m‘Yrb A§Va 2.25 Vo 2.70 ‘r. Agob.CnZirda VmoQ>çmVrb A§Va ‘Ü`‘ Vo Imob O{‘ZrV 60 Vo 90 g|.‘r. n`ªV
Agy eH$Vo. OmoS>AmoirVrb ‘moH$ù`m OmJo‘YyZ D$g XmoÝhr ~mOyg aobÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. OoUoH$ê$Z bmoiÊ`mMr {H«$`m
H$‘rV H$‘r hmoD$Z CnZirdarb VmoQ>çm§Mr XoI^mb H$aUo eŠ` hmoVo.
~) gmoS> Amoi nÕV qH$dm Mma Amoi nÕV
`m{edm` D$gmbm {R>~H$ qgMZ ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r D$gmMr gmoS>Amoi nÕVrZo gwÕm bmJdS> H$aVmV. gmoS>Amoi nÕV
åhUOo Mma AmoitZ§Va EH$ Amoi gmoS>Uo hmo`. `m nÕVrV gè`m§Mr é§Xr 90 g|.‘r. R>odbr OmVo. gbJ Mma gè`m§‘Üò D$g
bmJU H$ê$Z Z§Va EH$ gar ‘moH$ir R>odyZ nwÝhm Mma gè`m§‘Üò D$g bmJU Ho$br OmVo. àËòH$ XmoZ AmoitgmR>r EH$ CnZirMr
ì`dñWm H$amdr bmJVo d Ë`mda 75 g|.‘r. A§Vamda VmoQ>çm ~g{dë`m OmVmV. `m nÕVrV D$g dmT>ë`mZ§Va H$S>oÀ`m XmoZ
AmoitÀ`m AmVrb D$g gai dmT>Vmo d Ë`mg XmoÝhr ~mOyH$Sy>Z AmYma {‘iVmo. Ë`m‘wio D$g bmoiV Zmhr. `m nÕVrV XmoZ d
Mma AmoirÀ`m nQ²>Q>çmV 1.8 ‘r. d XmoZ CnZù`m‘Yrb gamgar A§Va 2.70 ‘r. amhVo. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ nmUr XoVmZm
Ë`m Ë`m {d^mJmVrb hdm‘mZ {dMmamV KoD$Z XaamoOMr nmÊ`mMr JaO H$mT>br OmVo. gmYmaUV… {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ EH$
{XdgmAmS> nmUr XoÊ`mMr {e\$mag Ho$br OmVo.
194Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ D$gmgmR>r nmÊ`m~amo~a {dÐmì` IVm§Mm dmna Ho$bm AgVm IV dmna j‘Vm bjUr`[aË`m
dmTy>Z IV ‘mÌoV ~MV hmoD$Z CËnmXZmVhr dmT> Pmë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. D$gmMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U A{YH$ Am{W©H$
’$m`Xm {‘iÊ`mgmR>r {e’$maerV ‘mÌoÀ`m 80% {dÐmì` IVo Imbrb VŠË`mZwgma Xa AmR>dS>çmg EH$ `mà‘mUo 26 hßË`mV
{R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ {Xë`mZo D$g CËnmXZmV 27.26 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoD$Z IVm§À`m ‘mÌoV 20 Q>¸o$ ~MV hmoVo.
Vº$m H«$. 2 D$gmgmR>r {R>~H$Ûmao Úmd`mÀ`m {dÐmì` IVm§Mo doimnÌH$
AmRdSo ZÌ ({H$./ho.) ñ’w$aX ({H$./ho.) nmbme ({H$./ho.)
1-4 AmR>dS>o 30 09 09
5-9 AmR>dS>o 70 32 14
10-20 AmR>dS>o 100 51 32
21-26 AmR>dS>o - - 37
EHy$U 200 92 92
D$gmgmR>r nO©Ý` VmoQ>r (aoZJZ) d Vwfma qgMZ

{R>~H$ qgMZmÀ`m VwbZoV nO©Ý` VmoQ>r (aoZJZ) d Vwfma qgMZ nÕVtMm ^m§S>db d XoI^mbrMm IM© AË`ën
Agë`m‘wio VgoM øm nÕVrMr hmVmiUr gmonr d gwQ>gwQ>rV Agë`mZo D$gmgmR>r aoZJZ d Vwfma qgMZ dmnaÊ`mMr {e\$mag
H$aÊ`mV òV Amho.
`m nÕVrÀ`m dmnamgmR>r D$gmMr bmJdS> da Z‘yX Ho$boë`m H$moUË`mhr nÕVrZo Ho$br Var Mmby eH$Vo. nO©Ý` VmoQ>r
(aoZJZ) nÕVr‘Üò XmoZ ZmoPb‘Yrb A§Va ho n§nmÀ`m Aídeº$sZwgma d aoZJZÀ`m àH$mamZwgma 20 Vo 40 ‘rQ>a R>odVm òVo Va
Vwfma qgMZ nÕVr‘Üò 12 Vo 18 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda ZmoPb ~g{dÊ`mV òVmV. `m XmoÝhrhr nÕVrV 35 {‘.‘r. ~mînr^dZ
Pmë`mZ§Va åhUOoM CÝhmù`mV 4 Vo 5 {XdgmZ§Va, nmdgmù`mV 7 Vo 8 {XdgmZ§Va Va {hdmù`mV 8 Vo 10 {XdgmZ§Va
{nH$mÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoZwgma àËòH$ nmirg 2 Vo 4 Vmg nmUr XoUo JaOoMo AgVo.
D$gmgmR>r nO©Ý` VmoQ>r (aoZJZ) qH$dm Vwfma qgMZ nÕV dmnabr AgVm CËnmXZmV 10 Vo 15 Q>¸o$ dmT> d 25 Vo 33 Q>¸o$
nmÊ`mMr ~MV AmT>iyZ Ambr Amho.
Ho$irgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ
A) OmoS> Amoi nÕV
Ho$ir {nH$mg {R>~H$ qgMZ bmdm`Mo Agë`mg bmJdS> nÕVrV ~Xb H$aUo \$m`ÚmMo Amho. OmoS>Amoi nÕVr‘Üò
eoVm‘Üò 90 g|.‘r. A§Vamda Q´>°ŠQ>aÀ`m ghmæ`mZo gè`m nmS>mì`mV. Ë`mZ§Va XmoZ gè`m§‘Üò Ho$irMr amono 1.5 ‘r. A§Vamda
bmdmdrV d Ë`m XmoZ gè`m‘Yrb da§~m gnmQ> H$ê$Z d bJVÀ`m gè`m§Zm â XoD$Z JmXr dm\$m V`ma H$amdm. Ë`mZ§Va XmoZ
Amoir‘Üò CnZù`m Q>mHy$Z Ë`mda 1.5 ‘r. A§Vamda VmoQ>çm ~gdmì`mV. AemàH$mao XmoZ AmoitgmR>r \$º$ EH$M CnZir d
XmoZ g‘moamg‘moarb amonm§gmR>r EH$M VmoQ>r dmnê$Z CnZù`m d VmoQ>çm§À`m IMm©V {Zå`mZo ~MV H$aVm òVo. darbà‘mUo XmoZ
gè`mV Ho$irMr bmJdS> Ho$ë`mZ§Va nwÝhm XmoZ gè`m [aH$må`m gmoS>mì`mV d Z§Va bJVÀ`m gè`m‘Üò nwÝhm Ho$irMr bmJdS>
H$amdr. AemàH$mao XmoZ CnZù`m§‘Üò 3.6 ‘r. Va XmoZ OmoS>AmoirVrb 2.7 ‘r. BVHo$ A§Va amhVo. `m nÕVrMo d¡{eîQ>ço åhUOo
XmoZ Amoit‘Üò Q´>°ŠQ>a qH$dm ~¡b dmnê$Z Am§Va‘emJV H$aVm òD$Z IMm©Vhr ~MV H$aVm òVo.
~) gbJ bmJdS> nÕV
Zoh‘rÀ`m nÕVrZo (1.51.5 ‘r.) Ho$irMr bmJdS> Ho$br AgVm àËòH$ AmoirgmR>r EH$ CnZir d àËòH$ PmS>mgmR>r
EH$ VmoQ>r Úmdr bmJV Agë`m‘wio {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r gwédmVrMm OmoS> Amoi nÕVrnojm 15-20 hOma énò
OmñV IM© H$amdm bmJVmo. na§Vw Zoh‘rÀ`m nÕVrV à{V hoŠQ>ar 7 Vo 8 Q>Z CËnmXZ OmñV {‘iVo d {R>~H$ nÕVrgmR>r H$amdm
bmJUmam A{V[aº$ IM© ^ê$Z {ZKVmo. åhUyZ `m Zoh‘rÀ`m 1.51.5 ‘r. A§Vamdarb bmJdS> nÕVrMr {R>~H$Imbrb
Ho$irgmR>r {e\$mag H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
Ho$irgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ Úmd`mÀ`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ‘mÌm àMbrV bmJdS> nÕVrgmR>r Vº$m H«$‘m§H$ 5 ‘Üò XoÊ`mV
Amboë`m AmhoV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 195
Ho$irgmR>r gwÜXm {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVwZ {dÐmì¶ IVm§À¶m ‘mÌm {Xë¶m AgVm 39 Q>³³¶m§n¶ªV CËnmXZm‘Ü¶o dmT> d 20
Q>³Ho$ IVm§Mr ~MV Pmë¶mMo AmT>iwZ Ambobo Amho. Ho$irMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ Am{U nmÊ¶mÀ¶m d IVm§À¶m H$m¶©j‘ dmnamgmR>r
{e’$maerV IV ‘mÌoÀ¶m (200…40…200 ZÌ ñ’y$aX nmbme J«°‘/PmS>) 80 Q>³Ho$ IVo {dÐmì¶ ñdénmV 18 hßË¶mV
n§YadS²>¶mÀ¶m A§VamZo V³Vm H«$.3 à‘mUo {Xë¶mZo 39 Q>³³¶m§n¶ªV CËnmXZm‘Ü¶o dmT> d 20 Q>³Ho$ IVm§Mr ~MV Pmë¶mMo
AmT>iwZ Ambobo Amho.
Vº$m H«$.3 Ho$irgmR>r {R>~H$Ûmao Úmd¶mÀ¶m {dÐmì¶ IVm§Mo doimnÌH$
‘{hZo ZÌ (%) ñ’w$aX (%) nmbme (%)
n{hbo 2 ‘{hZo (4 hßVo) 15 30 10
3-4 ‘{hZo (4 hßVo) 40 50 20
5-6 ‘{hZo (4 hßVo) 25 20 25
7-8 ‘{hZo (4 hßVo) 20 - 30
9 ‘{hZo (2 hßVo) - - 15
H$nmergmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ

g§H$[aV dmUm§gmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕV Adb§~VmZm ‘Ü`‘ O{‘ZrV XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 75 g|.‘r. R>odmdo d XmoZ
PmS>mVrb A§Va 75 g|.‘r. R>oD$Z XmoZ AmoitÀ`m‘Üò EH$ CnZir Q>mH$mdr. XmoZ PmS>m§gmR>r EH$ VmoQ>r 75 g|.‘r. A§Vamda
bmdmdr. `mV XmoZ OmoS> AmoirVrb A§Va 150 g|.‘r. AgVo Va XmoZ CnZù`m§‘Üò A§Va 225 g|.‘r. AgVo. ^mar O{‘ZrV
g§H$[aV dmU dmnaVmZm XmoZ AmoirV 90 g|.‘r. A§Va R>odmdo. XmoZ PmS>mVrb A§Va 90 qH$dm 120 g|.‘r. R>odmdo d VmoQ>r 90
qH$dm 120 g|.‘r. A§Vamda bmdmdr. `mV XmoZ OmoS>AmoirV 180 g|.‘r. Va XmoZ CnZù`m§‘Üò 270 g|.‘r. A§Va AgVo.
VgoM ~rQ>r H$nmerMo A{YH$ d CËnÞ d Am{W©H$ ’$m`Xm {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r H$nmerMr bmJdS> OmoS> Amoi nÕVrZo
0.75 - 1.50 x 0.75 ‘r. A§Vamda H$ê$Z {e’$magr IVmÀ`m 75% IVo {dÐmì` ñdénmV Imbrb VŠË`mà‘mUo 13
AmR>dS>çmÀ`m hâË`mVyZ {Xë`mZo CËnmXZmV 43.5 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªV dmT> hmoD$Z IVm§À`m ‘mÌoV 25 Q>¸o$ ~MV hmoVo.
Vº$m H«$.4 H$mngmgmR>r {R>~H$Ûmao Úmd`mÀ`m {dÐmì` IVm§Mo doimnÌH$
bmJdS>rZ§VaMm H$mbmdYr ({Xdg) ZÌ ({H$./ho.) ñ’w$aX ({H$./ho) nmbme ({H$./ho.)
10-30 (3 há) 18 09 05
31-65 (5 háo) 36 22 18
66-100 (5 háo) 36 14 22
EHy$U 90 45 45
BVahr gd© \$i{nH$m§gmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmMm dmna {H$\$m`Vera AmT>iyZ Ambobm Amho. g§Í`mgmR>r Am{U
S>mqi~mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕV>Ûmao>Úmd`mÀ`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ‘mÌm Vº$m H«$. 8 ‘Üò {Xboë`m AmhoV. S>mit~ {nH$mgmR>r
Amdí`H$ IVm§À`m ‘mÌm (625…250…250 J«°‘ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme à{V PmS>) {dÐmì` ñdénmVrb IVm§‘YyZ 7
{XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo 20 g‘mZ hßË`mV {Xë`m AgVm CËnmXZmV 11 Q>¸o$ dmT> d IV ‘mÌoV 30 Q>¸o$ ~MV Pmë`mMr
AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
196Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ
^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmMm dmna Ho$bm AgVm 45 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV nmUr ~MV d 15-25 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZmV dmT>
Pmë`mMo AmT>ibobo Amho. VgoM {nH$m§Mr bjUr`[aË`m gwYmaUm Pmë`m‘wio Mm§Jbm ~mOma^md {‘iyZ Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm
dmT>Vmo. na§Vw, ^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M dmnamd`mMm Agë`mg {nH$mÀ`m bmJdS> nÕVr‘Üò WmoS>mgm ~Xb
H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. gd© gmYmaUnUo gbJ bmJdS> H$aÊ`mnojm OmoS> Amoi nÕVrMm dmna Ho$bm AgVm Am§Va ‘emJV,
VmoS>Ur, \$dmaUr BË`mXr H$m‘o gwb^VoZo H$aVm òVmV d ‘hÎdmMo åhUOo {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmÀ`m IMm©V 30-40 Q>¸o$ ~MV
hmoVo. {‘aMrgmR>r {dÐmì` IVm§Mm dmna 7 {XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo 14 g‘mZ hßË`mV {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ Ho$bm
AgVm CËnmXZm‘Üò 11 Q>¸o$ dmT> Pmë`mMo VgoM 30 Q>¸o$ ZÌmMr d 20 Q>¸o$ ñ\w$aX Am{U nmbme IVmMr ~MV Pmë`mMo
AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. g§H$arV Q>mo‘°Q>mogmR>r {e’$magrV ‘mÌoÀ`m 80% IVo (240…120…120 {H$./ho., ZÌ … ñ’w$aX … nmbme)
{dÐmì` ñdénmV nwZ©bmJdS>rZ§Va AmR>dS>çmÀ`m A§VamZo 14 g‘mZ hßË`mV {R>~H$Ûmao {Xbr AgVm 40 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªV CËnmXZmV
dmT> hmoD$Z IVm§À`m ‘mÌoV 20 Q>¸o$ ~MV Pmë`mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho. VgoM H$m§Xm {~¶mÊ¶mg A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$
’$m¶Xm, nmUr d AÞÐì¶m§À¶m H$m¶©j‘ dmnamgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ nrH$ ~mînnUm©oËgO©ZmÀ¶m 90 Q>¸o$ nmUr Xa {XdgmAmS>
d {dÐmì¶ AÞÐì¶mMr ‘mÌm (120…60…60 ZÌ, ñ’y$aX d nmbme {H$bmo /ho³Q>ar) bmJdS>rnmgwZ Xhm g‘mZ hßË¶mV EH$
AmR>dS>çmÀ¶m A§VamZo {Xbr AgVm 39 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZmV dmT> Pmë¶mMo AmT>ibobo Amho.
Qrn …- {d{dY {nH$m§gmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZ g§Mm‘YyZ Úmd`mÀ`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ‘mÌm R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r amhþar òWyZ Pmbobo
1971-2011 `m H$mbmdYrVrb gamgar ~mînr^dZ {dMmamV KoVbo Amho. Ë`m‘wio BVa {R>H$mUm§Mr nmÊ`mMr JaO
hdm‘mZmZwgma WmoS>çm\$ma \$aH$mZo doJir Agy eH$Vo.
^mOrnmbm {nH$mgmR>r Vwfma qgMZ
Adf©UàdU joÌmVrb ‘Ü`‘ Imob O{‘ZrV ~Q>mQ>çmÀ`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r Am{U Am{W©H$ \$m`ÚmgmR>r aã~r
~Q>mQ>çmMr bmJdS> Vwfma qgMZmImbr H$amdr. `mgmR>r Vwfma qgMZmÛmao 25 [‘.‘r. ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda (5 Vo 8 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo) 35 {‘.‘r. nmUr Úmdo d gmo~V 60…60…120 {H$bmo hoŠQ>ar ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme `m amgm`{ZH$ IVmMr ‘mÌm
bmdUrMo doir Am{U Caboë`m 60 {H$bmo ZÌmMr ‘mÌm bmdUrnmgyZ 30 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdr.
H$mo~r {nH$mÀ¶m âKmog CËnmXZ d nmÊ¶mÀ¶m A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘ dmnmamgmR>r H$mo~rMr bmJdS> gwú‘ Vwfma qgMZmImbr
H$amdr d Vwfma qgMZmÛmao 100 Q>¸o$ nrH$ ~mînnUm©oËgO©Zm EdT>o nmUr AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZXm (3 Vo 4 {XdgmÀ¶m A§VamZo) Úmdo.
H$m§Xm {nH$mgmR>r gwÕm gwú‘ Vwfma [g§MZ g§MmVyZ {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌoÀ¶m (ho³Q>ar 100 {H$bmo ZÌ + 50 {H$bmo
ñ’y$aX + 50 {H$bmo nmbme) 60% IVo nwZ©bmJdS>rZ§Va {dÐmì¶ ñdénmV 10 g‘mZ hßË¶mV AmR>dS>çmÀ¶m A§VamZo {Xë¶mZo
H$m§Xm {nH$mMo A{YH$ CËnmXZ d IVm§Mm Am{U nmÊ¶mMm H$m¶©j‘ dmna Pmë¶mMo {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 197

{R>~H$ qgMZ nÜXVrÛmao {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO d {R>~H$ g§M Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr
{nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO H$mT>Ê¶mMr nÜXV ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r (åhUOo Ooìhm XmoZ PmS>m‘Yrb d PmS>mÀ¶m XmoZ Amoit‘Yrb
A§Va OmñV AgVo CXm. S>mit~, qb~w, Am§~m B.) d Amoir‘Ü¶o KoÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m {nH$m§gmR>r (Ooìhm XmoZ amonm§‘Yrb d amonm§À¶m
XmoZ Amoir‘Yrb A§Va H$‘r AgVo, CXm. ^mOrnmbm, {nHo$, D$g B.) doJir Amho. ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r nmUr XoVmZm ‘wim§À¶m
H$m¶©j‘ joÌm‘Ü¶o Amobmdm R>odmdm bmJVmo. øm Amobmì¶mgmR>r EH$m PmS>mbm {R>~H$ g§MmZo Úmd¶mMo nmUr H$mT>mdo, Ë¶mZ§Va
O{‘ZrÀ¶m àH$mamZwgma EH$m PmS>mbm bmJUmè¶m VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m {ZpíMV H$amdr d Z§Va g§M Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr
H$mT>mdm. Amoir‘Ü¶o KoÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m nrH$m§gmR>r XmoZ amonm§‘Yrb A§Va H$‘r Agë¶mZo g§nyU© AmoirMm {d{eîQ> é§XrMm nQ²>Q>m
Amobm R>odmdm bmJVmo, Agm g§nyU© nQ²>Q>m Amobm ahmÊ`mgmR>r O{‘ZrÀ¶m àH$mamà‘mUo XmoZ VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va {H$Vr
Agmdo ho R>admdo bmJVo. Ë¶mZ§Va {nH$mÀ¶m nmÊ¶mÀ¶m JaOoà‘mUo EH$m VmoQ>rVyZ Úmdo bmJUmao nmUr H$mT>mdo d Z§Va g§M
Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr R>admdm. WmoS>³¶mV, ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r EH$m PmS>mbm nmUr XoÊ¶mgmR>r H$m¶©j‘ ‘wimMo g§nyU© joÌ
Amobo R>odÊ¶mgmR>r VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m H$mT>mdr bmJVo Va Amoir‘Ü¶o KoÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m {nH$m§gmR>r AmoirMm g§nyU© nQ²>Q>m Amobm
R>odÊ¶mgmR>r XmoZ VmoQ>çm‘Yrb A§Va H$mT>mdo bmJVo.
1. ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r {nH$m§Mr nmÊ¶mMr JaO … {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO hr hdm‘mZ d h§Jm‘, nrH$ d {nH$mMr dmT>rMr AdñWm
ømda Adb§~yZ AgVo. VgoM {R>~H$ qgMZ àUmbrÛmao g§nyU© joÌmda nmUr Z XoVm ’$³V ‘wimMo H$m¶©j‘ joÌ Á¶m ^mJmda
ngabo Amho VodT>çmM ^mJmda nmUr {Xbo OmVo. {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO H$mT>VmZm ¶m gd© ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r
Imbrb gwÌ {ZpíMV H$aÊ¶mV Ambo.
A ~ H$ S>
nrH$mg bmJUmao nmUr ({bQ>a/{Xdg/PmS>) =
B©
A = O{‘ZrVyZ hmoUmao nmÊ¶mMo ~mînr^dZ ({‘{‘/{Xdg) ~ = nrH$ JwUm§H$
H$ = AmobrV JwUm§H$ S> = PmS>m§Zr ì¶mnbobo joÌ (dJ© ‘rQ>a, ‘r x ‘r)
B© = g§MmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm
da {Xboë¶m gwÌm§‘Ü¶o dmnaÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m {d{dY KQ>H$m§Mr ‘m{hVr Imbrbà‘mUo H$mT>mdr.
O{‘ZrVyZ hmoUmao nmÊ¶mMo ~mînr^dZ (A) … {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO hr hdm‘mZmda åhUOo hdm‘mZmÀ¶m {d{dY KQ>H$m§da
(CXm. Vmn‘mZ, AmÐ©Vm, dmè¶mMm doJ, {XdgmMo gw¶©àH$memMo Vmg B.) Adb§~yZ AgVo.
nmÊ¶mÀ¶m ~mînr^dZmMr ‘m{hVr hdm‘mZ ImË¶mÀ¶m doYemio‘YyZ qH$dm ~mînr^dZ nmÌmÛmao KoVm ¶oVo. eoVH$ar gm‘wXm¶rH$
nÜXVrZo g§nyU© n[agamgmR>r EH$ ~mînr^dZ nmÌ ~g{dë¶mg Ë¶mÛmao nmÊ¶mÀ¶m ~mînr^dZmMo ‘moO ‘mn H$ê$ eH$VmV.
O{_Zrdê$Z hmoUmao ~mînr^dZ ho ~mînr^dZ nmÌmVyZ hmoUmè`m ~mînr^dZmÀ`m 70 Vo 80 Q>³Ho$ AgVo. ømbmM ~mînr^dZ
nmÌ JwUm§H$ Ago g§~moYVmV. JwUm§H$ hm 0.7 Vo 0.8 BVH$m ¿¶mdm. npíM‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mgmR>r hm JwUm§H$ 0.8 BVH$m
Yamdm. Oa hdm‘mZmÀ¶m {d{dY KQ>H$m§Mr ‘m{hVr doYemio H$Sy>Z CnbãY Pmbr Va øm {dÚmnrR>mZo {dH$grV Ho$boë¶m
"\w$bo-Ob' øm g§JUH$s¶ àménmÛmaohr O{‘ZrVyZ hmoUmao nmÊ¶mMo ~mînr^dZ H$mT>Vm ¶oB©b.
nrH$ JwUm§H$ (~) … nmÊ¶mMr JaOhr {nH$m§À¶m dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWoZwgma ~XbV AgVo. gwédmVrÀ¶m H$mimV JaO H$‘r AgVo.
Oer dmT> hmoVo Ver JaO dmT>V OmdyZ, nyU© dmT> Pmë¶mda d ’w$bo, ’$io YmaUm Pmë¶mda JaO WmoS>r H$‘r hmoVo. nrH$ d
{nH$m§À¶m AdñWoà‘mUo ~XbVr nmÊ¶mMr JaO nrH$ JwUm§H$mÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo bjmV KoVm ¶oVo. {nH$ JwUm§H$ hm gmYmaUV… nrH$
d {nH$mÀ¶m dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWoà‘mUo 0.2 Vo 1.15 À¶m Xaå¶mZ AgVmo.
AmobrV JwUm§H$ (H$) … Hw$R>ë¶mhr qgMZ nÜXVrZo {nH$mg nmUr XoVmZm ho Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘wim§À¶m H$m¶©j‘ joÌmV Úmdo bmJVo.
àdmhr d ’$dmam qgMZ nÜXVrÛmao nmUr ho O{‘ZrÀ¶m g§nyU© n¥îR>^mJmda Úmdo bmJVo. Ë¶m‘wio ¶m nÜXVrÛmao ‘wim§À¶m H$m¶©j‘
H$jogh BVahr ^mJ Amobm hmoVmo. na§Vw {R>~H$ qgMZ àUmbr‘Ü¶o nmUr VmoQ>rÛmao ‘wimÀ¶m H$jo‘Ü¶o XoÊ`mV ¶oVo, Ë¶m‘wio
VmoQ²>¶m§Mr g§»¶m d àdmh ¶m§Mm ì¶dpñWV ‘oi KS>dyZ ’$³V {nH$mÀ¶m ‘wim§À¶m H$m¶©j‘ H$joVM nmUr XoÊ`mV ¶oVo d ~mH$sMm
^mJ H$moaS>m R>odÊ`mV ¶oVmo. Ë¶m‘wio {R>~H$ qgMZ àUmbrÛmao qgMZmÀ¶m nmÊ¶mMr ‘mÌm H$mT>Vm§Zm eoVmMo qH$dm PmS>mMo g§nyU©
198Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

joÌ’$i J¥hrV Z YaVm ’$³V Omo ^mJ Amobm H$amd¶mMm VodT>mM J¥hrV Yamdm. Ë¶mgmR>r EHy$U joÌ’$img AmobrV JwUm§H$mZo
JwUmdo bmJVo. AmobrV JwUm§H$ 0.1 Vo 1.0 EdT>m {nH$mZwgma J¥hrV Yamdm.
AmobrV JwUm§H$ nrH$ d {nH$mÀ¶m dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWoZwgma gwÜXm ~XbV OmVmo. ‘w»¶ËdoH$ê$Z ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r gwédmVrMo
H$mimV H$m¶©j‘ ‘wim§Mo joÌ ho H$_r Agë`mZo AmobrV JwUm§H$ hm H$‘r AgVmo d Vmo PmS>mÀ¶m d¶mà‘mUo dmT>V OmVmo.
hm Z§Va pñWa hmoVmo. H$mhr ‘hËËdmÀ¶m {nH$m§Mm A{YH$V‘ AmobrV JwUm§H$ Imbrbà‘mUo Amho.
V³Vm H«$. 5 ‘hËdmMo {nH$m§gmR>r Amo{bV JwUm§H$
1. Iyn H$‘r A§VamdaMr {nHo$ (CXm. bgyZ, H$m§Xm, ^wB©‘yJ B.) 1.0
2. H$‘r A§VamdaMr {nHo$ (CXm. ^mOrnmbm, D$g) 0.6 Vo 0.8 .
3. ‘Ü¶‘ A§VamdaMr {nHo$ (CXm. Ho$ir, Ðmjo) 0.4 Vo 0.6
4. OmñV A§VamdaMr {nHo$ (CXm. ’$iPmS>o-S>mit~, qb~w) 0.2 Vo 0.4 .
5. A{V A§VamdaMr {nHo$ (CXm. Am§~m, Zmai, {MHw$) 0.2 Vo 0.25
g§MmMr ì¶mnbobo joÌ (S>) … EH$m PmS>mZo ì¶mnbobo joÌ ho XmoZ Amoir‘Yrb A§Va (‘rQ>a) JwUrbo EH$m AmoirVrb XmoZ
PmS>m§‘Yrb A§Va (‘rQ>a) ¶mà‘mUo H$mT>mdo.
g§MmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm (B©)… g§MmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm gmYmaUV… 90 Vo 95 Q>³Ho$ (0.9 Vo 0.95) EdT>r AgVo.
2. g§M Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr …nmÊ¶mMr JaO H$mT>ë¶mZ§Va g§M Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr Imbrb gwÌmà‘mUo H$mT>mdm.
{nH$mg bmJUmao nmUr ({bQ>a)
g§M Mmb{dÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr (Vmg>) =
VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m x EH$m VmoQ>r‘YyZ ¶oUmam àdmh ({bQ>a/Vmg)
VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m … VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m hr H$m¶©j‘ ‘wim§Zr ì¶mnbobo joÌ ^mJrbo EH$m VmoQ>rZo Amobo hmoUmao joÌ øm à‘mUo
H$mT>Vm ¶oVo. ^mar O{‘ZrV EH$m VmoQ>rZo Amobo hmoUmao joÌ ho OmñV Agë¶mZo Ë¶m O{‘ZrV VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m H$‘r bmJVo. hb³¶m
O{‘ZrV EH$m VmoQ>rZo Amobo hmoUmao joÌ ho H$‘r Agë¶mZo Ë¶m O{‘ZrV VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m OmñV AgVo. ‘hËËdmÀ¶m {nH$mgmR>r
g§nyU© dmT> Pmboë¶m ’$iPmS>m§gmR>r bmJUmar VmoQ>çm§Mr g§»¶m Imbrbà‘mUo Amho.
S>mit~ - 2 Vo 6, qb~w / g§Ìm - 4 Vo 8, Am§~m / {MHw $/ Zmai - 6 Vo 15
3. AmoirV KoÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m {nH$m§Mr nmÊ¶mMr JaO … {nH$m§À¶m AmoirMm g§nyU© nQ²>Q>m Amobm hmoÊ¶mgmR>r EH$m AmoirgmR>r
{H$Vr VmoQ>çm bmJVmV qH$dm XmoZ VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va {H$Vr R>odmdo ho àW‘ H$mT>mdo bmJVo. Ë¶mZ§Va EH$m VmoQ>rZo {H$Vr nmUr
Úmdo bmJVo ho H$mT>mdo bmJVo.
XmoZ VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va … XmoZ VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va ho O{‘ZrÀ¶m àH$mamda Adb§~yZ Amho. {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m O{‘ZrV XmoZ
VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va {H$Vr Agmdo øm g§~§YmMr T>mo~i ‘mZmZo ‘m{hVr Imbr {Xbr Amho.
1. ^mar O{‘Z = 90 go‘r (3 ’y$Q>) 2. ‘Ü¶‘ O{‘Z = 60 Vo 75 go‘r (2 Vo 2.5 ’y$Q>)
3. hbH$s O{‘Z = 45 go‘r (1.5 ’y$Q>) 4. AË¶§V hbH$s O{‘Z = 30 go‘r (1 ’y$Q>)
AmoirV KoUmè¶m {nH$mgmR>r EH$m VmoQ>rZo {H$Vr nmUr Úmdo ømMo gyÌ Imbrbà‘mUo Amho.
VmoQ>rZo Úmd¶mMo nmUr ({bQ>a/Vmg/VmoQ>r) = A ~ H$ S>
B©
A, ~, H$ d B ‘m{hVr ^mJ H«$‘m§H$ 1 ‘Ü¶o {Xbr Amho. S>-EH$m VmoQ>rMo joÌ (dJ© ‘rQ>a)
EH$m VmoQ>rMo joÌ (S>) … EH$m VmoQ>rMo joÌ ho XmoZ CnZù¶m§‘Yrb A§Va (‘rQ>a) JwUrbo EH$m CnZirda Agboë¶m XmoZ
VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va (‘rQ>a) ømà‘mUo H$mT>mdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 199

XmoZ VmoQ>çm§‘Yrb A§Va ho O{‘ZrÀ¶m àH$mamZwgma da Z‘wX Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo {ZpíMV H$aVm ¶oVo. XmoZ CnZù¶m§Vrb A§Va
{ZpíMV H$aVmZm {nH$m§À¶m bmJdS>rÀ¶m ^y‘rVr¶ ~m~r g§~§YrÀ¶m (CXm. XmoZ amonm‘Yrb A§Va, amonm§À¶m XmoZ Amoir‘Yrb
A§Va B.) ‘m{hVrMm Cn¶moJ H$amdm bmJVmo.
{R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmMr H$miOr d XoI^mb

{R>~H$ qgMZ g§M {dH$V KoÊ¶mgmR>r àmW{‘H$ IM© Iyn Amho. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M OmñVrV OmñV H$mi {Q>H$mdm Ago
eoVH$è¶m§Zm dmQ>Uo gmh{OH$M Amho. Ë¶mH$[aVm eoVH$è¶m§Zr {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmMr ¶mo½¶ Vr H$miOr d {ZJm doimodoir KoUo
g§¶wp³VH$ R>aob. ¶mo½¶ XoI^mb Ho$ë¶mg g§M XrK©H$mi {Q>H$Vmo, Ë¶mMr H$m¶©j‘Vm Mm§Jbr amhVo d qgMZmÀ¶m IMm©V ~MV
hmoVo. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmÀ¶m H$miOr d XoI^mbr g§~§Yr H$mhr ‘hËËdmÀ¶m ~m~tMr ‘m{hVr Imbr {Xbr Amho.
1. n§nmMr XoI^mb
n§nmÀ¶m nwT>o EH$ dm°Q>a {‘Q>a (nmUr ‘moOÊ¶mMo ¶§Ì) d àoea JoO (Xm~ ‘mnH$ ¶§Ì) ~gdmdo. nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmh qH$dm
nmÊ¶mMm Xm~ Amdí¶H$Vonojm H$‘r qH$dm OmñV Pmë¶mg n§n VnmgyZ Ë¶mMr H$maUo emoYmdrV d XþéñVr H$amdr. Xa XmoZ
{Xdgm§Zr n§nmMm AmdmO, Ë¶mMo Vmn‘mZ, JiVr Vnmgmdr, {dÚwV ‘moQ>ma, pñdMog, {‘Q>a d ñQ>mQ>©a ¶m§Mr CËnmXH$mZo {Xboë¶m
‘mJ©Xe©ZmZwgma {ZJm R>odmdr.
2. JmiÊ¶mMr ([’$ëQ>a) XoI^mb
nmUr JmiÊ¶mgmR>r JaOoZwgma doJdoJù¶m àH$maÀ¶m JmiÊ¶m dmnaë¶m OmVmV. VmoQ>çmMm àH$ma d CnbãY nmÊ¶mMr
àV ¶mdê$Z JmiÊ¶mMm àH$ma R>a{dbm OmVmo.
dmiwMr JmiUr … Ooìhm nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o nmbmnmMmoim, eodmio OmñV AgVmV Voìhm hr JmiUr dmnamdr.
hr JmiUr dmnaVmZm Imbrbà‘mUo H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
 JmiUr Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶m PS>nm d Xm~‘mnH$ ¶§Ìo dJ¡ao ~amo~a H$m‘ H$aVmV H$s Zmhr ho Xa XmoZ {Xdgm§Zr Vnmgmdo.
 JmiUr AJmoXa d nwT>o Ago XmoZ Xm~‘mnH$ ¶§Ì ~gdbobo AgVmV. Xm~‘mnH$ ¶§ÌmVrb nmÊ¶mÀ¶m Xm~mMo nVZ 10 Q>³Ho$
nojm OmñV Pmë¶mg JmiU Q>mH$s gm’$ H$amdr, qH$dm AmR>dS>çmVwZ {H$‘mZ EH$ doim gm’$ H$amdr.
 dmiyÀ¶m [’$ëQ>aMo PmH$U CKSy>Z dmiyMr nmVir Vnmgmdr. dmiy ñdÀN> Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
 gd© JiË¶m ~§X H$amì¶mV.
 ~°H$ ’betJ qH$dm {déÜX àdmh … dmiwMr JmiUr gm’$ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r hr à{H«$¶m Adb§~dmdr. øm Ûmao nmÊ¶mMm àdmh
{déÜX {XeoZo H$ê$Z JmiUr YyVbr OmVo. {déÜX àdmhmMo nmUr H$‘r-A{YH$ H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. àdmh OmñV
Pmë¶mg dmiy Q>mH$s~mhoa OmVo. àdmh H$‘r Agë¶mg dmiy YwVbr OmV Zmhr. åhUyZ {déÜX àdmh ¶mo½¶ amhrb Aem
arVrZo PS>n H$‘r-A{YH$ H$ê$Z ~gdmdr. PS>n ¶mo½¶ à‘mUmV CKS>Ê¶mgmR>r, n§n gwê$ H$amdm. nmB©n‘Ü¶o ¶mo½¶ Xm~
d àdmh gwê$ hmoD$ Úmdm. {déÜX àdmhmMr PS>n qH$MrV CKS>mdr. Q>mH$sVbr hdm {ZKyZ OmB©b. Q>mH$sMr nwT>Mr PS>n
~§X H$amdr, Ë¶m~amo~a nmÊ¶mMr JmiU à{H«$¶m ~§X hmoVo d YwÊ¶mMr à{H«$¶m gwê$ hmoVo. YwÊ¶mÀ¶m PS>noVwZ ¶oUmao nmUr
nmVi nm§T>è¶m H$mnS>mda nSy> Úmdo. H$mnS>mda WmoS>o dmiyMo H$U {XgVrb EodT>r PS>n CKS>mdr. Ë¶mZ§Va A{O~mV dmiy
¶oUma Zmhr Aem [aVrZo PS>n ~§X H$amdr. dmiyMo gwú‘ H$U nmÊ¶m~amo~a Joë¶mg H$mhr haH$V Zmhr. Aem [aVrZo PS>n
¶mo½¶ à‘mUmV CKS>ë¶mZ§Va [’$ëQ>a gm’$ H$amdm. Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo JmiUQ>mH$s ‘Yrb dmiw nmÊ¶mZo ñdÀN> H$amdr VgoM
JmiU Q>mH$s ‘Yrb dmiy H$‘r Pmë¶mg Ë¶m‘Ü¶o dmiw naV Q>mH$mdr.
OmirMr JmiUr
dmiyÀ¶m JmiUr nwT>o OmirMr qH$dm MH$Ë¶mMr JmiUr dmnaVmV. na§Vw nmUr ñdÀN> Agob Va ’$³V
OmirMr/MH$Ë¶mMr JmiUr dmnamdr. Omir qgWoQ>rH$ nXmWm©Mr qH$dm ñQ>oZbog ñQ>rbMr AgVo. øm JmiÊ¶m gm’$
H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m CKSw>Z gm’$ H$amì¶mV.
200Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

e³¶Vmo OmirÀ¶m qH$dm MH$VrÀ¶m JmiÊ¶m nmUr XoÊ¶mAmYr JaOoZwgma XaamoO qH$dm {XdgmAmS> gm’$ H$amì¶m qH$dm
JmiUrÀ¶m AJmoXa d nwT>rb Xm~‘mnH$ ¶§ÌmVrb Xm~’$aH$ 0.2 {H$.J«°/Mm¡.g|.‘r. nojm A{YH$ Pmë¶mg øm JmiÊ¶m gm’$
H$amì¶m. OmirMr {N>Ðo ~§X Pmbr AgVrb Va Vr ~«eZo gm’$ H$amdr. OmirÀ¶m JmiUr ¶§ÌmMm S´>oZ ìhm°ëìh CKSy>Z
Omir‘Ü¶o AS>H$bobr KmU ~mhoa H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdr, VgoM JmiUr ¶§ÌmMo PmH$U CKSy>Z AmVrb Omir ñdÀN> H$amdr. JmiUr
¶§ÌmÀ¶m XmoÝhr ~mOy§Mr a~agrb H$mTy>Z CbQ>r H$ê$Z ñdÀN> YwD$Z nwÝhm Omirda KÅ> ~gdmdrV, AÝ¶Wm nmÊ¶mÀ¶m Xm~m‘wio
g¡b ^mJmVyZ Z Jmibobo nmUr nwT>o OmÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm AgVo. OmirÀ¶m JmiUr¶§ÌmV Omir ì¶dpñWV Amho H$s Zmhr Vo
nhmdo.Omir ’$mQ>bobr Agë¶mg ZdrZ ~gdmdr, VgoM a~agrëg YwdmdrV. àË¶oH$ h§Jm‘mV {H$‘mZ EH$ doim JmiÊ¶m g§nyU©
CKSy>Z Ë¶mÀ¶m gwQ>çm ^mJm§Mr nmhUr H$amdr d Vo ^mJ Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo XþéñV H$amdo qH$dm ~XbmdoV. Omir ’$mQ>bobr
Agë¶mg ZdrZ Omir ~gdmdr.
nmB©n bmB©Z
{R>~H$ qgMZ ‘w»¶ Zir (‘oZ), Cn-‘w»¶ Zù¶m (g~ ‘oZ qH$dm ‘°{Z’$moëS>) Am{U CnZù¶m (b°Q>ab) ¶m§Mo
Omio AgVo. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmÀ¶m ‘w»¶ d Cn‘w»¶ Zù¶m øm Oa nr.ìhr.gr. nmB©nÀ¶m Agob Va Ë¶m e³¶Vmo 1 ’w$Q>mn¶ªV
O{‘ZrV JmS>mì¶mV. Ë¶m‘wio nmB©nda gw¶© {H$aUmMm n[aUm‘ hmoV Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶mMo Am¶wî¶‘mZ dmT>Vo d eodmimMr dmT>
hmoV Zmhr. Ë¶m Oa EM.S>r.nr.B©. À¶m Agob Va O{‘Zrda R>odë¶mVar MmbVmV.
 Zù¶m§‘Ü¶o Hw$R>ohr JiVr hmoV Agë¶mMo {XgVmM Ë¶m ~§X H$am.
 Cn‘w»¶ZirÀ¶m eodQ>r âbe ìhm°ëìh OmoS>bobo AgVmV. âbe ìhm°ëìh CKSy>Z Ë¶mVwZ A§XmOo 10 {‘ZrQ>o nmUr dmhÿ
{Xë¶mg ‘w»¶ d Cn‘w»¶ Zù¶m YwVë¶m OmVmV. R>am{dH$ H$mbmdYr Z§Va Zù¶m gm’$ H$aUo OéarMo AgVo H$maU
nmÊ¶mVbm Jmi, H$mS>rH$Mam, ßb°pñQ>H$Mo VwH$S>o, eodmi, gwú‘ O§VyZr V¶ma Ho$bobm ‘oUmgmaIm Wa Zù¶m§‘Ü¶o AS>Hy$Z
Ë¶m§Mr nmUr dhZ j‘Vm H$‘r H$aVmV.
 H$‘r-OmñV MT> Agboë¶m O{‘ZrVyZ Ooìhm ‘w»¶ qH$dm Cn‘w»¶ Zù¶m OmVmV Voìhm C§MdQ>çm§À¶m OmJr Zù¶m§‘Ü¶o hdm
^ê$Z amhVo. hr hdm EH$ qH$dm Xþhoar H¥$Vr AgUmè¶m EAa ìhm°ëìhÀ¶m gmhæ¶mZo H$mT>mdr bmJVo. åhUyZ ¶mo½¶ {R>H$mUr
EAa ìhm°ëìh ~gdUo d Vo Mmby Agë¶mMr ImÌr H$aUo ’$ma ‘hËËdmMo Amho.
 ‘w»¶ d Cn‘w»¶ Zù¶m YwVë¶mZ§Va CnZù¶m eodQ>r ‘moH$ù¶m gmoS>mì¶mV. ’be ~§X H$amdoV Am{U CnZù¶m ‘YyZ
‘moH$io nmUr dmhÿ Úmdo. {H$Vr doi ‘moH$io nmUr dmhÿ Úmdo, d {H$Vr CnZù¶m ‘moH$ù¶m gmoS>m¶À¶m ho n§nmVyZ {H$Vr
nmUr {‘iVo Ë¶mda Adb§~yZ AgVo. CnZù¶m YwdyZ {ZKVrb EdT>çm Xm~mZo àdmh gmoS>mdm.
CnZù¶m
CnZù¶m AmR>dS>çmVyZ EH$ doim ñdÀN> H$amì¶mV. CnZù¶m ñdÀN> H$aÊ¶mH$arVm CnZù¶mMo eodQ>Mo Q>moH$ CKS>mdo.
CnZù¶m§‘YwZ ñdÀN> nmUr ¶oD$ bmJbo åhUOo CnZù¶m§Mo eodQ>Mo Q>moH$ ~§X H$amdo.
eoVm‘Ü¶o [’$ê$Z CnZù¶mMo {ZarjU H$amdo. CnZù¶m§‘Ü¶o JiVr AmT>iyZ Amë¶mg Jw’$ ßbJÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo ~§X H$amdr.
VU H$mT>Uo, H$moinUr H$aUo BË¶mXr eoVmVrb H$m‘o H$aVm§Zm CnZù¶m§Zm BOm hmoUma Zmhr ¶mMr H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
CnZù¶m øm PmS>mnmgyZ O{‘Zrda ¶mo½¶ A§Vamda R>odboë¶m Agmì¶m. C§XamnmgyZ CnZù¶mMm ~Mmd H$aÊ¶mH$arVm qPH$
’$m°ñ’$B©S>À¶m Jmoù¶m eoVmV Q>mH$mì¶mV.
VmoQ>çm
Oa {S´>ng© Ûmao eoVmV gd© {R>H$mUr nmUr g‘à‘mUmV {‘iV Zgob Va {R>~H$ qgMZ àUmbrMr H$m¶©j‘Vm H$‘r hmoD$Z
CËnmXZmV KQ> hmoVo. Ë¶mgmR>r {S´>ng©Mr XoI^mb H$aUo AË¶§V ‘hËdmMo Amho.
 {S´>ng©‘YyZ R>am{dH$ àdmhmZo PmS>mg nmUr {‘iVo H$s Zmhr ho nmhÊ¶mgmR>r eoVm‘Ü¶o [’$éZ g§MmMo doimodoir
{ZarjU H$amdo.
 PmS>mOdirb O{‘ZrMm ^mJ gma»¶m à‘mUmV Amobm Pmbm H$s Zmhr, ho nmhmdo. Á¶m PmS>mOdi O{‘ZrMm ^mJ H$‘r
à‘mUmV Amobm Pmbm Agob Ë¶m PmS>mOdirb {S´>ng© CKSy>Z nmhmdoV d ñdÀN> H$amdoV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 201

 {S´>ng©Mm àdmh R>am{dH$ Xm~mdarb Ano{jV àdmhmnojm H$‘r AmT>iyZ Amë¶mg {S´>ng© CKSy>Z ñdÀN> H$amdoV.
 {S´>ng©Mr {N>Ð nmÊ¶mVrb {OdmUy, gwú‘ OrdO§Vy d eodmim‘wio ~§X nSy> Z¶o åhUyZ {R>~H$ qgMZ g§Mmg n§Yam {Xdgm§À¶m
qH$dm ‘{hÝ¶mÀ¶m A§VamZo ³bmoarZ à{H«$¶m Úmdr. ³bmo[aZ {dfmar Amho. ³bmo[aZ {‘{lV nmUr {nÊ¶mgmR>r dmnê$ Z¶o.
 hm¶S´>mo³bmo[aH$ Amåb ho Anm¶H$maH$ Amho. Voìhm Amåb à{H«$¶m XoVmZm Amåb H$miOrnyd©H$ hmVmimdo. Amåb d ³bmo[aZ
à{H«$¶m {Xë¶mZ§Va g§M 24 Vmg ~§X R>odmdm.
 g§M nwÝhm gwê$ Ho$ë¶mZ§Va JmiUr ¶§Ì, ‘w»¶Zir, Cn‘w»¶Zir d CnZù¶m ñdÀN> H$amì¶mV. Amåb d ³bmo[aZ à{H«$¶m
Zoh‘r nmUr XoV AgVm§Zm eodQ>À¶m AÜ¶m© VmgmV H$amdr.
Amåb à{H«$¶m (A°{g{S[’$Ho$eZ)

Amåb à{H«$¶ogmR>r ghgm hm¶S´>mo³bmoarH$ AmåbmMm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. H$YrH$Yr ’$m°g’$moarH$ qH$dm gëâ¶warH$
Amåbm§Mm gwÜXm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. ¶m à{H«$¶oV {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y (nr EM) 3 Vo 4 ¶m Xaå¶mZ AmUmdm
bmJVmo. nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y nrEM ‘rQ>aZo dma§dma Vnmgmdm bmJVmo. nrEM ‘rQ>a EodOr {bQ>‘g nonagwÜXm Cn¶moJmV AmUVm ¶oVmo.
na§Vw Ë¶mZo Ë¶mMr {ZpíMV Vrd«Vm ‘moOVm ¶oV Zmhr. V§VmoV§V gm‘y {H$Vr Amho ho H$iV Zmhr. ho Amåb ìh|À¶war‘YyZ gw‘mao
AÜ¶m©VmgmnmgyZ 1 Vmgmn¶ªV {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV gmoS>mdo bmJVo.
hr Amåb à{H«$¶m ¶eñdr[aË¶m Pmbr qH$dm Zmhr ¶mH$arVm {S´>ng© ‘YwZ ~mhoa ¶oUmè¶m nmÊ¶mMm àdmh à{H«$¶m
H$aÊ¶mAmYr d Z§Va ‘moOUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. àW‘ Oa hm Ano{jV nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmh Amdí¶H$ g‘à‘mUmV {‘iV Zgob
Va hr à{H«$¶m ¶eñdr Pmbobr Zmhr Ago g‘Omdo d nwÝhm H$mhr doi hrM à{H«$¶m H$amdr åhUOo g§M nyU©nUo ñdÀN> hmoB©b.
¶m à{H«$¶oZo bmoh, H°$pëe¶‘ d ‘°½Zo{e¶‘Mo H$m°~m}ZoQ²>g {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmVyZ nyU©nUo Kmb{dVm ¶oVmV. H$mhr doiog
VmoQ>çm nyU©nUo ~§X Pmboë¶m Agë¶mg VmoQ>çm H$mTy>Z ñdV§Ì[aË¶m EH$ Q>³H$m Amåb AgUmè¶m nmÊ¶mV gm’$ H$amì¶m. nmUr
A°grS>_Üò Q>mHy$ Zò. H$mMoÀ¶m H$m§S>rÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo Amåb gmdH$me nmÊ¶mV {‘gimdo.
nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y 4 n¶ªV H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {H$Vr Amåb nmÊ¶mV gmoS>mdo bmJVo, ho H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r Imbrb gyÌm§Mm Cn¶moJ
H$amdm.
3.6 x Amåb AmH$S>m x nmÊ¶mMm àdmhmMm Xa ({bQ>a/goH§$X)
AmåbmMr ‘mÌm ({bQ>a/Vmg) =
AmåbmMr Vrd«Vm (Zm°‘©{bQ>r)
darb gwÌm§‘Ü¶o Amåb AmH$S>m åhUOo nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y 4 n¶ªV Imbr AmUÊ¶mgmR>r EH$ {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV {‘gimì¶m
bmJUmè¶m Amåbm§Mr ‘mÌm ({‘brB©p³dìhb§Q>‘Ü¶o) hm AmH$S>m à¶moJemioV R>a{dbm OmVmo. AmåbmMr Vrd«Vm gwÜXm ‘m{hV
AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. CXmhaUmW©, g§V¥ßV gë’¶warH$ AmåbmMr Vrd«Vm 36 Amho Va g§V¥ßV hm¶S´>mo³bmo[aH$ AmåbmMr Vrd«Vm
12 BVH$s Amho.
Amåb agm¶ZmMr n«{H«$¶m H$aVmZm g§M nyU©nUo nmUr a{hV H$amdm. AmåbmMr ‘mÌm {ZpíMV H$amdr. ‘mÌm {ZpíMV
H$aVmZm nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y gd©gmYmaUnUo 3 Vo 4 Xaå¶mZ 1 Vmgâ ahmd¶mg hdm. Z§Va g§M 24 Vmg ~§X R>odmdm. VX²Z§Va Vmo
ñdÀN>nUo YwD$Z H$mT>mdm.
Amåbà{H«$¶m H$aÊ¶mMr nÜXV
A) nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o {H$Vr Amåb Q>mH$mdo bmJob Vo J{UVmÛmao H$mT>mdo.
~) {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmMm n§n gwê$ Ho$ë¶mZ§Va ‘w»¶ Z{bHo$V ìh|À¶war n§nmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z nmUr gmoS>Ê¶mg gwédmV H$amdr.
amgm¶{ZH$ Ðì¶ (Amåb qH$dm ³bmo[aZ) gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa Ago Ho$ë¶mZo Amnë¶mbm g§MmÀ¶m eodQ>À¶m {S´>naOdi nmÊ¶mMm
BpÀN>V Agm 4.0 gm‘y {‘iob.
202Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$) OdiÀ¶m ObZ{bHo$VyZ dmhUmè¶m nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y ‘moOÊ¶mÀ¶m H$mJXmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z gm‘y R>admdm.
S>) nmUr gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa {ZpíMV H$amdm BpÀN>V Vrd«Vm {‘ion¶ªV H$ ‘Ü¶o {Xboë¶m ‘m{hVrMm nwÝhm Adb§~ H$amdm.
B) XÿaÀ¶m CnZirVrb nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y H$mT>mdm.
’$) Amåb nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o AYm© qH$dm EH$ Vmg gmoS>ë¶mZ§Va Amåb nmÊ¶måmÜ¶o gmoS>Uo ~§X H$amdo d {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M 24
Vmg ~§X R>odmdm. Z§Va Obdm{hÝ¶m d CnObZ{bH$m gm’$ H$amì¶mV.
³bmo[aZ à{H«$¶m (³bmo[aZoeZ)
³bmo[aZdm¶wMo à‘mU g§Mm‘Yrb O¡{dH$ Vrd«Voda Adb§~yZ AgVo. ¶m dm¶yMo à‘mU 2 Vo 20 à{V Xebj ^mJmg
bmJUmao ^mJ (nrnrE‘) EdT>o AgVo ¶m à{H«$¶oV gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> qH$dm H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q>Mm dmna Ho$bm
OmVmo. Oa g§M AbJr d ~°³Q>o[a¶m ¶m§Zr ~§X Pmbm Agob Va Ë¶mH$[aVm 15 Vo 20 nrnrE‘ EdT>m ³bmo[aZ dm¶w bmJVmo. Oa
Amdí¶H$Vonojm H$‘r ³bmoarZ g§MmV gmoS>ë¶mg Ë¶mMm Cn¶moJ Z hmoVm Vmo dm¶m OmVmo. Amdí¶H$ Agbobm ³bmoarZMo à‘mU
H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r Imbrb V³Vm ~Kmdm. ³bmoarZ¶w³V Ðd hm [’$ëQ>aÀ¶m AmYr Agboë¶m ‘w»¶Zirdarb ìh±À¶warÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo
‘w»¶ZirV emofyZ KoVbm OmVmo. ho Ðd {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV H$‘rV H$‘r 30 {‘{ZQ>o R>odUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo VgoM g§MmV
gJirH$S>o ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU gmaIo Agmdo. Z§Va g§M nmÊ¶mÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo ñdÀN> YwD$Z gm’$ H$amdm. g|Ðr¶ nXmW©, ‘mVrMo
gyú‘H$U H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r Oer VmoQ>çm§Mr AWdm Zù¶m§Mr Vm|S>o CKSy>Z nmUr ~mhoa doJmV gmoS>VmV VerM {H«$¶m eodQ>r H$amdr.
EH$ hOma {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU hdo VodT>o AmUÊ¶mH$arVm bmJUmè¶m g§¶wJmMr ‘mÌm
g§¶wJg§¶wJmVrb Amdí¶H$ bmJUmam ³bmoarZ (nrnrE‘)
³bmo[aZMo à‘mU 2 5 10 15 20
Ðdén ({‘br{bQ>a‘Ü¶o)gmoS>r¶‘
gmo{S>`_ 5.25 38.1 95.2 109.5 285.7 381.0
hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> 10.00 20.0 5.0 100.0 150.0 200.0
(Ðdê$n)
KZê$n (J«°‘‘Ü¶o)H°$pëe¶‘
H°$ëer`_ 35.00 5.7 14.2 28.5 42.7 57.0
hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> 70.00 2.8 7.1 14.2 21.4 28.5
(pãbMtJ nmdS>a)
³bmo[aZ gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa … ³bmo[aZ¶w³V g§¶wJo Ðdê$n d KZê$n ñdénmV AgVmV. hr g§¶wJo {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV ìh|À¶warÀ¶m
ghmæ¶mZo {H$Vr XamZo gmoS>mdrV ho Imbrb gwÌm§Zr H$mT>Vm ¶oVo.
0.36 x Amdí¶H$ bmJUmè¶m x nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmhmMm
gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> ³bmoarZMr Vrd«Vm (nrnrE‘) Xa ({bQ>a/goH§$X)
gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa ({bQ>a/Vmg) = g§¶wJmVrb ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU (Q>³Ho$)
360 x Amdí¶H$ bmJUmè¶m x nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmhmMm

H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> = ³bmoarZMr Vrd«Vm (nrnrE‘) Xa ({bQ>a/goH§$X)
gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa ({bQ>a/Vmg) Ðmì¶mMr Vrd«Vm (J«°‘/{bQ>a) x g§¶wJmVrb ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU (Q>³Ho$)
darb gwÌm‘Yrb Ðmì¶mMr Vrd«Vm åhUOo {H$Vr J«°‘ H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> {H$Vr {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV Q>mH$bobo Amho, ¶mMo
à‘mU hmo¶. g‘Om 50 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV 5 {H$bmo H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> Q>mH$bo Va Ë¶m ÐmdUmMr Vrd«Vm 100 J«°‘/{bQ>a
EdT>r hmoB©b. g§¶wJmVrb ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU ho CËnmXH$mH$Sy>Z H$iVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 203

CXmhaUo …
A) gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q>Mm Cn¶moJ … g‘Om {R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV Amdí¶H$ bmJUmè¶m ³bmo[aZMr Vrd«Vm 10 nrnrE‘
EdT>r nm{hOo. ¶mgmR>r gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> g§¶wJmVrb ³bmoarZMo à‘mU 5.25 Q>³Ho$ Amho.
{R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmÀ¶m ‘w»¶ZirVrb (‘oZbmB©Z ‘Yrb) nmUr dmhÊ¶mMm Xa 5 {bQ>a / goH§$X BVH$m Amho Va gmoS>r¶‘
hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> nmÊ¶mV gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa gwÌmZwgma Imbrbà‘mUo H$mT>Vm ¶oB©b.
0.36 x 10 x 5
gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa =
5.25
= 3.42 {bQ>a/Vmg
= 57 {‘br{bQ>a/ {‘ZrQ>
~) H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q>Mm Cn¶moJ

{R>~H$ qgMZ g§MmV AbJr d ~°³Q>o[a¶m dmT>ë¶m‘wio g§M ì¶d{ñWV H$m¶m©pÝdV Zmhr. Ë¶mH$[aVm nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o ³bmo[aZMr
Vrd«Vm 20 nrnrE‘ nm{hOo. H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> g§¶wJmVrb ³bmo[aZMo à‘mU 70 Q>³Ho$ AgyZ Ðmì¶mMr Vrd«Vm 120 J«°‘/
{bQ>a (åhUOo 50 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mV 6 {H$.J«°. H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q>) EdT>r Amho. ‘w»¶ZirVrb nmÊ¶mMm àdmhmMm Xa 10
{bQ>a/goH§$X Agë¶mg Ë¶mVyZ H°$pëe¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> gmoS>Ê¶mMo à‘mU gwÌmMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z H$mT>Vm ¶oVo.
360 x 20 x 10
gmoS>r¶‘ hm°¶nmo³bmoamB©Q> gmoS>Ê¶mMm Xa = 120 x 70
= 8.57 {bQ>a/Vmg
= 143 {‘br{bQ>a/{‘ZrQ>
{R>~H$ qgMZ g§M ~§X H$aVmZm ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr

h§Jm‘ g§në¶mZ§Va {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M ~§X H$aVmZm Imbrb H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
 ‘w»¶ Zir, Cn‘w»¶Zir, b°Q>abg© ñdÀN> H$amì¶mV.
 JmiUr ¶§Ì ñdÀN> nmÊ¶mZo gm’$ H$amdo. dmiyMo JmiUr ¶§Ì CKSy>Z Ë¶mVrb dmiy gwHy$ Úmdr.
 g§Mmgmo~V IVo XoÊ¶mMr Q>mH$s Agë¶mg Vr ñdÀN> H$amdr. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M dmnamV ZgVmZm CnZù¶m H$mTy>Z
R>odm¶À¶m Agë¶mg Ë¶m§Mm Jmob Jw§S>mim H$amdm d gwa{jV {R>H$mUr R>odmdm.
 {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M ~§X AgVmZm ZmXþéñV Agbobo KQ>H$ CXm. CnZù¶m, ìhm°ëìhO BË¶mXr XþéñV H$amì¶mV.
 {R>~H$ qgMZ g§Mmg ~§X H$aÊ¶mnydu Amåb d ³bmo[aZ à{H«$¶m XoUo A{YH$ Mm§Jbo.
204Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nrH$dmT>rÀ`m _hÎdmÀ`m AdñWm Am{U JaOoZwgma {nH$m§Mo nmUr ì`dñWmnZ
A. Z§. Vnerb nmÊ`mÀ`m EHy$U nmÊ`mMr EHy$U nmÊ`mÀ`m JaOoZwgma {nH$m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoMm
nmù`m JaO (g|._r.) _hÎdmÀ`m AdñWm noaUrnmgyZ H$mi ({Xdg)
1) Ádmar (Iarn) 4 40-45 1) J^m©dñWm 28-30
2) nrH$ nmoQ>arV AgVmZm 50-55
3) nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV AgVmZm 70-75
4) XmUo âVmZm 90-95
2) Ádmar (a~r) 3 39-41 1) J^m©dñWm 28-30
3) XmUo âÊ`mMr AdñWm 90-95
75 {_._r. ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mZ§Va nmUr
Úmdo. (drg {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 4-5
nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m Úmì`mV.)
3) ~mOar 2 25-30 1) \w$Q>do \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm 25-30
4) _H$m (Iarn) 4 40-45 1) amon AdñWm 25-30
2) Vwam ~mhoa nS>VmZm 45-50
4) XmUo âVmZm 75-80
5) Jhÿ 4-5 40 1) _wHy$Q> _wio \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm 18-21
2) \w$Q>do \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm 35-42
4) XmUo {MH$mV AgVmZm 90-95
6) ^wB©_yJ (Iarn) 3 40-50 1) \$m§Úm \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm 25-30
2) Amè`m CVaÊ`mMr AdñWm 40-45
3) e|Jm âÊ`mMr AdñWm 65-70
7) ^wB©_yJ (CÝhmir) 12.13 70-80 CÝhmir ^wB©_yJmgmR>r nmÊ`mMr nmir
O{_ZrÀ`m _JXwamà_mUo 8 Vo 10
{Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo Úmdr.
8) gy`©\w$b 4 30-35 1) amonmdñWm 15-20
2) \w$bH$ù`m bmJÊ`mMr AdñWm 30-35
3) nrH$ \w$bmoè`mda AgVmZm 45-50
4) XmUo âÊ`mMr AdñWm 60-65
9.A) Vya (_w»` nrH$) 3 40-45 1) \$m§Úm \w$Q>VmZm 35-40
2) \w$bmoè`mMr AdñWm 65-70
9.~) Vya (n{hbm ImoS>dm) 3 18-20 1) e|Jm VmoSy>Z Pmë`m~amo~a 140-145
2) \w$bo òÊ`mMr AdñWm 160-165
9.H$) Vya (Xwgam ImoS>dm) 3 18-20 1) e|Jm VmoSy>Z Pmë`m~amo~a 210-215
2) \w$bo òÊ`mMr AdñWm 240-245
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 205

A. Z§. Vnerb nmÊ`mÀ`m EHy$U nmÊ`mMr EHy$U nmÊ`mÀ`m JaOoZwgma {nH$m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoMm
nmù`m JaO (g|._r.) _hÎdmÀ`m AdñWm noaUrnmgyZ H$mi ({Xdg)
10) H$aS>B© $ > 2 25-30 1) {nH$mMr bwgbwgrV dmT>rMr AdñWm 25-30
2) nrH$ \w$bmda òVmZm 50-60
11) haâm 2 25-30 1) {nH$mg \$m§Úm \w$Q>VmZm 30-35
2) KmQ>o âVmZm 60-65
12) H$mnyg 8-10 70-80 {nH$mg 75 {_._r. ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mMà_mUo
CÝhmù`mV 10 {Xdgm§Zr Am{U Ë`mZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§Mo A§VamZo
nmUr Úmdo.
13) D$g (gwê$) 25 225 75 {_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mMà_mUo
nmÊ`mMr nmir nmdgmù`mV 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Zr, {hdmù`mV 18 Vo
20 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmù`mV 8 Vo 10 {Xdgm§Zr òB©b.
14) D$g (AmS>gmbr) 38-40 250-300 75 {_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mMà_mUo
nmÊ`mMr nmir nmdgmù`mV 15 {Xdgm§Zr, {hdmù`mV 20 {Xdgm§Zr
d CÝhmù`mV 10 {Xdgm§Zr òB©b.
15) D$g (ImoS>dm) 18-19 210 50{_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mà_mUo
nmÊ`mMr nmir nmdgmù`mV 12-13 {Xdgm§Zr, {hdmù`mV
18--19 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmù`mV 8-9 {Xdgm§Zr òB©b.
16) {_aMr (Iarn) 9-10 55-60 nmÊ`mMr nmir O{_ZrMo _JXwamà_mUo 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo Úmdr.
17) H$mabr (Iarn) 9-10 40-45 nmÊ`mMr nmir O{_ZrMo _JXwamà_mUo 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo Úmdr.
18) H$m§Xm (CÝhmir) 13-14 75-80 nmÊ`mMr nmir O{_ZrMo _JXwamà_mUo 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo Úmdr.
19) XmoS>H$m 13-14 75-80 nmÊ`mMr nmir O{_ZrMo _JXwamà_mUo 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo Úmdr.
20) dm§Jr (CÝhmir) 14-15 85-90 nmÊ`mMr nmir O{_ZrMo _JXwamà_mUo 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mo
A§VamZo Úmdr.
21) Ambo 16 100-110 nmÊ`mMr nmir CÝhmù`mV 9-10 {Xdgm§Zr,
nmdgmù`mV 13-14 {Xdgm§Zr Am{U
{hdmù`mV 18-19 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo Úmdr.
206Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

A. Vnerb nmÊ`mÀ`m EHy$U nmÊ`mMr EHy$U nmÊ`mÀ`m JaOoZwgma {nH$m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoMm
Z§. nmù`m JaO (g|._r.) _hÎdmÀ`m AdñWm noaUrnmgyZ H$mi ({Xdg)
Mmam {nHo$
1) _H$m (Iarn) 2 30-35 1) amon AdñWm (75 {_._r. nmÊ`mMo 15-20
~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda)
2) Vwam ~mhoa nS>Ê`mnydu (150 45-50
{_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ
Pmë`mda)
2) ~mOar (Om`§Q>) 2 30-35 1) \w$Q>do \w$Q>Ê`mMr AdñWm (75 15-20
Iarn {_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda
3) Ádmar Ama. Eg. 2 30-35 1) amon AdñWm (75 {_._r. nmÊ`mMo 15-20
11-4 (Iarn) ~mînr^dZ Pmë`mda)
2) nrH$ nmoQ>arV AgVmZm (150 45-50
{_._r. nmÊ`mMr ~mînr^dZ
Pmë`mda)
4) bgyU Kmg 34 225 50 {_._r. nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ
(VrZ dfu`) (à{Vdfu) (à{Vdfu) Pmë`mda nmUr Úmdo. Ë`mM
à‘mUo nmÊ¶mMr nmir nmdgmù¶mV
8-10 {Xdgm§Zr, {hdmù`mV 12-
13 {Xdgm§Zr d CÝhmù`mV 6-7
{Xdgm§Zr òB©b.
Q>rn …
H$mnyg d D$g nrH$ gmoSy>Z BVa gd© {nH$m§Zm àËòH$ nmirV 6 g|._r. ImobrMo nmUr gmao nÕVrZo Úmdo. _mÌ H$mnyg `m
{nH$mg àËòH$ nmirg 7-8 g|._r. nmUr gar da§~m nÕVrZo Úmdo. VgoM darb _m{hVr _Ü`_ Vo Imob H$mù`m O{_ZrgmR>r
`mo½` Amho. `m ì`{Varº$ BVa àH$maÀ`m O{_ZrgmR>r `mM {e’$maer V§VmoV§V bmJy nS>VrbM Ago Zmhr. nmÊ`mMr EHy$U JaO
`m_Üò noaUrMo doiog {Xbobo nmUr d Cn`wº$ nmD$g `m§Mm g_mdoe Amho.
nrH$ JwUm§H$
{nH$m§Mr nmÊ¶mMr JaO hr {nH$mÀ¶m dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWm d hdm‘mZ øm à‘mUo ~XbV AgVo. {d{dY {nH$m§gmR>r,
Ë¶mÀ¶m dmT>rÀ¶m AdñWoà‘mUo ¶m {dÚmnrR>mZo Imbrb nrH$ JwUm§H$ ~mînnUm}Ëg©OZ H$mT>Ê¶mMm noZ‘Z ‘m°ÝQ>rW øm
nÕVrgmo~V dmnaÊ¶mV ¶mdo.
noaUrZ§VaMm noZ‘Z ‘m°ÝQ>rW
AmR>dS>m Jhþ haâm Ádmar(aã~r) H$aS>B© gmo¶m~rZ H$m§Xm _Yw_H$m
1 0.71 0.85 0.42 0.25 0.51 0.63 0.61
2 0.88 0.84 0.61 0.36 0.57 0.69 0.58
3 1.03 0.55 0.64 0.60 0.66 0.73 0.63
4 1.15 0.95 0.71 0.88 0.76 0.79 0.71
5 1.24 1.04 0.70 1.11 0.86 0.85 0.80
6 1.31 1.12 0.87 1.27 0.95 0.92 0.87
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 207

7 1.36 1.18 1.17 1.33 1.02 1 0.91
8 1.38 1.21 1.03 1.30 1.08 1.08 0.91
9 1.36 1.20 1.03 1.20 1.10 1.15 0.89
10 1.31 1.15 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.20 0.83
11 1.22 1.05 0.82 0.88 1.05 1.23 0.77
12 1.10 0.91 0.77 0.73 0.98 1.21 0.70
13 0.94 0.75 0.87 0.61 0.80 1.14 0.63
14 0.76 0.57 0.76 0.55 0.80 1.01 0.60
15 0.57 0.38 0.73 0.53 0.71 0.81 0.59
16 0.39 0.23 0.86 0.53 0.65 0.54 --
17 0.22 0.12 0.67 0.50 -- -- --
18 -- -- 0.56 0.35 -- -- --
19 -- -- 0.36 -- -- -- --
20 -- -- 0.31 -- -- -- --
darb V³Ë¶mbm n¶m©¶ åhUyZ Imbrb gwÌ dmnaVm ¶oB©b.
darb VŠË`mbm n`m©` åhUyZ Imbrb gyÌo dmnaVm òVrb.
noZ‘Z ‘m°ÝQ>rW nÕV … gmo¶m~rZ

Q> 5+0.140 -Q> 4 - 8.761 -Q> 3+ 5.862 -Q> 2+0.260 -Q> + 0.494
[]
nrH$ JwUm§H$ =2.647 -
R> []
R> R> [] R> [] []
R>
208Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

noZ_Z _m°ÝQ>rW nÜXV … H$m§Xm
Q> 5 4 3 2
-R>Q> +20.15 -R>Q> - 5.761 -R>Q> +1.498 -R>Q> + 0.561
[ R> ]
nrH$ JwUm§H$ =8.062 - -24.31
[] [] [] []
noZ_Z _m°ÝQ>rW nÜXV … _Yw_H$m
Q> 5 Q> 4 3 2
-R>Q> +17.82 -R>Q> -2.174 -R>Q> + 0.659
[ R> ]
nrH$ JwUm§H$ =-8.523 - +31.21 -
[ R> ] -38.39
[] [] []
Q> -{Xdg
R> - nrH$ H$mbmdYr
‘¶m©{XV qgMZ
~mJm¶Vr Jhÿ {nH$mÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r d nmÊ¶mÀ¶m H$m¶©j‘ dmnamgmR>r {nH$mÀ¶m AdñWoZwgma Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo
nmUr XoUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. nmÊ¶mMr ‘¶m©{XV CnbãYVm qH$dm Q>§MmB© gX¥î¶ n[apñWVrV, ~mJm¶Vr Jhÿ {nH$mÀ¶m A{YH$
CËnmXZmgmR>r ~mînUm©oËgO©ZmÀ¶m 90 Q>¸o$ nmUr Xa XmoZ AmR>dS>çm§Zr XoÊ¶mV ¶mdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 209

’$Q>vJoeZ V§Ì ({dÐmì¶ IVo XoÊ¶mÀ¶m nÜXVr)
gwú‘qgMZ qH$dm {R>~H$ qgMZ g§Mm‘YyZ nmÊ¶m~amo~aM Ðdén qH$dm nmÊ¶mV {dÐmì¶ ({daKiUmar) IVo {nH$mg XoUo
¶mbmM ’$Q>uJoeZ åhUVmV. gwú‘ qgMZ g§Mm‘YwZ {nH$m§Zm {dÐmì¶ IVo XoÊ¶mgmR>r àm‘w»¶mZo IVmMr Q>mH$s, ìh|À¶war Am{U
B§Oo³eZ n§n B. CnH$aUo dmnabr OmVmV.
ìh|À¶war
ìh|À¶war hr S>‘éÀ¶m AmH$mamMr ‘Ü¶^mJr H$‘r hmoV OmUmè¶m ì¶mgmMr Agë¶m‘wio nmÊ¶mMm dmhÊ¶mMm doJ dmT>Vmo d
ìh|À¶warÀ¶m ‘Ü¶^mJr CnbãY Xm~ H$‘r hmoD$Z IVmÀ¶m Q>mH$s‘Yrb IVmMo emofU H$ê$Z nwT>o ‘w»¶ Zir‘YyZ g§Mm‘Ü¶o
Ambobo IV CnZù¶m‘YyZ qgMZmMo doir {S´>ng©‘m’©$V O{‘Zrda {Xbo OmVo. IV Q>mH$s‘Yrb nmÊ¶mV {‘gimdo d Z§Va Ë¶m
Q>mH$sV ìh|À¶war Z{bHo$VyZ {ZKmbobr Zir gmoS>Ê¶mV ¶mdr. {R>~H$ qgMZ g§M gwê$ Ho$ë¶mZ§Va AmH¥$VrV XmI{dboë¶m XmoÝhr
{Z¶§ÌH$ PS>nm gwê$ Ho$ë¶m H$s ‘J Q>mH$sVrb IVo ìh|À¶warVyZ emofbo/AmoT>bo OmVo d Vo g§MmÀ¶m nmB©n‘Yrb nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmhmV
{‘giyZ CnZ{bHo$darb Agboë¶m {S´>na‘YyZ AWdm PmS>m§À¶m/{nH$m§À¶m ‘wim§À¶m H$joV gmoS>bo OmVo.
{Z¶§ÌU PS>n ‘w»¶ Zir

nmUr
1 {Z¶§ÌU PS>n 2
ìh|À¶war Z{bH$m
IV (Ðdénr) AmoT>Umar Zir
Ðdén IV AWdm
IV{‘{lV nmUr
ßb°{ñQ>H$Mr ~mXbr
{R>~H$ g§MmVyZ IVo XoÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶moJmV AmUmd¶mMr ìh|À¶war Z{bH$m
IV Q>mH$s
IVmÀ¶m Q>mH$sÛmao nmÊ¶mV {daKiUmar IVo {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao {nH$mÀ¶m ‘wimÀ¶m H$m¶©j‘ joÌmV XoVm ¶oVmV. Q>mH$sMm
ì¶mg 30 Vo 50 go‘r d j‘Vm 30 Vo 160 {bQ>a AgVo. ¶m Q>mH$sg nmUr AmV ¶oÊ¶mMo d ~mhoa OmÊ¶mMo Aem àH$maMo XmoZ nmB©n
AgVmV. AmV ¶oÊ¶mMo Vm|S> Q>mH$sÀ¶m Vimer CKS>bo OmVo Va ~mhoaMo Vm|S> IVmÀ¶m Q>mH$sÀ¶m Omirg daÀ¶m ~mOyg AgVo.
‘w»¶dm{hZrda XmoZ OmoS>mÀ¶m ‘Ü¶o EH$ PS>n ~g{dbobr AgVo. Ë¶m‘wio nmUr AmV ¶oÊ¶mÀ¶m doJmda {Z¶§ÌU R>odVm ¶oVo. AmV
¶oUmè¶m d ~mhoa OmUmè¶m nmB©nÀ¶m Vm|S>mOdirb nmÊ¶mÀ¶m Xm~mVrb ’$aH$m‘wio IV{‘lrV nmUr ‘w»¶ZirVAmoT>bo OmVo.
Q>mH$sVrb IV{‘lrV nmÊ¶mMo ÐmdU Q>mH$sÀ¶m AmVrb Vm|S>mÛmao ¶oUmè¶m nmUr àdmhm‘wio Q>mH$sÀ¶m ~mhoaÀ¶m Vm|S>mÛmao
‘w»¶dm{hZrV gmoS>bo OmVo Am{U Q>mH$sVrb nmÊ¶mV {daKiboë¶m IVmMr Vrd«Vm hiyhiy H$‘r hmoD$Z eodQ>r ‘yi nmUr {e„H$
amhVo.
B§Oo³eZ n§n
¶m‘Ü¶o B§YZ, {dÚwV COm© qH$dm nmÊ¶mMm Xm~ dmnê$Z IV ‘w»¶Zir‘Ü¶o gmoS>Ê¶mV ¶oVo. n§n qH$‘VrZo OmñV AgVmV.
Ë¶m‘wio e³¶Vmo h[aVJ¥hm‘Ü¶o IVo XoVmZm Aem àH$maMo B§Oo³eZ n§n dmnaÊ¶mV ¶oVmV. VgoM {R>~H$ qgMZmImbrb joÌ OmñV
Agë¶mda XoIrb Ago n§n V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r J§O {da{hV gm{hË¶ åhUOo ßbmpñQ>H$, ’$m¶~a ¶mMm Cn¶moJ Ho$bm OmVmo qH$dm
IV{‘lrV nmÊ¶mÀ¶m ghdmgmV ¶oUmè¶m ^mJmda Aem gm{hË¶mMo AmdaU (H$moQ>tJ) V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
210 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

’${Q>©JoeZ H$aVmZm ¿¶md¶mMr XjVm
1 {R>~H$ VmoQ>çm / {S´>ng© O{‘Zrda ¶mo½¶[aVrZo R>odmdoV.
2 {R>~H$ VmoQ>çm / {S´>ng© ¶m‘Ü¶o ‘mVr qH$dm nmbmnmMmoim OmUma Zmhr ¶mMr H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
3 {R>~H$ / gwú‘ qgMZ g§Mm‘Ü¶o IV, eodmio, J§YH$, bmoh qH$dm BVa jma gmMy XoD$ Z¶o. Ë¶m‘wio CËgO©H$ / {R>~H$
VmoQ>çm ~§X nS>VmV. eodmi Agë¶mg ³bmo[aZ à{H«$¶m d amgm¶{ZH$ AewÜXVm Agë¶mg Amåb à{H«$¶m H$amdr.
4 KZén IVo nmÊ¶m~amo~a XoVmZm Vr nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o nyU©nUo {daKiUmar ({dÐmì¶) AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
5 nmÊ¶mVrb ‘rR> qH$dm BVa agm¶Zm~amo~a IVmMr amgm¶{ZH$ à{H«$¶m Pmë¶mg H°$pëe¶‘ d gë’o$Q>nmgyZ {Oßg‘ V¶ma
hmoVmo Am{U g§M ({R>~H$ VmoQ>çm / CËgO©H$, gwú‘Zù¶m) ~§X nS>VmV. Aemdoir g§Mmbm Amåbà{H«$¶m H$ê$Z g§M gm’$
H$amdm.
6 Á¶m g§Mm‘YyZ ’${Q>©JoeZ H$amd¶mMo Amho Vmo g§M dmnaÊ¶mg gwb^ Agmdm. VgoM ¶mo½¶ {S>PmB©Z Ho$bobm à‘m{UV Xm~
CnbãY H$aUmam g§M Agob VaM gd© gmYZo dmnaVm ¶oVmV.
7 {OdmU§y‘wio ‘±Jo{ZO Am°³gmB©S> Oo Vm§~S>çm / H$mù¶m a§JmMo AgVo Vo V¶ma hmoVo. VgoM nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o AgUmè¶m jmam§Mr
H°$pëe¶‘ / ‘°½Zo{e¶‘ ~amo~a amgm¶{ZH$ à{H«$¶m hmoD$Z VmoQ>çm§‘Ü¶o nm§T>è¶m a§JmMm gmH$m V¶ma hmoVmo.
eoS>ZoQ>J¥h V§ÌkmZ
eoS>ZoQ>J¥h ho gmdbrgmR>r ZoQ> (Omir) øm àH$maÀ¶m AmÀN>mXZmZo PmH$bobm gm§JmS>m ’«o$‘ Agbobo Ka AgyZ Vo Or.Am¶
nmB©n, bmoI§S>r A±Jëg, bmHy$S> qH$dm ~m§~y ¶m§nmgyZ ~Z{dbobo AgVo. Vo {Za{Zamù¶m gmdbrÀ¶m JwUm§H$mÀ¶m ßbmñQ>rH$À¶m
OmirZo (eoS>ZoQ>g²) PmH$bobo AgVo. ¶m Omù¶m {d{eîQ>> ¶w.ìhr. g§ñH$marV Aem 100 Q>³Ho$ nm°brB©{W{bZ Ym½¶m§nmgyZ V¶ma
Ho$boë¶m AgVmV. ¶m eoS>ZoQ>À¶m ghmæ¶mZo {Xdgm {nH$m§gmR>r àH$memMr Vrd«Vm d à^mdr CîUVm H$‘r H$aVm ¶oV Agë¶mZo
~è¶mM A§er dmVmdaUmda {Z¶§ÌU H$aVm ¶oVo. ¶m‘wio h[aVJ¥hmà‘mUo eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMm Cn¶moJ {Za{Zamù¶m ^mOrnmbm d H$mhr
’w$b{nH$m§gmR>r Cn¶w³V Aer dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr H$ê$Z Mm§Jë¶m àVrMo OmñV CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r H$aVm ¶oVmo. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV
dmVmdaUmVrb Vmn‘mZ, AmÐ©Vm, H$~©dm¶w, dmam BË¶mXr KQ>H$m§da ~è¶mM à‘mUmV {Z¶§ÌU R>odVm ¶oV Agë¶mZo
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmVrb nrH$ bmJdS> hr CKS>çm eoVmVrb nrH$ bmJdS>rnojm Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ’$m¶Xoera R>aV Amho. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV
nmdgmim gmoSy>Z BVa hJm‘mV nrHo$ KoVm ¶oVmV.
Á¶mdoiog CÝhmMr Vrd«Vm OmñV AgVo Aemdoiog {nH$m§Zm Amdí¶H$Vonojm OmñV Vmn‘mZmV VJ ‘maUo H$R>rU hmoVo.
{edm¶ CÝhmù¶mV nmÊ¶mMr CnbãYVmhr H$‘r AgVo. H$‘r nmÊ¶mV d AVr Vmn‘mZmV nrH$ dmT>rda A{ZîQ> n[aUm‘ hmoVmV d
CËnmXZmV bjUr¶ KQ> Amë¶mZo CËnÞ H$‘r {‘iVo. Aem pñWVrV {nH$m§Zm eoS>ZoQ>À¶m ghmæ¶mZo gmdbr Ho$br Va
dmVmdaUmVrb Vmn‘mZ Va H$‘r hmoVoM {edm¶ {nH$m§Mr nmÊ¶mMr JaO gwÜXm H$‘r hmoVo d Ë¶m‘wio nrH$ bmJdS> ¶eñdr hmoVo.
{nH$m§gmR>r eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMo joÌ 5 Jw§R>çm§nmgwZ 1 EH$an¶ªV Agy eH$Vo.
eoS>ZoQ>J¥h bmJdS>rMo ’$m¶Xo

1. ~mOmanoR>oVrb ‘mJUrà‘mUo {nH$mMr bmJdS> H$aVm ¶oVo.
2. ^mOrnmbm {nH$m{edm¶ emo{^d§V bhmZ PmS>o, ’w$bPmS>o, ’$i^mÁ¶m, Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVr, ‘gmbm {nHo$ d Zg©ar
amono (^mOrnmbm d ’$iPmS>o) ¶m§Mr ¶eñdrnUo bmJdS> H$aVm ¶oVo.
3. {nH$mMo A{V d H$‘r Vmn‘mZ, dmam, JmaR>m, njr d {H$Q>H$ ¶m§À¶mnmgyZ g§ajU hmoVo.
4. {nH$mg OmñV AmÐ©Vm Amdí¶H$ Agë¶mg ’$m°Jg©À¶m ghmæ¶mZo {Z‘m©U H$aVm ¶oVo.
5. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmZo {deofV… CÝhmù¶mV {nH$mMo CËnmXZ, CËnmXH$Vm d JwUdËVm ¶m§À¶m ‘mÌoV bjUr¶ gwYmaUm hmoVo. Mm§Jë¶m
JwUdËVo‘wio Mm§Jbm ~mOma^md {‘iVmo.
6. bmJdS>rg A¶mo½¶ O{‘Zrda eoS>ZoQ>J¥h C^mê$Z Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ {‘i{dVm ¶oVo.
7. CÝhmù¶mV {nH$m§Mr CJdU Q>³Ho$dmar dmT>Vo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 211

eoS>ZoQMo àH$ma … eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMo N>VmÀ¶m AmH$mamZwgma gmYmaUnUo Imbrbà‘mUo àH$ma AmhoV.
> > gnmQ> N>VmMo eoS>ZoQ>J¥h (âb°Q> é’$)
A)
~) JmobmH$ma N>VmMo eoS>ZoQ>J¥h (S>mo‘eon é’$)
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmgmR>r OmJoMr {ZdS> … eoS>ZoQ>J¥h C^maÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mo½¶ OmJoMr {ZdS> H$aUo AË¶§V ‘hËdmMo Amho. Oa OmJoMr
{ZdS> MwH$br Va eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmVrb nrH$ bmJdS> An¶er R>ê$ eH$Vo. Ë¶mgmR>r OmJoMr {ZìmS> H$aVmZm Imbrb ~m~tMm Adb§~
H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo.
1. O‘rZ hr nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam hmoUmar Agmdr. {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ Zgob Va eoS>ZoQ>J¥hm^modVr Ma AWdm Xm§S> H$mT>mdm H$s
Á¶mVyZ nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam hmoB©b d eoS>ZoQ>J¥hm‘Ü¶o O‘rZrVrb nmÊ¶mMr nmVir {nH$mÀ¶m ‘wim§À¶m Imbr amhrb.
2. nmUWi OmJm eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmgmR>r {ZdSy> Z¶o d VgoM eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr OmJm ImobJQ> {R>H$mUr Zgmdr.
3. nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y 5.5 Vo 6.5 Xaå¶mZ d jmaVoMo à‘mU H$‘r Ec<1mmhos/cm Agboë¶m OmJm ¶mo½¶ AgVmV.
4. nmUr nwadR>çmMr gw{dYm Odinmg Agmdr. VgoM {dÚwVnwadR>çmMr gw{dYm Agmdr.
5. B‘maVr, ‘moR>o d¥j, B. Mr gmdbr eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmda nS>Uma Zmhr Aer OmJm {ZdS>mdr.
6. {ZdS>boë¶m OmJoV ânya gw¶©àH$me {‘iUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo.
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr {Xem … eoS>ZoQ>J¥h C^maVmZm JmobmH$ma N>V Agboë¶m eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr {Xem X{jUmoËVa (X{jU-CËVa) Aer
R>odmdr. ¶m‘mJMm hoVy åhUOo npíM‘oH$Sy>Z dmhUmam dmam ghOnUo nyd}H$Sy>Z {ZKyZ OmÊ¶mgmR>r eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr bm§~r X{jUmoËVa
KoUo ¶mo½¶ AgVo. ‘mÌ gnmQ> eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmgmR>r Hw$R>brhr {Xem R>odbr Var MmbVo.
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV bmJdS>rMo ‘mÜ¶‘ … eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV ^mOrnmbm bmJdS>rgmR>r bmJUmar O‘rZ Zoh‘rÀ¶m {e’$maerZwgma Agmdr.
‘mÌ Vr nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam AgUmar AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ Zgë¶mg d VgoM Cƒ ‘wë¶m§Mr ¿¶md¶mMr {nHo$
Agë¶mg bmb ‘mVr (30%), eoUIV (30%), dmiy (30%) d ^mVmMo Vwg (10%) ho EH$Ì H$ê$Z Ë¶mnmgyZ bmJdS>rMo
‘mÜ¶‘ V¶ma H$amdo. ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mnmgyZ {nH$mÀ¶m A§Vamà‘mUo JmXrdm’o$ V¶ma H$amdoV. ‘mVrMm gm‘y 6.5 Vo 7.5 Xaå¶mZ
Agmdm. ‘mVrVrb jmam§Mo à‘mU AÜ¶m© Q>³³¶m§nojm H$‘r Agmdo.
bmJdS>rÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mMo {ZOªVwH$sH$aU …Oa eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV {d{dY {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> H$amd¶mMr Agob Va JmXrdm’o$
~Z{dÊ¶mÀ¶m AmYr gd© ‘mVrMo {ZOªVwH$sH$aU H$aUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo. Ë¶mH$[aVm 100 Mm¡.‘r. ^mJmgmR>r 7.5 Vo 10 {bQ>a
’$m°a‘°{bZ Amåb KoD$Z Vo Ë¶mÀ¶m 10 nQ> nmÊ¶mV Q>mH$mdo. ¶m {‘lUmZo O{‘Zrda ñào qH$dm S´>oqMJ H$amdo. Z§Va H$mù¶m
ßbmpñQ>H$ nonaZo gmV {Xdg hdm~§X PmHw$Z R>odmdo. Ë¶mZ§Va 100 {bQ>a à{V Mm¡. ‘rQ>a ¶m XamZo Mm§Jbo nmUr dmnê$Z O‘rZ
’be H$ê$Z ¿¶mdr {H$ OoUoH$ê$Z O{‘ZrVrb Amåb¶w³V nmÊ¶mÀ¶m {ZMam hmoD$Z O‘rZ Amåb {da{hV hmoB©b. dm’$gm
Amë¶mZ§Va Ano{jV ‘mnm§à‘mUo JmXr dm’o$ V¶ma H$ê$Z Ë¶mda amonmMr bmJdS> H$amdr. ¶m{edm¶, O{‘ZrÀ¶m
{ZOªVwH$sH$aUmgmR>r {‘Wrb ~«mo‘mB©S> 25 Vo 30 J«°‘/Mm¡. ‘r. qH$dm ~mgm‘rS> 30 Vo 40 J«°‘ / Mm¡.‘r. ¶m à‘mUmV dmnaVm
¶oVo.
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV bmJdS>r ¶mo½¶ {nHo$ … eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMm Cn¶moJ àm‘w»¶mZo Cƒ ‘wë¶m§Mr ^mOrnmbm {nHo$ d ’w$b{nHo$ ¶m§À¶m
CËnmXZmgmR>r H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVmo. VgoM {~Ja h§Jm‘r {nHo$ KoÊ¶mgmR>r gwÜXm eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. ‘w»¶V… Imbrb {nHo$
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV bmJdS>rgmR>r KoVbr OmVmV.
1. T>mo~ir {‘aMr 7. BVa ^mOrnmbm {nHo$ Ogo H$s H$mH$S>r, dmQ>mUm, âbm°da, H$mo~r, dm§Jr,
2. Q>mo‘°Q>mo {‘aMr ^|S>r B.
3. H$mH$S>r 8. gd© ^mOrnmbm {nH$m§À¶m amondmQ>rH$m
4. ~«moH$mobr 9. gd© ’$iPmS>o {nH$m§À¶m amondmQ>rH$m
5. boQ>çyg 10. ^mOrnmbm {nH$m§Mo {~¶mUo KoÊ¶mgmR>r
6. AÝWw[a¶‘ 11. Am°{H©$S>
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr C^maUr … eoS>ZoQ>J¥h C^maVm§Zm Imbrb ~m~r Vm§{ÌH$ÑîQ>çm ¶mo½¶ AgUo Amdí¶H$ AgVo.
1. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMo ’$mD§$S>oeZ (nm¶m)
2. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmMr ’«o$‘ (gm§JmS>m)
3. gm§JmS>m OmoS>Ê¶mgmR>r ZQ>~moëQ> d ³b°ån
4. eoS>ZoQ> (Omir)
5. eoS>ZoQ> ~g{dUo.
6. eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV O{‘ZrbJV ¶w.ìhr. {’$ë‘ bmdUo (ñH$Q>vJ)
darb KQ>H$m§Mo / ~m~tMo Vm§{ÌH$ {ZH$f Imbr g{dñVa {Xbobo AmhoV.
212 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g C^maUrgmR>r Vm§{ÌH$ {ZH$f
1. Im§~mgmR>r nŠH$m nm`m KoVbobm Agmdm. IS²>S>çmMm AmH$ma 112 \y$Q> Agmdm. Ë`mM _Ymo_Y Or. Am`.Mm.
\$mD§$S>oeZ nmB©n ~gdyZ Ë`mg hmoëS> \$mñQ> ~ma Q>mHy$Z 1…2…4 à_mUmV {g_|Q>, dmiy, IS>r KoD$Z V`ma Ho$bobo {g_|Q>
H«$m±H«$sQ> âmdo.
2. eoS>ZoQ> hmD$gMo {d{dY _m°S>ob d AmH$ma_mZ àm_w»`mZo amD§$S> Q>mB©n d âb°Q> Q>mB©n AmhoV. VgoM AmamIS>çmà_mUo
~mOyMr C§Mr d _Ü`^mJmMr C§Mr R>odÊ`mV `mdr. eoS>ZoQ> hmD$ggmR>r Amdí`H$VoZwgma 50 qH$dm 75 Q>¸o$ eoS>tJMr eoS>ZoQ>
dmnaÊ`mV `mdr. eoS>ZoQ>Mo {\$Q>tJ A°ë`w{_{Z`_ M°Zob nÅ>r_Üò pñà¨JÀ`m ghmæ`mZo Ho$bobo Agmdo.
3. eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g_Üò pñà¨H$ba qH$dm {S´>n B[aJoeZMr gmo` Ho$bobr Agmdr.
4. eoS>ZoQ>hmD$gbm gd© ~mOy§Zr O{_ZrnmgyZ 1 _rQ>a C§Mrn`ªV ñH${Q>ªJgmR>r 100 Or.Eg.E_. À`m OmAmo \°${~«H$ {\$ë_Mm
Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mV `mdm.
5. eoS>ZoQ d nm°brhmD$gÀ`m AmVyZ {H$S>amoYH$ZoQ> bmdUo Amdí`H$ Amho. H$maU Ë`m_yio \w$bo d ^mOrnmbm {nH$m§da
òUmè`m {H$S>rMm VgoM {H$S>r_m\©$V àgma hmoUmè`m amoJmÀ`m àgmamg O~m~Xma AgUmè`m {H$Q>H$m§À`m àdoemg AdamoYZ
hmoD$Z {deofV… {dfmUyOÝ` amoJm§Mm àmXþ^m©d H$_rV H$_r H$aVm òUo eŠ` hmoB©b.
6. eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g C^maUrgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òUmè`m gm{hË`mn¡H$s Á`m gm{hË`m§Mo AmÈgAm`/~rAmÈg _mZHo$ {ZpíMV
H$aÊ`mV Ambobr AmhoV Vo gm{hË` Ë`m _ZH$mà_mUo AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
7. _moZmo {\$bm_|Q> ZoQ> ho {d{dY àH$maÀ`m Q>onZoQ> nojm gag Agë`m_wio à{V Mm¡._r. _moZmoZoQ>bm Q>onZoQ>À`m VwbZoV OmñVrMm
IM© òV Agë`mMr ~m~ {dMmamV KodyZ EopÀN>H$ IMm©_Üò à{V Mm¡._r. é. 10 hm A{YH$Mm Xa Xo` am{hb. _moZmo
{\$bm_|Q>À`m dmnam_wio h[aVJ¥hmMr/eoS>ZoQ>Mr {Q>H$mD$ j_Vm, `mo½` à_mUmV {nH$m§Zm àH$me d gmdbr {_iUo. VgoM
JmanrQ>, njr d YyirnmgyZ gwa{jVVm {_iV Agë`m_wbo _mZmo {\$bm_|Q> dmnamH$[aVm A{YH$Mm Xa EopÀN>H$ ñdénmV
_mÝ` H$aÊ`mV Ambobm Amho.
8. gwú_qgMZ - eoS>ZoQ>hmD$g _Yrb gwú_qgMZmH$[aVm H$m°ñQ>Zm°_©_Üò VaVyX H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho.
9. eoVH$è`m§Mr _mJUr d JaO {dMmamV KoD$Z `m nwduMr eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g àH$mamVrb H$mhr _m°S>oëgMr C§Mr dmT>{dÊ`mV òD$Z
H$mhr _m°S>oëg² Zì`mZo g_m{dï> H$aÊ`mV Ambobo AmhoV.
10. _hmamï´>mVrb hdm_mZ {d^mJ, Vm§{ÌH$ JaO d `moOZm am~{dÊ`mVrb gwb^Vm {dMmamV KoD$Z h[aVJ¥h d eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g
àH$mam_Üò Amdí`H$ gwYmaUm H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV.
11. h[aVJ¥h d eoS>ZoQ>hmD$g C^maUrgmR>r nwadR>mXmam§H$Sy>Z àmá gm{hË` IaoXrÀ`m ~rbm§_Üò gpìh©gQ>°Šg d ìh°Q> `m§Mr a¸$_
Z_yX Ho$bobr Agë`mMr AZwXmZ {ddaUm nydu g§~§{YV A{YH$mè`mZo ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
12. h[aVJ¥h d eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g nyU© H$m`m©ÝdrV Pmë`mZ§VaM Xo` AZwXmZ AXm H$aÊ`mV òVo.
13. OmñV C§MrÀ`m eoS>ZoQ>hmD$gMo \$mC§S>oeZ nmB©nMr gmB©O - 48 E_.E_. d H$mb°_Mr gmB©O - 60 E_.E_. Agmdr.
14. amD§$S> Q>mB©n d OmñV C§MrÀ`m âb°Q> Q>m°n eoS>ZoQ> hmD$gMr J«rS> 6 {_. 4 {_. Agmdr. H$_r C§MrÀ`m âb°Q> Q>m°n eoS>ZoQ>
hmD$gMr J«rS> 6 {_. 6 {_. Agmdr.
15. amC§S> Q>mB©n eoS>ZoQ> hmD$gMr C§Mr 4 {_. d 5 {_. d âb°Q> Q>mB©n eoS>ZoQ>hmD$gMr C§Mr 3.25 {_. d 4 {_. R>odÊ`mV `mdr.
eoS>ZoQ>hmD$g C^maUrgmR>r {ZpíMV Ho$bobo IMm©Mo _mnX§S>

amD$S> Q>mB©n (Round Type) d âb°Q> Q>mB©n (Flat Type) àH$mamÀ`m eoS>ZoQ>hmD$gÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r AmH$ma_mZmZwgma
d {d{dY _m°S>oëgZwgma à{V Mm¡._r. joÌmgmR>r òUmè`m IMm©À`m A§XmOnÌH$mMm Vn{eb Imbrb à_mUo Amho. `m _§Oya
_mnX§S>mZwgmaM EHy$U IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ _`m©XoV AZwXmZ Xo` Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 213

eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g
~m~ _m°S>obMm àH$ma EHw$U joÌ _m°S>obZwgma Xo` à{V Mm¡._r. IM© _mnX§S> (é.)
(Mm¡._r.) h[aVJ¥hmMm
AmH$ma gd©gmYmaU A{Ygy{MV
(é§Xr bm§~r) joÌ S>moJami joÌ
RTSNH5M-500 504 18 28 699 804
RTSNH5M-1000 1008 36 28 650 748
RTSNH5M-2000 2016 36 56 597 687
42 48 599 689
eoS>ZoQ>
3024 42 72 572 658
hmD$g
RTSNH5M-3000 3072 48 64 572 658
(Round Type)
5 _r.C§Mr 3024 54 56 573 659
4032 48 54 555 638
4080 60 68 555 638
RTSNH5M-4000
4032 72 56 558 642
4056 78 52 559 643
RTSNH4M-500 504 18 28 609 700
RTSNH4M-1000 1008 36 28 560 644
36 56 514 591
RTSNH4M-2000 2016 42 48 515 592
eoS>ZoQ>
3024 42 72 490 564
hmD$g
RTSNH4M-3000 3072 48 64 490 564
(Round Type)
4 _r.C§Mr 3024 54 56 491 565
4032 48 84 472 543
4080 60 68 473 544
RTSNH4M-4000 4032 72 56 475 546
4056 78 52 476 547
1040 20 52 549 631
FTSNH4M-1000
1088 32 34 538 619
eoS>ZoQ> 2048 32 64 489 562
FTSNH4M-2000
hmD$g 2024 44 46 488 561
(Flat Type) 3016 52 58 548 527
4 _r.C§Mr FTSNH4M-3000
3040 40 76 459 528
4000 40 100 440 506
FTSNH4M-4000
4096 64 64 436 501
FTSNH3.25M-1000 1012 22 46 451 518
FTSNH3.25M-2000 2080 40 52 388 458

eoS>ZoQ>
hmD$g 3016 52 58 369 424
(Flat Type) FTSNH-3000
3040 40 76 371 427
3.25 _r.C§Mr 4000 40 100 355 408
FTSNH3.25M-4000
4096 64 64 351 404
4048 46 88 353 406
4060 58 70 351 404
214 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

AZwXmZ _`m©Xm
1. darbà_mUo amD§$S> Q>mB©n àH$mamÀ`m eoS>ZoQ> hmD$ggmR>r H$_rV H$_r 500 Mm¡._r. Va OmñVrV OmñV 4000 Mm¡._r. joÌ
_`m©Xon`ªV _§Oya _mnX§S>mZwgma òUmè`m IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ AWdm àË`j IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ `mn¡H$s Oo H$_r Agob Vo
AZwXmZ gd© àH$maÀ`m bm^mÏ`mªZm Xo` amhrb.
2. VgoM âb°Q> Q>mB©n àH$maÀ`m eoS>ZoQ> hmD$g_Üò H$_rV H$_r 1000 Mm¡._r. Va OmñVrV OmñV 4000 Mm¡._r. joÌ
AZwXmZ gd© àH$maÀ`m bm^mWvZm Xo` amhrb.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 215

h[aVJ¥h V§ÌkmZ
h[aVJ¥h C^maUr … h[aVJ¥hmMm Cn¶moJ àm‘w»¶mZo h§Jm‘r d {~Jah§Jm‘r {nHo$ KoÊ¶mgmR>r, CÀM àVrÀ¶m ’w$bm§À¶m
CËnmXZmgmR>r d CVrg§dY©ZmÛmao V¶ma Ho$boë¶m amonm§Mr dmT> H$aUo d amondmQ>rH$m V¶ma H$aÊ¶mgmR>r H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVmo.
h[aVJ¥hmMo àH$ma
A) dmVmdaU {Z¶§{ÌV h[aVJ¥h … ¶m àH$maÀ¶m h[aVJ¥hm‘Ü¶o Vmn‘mZ d AmÐ©Vm {d{dY V§Ì dmnê$Z {Z¶§{ÌV Ho$br OmVo.
¶m‘Ü¶o ’$m°Jg©Mm dmna {nH$m§À¶m Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo Ho$bm OmVmo. ¶m àH$maÀ¶m h[aVJ¥hmgmR>r dm¶ydrOZ n§Io, goë¶wbmoOMo
nS>Xo Amdí¶H$ AmhoV. ’°$Z, n°S> d gwú‘ qgMZmgmR>r {dOoMr JaO AgVo. VgoM nS>Úmda nmUr nS>Ê¶mgmR>r {dÚwV n§n
VgoM Zi OmoS>Ur AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
~) Z¡g{J©H$ dm¶w{dOZ h[aVJ¥h … ¶m àH$maMo h[aVJ¥h Z¡g{J©H$ dm¶wdrOZmda AmYm[aV AgwZ ¶m AmYmao {nH$m§À¶m
Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo Vmn‘mZ, AmÐ©Vm d H$m~©ZS>m¶-Am°³gmB©S> dm¶yMo à‘mU amIVm ¶oVo. ¶m‘Ü¶o {H$Q>H$ d OrdmUy§Mm àdoe
Q>miÊ¶mgmR>r ßb°ñQ>rH$Mr Omir (BÝgo³Q> ZoQ>) dmnaÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
h[aVJ¥hmÀ¶m dm¶w{dOZgmR>r R>odbobr C§Mrdarb PS>n hr CËVa qH$dm nyd© {Xeog CKS>Umar Agmdr, åhUOoM h[aVJ¥hmMo
Vmn‘mZ H$‘r amIÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. dm¶w{dOZ åhUOo h[aVJ¥hmVrb Ja‘ hdm ~mhoa H$mT>Uo d h[aVJ¥hmVrb Vmn‘mZ, AmÐ©Vm,
H$m~©Zdm¶w d {nH$m^modVmbMr IoiVr hdm {Z¶§{ÌV R>odUo hmo¶. h[aVJ¥hmÀ¶m dm¶w{dOZgmR>r EHy$U joÌmn¡H$s 30 Q>³Ho$ joÌ
W§S> hdm AmV ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r d AmVrb hdm ~mhoa H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r CKS>o R>odÊ¶mMr gmo¶ Agmdr. h[aVJ¥hmVrb Vmn‘mZ
{Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r A{Vgyú‘ ’$dmam g§¶Ì, ’$m°JtJ {gñQ>r‘ AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. {nH$m§À¶m JaOoZwgma N>Vmbm 50 Q>³Ho$ d ~mOybm
35 Q>³Ho$ nm§T>è¶m a§JmMr ¶w.ìhr. ñQ>°~rbmB©ÁS> eoS>ZoQ> Agmdr.
h[aVJ¥hmgmR>r OmJoMr {ZdS>
H$mir {ZMam Z hmoUmar O‘rZ Agob Va XmoZ B§M OmS>rMm dmiyMm Wa XoD$Z Ë¶mda dm’o$ H$amdoV d h[aVJ¥hm^modVr
XrS> ’y$Q> ~m¶ XrS> ’y$Q> AmH$mamMm Ma H$mT>mdm OoUoH$ê$Z nmÊ¶mMm ¶mo½¶ {ZMam hmoB©b; ânya gy¶©àH$me Á¶m {R>H$mUr
h[aVJ¥hmg {‘iy eHo$b Aer OmJm {ZdS>mdr; eoVmV C§M gIb O‘rZ Agë¶mg {ZdS> Ho$boë¶m OmJoMo gnmQ>rH$aU H$amdo;
nmUWi OmJm h[aVJ¥hmgmR>r dmnê$ Z¶o; ‘moR>çm d¥jmÀ¶m gmdbrV qH$dm B‘maVrÀ¶m gmdbrV qH$dm B‘maVrÀ¶m AS>moemMr
OmJm {ZdSy> Z¶o; nmUr nwadR>çmÀ¶m gw{dYm Odinmg AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. nmÊ¶mMm gm‘y 6.0 Vo 7.5 À¶m Xaå¶mZ
d jmaVoMo à‘mU OmñVrV OmñV 0.1 Vo 0.5 {‘.br. ‘mohmoO/go‘r BVHo$ AgUo Ano{jV Amho; {dÚwV nwadR>çmMr gw{dYm
Amdí¶H$ Amho.
h[aVJ¥hmMr {Xem R>a{dVmZm XmoZ ~m~r {dMmamV ¿¶mì¶mV
1. dmT>Umè¶m {nH$mg nwaogm gy¶©àH$me {‘imdm.
2. dmhUmè¶m dmè¶mnmgyZ h[aVJ¥hmg YmoH$m Zgmdm. ¶m XmoÝhr ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z h[aVJ¥hmMr {Xem X{jU-CËVa R>odmdr.
Ë¶m‘wio darb PS>n (ìhoÝQ>) nyd©/CËVa {Xeog ¶oB©b.
h[aVJ¥h C^maUrgmR>r bjmV R>odmd`mÀ`m Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r
1. Im§~mgmR>r n¸$m nm`m KoVbobm Agmdm. ISS>çmMm AmH$ma 1.5 1.5 2 \y$Q> Agmdm. Ë`mV _Ymo_Y \$mD§$S>oeZ
nmB©n ~gdyZ Ë`mV hmoëS>\$mñQ> ~ma Q>mHy$Z H$m±H«$sQ> âmdo. H$m±H«$sQ> âVmZm {g_|Q>, dmiy d IS>rMo à_mU 1…4…8 `m à_mUo
¿`mdo.
2. N>Vmbm R>odÊ`mV òUmao ìhoÝQ> 0.8 Vo 1.0 _rQ>a C§MrMo Agmdo d ìh|ÝQ>Mr {Xem nyd© qH$dm CÎma Agmdr.
3. h[aVJ¥hmÀ`m EH$m H§$nmQ>©_|Q>Mr é§Xr 8 _rQ>anojm OmñV Zgmdr.
4. XmoZ H§$nmQ>©_Yrb N>VmÀ`m nm°brWrZ {\$ë_darb nmdgmMo nmUr dmhÿZ ZoÊ`mgmR>r Or.Am`. nÍ`mMoM JQ>a Agmdo.
5. N>VmgmR>r bmJUmar {\$ë_ AëQ´>mìhm`moboQ> ñQ>°{~bmB©ÁS> ßb°pñQ>H$Mr Agmdr d Ë`mMr OmS>r 200 _m`H«$m°Z Agmdr.
{\$ë_ dmnaVmZm BVa {ZH$f _mZm§H$Zmà_mUo AgmdoV. gmYmaUnUo 1 {H$bmo {\$ë__Üò 5.3 Mm¡._r. joÌ AmÀN>mXVm òVo.
{\$ë_Mr nmaXe©H$Vm Cƒ XOm©Mr 80 Vo 85 Q>¸o$ Agmdr.
6. nm°brWrZ {\$ë_Mr {\$Q>tJ A°ë`w{_ZrA_ M°Zb nÅ>r_Üò Or.Am`. pñà¨JÀ`m ghmæ`mZo H$amdr.
7. Mmahr ~mOyZo dm`w{dOZmgmR>r 3 {_Q>a C§MrMr OmJm R>odmdr d Vr amÌrÀ`mdoir H$Q>©ZÀ`m ghmæ`mZo ~§X H$aÊ`mMr gmo`
R>odrdr.
216 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

8 h[aVJ¥h C^maUrgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òUmè`m gm{hË`mn¡H$s Á`m gm{hË`mMo AmÈgAm`/~rAmÈg _mZHo$ {ZpíMV
H$aÊ`mV Ambobr AmhoV Vo gm{hË` _mZH$mà_mUo AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
9. h[aVJ¥hm§Mr C§Mr H$moH$U, _amR>dmS>m d npíM_ _hmamï´>mH$[aVm 6 _r. Am{U ImZXoe d {dX^m©H$[aVm 6.50 _r. H$aÊ`mV
`mdr.
10. h[aVJ¥hm§Mo \$mD§$S>oeZ nmB©nMr/gmB©O - 60 E_.E_. d H$m°b_Mr EH$M gmB©O - 76 E_.E_. R>odÊ`mV `mdr.
h[aVJ¥h C^maUrgmR>r {ZpíMV Ho$bobo IMm©Mo _mnX§S>
h[aVJ¥hmÀ`m Z¡g{J©H$ dm`w{dOZ (Open Vent Poly house) d dmVmdaU {Z`§{ÌV (Climate Control Ploy house)
àH$mamÀ`m h[aVJ¥hmÀ`m C^maUrgmR>r AmH$ma_mZmZwgma d {d{dY _m°S>oëgZwgma à{V Mm¡._r. joÌmgmR>r òUmè`m IMm©Mo
_mnX§S> nwT>rb à_mUo AmhoV. `m _§Oya _mnX§S>mZygmaM EHy$U àH$ën IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ AZwXmZ Xo` Amho.
h[aVJ¥h
~m~ _m°S>obMm àH$ma EHw$U joÌ _m°S>obZwgma Xo` à{V Mm¡._r. IM© _mnX§S> (é.)
(Mm¡._r.) h[aVJ¥hmMm
AmH$ma gd©gmYmaU A{Ygy{MV
(é§Xr bm§~r) joÌ S>moJami joÌ
OVPH5M-500
560 20 28 935 1075
h[aVJ¥h 560 28 20 935 1075
hmD$g 1008 28 36 935 1075
(OVPH) OVPH5M-1000
1008 36 28 935 1075
OVPH5M-2000
2016 36 56 890 1024
2080 52 40 890 1024
OVPH5M-3000
3120 52 60 844 971
3120 60 52 844 971
4080 60 68 844 971
OVPH5M-4000
4000 100 40 844 971
h[aVJ¥h 1008 28 36 1465 1685
CCPH5M-1000
hmD$g 1008 36 28 1465 1685
(CCPH) CCPH5M-2000
2016 36 56 1308 1504
2080 52 40 1366 1571
3120 52 60 1293 1487
CCPH5M-3000
3120 60 52 1323 1521
CCPH5M-4000
4080 68 60 1400 1610
4000 100 40 1325 1524
AZwXmZ _`m©Xm …
1. darbà_mUo Z¡g{J©H$ dm`y{dOZ àH$mamÀ`m h[aVJ¥hmgmR>r H${_VH$_r 500 Mm¡._r. Va OmñVrV OmñV 4000 Mm¡._r. joÌ
AZwXmZ gd© àH$maÀ`m bm^mÏ`mªZm Xo` amhrb.
2. dmVmdaU {Z`§{ÌV àH$maÀ`m h[aVJ¥hmgmR>r H${_VH$_r 1000 Mm¡._r. Va OmñVrV OmñV 4000 Mm¡._r. joÌ _`m©Xon`ªV
_§Oya _mnX§S>mZwgma òUmè`m IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ AWdm àË`j IMm©À`m 50 Q>¸o$ `mn¡H$s Oo H$_r Agob Vo AZwXmZ gd©
àH$maÀ`m bm^mÏ`mªZm Xo` amhrb.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 217

h[aVJ¥h d eoS>ZoQ>J¥h g§~§{YV {d{dY {nH$m§gmR>r H$mQ>oH$moa eoVrg§~§Yr {dÚmnrR>mÀ¶m {e’$maer
1. h[aVJ¥hmV Oa~oam ’w$bPmS>m§nmgyZ A{YH$ d XO©oXma ’w$bm§Mo CËnmXZ {‘iÊ¶mgmR>r bmJdS>rMo ‘mÜ¶‘ bmb
‘mVr+eoUIV+dmiy+^mVmMo Vyg ho 3…3…3…1 ¶m à‘mUmV dmnamdo.
2. h[aVJ¥hmV H$mZ}eZ ’w$bPmS>m§À¶m A{YH$ d XO}Xma ’w$bm§À¶m CËnmXZmgmR>r Xa AmR>dS>çmbm {dÐmì¶ IVm§Ûmao
gwê$dmVrÀ¶m EH$ ‘{hÝ¶mn¶ªV 3.70…1.30…2.90 J«°‘ ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme/Mm¡.‘r. Ë¶mZ§Va nwT>rb XmoZ ‘{hÝ¶mn¶ªV
3.75…1.20…4.50 J«°‘ ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme/Mm¡.‘r. Am{U VX²Z§Va 3.90…1.20…5.60 J«°‘ ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme/Mm¡.‘r.
XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
3. h[aVJ¥hmV Oa~oam ’w$bPmS>m§nmgwZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ ’$m¶Xm {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r 30 x 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda amonm§Mr
bmJdS> H$aÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
4. ‘w³V dm¶wg§Mm[aV h[aVJ¥hmVrb H$mZ}eZ ’w$bm§À¶m JwUdËVmnyU© A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ ’$m¶ÚmgmR>r H$mZ}eZMr
bmJdS> 15 x 15 g|.‘r. A§Vamda H$éZ Ë¶mg XaamoO ~mînr^dZmÀ¶m 60 Q>³Ho$ nmUr {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao XoÊ¶mMr
{e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
5. AY©-{Z¶§{ÌV h[aVJ¥hmV, Oa~oam ’w$bm§Mo A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ ’$m¶ÚmgmR>r, {R>~H$ qgMZmìXmao XaamoO
~mînr^dZmÀ¶m 60 Q>³Ho$ nmUr à{V AmR>dS>çmg 3.40…1.71…4.11 J«°‘ à{V Mm¡.‘r. ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme {dÐmì¶
IVm§À¶m ‘mÌoVwZ XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
6. Mm§Jë¶m àVrÀ¶m T>mo~ir {‘aMrÀ¶m (Am°³Q>mo~a bmJdS>) A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$ ’$m¶ÚmgmR>r 75 Q>³Ho$ gmdbrÀ¶m
eoS>ZoQ>J¥hmV bmJdS> H$ê$Z {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao XaamoO {nH$ ~mînnUm}ËgO©ZmÀ¶m 75 Q>³Ho$ nmUr XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag
H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
7. Z¡g{J©H$ dm¶w{dOZ h[aVJ¥hmVrb T>mo~ir {‘aMrÀ¶m (Am°³Q>mo~a bmJdS>) Mm§Jë¶m àVrÀ¶m A{YH$ CËnmXZ d Am{W©H$
’$m¶ÚmgmR>r {R>~H$ qgMZmVyZ {nH$ ~mînnUm}ËgO©ZmÀ¶m 70 Q>³Ho$ nmUr àVr {XZ Am{U {e’$maerV IV ‘mÌoÀ¶m 100
Q>³Ho$ {dÐmì¶ IVo (’w$bo ¶oÊ¶mnydu 8.0…2.8…4.0…2.8…0.2 {H$.J«°. àVr ho³Q>a Am{U ’w$bo Amë¶mZ§Va
6.0…3.0…15.03…3.0…0.3 {H$.J«°. àVr ho³Q>a ZÌ…ñ’w$aX…nmbme…H°$pëe¶‘…‘°½Zo{eA‘) {XdgmAmS> {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao
XoÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.

$ $
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
218 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eoVr‘Ü¶o AmÀN>mXZmMm dmna
AmÀN>mXZm‘wio eoVmV PmS>mOdirb eoV O{‘ZrMm n¥ð>^mJ PmHw$Z R>odVm ¶oVmo. Ë¶m‘wio nmÊ¶mMr ~MV d CËnÞ
dmT>{dÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO 20 Mo 30 Q>³³¶m§Zr H$‘r hmoVo VgoM O{‘ZrV hdm IoiVr amhVo d VUmMm
àmXþ^m©d H$‘r hmoVmo. ¶m {dÚmnrR>mV Pmboë¶m g§emoYZmÛmao Ago {XgyZ Ambo Amho H$s, H$mù¶m ßbmpñQ>H$À¶m AmÀN>mXZm‘wio
{nH$mZwgma 12 Vo 48 Q>¸o$ CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoD$Z, nmÊ¶mMr Odinmg 20 Q>¸o$ ~MV AmT>iyZ Ambr. VgoM VU {Z¶§ÌU
gamgar 80-90 Q>¸o$ hmoVo. H$mù¶m ßbmpñQ>H$ AmÀN>mXZm‘wio D$g d {‘aMr ¶m gma»¶m {nH$m§Mr CJdU 4 Vo 6 {Xdg bdH$a
hmoVo. {R>~H$ qgMZ nÕVrV AmÀN>mXZ Ho$ë¶mZo doJdoJù¶m {nH$m§À¶m CËnmXZmV 10 Vo 80 Q>¸o$ bjUr¶ dmT> Pmbr Amho,
VgoM nmÊ¶mMr 10 Q>¸o$ A{V[aº$ ~MV Pmë¶mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo.
AmÀN>mXZmMo {d{dY àH$ma
1. g|{Ð¶ AmÀN>mXZo … CXm. ÁdmarMr YgH$Q>o, VwaH$mS>çm, dmibobo JdV, JìhmMm ^wgm d H$mS>, CgmMo nmMQ>, H$nmerMo
H$mS>, dmibobr nmZo ¶m§Mm ¶m‘Ü¶o g‘mdoe hmoVmo.
2. Ag|{Ð¶ AmÀN>mXZo … ¶m‘Ü¶o doJdoJù¶m ßbmpñQ>H$À¶m AmÀN>mXZm§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. CXm. M§Xoar, H$mù¶m, nm§T>è¶m,
{Zù¶m, {ndù¶m, bmb, AmH$mer d nmaXe©H$ a§JmMo ßbmpñQ>H$Mo AmÀN>mXZ, BË¶mXr Q>m°‘oQ>mo ¶m {nH$mgmR>r Vm§~S>çm
a§JmMo AmÀN>mXZ VgoM ~Q>mQ>m ¶m {nH$mgmR>r {’$¸$Q> {Zio d nm§T>è¶m a§JmMo AmÀN>mXZ dmnaë¶mZo CËnmXZm‘Ü¶o bjUr¶
dmT> hmoVo Ago AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho.
KoÊ¶mV ¶oÊ¶mar {nHo$ ßbmpñQ>H$ AmÀN>mXZmMr OmS>r (‘m¶H«$m°Z)

CÝhmir ^wB©‘yJ 7
H$‘r H$mbmdYrMr {nHo$ (CXm. ^mOrnmbm) 20-25
‘Ü¶‘ H$mbmdYrMo {nHo$ 40-50
OmñV H$mbmdYrMo {nHo$ (CXm. ’$iPmS>o) 50-100
> $
ßbmpñQH AmÀN>mXZ {’$ë‘Mr gmYmaUV… Amdí¶H$ n[aUm‘o
bmJUmao ßbmpñQ>H$ AmÀN>mXZ ({H$. J«°. /EH$a)

PmH$boë¶m n¥ð>^mJmMo
AmÀN>mXZ {’$ë‘Mr OmS>r (‘m¶H«$m°Ýg)
à‘mU (%)
100 50 25 15
20 76 38 19 11
40 152 76 38 23
60 230 114 57 34
80 300 150 75 45
100 * * 95 57
* ì¶dhmamV hr AmÀN>mXZo dmnabr OmV ZmhrV.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 219

eoVVio d gm‘w{hH$ Vbmd
eoVVio
eoVO{‘ZrdéZ nmdgmMo dmhÿZ OmUmao nmUr AmnËH$mbrZ doir {nH$mg CnbãY hmoUmÀ¶m Ñï>rZo ImoXboë¶m Vù¶mg
eoVVio Ago åhUVmV. ho Vio, Zmbm, AmoKirMo H$mR>mdarb nS> joÌmV KoVbo OmVo. eoVmV Vio H$éZ Ë¶mV ^yn¥ð>mdéZ dmhÿZ
OmUmao nmUr gmR>dyZ Ë¶mMm Cn¶mooJ g§a{jV ObqgMZmgmR>r H$aVm ¶oVmo. nmdmgmÀ¶m A{Z¶{‘VnUm‘wio Ooìhm nmdgmA^mdr
{nH$mg VmU nS>Vmo. Aemdoir ¶m Vù¶mV gmR>{dboë¶m nmÊ¶m‘YyZ EImXo Xÿgao nmUr {nH$mg XoVm ¶oVo d Ë¶m‘wio h‘Img nrH$
¶oVo.
eoVVù¶mMo ’$m¶Xo
* nmUbmoQ> joÌmVrb ^yJ^m©Vrb nmÊ¶mMo nyZ^©aU hmoVo.
* AmnËH$mbrZ pñWVrV {nH$mg nmUr XoÊ¶mgmR>r nmUr CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo.
* nyaH$ {gM§Zm‘wio {nH$mÀ¶m CËnmXZmV bjUr¶ dmT> hmoVo.
* {M~S> d nmUWi O‘rZ gwYmaUogmR>r eoVVù¶mMm Mm§Jbm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
* ‘Ëñ¶g§dY©ZmgmR>r Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. Xþ½YCËnmXZmgmaIo OmoS>Y§Xo H$é eH$VmV.
* {nH$m§da Am¡fYo ’$dmaUrgmR>r eoVmV ‘w~bH$ nmUr CnbãY hmoVo.
eoVVù¶mMo àH$ma … 1. Z¡g{J©H$ Ki AWdm AmoKi AS>dwZ 2. gnmQ> O{‘ZrVbr eoVVio.
OmJoMr {ZdS>
* Á¶m O{‘ZrV nmUr nmPaÊ¶mMo à‘mU H$‘r Amho. Aer O‘rZ Agboë¶m OmJoMr {ZdS> H$amdr. H$mir O‘rZ d Á¶m
O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {MH$U‘mVrMo à‘mU OmñV AgVo Aer O‘rZ eoVVù¶mg ¶mo½¶ AgVo. npíM‘ KmQ> {d^mJm‘Ü¶o ^mV
eoVrgmR>r b°Q>amB©Q> O{‘ZrV gwÕm eoVVio KoUo ’$m¶ÚmMo AgVo.
* gd© àH$maÀ¶mV nmQ>~§Ymao àH$ënm§À¶m g‘mdoe joÌmV eoVVir ¶oD$ Z¶o.
* ‘wa‘mS>, dmbwH$m‘¶, gpÀN>Ð IS>H$ qH$dm ImadQ> Aer O‘rZ Agbobr OmJm eoVVù¶mg {ZdSy> Z¶o.
eoVVù¶mMr AmH$ma‘mZ d nmUr gmR>dU j‘Vm

AmH$ma‘mZ (‘rQ>a‘Ü¶o) n¥ð>^mJmdarb gmR>dU j‘Vm
bm§~r é§Xr Imobr joÌ’$i (Mm¡.‘r.) (KZ‘rQ>a)
15 15 3 225 441
20 15 3 300 621
20 20 3 400 876
25 20 3 500 1131
25 25 3 625 1461
30 25 3 750 1791
30 30 3 900 2796
eoVVio AñVarH$aU (bm¶qZJ)

eoVVù¶m§Vrb nmUr O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o dm¶m OmD$ Z¶o åhUyZ {deof àH$maÀ¶m 500 ‘m¶H«$m°Z OmS>rMm [aBZ’$mog©S> EM.S>r.
nr.B©. {OAmo‘|~«oZ (IS…1535…2008) ¶m XOm©À¶m ßbmpñQ>H$ {’$ë‘Mm AñVarH$aUmgmR>r dmna ¶mo½¶ àH$mao H$amdm.
gm‘w{hH$ Vbmd
amï´>r¶ ’$bmoËnmXZ A{^¶mZm§VJ©V gm‘w{hH$ eoVVio hr ¶moOZm 100 Q>¸o$ AZwXmZmda am~{dÊ¶mV ¶oV AgyZ
nmÊ¶mMo ómoV {Z‘m©U H$aUo d gmR>{dbobo nmUr Q>§MmB©À¶m H$mimV ’$i~mJ OJ{dÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶moJmV AmUmdo hm gm‘w{hH$
VbmdmMm ‘w»¶ CÔoe Amho. gm‘w{hH$ VbmdmVrb nmUr {PanyZ dm¶m OmD$ Z¶o åhUyZ Ë¶mg ¶moJ Ë¶m ßb°pñQ>H$ {’$ë‘Mo
AñVarH$aU H$amdo.
220 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gm‘whrH$ VbmdmMo àH$ma
1) àmén (‘m°S>ob) 1 … - 2 ‘r. ImoXH$m‘ d 3 ‘r. ~m§YmMr C§Mr (hm’$ S>JAmD$Q>) (Half Dugout)
2) àmén (‘m°S>ob) 2 … - nwU©nUo ImoXH$m‘ H$éZ H$amd¶mMo eoVVio (’w$„r S>J AmD$Q>) (Fully Dugout)
3) àmén (‘m°S>ob) 3 … - ~m°S>r Q>mB©n gm‘y{hH$ eoVVio (Body Type)
1. àmén 1 … O{‘Zrda ~m§Y KmbyZ nmUrgmR>m H$amd¶mMo gm‘w{hH$ eoVVio (hm’$ S>JAmCQ>)
A. H«$. nmUrgmR>m (KZ‘rQ>a) bm^ joÌ (ho³Q>a) AZwXmZ ‘¶m©Xm (é. bmImV)
1 10,000 10.00 5.56
2 8,000 8.00 4.80
3 5,000 5.00 3.39
4 2,000 2.00 1.75
5 500 0.50 0.655
2. àmén 2 … nyU©nUo ImoXmB© H$amd¶mÀ¶m gm‘w{hH$ eoVVù¶mMm Vn{eb (’w$„r S>JAmD$Q>)
A. H«$. nmUrgmR>m (KZ‘rQ>a) AZwXmZ ‘¶m©Xm (é. bmImV)
~m§Y {da{hV ~m§Ymg{hV
1 10,000 7.53 6.67
2 8,000 6.33 5.71
3 6,000 5.01 4.74
4 5,000 4.18 3.95
5 4,000 3.93 3.27
6 3,000 2.71 2.62
7 2,000 2.00 2.01
3. àmén 3 … ~m°S>rQ>mB©n gm‘w{hH$ Vbmd
A. H«$. nmUrgmR>m (KZ‘rQ>a) AZwXmZ ‘¶m©Xm (é. bmImV)
1 15,000 3.49
2 12,500 2.89
3 10,000 2.34
4 7,500 1.80
5 5,000 1.23
6 2,500 0.67
gm‘w{hH$ eoVVù¶m§Mo H$m‘ H$aVmZm ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr

* eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o nmUr âÊ¶mgmR>r CnbãY gamgar nmD$g, dmhUmam AnYmd, OdiZy dmhUmam AmTo>m, Zmbm, ZXr, H$°Zrb,
{dhra B.Mm {dMma H$ê$Z bm^ XÊo¶mV ¶mdm.
* gm‘{whH$ eVoVù¶mMo H$m‘ àW‘ ImXomB,© ZV§a H$§wnU KmbUo Am{U Ë¶mZV§a ßbmp°ñQ>H$ AñVarH$aU Aem H$«‘mZo nU y ©
H$aÊ¶mV ¶md.o
* Aem àH$maÀ¶m gm‘{whH$ eVoVù¶mgmR>r dmhZÿ OmUmao nmUr O‘m H$aÊ¶mgmR>r BZbQo>, OmXmMo nmUr dmhZÿ OmÊ¶mgmR>r
AmD$Q>bQo> XU
o o Amdí¶H$ Amh.o
* dmhZÿ OmUmao nmUr gmR>dUZyH$ H$éZ nU y n©Uo ImXomB© H$obëo¶m gm‘{yhH$ eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o nmÊ¶mMr CM§ r 3.10 ‘rQ>a R>doÊ¶mV
¶mdr.
* àmén (‘mS°>b
o ) 1 À¶m eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o nmUr âÊ¶mMr ñdVÌ§ g{wdYm bm^mWuZo H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amh.o VWm{n nU y n©Uo ImXomB©
H$obëo¶m eVoVù¶mgmR>r d ~mS°>r Q>mBn©À¶m eVoVù¶mgmR>r Zg¡{JH©$ nÕVrZo nmUr didZy KÊo¶mV ¶md.o
* gm‘{yhH$ eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o j‘Vnoj o m OmñV nmUr âë¶mg OmñVrMo nmUr AmnmA o mn dmhZÿ OmÊ¶mMr gm¶o Agmdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 221

ßb°ñQ>rH$ {’$ë‘ ~g{dVmZm ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr
* eVoVù¶mVrb nmUr O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {OéZ dm¶m OmD$ Z¶o åhUZy {defo àH$maÀ¶m 500 ‘m¶H$«mZ° [aB’$mgoS©>² EMS>rnrB
{OAm‘o~|Zo« IS … 15351…2008 ¶m XOmM © r ßbmñQ>rH$ {’$ë‘Mm AñVarH$aUmgmR>r ¶m½o¶ àH$mao Cn¶mJo H$amdm.
* gm‘{yhH$ ~mS°>r àH$maÀ¶m eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o AñVarH$aU H$aUo An{ojV Zmhr.
* gm‘{yhH$ eVoVù¶mMr ImXomB© nU y © Pmë¶mda eVoVù¶mmVrb gm’$-g’$mB© d ßbmñQ>rH$ {’$ë‘ AñVarH$aUmg ¶m½o¶ Vi,
gd© ~mOy CVma d ‘mWm BË¶mXrMo S>´qogJ, {’${ZqeJ H$amd.o
* {’$ë‘ eVoVù¶mÀ¶m H$mR>mnmgZw ~X§ (AH±$arJ) H$éZ gn§U y © eVoVù¶mV Aem àH$mao ~gdmdr H$s Á¶m‘iw o {’$ë‘ nmÊ¶mÀ¶m
dOZm‘i w o Imbr KgaUma Zmhr d eVoVù¶mVrb gmR>bb o o nmUr O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o ‘awUma Zmhr.
* eVoH$ar g‘hymZo {’$ë‘ eVoVù¶m‘Ü¶o ¶m½o¶ àH$mao OmSo>yZ (dëoS> H$éZ) ¿¶mdr.
jmanS>-nmUWi O‘rZ gwYmaUogmR>r {d{dY {ZMam nÜXVr

^maVm‘Ü¶o BVa H$moUË¶mhr amÁ¶m§À¶m VwbZoV ^mar H$mù¶m O{‘ZrMo gdm©{YH$ à‘mU ‘hmamîQ´>m‘Ü¶o Amho. ^mar H$mù¶m
O{‘ZrMr H$‘r {ZMam j‘Vm, ^yn¥îR>mnmgyZ H$‘r Imobrda AgUmao AôÚ Wa, nma§nm[aH$ qgMZmÛmao {nH$m§gmR>r nmÊ¶mMm
A‘¶m©X dmna, YaUo/Vbmd/H°$Zmb ¶m§‘YyZ hmoUmar nmÊ¶mMr JiVr, nmdgmnojm ~mînr^dZmMo à‘mU OmñV, {dñH$Q>bobr
Z¡g{J©H$ {ZMam nÜXV, nyan[apñWVr, ¶mo½¶ Ë¶m nrH$ ’o$anmbQ>UrMm A^md, g|Ðr¶ nXmWmªMm H$‘r dmna, ‘Myi nmÊ¶mMm
eoVrgmR>r dmna B. H$maUm§‘wio ^mar H$mù¶m O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o jmam§Mo d nmÊ¶mMo à‘mU {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>V OmD$Z gwnrH$ O{‘Zr
jmanS> d nmUWi hmoD$Z Zm{nH$ hmoV AmhoV. Aem O{‘ZtMr gwYmaUm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r doirM Cnm¶¶moOZm H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
{ZMam nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$aUo hr EH$ Cnm¶¶moOZm Amho.
{ZMam nÜXVrMo ’$m¶Xo
1. {nH$mÀ¶m dmT>rgmR>r ¶mo½¶ Ago O{‘ZrV dmVmdaU V¶ma hmoVo. O{‘ZrV hdm IoiVr amhÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. Ë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrV
AgUmè¶m nmofH$ {OdmUy§Mr dmT> hmoVo.
2. {nH$mÀ¶m H$m¶©j‘ ‘wim§Mr Imobr dmT>br OmD$Z nrH$ Omo‘Xma dmT>Vo.
3. ¶m nÜXVrZo O{‘ZrMr g§aMZm gwYméZ nmUr ‘waÊ¶mÀ¶m à{H«$¶o‘Ü¶o dmT> hmoVo.
4. à‘mUera ‘emJV H$aÊ¶mg gmoB©ñH$a OmVo.
5. O{‘ZrMo Vmn‘mZ {nH$mg ¶mo½¶ Ago amIbo OmVo.
6. O{‘ZrÀ¶m ^yn¥îR>mda jma gmR>dÊ¶mMr [H«$¶m ‘§XmdVo d O‘rZ bmJdS>rg ¶mo½¶ hmoVo.
7. dm’$gm bdH$a Amë¶m‘wio bmJdS> bdH$a H$aVm ¶oVo d {~Om§Hw$aU dmT>Ê¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
{ZMam nÜXVr … jmanS> nmUWi O{‘ZrVrb jmam§Mm Am{U nmÊ¶mMm Omon¶ªV {ZMam hmoUma Zmhr Vmon¶ªV H$moUVrhr ^ygwYmaHo$
dmnê$Z Aem O{‘Zr bmJdS>rbm¶H$ H$aVm ¶oV ZmhrV. Ë¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$VoZwgma Imbrb {ZMam nÜXVtMm dmna H$amdm.
1.CKS>o Ma {ZMam nÜXV
O{‘Zr‘Yrb nmÊ¶mÀ¶m àdmhmMr {Xem gmYmaUV… C§M ^mJmH$Sy>Z gIb ^mJmH$S>o Agë¶m‘wioCVmambm AmS>doMa H$mT>mdoV.
ho CKS>o Ma H$mT>V AgVmZm Imbrb Vm§{ÌH$ ~m~r {dMmamV KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
222 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

O‘rZ àH$ma XmoZ Mam‘Yrb MamMr Imobr MamMm AmH$ma ~mOyMm T>mi
A§Va (‘rQ>a) (‘rQ>a)
^mar O‘rZ 9 Vo 15 0.9 Vo 1.0 g‘b§~ Mm¡H$moZrH¥$V 1…1
‘Ü¶‘ O‘rZ 15 Vo 30 1.20 Vo 1.50 g‘b§~ Mm¡H$moZrH¥$V 1.5…1 Vo 2…1
dmbwH$m‘¶ O‘rZ 30 Vo 60 1.20 Vo 1.50 g‘b§~ Mm¡H$moZrH¥$V 3…1
CKS>çm Mam§Mm eodQ> AmoT>çmbm, ‘moR>çm Zmë¶mbm dm ZXrbm

O‘rZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gd© AmS>do Ma Cä¶m Mambm OmoSy>Z ¿¶mdoV d Mambm 0.10 Q>³Ho$
‘mVr CVma Úmdm. ¶m Mam§Zm H$m¶©j‘nUo Mmby R>odÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mV gmMbobm Jmi,
3'-4' Ma dmT> bobo VU, nmUH$Urg doimodoir H$mTy>Z Ma ñdÀN> R>odmdoV. ¶m nÜXVrgmR>r
dmiy ho³Q>ar 10,000 Vo 15,000 é. IM© ¶oVmo.
Mmi CKS>çm Mar‘Ü¶o XJS>-JmoQ>o, ‘wê$‘ qH$dm Mmidmiy dmnê$Z 1 Vo 1.5
XJS>
’y$Q> OmS>rMm Wa {Xë¶mg d ¶m Mar ‘mVrZo ~wOdyZ KoVë¶mg hr nÜXV ^y{‘JV
XmoZ XJS>mVrb nmoH$ir
{ZMam nÜXVrgmaIr dmnaVm ¶oVo. Ago Ho$ë¶mZo CKS>o Ma nÜXVrVrb dma§dma
^y{‘JV {ZMam nÕV
(XJS> dmnê$Z) XþéñVr, nmUH$Urg H$mT>Uo, O‘rZ dm¶m OmUo, MarÀ¶m H$S>m T>mgiUo ¶mgma»¶m
~§{XñV Ma {ZMam nÕV ¶o Umè¶m AS>MUtda ‘mV H$aVm ¶oVo.
2. ^y‘rJV/~§{XñV gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam nÜXV

^yn¥îR>mnmgyZ 0.9 Vo 1.8 ‘rQ>a ImobrMo Ma H$mTy>Z Ë¶m‘Ü¶o gpÀN>Ð
O{‘ZrMr nmVir
nrìhrgr {ZMam nmB©n CVmambm AmS>do Q>mHy$Z Ë¶m nmB©n^modVr JmiU ([’$ëQ>a)
Ma åhUyZ 7.5 Vo 10 go‘r OmS>rMm H$amim / Mmi dmiyMm Wa qH$dm qgWoQ>rH$
‘mVr [’$ëQ>a nmB©n^modVr Jw§S>miyZ ho nmB©n O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {d{eîQ> CVma XoD$Z JmS>mdoV.
dmiy
{N>Ðm§H$sV XJS> ¶m nÜXVrV b°Q>ab (CnZù¶m) nmB©n, H$bo³Q>a (Cn‘w»¶ Zir) nmB©n Am{U
Mmi ‘oZ nmB©n (‘w»¶ Zir) EH$‘oH$m§Zm Aem nÜXVrZo OmoS>ë¶m OmVmV H$s OoUoH$ê$Z
nmB©n dmiy
^y{‘JV {ZMam nÕV {nH$m§À¶m ‘wim§À¶m H$joVrb jma d A{V[a³V nmUr ‘mVrVyZ nmPê$Z àW‘ b°Q>ab
(nmB©n dmnê$Z)
nmB©n‘Ü¶o ¶oVmV Am{U b°Q>ab nmB©n‘YyZ dmhV ¶oUmao nmUr Am{U jma H$bo³Q>a
^y{‘JV gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam nÕV nmB©n‘Ü¶o ¶oD$Z H$bo³Q>a nmB©n‘YyZ ‘w»¶ nmB©ndmQ>o eodQ>r Z¡g{J©H$ AmoT>m, Zmbm
qH$dm ZXr‘Ü¶o gmoS>mdo. Á¶m {R>H$mUr Z¡g{J©H$ CJ‘ñWmZ Zgob Ë¶m {R>H$mUr ‘w»¶ ZirVwZ {ZMam hmoUmao nmUr g§ndob
({dhra) qH$dm Vbmdm‘Ü¶o gmR>dyZ Cngm H$ê$Z eoVm~mhoa H$mT>bo nm{hOo. ¶m ^y{‘JV gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam nÜXVrgmR>r ho³Q>ar
75,000 Vo 80,000 én¶o IM© ¶oVmo. hm IM© A{YH$ dmQ>V Agbm Var ¶m nÜXVrMo Am¶wî¶ H$‘rVH$‘r 20 Vo 25 df}
Agë¶m‘wio ¶m nÜXVrMo CKS>çm MarÀ¶m VwbZoZo Imbrb ’$m¶Xo {‘iVmV.
1. ^y{‘JV {ZMam nÜXV nyU©V… O{‘ZrImbr 0.9 Vo 1.8 ‘rQ>a Imobrda Agë¶m‘wio O{‘Zrdarb CKS>çm Marà‘mUo O‘rZ
dm¶m OmV Zmhr.
2. CKS>çm Marà‘mUo H$S>m T>mgiUo, nmUH$Urg dmT>Uo, dma§dma XoI^mb d XþéñVrMm IM© ¶oV Zmhr.
3. CKS>çm Marà‘mUo ¶m§{ÌH$ ‘emJV, Am§Va‘emJV, AdOmao dmhVyH$ B. H$m‘m§Zm AS>Wio ¶oV Zmhr.
4. ‘mVrMr Yyn hmoV Zmhr.
5. CKS>çm Marnojm 20 Vo 25 df} A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘nUo Mmby amhVo.Aem àH$mao jmanS> nmUWi O‘rZ gwYmaUogmR>r daXmZ
Agboë¶m ^y{‘JV {ZMam nÜXVrgmR>r Imbrb ~m~tMr Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 223

¶m {ZMam nÜXVrgmR>r bmJUmao gm{hË¶
1. gpÀN>Ð ~m§JS>r nrìhrgr {ZMam nmB©n … ho nmB©n 80, 100, 160, 200, 294, 355 Am{U 455 {‘‘r ì¶mgmMo
AgVmV. Amdí¶H$Voà‘mUo nmB©nMr {ZdS> H$amdr. ¶m nmB©nda 8 Vo 15 {‘‘r bm§~ Am{U 0.8 Vo 2.0 {‘‘r é§XrMr
Mm¡H$moZr {N>Ðo AgVmV. Mm¡H$moZr {N>Ðm§Mr g§»¶m EH$ ‘rQ>a nmB©n bm§~r‘mJo 100 Vo 120 AgVo.
2. JmiUr ([’$ëQ>a) … nmÊ¶m~amo~a ‘mVrMo gyú‘ H$U nmB©n‘Ü¶o OmD$ Z¶oV åhUyZ nmB©nÀ¶m da 7.5 Vo 10 go‘r OmS>rMm
Mmi dmiyMm Wa Úmdm Am{U Ë¶mZ§Va ‘mVrZo Ma ~wOdyZ ¿¶mdoV. AbrH$S>o qgWoQ>rH$ [’$ëQ>aMm dmna gam©g Ho$bm OmV
Amho. H$maU ¶m‘wio dmhVwH$sMm, ‘OyarMm IM© H$‘r ¶oVmo, VgoM Mar‘Ü¶o nmB©n A§WaVmZm Ìmg hmoV Zmhr. ¶m H$mnS>mMr
OmS>r 2 Vo 4 {‘‘r AgyZ Ë¶mda A{Ve¶ bhmZ {N>Ðo AgVmV. Vr S>moù¶m§Zm {XgV ZmhrV H$maU Ë¶m§Mm AmH$ma 110
‘m¶H«$m°Z BVH$m bhmZ AgVmo. Ë¶m‘wio nmB©nMr {N>Ðo ~§X hmoÊ¶mMm YmoH$m Q>iVmo.
3. nmB©n OmoS>H$m‘mgmR>r bmJUmao BVa gm{hË¶
* Q>r (T) … b°Q>aëg 90 A§emV H$bo³Q>a nmB©nbm OmoS>Ê¶mgmR>r ¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
* H$nba … XmoZ nmB©nMo VwH$S>o EH$‘oH$m§Zm OmoS>Ê¶mgmR>r H$nbaMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
* EÝS>H°$n … nmB©nMo EH$m ~mOyMo Vm|S> ~§X H$aÊ¶mgmR>r dmnabo OmVo.
* dm¶ (Y) gm§Ym … b°Q>ab 90 A§emnojm H$‘r H$moZm‘Ü¶o H$bo³Q>a nmB©nbm OmoS>VmZm ¶mMm dmna hmoVmo.
4. BÝñno³eZ M|~a … àË¶oH$ Mma b°Q>ab Z§Va 1 BÝñno³eZ M|~a H$bo³Q>a nmB©nda ~gdmdm. ¶mgmR>r gmS>oVrZ ’w$Q>
ì¶mgmMo Am{U 8 ’w$Q> ImobrMo {g‘|Q>Mo M|~a dmnamdo. {ZMam nÜXV ì¶dpñWV Mmby Amho qH$dm Zmhr ¶mMr VnmgUr
H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo.
{ZMam nÜXVrMo doJdoJio AmamIS>o (Layouts)

^yn¥îR>mMm C§M-gIbnUmMm {dMma H$ê$Z AmamIS>çmMo Imbrb àH$ma nS>VmV.
1. a°ÝS>‘ {ZMam nÜXV … O{‘ZrÀ¶m C§M-gIbnUm‘wio g§nyU© eoVO[‘Zrda nmUWi jmanS>rMr g‘ñ¶m CX²^dV Zmhr.
Ë¶m‘wio Á¶m Á¶m {R>H$mUr O‘rZ jmanS>-nmUWi Pmbobr Agbo AemM {R>H$mUr {ZMam nÜXV ~gdmdr. Ë¶m‘wio H$‘r
IMm©V {ZMam Am{U O‘rZhr gwYmaVo. ¶mbmM a°ÝS>‘ {ZMam nÜXV åhUVmV.
2. g‘m§Va {ZMam nÜXV… Á¶m O{‘Zr gnmQ> Am{U {Z¶{‘V AmH$mamÀ¶m AgVmV, Aem O{‘ZrV CnZù¶m EH$‘oH$sg g‘m§Va
Am{U Cn‘w»¶Zirg (collector) H$mQ>H$moZmV OmoS>ë¶m OmVmV. ¶m nÜXVrV CnZù¶m CVmambm AmS>ì¶m Va Cn‘w»¶
Zù¶m CVmamÀ¶m {XeoZo ~gdmì¶mV. Ë¶m‘wio CVmamdarb nmUr nmPê$Z CnZirg {‘iVo Am{U CnZirVrb nmUr Cn‘w»¶
ZirV OmD$Z ‘w»¶ nmB©nÛmao eodQ>r AmoT>çmV qH$dm g§ndob‘Ü¶o OmVo.
3. ho[a¨J~moZ nÜXV … hr nÜXV ‘Ü¶‘ Vo OmñV CVmamÀ¶m gmYmaUV… ìhr qH$dm ¶y AmH$mamÀ¶m O{‘ZrV CnZù¶m
EH$‘oH$sg g‘m§Va na§Vw Cn‘w»¶ Zirg EH$m ~mOyZo qH$dm XmoÝhr ~mOyZo 45 A§emZr OmoS>ë¶m OmVmV.
4. B§Q>agoßQ>a {ZMam nÜXV … H°$Zmb, Vbmd ¶m‘YyZ nmPéZ ¶oUmao nmUr VgoM OmñV CVmamÀ¶m O{‘ZrH$Sy>Z gIb
^mJmH$S>o ¶oUmè¶m nmÊ¶mg AS>dyZ O{‘Zr jmanS> nmUWi hmoÊ¶mnmgyZ dmM{dÊ¶mgmR>r B§Q>agoßQ>a {ZMam nÕV dmnamdr.
224 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

a°ÝS>‘ {ZMam nÕV g‘m§Va {ZMam nÕV hmS>mÀ¶m gmnù¶mgmaIr {ZMam nÕV
{ZMam nmB©nMr Imobr

{ZMam nmB©nMr (b°Q>ab S´>oZ) Imobr {nH$m§Mm àH$ma d H$m¶©j‘ ‘wim§Mr Imobr, O{‘ZrMm àH$ma, AôÚ WamMr Imobr,
Zmë¶mMr Imobr B. ~m~tda Adb§~yZ AgVo. VgoM hr Imobr R>a{dVmZm {d{dY {nH$m§Mo Mm§Jbo CËnmXZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r Amdí¶H$
AgUmar H$‘rV H$‘r ^yOb nmVir Imbrbà‘mUo ¶mo½¶ Imobrda amIbr OmB©b ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr.
A.H«$. nrH$ àH$ma O‘rZàH$ma - nmÊ¶mMr nmVir (‘rQ>a)

dmiy¶w³V O‘rZ nmo¶Q>m¶w³V O‘rZ ^mar H$mir O{‘Z
1 Mmam{nHo$ 0.50 0.60 0.70
2 V¥UYmÝ¶ {nHo$ 0.60 0.70 0.80
3 D$g, ^mOrnmbm {nHo$ 0.80 0.90 1.00
4 H§$XdJu¶, Vob{~¶m {nHo$ 0.70 0.80 0.90
5 ’$i{nHo$ 1.00 1.20 1.40
XmoZ {ZMam nmB©n‘Yrb A§Va
XmoZ {ZMam nmB©n‘Yrb A§Va ‘mVrMr Obg§MmbH$Vm, {ZMam gpÀN>ÐVm, AôÚ WamMr Imobr, gÜ¶mMr O{‘ZrVrb
nmÊ¶mMr Imobr Am{U {ZMam nÕVrZ§VaMr nmÊ¶mMr nmVir B. ~m~tda Adb§~yZ AgVo. gd©gmYmanUo ^mar O{‘ZrgmR>r ho
A§Va 10 Vo 15 ‘rQ>a, ‘Ü¶‘ O{‘ZrgmR>r 15 Vo 30 ‘rQ>a Va dmbwH$m‘¶ O{‘ZrgmR>r 30 Vo 60 ‘rQ>a R>odmdo.
b°Q>ab d H$bo³Q>a nmB©ngmR>r T>mi
gnmQ> O{‘ZrV {ZMamàUmbr dmnaVmZm b°Q>ab d H$bo³Q>abm OmñV T>mi Úmdm OoUoH$ê$Z nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam bdH$a hmoB©b.
nU Ë¶mM~amo~a {ZMam nmB©nMr Imobr 80 go‘r nojm H$‘r hmoUma Zmhr ¶mMrhr H$miOr ¿¶mdr. {ZMam nmB©nbm OmñVrV OmñV
2 Q>³Ho$ T>mi Úmdm. nU H$‘rVH$‘r T>mi XoVmZm doJdoJù¶m ì¶mgmÀ¶m nmB©ngmR>r Imbrbà‘mUo T>mi Úmdm.
nmB©nMm ì¶mg ({‘‘r) 80 90 160 200 294 355 455

H$‘rV H$‘r T>mi (Q>³Ho$) 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05
b°Q>a>b d H$bo³Q>a nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r d OmñVrV OmñV bm§~r
gd©gmYmaUnUo {ZMam nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r bm§~r hr Zoh‘r Ë¶m XmoZ {ZMam nmB©n‘Yrb A§VamÀ¶m XþßnQ> R>odmdr. Va
OmñVrV OmñV bm§~r 600 ‘rQ>a n¶ªV R>ody eH$Vmo. H$maU T>mi XoVmZm ¶oUmè¶m AS>MUr d AmD$Q>boQ>Mr pñWVr ¶mdê$Z
b°Q>abMr OmñVrV OmñV bm§~r R>admdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 225

{ZMam nÜXVrÀ¶m AmD$boQ>g§~§Yr ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr
AmD$Q>boQ>‘YwZ Zmë¶m‘Ü¶o nS>Umè¶m AS>Wim hmoD$ Z¶o åhUyZ ho AmD$Q>boQ> Zmë¶m‘Ü¶o AgUmè¶m nmÊ¶mÀ¶m nmVirÀ¶m
Zoh‘r 30 Vo 45 go‘r da Agmdo ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr. AmD$Q>boQ> nmB©nÀ¶m Q>moH$mbm Omir Agbobo Q>monU ~gdmdo åhUOo C§Xra,
~oSy>H$, gmn ¶mgmaIo àmUr nmB©n‘Ü¶o {eaUma ZmhrV.
{ZMam nmB©nMr H$‘rV H$‘r Imobr
‘emJVrgmR>r dmnaë¶m OmUmè¶m ¶m§{ÌH$ gmYZm§‘wio gpÀN>Ð nmB©nbm YmoH$m hmoD$ Z¶o ¶mgmR>r Vo nmB©n H$‘rV H$‘r 80
go‘r Imobrda JmS>mdoV.
3. ‘mob {ZMam nÕV
Á¶m O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {MH$U‘mVrMo à‘mU 35 Q>³Ho$ nojm OmñV Amho, Aem O{‘ZrÀ¶m {ZMè¶mgmR>r H$‘r A§Vamda ^y{‘JV
gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam nÕVrgmR>r ho³Q>ar 75,000 Vo 80,000 én¶o IM© ¶oVmo Va CKS>o Ma H$mTy>Z nmÊ¶mV {ZMam H$aUo e³¶
hmoV Zmhr. Aem doiog H$‘r I{M©H$ ‘mob {ZMam nÕV Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm ’$m¶Xoera R>aVo.‘mob {ZMam nÜXVr‘Ü¶o ‘mob Zm§JamÛmao
O{‘ZrnmgyZ 40 Vo 75 go‘r Imobrda nmB©ngmaIo nmoH$i AmS>do {N>Ð nmS>bo OmVo ¶mbmM ‘mob Ago åhUVmV. ho ‘mob Zoh‘r
O{‘ZrÀ¶m CVmambm g‘m§Va H$mT>mdoV. O{‘ZrV ho ‘mob nmS>V AgVmZm O{‘ZrÀ¶m n¥îR>^mJmnmgyZ ‘mobn¶ªV O{‘ZrMm ^mJ hm
‘mob Zm§JamÀ¶m nmVi ßboQ>Ûmao H$mnbo OmD$Z EH$ nmoH$i ’$Q> V¶ma hmoVo. ‘mob V¶ma Pmë¶mZ§Va 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§Zr ‘emJV
H$amdr OoUoH$ê$Z ‘mob dmiÊ¶mg AdYr {‘iyZ Vo Q>UH$ ~ZVrb. {nH$mbm nmUr {Xë¶mZ§Va qH$dm nmD$g nS>ë¶mZ§Va
O{‘Zrdarb nmUr ho ‘mob Zm§JamÛmao O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o nS>boë¶m ’$Q>rVyZ ‘mob‘Ü¶o O‘m hmoVo. VgoM O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o ‘wabobo OmñVrMo nmUr
gwÜXm ‘mob‘Ü¶o O‘m hmoD$Z O{‘ZrÀ¶m CVmamÀ¶m {XeoZo O{‘Zr~mhoa dmhÿZ OmVo. Aem àH$mao O{‘ZrVrb nmÊ¶mMm {ZMam hmoVmo.
¶m nÕVrV gmÜ¶m Zm§JaQ>rà‘mUo ‘mob Zm§Ja Q´>°³Q>abm OmoSy>Z dmnabo OmVo. VgoM àË¶oH$s 4 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda ho Zm§Ja dmnam¶Mo
Agë¶mZo Zm§JaQ>rnojmhr H$‘r IM© ¶oVmo. Ë¶m‘wio Á¶m eoVH$è¶m§Mr ^y‘rJV gpÀN>Ð nmB©n {ZMam nÜXV dmnaÊ¶mBVH$s Am{W©H$
n[apñWVr Zmhr Aem eoVH$ar ~m§Ydm§Zm ¶m H$‘r I{M©H$ ‘mob {ZMam nÜXVrMm dmna H$ê$Z jmanS>-nmUWi O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o
{nH$m§Mo CËnmXZ dmT>{dVm ¶oB©b.
H$‘r I{M©H$ ‘mob {ZMam nÜXV dmnaÊ¶mnydu Imbrb ~m~tMr XjVm ¿¶mdr
1. O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {MH$U ‘mVrMo à‘mU 35 Q>³Ho$nojm OmñV Agmdo.
2. O‘rZ Z¡g{J©H$ CVmamMr Agmdr. CVma H$‘rVH$‘r 0.2 Q>³Ho$ Agmdm. gmYmaUV… 1 Vo 1.5 Q>³Ho$ CVma Agbobr O{‘Z
‘mob {ZMamnÜXVrgmR>r CËH¥$îQ> AgVo.
3. ‘mob H$aVmZm 40 Vo 75 go‘r Imobrdarb ‘mVr‘Ü¶o Amobmì¶mMo à‘mU 20 Vo 25 Q>³Ho$ Agm¶bm hdo. H$maU Zm§Ja 4 0
Vo 75 go‘r Imobrdê$Z Mmbdbo OmVo. Ë¶m‘wio ¶m Imobrdarb ‘mVr H$moaS>r Agob Va V¶ma hmoUmè¶m ‘mobÀ¶m
H$S>m H$mogiVmV Va Amobmdm OmñV Agob Va Zm§Ja AmoT>Ê¶mgmR>r dmnabobm Q´>°³Q>a O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o éVw eH$Vmo. ¶mgmR>r
‘mob Zm§Ja dmnaÊ¶mMo doir Á¶m Imobrda Zm§Ja dmnam¶Mm Amho Ë¶m Imobrdarb ‘mVrVrb Amobmdm gmYmaUV… 20 Vo 25
Q>³Ho$ Agmdm.
4. ‘mob‘YyZ {ZMam hmoUmao nmUr eoVm~mhoa H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r eoVmOdi 75 Vo 90 go‘r ImobrMr CKS>r Ma Agmdr.
5. XmoZ ‘mob‘Ü¶o gd©gmYmaUnUo 4 ‘rQ>a A§Va R>odmdo.
6. ‘mobMr Imobr 40 Vo 75 go‘r R>odmdr.
7. _mobMr bm§~r gm‘mÝ¶V… 20 Vo 100 ‘rQ>a R>odmdr.
8. ‘mob {ZMam H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gmYmaUV… 75 qH$dm Ë¶mnojm OmñV hm°g©nmdaMm Q´>°³Q>a dmnamdm
9. ‘mob H$aV AgVmZm Q´>°³Q>aMm doJ gm‘mÝ¶V… 1 {H$‘r à{V Vmg qH$dm Ë¶mnojm H$‘r R>odmdm.
10. ‘mob {ZMam nÜXVrgmR>r gmYmaUV… ho³Q>ar 3000 Vo 4000 én¶o BVH$m IM© ¶oVmo.
11. ‘mob {ZMam nÜXV ¶mo½¶ nÜXVrZo Ho$ë¶mg 3 Vo 5 df} {Q>Hy$ eH$Vo.
226 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

^y{‘JV {ZMam nÜXVr g§X^m©V H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, H$g~o {S>J«O ¶oWmb {e’$maer
1. ^mar H$mù¶m jma¶wº$ - MmonU O{‘ZrMr gwYmaUm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gpÀN>Ð nmB©n ^y{‘JV {ZMam àUmbr (1.25 ‘rQ>a
Imobr, 2 nmB©n ‘Yrb A§Va 25 ‘rQ>a) Am{U {Oßg‘ Amdí¶H$VoZwgma (50 Q>³Ho$) d {hadirMo nrH$ Y¢Mm ¶m§Mm
EH$mpË‘H$ dmna ’$m¶Xoera AmT>iyZ Ambm Amho.
2. H$‘r {ZMam hmoUmè¶m ^mar H$mù¶m O{‘Zr‘YyZ à^mdr {ZMam hmoÊ¶mgmR>r VgoM {nH$m§Mo A{YH$ CËnmXZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r ‘mob
{ZMam àUmbrMm Adb§~ H$ê$Z XmoZ ‘mob ‘Yrb A§Va 4 ‘rQ>a d Imobr 0.60 ‘rQ>a R>odÊ¶mMr {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV
Amho.
^yOb nyZ^©aU
^yOb nyZ^©aUmMr JaO
‘hmamîQ´>mV 24.6 Xebj ho³Q>a joÌ d{hVmImbr Amho. Ë¶mn¡H$s ’$³V 17 Q>³Ho$ joÌ qgMZmImbr Amho. qgMZmMo ¶mo½¶
Vo gd© Cnm¶ ¶moObo Var OmñVrV OmñV 30 Q>³Ho$ EdT>oM joÌ qgMZmImbr AmUVm ¶oD$ eH$Vo. qgMZ j‘Vm dmT>{dÊ¶mgmR>r
CnbãY nmÊ¶mMm OmñVrV OmñV H$mQ>H$garZo Cn¶moJ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. ^yOb A§XmO g{‘VrÀ¶m AhdmbmZwgma amÁ¶mV
gd©gmYmaUnUo 67, 86, 730 Xebj KZ‘rQ>a nmUr à{Vdfu CnbãY Amho. hm ^yObgmR>m 18 bmI {d{harÛmao qgMZmgmR>r
dmnamV ¶oV Amho. O{‘ZrVrb nmUr Cní¶mMm doJ ^yOb gmR>çmV ¶oUmè¶m nmÊ¶mÀ¶m doJmnojm {H$VrVar nQ>rZo A{YH$ Amho.
Ë¶m‘wio ^yOb nmVir {Xdg|{Xdg Imbr OmV Amho. n¶m©daUmÀ¶m g§Ho$VmZwgma ^yObgmR>m Xadfu H$m¶‘ R>odUo JaOoMo Amho.
^yObnmVir H$m¶‘ R>odÊ¶mH$arVm ‘w»¶V… XmoZ JmoîQ>r H$amì¶m bmJVrb. {d{hatÛmao nmUr IoMÊ¶mda {Z~ªY KmbUo d Xþgao
åhUOo ^yOb nyZ^©aUmÀ¶m Cnm¶¶moOZm am~{dUo. nmUr IoMÊ¶mda {Z~ªY KmbUo e³¶ Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio Xþgam n¶m©¶ am~{dUo ho
H«$‘àmßV Amho. n`m©daUmÀ`m g§Ho$VmZwgma ^yObgmR>m Xadfu H$m`_ R>odUo JaOoMo Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 227

^yOb nyZ^©aU nÜXVr
^yOb dmT>{dÊ¶mÀ¶m AZoH$ nÜXVr AmhoV. EH$ qH$dm AZoH$ nÜXVr EH${ÌVnUo dmnaVm ¶oVmV. Zo‘H$s H$moUVr nÜXV
Adb§~dmdr ho ^m¡Jmo{bH$ d ñWm{ZH$ n[apñWVrda Adb§~yZ Amho. àjoÌmVrb ^yObmMm MT>CVma, ^yñVa aMZm, ‘mVrMm
àH$ma, nwZ^©aUmgmR>r nmUr Ë¶mMm gmR>m, JwUdËVm, ¶moOZoMr Vm§{ÌH$, Am{W©H$ g~iVm BË¶mXr ~m~r àm‘w»¶mZo nS>Vmimì¶m
bmJVmV. {d{dY nyZ^©aU nÜXVr V³Vm H«$. 1 ‘Ü¶o Z‘yX Ho$ë¶m AmhoV.
(A) àË¶j nÜXVr
{Za{Zamù¶m nÜXVrÛmao nyZ^©aU joÌmda àË¶jnUo nmUr gmR>m H$ê$Z nÿZ^©aUmMm doJ dmT>{dbm OmVmo. ¶m nÜXVr OmñV
H$m¶©j‘ AmhoV.
1. ^wn¥îR> gmR>m nÜXV
¶m nÜXVrÛmao ^ÿn¥îR>mda àË¶j nmUr gmR>m H$ê$Z ^yOb nyZ^©aU Ho$bo OmVo. O{‘Zrda gmMbobo nmUr hiyhiy O{‘ZrV
‘waVo. ‘wabobo nmUr Imobda nmohMVo d ^yOb gmR>çmV â nS>Vo.
 eoVmV nmUr ngaUo … nmdgmMo nmUr eoVmV gd©Xÿa nga{dVmV. Ë¶m‘wio gd© Xÿa nmUr gmMyZ amhVo d O{‘ZrV Xÿan¶ªV
‘waVo. e³¶ VodT>çm OmñV àjoÌmda nmUr nga{dë¶mg nÿZ^©aU joÌ dmT>Vo d ^yOb nyZ^©aU ObX hmoVo.
 eoVMmè¶m, Zm§JaQ> BË¶mXr … eoVmV nmUr AS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r ‘moR>‘moR>çm Mmè¶m H$mT>mì¶mV. Imobda Zm§JaQ> Ho$boë¶m
eoVmV nmdgmMo nmUr AS>{dbo Va OmVoM nU nmUr ‘waÊ¶mMm doJir dmT>Vmo. gar d da§~m nÕVrMr amZ~m§YUr OmXm
’$bXm¶H$ R>aVo. A{Z¶{‘V MT>CVmamÀ¶m amZmV hr nÜXV Cn¶w³V Amho. gar da§~m CVmambm AmS>do Ho$ë¶mg OmXm nmUr
Va gmMVoM nU O{‘ZrMm AnYmdgwÜXm H$‘r hmoVmo.
 Imoao nyZ^©aU ([aMmO© ~o{gZ) … ZXrÀ¶m àdmhmbm g‘m§Va qH$dm YaUmÀ¶m nmQ>mbm g‘m§Va ^mJmV ZXrMm/H$mbì¶mÀ¶m
WmoS>mgm àdmh didyZ joÌmda nmUr gmR>m H$aVmV. ZXrÀ¶m/H$mbì¶mÀ¶m di{dboë¶m àdmhmV Jmi Zgë¶mMr ImÌr
H$ê$Z qH$dm Jmi JmiyZ nmUr di{dVmV. ¶mbm ZXrImoao nÿZ^©aU åhUVmV. YaUmÀ¶m nmQ>mbm g‘m§Va nU ImobJQ> nmQ>
H$mT>bm Va H$mbì¶mVyZ hmoUmè¶m nmPamMm Mm§Jbm Cn¶moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo d O{‘Zr nmUWi hmoÊ¶mMo Q>iVo.
 Ob d ‘¥Xg§YmaU V§Ì … ‘¥X g§YmaUmMr Iyn H$m‘o amÁ¶mV Pmbobr AmhoV d AOyZ gwê$ AmhoV. àM{bV nÜXVr‘Ü¶o
~m§Y/~§{XñVr, g‘nmVirVrb ~m§Y, T>mimMo ~m§Y d Mmè¶m BË¶mXrMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. gmobmnya d amhþar ¶oWrb à¶moJmdê$Z
{gÜX Pmbo Amho, H$s Ob d ‘¥X g§YmaUmÀ¶m nÜXVr‘wio Ë¶m ^mJmVrb ^yOb gmR>m ~è¶mM à‘mUmV dmT>bm
Amho.AemàH$mao AZoH$ emñÌr¶ XmIbo CnbãY AmhoV. ‘hm~ioídagma»¶m A{V nmdgmÀ¶m àXoemV T>mimÀ¶m
~m§Ym‘wio 65.64 Q>³Ho$ AnYmd H$‘r Pmë¶mMm {ZîH$f© Amho. åhUOoM nmdgmMo 65.64 Q>³Ho$ nmUr O{‘ZrV ‘waë¶mZo
^yObgmR>m dmT>bm Amho.
 Zmbm ~§{XñVr … Zmë¶mg {R>H${R>H$mUr ~m§Y KmbyZ AS>{dë¶mZo nmUr Va AS>VoM {edm¶ Jmi¶w³V ‘mVr gmMVo.
amioJU{gÜXrÀ¶m à¶moJmZo XoIrb ^yObnmVir dmT>ë¶mMo d Jmd Q>±H$a‘w³V Pmë¶mMo bmoH${à¶ CXmhaU gdmªZm ‘m{hVM
Amho. nmQ>~§Ymao ImË¶mZo amioJU{gÜXr nmUbmoQ> joÌmÀ¶m {dH$mg H$m‘mMm Cn¶w³VVm d Obg§YmaU H$m‘mMr Cn¶w³VVm
Ahdmb gßQ>|~a, 1992 ‘Ü¶o Ho$bm. Zmbm ~§{XñVr d BVaOb g§YmaU H$m‘m‘wio nmUr AS>{dbo OmVo d n¶m©¶mZo
^yObgmR>çmV dmT> hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo, Ago Z‘yX H$aÊ¶mV Ambo Amho.
 S>m|Ja CVmamdarb Q>oaoqgJ … S>m|Ja CVmamda OoWo CVma 3 Q>³³¶mnojm OmXm AgVmo VoWo S>m|Ja CVma H$Q> H$ê$Z ~|M
Q>oaogog V¶ma H$aVmV. BJVnwar ¶oWrb ~|M Q>oaoqgJ Zgboë¶m joÌmda ‘mÌ hm AnYmd EHy$U nmdgmÀ¶m 62.60 Q>³Ho$ EdT>m
OmñV hmoVm, Ago {XgyZ Ambo Amho. H$moëhmnya ¶oWo 6.5 Q>³Ho$ CVmamÀ¶m joÌmV {hadirMo ~m§Y KmVë¶mZo 65.72 Q>³Ho$
AnYmd H$‘r Pmbm. BJVnwarbm 20 Q>³Ho$ CVmamÀ¶m S>m|Jami joÌmV EH$gma»¶m H§$Qy>a Q´>oMog (gr.gr.Q>r.) ‘wio 80.3
Q>³Ho$ AnYmd H$‘r Pmbm. gmobmnya gma»¶m H$‘r nmdgmÀ¶m ^mJmV ~m§Y-~§{XñVr Ho$ë¶mZo 61.39 Q>³Ho$ AnYmd H$‘r
Pmbm d {hadirÀ¶m ~m§Ym‘wio 74.38 Q>³Ho$ AnYmd H$‘r Pmbm Ago 1997 À¶m à¶moJmdê$Z {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
228 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

 nmPa Vbmd … joÌmVrb C§M ^mJmVrb dmhUmè¶m Zmë¶mda ~m§Y KmbyZ nmUr gmR>m Ho$ë¶mZo VbmdmVrb nmUr nmPê$Z
OdiÀ¶m {dhratZm ¶oVo. ¶m VbmdmVyZ n§nmÛmao nmÊ¶mMm Cngm H$aV ZmhrV. ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§VJ©V qeJdo
¶oWrb nmPa VbmdmMm Aä¶mg 1993 nmgyZ hmVr KoÊ¶mV Ambm. VbmdmMo joÌ 20 ho³Q>a AgyZ VbmdmMr nmUr
gmR>dÊ¶mMr H$‘mb j‘Vm 5,25,000 KZ‘rQ>a Amho. nmÊ¶mMo 12 dfmªÀ¶m (1993-2005) nmUr nmVirVrb
’$aH$m§À¶m ~Xbm§À¶m AmH$S>odmardê$Z Ago {XgyZ Ambo H$s, 87.0 Q>³Ho$ nmUr O{‘ZrV ‘wabo d {dhratZm Ambo.
VbmdmÀ¶m q^VrnmgyZ 600 ‘rQ>a A§Vamn¶ªV {dhratZm ’$m¶Xm Pmbm. EHy$U 204 ho³Q>a O{‘Zrbm g§a{jV qgMZ j‘Vm
CnbãY Pmbr. nmPa VbmdmÀ¶m joÌmda nyZ^©aUmMm doJ gamgar 2.53 g|.‘r. à{V{XZ AmT>iyZ Ambm.
AemM àH$maMo {ZîH$f© qnniJmd COUr ¶oWrb XmoZ nmPa Vbmda KoVboë¶m à¶moJmÛmao {XgyZ Ambo.
 ZXrMm H$mhr nmQ> di{dUo (ñQ´>r‘ ‘m°S>r[’$Ho$eZ) … ZXrVyZ bmImo KZ‘rQ>a nmUr dmhÿZ OmVo. Oa H$mhr A§er nmQ> didyZ
XþgarH$S>o ImobJQ> ^mJmV nmUrgmR>m Ho$bm Va ZdrZ joÌmda nmUr CnbãY hmoB©b d n¶m©¶mZo nyZ^©aUmg ‘XV hmoB©b.
 àdmhr qgMZ nÜXV … nmUr eoVmV nga{dbo OmV Agë¶mZo nyZ^©aUmg Mm§JbrM ‘XV hmoVo hr nÜXV ’$ma nwamVZ
Amho. ^mV ImMam‘Ü¶o nmUrgmR>m H$aVmV Ë¶m‘wio ^yOb nyZ^©aUmg ‘XV hmoVo. BVa {nH$mgmR>r hr nÜXV dmnaV ZmhrV.
nmUr, O{‘Zrda amZ~m§YUr Z H$aVmM nga{dbo OmVo ¶mbm àdmhr qgMZ åhQ>bo Amho.
2. ^wn¥îR>mImbr nmUrgmR>m nÜXV
O{‘ZrÀ¶m AmV H$mhr Cnm¶¶moOZm H$ê$Z nmUrgmR>m H$aVm ¶oVmo. ^yn¥îR>mda gmR>m Ho$bm Va ~mînr^dZ hmoVo, VgoM
O{‘Zr Iam~ hmoD$ eH$VmV. O{‘ZrImbr nmUrgmR>m Ho$bm Va ^yOb nmVir Iyn dmT>Vo nU ¶m nÜXVr R>am{dH$
n[apñWVr‘Ü¶oM dmnamV ¶oD$ eH$VmV.
 Xm~âU {dhra (B§Oo³eZ dob) … nyZ^©aU joÌmdarb n¥îR>^mJmdarb nmUr qdYZ {dhrarVyZ n§nmÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo
A{VXm~mZo Imobda Ob^mamV â{dbo OmVo. Ob^mamV ho nmUr ngaVo d gmMVo. ¶mH$[aVm qdYZ {dhrarMr ¶mo½¶ {ZdS>
H$amdr bmJVo. Á¶m {dhrarbm nmUr Zmhr Vr qdYZ {dhra {ZdSy> Z¶o. nmUr â{dVmZm Jmi{da{hV AgÊ¶mH$arVm qdYZ
{dhrarÀ¶m Vm|S>mer JmiU ì¶dñWm H$amdr. Ë¶mMà‘mUo Ob^mamÀ¶m ñWamV qdYZ {dhrarbm {N>Ðm§{H$V Ho$qgJ nmB©n
nwadmdm. A‘amdVr {d^mJmV ‘§Jéi{na ¶oWo AemM àH$maMm à¶moJ ¶eñdr Pmbm Amho.
 JwéËdmH$f©U âU {dhra (J«°pìhQ>r hoS> [aMmO© dob) … AmoT>çmMo nmUr qdYZ {dhrarV nwa{dbo OmVo. da C„oI Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo
[’$ëQ>a d Ho$qgJMr ì¶dñWm AgVo. n§nmÛmao Xm~mZo nmUr Z â{dVm JwéËdmH$f©UmÛmao âVmV.nyZ^©aUmH$[aVm dmnaUmao
nmUr jma{da{hV d Mm§Jë¶m XOm©Mo Agmdo. nmUr JwéËdmH$f©UmÀ¶m Xm~mZo O{‘ZrV Ob^mamV â{dbo OmVo.
(~) AàË¶j nÜXVr
nmUr àË¶jnUo Z âVm nyZ^©aUmMm doJ dmT>{dÊ¶mMo Cnm¶ ¶m àH$mamV ‘moS>VmV. O{‘ZrVrb nmÊ¶mMm Cngm Ho$ë¶mZo
^yObnmVir ImbmdVo. Ë¶m {dhrarÀ¶m joÌmVrb ObXm~ H$‘r hmoVmo d OmXm ObXm~mH$Sy>Z nmUr H$‘r ObXm~mH$S>o
dmhVo.
1. BÝS>¶wñS> nwZ^©aU … Ob^ma Oa n¥îR>^mJmdarb nmUr gmR>çmer OmoS>bobm Agob Va {dhra Cngm H$aVmZm AmnmoAmnM
nmUrgmR>m Ob^mamV â{dbm OmVmo. ¶mbm BÝS>¶wñS> nyZ^©aU åhUVmV.
n§ntJ {d{ha … da Z‘wX Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo nmUr Cngm Ho$ë¶mda Ob^mamV H$‘rXm~ V¶ma hmoVmo d OmXm Xm~mImbr Agbobo
^yn¥îR>mdarb nmUr Oa h¡S´>mo{bH$br OmoS>bobo Agob Va ¶m nÜXVrMm Adb§~ H$aVmV.
g§J«mhH$ {dhra (H$bo³Q>a {dhra) … Iwë¶m {dhrarÀ¶m Vimer AmS>do {N>Ðm§{H$V nmB©n AgVmV. ho nmB©n àdmhmÀ¶m
{XeoZo AgVmV. ¶m g§J«mhH$ {dhrarÛmao AàË¶jnUo Ob^ma nwadR>m hmoVmo.
2. ^yOb àJVrH$aU - qdYZ {dhra ñ’$moQ> d hm¶S´>m’$°³MatJ H$ê$Z ^yOb àJVrH$aU H$aVm ¶oVo
qdYZ {dhra V§Ì (~r~rQ>r) … OmñV qH$dm {ZpíMV nO©Ý¶‘mZ AgyZhr H$mhr ^mJmVrb CX²^d ^yñVamVrb gpÀN>ÐVm H$‘r
Agë¶mZo H$moaS>o nS>VmV. Agm ^yñVa H¥${Ì‘[aË¶m gpÀN>Ð H$ê$Z, Ë¶mMr gmR>dU j‘Vm dmT>{dUo hm ¶m àH$ënmMm ‘w»¶
CÔoe Amho. ¶m V§Ìm‘Ü¶o CX²^dmÀ¶m n[agam‘Ü¶o Amdí¶H$ Ë¶m ImobrMr qdYU {N>Ðo H$ê$Z Ë¶m‘Ü¶o gwé§JmÛmao ñ’$moQ>
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 229

H$aÊ¶mV ¶oVmo. AemàH$mao nmoH$ir {Z‘m©U Pmboë¶m ^yñVamV nmdgmù¶m‘Ü¶o ^yOb gmR>m {Z‘m©U hmoVmo. ¶m gmR>çmÀ¶m
ImbÀ¶m ~mOyg {dhra qH$dm qdYU {dhra ImoXÿZ OdiÀ¶m dñVrV hmVn§n qH$dm qdYU {dhrarÛmao {nÊ¶mMo nmUr
CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbo OmVo. bmoH$g§»¶m H$‘r Agboë¶m d {nÊ¶mÀ¶m nmÊ¶mMr AË¶§V {~H$Q> n[apñWVr Agboë¶m
dmS>r/dñVrg ¶m ¶moOZoÛmao bm^ {‘iy eH$Vmo.
hm¶S´>m’$°³MatJ (O{b¶^§OZ) … H$‘r j‘VoÀ¶m qdYZ {dhrarVrb ôJm d ’$Q>r H¥${Ì‘[aË¶m {dñVm[aV Ho$ë¶mg qH$dm
EH$‘oH$m§er OmoS>ë¶m Joë¶mg Ë¶m ôJm d ’$Q>r ^modVmbÀ¶m ^yOb dhZ ‘mJm©er qH$dm ^yOb gmR>çm§er {ZJS>rV hmoVmV.
Ë¶m‘wio qdYU {dhratMr nmUr nwadR>çmMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo. O{b¶^§OZ ¶m V§ÌmÛmao H$‘r j‘Vm Agboë¶m {dhrat‘Ü¶o
hm¶S´>m{bH$ n°H$a dmnê$Z Cƒ Xm~mImbr nmUr gmoS>Ê¶mV ¶oVo. Ë¶m‘wio IS>H$m‘Ü¶o A{ñVËdmV Agboë¶m ôJm ñdÀN>
hmoVmV VWm gXa ôJm {dñVm[aV hmodyZ H$mhr {R>H$mUr IS>H$m‘Ü¶o Zì¶mZo ôJm d ’$Q>r V¶ma hmoVmV. n¶m©¶mZo qdYZ
{dhrarÀ¶m nmUr nwadR>çmÀ¶m j‘VoV bjUr¶ dmT> hmoVo.
3. ^yOb g§dY©Z - ^y{‘JV ~§Ymao d IS>H$mVrb ôJm ~§X H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m V§ÌmÛmao ^yOb g§dY©Z H$aVm ¶oVo.
^y{‘JV ~§Ymao … nmUbmoQ> joÌm‘Ü¶o Oa EImÚm Zmë¶m‘Ü¶o dmiwMm Wa 1 ‘r. nojm OmñV Agob Ë¶m {R>H$mUr
dmiw CH$ê$Z O{‘ZrÀ¶m n³³¶m IS>H$mn¶ªV ImoXmB© Ho$br OmVo d ImoXboë¶m ^mJmV Imbr ‘mVr KmbwZ Ë¶mda
nmUr ‘méZ, Yw‘g H$ê$Z R>am{dH$ KZVm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r X~mB© Ho$br OmVo. Zmë¶mÀ¶m VimÀ¶m C§Mrn¶ªV hr
‘mVr âbr OmVo. ¶m‘wio Zmë¶mÀ¶m bJVÀ¶m joÌm‘Ü¶o nmUr ‘wabo OmVo d Ë¶mMm ’$m¶Xm eoOmarb {dhratZm
H$m¶‘ñdénr hmoVmo. ¶m‘Ü¶o ‘hËdmMm ’$m¶Xm åhUOo ho nmUr dmiw‘Ü¶o O{‘ZrÀ¶m Imbr Agë¶m‘wio ¶m nmÊ¶mMo
H$moR>ë¶mhr àH$mamZo ~mînr^dZ hmoV Zmhr d Ë¶m‘wio CnbãY nmUr nwadR>m nwU©nUo dmnaVm ¶oVmo.
^yOb nyZ^©aU nÕVr
1) àË¶j nX²YVr 2) AàË¶j nX²YVr 3) g§¶w³V nX²YVr
1) Imoao nwZ^©aU d emâQ>
2) BÝS²>¶wñS> nwZ^©aU d OmoS> {dhra
3) ^y{‘JV ~§Ymao d OmoS> {dhrar
^yn¥ð> gmR>m nÕV ^yn¥ð>mImbr gmR>m nÕV ^yOb àJVrH$aU BÝS²>¶wñS> nwZ^©aU ^yOb g§dY©Z
1) eoVmV nmUr gmR>m nÕV 1) Xm~ âU {dhra 1) qdYZ {dhra ñ’$moQ> 1) n§nrJ {dhra 1) ^y{‘JV ~§Ymao
2) eoVMmè¶m, Zm§JaQ> B. 2) JwéËdmH$f©U âU {dhra 2) h¡S´>’°$³MatJ 2) g§J«mhH$ {dhra 2) IS>H$mVrb ôJm ~§X H$aUo
3) Imoao nyZ^©aU 3) BZ{’$ëQ>aoeZ J°bar
4) ^yOb d ‘¥Xg§YmaU
5) Zmbm ~§XrñVr
6) S>m§oJa CVmamdarb ~|M Q>oao[g§J
7) nmPa Vbmd
8) ZXrMm H$mhr nmQ> di{dUo
9) àdmhmMr qgMZ nÕV
{dhra d Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aU

{dhra d Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aUmMr JaO
nmUr hr EH$ Z¡g{J©H$ g§nÎmr Amho. ^yVbmdarb gd© Ordg¥îQ>rbm nmÊ¶mMr JaO Amho. nmdgmMo nmUr ^yn¥îR>^mJmda nSy>Z
O{‘ZrV ‘waVo. ‘waUmao nmUr ^yn¥îR>mImbr Imobda O{‘ZrÀ¶m H$mhr Wam§‘Ü¶o gmR>Vo. Aem nmÊ¶mÀ¶m gmR>çmbm AmnU ^yOb
Ago åhUVmo. {dhrarÛmao hm ^yObgmR>m Amnbr d eoVrMr, {nÊ¶mMr d H$mhr à‘mUmV Am¡Úmo{JH$ JaO ^mJ{dVmo. dmT>Ë¶m
bmoH$g§»¶o‘wio nmÊ¶mMr JaO dmT>V Amho. ^yn¥îR>mda Agbobo ObgmR>o H$‘r/Anwao nS>V Agë¶m‘wio ^yOb gmR>m dmnaÊ¶mMo
à‘mU doJmZo dmT>V Amho.
Á¶mà‘mUmV ^yObgmR>çmV Z¡g{J©H$[aË¶m dmT> hmoV Amho. Ë¶mnojm OmñV à‘mUmV ^yObgmR>m Cngbm OmV Amho.
n[aUm‘r ^yOb nmVir {Xdg|{Xdg Imob OmV Amho. Hy$nZ{bHo$Ûmao H$mhr {R>H$mUr 500 ’w$Q>mnojm OmñV Imbrdê$Z ^yOb
CngÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.
230 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

^yOb gmR>çmMm dmT>Ê¶mMm Z¡g{J©H$ doJ H$‘r Agë¶mZo H¥${Ì‘[aË¶m hm doJ dmT>{dÊ¶mMo Cnm¶ ¶moOZo JaOoMo Pmbo Amho.
{dhra nyZ^©aU d Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aU hm Ë¶mn¡H$s EH$ Cnm¶ Amho. O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o AZoH$ doJdoJio {^ÝZ Wa AmT>iVmV. ¶m
Wam§Mr OmS>r, AmH$ma‘mZ doJdoJio Amho. n{hbm Wa ‘mVrMm, ¶m WamVyZ nmUr ‘waÊ¶mMm doJ Xa {Xdgmbm gmYmaUnUo 2
g|.‘r. AgVmo. ‘wa‘mÀ¶m WamVyZ nmUr dmhÊ¶mMm hmM Xa 10 g|.‘r. Agy eH$Vmo. Á¶m IS>H$m§Zm ôJm, ’$Q>r, gi d gwú‘ {N>Ðo
AgVmV Ë¶m IS>H$mVyZ nmUr dmhÊ¶mMm hmM Xa 200 g|.‘r. EdT>m gwÜXm Agy eH$Vmo. ¶m gdmªMm EH${ÌVnUo {dMma Ho$bm
AgVm nmdgmMo nmUr O{‘Zrda nS>ë¶mnmgyZ ^yObgmR>çmn¶ªV nmohMÊ¶mg gmYmaUnUo EH$ ‘{hZm qH$dm OmñV H$mbmdYr
bmJVmo. åhUOoM Z¡g{J©H$ ^yOb âUmMm doJ ’$ma H$‘r Amho ho {XgyZ ¶oVo. nmUr CngÊ¶mMm gÜ¶mMm Amnbm doJ ¶m doJmnojm
OmñV Amho. ¶mdê$Z {dhra nyZ^©aU ho {H$Vr ‘hËËdmMo d JaOoMo Amho ho {XgyZ ¶oB©b.
{dhra nyZ^©aU åhUOo H$m¶?
nmdgmMo nmUr {dhrarV gmoS>Uo åhUOo {dhra nyZ^©aU hmo¶. ¶mgmR>r AmoT>m qH$dm Zmë¶mVyZ dmhUmao nmdgmMo nmUr,
nmdgmMm AnYmd ¶m§Mm dmna H$aVm ¶oVmo. nmdgmù¶mV {dhra âë¶mZo {dhrarVrb nmUr O{‘ZrV Imobda ‘waob. Á¶m
ObWamVyZ nmUr Cngbo Jobo hmoVo, Ë¶m ObWamV {dhrarVrb nmUr {eaVo. nmdgmù¶mÀ¶m g§nyU© h§Jm‘mV Aem àH$mao nmUr
âboë¶m {dhratÀ¶m gdm©V OmñV Imobda Agboë¶m WamV ^yObgmR>m nyd©dV hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
{dhrarV Jmi {‘lrV nmUr âë¶mg Am{U {dhrarV Jmi Agë¶mg Á¶m gyú‘ ôJm§VyZ/{N>Ðm§VyZ Jmi¶w³V nmUr Ob-
WamV dmhVm§Zm Jmim‘wio Vr {N>Ðo/ôJm/’$Q>r ~§X nS>Ê¶mMm XmQ> YmoH$m {Z‘m©U hmoVmo d Oa hr {N>Ðo ~§X nS>br Va {dhra ~§X
nSy> eH$Vo. åhUyZ Jmi{dahrV nmUr {dhrarV gmoS>Uo AË¶§V ‘hËdmMo Amho.
{dhra nwZ^©aUmMr nÜXV (H¥$n`m gmo~VMr AmH¥$Vr nhmdr.)
1. {dhra d AmoT>çmÀ¶m A§Vam‘Ü¶o 3 ‘rQ>a d 2 ‘rQ>a bm§~rMo XmoZ ñdV§Ì IÈ>o ¿¶mdoV.
2. n{hbm IÈ>m 3 ‘rQ>a bm§~, 3 ‘rQ>a é§X d 1 ‘rQ>a Imob ¿¶mdm.
3. Xþgam IÈ>m n{hë¶m IS²>S>çmnmgyZ 3 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda ¿¶mdm.
4. Xþgam IÈ>m 2 ‘rQ>a bm§~, 1.5 ‘rQ>a é§X d 2 ‘rQ>a Imob ¿¶mdm.
5. n{hë¶m IS²>S>çmÀ¶m ‘Ü¶^mJr EH$ AmS>do {N>Ð KoD$Z hm IÈ>m nr.ìhr.gr. 6 B§M nmB©nÛmao Xþgè¶m IS²>S>çmg OmoS>mdm.
6. n{hbm IÈ>m XJS> JmoQ>çm§Zr âmdm.
7. ‘hmË‘m ’w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþarZo {Xboë¶m {e’$maerZwgma A{YH$ H$m¶©j‘VogmR>r Xþgè¶m IS²>S>çmÀ¶m Vimer 0.45
‘rQ>a OmS>rMm IS>rMm Wa âmdm. Ë¶m Wamda 0.45 ‘rQ>a OmS>rMm dmiyÀ¶m MmirMm Wa âmdm. Ë¶mZ§Va 0.45 ‘rQ>a
OmS>rMm ~marH$ dmiyMm Wa ^ê$Z Ë¶mda 0.15 ‘rQ>a OmS>rMm {dQ>m§À¶m Mwè¶mMm Wa ^ê$Z ¿¶mdm d hm IÈ>m VimnmgyZ 4
B§M nr.ìhr.gr. nmB©nÛmao {dhrarer OmoS>mdm.
8. AmoT>çmVrb nmÊ¶m‘Yrb nmbmnmMmoim, H$Mam BË¶mXr 3 ‘rQ>a bm§~, 3 ‘rQ>a é§X d 1 ‘rQ>a Imobr IS²>S>çmV pñWamdVrb
Am{U H$U {dahrV nmUr nmB©nÛmao 2 ‘rQ>a bm§~, 1.5 ‘rQ>a é§X d 2 ‘rQ>a Imob IS²>S>çmV OmB©b.
9. Xþgè¶m IS²>S>çmVyZ Jmibobo ñdÀN> nmUr {dhrarV nmB©nÛmao OmD$Z {dhra nyZ^©aU hmoB©b.
10. darbà‘mUo {d{ha nyZ^©aU H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gmYmaUV… é.17,500/- EdT>m IM© ¶oVmo.
AnYmd
XJS> JmoQ>o 6 B§M nr.ìhr.gr. nmB©n
{dQ>m§Mm Mwam 0.15 ‘r.
1 ‘rQ>a 3 ‘rQ>a
0.45 ‘r. ~marH$ dmiy
3 ‘rQ>a 0.45 ‘r. dmiyMr Mmi

IÈ>m H«$.1
0.45 ‘r. IS>r 4 B§M nr.ìhr.gr. nmB©n
2 ‘rQ>a
IÈ>m H«$.2
AmH¥$Vr … {dhra nyZ^©aU nÜXV {dhra
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 231

Mma Wam§À¶m gwYm[aV JmiU ¶§ÌUogmR>r bmJUmao gm{hË¶
Wa H«$‘m§H$ Wam§Mr OmS>r gm{hË¶ d AmH$ma‘mZ
1. 15 g|.‘r. {dQ>m§Mm Mwam (30 Voo 40 {‘. ‘r.)
2. 45 g|.‘r. ~marH$ dmiy (0.6 Voo 2.00 {‘. ‘r.)
3. 45 g|.‘r. dmiyMr Mmi (2.00 Voo 6.00 {‘. ‘r.)
4. 45 g|.‘r. IS>r (9.5 Voo 15.5 {‘. ‘r.)
Hy$nZ{bHo$Ûmao ^yOb nyZ^©aU : nmdgmMo nmUr Hy$nZ{bHo$V gmoS>Uo åhUOoM Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aU hmo¶.
nÜXV
1. Hy$nZ{bHo$Odi Zmbm AWdm AmoT>çmMo nmUr didmdo.
2. Hy$nZ{bHo$À¶m g^modVmbr 2 ‘rQ>a bm§~, 2 ‘rQ>a é§X d 1.5 ‘rQ>a Imob AmH$mamMm IÈ>m ImoXmdm.
3. IS²>S>çmVrb C§Mr EdT>çm Ho$qgJ nmB©nÀ¶m ^mJmV 1-2 g|.‘r. A§Vamda gd© ~mOyZo 4-5 {‘.‘r. ì¶mgmMr {N>Ðo
nmS>mdrV.
4. ¶m {N>Ðmda bmoI§S>r/ßb°[ñQ>H$ Omir (2 {_._r. ) KÅ> Jw§S>mimdr.
5. IS²>S>çmMo Mma ^mJmV {d^mOZ H$ê$Z Imbrb V³Ë¶mV Z‘yX Ho$ë¶mà‘mUo gdm©V ImbÀ¶m ^mJmV XJS>JmoQ>o, Ë¶mdaÀ¶m
WamV IS>r Z§VaÀ¶m WamV ~marH$ dmiy Mmi d gdm©V daÀ¶m WamV {dQ>m§Mo VwH$S>o ^ê$Z ¿`mdoV. gXa IS>çm‘Ü¶o Mma Wa
^ê$Z Pmë¶mZ§Va IÈ>m [aH$m‘m am{hë¶mg Vmo nwÝhm XJS> JmoQ>çm§Zr ^éZ ¿¶mdm.
6. Aem àH$mao AmoT>çmMo AWdm Zmë`mMo JTy>i nmUr JmiUrVyZ ñdÀN> hmoD$Z Hw$nZ{bHo$V OmB©b Am{U Hw$nZ{bHo$Mo
nwZ©âU hmoB©b.
7. darbà‘mUo Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aU H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gmYmaUV… é. 9,000/- EdT>m IM© ¶oVmo.
8. Mma Wam§À`m gwYmarV JmiU `§ÌUogmR>r bmJUmao gm{hË`
Wa H«$_m§H$ Wam§Mr OmS>r gm{hË` d AmH$ma_mZ
1 25 go._r. {dQ>m§Mo VwH$S>o (24 Vo 28 {_._r.)
2 25 go._r. ~marH$dmiy (0.6 Vo 2 {_._r.)
3 25 go._r. IS>r (9.5 Vo 15.5{_._r.)
4 25 go._r. XJS> JmoQ>o (20 Vo 24 {_._r.)
AmH¥$Vr
Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aU
Aem àH$mao AmoT>çmMo AWdm Zmë¶mMo nmUr JmiUrVyZ ñdÀN> hmoD$Z Hy$nZ{cHo$V OmB©c Am{U Hy$nZ{cHo$Mo nyZ^©aU hmoB©c.
232 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{dhra d Hy$nZ{bH$m nyZ^©aUmMo doir ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr
1. AmoT>çmbm ¶oUmao nmUr ho jma d agm¶Z {dahrV Agmdo.
2. {dhrarV nmUr Vimn¶ªV nmB©nÛmao nmohMdmdo.
3. nyZ^©aUmnydu XmoZ JmiUr IÈ>o AgmdoV.
4. nyZ^©aUmnydu {dhrarVrb Jmi H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm.
5. nyZ^©aU ho Jmiboë¶m d ñdÀN> nmÊ¶mZoM H$amdo.
6. Á¶m joÌmda ‘rR> ’w$Q>bo Agob åhUOoM jma O‘m Pmbo AgVrb Ë¶m joÌmdarb nmUr {dhra nyZ^©aUmg dmnê$ Z¶o.
7. Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVrb nmdgmMo nmUr nyZ^©aUmg dmnê$ Z¶o.
8. gmIa H$maImZm n[agamV OoWo ‘ir O{‘Zrda ngaë¶m OmVo Ë¶m ^mJmVrb nmUr dmnê$ Z¶o.
9. gyú‘ OrdmUy OÝ¶ VWm amoJamB©pñWV joÌmVrb nmUr dmnê$ Z¶o.
10. dmiy JmoQ>o ¶m§Zr V¶ma Ho$bobr JmiUr nmdgmù¶mnydu EH$Xm ñdÀN> H$amdr.
^yOb àXþfU
h[aV H«$m§Vr‘wio eoVr {dídmV ZdZdrZ V§ÌmMm, H¥${Ì‘ amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§Mm d H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV
gwé Pmbm. àm‘w»¶mZo amgm¶{ZH$ IVm§Mm d H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna à§MS> à‘mUmV gwé Pmbm. gwna ’$m°ñ’o$Q>, ¶w[a¶m, nmoQ>°e,
Zm¶Q´>oQ²>g ¶mgmaIr H¥${Ì‘ amgm¶{ZH$ IVo g|Ðr¶ IVm§EodOr gd©Ì {dnwb à‘mUmV dmnabr OmV AmhoV. Ë¶m§Mm‘wio O{‘ZrVrb
jmam§Mo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. VgoM O{‘ZrVrb Cn¶wº$ OrdmUy, ~waer, e¡dmb, H¥$‘r, Jm§Sy>i ¶m§gma»¶m OrdmMm§hr ¶m agm¶Zm§‘wio
èhmg hmoVmo. Ë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMm H$g Zï> hmoVmo. {VMr CnOmD$ eº$shr Zmhrer hmoVo.
Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmVyZ ’$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {Zén¶moJr nXmW© ~mhoa Q>mH$bo OmVmV. CXm. Amg©o{ZH$, {ego, H°$S>{Z¶‘,
nmè¶mMr g§¶wJo, H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$, (CXm. nm°{b³bmo[aZoQ>oS> ~m¶’o${Zëg PCBV) BË¶mXr KmVH$ {dfmar KQ>H$ Z¡g{J©H$ ^yObmV
OmD$Z {‘iVmV. Ë¶m‘wio Aem nmÊ¶mMr JwUdÎmm T>mgiVo. àXÿ{fV ^yObmMm dmna {g§MZmgmR>r H$aÊ¶mgmR>rMo ‘mnX§S>
Imbrbà‘mUo AmhoV.
qgMZmMo nmÊ`mÀ`m à{VgmR>r {Xem{ZX}e …
nmÊ¶mMr àV gmo{S>A‘ (%) NA {dÚwVƒmbH$Vm gmo{S>A‘ emofU Adeo{fV ñdV§Ì
EC, us/cm JwUmoËVa (SAR) ³bmoarZ RSC Meg/Lit
A{VCÎm‘ <20 <250 <10 <1.25
Mm§Jbr 20-40 250-750 10-18 1.25-2.0
‘Ü¶‘ 40-60 750-2250 18-26 2.0-2.5
Iam~ 60-80 2250-4000 >26 2.5-3.0
A{VIam~ >80 >4000 >26 >3.0
g§X^© …- H|${Ð¶ ^yOb ‘hm‘§S>i (GWB) Am{U ‘Ü¶dVu àXþfU {Z¶§ÌU ‘§S>i ( CPCB) (2000)
amï´>r¶ n¶m©daU n«V ‘mZm§H$Z National Environment Quality Standards (NEQS)
H$maImÝ¶m§VyZ ~mhoa nS>Umè¶m gm§S>nmÊ¶mVo qgMZmgmR>r dmna H$aÊ¶mgmR>rMo ‘mnX§S>
A. Z§. nXmW© JwUd¡{eï>¶o ‘¶m©Xm
0
1 Vmn‘mZ (Temperature) 40 C
2 gm‘y (pH value (acidity/basicity) 6-10pH
3 O¡d amgm¶{ZH$ Am°p³gOZ ‘mJUr 80 {‘.J«°./{b.
4 amgm¶{ZH$ Am°p³gOZ ‘mJUr Chemical OXygen Demand (COD) 150 {‘.J«°./{b.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 233

A. Z§. nXmW© JwUd¡{eï>¶o ‘¶m©Xm
5 EHy$U Vab KQ>H$ (Total Suspended Solids) 150 {‘.J«°./{b.
6 EHy$U {daKibobo KQ>H$ (Total Dissolved Solids) 3500 {‘.J«°./{b.
7 J«rg Am{U Am°B©b (Grease and oil) 10 {‘.J«°./{b.
8 ³bmoamB©S> Chloride (CI) 1000 {‘.J«°./{b.
9 âbmoamB©S> Fluoride (F) 20 {‘.J«°./{b.
10 gm¶ZmB©S> Cyanide (Cn) 2 {‘.J«°./{b.
11 gë’o$Q> Sulphate (SO 4
-2)
600 {‘.J«°./{b.
12 gë’$mB©S> Sulphide (S) 1.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
13 A‘mo{Z¶m Ammonia (NH ) 3 40 {‘.J«°./{b.
14 H$sS>ZmeHo$, H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$, ~waerZmeHo$ Am{U VUZmeHo$ 0.15 {‘.J«°./{b.
(Pesticides, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides,)
15 H°$S>{‘A‘ Cadmium (Cd) 0.1 {‘.J«°./{b.

16 H«$mo{‘A‘ Chromium (Cr+6) 1.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
17 Vm§~o Copper (Cu) 1.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
18 {ego Lead (Pb) 0.5 {‘.J«°./{b.
19 nmam (Mercury) 0.01 {‘.J«°./{b.
20 gobo{Z¶‘ Selenium (Se) 0.5 {‘.J«°./{b.
21 {ZHo$b Nickel (Ni) 1.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
22 Mm§Xr Silver (Ag) 1.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
23 EHy$U {dfmar YmVy (Total Toxic Metals) 2.0 {‘.J«°./{b.
g§JUH$s¶ àUmbr
[g§MZ ì¶dñWmnZ V§ÌmÀ¶m H$‘r doioV à^mdr A§‘b~OmdUrH$arVm g§JUH$s¶ àUmbr Cn¶wº$ R>aVmV. øm {dÚmnrR>mZo
Ë¶mH$arVm Imbrb g§JUH$s¶ àUmbr {dH$grV Ho$ë¶m AmhoV.
1. ’w$bo Ob … {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr JaO hr {nH$mMr AdñWm d hdm‘mZmda AmYmarV AgVo. hdm‘mZmda AmYmarV g§X{^©¶
~mînnUm©oËg©OZ Mr ‘mÌm R>a{dÊ¶mgmR>r d n¶m©¶mZo {nH$mMr nmÊ¶mMr Amdí¶H$Vm H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r ’w$bo Ob hr g§JUH$s¶
AmkmàUmbr V¶ma Ho$bobr Amho.
2. ’w$bo qgMZ AmaoIZ … AmdV©Zmda AmYmarV nmUr dmQ>n (e¡Onmir) H$aUmè¶m ObqgMZ àH$ënmÀ¶m bm^joÌmV
gwú‘ qgMZ àUmbrMo AmaoIZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r d Vr am~{dÊ¶mgmR>r ’w$bo gwú‘ qgMZ AmaoIZ hr g§JUH$ àUmbr {dH$grV
Ho$bobr Amho.
3. ’w$bo {S´>n eoS>çwba … {R>~H$ qgMZ àUmbrgmR>r nmÊ¶mMr ‘mÌm R>a{dÊ¶mH$arVm d n¶m©¶mZo qgMZ àUmbr H$m¶m©pÝdV
R>odÊ¶mMr doi R>a{dÊ¶mH$arVm ’w$bo {S´>n eoS>çwba hr g§JUH$s¶ AmkmàUmbr {dH$grV H$aÊ¶mV Ambobr Amho. darb
g§JUH$s¶ AmkmàUmbrÀ¶m g§X^m©V ObqgMZ d {ZMam A{^¶m§{ÌH$s {d^mJ, ‘’w$H¥${d, amhþar ¶oWo g§nH©$ gmYmdm.
234 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

O¡{dH$ B§YZ
O¡{dH$ B§YZ åhUOo dZñnVrOÝ` VocmnmgyZ V`ma Ho$coco B§YZ, Ë`mgmR>r ImÚ Am{U AImÚ VocmÀ`m dZñnVrMm dmna
hmoD$ eH$Vmo. ^maVmgma»`m {dH$gZerc XoemV ImÚ VocmMr Q>§MmB© AgVmZm Ë`mMm dmna AmnU O¡{dH$ B§YZ {Z{‘©VrgmR>r
H$é eH$V Zmhr. `mñVd AImÚ Voc{~`m d¥jm§Mm O¡{dH$ B§YZ {Z{‘©VrgmR>r n`m©` AmnUmnwT>o Amho. AImÚ Voc{~`m d¥jm§Mm
{dMma Ho$cm Va Amnë`m dmVmdaUmV H$moUË`m Voc{~`m dZñnVr Mm§Jë`m òD$ eH$VmV, H$moUË`m A{YH$ CËnmXZ XoD$
eH$VmV, `mMm {dMma An[ahm`© R>aVmo. H$maU CËnmXZmÀ`m Ñï>rZo VrM ~m~ ‘hËdmMr R>aVo. Amnë`mH$S>rc hdm‘mZmMm
{dMma Ho$cm Va OQ´>mo\$m (dZEa§S>), H$a§O, H$Sy>[Z§~, {g‘mé~m (cú‘rVé) Am{U OmoOmo~m B. d¥jm§Mr O¡{dH$ B§YZ AWm©V
~m`mo[S>PocgmR>r cmJdS> `mo½` R>ê eH$Vo.$
$
O¡{dH B§YZmgmR>r bmJdS> H$aVm òUmao d¥j
$
A. d¥jmMo emór` Zmd cmJdS>rMo {~`mVrc {~`mUo gwé d¥jmMo
Z§. Zmd A§Va (‘rQ>a) VocmMo hmoÊ`mMm Am`y‘m©Z
à‘mU % H$mcmdYr
(df©) (df©)
1 H$a§O nm|Jm{‘`m 5x5 hcH$s 27-39% 5-7 90-100
{nZmQm 6x6 ^mar
2 OmoOmo~m gm`‘§S>ogm` 4x1 45-55% 5-6 100
Mm`Z|grg 4x2
3 {Z‘ APmS>ra°ŠQ>m 5x5 20% 5 100
B§S>rH$m
4 {g‘mé~m {g‘mé~m 5x4 55% 5-6 40-50
½cmD$H$m
5 dZEa§S>/ OQ´>mo\$m 2x2 hcH$s 31-35% 3-4 40-50
OmQ´>mo\$m H$aH$g 3x3 ^mar
eoVH$ar Am{U J«m‘rU amoOJmamÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ nm[hco AgVm ~m`mo[S>Poc H$m`©H«$‘mMr H$mhr d¡{eîQ>ço S>moù`mg‘moa
òVmV. Ë`m‘Üò gm¡aCOm© [H¨$dm ndZ CO}Mm AmnU gmR>m H$é eH$V Zmhr Am{U dmhZmgmR>r dmné eH$V Zmhr. na§Vy eoVH$ar
ñdV: ~m`mo[S>PocMr {Z{‘©Vr H$éZ gmR>m H$éZ R>ody eH$Vmo. KaJwVr CËnmXrV ~m`mo[S>PocMm Cn`moJ [S>Pobda MmcUmao {dÚwV
{Z{‘©Vr `§Ì$, qgMZmH$arVm dmnaÊ`mV òUmao [S>Poc n§n VgoM eoVH$è`mÀ`m eoVmda dmnaÊ`mV òUmar `§Ìo Ogo, W«oea, Q´>°ŠQ>a,
Q´>H$ B. H$arVm H$ê$ eH$Vmo.COm©{Z{‘©VrV H$moUmdahr {dg§~wZ Z amhVm ñd`§nyU© hmoUo eŠ` Amho. AmOn`ªV Pmcoë`m à`moJm§Vr
Ago {gÕ Pmco Amho H$s, nmM Vo Xhm Q>¸o$ O¡{dH$ B§YZ [S>Poc‘Üò {‘gico Va Vo nwU©V: gwa[jV Amho Am{U Vgo à`moJ B§[S>`Z
Am°B©c H$m°nm}aoeZÀ`m g§emoYZ {d^mJ VgoM XoemVrc H$mhr H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§Zr Ho$coco AmhoV. nmM Q>¸o$ O¡{dH$ B§YZ [S>Poc‘Üò
{‘giyZ B§{S>`Z Am°B©cZo à`moJ H$éZ A‘¥Vga Vo [X„r eVmãXr EŠgàog aoëdo 31 [S>g|~a 2002 amoOr Mmc{dcr VgoM
har`mZm d JwOamV amÁ`mV ~goghr O¡{dH$ B§YZmda Mmc{dë`m. h[a`mZm‘Üò [H$ËòH$ eoVH$ar dZEa§S> d Am§Y«àXoe‘Üò H$a§O
VobmnmgyZ eoVrMo n§n Am{U Q´>°ŠQ>a MmcdV AmhoV. ‘h|Ðm Am{U ‘h|Ðm H§$nZrZo O¡{dH$ B§YZmda èñdrnUo Q´>°ŠQ>a Mmc{dcm
Amho. n`m©`mZo O¡{dH$ B§YZ ho noQ´>moc, [S>Pocnojm {ZpíMVM OmñV Cn`moJr Agë`mZo ^{dî`m‘Üò Ë`mcm Iyn ‘moR>r ‘mJUr
amhUma Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 235

O¡{dH$ B§YZ / ~m`mo[S>Poc d noQ´>moc [S>PocMr VwcZm
A. JwUY‘© O¡{dH$ B§YZ / ~m`mo[S>Poc noQ´>moc / [S>Poc
Z§.
1 {gQ>oZ Z§~a 51-62 44-49
2 Q>m°ŠgrgrQ>r Zm°Z Q>m°ŠgrH$ Q>m°ŠgrH$
3 Am°pŠgOZ 11% \$ma H$‘r
4 A°amo‘°Q>rŠg Zm°Z A°amo‘°Q>rŠg H§$nmD$S>g 18-22%
5 gë\$a ---------- 0.05%
6 âc°e nm°BªQ> 300-400 \°$ 125
7 B§YZ àH$me ñdÀN>, nyÝhm nyÝhm V`ma hmoUmam àXÿfUahrV, V`ma H$aVm òV Zmhr
n`m©`r Z¡g{J©H$
8 V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r cmJUmam IM© H$‘r OmñV
O¡{dH$ B§YZ Am{U noQ´>mob {S>PobMr VwbZm Ho$br Va O¡{dH$ B§YZm‘wio hmoUmao dmVmdaUmVrb àXÿfU AJXrM ZJÊ¶ Amho.
O¡{dH$ B§YZmMr gÜ`mMr JaO d hmoUmam nyadR>m `m‘Üò Iyn ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda V\$mdV Amho. Ë`mgmR>r AmnUmg Am`mV
H$aÊ`mdaM â Úmdm cmJVmo. AmnU gd©gmYmaUnUo 70% IZrO B§YZ Am`mV H$aVmo. `mgmR>r CÎm‘ n`m©` åhUOo Am`mV
Ho$coco B§YZ dmnaÊ`mnojm dZñnVrOÝ` O¡{dH$ B§YZ {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo hmo`. O¡{dH$ B§YZ AmnU nwÝhm - nwÝhm V`ma H$é eH$Vmo.
Ë`mgmR>r B©W°Zm°c d O¡{dH$ B§YZ dmnamda OmñV â XodyZ AmnU dmVmdaUmVrc àXÿfU H$‘r H$é eH$Vmo, B§YZ Am`mVrÀ`m
IMm©V H$mQ>H$ga H$é eH$Vmo d nS>rH$ O‘rZrda Voc{~`m d¥jm§Mr cmJdS> H$éZ J«m‘rU ^mJmVrc OZVog amoOJma {Z{‘©Vrg d
n`m©`mZo H¥$frAW©ì`dñWm ~iH$Q> H$é eH$Vmo. Q´>mÝgBñQ>ar{\$Ho$eZ nÕVrZo H$moUË`mhr dZñnVrOÝ` VocmnmgyZ (ImÚ [H¨$dm
AImÚ) ~m`mo[S>Poc V`ma H$aVm òVo. Amnë`m XoemV ImÚ VocmMm VwQ>dS>m Agë`m‘wio AImÚ Voc{~`m d¥jm§Mr nS>rH$
O{‘ZrV cmJdS>$ H$éZ Ë`mnmgyZ {‘iUmè`m VocmnmgyZ ~m`mo[S>Poc CËnmXZmg \$ma ‘moR>m dmd Amho. VgoM AImÚ Voc{~`m,
dZEa§S>, H$a§O, {Z‘, OmoOmo~m, {g‘mé~m B. gma»`m PmS>m§Mr Amnë`m nS>rH$ O{‘ZrV cmJdS> H$éZ eoVH$ar Ë`mnmgyZ
ñdV:nwaVo ~m`mo[S>Poc ñdV:M H$é eH$Vmo. ‘hmamï>´>mgma»`m H$moaS>dmhÿ àXoemVrc nS>rH$ O{‘Zrda Oa dZEa§S> d H$a§O gma»`m
H$‘r nmÊ`mda OJUmè`m PmS>m§Mr emór` nÕVrZo cmJdS> Ho$ë`mg ^{dî`mV O¡{dH$ B§YZ {Z{‘©Vrcm MmcZm {‘iy eH$Vo Am{U
gÜ`mÀ`m B§YZ Q>§MmB©da ‘mV H$aVm òD$ eHo$c.
~m`mo[S>PocMo \$m`Xo
* ehar VgoM J«m‘rU ^mJmgmR>r Anma§nmarH$ D$Om©ómoV
* H$moUË`mhr VocmnmgyZ ~Z{dVm òVo. {deofV: AImÚVoc CËnmXZ KoÊ`mg MmcZm
* V`ma H$aÊ`mMr AË`§V gai, gmonr, H$‘r IMm©Mr d KaJwVr nÕV
* ~m`mo[S>Poc‘Üò 10 Vo 11 Q>¸o$ àmUdm`y (Am°pŠgOZ) AgVmo. Ë`m‘wio 100 Q>¸o$ ÁdcZerc
* ~m`mo[S>Poc‘Üò J§YH$mMo à‘mU ZJÊ`M AgVo.
* ~m`mo[S>PocMm grQ>oZ Z§~a 51-62 À`m da Agë`mZo ËdarV noQ>Vo d OmñV [Xdg gmRy>Z R>odVm òVmo.
* ~m`mo[S>Poc XþJªY {dahrV AgVo.
* ~m`mo[S>PocMm âc°e nm°B§Q> 100 [S>J«r gopëgAgnojm OmñV AgVmo.
* ~m`mo[S>Poc Oimë`mZ§Va AË`§V H$‘r d nm§T>am Ywa {ZKVmo. `m YwamV H$m~©ZS>mÀm°ŠgmB©S> d J§YH$mMo à‘mU ZJÊ`
AgVo. n`m©`mZo H$‘r àXÿfU hmoVo.
* ~m`mo[S>Poc hmVmiÊ`mg d dmnaÊ`mg AË`§V gmono Amho.
236 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gm‘m{OH$ \$m`Xo
* J«m‘rU ^mJmMm {dH$mg, J«m‘rU CÚmoJ d ñd`§amoOJmamg g§Yr
* n[S>H$ d H$moaS>dmhÿ O{‘ZtMm CËnmXZmgmR>r Cn`moJ
* [S>Poccm n`m©`r Cnm`, eoVH$ar ñdV:Mr COm© ñdV: {Z{‘©Vr H$é eH$Vmo.
* n`m©daUmÀ`m àXþfUmg Amim ~gVmo.
>
~m`mo[SPoc V`ma H$aÊ`mMr gd©gmYmaU nÕV
dZñnVrOÝ` AImÚ Voc
H$mnS>mVyZ JmiUo
50 [S>J«r go. Vmn‘mZn`ªV Vmn{dUo
gmo[S>`‘ {‘Wm°ŠgmB©S>Mo ÐmdU hiydma T>H$cV VocmV Q>mH$Uo
p½cgarZ doJio H$aÊ`mgmR>r pñWa R>odUo
p½cgarZnmgyZ ~m`mo[S>Poc doJio H$aUo
~wS>~wS>m nÕVrZo ~m`mo[S>Poc YwUo
~m`mo[S>Poc doJio H$éZ 110 [S>J«r go. Vmn‘mZmda CH$iUo
~m`mo[S>Poc
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 237

H$a§O
gmYmaUV: 90 Vo 100 df} Am`w‘m©Z AgUmè`m `m d¥jmÀ`m {~`m‘Üò VocmMo à‘mU 25 Vo 35 à[VeV Amho. H$a§O
ho ~hþn`m©`r, n[a{MV d gd© [R>H$mUr AmT>iUmao gXmharV d¥j Amho. dmVmdaUmVrc d O{‘ZrVrc àXÿfU amoIÊ`mMo gm‘W©
cm^coë`m H$a§Omg ‘mZd OmVrg Amamo½`H$maH$ Agm ~hþ‘mZ Amnë`m F$fr‘wZtZr ~hmc Ho$cm Amho. Ë`mM~amo~a hoo EH$
An§amnm[aH$ D$Om©ómoVmMr {Z{‘©Vr H$aUmao Voc~r`m d¥j Amho. ^maVm‘Üò gd© amÁ`m‘Üò AmT>iUmao H$a§O `m d¥jmMo emñÌr`
Zmd nm|Jm{‘`m {nZmQ>m Amho. ‘amR>rV Vo H$a§O AWdm H$a§Or `m XmoÝhr ZmdmZo AmoiIco OmVo. ‘hmamï>´>mV AmoT`mH$mR>r, ZXr
Vramda añË`mÀ`m H$S>oZo hm d¥j ‘m>oR>çm à‘mUmV AmT>iyZ òVmo.
O‘rZ d hdm‘mZ : H$a§O CîU H$Q>r~§Yr` àXoemV {d{dY hdm‘mZmV CÎm‘ dmT>Vmo. g‘wÐ gnmQ>rnmgyZ 400 ‘rQ>a C§Mr
n`ªÝV 16 Vo 38 [S>J«r go{ëgAg dm{f©H$ Vmn‘mZ d 500 Vo 2500 {‘‘r [H¨$dm Ë`mnojm OmñV dm{f©H$ gamgar nO©Ý`‘mZ
AgUmè`m àXoemV dZñnVr Z¡g{J©H$arË`m dmT>Vm§Zm AmT>iVo. `m d¥jmMr cmJdS> hcH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘ ñdénmÀ`m O{‘ZrV Ho$cr
OmVo. AëH$cmB©Z O{‘ZrV XoIrc hr dZñnVr dmTy> eH$Vo. nmÊ`mMm {ZMam Z hmoUmar ^mar O‘rZ cmJdS>rgmR>r A`mo½` Amho.
amondm[Q>H$m … cmJdS>rgmR>r AË`§V {ZamoJr, ~iH$Q> ImoS> d ‘wimMr `mo½` à‘mUmV dmT> Pmcocr VgoM 45 Vo 60
go|.‘r. C§MrMo gmYmaUV: 3 Vo 6 ‘[hZo d`mMr amono {ZdS>mdrV. Aer amono V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Imcrc nÕVrMm Adc§~ H$amdm.
OmJoMr {ZdS : amondm[Q>H$oMr OmJm añË`mÀ`m Odi, ~ma‘mhr JmoS> nmÊ`mMr gmo` Agcocr àIa gy`©àH$me d
dmXim§nmgyZ amonm§Zm gwa[jV R>odVm òB©c Aer ì`dñWm AgUmar, OZmdam§nmgyZ CnÐd hmody Zò `mgmR>r Hw§$nU AgUmar
Agmdr. amondmQ>rHo$gmR>r {ZdS>cocr O‘rZ hr nmÊ`mMm {ZMam hmoUmar Agmdr. VgoM ~ma‘mhr d h§Jm‘r VUm§Mm Ìmg ZgUmar
CYB©Mm àmXþ©^md ZgUmar {ZdS>mdr.
nm°{cWrZ {neì`mV amono V`ma H$aUo … H$a§O cmJdS>rgmR>r amono V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r àM[bV nÕV åhUOo nm°{cWrZ
{neì`mV amono V`ma H$aUo. \o$~«wdmar Vo E{àc ‘[hÝ`mV PmS>mImcr [H¨$dm PmS>mdarc e|Jm Jmoim H$éZ ~r e|JmVyZ doJio H$amdo.
e|Jm \$moS>Vm§Zm {~`m \w$Q>Uma ZmhrV `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. gmYmaUnUo 12.5x25 go|.‘r. AmH$mamÀ`m nm°{cWrZ {nedrVnmo`Q>m
‘mVr, dmiy,eoUIV 2:1:1 `m à‘mUo {‘lU OmZodmar - \o$~«wdmar ‘[hÝ`mV ^éZ ‘mM©, E{àc ‘[hÝ`mV {neì`m§‘Üò {~ noamdo
d PmarZo nmUr Úmdo. CÝhmim H$S>H$ Agë`mg E{àc ‘[hÝ`mV {neì`m§‘Üò ~r noamdo d PmarZo nmUr Úmdo. CÝhmim H$S>H$
Agë`mg E{àc d ‘o ‘[hÝ`mV {neì`m A§erH$ gmdcrV R>odmì`mV [H¨$dm AmÀN>mXZ H$amì`mV.
cmJdS>rMr doi d nyd© ‘emJV : H$moaS>dmhÿ O‘rZrV nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwédmVrg cmJdS> H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
hcH$s O‘rZ 60x60x60 go|.‘r. d ^mar O{‘ZrV 45x45x45 go|.‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o CÝhmù`mV V`ma H$amdoV. XmoZ
PmS>m§Y‘rc A§Va 5x5 ‘rQ>a [H¨$dm 6x6 ‘rQ>a R>odmdo. amon§mMr cmJdS> H$aÊ`mAJmoXa IS²>S>çmV JaO Agë`mg nmo`Q>m ‘mVr,
eoUIV d 5 Q>¸o$ qcS>oZ nmdS>a Q>mH$mdr. amon IS²>S>çmV cmdë`mZ§Va amonm^modVmcMr ‘mVr nm`mZo KÅ> Xm~yZ ¿`mdr d PmarZo
nmUr Úmdo. cmJdS> Ho$ë`mZ§Va amon EH$ dfm©Mo hmoB©n`ªV Amdí`H$VoZwgma nmUr XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
Am§Va‘emJV : cmJdS> Ho$coë`m eoVrVrc JdV {Z`{‘VnUo H$mT>V amhmdo. AmocrV H$aÊ`mgmR>r PmS>m§^modVr 45 go|.‘r.
ì`mgmMo Jmoc Amio V`ma H$amdo. Amù`mVrc ‘mVr, daMo da CH$aV amhmdo. CÝhmù`mV Amù`mV nmcmnmMmoù`mMo AmÀN>mXZ
H$amdo.
Am§Va{nHo$ : PmS>mcJVMo 1 ‘rQ>a A§Va gmoSy>Z ‘Yë`m nQ²>Q>çmV [ÛXc àH$maMr Aer gmo`m~rZ, haâm, Vya, ‘yJ,
CS>rX `mgmaIr {nHo$ KoVm òVrc. Aer {nHo$ O{‘Zr‘Üò ZÌmMo à‘mU dmT>dV AgVmV Am{U Ë`mMm Cn`moJ d¥j OmVrg
Omo‘mZo dmT>Ê`mg hmoVmo.
CËnmXZ … `m PmS>mMr gwédmVrg XmoZ Vo VrZ df} Mm§Jcr H$miOr KoVë`mg, ghm Vo gmV dfmªZ§Va PmS>mcm e|Jm
òdy cmJVmV. PmS>mdarc e|Jm n³d hmoÊ`mMm H$mcmdYr hm gmYmaUnUo E{àc Vo ‘o n`ªV AgVmo. n³d$ hmoÊ`mÀ`m à[H«$òV
^m¡Jmo{cH$ÑîQ>çm {d{dYVm AmT>iVo. {~`m§Mo CËnmXZ gmYmaUV: PmS>mÀ`m d`mZwgma 5 Vo 90 [H$cmo à{V PmS> {‘iVo. PmS>mMo
ghmì`m [H¨$dm gmVì`m dfu CËnmXZ XoUo gwé hmoVo. ho CËnmXZ nwT>o 60 Vo 70 dfm©n`ªV {‘iV amhVo.
238 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Cn`moJ Am{U ‘hËd : `m PmS>mbm Am¡fYr dZñnVr åhUyZ \$ma ‘hËd Amho. H$a§O PmS>mMr VmOr gmc, ‘wio, nmZo,
\w$co d {~`m `m§Mm Cn`moJ Am¡fY åhUyZ hmoVmo. `m dZñnVrV AgUmè`m AZoH$ amgm`{ZH$ Ðì`m§Mm Cn`moJ Am¡fY CÚmoJmV
‘moR>çm à‘mUmV hmoV Amho. H$a§OmÀ`m ‘wù`mVrc AH$m©‘Üò {OdmUy {damoYH$, ~waer d O§Vy{damoYH$ JwUY‘© Amho.H$a§OrÀ`m
{~`m§‘Üò 25 Vo 35 Q>¸o$ Voc {‘iVo (gamgar 27 Q>¸o$) `m VocmMm O¡{dH$ B§YZ åhUyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV dmna hmody eH$Vmo.
VgoM {~`m§À`m n|[S>Mm Cn`moJ g|[Ð` IV åhUyZ dmna hmoVmo.
{g‘mê$~m (cú‘rVé)
cú‘rVê$ Voc{~`m d¥j {g‘mê$~mer `m Hw$imVrc AgyZ, hm Voc~r`m d¥j gXmharV, [ÛXc Voc{~`m dZñnVr, ‘Ü`‘
AmH$mamMm 15 Vo 25 ‘rQ>a C§Mr n`ªV dmT>Vmo, JmocmB© 50 Vo 80 go. ‘r. AgyZ, ‘w»` ImoS> JmocmH$ma, nmZo g§`wº$ Am{U
Ag‘mZ, 13 Vo 23 chmZ nmZo AgyZ, dfm©VyZ EH$XmM \w$co òVmV. `m àOmVr‘Üò H$mù`m a§JmMr \$io XoUmar Am{U nm§T>aQ>
{ndù`m a§JmMr \$io XoUmar `mà‘mUo XmoZ àH$maMo d¥j AmT>iVmV. \$im§Mm a§J Am{U nmZmÀ`m {eamMm a§J `m‘Üò {d{dYVm
Agcr Var XoIrc à{V PmS> {‘iUmao \$im§Mo CËnmXZ XmoÝhr àH$mamV Odinmg gmaIoM AgVo.ZdrZ cmJdS> Ho$coë`m d¥jm§Zm
4 Vo 6 dfmªZ§Va \w$cmoam òVmo. ~r`m‘Üò 55 Q>¸o$ VocmMo à‘mU AgyZ Ë`mMm dmna ImÚ Voc åhUyZ H$aVmV. Voc H$mT>ë`mZ§Va
Or n|S> {e„H$ amhVo Ë`m‘Üò 7.7 Vo 8.1 Q>¸o$ ZÌ, 1.07 Q>¸o$ ñ\w$aX, 1.24 Q>¸o$ nmcme AgVo. EH$m PmS>mnmgyZ à{V dfu 20
[H$cmo Ja {‘iVmo. Jam‘Üò 11 Q>¸o$ gmIa AgVo.
O‘rZ d hdm‘mZ : g‘wÐ gnmQ>rnmgyZ 1000 ‘rQ>a C§Mrn`©VÀ`m àXoemV `m Voc~r`m d¥jmMr Mm§Jcr dmT> hmoVo.
CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmè`m 5.5 Vo 8 gm‘w Agcoë`m O{‘ZrV dmT> Mm§Jcr hmoVo. 500 [‘. ‘r. Vo 4000 [‘.‘r. dm{f©H$ nO©Ý`‘mZ
Agboë`m joÌmV cmJdS> H$aVm òVo.
cmJdS> : `m Vob[~`m d¥jmMr 4x4 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda [H¨$dm 5x5 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda cmJdS> H$aVm òVo. hcŠ`m O{‘ZrV
60x60x60 go|.‘r. d ^mar O{‘ZrV 45x45x45 go|.‘r. AmH$mamMo IÈ>o ImoXÿZ Vo eoUIV, {‘l IV Am{U Mm§Jë`m ‘mVrZo
^éZ ¿`mdoV. amonm§Mr cmJdS> H$aÊ`mAJmoXa IS²>S>çmV {cS>|Z nmdS>a Q>mH$mdr.
amon{Z{‘©Vr : {~`mÛmao nm°crWrZ {nedrV amono V`ma H$éZ AWdm H$c‘ nÕVrZo amono V`ma H$aVm òVmV. amondmQ>rHo$V
amono V`ma H$aVmZm n¹$ Pmcoë`m {~`m 65 g|. J«o. Vmn‘mZmÀ`m nmÊ`mV 7 Vo 8 Vmg {ÔdyZ R>odmì`mV. ËæmmZ§Va `m {~`m
IV, ‘mVr, dmiyMo `mo½` {‘lU Agcoë`m {neì`mV AWdm JmXr dmâ`mda noamì`mV. gmYmaU: 15 Vo 18 [Xdgm§Zr {~`m§Mr
CJdU gwé hmoVo. JmXr dmâ`mdarc amonm§Zm 6 nmZo åhUOo nmZ§mMo VrZ OmoS> Amë`mZ§Va Am{U ‘w»` XoR>mcm Agcocr Xco JiyZ
nS>ë`mZ§Va amono hiydmanUo ‘wio VwQy> Z XoVm CnQ>mdrV Am{U IVo ‘mVrZo âcoë`m nm°{cWrZ {nedrV nwZ©cmJdS> H$amdrV d Vr
amono EH$ \w$Q> C§MrMr Pmë`mZ§Va cmJdS>rgmR>r dmnamdVrV.
Am§Va{nH$ : cmJdS>rZ§Va gwédmVrÀ`m XmoZ Vo VrZ dfm©V ‘Yë`m nQ²>Q>çmV gmo`m~rZ, haâm, CS>rX, ‘wJ, ^mOrnmcm
`mgmaIr H$‘r C§MrMr {nHo$ KoVm òVmV. Ë`mM~amo~a {g‘mé~m cmJdS>r‘Üò {gVm\$i, nnB©, H$ad§X `mgmaIr \$iPmS>m§Mr
{nHo KoVm òVmV.
CËnmXZ : cmJdS>rZ§Va gmYmaUV: nmMì`m dfm©nmgyZ CËnmXZmg gwédmV hmoVo. 10 ì`m dfm©nmgyZ {‘iUmao hoŠQ>ar
CËnmXZ nwT>rbà‘mUo … ~r : 12 Vo 15 [H$cmoJ«°‘, ImÚVoc : 1000 [H$cmoJ«°‘ Vo 2000 [H$cmoJ«°‘, Vocn|S> : 1000
[H$cmoJ«°‘ Vo 2000 [H$cmoJ«°‘, \$imVrc Ja : 6000 [H$cmoJ«°‘ Vo 8000 [H$cmoJ«°‘, nmcmnmMmoim : 6000 [H$cmoJ«°‘ Vo 8000
[H$cmoJ«°‘
Cn`moJ : {g‘mé~m hm ~hþCn`moJr d¥j AgyZ Ë`mMm {d{dY àH$mao Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmVmo. `m Voc{~`m d¥jmÀ`m ~r`m‘Üò
55 Vo 60 % Vob Agë`mZo Ë`mMm ImÚVocmgmR>r ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dmna hmody eH$Vmo. VgoM `m Vocmcm Am¡Úmo{JH$ joÌmV
àM§S> ‘mJUr AgyZ Am¡fY {Z{‘©Vr, a§J Am{U gm~U {Z{‘©VrgmR>r Ë`mMm Cn`moJ Ho$cm OmVmo. `m d¥jmnmgyZ {‘iUmè`m no|S>o‘Üò
7.7 Vo 8.1 % ZÌ 1.07% ñ\w$aX d 1.24% nmcme AgyZ Ë`mMm g|[Ð` IV åhUyZ dmna Ho$cm OmVmo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 239

H$Sy>qb~
1. O_rZ
H$Sw>qb~ hm H$moaS>dmhÿ ^mJmgmR>r EH$ A{Ve` gmo`rñH$a Am{U _m¡ë`dmZ d¥j Amho. hm d¥j Amho. hm d¥j 10 n`ªV gm_y
(nrEM) AgUmè`m O{_Zr_Üò dmT>bm OmD$ eH$Vmo. H$Sw>§qb~ hm d¥j S>m|Ja CVma, IS>H$mi, _miamZ, nS>rH$ hbŠ`m, _Ü`_
^mar, O{_ZrV dmT>Vmo. {ZMam Z hmoUmè`m nmUWi O{_Zr H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m bmJdS>rg A`mo½` AgVmV. AZoH$ {R>H$mUr à{VHy$b
n[apñWVrV BVa d¥j VJ Yé eH$V ZmhrV. Aem {R>H$mUr H$Sw>qb~ _mÌ Amnbo ApñVËd {gÜX H$aVmo.
2. hdm_mZ
A{Ve` OmñV Vmn_mZ, H$S>H$ W§S>r d YwHo$ ho d¥jmg ghZ hmoV Zmhr. H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m Mm§Jë`m dmT>rgmR>r 450 Vo 1125
{_._r. nmdgmMm àXoe Cn`wŠV _mZbm OmVmo. H$_rV H$_r 250 {_._r. nmdgmÀ`m àXoemV gwÜXm dmT> g_mYmZH$maH$
AmT>iVo. CîU d H$moaS>çm dmVmdaUmV dmT>rMm doJ OmñV AgVmo.
3. ~r g§H$bZ d bmJdS> nÜXV
~r CJdU j_VoMm H$mbmdYr ~r PmS>mdê$Z Jmoim Ho$ë`mnmgyZ \$ŠV 50 {XdgmMm AgVmo. XþJ©_ ^mJmV A{YH$ à_mUmV
bmJdS>rgmR>r nmdgmù`mnydu {~`m§Mr noaUr H$aUo OmñV bm^Xm`H$ d H$_r IMm©Mo R>aVo. `mgmR>r {nH$boë`m VmÁ`m qb~moù`m
Jmoim H$amì`mV. Ë`m gai d Omo_mZo dmT>boë`m PmS>mÀ`m Agmì`mV qb~moirVrb JamnmgyZ ~r doJi H$ê$Z nmÊ`mZo ñdÀN>
YwdyZ ËdarV bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg CJdUj_Vm OmñV {_iVo. O{_ZrMr CnbãYVm, àH$ma, AmH$ma_mZ d C§MgIbnUm nmhÿZ
bmJdS> nÜXV R>admdr.
4. amondmQ>rH$m
A) ßb°pñQ>H$ {nedrMm dmna H$ê$Z amon {Z{_©Vr H$aUo
Á`mbm H$Sw>qb~ AmYmarV dZeoVr H$amd`mMr Amho. Ë`mZo àW_ amondmQ>rHo$V {~`m§nmgyZ amono V`ma H$aUo {hVmdh hmoB©b.
`mgmR>r ~ma_mhr nmUrnwadR>m Agboë`m CÎm_ {ZMam hmoUmè`m g_nmVirVrb O{_ZrMr amon dmQ>rHo$gmR>r {ZdS> H$amdr.
gmYmaUnUo 12.525 go._r. AmH$mamÀ`m nm°brWrZ {nedrV 50 ^mJ JmimMr _mVr, 40 ^mJ ZXrH$mR>Mr ~marH$ dmiy d
10 ^mJ g|Ðr` IVmZo âmdr. VmÁ`m d {nH$boë`m qb~moirMo ~r nmÊ`m_Üò YwdyZ XmoZ {~`m à{V nm°{bWrZ {nedrV
bmdmì`mV. {~`m bmdVmZm _mVrV 1.5 go._r. Imobrda bmdmì`mV. VgoM {~`m§Mm Q>moH$Xma ^mJ hm Imbr Agmdm. EH$
_{hÝ`mZ§Va EH$ amon à{V {nedr R>odyZ Xþgao [aH$må`m {nedrV bmdmdoV.
amondmQ>rHo$_Üò amonm§Mr H$miOr KoVm§Zm Imbrb ~m~r bjmV R>odmì`mV.
1. amoJQ> d Iam~ amon {nedrVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo d Ë`m OmJr ZdrZ amon bmdmdo.
2. amonm§Zm `mo½` à_mUmV d {Z`{_V nmUr Úmdo.
3. H$_r dmT> d bhmZ amono Agboë`m {neì`m doJù`m {R>H$mUr EH$Ì R>odmì`mV.
4. Xa XmoZ _{hÝ`m§Zr {neì`m§Mr OmJm ~Xbmdr.
5. {neì`m§Mr OmJm ~XbVmZm {nedrÀ`m ~mhoa Ambobr _wio H$miOr-nyd©H$ H$mnyZ Q>mH$mdrV.
~) nm°brQ>çw~Mm dmna H$ê$Z amon {Z{_©Vr H$aUo.
^maVm_Üò ~hþVoH$ dZ amondmQ>rH$m_Üò ßbmpñQ>H$ {neì`m§Mm (nm°br~°J) amondmT>rgmR>r dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. `m ßbmñQ>rH$
{neì`m§Mo AZoH$ VmoQ>o AmhoV. gdm©V _moR>m VmoQ>m åhUOo `m_Üò _wù`m§Mr doQ>moio hmoD$Z dmT>rÀ`m AdñWo_Üò amonm§Mr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo
CWi _wù`m§_wio amonm§Mo dmè`m_wio ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. Ë`m_wio amono V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r nm°brQ>çw~Mm dmna ho ZdrZ V§Ì Amnë`mH$S>o
gwé Pmbo Amho. ho V§Ì nmpíM_mË` Xoem_Üò 1940 nmgyZ dmnamV Ambo Amho. na§Vw Amnë`m XoemVrb dZamondmQ>rH$m_Üò
òÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mbm 1990 ho df} COmS>bo. `mMo H$maU gwédmVrg OmñVrMr ^m§S>db Jw§VdUyH$ ho hmo`.
`m V§Ìm_Üò nm°bràmonrZ nmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m nm°brQ>çw~ dmnaë`m OmVmV. nm°brQ>çw~Mr bm§~r 12 g|._r. d é§Xr 8 g|._r.
AgVo. Aem ßbmñQ>rH$ H$mJXmÀ`m Zir_Üò 40 Q>¸o$ H§$nmoñQ> IV, 40 Q>¸o$ Vm§Xÿi ^wgm d 20 Q>¸o$ nmo`Q>m _mVrMm dmna
H$aÊ`mV òVmo. {d{eï> à_mUmV ~waerZmeH$ d Am¡fYmMo {_lU `m_Üò {_gibo OmVo. ho gd© {_lU Amobga H$ê$Z hbŠ`m
hmVmZo {nedrV Xm~yZ âmdo, hr {nedr O{_ZrnmgyZ gw_mao ghm B§M C§Mrda Agboë`m bmH$S>r Q´>oÀ`m Omirda R>odyZ Ë`m_Üò
240 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

PmS>mMo ~r Q>moMyZ âmdo bmJVo. EH$m Q´>o_Üò gd©gmYmaUnUo 150 Vo 165 {neì`m ~gVmV. `m_Üò {nedrMo H$_mb dOZ 300
J«°_ n`ªV hmoVo. nma§nmarH$ nÜXVrV {nedrMo dOZ 2-3 {H$bmo AgVo. nyduÀ`m nÜXVrV 80 Q>¸o$ _mVr d 20 Q>¸o$ IVo Agm`Mr
ZdrZ nÜXVrV 20 Q>¸o$ _mVr d 80 Q>¸o$ IVm§Mm dmna hmoVmo. Ë`m_wio _yi {~OmnmgyZ (_Xa Q´>r) Omo_Xma amono V`ma hmoÊ`mg _XV
hmoVo. ImbÀ`m ~mOwZo hdm bmJV Agë`mZo {nedrÀ`m ~mhoa _wio òV ZmhrV. hr amono EH$mM {XdgmV ê$OVmV. `m nÕVrV
dmT>boë`m amonm§Zm _mVrMr àM§S> AmoT> bmJyZ _yim§Mr amonUj_Vm AË`§V à^mdr R>abr Amho. Aem nÜXVrZo amono V`ma H$aVmZm
20 Q>¸o$ H$_r IM© òD$Z dmhVwH$ IMm©Vhr _moR>r ~MV hmoVo.
5. amon bmJdS> nyd© V`mar
XmoZ PmS>mVrb A§Va R>a{dVm§Zm Ë`mMm Cn`moJ d O{_ZrMr àV `mMm {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. Oa PmS>o Oimdy
bmH$S>mgmR>r bmdm`Mr AgVrb Va 2.5 _r.2.5 _r. qH$dm 3 _r. 3 _r. A§Vamda bmdmdrV. na§§Vw Oa H¥${fdm{ZH$s_Üò
(PmS>o + {nHo$) Ago bmdm`Mr Agë`mg Vr H$_rV H$_r 5 _r. 5 _r. qH$dm gmo`rZwgma A§Va dmT>dmdo. VgoM ~m§Ymdarb
bmdJS>rgmR>r XmoZ PmS>rMr A§Va 4 _r. n`ªV Agmdo.
darbà_mUo bmdJS>rMo A§Va {ZpíMV Ho$ë`mZ§Va 222 \y$Q> AmH$mamMo IÈ>o E{àb-_o _{hÝ`mV ImoXmdoV d Aem
IS²>S>çmV eoUIV, JmimMr _mVr d gmYr _mVr 1…2…4 à_mUmV {_lU Kmbmdo. hbŠ`m Vo _Ü`_ CVmamÀ`m O{_Zrda 2 Vo
2.5 _r. A§Vamda CVmamÀ`m {déÜX {XeoZo Ma H$mT>mdoV. gmYmaUnUo 20 Vo 45 g|._r. C§MrMr amono bmJdS>rgmR>r dmnamdrV.
{nedrVrb amono H$miOrnyd©H$ {nedr H$mTy>Z nyU© _mVrgh bmdUo JaOoMo Amho. amonm§Mr _wio O{_ZrÀ`m nmVirÀ`m AJXr WmoS>o
Imbr amhrb Aem ~oVmZo IS²>S>çm_Üò _mVr âmdr. amon bmdboë`m {R>H$mUr _mVr gmMyZ amhUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
6. Am§Va_emJV d nmUr
bmJdS> Ho$boë`m PmS>m§Zm JaOoZwgma nmUr Úmdo. gmYmaUV… amon 45 g|._r. dmT>ë`mda e|S>m R>odyZ ~mH$sÀ`m \$m§Úm d
nmZm§Mr N>mQ>Ur H$amdr. Ë`m_wio amonm§Mr d _wimMr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo. n{hë`mdfu XmoZ doim IwanUr H$ê$Z bmJdS>r ^modVmbMo
joÌ VU{dahrV R>odmdo. PmS>m§À`m XmoZ AmoirV CS>rX, Hw$bWr, _Q>H$s, ^wB©_yJ `mgmaIr {nHo$ Ë`mMà_mUo S>m|Jar, ndZm, _Ðmg,
A§OZ, ñQ>m`bmo B. JdVm§Mrhr bmJdS> H$aVm òVo.
7. {H$S>r d amoJ
{H$S>r
AZoH$ CËH¥$ï> Am¡fYr JwUY_© AgyZ gwÜXm gwédmVrÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoV H$Sw>qb~ ^maVm_Üò 38 {H$S>tÀ`m àOmVtZm
~ir nS>Vmo. `m_Üò _w»`V… amondmQ>rHo$_Üò amonm§Zm d gwédmVrÀ`m dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV H$Sw>qb~m_Üò e|S>o Air, Q>r _mñŠ`wQ>mo d
ñHo$b (Idbo) {H$S> AmT>iVo. {ZamoJr d¥jmoËnmXZ, `mo½` _emJV, Z¡g{J©H$ {H$S> eÌw d àdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna Ago
doJdoJio Cnm` {H$S>{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Ho$bo OmD$ eH$VmV.
Á`m ~waer H$Sw>qb~mg amoJ hmoÊ`mg H$maUr^yV AgVmV. Ë`m_Üò AmR> àOmVr AmT>iVmV. AëQ>aZmar`m AëQ>aZ°Q>m `m
~waer_wio nmZmdarb {R>nHo$ d H$anm ho amoJ Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a _{hÝ`mÀ`m Xaå`mZ nS>Vmo. E|er Q>¸o$ nmZm§À`m joÌmg `m_wio
BOm nmohMVo. `mda Cnm` åhUyZ ãbm`Q>m°ŠgMm dmna hmoD$ eH$Vmo. amonm§_Üò gH$m}ñnmoam ~waer_wio hmoUmè`m nmZmdarb
{R>nŠ`mgmR>r _°H$moPo~ ho ~o«ñQ>mZ er {_lU H$ê$Z dmnaVmV.
dZeoVr d H$Sw>qb~
XoemV Odi Odi {Zå_o joÌ A{Ve` hbHo$ d CWi AgyZ `mda ~mOar, Hw$bWr, _Q>H$s BË`mXr {nHo$ KoVbr OmVmV.
nmdgmÀ`m A{Z`{_VnUm_wio d A{ZpíMVr_wio Am{W©H$ÑîQ>çm hr {nH$ nÜXVr nadS>V Zmhr. nS>rH$ AWdm H$moaS>dmhÿ
O{_Zrda BVa H$moUË`mhr {nH$m§nojm H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ {_iUmao CËnÞ A{YH$ Amho. åhUyZ dZeoVrÀ`m dZr`Hw$aU, H¥${f
dZr`H$aU, H¥${fdZrH$s, d¥jeoVr BË`mXr nÜXVtMm Adb§~ H$aUo hm EH$ Mm§Jbm n`m©` hmody eH$Vmo. {edm` gÜ`m ZmnrH$
Agboë`m O{_ZrV H$mbm§VamZo {nHo$ KoVm òVo. JdV, Mmam d {nHo$ `m§Mohr CËnmXZ H$Sw>qb~ bmdboë`m eoVrVyZ KoVm òVo.
eoVrÀ`m ~m§Ymda Oar H$Sw>qb~ bmJdS> Ho$br Var BVa d¥jm§À`m_mZmZo dgdm ~amM H$_r AgVmo.
H$Sw>qb~mMo Cn`moJ
nmZo
H$Sw>qb~mMr nmZo H$Sy> d erVH$maH$ AgVmV. earamV dmT>bobr CîUVm H$_r H$aÊ`mgmR>r nmZm§Mm ag {nVmV AWdm nmZo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 241

ImVmV. JOH$U©, gyO, d«U, {hdVmn, AmVS>çmVrb ~waer BË`mXr ì`mYrda H$Sw>qb~mMm H$mT>m à^mdembr Agë`mMo
AmT>iyZ Ambo. OI_m bdH$a ^ê$Z òÊ`mgmR>r nmZo R>oMyZ OI_oda ~m§YVmV. YmÝ` {XK©H$mi {Q>H$dÊ`mgmR>r nmZm§Mm Cn`moJ
Ho$bm OmVmo `m {edm` XþîH$mi d Adf©UH$mimV OZmdam§Zm Mmam åhUyZ H$Sy>qb~mÀ`m nmZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. BVa Mmè`m_Üò
H$Sw>qb~mMr nmZo {_giyZ OZmdam§Zm {Xë`mg XþYmÀ`m à_mUmV d OZmdam§À`m Amamo½`mVhr dmT> hmoVo.
Z¡g{J©H$nUo hmoUmè`m H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m nmZJir_wio O{_ZrV g|Ðr` nXmW© dmT>VmV. O{_ZrV H$mofmdñWoV AgUmè`m H$mhr
{H$S>tMm Zme hmoVmo. H$Sw>qb~mMr nmZo O{_ZrV {_gië`mg Vo Am§Vaàdmhr {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mo H$m_ H$arV Agë`mMo {ZînÞ Pmbo
Amho. AemàH$mao D$g, Jhÿ, ^mV, ~mbu, Q>mo_°Q>mo, eod§Vr BË`mXr {nH$m§Mo nmZo d ImoS> {H$S>rnmgyZ XmoZ Vo AS>rM _{hZo g§ajU
hmoVo. ^wB©_yJmdarb {Q>¸$m d Vm§~oam am§Jm§Mo AË`§V gmoß`m d KaJwVr d {~ZIMm©À`m Cnm`m§Zr {Z`§ÌU H$aÊ`mMo V§Ì amï´>r` ^wB©_yJ
g§emoYZ H|$Ð, OwZmJS> `m§Zr {dH${gV Ho$bo Amho. nmZm§Mr nmdS>a H$ê$Z X§V_§OZmgmaIm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. KamV H$Sw>qb~mMr
nmZo Omië`mg KamVyZ S>mg OmVmV.
\w$bo
_mM© Vo _o AIoa H$Sw>qb~mg _mhmoa òVmo. d¡{eï>`nyU© a§J d J§Y AmH$f©H$Vm `m_wio _Y_mem _H$a§X Jmoim H$aÊ`mH$arVm
JXu H$aVmV. _YmV Am¡fYr JwUY_© Agë`mZo Ë`mg Mm§Jbr _mJUr d qH$_V {_iVo. \w$bo H$Sy> d H$\$ hmaH$ AgVmV.
\$io
\$im_Üò "APm{S>[aŠQ>rZ' hm _hËdmMm amgm`{ZH$ KQ>H$ {~`m§nmgyZ {_iVmo. {b_moZmB©S²>g gmbmZrZ, _o{b`mZ{Q´>Amob,
{Zå~rZ, {Zå~rS>rZ BË`mXr gH«$s` KQ>H$ Agë`m_wio _mZdmg VgoM {nH$m§Zm hmZrH$maH$ {H$S>tMm d amoJm§Mm àmXþ^m©d Q>miVm
òVmo. \$imVrb Ja ImÊ`mgmR>r VgoM _wiì`mYrda CnMma åhUyZ Cn`moJmV AmUbm OmVmo. JamMr nmdS>a JìhmÀ`m {nR>m~amo~a
{_giyZ \$dmaë`mg gmoZ{H$S>o d BVa YmÝ` nmoIaUmao {H$Q>H$ _aVmV. Ja {_lrV nmUr {nH$m§da \$dmabo AgVm {nH$m§Mo Q>moi
ZmH$VmoS>o VgoM gwÌH¥$_rnmgyZ hmoUmao g§^mì` ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm òVo. H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ ~Z{dbobr AZoH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ gÜ`m
~mOmamV CnbãY AmhoV. amgm`{ZH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m_Yrb KQ>H$ Ë`mMm n[aUm_ d qH$_V `m§Mm {dMma Ho$ë`mg H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ
~Z{dbobr Am¡fYo \$maM Cn`wŠV Agë`mMo bjmV òVo. H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m Z¡g{J©H$ Am¡fYmMr gwa{jVVm
{~Z{dfmar JwUY_© d eoVr CËnmXZmda Ë`mMm A§e {e„H$ amhV Zgë`mZo AmYw{ZH$ eoVr CËnmXZmV A_yë` _hËd Amho.
H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ ~Z{dÊ`mMr nÕV AË`§V gmonr Amho. {~`mnmgyZ gmYmaUV… dOZmÀ`m nÞmg Q>¸o$ Vob {_iVo. Vo
IynM Cn`wŠV AgyZ Ë`mg "_mJm}gm' Vob åhUVmV. Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZmV `m Vobmg AZÝ` gmYmaU _hËd Amho. Vob
H$mT>ë`mZ§Va {e„H$ am{hboë`m n|S>r_Üò eoUIVmnojm A{YH$ ZÌ, ñ\w$aX, nmbme, H°$pëeA_ d _°¾o{eA_ AmT>iVo. g|Ðr`
IV åhUyZ n|S>rMm Mm§Jbm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
gmb
X§VamoJ, {hdVmn VgoM H$mdrirdarb Am¡fYm§À`m {Z{_©VrV gmbr_Yrb Q>°ZrZMm Cn`moJ H$aVmV. aoe_mÀ`m Ym½`m§Zm a§J
XoÊ`mgmR>r VgoM V§Vw nmgwZ Xmoa V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>rhr gmbrMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. gmbr_YyZ {ndiga a§JmMm qS>H$ nmPaVmo. Ë`mg
"BñQ> B§{S>`m J_' Ago åhUVmV. AZoH$ Am¡fYr Cnm`m§gmR>r Ë`mMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
bmHy$S>
bmH$S>mMo {d{eï> JwéËd 0.72 Vo 0.83 BVHo$ AgVo. bmJS>mVrb bmH$S>mVrb V§Vy gai dmT>Umao d EH$_oH$m§V Jw§Vbobo
AgVmV. bmHy$S> dOZXma, ~iH$Q> d {d{eï> dmgmMo AgVo. Vo gmJmÀ`m bmH$S>mà_mUo ~iH$Q> Agë`mZo B_maVr
~m§YH$m_mgmR>r Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. bmH$S>mnmgyZ H$moard H$bmHw$ga, XadmOo, emo^rd§V N>V. gm_mZgw_mZ âÊ`mMr ImoH$s,
{gJma R>odÊ`mMr ImoH$s, IoiUr, T>mob, ~¡bJmS>rÀ`m Ywè`m Amg, eoVrMr Am¡Omao, \${Z©Ma BË`mXr ~Z{dVm òVmV. bmH$S>mbm
ghOmghOr {H$S> bmJV Zmhr d Vo nmÊ`mV bdH$a Hw$OV Zmhr.
ImoS> d \$m§Úm
ImoS>mnmgyZ {Zå~rZ d {Zå~rS>rZ ho KQ>H$ {_iVmV. VgoM ImoS>mda OI_m Ho$ë`mg qS>H$mgmaIm ag nmPaVmo. Ë`mMm
Cn`moJ qS>H$mgmaIm hmoV Zgbm Var à{WZm§Mo à_mUo OmñV Agë`mZo X{jU Am{e`m_Üò "{Z_ qS>H$' AÞmV dmnaVmV.
XmVm§À`m Amamo½`mgmR>r H$Sy>qb~ _m¡ë`dmZ Amho. gH$mir {haì`m H$mS>rZo X§V_§OZmgmaIm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z XmV, {haS>çm gm\$
H$aVm òVmV.
242 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

_wio
H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m _wù`m O{_ZrV Imob {eaVmV. VgoM _wù`m§Zm BOm Pmbr Va nwÝhm \w$Q>do \w$Q>VmV. AmogmS> _miamZo,
IS>H$mi O{_Zr, S>m|Ja CVmamda AmåbY_u, ImadQ>, ZmnrH$ O{_Zrda VgoM AË`§V à{VHy$b n[apñWVrV PmS> VJ Yê$Z
amhVo. _wio O{_ZrV Imobda OmVmV d nmUr emofyZ KoVmV.
Am¡Úmo{JH$ CËnmXZo
^maVmV _w»`V… gm~UmÀ`m CËnmXZmV H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m VobmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. `m{edm` Qy>WnoñQ>, gm¢X`© àgmYZo, {d{dY
H«$s_, hoAa S´>m`bmoeZ, e°åny, Zob nm°{be B. CËnmXZmV _hËdmMm dmQ>m H$Sw>qb~mMm Amho.
H$Sw>qb~mnmgyZ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÕVr
1. nmZo
H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m nmZmnmgyZ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1 {H$bmo nmZo 5 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV amÌâ {ÔV R>odmdrV. Xþgè`m
{Xder Vr nmQ>çmda/Ib~Ë`mV MoMyZ/dmQy>Z ~mhoa nS>Umam ag \$S>Š`m_YyZ JmiyZ ¿`mdm d hm ag \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdm.
EH$ hoŠQ>a joÌmda \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r 80 {H$bmo nmZo bmJVmV. nmZmnmgyZ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r _moR>çm à_mUmda nmZo
bmJV Agë`mZo H$_r joÌmda \$dmaUrgmR>r H$amd`mMr Agë`mg nmZm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aÊ`mV `mdm. `mnmgyZ nmZo ImUmar Air,
ZmH$VmoS>o, Q>moi B. {H$Q>H$m§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aVm òVmo.
2. \$io (qb~moù`m)
H$Sw>qb~mÀ`m \$imnmgyZ (qb~moù`m) \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r 3 Vo 5 {H$bmo qb~moù`m 1 hoŠQ>a
joÌmgmR>r nwaoem hmoVmV. qb~moù`mnmgyZ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r gdm©V _hËdmMr ~m~ åhUOo Ë`m PmS>mnmgyZ Jmoim
Ho$ë`mZ§Va 3 _{hZo gmR>{dë`mZ§Va d 6 _{hÝ`mnydu dmnamì`mV. qb~moù`mMo H$dM H$mTy>Z qH$dm H$dMmg{hV {H$Q>H$ZmeH$
V`ma H$aVm òVo. H$dMmg{hV qb~moù`m dmnaë`mZ§Va {XS>nQ> OmñV qb~moù`m ¿`mì`mV `mgmR>r qb~moù`m Hw$Qy>Z Ë`mMr ^wH$Q>r
H$amdr. ^wH$Q>r H$aVmZm VobH$Q> hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. hr ^wH$Q>r JmiyZ KodyZ Ë`mMr H$mnS>m_Üò nwaM§S>r ~m§Ymdr d
Vr 1 {bQ>a nmÊ`m_Üò amÌâ {ÔV R>odmdr. Xþgè`m {Xder {Ô{dboë`m nmdS>aMr nwaM§w§S>r Mm§Jbr {niyZ KoD$Z {ZKUmam Ðd
JmiyZ KodyZ \$dma_rgmR>r dmnamdm. \$dmaUrÀ`m doir ñQ>rH$aMm dmna H$amdm.
3. qb~moir n|S>
qb~moirnmgyZ V`ma Ho$bobr n|S>gwÜXm {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ åhUyZ dmnaVm òVo. `mgmR>r 100 J«°_ qb~moir n|S> 1 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
H$mnS>m_Üò ~m§YyZ amÌâ {ÔV R>odmdr d Xþgè`m {Xder Mm§Jbr EH$Ì H$ê$Z JmiyZ KoD$Z \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r dmnamdr.
4. {Z_ Vob
1 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 30 {_br{bQ>a {Z_ Vob Q>mHy$Z Vo Mm§Jbo T>dimdo d Ë`mV ñQ>rH$a Q>mHy$Z bJoMM \$dmaUrgmR>r dmnamdo.
H$Sw>qb~mMo AW©emó
H$Sw>qb~mMr _wio àW_ Imobda O{_ZrV OmVmV Am{U Ë`mZ§Va Ë`mMr Iar dmT> hmoVo. gmYmaUV… bmJdS>rZ§Va 5 dfm©Z§Va
\$iYmaUm gwé hmoVo. _Ü`_ AmH$mamÀ`m 8 _rQ>a C§MrÀ`m 10 Vo 15 dfm©À`m d¥jmnmgyZ à{Vdfu gw_mao 50 {H$bmo nmZm§Mo
CËnmXZ {_iVo. Va 35 Vo 50 {H$bmo ~r {_iVo. VmÁ`m qb~moù`mnmgyZ 45 Vo 50 Q>¸o$ Vob {_iVo. n§Yam dfm©À`m EH$m
PmS>mnmgyZ 400 {H$bmo OimD$ bmHy$S> {_iVo. `m{edm` bmH$S>mnmgyZ {d{dY dñVw V`ma H$aVm òVmV. Vrg Vo nÞmg dfm©Z§Va
EH$m PmS>mnmgyZ 0.3 KZ_rQ>a CËV_ àVrMo B_maVr bmHy$S> {_iVo.
{ZgJm©Mr OndUyH$ H$aUmam "Jar~m§Mm YÝd§Var' qH$dm "IoS>çmVrb XdmImZm' naH$s` MbZ {_idyZ XoUmam "gwdU©d¥j'
H$Sw>qb~mMr bmJdS> eoVH$è`m§Zm {ZpíMVM Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm {_idyZ XoUmar R>aob.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 243

Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVr
Amnë`m Xoem‘Üò {R>H${R>H$mUÀ`m dmVmdaUm‘Üò {d{dYVm AmT>iV Agë`mZo O¡{dH$ {d{dYVm gwÕm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV
AmT>iVo. ho Amnë`m Xoembm EH$ daXmZM Amho Ago åhUmdo bmJob. Ë`m‘wio XoemÀ`m {d{dY {R>H$mUr {d{dY àH$maÀ`m
O§Jbr dZñnVr dmT>V Agë`mZo Mm§Jë`m àH$maÀ`m dZñnVr Amnë`mH$S>o AmhoV. `m gd© Jmoï>tMm \$m`Xm KodyZ {d{dY Am¡fYr
dZñnVt~Ôb ‘m{hVr KodyZ Ë`mMr bmJdS> Ho$ë`mg CËnmXZmV eoVH$è`m§Mo OrdZ‘mZ C§MmdÊ`mg hmV^ma bmJob d ‘XV
hmoB©b. Am¡fYr dZñnVr ~ÔbMo kmZ d ‘m{hVr AmnUmH$S>o \$ma nydunmgyZ AdJV Amho. {d{dY amoJ d ì`mYtda CnMma ho
Ho$di S>m°ŠQ>abmM ‘m{hV ZgyZ {H$ËòH$ bmoH$m§Zm ‘m{hVr AmhoV. H$mhr ‘hËdmMo amgm`{ZH$ Ðìò, Jmoù`m, O¡dà{V~§YmË‘H$
Am¡fYo ~Z{dÊ`mgmR>r H$ƒm ‘mb åhUyZ Am¡fYr dZñnVr hmM ‘w»` ómoV Amho. `mgmR>r Am¡fYr dZñnVrMr bmJdS> H$aUmao
Amamo½`Vk Am{U {d{dY Am¡fYr H§$nÝ`m§‘Üò ‘O~yV g‘Ýd` AgUo JaOoMo Amho. EH$mpË‘H$ Am¡fYr nÕVr hr Z¡g{J©H$
CËnmXZ Am{U H¥${Ì‘ CËnmXZo `m§À`mda AmYmarV AgyZ Ë`mnmgyZ AmnUmg ñdñV Am{U n[aUm‘H$maH$ Aer Am¡fYo CnbãY
H$ê$Z XoVm òD$ eH$Vrb.
`m gd© JmoïtMm {dMma H$aVm daH$g/nS> O{‘Ztda ~hþñVar` dZm¡fYr bmJdS> {ZpíMVM {H$\$m`Vera R>aUma Amho.
qH$~hþZm CnbãY AgUmè`m hOmamo hoŠQ>a daH$g/nS>rH$ O‘rZ VgoM eoVmMm ~m§Y, Zmbm H$mR> `m§Mm `mo½` dmna hmoB©b.
Ë`mgmR>r {d{dY n[apñWVrV dmT>Umè`m d¥j, dobr, h§Jm‘r/~hþdfu` dZñnVr Am{U PwSy>n àH$mamVrb dZñnVr {ZdS>mì`mV.
d¥j {ZdS>Vm§Zm \$ma H$miOr ¿`mdr. gXmharV, bdH$a dmT>Umao, gmdbr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUmao, ânya nmZo AgUmao Ago d¥j
{ZdS>mdoV. ho d¥j \$º$ nmdgmda dmT>Umao, H$‘rVH$‘r amoJ d {H$S>tZm ~ir nS>Umao AgVmV.
gwadmVrMo 2-3 df© gømÐrV CËH¥$ï> dmT>Umè`m d Am¡fYr dZñnVr H$mhr bj Z XoVm Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m dmT>V amhVrb.
åhUyZ Cn`wº$ Aem nwT>rb d¥jm§n¡H$s H$mhtMr {ZdS> AmnU `mgmR>r H$ê$ eH$Vmo. grVm AemoH$, {haS>m, ~ohS>m, {~ã~m, Om§^yi,
[aR>m, ~ob, ‘hÿ, nmS>i, Q>oQy>, {edU, H$X§~ Aer PmS>o AmnU nmdgmÀ`m nmÊ`mda OyZ‘Üò 6 x 6 ‘rQ>a qH$dm 5 x
3 ‘rQ>a Aem A§Vamda bmdmdrV. `m bmJdS>t‘wio AmnUmbm XmoZ AmoirVrb nÅ>o d XmoZ PmS>m§Vrb OmJm BVa bmJdS>rgmR>r
CnbãY hmoVo. BVa bmJdS>rMo 3 Q>ßno nmS>Vm òVrb. nmdgmÀ`m eodQ>r eodQ>r åhUOo Xgè`mnmgyZ `m d¥jm§À`m AmOy~mOyMo
{hado/ dmibobo JdV, nmbmnmMmoim Am{U XmoZ PmS>m§‘Yrb d XmoZ AmoirVrb O{‘ZrbJV H$mnyZ Ë`m§À`m ~w§Ü`mnmgyZ 90 Vo
120 g|.‘r. (3-4 \w$Q>mÀ`m) Amù`mÀ`m n[agamV AmÀN>mXZ H$amdo. Ë`mda EH$-{XS> {H$bmo qZ~moUr n|S> d WmoS>o am°H$
\$m°ñ\o$Q> qH$dm gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> Q>mH$mdo. Xa 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr Amobo eoU d OZmdam§Mo ‘b‘wÌ `m§Mo {‘lU àËòH$ PmS>mbm 5 {bQ>a
n`ªV Q>mH$mdo. Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo {S>g|~an`ªV qH$dm Ë`mhr Z§Va ho {‘lU {H$‘mZ 5 Vo 7 doim Var {Xbo Omdo. `m‘wio ‘wimOdirb
Amob {Q>Hw$Z amhrb. Mm§Jbo g|{Ð` IV PmS>m§Zm {‘iob. Am°ŠQ>mo~aÀ`m CÝhmV ‘wim§Zm Jmadm amhrb d JdV H$mnbobo Agë`mZo
Am{U Ë`mV eoU ‘b‘wÌ Agë`mZo ‘moH$mQ> Jwao Vm|S> bmdUma ZmhrV. qZ~moirMr n|S> `m JdV d nmbmnmMmoù`mVrb {H$S>rMo
{Z`§ÌU H$arb.
Am¡fYr dZñnVrMr bmJdS> eoVmÀ`m ~m§Ymda VrZ ñVamda H$aVm òVo
ñVa 1 … `mVrb XmoZ d¥jm§‘Yrb OmJoV ~hþdm[f©H$, H$‘r C§MrÀ`m Am¡fYr PmS>m§Mr bmJdS> H$amd`mMr Amho. hr
bmJdS> ‘moR>o d¥j bmdVm§ZmM AmnU H$ê$ eH$Vmo. `mgmR>r dmdS>tJ, {S>H$m‘br, ‘wéS>e|J, ASw>igm, ^ma§Jr, gn©J§Ym Aem
PwSy>n dJm©Vrb PmS>m§Mr AmnU {ZdS> H$é eH$Vmo. hr PmS>o WmoS>çm gmdbrV dmT>Umar, O{‘ZrbJVMm dmam AS>[dUmar,
{Z`{‘V CËnÞ XoUmar d O{‘ZrV AmÐ©Vm {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ`mg ‘XV H$aUmar AgVmV. `mhr PmS>m§Zm d¥jm§à‘mUo AmÀN>mXZ d
eoU‘b‘wÌmMo {‘lU dmnamdo.
ñVa 2 … d¥jm§À`m AmYmamZo dmT>Umè`m dobr `m gmdbrV dmT>Umè`m nU d¥jm§À`m àH$memÀ`m AmS> Z òUmè`m 3-8
‘{hÝ`mV Am`wî` g§n{dUmè`m d ‘wio, nmZo, \w$bo, \$io qH$dm ~r Am¡fYr AgUmè`m AgVrb `m§Mr {ZdS> \$ma S>moignUo
H$amdr. hr bmJdS> Amnë`mbm d¥jm§Mr C§Mr 1.80 Vo 3 ‘rQ>a (6-10 \w$Q>) Pmë`mda H$amdr. åhUOoM d¥j {H$‘mZ 1 dfm©Mo
244 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Pmë`mZ§Va nwT>rb OyZ‘Üò H$amdr. `m dobtn¡H$s H$mhr 0.90 x 1.20 ‘rQ>a (3-4 \w$Q>) dmT>Umè`m, H$mhr 1.50 Vo 1.80
‘r. dmT>Umè`m d H$mhr Ë`mhÿZ C§M dmT>Umè`m dobr {ZdS>mì`mV. Amnë`mH$S>o O§JbmV Mm§Jë`m dmT>Umè`m ImOHw$hrbr, Jw§O,
H$aQw>bo, b|S>r qnnir, H$mabo, ‘§{Oï>m, ‘YwZm{eZr Aem dobr `mo½` AmhoV. `m dZñnVtnmgyZ Xadfu CËnmXZ {‘iVo. ‘§{Oð>
d ‘YwZm{eZr Xadfu ImoS> d nmZo ho Am¡fYr ^mJ H$mnyZ AmQ>moŠ`mV R>odVm òVrb. åhUOo Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo \o$~«wdmar-‘mM©n`ªV
dobr§Mo CËnÞ {‘iyZ OmB©b.
ñVa 3 … XmoZ AmoirVrb ‘moH$ù`m OmJoV n{hbr XmoZ Vo VrZ df© nyU© gw`©àH$me bmJUmè`m AídJ§Ym, gmoZm‘wIr,
H$mS>o{Mam`V,hmird Aem EH$ h§Jm‘r/EH$ dfu` dZñnVtMr {Z`{‘V ‘emJV H$ê$Z nmdgmda eoVr H$amdr. gmdbr dmTy>
bmJë`mda eVmdar, ‘wim§gmR>r bo§S>r qnnir `m§Mrhr bmJdS> H$aVm òVo. `m gd© bmJdS>tnmgyZ n{hë`m dfm©nmgyZ nwT>rb 5 Vo
6 df} Var {Z`{‘V CËnÞ {‘iy eH$Vo. `mVyZ gd© bmJdS>rMm, BVa ‘emJVrMm nyU© IM© {ZKy eHo$b. eoVmÀ`m ^modVr ‘moJbr
Ea§S>, ‘|Xr, {eHo$H$mB©, gmJaJmoQ>m, ^wB© C§~a, ZmJ\$U `m§Mr bmJdS> H$ê$Z {Od§V Hw§$nU Ho$ë`mg Jwao, ‘mUgo d dmam
`m§nmgyZ g§ajU hmoB©b d {Z`{‘V CËnmXZ Mmby amhrb. h§Jm‘r dZñnVr n{hë`m dfm©nmgyZ {Z`{‘V CËnmXZ XoVrb. Va dobr
Xwgè`m- {Vgè`m dfm©nmgyZ CËnmXZ XoVrb. bhmZ PmS>o (dmdS>tJ dJ¡ao) 2-3 dfmªZ§Va CËnmXZ XoD$ bmJVrb d d¥j 7 Vo 8
ì`m dfu CËnmXZ XoVrb. `mn¡H$s {haS>m, ~ohS>m, {~ã~m, [aR>m, Om§^yi, ‘mohm `m§Mr \$io {‘iVrb.
Amnë`m `m daH$g O{‘Zr ‘wa‘mS> Agë`m‘wio nmÊ`mMm \$ma bdH$a {ZMam H$aVmV. hm {ZMam O{‘ZrVyZ d hdoVyZ
hmoVmo.Ë`mgmR>r n{hbr 3-4 df} O{‘Zrda nyU© AmÀN>mXZ hmoB©n`ªV A{V[aº$ nmUr CnbãY H$ê$Z R>odyZ Wm§~{dVm òB©b.
`mgmR>r nmdgmù`mV 2 Jw§R>çm§da eoVVio V`ma H$ê$Z AmV OmS> ßbmñQ>rH$Mo AmÀN>mXZ H$ê$Z 20-25 hOma {bQ>aMo nmÊ`mMo
hm¡X H$aVm òVrb. nmÊ`mMr CnbãYVm df©â R>odVm òB©b. Am°ŠQ>mo~a ‘{hÝ`mV Oa d¥jm§Zm nmUr {‘imbo Va Ë`mMm dmT>rda
Mm§Jbm n[aUm‘ hmoVmo ho {gÕ Pmbobo Amho.
`m nÕVrZo AZoH$ Jmoï>r gmÜ` hmoVmV.
1) ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda `m àH$maMr bmJdS> Pmë`mg Am¡fYr dZñnVtMm ImÌrera d {Z`‘rV nwadR>m hmoB©b.
2) eoVH$è`m§Zm daH$g O{‘Zr/JdVr nS> O{‘Zr `m CËnÞmMo H$m`‘Mo gmYZ R>aVrb.
3) `m gd© nÕVr‘wio {ZgJm©V AgUmam d¥j Ë`m§À`m AmYmamda dmT>Umè`m dobr, gmdbrV dmT>Umar BVa PmS>o, h§Jm‘r
dZñnVr ho {ZgJ© MH«$ nwÝhm {Z`‘rV hmoB©b Am{U n`m©daU gwYmaÊ`mg ‘moR>m hmV^ma bmJob.
4) Aem àH$mao EHo$H$m Jmd-{edmamV 160 Vo 200 hoŠQ>aMr bmJdS> Ho$br Jobr Va nmdgmMo nmUr {Z`{‘VnUo ‘waÊ`mZo
EH$- XmoZ dfm©V n[agamVrb {d{hatMr/ nmPaVbmdm§Mr nmVir dmT>ob. `m‘wio {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mMm àíZ gwQ>ob nU
Ë`mM~amo~a Xwgè`m h§Jm‘mVrb eoVrhr H$aUo eŠ` hmoB©b.
5) AmOn`ªV JdVmMo ZJÊ` CËnmXZ XoUmè`m daH$g/JdV nS>O{‘Zr Amnë`mbm daXmZ R>aVrb. eham§H$S>o n¡emgmR>r d
amoOJmamgmR>r YmdUmè`m VéUm§Zm amoOJma CnbãY hmoB©b. Am¡fYr dZñnVtÀ`m {Z`{‘V CËnmXZmVyZ Jmdmbm, Xoembm
‘moR>çm à‘mUmda MbZ CnbãY hmoB©b. ZdrZ {nT>r Amnmnë`m OmJr pñWamdy eHo$b.
H$mhr ‘hËdmÀ`m Am¡fYr dZñnVtMr Zmdo d Ë`m§Mm Am¡fYr Cn`moJ

1) Am¡fYr d¥j
A.H«$. dZñnVrMo Zmd Cn¶moJ dmnaÊ`mMm ^mJ bmJdS>rgmR>r O‘rZ
1 AOw©Z öXàmoJ, hmS> OmoS>Uo, AOw©Z gmb ‘Ü`‘, CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar
OI‘oda CÎm‘ O‘rZ
2 {haS>m eº$sdY©H$, H$\$ZmeH$, H¥${‘ZmeH$, \$io ‘Ü`‘, CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar
ZoÌ{dH$ma, ‘wÌ{dH$ma, ~ÕH$moð>Vm, {Ì\$imMwU© O‘rZ
3 {~ã~m H$\$ZmeH$, dmVZmeH$ ~r IS>H$mi, S>m|Jami, ‘wa‘mS>
O‘rZ
4 Hw§$^m OI‘m YwÊ`mgmR>r, gn©X§emda gmbrMm ag \$i ‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 245

5 H$X§~ Q>miy âÊ`mgmR>r Cn`wº$, OI‘ YwÊ`mgmR>r, gmb, \$i ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O‘rZ
Vmnmda
6 nig ‘wiì`mY, ‘Yw‘oh nmZo ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O‘rZ
7 ‘mohm nm¡ï>rH$, Q>m°Ýgrëgda \w$b, gmb gd© àH$maÀ`m O‘rZrV
8 {edU dmVZmeH$, ‘wÌamoJ, XmhZmeH$ ‘wi gwnrH$ d Imob O‘rZ
9 Om§^wi {nÎm, H¥$‘r, Xmh, A{Vgma, H$\$ d aº$Xmof \$io, ~r gd© àH$maÀ`m O{‘ZrV
{dH$mam§da
10 {gVm AemoH$ J^m©e` {dH$ma, ‘wVIS>m, doXZmem‘H$ gmb, {~`m gd©àH$maÀ`m O{‘ZrV
11 I¡a H$\$ZmeH$, aº$ewÕr, H¥$‘rZmeH$ ‘wi, ImoS>, nmZo gd© àH$maÀ`m O{‘ZrV
12 ~ob H$m{dirda, Vmn, A‘m§e d hJdU, nmZo, \$io, ‘wio CÎm‘ nmo`QçmMr O‘rZ
gn©X§emda
13 Q>oQy> Xe‘wimV Cn`moJ, H$mZmVyZ ny òÊ`mda ‘wi ‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ
14 Amdim aº$ ewÕrgmR>r, Aeº$nUmda \i ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar O‘rZ
15 ~ohS>m nMZeº$s dmT>{dUo, {Ì\$im MwU© \ io gd© àH$maÀ`m O{‘Zr
2) PwS>no / h§Jm‘r dZñnVr
A.H«$. dZñnVrMo Zmd Cn`moJ dmnaÊ`mMm ^mJ bmJdS>rgmR>r O‘rZ
1 {S>H$m‘br O§Vmda, OI‘m§Vrb {H$S>o \$imMo MyU ‘Ü`‘ H$mir
‘maÊ`mgmR>r
2 dmdS>tJ O§VZmeH$, nmMZeº$s dmT>dVo \$im§Mo MyU© S>m|Ja CVmamda
3 Vwig H$\$ZmeH$, bKdr {dH$ma, nmZo ~r gd© àH$maMr O‘rZ
H¥$‘rZmeH$
4 ^ma§Jr ‘boar`m, S>moio XwIUo ‘wi ‘Ü¶‘Imob
5 Am§~o ‘waJiUo, aº$ewÕr ‘wi, ImoS> ‘Ü¶‘, H$mir
hiX nmo¶Q>çmMr
6 embnUu Xe‘wimV dmna, Vmn d H$’$mda ‘wio gd© àH$maMr O‘rZ
CÎm‘
7 ^wB©[a¨JUr nmoQ>XwIrda, ^wH$ dmT>{dUogmR>r, gd© ^mJ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü¶‘
H¥$‘rZmeH$
8 gn©J§Ym aº$Xm~ H$‘r H$aUogmR>r, OrU© Áda, ‘wio, ~r dmiw¶wº$, aoVmS> O‘rZ
gwb^ àgwVr hmoUogmR>r
9 AídJ§Ym Aeº$nUm, J^©YmaUogmR>r, ‘wio, {~`m ‘Ü¶‘ nmo¶Q>çmMr O‘rZ
ZnwgH$Ëd OmUogmR>r
10 H mSo `H¥$V g§ajUmgmR>r, g§[YdmV, gd© àH$maMr O‘rZ nmZo, ‘wio
{Mam`V nrÎmZmeH$
11 doI§S g§{YdmV, Am‘dmV, ‘wiì`mY, Vmn ‘wio JminQ> d nmo¶Q>çmMr
B.da O‘rZ
12 Bg~Jmob ~ÕH$moîR>Vm, ‘wiì`mY, g§{YdmV {~`m hbH$s Vo ‘Ü¶‘,
dmiy{‘lrV O‘rZ
246 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

3) dobdJu` Am¡fYr dZñnVr
A.H«$. dZñnVrMo Cn`moJ dmnaÊ`mMm bmJdS>rgmR>r O‘rZ
Zmd ^mJ
1 eVmdar J^m©e`mMo {dH$ma, àXa amoJ, ‘wVIS>m, ‘wio hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘ dmiy {‘lrV
XwY gwQ>Ê`mgmR>r O‘rZ
2 Jwidob AmåbnrÎm, nmoQ>XwIr, `H¥$VmMo {dH$ma nmZo gd©àH$maMr O‘rZ
3 ‘mb njdmV d g§[YdmVmda, {~`m§Mo Vob {~`m ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
H$m§JUr ~wÕr d ñ‘¥Vr dmT>{dUmao
4 g‘wÐemoH$ öXàmoJm§da, ^wH$ bmJUogmR>r, ‘wi, nmZo ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
~bdY©H$
5 Jw§O nMZeº$s dmT>{dUo, eº$sdY©H$ nmZo, {~`m ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
6 H$ibmdr OI‘m ^ê$Z òUogmR>r, gn©X§e, nmZo d H§$X ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
~mi§§VnUmModoir H$im òUogmR>r
7 AZ§V‘wi bKdr {dH$ma, ^wH$ dmT>{dUo, ‘wi ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
AYmªJmda
8 ~oS>H$s gmIaoMo à‘mU H$‘r H$aUogmR>r, bKdr nmZo gd© àH$maMr O‘rZ
{dH$mam§da
9 H$m§S>dob nmMZeº$s dmT>{dUo, ËdMm {dH$mam§da ‘wi ‘Ü`‘ O‘rZ
>
ì`mnmarÑîQ çm bmJdS>r`mo½` ‘hËdmÀ`m Am¡fYr dZñnVr
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘Ôm
w eVmdar
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ nmo`Q>çmMr dmiy {‘lrV
hoŠQ>ar ~r / R>m|~ 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo
bmJdS> nÕV 1.5 ‘r x 1.0 ‘r (amono 12000-15000)
H$mT>Ur n{hbr H$mT>Ur 1.5 Vo 2.0 dfm©§Zr H$amdr. \o$~«wdmar-‘mM© ‘{hÝ`mV H$mT>Ê`mg gwH${dÊ`mg
gmono Pmbo.
à{H«$`m H$mT>UrZ§Va YwD$Z KoUo. ‘wimdaMr gmb H$mTy>Z AmVbr {ea H$mT>mdr Z§Va 10 Vo 15 go§.‘r.
bm§~rMo VwH$S>o H$amdoV d gmdbrV dmidmdoV.
Cn`moJ eº$sdY©H$, ‘mVoMo XwY dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r, ~mi§VnUmZ§Va ‘mVoMm Aeº$nUm ^ê$Z H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r,
J^m©e`mMo {dH$ma, CXa amoJ, ‘wVIS>m, ewH«$O§VyMr dmT> H$aÊ`mgmR>r, aº$Xm~ d A°{g{S>Q>r
~mOma^md gwH$boë`m ñdÀN> ‘wù`m§Zm ê$.80 Vo 100 à{V {H$bmo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 247

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm AídJ§Ym
h§Jm‘ Iarn
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘, nmo`Q>çmMr, ^wg^wgrV, CÎm‘ {ZMè`mMr
hoŠQ>ar ~r ({H$bmo) 1.0 {H$.~r.amono V`ma H$amdr.
bmJdS> nÕV gnmQ> dmâ`mV 60 x 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda
H$mT>Ur/H$mnUr nwînH$mof {ndio d \$io Vm§~yg Pmë`mda
A) {~`mgmR>r \$io H$mTy>Z dmidyZ ~r H$mT>mdo
~) Am¡fYmgmR>r 160 Vo 180 {Xdgm§Zr ‘wimMr H$mT>Ur H$ê$Z àVdmar H$ê$Z dmidmdr
CËnmXZ 100 {H$bmo ~r, 10-15 {¹$. ‘wio
Cn`moJ ‘wù`m nm¡{ï>H$, Aeº$nUmda JwUH$mar, {ó`mÀ`m J^©YmaUogmR>r d nwéfmMo
Zn§wgH$Ëd OmÊ`mgmR>r
~mOma^md gwH$boë`m ‘wù`m 80-100 énò à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm gmoZm‘wIr

h§Jm‘ (bmJdS>rMr doi) df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘H$mir/nmo`Q>çmMr
nyd© ‘emJV Zm§JaQ>, Hw$idmÀ`m 2-3 nmù`m d 8-10 Q>Z eoUIV {‘gimdo
gwYm[aV dmU hodr nm°S>, E.Eb.Eg. {VÞodo„r
hoŠQ>ar ~r ({H$bmo) 15-20 {H$bmo
bmJdS> nÕV 45 x 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamda Q>moHy$Z qH$dm nmârZo noamdo
H$mT>Ur /H$mnUr e|Jm n¹$ (H$minQ>) Pmë`mda VmoS>Ur H$amdr
A) {~`mgmR>r dmidyZ ~r H$mT>mdo
~) Am¡fYmgmR>r nmZo, e|S>o, An¹$ e|Jm 90, 110 d 120 {Xdgm§Zr H$mnUr H$ê$Z dmidmdo
CËnmXZ hoŠQ>ar 12-15 q¹$Q>b dmibobr nmZo d e|Jm
Cn`moJ CÎm‘, aoMH$, H¥$‘r, V¥îUm d ZoÌamoJmda
~mOma^md dmibobr nmZo d e|Jm … 60-70 ê$.à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm Bg~Jmob

h§Jm‘ aã~r
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘
gwYm[aV dmU JwOamV - 1 Vo 2, {hgma 2, 5, 32, 35
hoŠQ>ar ~r ({H$bmo) 8 Vo 10 {H$bmo
bmJdS> nÕV 30 x 10 g|.‘r.
H$mT>Ur/ H$mnUr 110-120 {Xdgm§Zr {nH$mMr H$mnUr H$ê$Z Iù`mda dmidyZ
A) {~`mgmR>r ‘iUr, C\$UUr H$ê$Z ~r H$mT>mdo
~) Am¡fYmgmR>r {~`mMm, ^werMm Cn`moJ H$amdm
CËnmXZ hoŠQ>ar 10-12 q¹$Q>b ~r
Cn`moJ A‘m§e, {nÎm, A{Vgma, nXaamoJ g§YrdmV, ~ÕH$moð>Vm, A§Va gwO B. da JwUH$mar
~mOma^md {~`mUo … 50-60 é.à{V {H$bmo d ^wer … 150-200 é.à{V {H$bmo
248 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm e|Ðr/{~Šgm
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ IS>H$mi, S>m|Ja CVmamda, eoVm§À`m ~m§Ymda
hoŠQ>ar ~r ({H$bmo) bmJdS> {~`mnmgyZ amon bmdyZ H$aVmV
bmJdS> nÕV ~r 12 Vmg W§S> nmÊ`m‘Üò {ÔV R>odë`mg CJdU Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
H$mT>Ur / H$mnUr \$imMr VmoS>Ur OmZodmar ‘Üò hmoVo.
A) {~`mgmR>r {~`m§nmgyZ 6 Q>¸o$ a§J {‘iVmo.
~) Am¡fYmgmR>r nmoQ>mVrb dmV d AOrUm©da, ‘wVIS>çmda, aoMH$ d H¥$‘rda CÎm‘
CËnmXZ gamgar 8-10 dfm©À`m PmS>mnmgyZ 4-5 {H$bmo {~`mUo {‘iVo.
Cn`moJ {~`m§nmgyZ Ho$bobm e|Ðr a§J AÞnXmWmªZm a§J XoÊ`mgmR>r dmnaVmV.
~mOma^md ñWm{ZH$ ~mOma^md à{V{H$bmo 80 Vo 100 ê$., naXoemV à{V {H$bmo ê$. 600 Xa Amho.
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm Jw½Jwi
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ ‘wa‘mS>, hbH$s
gwYm[aV dmU ‘{hfmj, ‘h{Zb, Hw$‘wX, nÙ, H$UJw½Jwi
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo PmS>mÀ`m H$Q>tJ 10-12 S>moio Agbobo 10-12 go|.‘r. bm§~
bmJdS> nÕV 2 x 2 ‘r. A§Vamda ‘wio \w$Q>bobo amono bmJdS>
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ 6-7 dfm©Z§Va EH$m PmS>mnmgyZ 500 Vo 700 J«°‘ qS>H$ (aoPrZ) {‘iVmo.
Cn`moJ {ÌXmofem‘H$, ñWwbVm H$‘r H$aUo, gm§YoXwIr, Am‘dmV, J§S>‘mim, ËdMmamoJ, X§VamoJ, gyO
H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r, öXàmoJ B.gmR>r JwUH$mar
~mOma^md qS>H$ … 1000-1500 ê$.à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm nmZqnnir
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ JmimMr qH$dm ‘Ü`‘ nmo`Q>çmMr qH$dm bmb ‘mVrMr
bmJdS> nÕV 45 x 30 go|.‘r.
H$mT>Ur d CËnmXZ bmdUrnmgyZ nrH$ 12 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr V`ma hmoVo Am°ŠQ>mo~a-Zmoìh|~a \$imÀ`m 4-5 VmoS>Ê`m hmoVmV.
n¹$ \$io JX© H$minQ> {hadr AgVmV. hoŠQ>ar gamgar 3 Vo 5 q¹$. dmibobr \$io {‘iVmV.
\$io `mo½` àH$mao dmidUo ‘hÎdmMo Amho.
Cn`moJ H$\$, dmV, X‘m, ImoH$bm, CXaamoJ, Vmn, ‘wiì`mY, ^wb B.gmR>r
~mOma^md dmibobr \$io … 80 Vo 100 ê$. à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm H$mS>o {Mam`V
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ hbH$s Vo ‘Ü`‘
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 500 J«°‘
Cn`moJ Áda, X‘m, ‘wabobm Áda, g§YrdmV, nmoQ>mMo {dH$ma B. AmOmamV Cn`wº$ H$mb‘oWrZ d
A°ÝS´>moJ«o\$mobmB©S> ho amgm`{ZH$ KQ>H$ AmhoV
~mOma^md dmibobo n§MmJ … 50 Vo 60 é. à{V {H$bmo {~`mUo … 5000 é. à{V {H$bmo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 249

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm g\o$X ‘wgir
h§Jm‘ Iarn
O‘rZ ^wg^werV - nmo`Q>çmMr
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo amono … 2, 22, 222 à{V hoŠQ>ar
H$mT>Ur /H$mnUr nmZr {ndir nS>ë`mda Zmoìh|~a-OmZodmarV H$mT>Ur H$amdr. H§$X H$mT>Vm§Zm H§$XmZm BOm hmoUma
Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr. Z§Va MmHy$Zo H§$Xmdarb gmb H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdr. gmbo H$mT>bobo H§$X 1
Q>¸o$ ImÊ`mÀ`m gmoS>çmÀ`m ÐmdUmV {ÔdyZ ñdÀN> H$mnS>mda 5-7 {Xdg dmidmdo.
CËnmXZ Amoë`m ‘wgirMo hoŠQ>ar 1 Q>Z d dmiboë`m ‘wgirMo hoŠQ>ar 200-300 {H$bmo
Cn`moJ eº$sdY©H$, d§Ü`Ëd H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r, ewH«$O§Vy dmT>rgmR>r, ~mi§VnUmMo Xmof Xwa H$aÊ`mgmR>r
aº$ ewÕrgmR>r, öX`mMo ~b dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r CÎmoOH$ d aº$ñV§^H$
~mOma^md 800-1000 é. à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm H$ibmdr
h§Jm‘ Iarn
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar
hoŠQ>ar H§$X 18,000-22,500 H§$X
H$mT>Ur n{hë`m dfu nmZJi Pmë`mZ§Va H§$X O{‘ZrV amhþ ÚmdoV. XmoZ dfm©À`m H§$XmnmgyZ Amboë`m
dobrZm§M \$w$bo d \$io òVmV. O{‘ZrVbo H§$X ImoXyZ H$mT>mdo d ñdÀN> YwdyZ 8-10 go‘r
bm§~rMo VwH$S>o H$amdoV.
{~`mgmR>r 3 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va dmiboë`m e|Jm‘YyZ {~ Jmoim H$amdo.
CËnmXZ 100-190 {H$bmo / ho. {~`mUo n{hë`m dfu, 200-230 {H$bmo/ ho. {~`mUo Xwgè`m dfu
Cn`moJ b¢{JH$ amoJ, g§YramoJ, OZmdam§Mo O§V nmS>Ê`mgmR>r, gn©X§e, ~mi§VnU gwIH$a hmoÊ`mgmR>r,
doXZmem‘H$ d Cdm§gmR>r. `m‘Üò gwna~mBZ, ½bmo[aAmo{gZ d H$moëMrgrZ ho ‘w»` KQ>H$
AgVmV.
~mOma^md {~`m§À`m {Z`m©Vrbm \$ma ‘moR>m dmd Amho.
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm gn©J§Ym

h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ Vo Imob, H$gXma
hoŠQ>ar ~r ({H$bmo) 100 {H$bmo ‘wim§Mo 5 go‘r bm§~rMo VwH$S>o / ho., qH$dm 6 {H$bmo {~`m.
bmJdS> nÕV 45 x 10 g|.‘r.
H$mT>Ur 18 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va A{YH$ CËnÞ òVo. {hdmù`mV nmZJi Pmë`mda ‘wim§Mr ImoXUr H$amdr. ‘wio
ImoXÊ`mnwdu hbHo$ nmUr Úmdo.
CËnmXZ 15 Vo 25 q¹$Q>b /ho.
Cn`moJ Cƒ aº$Xm~, doS>ganUm, {hñQ>o[a`m, A{ZÐm, {‘aJr, X‘m, Vrd« nmoQ>XwIr, gn© d qdMw X§e. `m
‘Üò aognrZ, aogrZm‘mB©Z, S>oganmB©S>mB©Z, AO‘brgmB©Z, AO‘bmB©Z, {ZAmoAO‘bmB©Z, gn}
Q>rZ d Aë\$m-`mohr½~mB©Z ho KQ>H$ AgVmV.
~mOma^md 125 Vo 150 énò à{V {H$bmo
250 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm Omdm {gQ´>moZobm
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ H$mir, H$gXma, {ZMè`mMr
hoŠQ>ar amono / R>m|~ 27,800 Vo 35000 R>m|~
H mnUr
A) gwédmVrMr bmJdS>rZ§Va 5-6 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
~) Z§VaÀ`m Xa 4 Vo 5 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ Amobo JdV (Q>Z) Vob ({H$bmo)
1 bo df© 25-30 200-300
2 ao df© Vo 4 Wo df© 40-45 320-450
{deof ‘m{hVr Vob a§JhrZ, dmg {b§~mgmaIm, {Oa°{ZAm°b ho d {gQ´>moZob°mb à‘wI KQ>H$ AmhoV.
~mOma^md Vob 500 - 800 é. {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm JdVr Mhm
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ H$mir/nmo`Q>çmMr
hoŠQ>ar R>m|~ / H$Q>tJ AmoS>r - 440, grHo$nr 25, AmaAmaEb-16 R>mo|~ g§»`m hoŠQ>ar 22000 Vo 25000 R>m|~
H mnUr
A) gwédmVrMr bmJdS>rZ§Va 4-5 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
~) Z§VaÀ`m Xa 3 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ Amobo JdV(Q>Z) Vob ({H$bmo)
1 Vo 2 df© 20-22 75-75
2 Vo 4 df© 20-25 75-100
{deof ‘m{hVr Vob {ndiga, dmg qb~mgmaIm AgyZ {gQ´>m°bMo à‘mU 75 Q>¸o$ `m‘Üò OrdZgËd - A
‘moR>çm à‘mUmV AgVo
~mOma^md Vob 600-800 é. à{V {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm {Oa°{Z`‘
h§Jm‘ CÝhmù`mV
O‘rZ gd© àH$maMr
hoŠQ>ar R>m|~ /H$Q>tJ 25000 H$qQ>J JmXr dmâ`mda
H mnUr A) gwédmVrMr bmJdS>rZ§Va 4-6 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr, ~) Z§VaÀ`m Xa 2.5 Vo 3 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ Amobo JdV (Q>Z) Vob ({H$bmo)
1 Vo 2 df© 30 25-30
2 Vo 4 df© 35-40 30-35
{deof ‘m{hVr Vb
o {ndiga Vm~§gy AgZy dmg CJ« Jb
w m~mgmaIm {Oa{°ZAmb
° d {gQ>´mZobmb
° ho à‘I
w KQ>H$ AmhVo
~mOma^md Vob 3600-5000 é./ {H$bmo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 251

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm XdZm
h§Jm‘ aã~r
O‘rZ gwnrH$
hoŠQ>ar ~r 1.5 {H$.~r
H mnUr
A) gwédmVrMr \o$~«wdmar - ‘mM©
~) Z§VaÀ`m E{àb - ‘o (ImoS>dm)
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ Amobm nmbm 15 Q>Z ImoS>ì`mgh d Vob 28 Vo 30 {H$bmo
{deof ‘m{hVr VobmMm a§J {ndiga, dmg ‘Yya AgyZ XdZrZMo à‘mU 36 Vo 56 Q>¸o$
~mOma^md Vob … 2000-5000 é. / {H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm dmim

h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ gd© àH$maÀ`m O{‘ZrV
gwYm[aV dmU Ho$.Eg. 1, Ho$.Eg.2, gwJ§Ym, EZ.gr. 66406, EZ.gr.66415, EM.dm`.-8, AmoìhrS>r-3
hoŠQ>ar amono / R>m|~ 60,000 R>m|~ à{V hoŠQ>ar
H$mnUr bmJdS>rZ§Va 15 Vo 18 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr O‘rZ ImoXyZ ‘wio H$mT>mdrV. Ë`m AJmoXa daMm ^mJ 15-
20 go|.‘r., C§Mr R>odyZ H$mnmdm. eŠ` {VVH$s gd© ‘wio H$mT>mdrV
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ ‘wio (q¹$./ho.) 30-40, Vob ({H$bmo) 15-20
{deof ‘m{hVr ‘wim‘YyZ VobmMm CVmam 0.6 Vo 0.8 Q>¸o$ {‘iVmo. dmù`m ‘Üò erV, V¥îUm em‘H$, ñdoX,
‘wÌb ho ‘w»` JwUY‘© AmhoV.
~mOma^md Vob … 4000-5000 é./{H$bmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm Vwig

h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ H$mir qH$dm nmo`Q>çmMr
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 75-250 J«°‘ {~`mUo
bmJdS> nÕV 45 x 30 go|.‘r. qH$dm 60 x 30 go|.‘r.
H mnUr nrH$ \w$bmoè`mV AgVm§Zm O{‘ZrÀ`m da 20-25 go|.‘r. A§Va gmoSy>Z n{hbr H$mnUr H$amdr.
Z§VaÀ`m XmoZ H$mnÊ`m 75-90 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo H$amì`mV. Z§Va g§nyU© Amobo nrH$ gmdbrV
dmidmdo åhUOo VobmMo à‘mU dmT>Vo.
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ Amobm nmbm (Q>Z/ho.) 15-25, Vob ({H$bmo) 100-110
{deof ‘m{hVr VwierÀ`m nmZmV 0.5 Vo 0.7 Q>¸o$ {ndio OX©, qH$MrV bd§Jo gma»`m dmgmMo ~mînZerb Vob
AgVo. H¥$îU VwierÀ`m VobmV àm‘w»`mZo `wOm°b ho amgm`{ZH$ KQ>H$> Ðì` AgVo.
~mOma^md \w$bo 40-50 é./{H$bmo, Vob … 300-500 é./{H$bmo
252 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÔm nwXrZm (‘|Wm)
h§Jm‘ df©â
O‘rZ nmo`Q>çmMr
gwYm[aV dmU OnmZr q‘Q> - E‘.E.Eg-10, hm`~«rS> 77, B.gr.41911, {gdm{bH$, pñnAaq‘Q> -
E‘.Eg. Eg.-1, 5 n§Om~, pñnAa q‘Q>-1, am°`-1, {H$aU, {Zam, ~oaJm°Q> q‘Q> - S>‘é S>r.
Am`. Eg.Eg.-5
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 5 Vo 10 g|.‘r. bm§~rÀ`m 3-4 {‘‘r. OmS>rÀ`m 1,50,000/ \$m§Úm à{V hoŠQ>ar
H$mnUr OmZodmar qH$dm \$o$~«wdmar‘Üò n{hbr H$mnUr E{àb - ‘o ‘{hÝ`mV H$amdr (nrH$ \w$bmoè`mda
òÊ`mnydu H$amdr) Xwgar H$mnUr Owb¡-Am°JñQ>‘Üò H$amdr. {nH$mMr Mm§Jbr H$miOr KoVë`mg
Am°ŠQ>mo~a‘Üò {Vgar H$mnUr H$aVm òVo.
hoŠQ>ar CËnmXZ XmoZ H$mnUrnmgyZ à{V ho³Q>ar 2 Vo 2.5 Q>Z CËnÞ {‘iVo
{deof ‘m{hVr {haì¶m dZñnVrnmgyZ nonaq‘Q> Vob H$mT>VmV S>moHo$XþIr, gm§YoXþIr, ImoH$ë¶mÀ¶m Jmoù¶m
Qw>WnoñQ> B. Cn¶moJ hVmo.
~mOma^md nonaq‘Q> VobmMm ^md à{V {H$bmog ê$. 400 Vo 500 {‘iVmo.
cmJdS> `mo½` ‘hËdmÀ`m Am¡fYr dZñnVr
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÚm ASw>igm
h§Jm‘ (noaUrMr doi) Iarn
O‘rZ nmo`Q>çmMr, D$Îm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar O‘rZ
nyd© ‘emJV C^r - AmS>dr Zm§JaQ> H$éZ O‘rZ ^wg^werV H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
cmJdS> nÜXV 60 60 go.‘r. A§Vamda cmJdS> H$amdr.
hoŠQ>ar IVo ({H$cmo) nyd© ‘emJVrÀ`m doir hoŠQ>ar 20 Q>Z eoUIV d 50 … 25 … 25 ZÌ ñ\w$aX d nmcme AZwH«$‘o
cmJdS>rÀ`m doir Úmdo Z§Va 50 {H$. ZÌmMm EH$ hám 40 Vo 45 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdm.
Am§Va‘emJV, nmUr JaOoZogma IwanÊ`m H$ê$Z eoV VU‘wŠV R>odmdo. ho nrH$ nmÊ`mg Mm§Jcm àVrgmX XoVo. CÝhmù`mV
7 Vo 10{XdgmÀ`m A§VamZo nmUr Úmdo.
H$mT>Ur dfm©VyZ 3 doim H$mT>Ur H$aVm òVo.
CËnÞ 80 Vo 90{Šd§Q>b n{hë`mdfu d 90 Vo 100 {Šd§Q>b, Xþgè`m dfu Amocr nmZo à{V hoŠQ>ar
{‘iVmV. ;
à{H«$`m nmZo H$mTy>Z gmdcrV gwH$dmdrV d ñdÀN> H$moaS>çm OmJoV nmoË`mV ^ê$Z R>odmdrV.
dmnamd`mMm ^mJ nmZo
CnòmJ O§VyZmeH$, A{Vgma, X‘m d ImoH$ë`mV, aŠVewÜXrgmR>r, ZoÌ{dH$ma
~mOma^md dmicocr nmZo 50 Vo 60 énò à{V {H$cmo
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÚm doI§S>
h§Jm‘ (noaUrMm doi) Iarn qgMZmgmR>r df©â
O‘rZ ‘Ü`‘ Vo ^mar, JmimMr nmUr gmMUmar, ^mV ImMamV, nmo`Q>çmMr Amocmdm YéZ R>odUmar
nyd© ‘emJV Imoc Zm§JaQ> d 2 - 3 Hw$idmÀ`m nmù`m 20 JmS>çm eoUIV {‘gimdo.
cmJdS> nÜXV gnmQ> dmâ`mV ‘wio \w$Q>cocr amono qH$dm H$modio e|S>o 3030 g|‘r. A§Vamda cmdmdrV d gmaIo
nmUr gmMdyZ R>odmdo. {nH$mMr 5- 6 doim qZXUr H$amdr. cmJdS>rÀ`m doir 200-300
{H$cmo gw\$cm à{V hoŠQ>>ar Úmdm.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 253

hoŠQ>ar IVo ( {H$cmo) hoŠQ>ar 20…40…40 ZÌ, ñ\$w$aX d nmcme AZwH«$‘o cmJdS>rÀ`m doir Úmdo.
H$mT>Ur / H$mnUr d EH$m dfm©Z§Va nmZo {ndir Pmë`mda H§$X‘wio ImoXÿZ H$mTy>Z V§V‘wio
CËnmXZ {dahrV H$éZ 5-10 g|‘r. cm§~rMo VwH$S>o H$amdo. gmYmaU hoŠQ>ar 5 Vo 8 Q>Z CËnmXZ òVo.
Cn`moJ ~wÜXrg {hVH$a, gwJ§Yr A{¾{XnH$, nmMH$ CcQ>r AmUUmao O§Vy d H¥$‘rZmeH$ AgyZ ‘wiì`mY.
gXu nS>go S>moHo$XþIr, CÝ‘mX, Anñ‘ma ‘wÀN>m©, nmoQ>XþIr , A{Vgma, {ÌXmofmda Cn`moJr.
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÚm H$moa\$S>

h§Jm‘(cmJdS>rgmR>r doi) Iarn, qgMZmImcr df©â
O‘rZ ‘wa‘mS> hcH$s
nyd© ‘emJV Zm§JaQ> d 1-2 Hw$idUr, 10-15 eoUIV
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 36,300 ‘wZdo (JÈ>o)
cmJdS> nÜXV gnmQ> dm\$o$ qH$dm gar da§ã`m§da 60-45 g|‘r. A§Vamda JÈ>o (‘wZdo) cmdmdoV. ZdrZ dmT>
hmoB©n`ªV nmUr Úmdo.
IVo 20 … 20 … 20 ZÌ, ñ\w$aX d nmbme {H$cmo / hoŠQ>ar
H$mT>Ur / H$mnUr d 2 dfm©nmgyZ gVV 4 Vo 5 dfm©n`ªV hoŠQ>ar 40 Vo 60 Q>Z ‘m§gc nmZmMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo
CËnmXZ
Cn`moJ {ÌXmof, doXZm, S>moio òUo, OI‘m, nmoQ>mMo {dH$ma, H¥$‘r, nXa amoJ, aŠV Xmof, OcmoXa , ËdMm
amoJ B. AmOmamda Cn`wº$
{nH$mMo Zmd / ‘wÚm ImOHw$[hcr

h§Jm‘ I[an … OwZ - Owc¡
O‘rZ CÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar, hcH$s Vo ^mar O‘rZ
nwd© ‘emJV O‘rZ C^r AmS>dr Zm§JéZ Hw$idmÀ`m 2-3nmù`m Úmì`mV. 10-15 Q>Z Hw$Ococo eoUIV
hoŠQ>ar {~`mUo 20-25 {H$cmo {~`mUo
cmJdS> nÜXV gar da§~o qH$dm gnmQ> dm\$o$ 1 1 ‘r. A§Vamda Q>mH$Uo nÜXVrZo cmJdS> H$amdr. àËòH$
{R>H$mUr 2 {~`m 2-3 g|‘r. Imocda cmdmì`mV.
IVo ({H$cmo/ho) cmJdS>rÀ`m doir 100-150 {H$cmo {S>. Ao. nr. 45 Vo 75 {Xdgm§Zr àËòH$s 25 - 30
{H$cmo ZÌmMo XmoZ háo ÚmdoV.
Am§Va‘emJV, nmUr doctZm AmYmamgmR>r 1.5 Vo 2.0 ‘r. C§MrMm ‘§S>n qH$dm VmQ>r V`ma H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio
CËnmXZmV Mm§Jcr dmT> hmoVo. nmÊ`mÀ`m 4- 6 nmù`m 25-30 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo Úmì`mV.
H$mT>Ur / H$mnUr g§nyU© e|Jm nŠd Pmë`mZ§Va H$mT>Ur H$amdr. Z§Va CÝhmV dmidyZ Ë`mVrc {~`m doJù`m
H$amì`mV.
CËnmXZ 15-17 {Šd§Q>b à{V hoŠQ>ar qgMZmImcr 30-35 {Šd§Q>b
Cn`moJ ‘wù`m d {~`mMm Cn`moJ njKmV, AeŠVnUmda {~`m§Mo MwU© Cn`moJr AgVo. ‘wÌamoJ, {H$S>ZrMo
{dH$ma `m‘Üò Ë`mMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. X‘m, ImoH$cm, aŠVamoJ, ewH«$me` `m amoJmda JwUH$mar.
254 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nag~mJo‘Ü¶o bmJdS>r ¶mo½¶ Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVr
A. H«§$. Am¡fYr dZñnVrMo Zmd dmnad¶mMm ^mJ Am¡fYr Cn¶moJ
1 ASw>igm nmZ X‘m, ídmg, H$’$, j¶, ImoH$bm B.
2 doI§S> ImoS> d n§Mm§J ídmgmMr XþJªYr, Kgm XþIUo, ~wÓrdY©H$, nmZo d ’w$bm§nmgyZ Vob H$mT>VmV
3 Jwidob ImoS> ‘Yy‘oh, dmV {nVmda d H$m{dirda
4 H$moa’$S> nmZ Amåb{nÎm, aº$ewÕrH$aU, gm¡X¶© àgmYZ
5 Vwig n§Mm§J aº$ewÓr, öX¶amoJ, Vmn, ËdMmamoJ
6 AídJ§Ym ‘wi ~bdY©H$, YmVy nm¡{ï>H$, ~mi§VnUmZ§Va, H§$~aXþIrda, ñZm¶y ~iH$Q>rgmR>r
7 JdVr Mhm nmZ gXu nS>go, gm§YoXþIrda Vob dmnaVmV.
8 ‘mH$m ‘wi d nmZ H$m{dirda d aº$ewÕrH$aÊ¶mgmR>r, aº$àdmh Wm§~{dÊ¶mgmR>r
9 A¸$bH$am ’w$b, ~r XmV XþIrda, Vm|S> H$moaS>o nS>V Agob Va
10 eVmdar ‘wi ‘mVoMo XþY dmT>{dÊ¶mgmR>r, ~mi§VnUmZ§VaMm Aeº$nUm
OmÊ¶mgmR>r CÎm‘
11 gVmn nmZ gXu nS>go - nmZmMm ag ‘YmVyZ KoUo, gVmnMo Vob njKmVmda CÎm‘
12 H$mS>o {Mam¶V n§Mm§J hmS>r Vmnmda, ‘bo[a¶mda, OwZmQ> Vmn
13 ~mdMr {~¶m nm§T>ao H$moS>mda Vob bmdVmV.
14 gãOm {~¶m, ‘wi ‘wi - bhmZ ‘wbm§À¶m nmoQ>mÀ¶m {dH$mamda {~¶m§Mm H$mT>m - ~mi§VnUmÀ¶m
nmoQ>ewimda
15 ‘mB©Z ‘im ‘wi ‘Yw‘ohmda CÎm‘
16 gmoZm‘wIr nmZ, e|Jm ~ÕH$moð>Vm, nmoQ>XþIr
17 ~oS>H$s (‘YwZ{eZr) nmZo ‘Yw‘ohmda {Z¶§ÌU AmUÊ¶mgmR>r, 2 Vo 3 dmibobr nmZo ImUo.
18 nwXrZm nmZ S>moHo$XþIr, gm§YoXþIr, Vm|S> ñdÀN> YwÊ¶mgmR>r
19 AñW‘m dob nmZ, ‘wi nmZm§Mm qH$dm ‘wim§Mm H$mT>m X‘m, AñW‘m d A‘m§emda
20 nmZ qnnir ’$i doXZm d gwOoda qnnirMm bon bmdmdm, X‘m, ImoH$bm, H$’$ gwQ>V
Zgë¶mg qnnirMo MwU© ‘YmVyZ XoUo
21 bmOmiy n§Mm§J nmZo+‘wù¶m ¶m§Mo MwU© XþYmVy ‘wiì¶mYrda, ‘wimMm H$mT>m {nÎmme¶mda
22 g’o$X ‘wgir ‘wi ~bdY©H$, ~mi§VnUmV ‘mVm§Zm XþY ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r
23 nmZ Amodm nmZ gXu nS>go, nmoQ>XþIrda CÎm‘
24 nmZ ’w$Q>r nmZ ‘w¸$m ‘ma bmJUo d OI‘m§da am‘~mU Cnm¶
25 I§Sy> M¸$m nmZ ^mOboë¶m OI‘m§da CÎm‘
26 JmoIé n§Mm§J Xå¶mÀ¶m {dH$mam§da, bKdrVyZ aº$ OmUo, nmMZeº$s dmT>Ê¶mgmR>r
27 AmKmS>m ‘wi, nmZ, {~¶m nmZmMm ag ‘wVIS>çmda CÎm‘
28 Ooð>‘Y ‘wi H$’$, ImoH$bm, X‘m B. {dH$mam§da
29 H$T>rnÎmm nmZ nmoQ>mMo {dH$ma, ~bdY©H$
30 P|Sy> nmZo XmV d {haS>çm§À¶m AmOmamgmR>r
Q>rn … boIm‘Ü¶o Z‘wX Ho$boë¶m Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVrMr amono àH$ënmH$S>o CnbãY Amho. (’$moZ … 02426/243292)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 255

‘¥X d Obg§YmaU
‘hmamï>´mV Odinmg 82 Q>¸o$ joÌ {Oam`V Amho. `m joÌmV nS>Umè`m nmdgmn¡H$s \$º$ 20 Vo 30 Q>¸o$ nmUr O{‘ZrV
‘waVo. ~mH$sMo nmUr ~mînr^dZ d AnYmdmZo dmhÿZ OmVo. `m AnYmdm‘wio doJdoJù`m {R>H$mUr hoŠQ>ar 5 Vo 20 Q>Zmn`ªV
O{‘ZrMr Yyn hmoVo. dmhÿZ OmUmam AnYmd AS>dyZ Ë`mMm g§a{jV qgMZmgmR>r Cn`moJ H$aUo, VgoM O{‘ZrMr Yyn {Z`§[ÌV
H$aUo `mgmR>r emgH$s`, AemgH$s` (EZ.Or.Amo.) d eoVH$è`m§À`m nmVirda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda ‘¥X d Obg§YmaUmMr H$m‘o
H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. {deofV… ‘ybñWmZr ‘¥X d Obg§YmaUmÀ`m Imbrb nÕVrMm eoVH$è`m§Zr Amnë`m eoVmda Adb§~ H$amdm.
Ë`m‘wio Obg§YmaU Mm§Jë`màH$mao hmoD$Z CËnmXZmV {ZpíMVM dmT> hmoB©b.
1) g‘nmVirVrb da§~o
g‘nmVirVrb da§~o dmhUmè`m nmÊ`mbm AS>dyZ O{‘ZrV ‘waÊ`mgmR>r ‘XV H$aVmV. ho CnMma H$‘r nmdgmÀ`m ^mJmV,
gmYmaU 3 Q>¸o$n`ªV CVmamÀ`m O{‘Zrda \$m`Xoera R>aVmV. O{‘ZrV nmUr ‘waÊ`mMm doJ OmñV Agob d nmD$g H$‘r Agob
Va g‘nmVirVrb da§~o Q>mH$mdoV. `m nÕVrV 30 g|‘r C§MrMo da§~o g‘nmVirV V`ma H$amdoV d XmoZ da§ã`mVrb A§Va
gd©gmYmaUnUo 5 ‘rQ>a R>odmdo.
2) T>mirMo da§~o
OmñV nmdgmÀ`m joÌmV 5 Vo 10 Q>¸o$ CVmamÀ`m O{‘ZrV, VgoM nmUr ‘waÊ`mMm doJ H$‘r AgUmè`m {R>H$mUr, ‘¥X d Ob
g§YmaUmgmR>r {ÌH$moUr AmH$mamMo 30 g|‘r C§Mr d 0.6% T>mi Agbobo Am{U EH$‘oH$m§nmgyZ gmYmaUnUo 3 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda
Agbobo T>mirMo da§~o KmbmdoV. Aem àH$maÀ`m da§ã`m§‘wio OmñVrMo nmUr H$‘r doJmZo eoVm~mhoa H$mT>bo OmD$Z O{‘ZrMr
Yynhr H$‘r hmoVo. Ë`mMà‘mUo eoVmV nmUr ì`dpñWVarË`m ‘waë`m‘wio 5 Vo 15 Q>¸o$n`ªV CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
3) CVmambm AmS>do dm\o$ (~§{XñV dm\o$)
Adf©UàdU joÌmV OoWo O{‘ZrV nmUr ‘waÊ`mMm doJ OmñV Amho d O{‘Zrbm \$magm CVma Zmhr Aem {R>H$mUr CVmambm
AmS>do dm\o$ V`ma H$ê$Z ‘¥X d Obg§YmaU H$aVm òVo. `mV ‘w»` d Q>m` da§~o V`ma H$aVmV. XmoZ ‘w»` da§~o CVmambm AmS>do
R>odmdoV, Va Q>m` da§~o CVmamÀ`m {XeoZo R>odmdoV. Aem [aVrZo CVmambm AmS>do dm\o$ V`ma H$amdoV. ‘w»` da§ã`mMr C§Mr 30 g|‘r
n`ªV R>odmdr Va Cn da§ã`mMr (Q>m`) C§Mr 20 g|‘r R>odmdr. `m CnMma nÕVrV OmñV nmD$g Pmë`mg Cn da§~o \w$Qy>Z g§W JVrZo
eoVmVyZ nmUr ~mhoa OmVo d ‘w»` da§ã`m§Zm H$mhrhr hmZr hmoV Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio eoVmVrb ‘mVr d nrH$ XmoÝhrMo g§ajU hmoVo. `m
nÕVrV nS>Umam nmD$g OmJrM ‘wa{dbm OmVmo d nrH$ CËnmXZmV gmYmaUnUo 5 Vo 15 Q>¸o$ dmT> hmoVo Ago amhþar, gmobmnya, Mmg
Am{U Ywio ¶oWrb g§emoYZmdê$Z {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
4) ‘moR>çm AmH$mamMo gnmQ> dm\o$
Adf©UàdU joÌmV 1 Q>ŠŠ`mnojm H$‘r CVma Agboë`m ‘Ü`‘ Imob O{‘ZrgmR>r ‘moR>çm AmH$mamMo gnmQ> dm\o$ A{Ve`
Cn`wº$ Amho. gnmQ> dmâ`mMo AmH$ma‘mZ gmYmaUnUo 6 ‘r. 6 ‘r. d da§ã`mMr C§Mr 30 g|‘r R>odmdr. nmdgmù`mV `m
dmâ`m§‘Üò da§ã`mÀ`m C§MrEdT>o nmUr gmMë`m‘wio O{‘ZrV Amobmì`mMo à‘mU dmT>Vo. n`m©`mZo nrH$ dmT>rÀ`m H$mimV `m
CnbãY Amobmì`mMm {nH$m§Zm \$m`Xm hmoVmo.
5) g‘nmVirV ‘emJV
eoVmda ‘emJVrMr gd© H$m‘o (CXm. Zm§JaUr, dIaUr, noaUr, H$moinUr B.) CVmambm AmS>dr d g‘nmVirV H$amdr.
`m‘wio eoVmV nmUr gd© ^mJmV g‘à‘mUmV ngaVo d O{‘ZrV Amobmì`mMo à‘mU dmTy>Z CËnmXZmV {ZpíMVnUo dmT> hmoÊ`mg
‘XV hmoVo. Ë¶mM ~amo~a O{‘ZrMr Yyn gwÕm H$‘r à‘mUmV hmoVo.
6) gar da§~m nÕV
O{‘ZrMm CVma 1 Vo 3 Q>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV Agë`mg CVmamg AmS>do EH$m AmS> EH$ gar da§~o V`ma H$amdoV. XmoZ
da§ã`mÀ`m‘Yrb gar‘Üò nmdgmMo nmUr {Oê$Z Amobmì`mMo à‘mUmV dmT> hmoVo Am{U dmhUmè¶m nmÊ¶mbm AQ>H$md Pmë¶m‘wio
O{‘ZrMr Yyn H$‘r à‘mUmV hmoVo.
256 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

7) O¡{dH$ ~m§Y
`m nÕVrV g‘nmVir aofoV CVmamZwgma R>am{dH$ A§Vamda JdVmMr bmJdS> H$amdr. Ë`mgmR>r ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f
{dÚmnrR>mZo {e\$mag Ho$boë`m ‘Ðmg A§OZ, ‘madob, ‘moi, {W{‘S>m, ZrbJdV BË`mXr JdVmMm dmna H$amdm. `m nÕVr‘Üò
AnYmdmMr JVr O¡{dH$ ~m§YmOdi H$‘r hmoVo. Ë`m‘wio EH$ àH$maMr Z¡g{J©H$ JmiUr V`ma hmoD$Z AnYmdmgmo~V dmhÿZ
Ambobo ‘mVrMo H$U AS>{dbo OmVmV d YwnoMo à‘mU H$‘r hmoD$Z O{‘ZrV Amobmdm dmT>Vmo.
8) AY©dVw©imH$ma da§~m
hr nÕV OmñV CVmamÀ`m d CWi O{‘Zr‘Üò \$i~mJm§gmR>r {deof Cn`wº$ Amho. `m nÕVr‘Üò PmS>mÀ`m AmOy~mOyMr
‘mVr AmoTy>Z CVmambm AmS>dm AY©dVy©imH$ma da§~m PmS>mÀ`m ~w§Ü`mnmgyZ ImbÀ`m ~mOyg 1 Vo 2 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda V`ma H$amdm.
`m da§ã`m‘wio nmdgmMo nmUr da§ã`mÀ`m C§Mrn`ªV AS>{dbo OmD$Z hiyhiy OmJodaM O{‘ZrV ‘waVo. Ë`mMm PmS>m§À`m dmT>rg
Mm§Jbm Cn`moJ hmoVmo.
9) AmÀN>mXZo
nrH$ bmJdS>rV AmÀN>mXZm§Mm Cn`moJ Ho$bm Va nrH$ bhmZ AdñWoV AgVmZm nmdgm‘wio hmoUmè`m YwnonmgyZ O{‘ZrMo
g§ajU hmoVo. Ë`mMà‘mUo ~mînr^dZmZo dmVmdaUmV OmUmao nmUr amoIbo OmD$Z O{‘ZrVrb Amobmdm OmñV {Xdg {Q>H$dyZ
R>odÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo d {nH$m§darb nmÊ`mMm VmU H$‘r hmoVmo. AmÀN>mXZmgmR>r JìhmMm ^wgm, YgH$Q>o, CgmMo nmMQ>, Q>mH$mD$
H$S>~m, nmbmnmMmoim d ßb°pñQ>H$ nona BË`mXrMm dmna H$aVm òB©b. Iarn, aã~r d CÝhmir VrZhr h§Jm‘mV AmÀN>mXZm§Mm
Cn`moJ H$amdm. darb gd© H$m‘m§à‘mUoM eoVmVyZ dmhUmao nmdgmMo nmUr gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVVir V`ma H$amdrV. `m
eoVVù`m§‘Üò gmR>boë`m nmÊ`mMm Cn`moJ-g§a{jV qgMZmgmR>r H$aVm òB©b. Ë`mMà‘mUo nydu Ho$boë`m ~m§Y ~§{XñVrMr \y$Q>-
VyQ> Pmbr Agë`mg Ë`mMr XwéñVr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr. Ë`m‘wio Z§Va hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm òB©b. da Z‘yX Ho$boë`m gd© CnMma
nÕVrMm Cn`moJ eoVmda ‘wbñWmZr nmUr {Oa{dÊ`mgmR>r hmoVmo. eoVmda ‘wbñWmZr nmUr [Oaë`m‘wio O{‘ZrV Amobmì`mMo
à‘mU dmTy>Z n`m©`mZo `mMm nrH$ dmT>rda Mm§Jbm n[aUm‘ {XgyZ òVmo Ago ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo Ho$boë`m
g§emoYZmdê$Z {XgyZ Ambo Amho.

$ $
lr gwJr
g§nH©$
OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa , \$moZ - (02426) 243373
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 257

EH$mpË‘H$ VU ì¶dñWmnZ
VU {Z¶§ÌUmÀ¶m nÕVr
1. à{V~§YmË‘H$ Cnm`
VUm§Mm àmXÿ^m©d d VUm§Mr dmT> hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ dmnaë`m OmUmè`m nÕVtMm g‘mdoe à{V~§YmË‘H$ Cnm¶m§‘Ü¶o hmoVmo. CXm.
à‘m{UV {~`mUo dmnaUo, VU{dahrV {~`mUo noaUo, nrH$ noaUrnydu VUm§Mm Zm`ZmQ> H$aUo. nyU© Hw$Obobo eoUIV/H§$nmoñQ>> IV
dmnaUo, O{‘ZrMr nyd© ‘emJV `mo½` [aVrZo H$aUo, eoVmMo ~m§Y nmÊ¶mÀ¶m Mmar/nmQ> d eoVmVrb añVo VU {dahrV R>odUo BË¶mXr.
2. {ZdmaUmË‘H$ Cnm`
VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d Pmë`mZ§Va VUm§Mr Vrd«Vm H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamd`mÀ`m gd© nÕVr `m àH$mamV ‘moS>VmV. CXm.
1 ^m¡{VH$ d `m§{ÌH$ nÕVtMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. CXm. hmVmZo VU CnQ>Uo, H$moinUr, IwanUr, Im§XUr, ‘emJV,
H$mnUr, N>mQ>Ur, VU joÌmV nmUr gmR>dUo, OmiUo, AmÀN>mXZ H$aUo B.
2. ñnYm©Ë‘H$ ObX dmT>Umar [nHo$ KoUo, `mo½` nrH$ nÕVtMm d ¶mo½¶ noaUr nÕVrMm Adb§~ H$aUo, hoŠQ>ar amonm§Mr g§»`m
¶moJ R>odUo, `mo½` nrH$ \o$anmbQ>, Am§Va[nH$ nÕVr§Mm Adb§~ H$aUo, IVo d nmUr XoÊ¶mÀ¶m gwYm[aV nÕVtMm dmna H$aUo
BË`mXr({~Ja I{M©H$ nÕVr) _meJV nÕVr Am§VJ©V òVmV.
3. O¡{dH$ nÕVrZo VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aUo.
4. amgm`{ZH$ nÕVrZo VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aUo.
VU ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m {d{dY nÕVr dmnê$Z Ë¶m§Mo {XgyZ ¶oUmao Ano{jV n[aUm‘ d {d{eï> àH$maÀ¶m nÕVrMm
Adb§~ H$amd`mMr eŠ`Vm Imbrb Jmoï>tda Adb§~yZ AgVo.
A. VUm§Mm àH$ma d Ë`mZo ì`mnbobo joÌ.
~. hdm‘mZ n[apñWVr.
H$. Ë`m {d^mJmMr Am{W©H$ d gm‘m{OH$ n[apñWVr.
S>. VU ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m {d{dY nÕVr, Am{W©H$ ~mOy d dmnamd¶mÀ¶m nÕVrMr H$m`©j‘Vm.
Aem AZoH$ ~m~tMm {dMma H$ê$Z, VUm§Mo ì¶dñWmnZ `mo½` àH$mao H$aÊ`mgmR>r EH$M nÕV Z dmnaVm AZoH$ nÕVtMr
¶mo½¶ gm§JS> Kmbmdr bmJVo. `mbmM "EH$mpË‘H$ VU ì¶dñWmnZ' nÕV Ago åhUVmV.
EH$mpË‘H$ VU ì¶dñWmnZ nÕV

1. noaUrZ§Va bJoM nrH$ d VUo CJdUr noaUrZ§Va 1-2 H$moinÊ`m OéarZwgma IwanUr H$aUo
nydu VUZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr H$aUo + H$aUo (¶m§{ÌH$ nÕV) + (¶m§{ÌH$ nÕV)
(amgm`{ZH$ nÕV)
2. noaUrZ§Va 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr IwanUrZ§Va 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr OéarZwgma ‘moR>r VUo hmVmZo
H$moinUr AWdm IwanUr H$aUo + CJdboë`m VUm§da CJdUr Z§Va + CnQy>Z AWdm {dù¶mZo H$mnyZ
(`m§{ÌH$ nÕV) dmnamd¶mÀ¶m VUZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$mT>Uo (¶m§{ÌH$ nÕV)
H$aUo. (amgm`{ZH$ nÕV)
3. noaUrZ§Va bJoM nrH$ d VUo CJdUr 30-35 {Xdgm§Zr CJdboë`m VUm§da OéarZwgma ‘moR>r VUo hmVmZo
nydu VUZmeH$mMr \$dmamUr + VUZmeH$mMr \$dmaUr H$aUo + CnQy>Z AWdm {dù¶mZo H$mnyZ
H$aUo (amgm`{ZH$ nÕV) (amgm`{ZH$ nÕV) H$mT>Uo (¶m§{ÌH$ nÕV)
258 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

amgm`{ZH$ nÕVrZo {nH$mVrb VUm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
A. {nH$mMo VUZmeH$mMo Zmd {H«$`merb ì`mnmar ì`mnmar CËnmXZ {Z`§{ÌV VUm§Mo àH$ma dmnaÊ`mMr nÕV
H«$. Zmd KQ>H$ CËnmXZ à{V 10 {bQ>a
à‘mU ({H$./{b. nmÊ`m H$arVm
(à{V ho.) /ho.) (J«°‘/{‘br)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1) ^mV 1)A°Pr‘gëâ¶wam°Z 35 J«°‘ 70 J«°‘ 2.30 J‘°« JdVdJu` d é§X nmZmMr nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d
A) noa^mV 50% S>rE’$ VUo VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ’$dmamdo
2) ~rgnm¶ar~°H$ 20 J«°‘ 200 {‘br. 6 {‘br é§X nmZmMr d H$mhr nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d
gmoS>r¶‘ 10% Eg.gr. JdVdJu` VUo VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ’$dmamdo
3) ã¶wQ>m³bmoa 5% 1.25 Voo 2.00 25 Vo 40 - nmÊmbìhmim d nmIS> nrH$ noaUrZ§Va ¶mo½¶ à‘mUmV
XmUoXma (OrAma) {H$bmo J«°‘ d é§X nmUm§Mr VUo XmUoXma VUZmeH$ EH$gmaIo
’$moH$mdo.
4) gm¶h°bmo\$m°n ã`yQ>rb 75 Vo 80 J«°‘ 750 Vo 800 15 Vo 16 nmIS>, H$m±J«og JdV, noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
10% B.gr. {‘br {_br bìhmim ’$dmamdo
5) ’o$Zm°³Pmàm°n nr BWrb 6.7 56.60 Vo 812 Vo 875 16 Vo 18 nmIS noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
Q>³Ho$ B©.gr. 60.38 J‘°« {‘br {_br ’$dmamdo
6) Am°p³Pâbmoa’oo$Z 100 Vo 150 425 Vo 640 10 Vo 12 ~arMer ê§$X d Aê§$X nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d
23.5% B.gr. J«°‘ {‘br. {_br nmZmMr VUo VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ’$dmamdo.
7) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 1 Vo 1.5 3.3 Vo 5.0 60 Vo 80 ~arMer ê§$X d Aê§$X nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d
30% B©.gr. {H$bmo {bQ>a {_br nmZmMr VUo VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ’$dmamdo.
8) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 1 Vo 1.5 20 Vo 30 - ~arMer ê§$X d Aê§$X nrH$ noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d
5% XmUoXma {H$bmo {H$bmo nmZmMr VUo VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ’$dmamdo.
9) n°am³dmQ> S>m¶³bmo- 0.3 Vo 1.25 Vo 3.5 25 Vo 70 gd© àH$maMr VUo nrH$ noaUrnydu VUo CJdbr
amB©S >24% EgEb 0.8 {H$bmo {bQ>a {_br Agë¶mg VUmda ’$dmê$Z
Z§Va noaUr/Q>moH$U H$amdr.
10) 2,4-S>r gmo{S>¶‘ 1 Vo 1.5 1.25 Vo 2.5 Vo ê§$X nmZmMr VUo nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 25 Vo 30
jma {H$bmo 1.80 {H$bmo 3.5 J«°‘ {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
~. nwZ©bmJU 1) A{Zbmoo’$m°g 18%Bgr 0.30 Vo 1.66 Vo 30 Vo nmadS>, nmZbìhmim amon bmdUr Z§Va 3-4
^mV 0.40 {H$bmo 2.50 50 ‘mH$m, bìhmim d {Xdgm§Zr VUZmeH$
{bQ>a J«°‘ nmÊ¶mVrb VUo ’$dmamdo
2) A°{Zbmo’$m°g 30% Bgr 0.30 Vo 1.0 Vo 20 Vo nmadS>, nmZbìhmim amon bmdUr Z§Va 3-4
0.450 1.5 30 ‘mH$m, bìhmim d {Xdgm§Zr VUZmeH$
{H$bmo {bQ>a {‘br nmÊ¶mVrb VUo ’$dmamdo
3) A°{Zbmo’$m°g 2% XmUoXma 0.4 Vo 20 Vo - -&& - amonbmdUr Z§Va 3-4

0.5 25 {Xdgm§Zr VUZmeHo$
{H$bmo {H$bmo EH$gmaIo ’$moH$mdo
4) A°Pr‘gë’$¶wam°Z 50% S>rE’$ 35 J«°‘ 70 J«°‘ 2.30 ê§$X nmZmMr d JdV dJu¶ amon bmdUr Z§Va 3-4
J«°‘ VUo {Xdgm§Zr VUZmeH$
’$dmamdo.
5) ~oZgë’$¶wam°Z 60 J«°‘ 100 2.0 -&& - amon bmdUr Z§Va VrZ
{‘WmB©b 60% S>rE’$ J«°‘ J«°‘ {Xdgm§Zr qH$dm amon
bmdUrZ§Va 20
{Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
6) ~rgnm¶ar~°H$ gmoS>r¶‘ 20 J««°‘ 200 4 nmIS> d bìhmir amon bmdUr Z§Va 3

10% Eggr {‘br {‘br {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
7) ã¶yQ>m³bmoa 50% Bgr 1.25 Vo 2.5 Vo 50 Vo bìhmim, nmIS> amon bmdUr Z§Va 3-4
2.00 {H$bmo 4.00 80 ‘mH$m d BVa H$mhr {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
{bQ>a {‘br ê§$X nmZmMr VUo
8) grZ‘o{WbrZ 75 Vo 750 15 Vo nmZbìhmim d amon bmdUr Z§Va 3-4

10% Bgr 100 J«°‘ {‘br Vo 20 nmÊ¶mVrb VUo {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
1.0 {b. {‘br
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 259

9) ³bmo‘°PmoZ 50% Bgr 0.4 Vo 0.5 800 {‘br 16 Vo nm»mS>, bìhmim amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo
{H$bmo Vo 1.0 20 B. VUo 4 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
{bQ>a {‘br
10) ³bmo[aå¶yam°Z 6 J«°‘ 24 J«°‘ - bìhmim, ‘mH$m amon bmdUr Z§Va 15 Vo
BWmB©b 25% S>ãë¶y.nr. Ho$Zm d nmIS> 20 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
M§XZ~Q>dm B. VUo
11) 2,4-S>r B.B. 1.0 {H$bmo 25 bìhmim d ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 30
{H$bmo -
4.5% OrAma nmZmMr VUo {Xdgm§Zr XmUoXma VUZmeH$
EH$gmaIo ’$moH$mdo.
12) BWm°p³Pgë’$¶wam°Z 12.5 Vo 15 83.3 Vo - bìhmim d ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 15 Vo
15% S>ãë¶yS>rOr J«°‘ 100 J«°‘ nmZmMr VUo 20 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
13) ’o$Zm°p³Pàm°n nr 56.25 J«°‘ 625 12.5 nm»mS> amon bmdUrZ§Va 10 Vo

BWmBb 9.3% Bgr {‘br {‘br 15 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
14) ’$ë¶w’o$ZmgoQ> 120 J«°‘ 200 J«°‘ 4 J«°‘ nm»mS> bìhmim amon bmdUr Z§Va 10 Vo
60% S>rE’$ 15 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
15) E‘grnrE, A‘mB©Z jma 0.80 Vo 2.0 2 Vo 5 40 Vo bìhmim d nmÊ`mVrb amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo 4
40% S>ãby Eg gr {H$bmo {H$bmo 100 ê§$X nmZmMr VUo {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
{_br
16) ‘oQ>gë’$¶wam°Z 4 J«°‘ 20 J«°‘ - bìhmim d ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 10 Vo
{‘WmB©b 20% S>ãë¶y.nr. nmZmMr VUo 15 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
17) Am°aWmogë’$¶yam°Z 60 Vo 75 150 - bìhmim d ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo 4 {Xdgm§Zr
50%S>ãë¶y.Or. J«°‘ J«°‘ nmZmMr VUo XmUoXma VUZmeH$ EH$gmaIo \$moH$mdo.
18) Am°³PmS>m¶aOrb 100 J«°‘ 0.125 - nm»mS>, bìhmim d amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo
80% S>ãë¶y.nr. {H$bmo ê§§$X nmZmMr VUo 4 {Xdgm§Zr. ’$dmamdo.
19) Am°³PmS>m¶aOrb 100 J«°‘ 1.66 {b. 33 nm»mS>, bìhmim d amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo
6% Bgr {‘br ê§§$X nmZmMr VUo 4 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
20) Am°³PmS>m¶PmoZ 0.5 {H$bmo 2.0 {b. 40 bìhmim, ‘mH$m amon bmdUr Z§Va 3 Vo
25% Bgr {‘br nmIS> d ê§$X 4 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
nmZmMr VUo
21) Am°p³Pâbmoa’o$Z 100 Vo 150 30 Vo 40 - bìhmim,H$mhr ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 3
0.35 Or Ama J«°‘ {H$bmo d Aê§$X nmZmMr {Xdgm§V XmUoXma
VUo VUZmeH$ EH$ gma»¶m
à‘mUmV bdU joÌmV
’$moH$mdo.
22) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 1.0 Vo 1.5 3.3 Vo 60 Vo ~arMer h§Jm‘r amon bmdUr Z§Va 3
30% Bgr {H$bmo 5.0 100 JdVdJu¶ d ê§$X {Xdgmn¶ªV VUZmeH$
{bQ>a {‘br nmZmMr VÊmo ’$dmamdo.
23) àoQ>rbm³bmoa 37% 0.60 Vo 1.5 Vo 30 Vo bìhmim, nmIS>, _mH$m amon bmdUr Z§Va 3
B S>ãë¶y. 0.75 {H$bmo 1.8 35 H$mhr JdVdJu¶ d ê§$X {Xdgmn¶ªV VUZmeH$
{bQ>a {‘br nmZmMr VUo ’$dmamdo.
24) àoQ>rbm³bmoa 50% Bgr 0.5 Vo 0.75 1 Vo 1.5 20 Vo bìhmim, H$mhr amon bmdUr Z§Va 3
{H$bmo {bQ>a 30 JdVdJu¶ d ê§$X {Xdgmn¶ªV VUZmeH$
{‘br nmZmMr VUo ’$dmamdo.
25) nm¶amPmogë’$¶wam°Z 10 Vo 15 100 Vo 2 Vo bìhmim, H$mhr amon bmdUr Z§Va 15 Vo
BWmBb 10% S>ãë¶y.nr. J«°‘ 150 J«°‘ 2.5 JdVdJu¶ d ê§$X 20 {Xdgmn¶ªV ’$dmaUo.
J«°‘ nmZmMr VUo
26) A{Zbmo’$m°g 24% + (0.24+0.32) 1 Vo 1.5 20 Vo nm»mS> d ê§$X amon bmdUr Z§Va 15 Vo
2,4 - S>r BB 32% Bgr (0.36+0.48 {bQ>a 30 nmZmMr VUo 20 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
{H$bmo) {‘br
27) ~oZgë’$¶wam°Z 60 +600 10{H$bmo - bìhmim, nmIS> amon bmdUrZ§Va 3-4
{‘WmB©b 0.6% + J«°‘ H$mhr JdVdJu¶ d {Xdgm§n¶ªV VUZmeH$
àoQ>rbm³bmoa 6% XmUoXma pìXXbdJu¶ VUo EH$gmaIo ’$moH$mdo.
28) ³bmo‘°PrZ 20%+ 0.250- 1.25 {b 25 nm»mS>, bìhmim d amon bmdUr Z§Va 10
2,4.S>r BB 30% Bgr 0.375 {H$bmo {‘br ~arMer ê§$X nmZmMr VUo 15 {Xdgmn¶ªV
260 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

29) ‘Qo>gë’w$¶am°Z {‘WmB©b 10%+ 4 J«°‘ 20 J«°‘ - nm»mS>, bìhmim d amon bmdUr Z§Va 3
³bmoarå¶yam°Z BWmBb 10% S>ãë¶y.nr. ~arMer ê§$X {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
nmZmMr VUo
2) Ádmar 1) A°Q´>°PrZ 50% 1 Vo 2 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 40 Vo h§Jm_r JdVdJu` d é§X nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu hoŠQ>ar
Am{U ~mOar S>ãë¶w nr {H$bmo 80 J«°‘ nmZmMr VUo 500 Vo 600 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr.
2) 2,4-S>r gmoS>r`‘ 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo 1.25 Vo 25 Vo dm{f©H$ d ~hþdm{f©H$ é§X nrH$ noaUrZ§Va 3 Vo 4 AmR>d-
80% S>ãë¶w nr 1.8 {H$bmo 36 J«°‘ nmZm§Mr VUo S>çm§Zr hoŠQ>ar 500{b. Vo 600
{b. nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
3) A°bmŠbmoa 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo 4 Vo 5 80 Vo dm{f©H$ JdVdJu` d é§X nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu hoŠQ>ar
50% B©.gr. {H$bmo 100 {‘br nmZm§Mr VUo 500 Vo 600 {b.nmÊ`mVyZ
’$dmamdo.
Ádmar 4) 2,4-S>r BWmBb 1 {H$bmo 2.94 {bQ>a 60 {_br bìhmim, Hw§$Oé, XþYZr, noaUrZ§Va 25 Vo 30 {Xdgm§Zr
BñQ>a 38% Bgr B. é§X nmZmMr VUo \$dmamdo.
3) ‘H$m 1) A°Q´>°PrZ 1 Vo 2 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 40 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr d JdVdJu` nrH$ CJdUrnydu hoŠQ>ar 500
50% S>ãë¶w nr {H$bmo 80 J«°‘ VUo Vo 600 {b.nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
2) 2,4-S>r gmoS>r`‘ 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo 1.25 {H$bmo 25 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr VUo nrH$ d VUo CJdë`mda 3 Vo 4
80% S>ãë¶w nr 36 J«°‘ AmR>dS>çm§Zr hoŠQ>ar 450 Vo
500 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
3) A°bmŠbmoa 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo 4 Vo 5 80 Vo JdVdJu` VUo d é§X nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu hoŠQ>ar
50% B©.gr. {bQ>a 100{‘br nmZm§Mr VUo 500 Vo 600 {b.nmÊ`mVyZ
’$dmamdo.
4) 2,4-S>r S>m¶‘Worb 0.5 {H$bmo 0.86 {bQ>a 17 {‘br bìhmbm d é§X nmZm§Mr noaUrZ§Va 30-35 {Xdgm§Zr
A‘mBZ© jma 58% B.©gr. VUo ho 400 Vo 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr.
5) 2,4 - S>r B.B. 0.9 {H$bmo 2.65 {bQ>a 20 {‘br -&&- - &&-
38% Bgr
6) S>m¶yam°Z 80% 0.8 {H$bmo 1.0 {H$bmo 20 {‘br h§Jm‘r JdV dJu¶ d nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu ho
S>ãby. nr. H$mhr ê§$X nmZm§Mr VUo 500 Vo 600 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr.
4) Jhÿ 1)A) 2,4-S>r 0.5 Vo 0.75 0.860 Vo 17 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr VUo 2,4 S>r ho VUZmeH$ JìhmÀ¶m dmT>r-
S>m¶‘oWrb A‘mB©Z {H$bmo 1.29 {bQ>a 20 {‘br À¶m AdñWoer g§doXZerb Agë¶m‘wio
¶m VUZme§H$mMr ’$dmaUr OmñVrVOmñV
jma 58% B©.gr. ’w$Q>ì¶mÀ¶m AdñWoV H$amdr. doioda
~) 2,4-S>r BWrb BñQ>a 0.45 Vo 0.75 1.32 Vo 26 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr VUo noaUrÀ¶m Jìhm‘Ü¶o noaUrZ§Va 35 Vo
38% B©.gr. {H$bmo 2.20 {bQ>a 44 {‘br 45 {Xdgm§Zr Ceram noaUr‘Ü¶o 45 Vo
55 [Xdgm§Zr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
H$$) 1)2,4-S>r gmo{S>¶‘ jma 0.500 Vo 0.625 Vo 12 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr VUo noaUrZ§Va 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr
80% S>ãë¶wnr 0.840 {H$bmo 1 {H$bmo 25 {‘br ’$dmamdo.
2) H$ma’o$ÝQ´>oPmoZ 20 J«°_ 50 J_°« - ê$§X nmZmMr VUo {defoV… noaUrZ§Va 25-30 {Xdgm§Zr
40 S>r E’$ MmX§dbo VUmMo {Z`Ì§U ’$dmamdo
MmJ§bo hmVo.o
3) _Qo>´rã`P
y rZ 0.175 Vo 0.210 0.250 Vo 5 Vo H$°Zam JdV MX§Z ~Q>dm VgM
o naoUrZV§a 30-35 {XdgmZ§r
70% S>ãë¶w nr _Ü`_ O_rZ 0.300 {H$bmo 6 J_°« hJ§m_r JdV dJr`© d éX§ ’$dmamdo
nmZmMr VUo
4) ’$oZmŠ°Pmàmn° - nr 0.100 Vo 0.120 1.00 Vo 20 Vo H$°Zam JdVmMo {Z`Ì§U, naoUr ZV§a 4 Vo 6 AmR>dS>çmZ§r
BWmBb © 10% Bgr ^mar O_rZr H$arVm 1.20 24 {_br ê$§X nmZmMr VUo OJ§br `m VUZmeH$mM§r ’$dmaUr H$oë`m-
{b. AmQo> VUmMo {Z`Ì§U ZV§a 1 AmR>dS>çmZo 2, 4-S>r
MmJ§bo hmVoo VWm{n ê$§X `m VUZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr ê$§X
nmZmMo {Z`Ì§U hmVo Zmhr. nmZo VU {Z`Ì§UmgmR>r H$amdr.
5) E‘.gr.nr.E. A‘mBZ 1.0 {H$bmo 2.5 {H$bmo 50 J‘«° éX§ nmZmMr VUo VUZmeH$mMr nrH$ d VUo
jma 40% S>ãë¶nyr CJdÊ¶mndyu qH$dm nrH$ CJdUr
ZV§a 16 Vo 18 {XdgmZ§r
’$dmaUr H$amdr.
6) ‘Wom~W|rPawmZ° 70% 1.05 Vo 1.40 1.5 Vo 21 Vo OJ§br AmQo>, H$°Zam JdV VUZmeH$ nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶m-
S>ãë¶nwr {H$bmo 2.0 {H$bmo 28 J‘°« VgMo H$mhr éX§ nmZmMr ndyu qH$dm naoUrZV§a 30
VUo {XdgmZ§r 500 Vo 700 {bQ>a
nmÊ¶mVZy ’$dmamd.o
7) ‘Qo>gëâ¶aymZ° ‘WomBb
© 4 J‘°« 20 J‘°« - éX§ nmZmMr VUo VUZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr nrH$ d
20% S>ãë¶nyr VUo CJdÊ¶mndyr© h³oQ>ar 500
{bQ>a nmÊ¶mVZy ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 261

8) nS|>r‘WombrZ 1.0 {H$bmo 3.3 {bQ>a 70 {‘br H$mhr dm{fH©$ JdV dJu¶ VUZmeH$ nrH$ d VUo CJ{dÊ¶m-
30% Bgr d éX§ nmZmMr VUo ndyu h³oQ>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVZy
’$dmamd.oO{‘ZrV Ambo mdm Agmdm.
9) Q>´m¶bQo> 50% Bgr 1.25 {H$bmo 2.5 {H$bmo 50 {‘br OJ§br AmQo> Jhÿ naoUrndyu VUZmeH$ O{‘Zrd
’$dméZ ‘mVrV MmJ§bo {‘gimd.o
d Ë¶mZV§a JìhmMr naoUr 5 Vo 7
g‘or Imb o H$amdr.
10) ³bmSo>rZm’o$mn° àmnomaOrb 15%+ 60 + 4 400 J‘°« 8 J‘°« H$mhr JdV dJu¶ d éX§ VUZmeH$m‘Ü¶o 1250 {‘br ga’$oH$Q>Q§>
‘Qo>gëâ¶aymZ° ‘WomBb © 1% S>ãë¶nyr nmZmMr VUo {‘giZy 375 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVZy naoUrZV§a
20{XdgmZ§r ’$dmamd.o
5) ~mbu AmoQ 1) 2,4-S>r (gmoS>r`‘) 1 Vo 1.5 1.25 Vo 1.8 25 Vo 36 é§X nmZm§Mr VUo CJdUrZ§Va 4-5 AmR>dS>çm§Zr
+2% ¶w[a`m {‘br {nH$mg ’w$Q>do ’w$Q>Ê`mMo doir
VUZmeH$ hoŠQ>ar 800 {b.
nmÊ`mVyZ Úmdo. VUZmeH$
’$dmaë`mZ§Va 10-12 {Xdg
nmUr XoD$ Zò.
2) Am`gmàomQo>çaymZ° 0.750 Vo 1 Vo 1.33 20 Vo 27 dm{fH©$ JdVdJr`© d ê$§X nrH$ d VU CJdÊ`mnydu qH$dm
75% S>ãë`y nr 1.00 nmZmM
§ r VUo noaUrZ§Va 25-30 {Xdgm§Zr
6) H$nmer 1) Q´>m°`âbwa°{bZ 48% Bgr 1 Vo 1.5 2 Vo 3 40 Vo 80 é§X nmZm§Mr d JdVdJu¶ noaUr/bmJdS>rnydu hbŠ`m
VUo dIamZo 3-5 g|.‘r. Imob
{‘gimdo.
2) AmŠPrâë`wAmoa’o$Z 0.15 Vo 0.25 0.6 Vo 1.0 12 Vo 20 dm{f©H$ JdVo d é§X CJdUrnydu ’$dmamdo.
23.5% Bgr nmZm§Mr JdVo
3) A°bm³bmoa 50% 2 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo 4 Vo 5 {b 80 Vo h§Jm‘r JdVdJu¶ d é§X noaUrZ§Va nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶m-
Bgr 100 {‘br nmZmMr VUo nydu ho³Q>ar 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr
4) ’o$Zm°³gmàm°n nr 67.5 J‘°« 750 {‘br 15 {‘br h§Jm‘r JdV dJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va 20-25 {Xdgm§Zr
BWmB©b 9.3% Bgr ho³Q>ar 400 Vo 500 {b.
nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
5) ½bw’$mo{gZoQ> A‘mo{Z¶m‘ 0.375 Vo 2.5 Vo 50 Vo 60 bìhmim, JdV dUu¶ d {~Z {ZdS>H$ VUZmeH$ hþS>
13.5% Eg Eb 0.500 {H$ 3.3 {b {‘br é§X nmZm§Mr VUo bmdyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr. {nH$mda
nS>Uma Zmhr ¶m§Mr XjVm ¿¶mdr.
’$º$ VUmda S>m¶ao³Q>oS> ’$dmaUr
ho³Q>ar 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ
H$mnyg {nH$mMr C§Mr 15 g|.‘r.
AgVmZm H$amdr.
6) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 30% Bgr 0.750 Vo 1.25 2.5 Vo 4.0 50 Vo 80 h§Jm‘r H$mhr JdV dJu¶ noaUrZ§Va nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶m-
{H$bmo {H$bmo {‘br d é§X nmZmMr VUo nydu ho³Q>ar 500 br. nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr. ’$dmaUrÀ¶m
doir O{‘ZrV Amob Agmdr.
7) nm¶ar{WAmo~°H$ gmoS>r¶‘ 10% 62.5 Vo 75 J‘°« 625 Vo 12 Vo 15 H$mhr JdV dJu¶ d noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
S>ãë¶w nr. 750 {H$ {‘br ~arMer é§X nmZmMr VUo ho 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ
VUZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
8) ³¶wP°bo’$m°n BWmBb 5% Bgr 37.5 Vo 50 J‘°« 750 Vo 15 Vo 20 JdVdJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va 20 {Xdgm§Zr ho³Q>ar
1000 {‘br 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ VUZme-
H$mMr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
7) Vya,‘yJ d 1) A°bmŠbmoa 50% Bgr qH$dm 2 Vo 2.5 4 Vo 5 80 Vo é§X nmZm§Mr dm{f©H$ VU d nrH$ noaUrZ§Va nrH$ VUo CJd-
CS>rX 100 {‘br JdVdJr©` VUo Ê¶mnydu 500 Vo 600 {b.
nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
2)n|Sr‘oW°brZ 30% Bgr 1 Vo 1.5 3.3 Vo 5 70 Vo JdVdJr©` d é§X darbà‘mUo
100 nmZm§Mr VUo
3) ³¶wP°bmo’$m°n BWmBb 5% Bgr 37.5 Vo 50 J‘°« 750 Vo 15 Vo JdVdJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
1000 {‘br 20 {‘br ho³Q>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
8) gmo`m~rZ 1)A°bmŠbmoa 50% Bgr 2 Vo 2.5 4 Vo 5 80 Vo JdVdJr©` dm{f©H$ VUo nrH$ CJdUrnydu VUZmeH$
100 {‘br d é§X nmZm§Mr VUo 500 Vo 700 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ
Úmdo. VUZmeHo$ dmnamZ§Va
nmUr Ceram Úmdo.
2) Šbmoarå`yam°Z BWmBb 6 Vo 9 J«°_ 30 Vo - dm{f©H$ ê§$X nmZmMr VUo noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr
25% S>ãë¶ynr 40 J«°_ d bìhmim ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
3) _oQ´>rã`wPrZ 70% S>ãby nr 0.350 Vo 500 Vo 10 Vo JdV dJu` ê§$X nmZmMr noaUrZ§Va 1 Vo 2 {Xdgm§Zr
0.525 700 {H$.J«°_ 14 J«°_ VUo ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
262 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

4) ’o$Zm°ŠPmàm°n nr 80 Vo 100 J_°« 0.800 Vo 1.00 16 Vo 20 J«°_ JdV dJu` VUm§Mo Mm§Jbo noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr CJdUr-
BWmBb {Z`§ÌU hmoVo na§Vy ê§$X nmZmÀ`m nyd© BVa VUZmeH$mMm dmna H$ê$Z
VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU ’$mago hmoV Zmhr. Z§Va ’o$Zm°ŠPmàm°nMm dmna H$amdm.
5) n|S>r_oWmbrZ 0.750 Vo 2.50 Vo 3.0 50 Vo 60 {‘br dm{f©H$ JdVdJu` d ê§$X noaUr H$aÊ`mnydu qH$dm noaUrZ§Va nrH$
30% Bgr 1.00 {H$bmo {bQ>a nmUmMr VUo d VUo CdJÊ`mnydu
6) B_°PoWm`na 0.100 1.00 20 {‘br {d{dY JdVdJu` d ê§$X noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 22 {Xdgm§Zr
10% Eg.Eb nmZmMr VUo
7) _oQ´>rã`yPrZ 0.350 Vo 0.500 Vo 10 {‘br {d{dY JdVdJu` d ê§$X noaUrZ§Va 1 Vo 2 {XdgmV
70% S>ãë¶ynr 0.525 0.750 nmZmMr VUo
8) A°{Zbmo’$m°g 1.25 Vo 1.50 4.20 Vo 5.0 80 Vo 100 {‘br nmIS> Ho$bm nm§T>ar ’w$bo B. noaUrZ§Va nrH$ VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu ho³Q>ar
30% Bgr {H$bmo {bQ>a 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
9) ³bmo‘°PmoZ 0.75 Vo 1.0 1.5 Vo 2.0 30 Vo 40 {‘br H$mhr JdV dJu¶ VgoM Ho$Zm, -Ÿ&&-
50% Bgr {H$bmo {bQ>a JmOa, JdV Xÿ. VUo
10) ‘oQ>mob°³bmoa 1.0 {H$bmo 2.0 {bQ>a 40 {‘br bìhmir H$mhr JdV dJu¶ d -Ÿ&&-
50% Bgr é§X nmZmMr VUo
11) àm°n°³¶yP°‘n’$m°n 50 Vo 75 J‘°« 500 Vo 750 10 Vo 15 {‘br JdVdJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr ho³Q>ar
10% Bgr {‘br 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
12)’$ë¶wPr ’$m°n- 125 Vo 1000 20 Vo 40 {‘br nmIS>, hair, bìhmim B. VUZmeH$ + ga’o$³Q>§Q> 0.2%
nr ã¶wQ>rb 250 J«°‘ Vo 2000 JdVdJu¶ VUo (Am¶gmo Am°p³Q>b {’$Zm°p³Pb nmobr-
13.4% Bgr {‘br PoWoZm°b) ho.300 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
noaUrZ§Va 22-20{Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
13)n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 580 Vo 1500 Vo 1750 30 Vo 35 ‘mQ>,Kmoi,XþYZr {ndir {VidU noaUrZ§Va na§Vw nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶m-
38.7% grEg 677 J«°‘ {‘br {_br d ~arMer JdVdJu¶ VUo nydu ’$dmamdo.
14) ³¶yP°bmo’$m°n 37.5 Vo 50 750 Vo 1000 15 Vo 20 {‘br JdVdJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va 20-22 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
B©Wrb 5%Bgr J«°‘ {‘br nmIS> d {M‘U Mmam B.
15) ³¶yP°bmo’$m°n 30 Vo 40 750 Vo 15 Vo 20 {‘br gd© àH$maMr noaUrZ§Va 20-22 {Xdgm§Zr ’$dmamdo.
§ nr-Q>oâ¶warb J«°‘ 1000 {‘br JdVdJu¶ VUo
4.41% Bgr
16) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ (750+50) 2.5 Vo 3 {bQ>a 50 Vo 60 {‘br nmIS>, Hw§$Oê$, na§Vw nrH$ d noaUrZ§Va
30%+B‘°PmW°- (900+60) Ho$Zm,‘mQ>, Kmoi B. VU CJdÊ¶mnydu ’$dmamdo.
na 2% Bgr J«°‘
9) gy`©’w$b n|Sr‘oW°brZ 30% 1 {H$bmo 3.33 {bQ>a 70 Vo 100 {‘.br. é§X nmZm§Mr dm{f©H$ JdVdJu` nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu 500 Vo 600
Bgr VUo {b.nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
10) haâm, n|S>r‘oW°brZ 30% 0.750 Vo 2.5 Vo 3.3 70 Vo 100 é§X nmZm§Mr d dm{f©H$ ~r noê$Z bmJbrM nmUr Úmdo. nrH$
‘gwa d Bgr 1.00 {H$bmo {H$bmo {‘.br. JdVdJu` VUo d VU CJdUrnwdu ’$dmaUo + noaUr-
dmQ>mUm Z§Va 35 {Xdgm§Zr EH$ IwanUr
‘oQ>mob°³bmoa 50% 1.0 Vo 1.5 2 Vo 3 {bQ>a 40 Vo 60 {‘br h§Jm‘r dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ d noaUrZ§Va nrH$ d VUo CJ{dÊ¶mnydu
Bgr {H$bmo H$mhr é§X nmZmMr VUo ho 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ VUZmeH$
’$dmamdo.
dmQ>mUm ‘oQ´>rã¶yPrZ 70% 0.250 {H$bmo 0.350 {H$bmo 7.0 J«°_ ~arMer dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ VUo noaUrZ§Va nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu
S>ãë¶ynr, dmQ>mUm d H$mhr à‘mUmV bìhmim qH$dm noaUrZ§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr
nrH$m H$arV ’$º$ ho 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
haâm d Am°p³g³bmoa’o$Z 0.100 Vo 400 Vo 500 8 Vo 10 {‘br ~arMer JdV dJu¶ d a§X noaUrZ§Va nrH$ d VUo CJdUrnydu ho
dmQ>mUm 23.5% Bgr 0.125 {H$bmo {‘br nmZmMr VUo 500 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ VUZmeH$ ’$dmamdo
11) D$g 1) A°Q´>°PrZ 50% 1 Vo 2 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 {H$bmo 40 Vo 90 J«°_ é§X nmZm§Mr d dm{f©H$ bmJUrZ§Va na§Vw VUo CJdÊ`mnydu ho
S>ãë¶ynr JdVdJr©` VUo 700 Vo 1000 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
2)2,4-S>r B B 1.2 Vo 1.8 3.53 Vo 5.29 70 Vo 105 {‘br é§X nmZm§À`m VUmgmR>r D$g CJdë`mZ§Va 30 Vo 35 {Xdgm§Zr
38% Bgr {H$bmo {bQ>a 500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 263

3) ½bm`’$mogoQ> 0.8 Vo 1.0 1.95 Vo 2.5 40 Vo 50 ~hþdm{f©H$ JdVdJu` d é§X nrHo$ d VUo CJdUrZ§Va hoŠQ>ar 450
41% Eg Eb {H$bmo {bQ>a {_br nmZm§Mr VUo Vo 500 {b. nmÊ`mVyZ gar‘Ü¶o
’$dmamdo. {nH$mda nSy> XoD$ Zò.
ñnoJmS>©Mm dmna H$amdm. {~Z {ZdS>H$
VUZmeH$ ’$dmaVmZm H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
4) _oQ´>rã`wPrZ 70% 1.00 Vo 1.5 1.5 Vo 2.25 30 Vo 45 J«°_ é§X nmZmMr d dm{f©H$ JdV _oQ´>rã`wPrZ VUZmeH$mMr ’$dmaUr
S>ãë¶ynr {H$bmo {H$bmo dJu¶ nrH$ d VUo CJdÊ`mnydu à{V ho
gmoS>r¶‘ jma 90 500 nmÊ`mVyZ H$amdr d D$g bmJd-
S>ãë¶ynr S>rZ§Va 75 {Xdgm§Zr 2, 4-S>r `m
VUZmeH$mMr à{V hoŠQ>ar 500 Vo
700 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
Ë`m_wio D$gmVrb dobdJu` VUm§Mo
CXm. Mm§Xdob, Im§S>Hw$ir `m VUm§Mo
{Z`§ÌU Mm§Jbo hmoVo.
5) 2,4 S>r gmoS>r¶‘ 2.0 Vo 2.60 2.5 Vo 3.25 50 Vo 60 J«°‘ ê§$X nmZmMr VUo D$g nrH$ CJdUrZ§Va ho 500 {b.
jma 80% {H$bmo {H$bmo 600 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
S>ãë¶w nr
6)2,4 S>r S>m¶{‘- 3.5 {H$bmo 6.03 {bQ>a 120 {‘br -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&-
WmB©b A‘mCZ
jma 58%
Eg Eb
7) S>m¶yam°Z 80% 1.5 2.5 50 {‘br bìhmim, Kmoi nmIS>, Ho$Zm D$g d VUo CJdUrnydu ho 500 Vo
S>ãby nr {H$bmo {H$bmo ‘mQ> B. 600 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
8)‘oQ>gëâ¶yam°Z 6 J«°‘ 30 J«°‘ - bìhmim d ê§$X nmZmMr VUo D$g bmdUrZ§§Va 15 Vo 20 {Xdgm§Zr
{‘WmBb 20% CXm. Ho$Um, XþYmZr, Hw$O§ê$, VUZmeH$m‘Ü¶o Zm°Z Am¶m°{ZH$ ga-
S>ãë¶y nr. Kmoi, JmOa JdV B. ’o$³Q>§Q> {‘giyZ nmH$sQ>mda {b{hboë¶m
nÕVrZygma ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
9) ho³PmPrZmoZ 1200 J«°‘ 2.0 {H$bmo 40 J«°‘ JdVdJu¶ d ê§$X nmZm§Mr VUo D$g bmdUrZ§§Va na§Vw D$g d VUo
13.2% + (264+936) CJdUrnydu 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
S>m¶wam°Z 46.8% ’$dmamdo.
S>ãë¶y nr.
11) ^wB©‘yJ 1) n|S>r‘oWrbrZ 1.0 {H$bmo 3.33 {bQ>a 70 {_br Aé§X d é§X nmZmMr VUo noÝS>r‘oWrbrZ nrH d VUo CJdÊ`m-
30% Bgr JdVdJu¶ VUo
nydu d Š`wPmobmoH$m°n BWrb qH$dm
2) Š`wPmobmo’$m° nr 0.05 {H$bmo 1.00 {bQ>a 20 {_br B‘°PoWmnmà noaUrZ§Va 20 {Xdgm§Zr
BWrb
500 {bQ>a nmÊ`mVyZ ’$dmaUr H$amdr
3) B‘°PoWmnmà 0.75 Voo 750 Vo 15 Vo 20 {‘br H$mhr é§X d Aé§X nmZm§Mr VUo
10% EgEb 0.100 1000 {‘br
4) Abm³bmoa 1.5 Vo 2.0 3 Vo 4 {bQ>a 60 Vo 80 {‘br H$mhr JdVdJu¶ d ~arMer VUZmeH$ d nrH$ VUo CJdUrnydu
50% Bgr {H$bmo é§X nmZmMr VUo ho³Q>ar 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ
’$dmamdo.
5)Am°{³Pâbmoa’o$Z 0.100 Vo 425 Vo 850 8.5 Vo 17 {‘br ~arMer JdV dJu¶ d ê§$X VUZmeH$ nrH$ d VUo CJ{dÊ¶mnydu
23.5% Bgr 0.200 {‘br nmZmMr VUo ho 500 {bQ>a nmÊ¶mVyZ ’$dmamdo.
{H$bmo
264 & H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

VUZmeHo$
A. VUZmeH$mMo VUZmeH$mMo à‘mU {H«$¶m{eb ho³Q>ar {H«$¶merb h³oQ>ar ì¶mnmar {Z`§{ÌV VUm§Mm àH$ma dmnaÊ¶mMr ’$dmaUrgmR>r
H«$. gm‘mÝ¶ Zmd ì¶mnmar Zmd KQ>H$ (à_mU) dmnaÊ`mMo à_mU CËnmXZ ({H$./h.o) doi nmUr{bQ>a/ho. eoam
1. A°Q´>PrZ AQ´>mQ>m’ 50% S>ãë¶y. nr. 1 Vo 2 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 {H$bmo é§X nmZmMr d dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ VUo VU CJdUrnydu 500 Vo 700 {ZdS>H$
YZwPrZ bmJdS>rZ§Va
2. A°bm³bmoa b°gmo 50% B.gr. 2.0 Vo 2.5 {H$bmo 4 Vo 5 {b. é§X nmZmMr d dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ VUo VU CJdUrnydu 500 Vo 700 {ZdS>H$
bmJdS>rZ§Va
3. ½b¶’$mogoQ> am§CS>An 41% B.gr. 0.8 Vo 1.6 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 {b. ~hþdm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ VUo dfm©¶y JdV VU CJdUrnydu 500 Vo 700 Am§Vaàdmhr
p³bZAn dJu¶ d é§X nmZmMr VUo bmJdS>rZ§Va {~Z{ZdS>H$
4. ã¶wQ>m³bmoa ~wQ>mgmZ, Vra 50% B.gr. 1 Vo 2 {H$bmo 2.20 Vo 3 {b. dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ d é§X nmZmMr VUo CJdUrnydu 500-600 {ZdS>H$
5. Am¶gmoàmoQ>çwam°Ým Am¶gmoJmS>© 75% S>ãë¶y.nr. 1.10 Vo 1.50{b. 2 Vo 4 {H$bmo dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ CJdUrZ§Va 500-600 {ZdS>H$
6. n||S>r‘oWmbrZ ñQ>m°ån ,noÝS>rñQ>ma 30% B.gr. 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo 3.5 Vo 5 {b. d[abà‘mUo CJdUrnydu 600-700 {ZdS>H$
7. Am°p³gâbmoa’o$Z Jmob, PaJm°Z 23.5% B.gr. 0.15 Vo 0.25 0.6 Vo 1.0 {b. JdVdJu¶ d é§X nmZm§Mr VUo CJdUrnydu 600-700 {ZdS>H$
Amo³grJmoëS> {H$bmo
8. Q´>m¶âë¶wa°{bZ Q>oßbm°Z 48% B.gr. 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo 2.3 Vo 3.4 {b. JdV dJu¶ d é§X nmZm§Mr VUo CJdUrnydu 500-600 {ZdS>H$
9. n°am¹$m°Q> J«‘mo³PmoZ 24% B.gr. 0.5 Vo 1.0 {H$bmo 2 Vo 4 {b. JdV dJu¶ d é§X nmZm§Mr VUo CJdUrZ§Va 500-600 {~Z{ZdS>H$
10. ‘oQ´>rã¶wPrZ goÝH$ma , Q>mQ>m_oQ>ar 70% S>ãë¶y. nr. 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo 1.5 Vo 3.0 {H$bmo JdV dJu¶ d é§X nmZm§Mr VUo CJdUrnydu 750-1000 {ZdS>H$
11. B‘m°{OW°na nagyQ>, bJm_ 10% B.gr. 0.1 Vo 0.15 {H$bmo 0.033 {b. dfm©¶w JdV dJu¶ VUo CJdUrZ§Va 500-600 {ZdS>H$
12. gë’$mogëâ`wam°Z brS>a, g\$b 75% S>ãë¶y. nr. 0.025 {H$bmo 1 Vo 1.5 {H$bmo JdVdJu¶ CJdUrZ§Va 200-250 {ZdS>H$
13. 2, 4 - S>r J«rZdrS>, 80% S>ãë`y. nr 0.750 Vo 2.60 0.860 Vo 3.25 é§X nmUmMr VUo noaUr/bdUr Z§Va 400-600{b. EH$Xb dJu`
drS>H$sb, {H$bmo {H$bmo 20-30 {Xdgm§Zr {nH$mVrb
drS>_ma, Zm°H$ ÛrXb VUm§À`m
drS>, B. {Z`§ÌUmH$[aVm
~rS>ma 96 Cn`wŠV
14. Šbmo[aå`wam°Z Ab{_Šg 20% S>ãë`y. nr 4 J«°_ 20 J«°_ amon bmdU ^mVm amon bmdUrZ§Va 300 amonbmdU ^mV
_oQ>gëâ`yam°Z Vrb nmZ bìhmim 3 {XdgmV ^mV {nH$mVrb VU
{_WmBb é§X nmZmMr VUo {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
15. ~rg nmàr~±H$ AS>moam, Zm°_rZr 10% Bgr 20 J«°_ 100 {_br h§Jm_r EH$Xb d {ÛXb dJu` VUo amon dmQ>rH$ noaUrZ§Va 300 1) ^mV nrH$mVrb
10-12 {Xdgm§Zr gd© àH$maÀ`m
gmoS>r`_ JmoëS> nwZ©bmdU ^mVm_Üò VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU
amon bdUr Z§Va 2) CJdUrZ§Va
10-14 {XdgmZ§Va \$dmaUrgmR>r `moJ
noa^mamV_Üò 3) H$_r VUZmeH$
noaUr Z§Va _mÌo_Üò VUm§Mo
15-25 {Xdgm§Zr {Z`§ÌU Mm§Jbo hmoVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 265

VUZmeHo$
16. _oQ>gëâ`yam°Z AQ>bm§Q>rg 3.6% S>ãë`y. nr 12 + 2.4 J«°_ 400 J«°_ H°$Zam JdVmgh CJdUr Z§Va 400 Vo 500 1) Jhÿ {nH$mVrb
{_WmBb + BVa é§X d BVa VUm§À`m
Am`S>rgëâ`yam°Z {Z`§ÌmUmgmR>r
2) {XK©H$mi d
{_WmB©b gmoS>r`_ gd© àH$mamVrb
266Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU
17. ½bw\$mo{gZoQ> ~ñVm/~mñQ>m 15% Eg.Eb. 375 Vo 205 Vo gd© àH$maMr VUo CJdUr Z§Va 400 Vo 1) ~rZ {ZdS>H$
A_mo{Z`_ 500 J«°_ 3.3 {bQ>a 500 {bQ>a VUZmeH$ {nH$mV
dmnaVmZm hþS>Mm
dmna H$amdm.
2) H$mnyg, {_aMr
^mOrnmbm, Ðmj
qb~, Ho$ir B.
{nH$mV dmnaVm
òVo.
18. Am°pŠPS>màOrb amâQ> 86% 6% Bgr 60 Vo 1.0 Vo bìhmim, EH$Xb d CJdUr nydu 500 {bQ>a ^mV, _mohar d
Bgr, Q>m°nñQ>ma 100 J«°_ 1.67 {bQ>a {ÛXb dJu` VUo {Oam {nH$mg
(10% Cn`wŠV
S>ãë`y nr.) VUZmeH$
19. \o$Zm°ŠPmàm°n amB©g ñQ>ma, 6.9% Bgr 56.6 Vo 812 Vo nmIS> ^mV noaUrZ§Va 500 {bQ>a ^mV {nH$mVrb
nr. BWmBb ìhrn gwna 60.68 J«°_ 1875 {_br qH$dm bdUr Z§Va nmIS> VUmÀ`m
20-25 {Xdgm§Zr {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
20. àoQ>rbm„moa ao\$sQ> 50 Bgr 750 J«°_ 1.5 {bQ>a h§Jm_r EH$Xb d noaUrZ§Va Z§Va 500 {bQ>a noa d amon
{ÛXb dJm©Vrb VUo 3-7 {Xdgmn`ªV bmdU ^mV
{nH$mVrb
ì`mnH$ VU
{Z`§ÌU
21. nmà°Pmogëâ`yam°Z gmWr 10% S>ãë`y nr 25 J«°_ 200 J«°_ é§X nmZm§Mr VUo d goOog amon bdUr Z§Va 500 {bQ>a é§X nmZmMr VUo
BWmBb 20-25 {Xdgm§Zr d bìhmim `m§Mo
H$m`©j_ {Z`§ÌU
22. Am°ŠPmS>m`PrZ amoZñQ>ma 25% Bgr 500 Vo 2- 3 {bQ>a h§Jm_r JdV dJu` d CJdUrnydu qH$dm 500 {bQ>a amon bmdU ^mV
750 J«°_ é§X nmZmMr VUo CJdUrZ§Va bJoM {nH$mVrb gd©
àH$mamVrb
VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU
VUZmeHo$
23. Wm`mo~oZH$m~© g°Q>U© --- 1000 Vo 2-3 {b. qH$dm h§Jm_r JdV dJu` d H$mhr ^mV amon bmdU 500 amon bmdU ^mV
1500 J«°_ 20-25 {H$bmo é§X nmZmMr VUo d Z§Va 6-7 {d^mJmVrb
5% XmUoXma {Xdgm§Zr dm{f©H$
JdV dJu` d
é§X nmZmÀ`m
VZm§Mo {Z`§ÌU
24. A{Zbmo\$m°g AoamoPrZ, 18% Bgr 300 Vo 1.66 Vo nmIS>o, bìhmim, _mH$m B. JdV amon bmdUr Z§Va 500 Amoë`m O{_Zrda
A{ZbmoJmS>© 400 J«°_ 2.22 {bQ>a dJm©` d é§X nmZmMr VUo 3 Vo 5 {XdgmV \$dmamdo. \$dmaUr
Z§Va 2-3 {Xdg
~mV ImMamV
gmR>dy Z`§
25. gm` h°bmo \$m°n pŠbZMa, 10 Bgr 60 Vo 80 J«°_ 600 Vo nmadS> nmaUr Z§Va 500 noa^mV
ã`yQ>rb a°nAn 800 {_br 15-20 {Xdgm§Zr nrH$mVrb
ì`mnH$ VU
{Z`§ÌU
26. BWm°pŠPgë\y$am°Z gZamB©O 15% WDG 12.5 Vo 15 J«°_ 83.3 Vo amon bmdU ^mV {nH$mVrb amon bmdUrZ§Va 500 é§X nmZmÀ`m
100 J«°_ bìhmim ê§$X nmZmMr VUo 10-15 {Xdgm§Zr VUmMo bìhmim
VUmMo CÎm§_
{Z`§ÌU
27. \o$ZmoŠPmàm°n pìhn gwna, 10% Bgr 60 Vo 120 J«°_ 0.80 Vo H°$Zam JdV d nmadS> noaUr Z§Va 25 Vo 500 dm{f©H$ JdV
BWmBb nw_m gwna 1.20 {bQ>a 30 {Xdgm§Zr dJu` VUm§Mo
Mm§Jë`m àH$mao
{Z`§ÌU
28. _oQ>gëâ`yam°Z _oQ>gr, 20% S>ãby nr 4 J«°_ 20 J«°_ h§Jm_r é§X nmZm§Mr VUo d bìhmim noaUr Z§Va 25 Vo 500 ^mV, Jhÿ d
AbJ«rn 30 {Xdgm§Zr D$g {nH$m§Vrb
é§X nmZmMr VUo
d bìhmim
VUm§À`m
{Z`§ÌUmH$[aVm
Cn`wŠV
29 nm`ZmoŠPmS>oZ A°pŠPb 5% Bgr 40 Vo 800 Vo JdV dJu` VUo noaUr Z§Va 25 Vo 500 {nH$mVrb Jhÿ,
50 J«°_ 1000 {_br H°$Zam JdV H$mhr é§X nmZmMr VUo 30 {Xdgm§Zr O§Jbr AmoQ>,
H°$Zam JdV VUm§Mo
CÎm_ {Z`§ÌU
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 267

VUZmeHo$
31. ŠbmoS>rZmo\$m°n Q>m°{nH$ PQ>H$m 15% S>ãë`y nr 60 J«°_ 400 J«°_ H°$Zam JdV d BVa JdV noaUr Z§Va 25 Vo 500 JdV dJu`
àmon°a{Ob dJm©Vrb VUo 30 {Xdgm§Zr VUm§Mo CËH¥$ð>
\$dmamdoV {Z`§ÌU
32. Š`yP°bmo\$m°n Q>aJm gwna 5 % Bgr 40 Vo 50 J«°_ 800 Vo JdV dJu` VUm§Mo {Z`§ÌU noaUr Z§Va 15 Vo 500 gmo`m~rZ, H$mnyg
268& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

BWmBb 1000 {_br 20 {Xdgm§Zr ^wB©_yJ, C{S>X,
\$dmamdoV H$m§Xm, {nH$mVrb
JdV, dJu`
VUm§À`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
33. _oQ>mbmŠbmoa S>çyAb 50 % Bgr 1000 Vo 2 Vo 3 {bQ>a h§Jm_r JdV dJu` VUo d H$mhr é§X noaUr Z§Va 3 500 ^wB©_yJ d
1500 J«±_ nmZmMr VUo {XdgmV gmo`m~rZ
{nH$mVrb
VU
{Z`§ÌUmH$[aVm
34. \o$Zm°ŠPmàm°n pìhn gwna --- 8 + 6 J«°_ 800 + 30 dm{f©H$ JdV dJu` d noaUr Z§Va 20 500 gmo`m~rZ
+ Šbmoarå`yam°Z + Šbmo~oZ é§X nmZm§Mr VUo {Xdgm§Zr {nH$mVrb
qH$dm Q´>mÝP VUm§À`m
{Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
Cn`wº$
VUZmeHo$ ’$dmaVm§Zm ¿¶md¶mMr H$miOr
1. ’$dmaUrgmR>r e³¶Vmo ñdV§Ìn§n Agmdm.
2. O{‘Zrda VUZmeH$m§Mr ’$dmaUr H$aÊ¶mnydu O{‘ZrV nwaogm Amobmdm Agmdr.
3. ’$dmaUr dmam em§V AgVmZm H$amdr
4. ’$dmaUr n§nmgmR>r {e’$maerZwgmaM ZmoPbMm dmna H$amdm d ’$dmaUr H$arVm bmJUmao nmUr R>a{dÊ¶mH$arVm ’$dmaUr n§n H°$br~aoQ> H$éZ ¿¶mdm.
5. VUZmeHo$ nmÊ¶mV {‘giVmZm bmH$S>r H$mR>rMm dmna H$amdm.
6. ’$dmaUr H$aVmZm godZ, Yw‘«nmZ, qH$dm S>moio MmoiUo Q>mimdo.
7. VUZmeHo$ ’$dmaUr H$arVm ñdÀN> nmÊ¶mMm dmna H$amdm, JTy>i nmUr dmnê$ Z¶o.
8. Ano{jV VU {Z¶§ÌUmH$[aVm {e’$maerV VUZmeH$mMr ‘mÌm ({H«$¶merb KQ>H$) ’$dmaUr joÌmda nS>ob ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr.
9. VUZmeH$ IaoXr H$aÊ¶mnydu IaoXr H$amd¶mMm VUZmeH$mMm ’$dmaUr H$amdÀ¶m nrH$mH$arVm bo~b³bo‘ Amho ¶mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
10. VUZmeHo$ ’$dmaUrnydu ’$dmaUr H$amd¶mÀ¶m joÌmOdi Xþgao EImXo VUZmeH$mg g§doXZerb nrH$ Amho qH$dm H$go ¶mMr ImÌr H$éZM d ¶mo½¶ Vr H$miOr KoD$Z
^mOrnmbm {nH$m§Vrb VU ì`dñWmnZ
A. ^mOrnmbm VUZmeH$mMo {H«$¶merb KQ>H$ ì¶mnmar CËnmXZ dmnaÊ¶mMr doi ’$dmè¶mgmR>r VUm§Mm àH$ma VU‘w³V H$mbmdYr eoam
gm‘mÝ¶ Zmd à‘mU ({H$./ho.) {H$./h.o) nmUr {b./ho.
H«$.
1) Q>mo‘°Q>mo A°bm³bmoa 50% Bgr 2 Vo 2.5 4 Vo 5 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu 400-600 dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ VUo amono ñWbm§VamZ§Va EH$ IwanUr
30 {Xdg
n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 1.00 3.0 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu dfm©¶y JdV dJu¶ d é§X amono bmJUrZ§Va
30% Bgr amon ñWbm§Vamnydu
nmZmMr VUo
qH$dm amon
‘oQ´>rã¶wPrZ 0.5 Vo 0.7 0.7 Vo 1.0 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu Hw§$Pê$, ‘mR>, Kmoi, ñWbm§VamZ§Va bJoM amno bmdUr ndyu EH$ AmR>dS>m
70% S>ãë¶w nr JdV AJmXoa qH$dm amnoo bmdUrZV§a XmZo
(g|H$m°a) AmR>dS>çmZr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
2) dm§Jr n|S>r‘oW°brZ 1 Vo 1.5 3.5 Vo 5.0 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu 400-600 bìhmim, ‘mR> d dfm©¶y, amono bmJUrZ§Va 30 EH$ IwanUr amono bmJUrZ§Va
30% Bgr JdVdJu¶ VUo Vo 40 {Xdg 40 {Xdgm§Zr
A°bm³bmoa 50% Bgr 1.5 {H$. 3 {H$. amon bmdS>rZ§Va 500-700 dfm©¶y VUo amon bmJdS>rZ§Va {ZdS>H$
(bmgmo) +1 qZXUr amon
bmJdS>rZ§Va 6
AmR>dS>çm§Zr
3) H$m§Xm n|S>r‘oW°brZ 1 Vo 1.5 3.5 Vo 5 amono bmdUrnydu 500-700 g‘mKmg, XþYmZr, ‘mR> 45 {Xdgm§Zr nyU©nUo VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoVmo
30% Bgr
Am°³Prâ¶yAmoa’o$Z 0.15 Vo 0.25 0.6 Vo 1.0 bmJdUrZ§Va 500-700 g‘mKmg, XþYmZr, ‘mR> 45 {Xdgm§Zr nyU©nUo VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV hmoVmo
23.5 Bgr (Jmob)
hmb°³Pr’$m°n 0.100 1.0 OmñVrV OmñV VUo 700 A{Ve¶ Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao amon bmdUrZ§Va 40- CJdUrnydu {ZdS>H$ VUZmeH$
ã¶yQ>mB©b CdJë¶mZ§Va (nyd© JdV dJu¶ VUm§Mo 45 ’$dmamdo.
bmJUrZ§Va 2 {Z¶§ÌU VgoM H$mhr é§X
AmR>dS>çm§Zr) nmZm§À¶m VUm§Mo {Z¶§ÌU
Am°³PmS>m¶J«rb 0.90 1.5 {b. amon nyZ©bmJUrZ§Va 500-700 JdVdJu¶ VUo d amon bmdUrZ§Va 40 CJdUrnydu {ZdS>H$
6% Bgr VrZ {Xdgm§Zr bìhmim {Xdg VUZmeH$. é§X nmZm§À¶m
(Q>m°nñQ>ma / amâQ>) VUmMo {Z¶§ÌU hmoV Zmhr
Am°³PmS>m¶PmoZ 0.5 Vo 0.75 2 Vo 3 {b. amon nyZ©bmJUrnydu 500-700dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ VUo amon bmdUrZ§Va 40 CJdUrnydu {ZdS>H$ VUZmeH$
25% Bgr AWdm d H$mhr é§X nmZmMr VUo {Xdg
(amoZñQ>ma) nyZ©bmJUrZ§Va
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 269

H«$.
4) ~Q>mQ>m 1) n|S>r‘oWmbrZ 0.750 Vo 2.5 Vo 3.3 bmdUrZ§Va 500 Vo 700 H$mhr JdV dJu¶ d é§X bmdUrZ§Va 30 Vo VUZmeH$ ’$dmaUrdoir
30 % Bgr (ñQ>°mån) 1.00 {H$bmo {bQ>a nrH$ d VUo {bQ>a nmZm§Mr VUo 35 {Xdg O{‘ZrV nwaogm Amobmdm
CJdÊ¶mnydu Agmdm
270Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2) Abm³bmoa 2.0 Vo 2.5 4 Vo 5 {bQ>a -Ÿ&&- 500 {bQ>a H$mhr JdV dJu¶ d é§X -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&-
50% Bgr (bmgmo) {H$bmo nmZmMr VUo
3) S>m¶wam°Z 80 % 0.750 Vo 1.5 1 Vo 2.2 bmdUr Z§Va 500 Vo 600 é§X nmZmMr VUo d H$mT>r bmdUr Z§Va 30 Vo -Ÿ&&-
S>ãë¶w nr.(H$ma_oŠg {H$bmo {H$bmo nrH$ d VUo {bQ>a JdV dJu¶ VUo 35 {Xdg
Šbmg A°J«mo_oŠg) CJdÊ¶mnydu
4) ’o$Zm°³Pmàm°n 67.5 J«°‘ 750 {‘br bmdUrZ§Va 20 Vo 400 Vo 500 h§Jm‘r JdV dJu¶ VUo bmdUr Z§Va 50 Vo JdVdJu¶ VU {Z¶§ÌUH$arV
nr BWmBb 9.3 % 25 {Xdgm§Zr {bQ>a 55 {Xdg ¶mo½¶
Bgr (pìhngwna)
5) ³¶yP°bmo’$m°n BWmBb 50.5 J«°‘ 1000 {‘br -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&- -Ÿ&&-
5% Bgr >(Q>aJmgwna)
6) n°am¹$mQ> 0.250 Vo 1Vo 1.5 ~Q>mQ>m {nH$mMr 500 gd© JdV dJu¶ d ê§$X -Ÿ&&- ~rZ {ZdS>H$ VUZmeH$ gd©
³bmoamBS> 24 % 0.375 {H$bmo {bQ>a CJdU 5 Vo 10% nmZmMr VUo dm{f©H$ VUm§Mo {Z¶§ÌU
Eg Eb Pmë¶m Z§Va
7) ‘oQ´>rã¶yPrZ 0.525 0.750 {H$bmo bmdUrZ§Va 3-4 500 H$mhr JdVdJu¶ d é§X bmdUrZ§Va 30 Vo VUZmeH$ ’$dmaUr doir
70% S>ãë¶ynr {Xdgm§Zr qH$dm nmZm§Mr VUo 35 {Xdg O{‘ZrV nwaogm Amobmdm
(go§H$m°a) ~Q>mQ>m {nH$mMr Agmdm
C§Mr 5 g|‘r
Pmë¶mZ§Va
H«$.
4) H$mo~r d Am¶gmoàmoQ>çyam°Z 0.7 Vo 1.0 1.00 amon bmdUrnydu 500-600 dfm©¶y, JdVr¶ VUo amono bmJdUrZ§Va 40 {ZdS>H$
’w$bH$mo~r {H$. {Xdg
Am°³Prâ¶wAmoa’o$Z 0.05 Vo 0.25 0.700 {b. CJdUrnydu 600-700 JdVdJu¶ d é§X nmZm§Mr {ZdS>H$
23.5% Bgr (nwZ©bmJdS> VUo
H$aÊ¶mÀ¶m
noÝS>r‘oWmbrZ 1.00 {H$bmo 3.0 {b. joÌmH$[aVm) 500 Vo 600 dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ d 30 {Xdg nyZ©bmJU H$aÊ¶mnydu qH$dm
30% Bgr H$mhr é§X nmZm§Mr VUo nyZ©bmJUrZ§Va bJoM ’$dmaUr
H$ê$Z nmUr Úmdo
Zm¶Q´>mo’$Z 1.0-3.0 2.0 Vo 6.0 VUo CJdUrZ§Va 500-600 JdVdJu¶ {ZdS>H$
5) {‘aMr S>m¶’o$Zm‘rS> 4.0 - 6.0 8 Vo 12 {H$. VUo CJdUrnydu d 500-600 dfm©¶y JdVdJu¶ ê§$X amono bmJdUrZ§Va 40 {ZdS>H$
{H$. CJdUrZ§Va nmZm§Mr VUo {Xdg
noÝS>r‘oW°brZ 1.0 {H$. 3.5 {b. VUo CJdUr nydu 500-600 dfm©¶y JdVdJu¶ darbà‘mUo {ZdS>H$, nwZ©bmJU H$aÊ¶mnydu
qH$dm nyZ©bmJUrZ§Va bJoM
’$dmaUr H$amdr d nmUr Úmdo
Am°³PmS>m¶PmoZ 0.5 Vo 0.75 1 Vo 1.5 nyZbm©JU darbà‘mUo darbà‘mUo {ZdS>H$
25% Bgr H$aÊ¶mnydu
6) ^|S>r A°bm³bmoa 1.0 Vo 2.0 2.0 Vo 4.0 VUo CJdUr nydu 500-600 dfm©¶y JdVdJu¶ ê§$X amono bmJdUrZ§Va 40 {ZdS>H$
50% Bgr {b. nmZm§Mr VUo {Xdg
7) dobdJu¶ Am°p³Pâbmoa’o$Z 0.250 1.00 {nH$ d VUo 500 Vo 700 dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ d bmJdS>rZ§Va VrZ ’$dmaUr H$aVmZm
^mOrnmbm 23.5% Bgr CJdÊ¶mnydu H$mhr ê§$X nmZm§Mr VUo AmR>dS>o VUZmeH$m§À¶m {nH$mÀ¶m
(H$mabr, (Jmob/PmaJm°Z) amonmer AWdm {~¶mer g§nH©$
^monim, ¶oUma Zmhr ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr
H$btJS>, ‘oQ´>rã¶yPrZ 0.500 0.700 {H$bmo {nH$ d VUo 500 Vo 700 dm{f©H$ JdV dJu¶ d bmJdS>rZ§Va VrZ ’$dmaUr H$aVmZm VUZmeH$mMm
Ia~yO, 270% S>ãë¶w nr CJdÊ¶mnydu H$mhr ê§$X nmZm§Mr VUo AmR>dS>o {~¶mer AWdm amonmer WoQ>
H$mH$S>r, g§nH©$ ¶oUma Zmhr ¶mMr XjVm
XmoS>H$m, ¿¶mdr.
Kmogmir
B.)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 271

\$i~mJoVrb VU ì`dñWmnZ
\$i~mJoVrb PmS>m§Zm XoÊ`mV òUmar IVo, nmUr d g|{Ð` IVo `m‘wio JdVdJu` VgoM {ÛXbdJu` VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d
AmT>iVmo. hr VUo {deofV… PmS>mÀ`m ^modVmbr ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda AmT>iVmV. `mgmR>r \$i~mJoVrb VU {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r
EH$mpË‘H$ VU {Z`§ÌU nÕVrMm dmna H$amdm.
à{V~§YmË‘H Cnm`
1. ~hþdm{f©H$ VUo nmD$g gwé hmoÊ`mnydu ‘wimgH$Q> H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
2. nmD$g gwé hmoÊ`mnydu CÝhmù`mV dobdJu` VUm§Mr ‘wio d ImoS>o IUyZ H$mT>mdrV VgoM Amdí`H$Vm ^mgë`mg 1%
½bm`\$mogoQ>Mr \$dmaUr H$amdr.
3. dfm©`y h§Jm‘r VUm§À`m {Z`§ÌUmH$arVm {ÛXb dJm©Vrb VUm§gmR>r AQ´>°PrZ 50% S>ãë¶ynr (4 {H$/hoŠQ>a) Mr \$dmaUr
H$amdr.
4. ~hþdm{f©H$ VUm§H$[aVm \$iPmS>m§À`m XmoZ AmoirVrb OmJoV Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr AWdm ‘Yë`m OmJoV H$S>YmÝ`,
{hadirMr {nHo$ ¿`mdrV {H$§dm AmÀN>mXZ Q>mHy$Z VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$amdm.
5. noaUrH$arVm VU{dahrV {~`mUo dmnamdoV.
6. nyU© Hw$Obobr g|{Ð` IVo dmnamdrV.
7. ‘emJVrMr Am¡Omao ñdÀN> H$ê$ZM dmnamdrV.
8. VU`wº$ OmJoVrb ‘mVrMm dmna Q>mimdm.
9. amon nwZbm©JdS>rÀ`m doir Ë`mgmo~V VUm§Mm àgma hmoUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr.
10. nmÊ`mÀ`m nmQ>mOdirb qH$dm Hw§$nUmbJVMr VUo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
11. VUm§Mo nwZ©CËnmXZ Q>mimdo.
{ZdmaUmË‘H$ Cnm` … VUm§Mm àmXw^m©d Pmë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mm Zm`ZmQ> H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnamd`mÀ`m gd© nÕVr `m àH$mamV
‘moS>VmV. CXm.
1. ¶m§{ÌH$ nÕV … hmVmZo VU CnQ>Uo, H$moinUr, IwanUr, hmV Im§XUr, ‘emJV, H$mnUr, N>mQ>Ur, VU joÌmV nmUr gmR>dUo, OmiUo,
AmÀN>mXZ H$aUo BË`mXr.
2. ñnYm©Ë‘H$ ObX dmT>Umar {nHo$ noaUo … `mo½` nrH$ nÕVtMm Adb§~ H$aUo, doioda noaUr, hoŠQ>ar amonm§Mr `mo½` g§»`m, `mo½` nrH$
\o$anmbQ>, Am§Va{nH$ nÕVr‘Üò H$S>YmÝ` {nH$m§Mm g‘mdoe BË`mXr ({~Ja I{M©H$ nÕVr) VWmnr \$i~mJoV \w$bmoè`mV d
\$iYmaUoÀ`m H$mbmdYrV H$moUVohr Am§VanrH$ KoUo `mo½` Zmhr H$maU \w$bmoè`mV d \$iYmaUoÀ`m AdñWoV \$iPmS>mg Amobmdm d
AÞÐì`m§Mr A{YH$ JaO AgVo.
3. OrdmUy§Mm dmna H$aUo / O¡{dH$ VUZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$aUo.
4. amgm`{ZH$ nÕVrZo VUm§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aUo.
VUZmeHo$ IaoXr H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1. VUZmeHo$ Zm‘m§[H$V H§$nZrMrM IaoXr H$amdrV.
2. VUZmeHo$ IaoXr H$aVmZm IaoXr Ho$boë`m VUZmeH$mMo nŠHo$ ~rb (nmdVr) ¿`mdr.
3. [~bmda VUZmeH$mMo Zmd, CËnmXH$ H§$nZrMo Zmd, ~°M Z§~a, CËnmXZ {XZm§H$ d ‘wXV~mø {XZm§H$, {nH$mMo Zmd d dmnamd¶mMo
à_mU Zo‘Ho$nUo Z‘wX Ho$ë`mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
4. ZOrH$À`m 1 Vo 1.5 ‘{hZm H$mbmdYrV ‘wXV~mø hmoUmar VUZmeHo$ eŠ`Vmo IaoXr H$aUo Q>mimdo.
5. IaoXr H$aUmao VUZmeH$ Á`m {nH$mH$arVm dmnamd`mMo Amho, Ë`m {nH$mg gXa VUZmeH$mMr {e\$mag Amho qH$dm H$go `mMr àW‘
ImÌr H$amdr.
6. IaoXr Ho$bobo VUZmeH$ {e\$maerV {nH$m‘Üò, {e\$maerV Ho$boë`m \$dmaUr nÜXVrZo, d {e\$maerV ‘mÌoZoM \$dmaUr H$amdr.
VUZmeH$mMr H$‘r AWdm A{YH$ ‘mÌm dmné Zò.
7. \$dmaUr Ho$ë`mZ§Va VUZmeH$mMm àË`j n[aUm‘ {Xgon`ªV VUZmeH$ doñQ>Uo H$miOrnyd©H$ OVZ H$amdrV d `mo½` Ë`m n[aUm‘mMr
(nrH$mda d VUmda) ImÌr Pmë`mZ§VaM doñQ>UmMr `mo½` àH$mao {dëhodmQ> bmdmdr.
8. VUZmeHo$, ~waerZmeHo$ qH$dm {H$S>ZmeHo$ EH${ÌV R>ody (gmR>dy) Z¶oV AWdm \$dmê$Z {eëbH$ am{hbobo VUZmeH$ [aH$må¶m
VUZmeH$mÀ¶m doñQ>ZmV gmR>dy Z¶o H$maU ZOa MwH$sZo MwH$sMo VUZmeH$ {nH$mda \$dmaÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm AgVo.
272Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

\$i ~mJmVrb VU ì`dñWmnZ
A.H«$. ’$iPmS>mMo VUZmeH$mMo Zmd {H«$¶merb KQ>H$ ì¶mnmar CËnmXZ dmnaÊ¶mMr doi VUm§Mm àH$ma eoam
Zmd à‘mU ({H$./ho.) ({H$.{b./ho.)
1) Ho$ir 1. A°bm³bmoa, 1.5 Vo 2 3 Vo 4 Ho$ir bmJUrZ§Va bìhmim, hair, O{‘ZrV {Q>H$dyZ amhÊ¶mMm H$mbmdYr
Am°³Prâbmoamo’o$Z n¡H$s EH$ 0.20 0.851 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu Ho$Zm, ‘mR>, 3 ‘{hZo ’$dmaÊ¶mgmR>r dmnamd¶mMo
S>m¶wam°Z 80% S>ãë¶wnr 1.60 2.0 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu XþYmZr nmUr 700 Vo 100 {~Z{ZdS>H$
2.½bm¶’$mogoQ> 0.8 Vo 1.6 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdUrZ§Va gd© VUo VUZmeH$ PmS>mda nS>Uma Zmhr ¶mMr
qH$dm 2, 4-S>r 1 Vo 1.5 1.25 Vo 1.8 nmZmMr VUo XjVm K¶mdr.
2) Ðmjo 1. A°Q´>PrZ / S>m¶wam°Z 1 Vo 2.5 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdÊ¶mnydu bìhmim, hair, 700 Vo 100 {b. nmUr {Q>Hy$Z amhÊ¶mMm
2. ½bm¶’$mogoQ> 0.8 Vo 1.6 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdUrZ§Va ‘mR>, XþYmZr H$mi 5 ‘{hZo VUZmeH$ ’$dmaVmZm
3. Am°p³PŠbmoa’o$Z 1.0 4.25 VUo CJdUrZ§Va H$miOr ¿¶mdr. dobrda VUZmeH$
1.60 2.0 nS>Uma Zmhr ¶mMr H$miOr ¿¶mdr.
3) Am§~m 1. ½bm¶’$mogoQ> 0.8 Vo 1.6 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdUrZ§Va hair, bìhmim 500 Vo 600 {b. nmUr. VUZmeH$
2. S>m¶wam°Z qH$dm 2.5 3.15 EH$Xm§S>r dJ¡ao Am§~m amonmda/PmS>mda nS>Uma Zmhr
A°Q´>PrZ 2.5, 5.00, JdVdJu¶ VUmda ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr. S>m¶wam°Z qH$dm
3) n°am¹$m°Q> 3.00 12.0 VUo CJdUrZ§Va A°Q´>moPrZ ’$dmaUrZ§Va n°am¹$mQ>
4) ‘mog§~r, g§Ìm 1. A°Q´>PrZ 1 Vo 2 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdUrnydu bìhmim 500 Vo 700 {b. nmUr S>m¶wam°Z qH$dm
2. S>m¶wam°Z qH$dm 2.5 3.0 EH$Xm§S>r, Hw§$Pê$ ~«mo‘mogrb§Mr ’$dmaUrZ§Va n°amH$m°Q>Mr
~«mo‘°grb 3. n°am³dm°Q> 3.0 12.0 VUo CJdUrnydu XþYmZr ’$dmaUr H$amdr.
5) nnB© n°am°³dm°Q> 0.23 Vo 0.45 2 Vo 4 VUo CJdUrZ§Va bìhmim VUZmeH$ nnB© amonmda/PmS>mda nS>Uma
½bm¶’$mogoQ> - 25 Vo 30 {‘br EH$Xm§S>r, Hw§$Pê$ Zmhr ¶mMr XjVm ¿¶mdr.
10 {b. nmÊ¶mVyZ XþYmZr
6) S>mit~ ½bm¶’$mogoQ> 2 5 VUo CdUrZ§Va bìhmim 100 {bQ>a nmUr. VUZmeH$ S>mit~
15 {Xdgm§Zr EH$Xm§S>r, Hw§$Pê$ PmS>mda/amonmda nS>Uma Zmhr ¶mMr
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 273

XþYmZr XjVm ¿¶mdr.
{d{dY H§$nÝ`m§Mo CnbãY VUZmeHo$
A. H«$. VUZmeH$ CËnmXH$ VUZmeH$mMo emór` Zmd VUZmeH$mMo {nHo$ d VUZmeH$ dmnamMo
H§$nZrMo Zmd ì`mnmar Zmd à‘mU à[V hoŠQ>ar
1. EŠgob H«$m°n Ho$Aa {b. ½bm`\$mogoQ> 41% Eg.Eb. ½bm`gob \$i{nHo$ VU CJdUrZ§Va,
2. n§Om~ Ho${‘H$b A±S> A‘mo{ZA‘ gë\o$Q> Am°\$ ìhoQ>mo 41% ~rZ {ZdS>H$ VUZmeH$
H«$m°n àmoQ>oŠeZ ½bm`\$mogoQ> Eg.Eb. S>màoŠQ>> ñào JmS>© dmnéZ
3. ‘moZg°ÝQ>mo ½bm`\$mogoQ> 41% Eg.Eb. amD§$S> An H$modù`m VUmda à‘mU hoŠQ>ar
4. BÝS>mo{\$b {b. ½bm`\$mogoQ> 41% Eg.Eb. ŠbmoZAn 2 Vo 3 {b./hŠoQ>ar \$dmaUr VU
5. EŠgb o H$«m\°$ H$oAa {b. ½bm`\$mogoQ> 71% ‘oam 71% H$modio AgVm§Zm H$amdr.
6. EŠgb o H$«m\°$ H$oAa {b. ½bm`\$mogoQ> 5% EŠgob Q>oH$-5
7. ~mà H«$m°n gm`Ýg ‘oQ´>rã`yPrZ 70% S>ãë`y.nr. g|H$m°a gmo`m~rZ, Jhÿ
8. a°brO B§{S>`m {b. ‘oQ´>rã`yPrZ 70% S>ãë`y.nr. Q>r.H$o.Eg. ã`P
w rZ Jhÿ - 250 Vo 300 J«°‘/hoŠQ>a
gmòm~rZ-500 Vo 750 J‘°«/hŠoQ>a
9. YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ ‘oQ´>rã`yPrZ 70% S>ãë`y.nr. ~°arAa CJdUrnydu \$dmamdo
10. a°brO B§{S>`m {b. A°Q´>mPrZ 50% S>ãë`y.nr. AQ´>°Q>m\$ D$g,‘H$m,Ádmar,‘H$m 1 Vo 2 {H$/h.o
11. n§Om~ Ho${‘H$ëg A±S> A°Q´>mPrZ 50% S>ãë`y.nr. {gQ´>m Ádmar 1 Vo 2 {H$/ho.
H«$m°n àmoQ>oŠeZ {b. D$g 2 Vo 4 {H$/ho.
12. Q>mQ>m H$o{‘H$ëg B{§S>`m {b.
ã`wQ>mŠbmoa 50% B.gr. Q>r.Ho$.Eg.ã`wQ>m ^mV - CJdUrnydu hoŠQ>ar 2.5
13. qhXñyWmZ nëìham`qPJ {‘ëg ã`wQ>mŠbmoa 50% B.gr. gwna h§Q>a Vo 4 [bQ>a à‘mUmV \$dmamdo
14 {gO|Q>m B§{S>`m {b. àoQ>rbmŠbmoa 50% B.gr. [a{\$V ^mV - 1 Vo 1.5 [b./ho. amon
bmJdUrZ§Va bJoM
15 B.Am`. S>çnmÝ°Q> B{§S>`m ‘oQ>°gëâ`yam°Z {‘WmB©b 20% AbJ«rn S>moQ>, ^mV d Jhÿ 20 J«°‘/ hoŠQ>a
àm.{b.YZwH$ S>ãë`y.nr. hþH$
16 gm`ZmoHo$‘ àm.{b. A°bmŠbmoa 50 % B.gr. bmgmo ‘H$m, gmòm~rZ, ^Bw‘©Jy d H$mngy 4
‘moZg°ZQ>mo Vo 5 [b./h.o CJdUrndyu \$dmamdo
17 1) B§S>mo\$rb/EŠgob Am°Šgrâbwamo\o$Z 23.5% Am°ŠgrJmoëS> H$m§Xm amon bmdUrZ§Va 2 Vo 3 {XdgmÀ`m
H«$m°n Ho$Aa {b. AmV 425 Vo 850 [‘br/ho.
2) YZHw$m AJ°r«Q>Ho$ {b. Am°Šgrâbwamo\o$Z 23.5% PaJm°Z ~Q>mQ>m - bmdUrZV§a 2 Vo 3
3)qhXñwWmZ nëìham`qPJ Am°Šgrâbwamo\o$Z 23.5% dmS>m {XdgmV 425 Vo 850 [‘br/h.o
{‘ëg ^Bw‘©Jw - nrH$ d VU CJdUrndyu
4) S>mo A°J«mo Ho${‘H$ëg Am°Šgrâbwamo\o$Z 23.5% Jmob 425 Vo 850 [‘br/ho.
5) n§Om~ Ho${‘H$ëg Am°Šgrâbwamo\o$Z 23.5% dmB©O noa^mV - CJdUrnydu 650 Vo
A±S> H«$m°n n«moQ>oŠeZ 1000 [‘br/ho.
18 B.Am`.S>çwnm°ÝQ> B§{S>`m ‘oQ>°gëâ`yam°Z {‘WmB©b 20% A°bJ«rn Jhÿ 8 J«°‘ à{V EH$a CJdUrnydu,
àm.{b. S>ãë`y.nr. noaUrZ§Va 2 Vo 3 [Xdgm§Zr
19 B.Am`.S>çwnm°ÝQ> B§{S>`m ‘oQ>°gëâ`yam°Z {‘WmB©b 10% A°bm{‘Šg ^mV 8 J«°‘ à[V ho. CJdUrnydu,
àm.{b. S>ãë`y.nr. + Šbmoarå`wam°Z noaUrZ§Va 2 Vo 3 {XdgmV
BWmB©b 10% S>ãë`y.nr.
20 B.Am`.S>çwnm°ÝQ> B§{S>`m ~oZ°gëâ`yam°Z {‘WmB©b 60% bmoÝS>oŠg nm°da ^mV 100 J«°‘ à{V hoŠQ>a
àm.{b. noQ´>rb°Šbmoa 6% CJdUrnydu \$dmamdo
274Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

21. 1) B.Am`. S>çwnm°ÝQ> {¹$P°bmo\$m°n BWmB©b 5% noÝQ>mam gmo`m~rZ 750 Vo 100 {‘br/
B§{S>`m àm.{b. B.gr. ho. CJdUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25
2) YZHw$m AJ°r«Q>Ho$ {b. {¹$Pb° m\o$mn° BWmBb
© 5% B.gr. Q>aJm gwna [XdgmZ§Va \$dmamdo
22 B§S>mo{\$b Ho${‘H$ëg àmon°P°’$m°n 10% B.gr. gmogm`Q>r gmòm~rZ, CS>rX, ^Bw‘©Jy, H$mngy,
H$mX§m, 250 Vo 300 {‘br à{V EH$a
23 1) B§S>mo{\$b Ho${‘H$ëg àmon°P°’$m°n 50% B.gr. Am°\$goQ> 400 Vo 500 {‘br à{V
2) Q>mQ>m Ho${‘H$ëg àmon°P°’$m°n 50% B.gr. Q>r.H$o.Eg. àr{Q>bm EH$a
24 1) B§S>mo{\$b Ho${‘H$ëg B‘°PrWm`na 10% Eg.Eb. nmgnmoQ>© gmo`m~rZ, ^wB©‘yJ à‘mU
2)~r.E.Eg.E\$.B.§{b. B‘°PrWm`na 10% Eg.Eb. nagyQ> gmo`m~rZ - 1 [b.
3)EŠgb o H$«mn° H$oAa {b. B‘°PrWm`na 10% Eg.Eb. gwJ‘ ^wB©‘wJ - 1 Vo 1.5 [b./ho.
naoUrZV§a 20 Vo 25 [XdgmZ§r \$dmamdo
25 1)~r.E.Eg.E\$.B.§{b. noÝS>r‘oW°brZ 30% B.gr. ñQ>m°ån H$mnyg, ^wB©‘yJ, Vya, gmo`m~rZ,
2)EŠgb o H$«mn° H$oAa {b. noÝS>r‘oW°brZ 30% B.gr. EŠgob ßbg ‘wJ, haâm, dm§Jr, H$m§Xm,
3) a°brO B§{S>`m {b. noÝS>r‘oW°brZ 30% B.gr. Q>mQ>m nZrS>m {‘aMr,à‘mU {nH$mZgwma 2.5 Vo 5 [b./hŠoQ>ar
26 qhXyñWmZ nëìham`qPJ gë\$mogëâ`yam°Z 75% S>ãë`y. Q>maJoQ> Jhÿ 33.3 J«°‘/hoŠQ>ar
{‘ëg nr. CJdUrnydu \$dmamdo
27 YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ {b. àoQ>rb°Šbmoa 50% B.gr. H«o$P ^mV 1000 Vo 1500 {‘br/h.o
amnobmJUrZV§a 2 Vo 3 [XdgmV \$dmamdo
28 ~mà H«$m°n gm`Ýg {b. \$oZmŠ°Pmàmn° BWmBb© 9.3% ìhrn gwna gmòm~rZ, ^mV - 250-300 {‘br
(W/W) B.gr. à{V EH$a hŠoQ>ar CJdUrndyu
29 1)YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ {b. na°mH$mQ°> S>m`ŠbmaomBS©> 24% Eg.Eb. AmoPmoZ \$i{nHo$, ~rZ {ZdS>H$
2)n§Om~ Ho${‘H$ëg na°mH$mQ°> S>m`ŠbmaomBS©> 24% Eg.Eb. n°am{H$Q> VUZmeH$, S>màoŠQ> ñào
A±S> H«$m°n àmoQ>oŠeZ {b. JmS>© bmdZy VU CJdë`mZV§a H$mdoio
3) XdorX`mb AJ°m«o H$o{‘H$ëg na°mH$mQ°> S>m`ŠbmaomBS©> 24% Eg.Eb. n°amMrQ> AgVmZm \$dmaUr H$amdr.
30 1)YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ {b. 2,4-S>r A‘mB©Z gmëQ> 58% drS>‘ma gwna D$g, Jh,ÿ Ádmar, ~Q>mQ>m d ‘H$m-
2)qhXwñWmZ Eg.Eb. {ham-77 EH$Xb {nH$mVrb [>ÛXb VUmÀ§`m
nëìham`qPJ {‘ëg 2,4-S>r A‘mB©Z gmëQ> 58% [Z`Ì§UmH$[aVm hŠoQ>ar 2.5 Vo 5 [b.
Eg.Eb. naoUrZV§a 20 Vo 25 {XdgmZ§r
31 1) YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ {b. 2, 4 - S>r B{Wb BñQ>a 38% B.gr. drS>‘ma ‘H$m, Ádmar, amonbmJU ^mV d
2) qhXwñWmZ 2, 4 - S>r B{Wb BñQ>a 38% B.gr. {ham-44 Jhÿ hoŠQ>ar 1.35 Vo 2.94 [b.
nëìham`qPJ {‘ëg noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
32 2,4-S>r gm{oS>`‘ gmëQ> 80% S>ãë`.ynr. drS>‘ma
1) YZwH$m A°J«rQ>oH$ {b. qb~y, Ðmjo, ‘H$m, D$g, Jhÿ
2)qhXwñWmZ 2,4-S>r gm{oS>`‘ gmëQ> 80% S>ãë`.ynr. hoŠQ>ar 0.625 Vo 3.25 {H$bmo
nëìham`qPJ {‘ëg {ham gwna noaUrZ§Va 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§Zr
33 ~mà H«$m°n gm`Ýg {b. BWmoŠPrgëâ`wam°Z 15% gZamB©O 15% amon bmJU ^mV - 83 Vo 100
S>ãë`y. S>r.Or. S>ãë`y. S>r.Or. J«°‘ à{V hoŠQ>ar
34 ~mà H«$m°n gm`Ýg {b. Am°ŠPmS>màOrb 6% B.gr. aâQ> 6 B©.gr. amno bmJU ^mV 650 Vo 1000 {‘br à{V
hŠoQ>ar amno bmdUrZV§a 2 Vo 3 {XdgmZ§r
35 ~mà H«$m°n gm`Ýg {b. S>m`wam°Z 80% S>ãë`y.nr. Šbmg 80 D$g, qb~,y H$oir ‘H$m d H$mngy hŠoQ>ar 1
S>ãë`y.nr. Vo 5 [H$. VUo CJdUrndyu \$dmamdo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 275

EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ
1. ‘emJVr` {Z`§ÌU … {hadirMo d eoUIVm§Mm dmna, CÝhmù`mV O{‘ZrMr Imobda ‘emJV, noaUr doioda,
{~`mÊ`mMo à_mU {e’$maernojm 10 Vo 20 Q>¸o$ OmXm, IVmÀ`m ‘mÌm {e\$maer d O‘rZ VnmgUr AhdmbmZwgma, eoU,
nmbmnmMmoim, {nH$mMo Adeof Hw$O{dÊ`mgmR>r AUwOrdm§Mm dmna, g§o{Ð` IVmMm VgoM O¡{dH$ IVm§Mm dmna, O¡{dH$
{H$S>ZmeH$m§Mr ~rOà{H«$`m, Am§Va d {‘lnrH$ nÕVrMm dmna {e\$maer d JaOoZwgma nmÊ`mÀ`m nmù`m, ‘mVrMr â, {Z§XUr,
Am§Va‘emJV, doioda {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur d {nH$mMo Adeof eoVmVM Hw$O{dÊ`mMr {H«$`m Ho$ë`mZo {ZgJ©V… {H$S>tMo {Z`§ÌU hmoV
AgVo.
2. H$m`©àUmbr` (_°Ho${ZH$b ) {Z`§ÌU … {nH$mdarb nmZo ImUmè`m d \$io nmoIaUmè`m Aù`m§Mo {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r hr à^mdr
nÕV Amho. nrH$ 30-40 {XdgmMo Pmë`mda nmZmda ~marH$ {hadQ> Aù`m AmT>iVmV. {H«$S>mJ«ñV nmZo OmirXma AY©dQ>
gwH$ë`mgmaIr {XgVmV. Ë`mImbr Ho$gmi Aù`m qH$dm nmZo ImUmè`m Aù`m 5-7 {Xdg Pw§S>rV amhÿZ Z§Va eoVmV ngê$
bmJVmV. `m Aù`m 1 g|.‘r. nojm bhmZ AgVm§ZmM nmZmgH$Q> Jmoim H$ê$Z Ho$amo{gZ{‘lrV nmÊ`mV PQ>Hy$Z ‘mamì`mV åhUOo
nwT>o Ë`m§Mm CnÐd hmoV Zmhr. dm§Jr, ^§oS>r d BVa {H$S>J«ñV \$io eoVmV VWm BVaÌ CKS>çmda Z Q>mH$Vm Ë`mMo N>moQ>o {T>J H$ê$Z
Ë`mda XmoZ B§M ‘mVrMm Wa {Xë`mg \$imVrb Aù`m ‘ê$Z CnÐd ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV H$‘r hmoVmo. {H$S>Š`m \$im§VyZ {H$S>rMo nV§J
~mhoa òD$Z {H$S>rMm OrdZH«$‘ gwé am{hë`mZo {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. {H$S>H$s \$io OmiÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Var CîUVooZo Aù`m
‘ê$Z H$sS> H$‘r hmoVo.
3. O¡{dH$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌU … O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌU hr n`m©daUmgmR>r gwa{jV, {dfa{hV AÞ XoUmar, {Z`m©V ¶mo½¶ {H$\$m`Vera d {XK©
H$mi H$m‘ H$aUmar Aer CËH¥$ï> H$sS> {Z`§ÌU nÜXV Amho. {ZgJm©Vrb 98% {H$S>tMo Z¡g{J©H$arË`m {Z`§ÌU hmoV AgyZ, Cd©[aV
\$º$ 2% {H$S>tÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r {d{dY Cnm` `moOmdo bmJVmV. ‘mÌ Imbrb n[apñWVr‘Üò O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌUm{edm` n`m©`
Zmhr.
1. ‘mbmÀ`m Am`mVrÛmao naXoemVyZ ZH$iV EImXr {H$S> Amnë`m XoemV XmIb hmoUo.
2. {H$S>rMo {Z`§ÌU H$aVmZm AWdm Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr‘wio {ZgJm©Mm g‘Vmob {~KSy>Z {H$S>tÀ`m dmT>rg AZwHy$b dmVmdaU
V`ma hmoUo.
3. H$rS>ZmeH$ à{VH$maH$ {H$S>tMm CÐoH$ dmT>Uo, VgoM ImÚ {nH$mda {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mo Adeofm§Mr hm{ZH$maH$ ‘mÌm amhUo.
4. H$rS> {Z`§ÌUmÀ`m BVa Cnm`mÛmao g‘mYmZH$maH$ {Z`§ÌU hmoV Zgë`mg Ë`m§Mr O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌUm~amo~a gm§JS> KmbyZ
EH$mpË‘H$ H$rS> ì`dñWmnZ H$aUo.
{H$S>tdarb namon{Odr AWdm na^jr H$sQ>H$ qH$dm AÝ` àmUr Am{U amoJO§VyMm dmna H$ê$Z {H$S>tMr g§»`m Am{W©H$
ZwH$gmZ nmVirÀ`mImbr {Z`§{ÌV H$aUo åhUOo O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌU hmo`. EH$ h§Jm‘r {nH$m§nojm ~hþh§Jm‘r Am{U \$bmoÚmZ {nH$m§V
{H$S>tMo Z¡g{J©H$ eÌy ghO àñWm{nV hmoVmV.
{nH$m§darb {H$S>tMo O¡{dH$ nÕVrZo {Z`§ÌU H$aVmZm Ë`m ^mJmVrb dmVmdaU, nrH$ nÕVr Am{U ‘hËdmÀ`m CnÐdr
{H$S>tÀ`m OrdZH«$‘m~m~V Aä`mg H$éZ BVa àXoemV VËg‘ dmVmdaU Am{U nrH$ nÕVr Agboë`m ^mJmV
gXa {H$S> H$moUË`m H$maUm§Zr {Z`§ÌUmImbr Amho, ho emoYUo JaOoMo AgVo. {H$S>tMo Z¡g{J©H$ eÌy {ZgJ©V… {H$S>rMr
g§»`m$[Z`§{ÌV H$aV Agë`mg Ago O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ à`moJemioV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV CËnmXZ H$ê$Z Ë`m {H$S>rMm CÐoH$
Pmboë`m ^mJmVrb {nH$mda Ë`m§Mo àgmaU H$aÊ`mV òVo. Aem àH$mao {H$S>rMo Z¡g{J©H$ eÌy dmVmdaUmV àñWm{nV Pmë`mg Vo
{H$S>tMr g§»`m [H$ËòH$ df© Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ g§Ho$V nmVirImbr R>odVmV. O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ àñWm{nV Pmë`mZ§Va qH$dm {Z`§ÌU
àH$ën am~{dVmZm AUwOrd`wº$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§~amo~a AYwZ‘YwZ H$mhr {ZdS>H$ amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmnabr Var Mmb-
VmV. ‘mÌ {H$S>tMo namonOrdr Am{U na^jr H$sQ>H$ AWdm BVa àmÊ`mÛmao O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌU H$amd`mMo Agë`mg amgm`{ZH$
{H$S>ZmeH$m§Mm dmna Q>mimdm.
276Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gÜ¶m AZoH$ O¡[dH$ KQ>H$m§n¡H$s namonOrdr H$rQ>H$, na^jr H$rQ>H$ Am{U amoJO§Vw`wº$ O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ ~mOmamV CnbãY
AmhoV. H$rS> ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r n[aUm‘H$maH$ O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ nwT>rb VŠË`mV {Xbobo AmhoV. ho O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ à`moJemioV ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV CËnmXZ H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Mm dmna {nH$m§darb ‘hËdmÀ`m {H$S>tMo O¡{dH$ {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r H$aVm òVmoo.
ì`dñWmnZmgmR>
$ > r O¡{dH$ KQ>H$
O¡{dH KQH (qH$‘V) {H$S>r {nH$ àgmaU Xa/ hoŠQ>a
Q´>m`H$moJ«m‘m ñno.(Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©) ImoS>{H$S>r, ~m|S> Aù`m, D$g, Ádmar, ‘H$m, ^mV, 5 Vo 10 Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©
EH$m H$mS>©da gw‘mao 20,000 \w$bo, \$io nmoIaUmè`m H$mnyg, ^|S>r, dm§Jr AmR>dS>çmÀ`m A§VamZo 2-3
namonOrdr Aù`m Q>mo‘°Q>mo, H$mo~r doim àgmaUo
`wŠV A§S>r AgVmV.
(ê$.50/H$mS>©)
H«$m`gmonbm© PmñQ´>modr ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, \w$b{H$S>o, gd© {nH$m§da àgmaUmgmR>r 5000
{gëbo‘r (é. 215/1000 {H$S>rMr A§S>r d bhmZ A§S>r
A§S>r) Aù`m, {n„o
{MbmoZg ãb°H$~Zu ~Q>mQ>m nmoIaUmar Air ~Q>mQ>m 15000 àm¡T> à{V àgmaU
(H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo òWo AmR>dS>çmÀ¶m A§VamZo 4 doim
CnbãY) (é. 10/10 àm¡T)> gmR>dUrV … 20 àm¡T>
/q¹$Q>b ~Q>mQ>o
E{n[aH°${Z`m ‘ob°Zmoë`wH$m nm`[abm D$g 50,000 A§S>r qH$dm 5000
(é. 50/1000 H$mof) H$mof
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J«ñV D$g nrH$
*EZ.nr.ìhr. ({dfmUy) KmQ>o Air, A‘o[aH$Z ~m|S> haâm, Vya, Q>mo‘°Q>mo, 500 {‘.br. (nrH$
EM.E.EZ.nr.ìhr. Air gw¶©’y$b, H$mnyg \w$bmoè`mV AgVm§Zm)
(ho{bAmo{H$b)
(ê$.1250/{b.)
*Eg.Eb.EZ.nr.ìhr. nmZo ImUmar Air gmo`m~rZ, ~Q>mQ>m, 500 {‘.{b.
(‘°{OH$) (é. 1100/{b.) ñnmoS>moßQ>oam eH©$amH§$X, ^mOrnmbm d
BVa {nHo$
Eg.Amo.EZ.nr.ìhr. Ho$gmi Air gw`©\w$b, gmo`m~rZ 500 {‘.{b.
([ñnbmogmB©S>)
~°{gbg Ww[aZ{OEÝgrg nV§JdJu` {H$S>tÀ`m H$mo~r, Q>mo‘°Q>mo, dm§Jr, 0.5 Vo 1 {H$.J«°. qH$dm
Aù`m H$mnyg, gmo`m~rZ, ^|S>r, {bQ>a
gy`©\y$b B.
* ìh{Q>©{gbrA‘ boH°$Zr {nR>çm T>oHy$U, ag emofUmao Ðmjo, S>mqi~, noê$, 2.5 Vo 3 {H$.J«°.
(ê$ 150/{H$bmo) {H$S>o ^mOrnmbm
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 277

* (’w$bo ~JrgmB©S>) # (‘mdm, nm§T>ar, ‘mer, {gVm\$i, ‘mog§~r BVa
\w$b{H$S>o, VwS>VwS>o B.) \$iPmS>o, \w$bPmS>o
A°goamo\$°Jg nnB© (namonOrdr nnB©darb {nR>çm T>oHw$U nnB© 1000 Vo 1500 àm¡T
>H$sQ>H$)
{H«$ßQ>mobr‘g ‘m°ÝQ´>moPràr {nR>çm T>oHy$U Ðmjo, S>mqi~, ‘mog§~r, 1500 Aù`m qH$dm ^w§Joao
(AmñQ´>o{b`Z boS>r~S>© ~rQ>b) noê$, {gVm\$i, Am§~m
100 ê$. àVr 100 ~rQ>b
50 ê$. àVr 100 Aù`m
_oQ>°[aPr`g A°Zrgmoßbr hþ_Ur Air, H$aS>B© d D$g, ^wB©_wJ, {_aMr, 20{H$.J«°./ho. O{‘ZrV {‘giUo,
(namonOrdr ~waer) # Jìhmdarb ‘mdm Ádmar, ~mOar, B. 2.5 Vo 3 {H$. \$dmaUrgmR>r
no{gbmo‘m`grg {bb°{gZg # ‘wimda JmR>r H$aUmao gwÌH¥$‘r ^mOrnmbm {nHo$, H$S>YmÝò,10 J«°./{H$.J«°. (~rOà{H«$`m)
\$iPmS>o, \w$bPmS>o 20 {H$.J«°./ho. (O{‘ZrV
{‘giUo)
Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© d ‘a, (‘wiHw$Oì`m amoJ) d ‘yiHy$O d gwÌH¥$‘rg ~ir 10 J«°/{H$ (~rOà{H«$`m)
n°{gbmo‘m`{gg *(’w$bo gwÌH¥$‘r nS>Umar {nHo$ O{‘ZrV 20 {H$.J«°./ho.
Q´>m`H$moS>‘m©+) ê$.150/{H$.# {‘giUo
H$Sw>qZ~ qZ~moir AH©$ ag emofUmao {H$S>o gd© {nHo$, H$S>YmÝò, 5% \$dmaUr
qZ~moir n|S gd© àH$maÀ`m gyÌH¥$‘r H$mnyg, ^mOrnmbm,\$iPmS>o 1 Vo 2 Q>Z
* {~ìho[a`m ~°{gA°Zm nmZo ImUmè`m Aù¶m, \$io gd© {nHo$, H$S>YmÝò, 2.5 Vo 3 ${H$.J«°.
(\w$bo {~ìho[a`m)# d ImoS> nmoIaUmè`m {H$S>r, ^mOrnmbm, \$iPmS>o
nm§T>ar _mer
gwS>mo‘moZmg âbwamogÝg# ‘a (‘yiHy$O) d gyÌH¥$_r, ‘yiHy$O d gyÌH¥$‘rg ~ir 10 J«°‘/{H$.J«°. {~¶mUo,
(\w$bo gwâbwamo) nmZm§darb amoJ nS>Umar {nHo$ 10 {H$bmo/ho O{‘ZrV
Zmo‘w[a¶m [abmB© nmZo ImUmar Air ñnmoS>moßQ>oam gmo¶m~rZ, ~Q>mQ>m, BVa {nHo$ 2.5 Vo 3 {H$.ho
(\w$boZmo‘war¶m)
* O¡{dH$ H$rS> {Z`§ÌU à`moJemim, H$sQ>H$emó {d^mJ, ‘.\w$.H¥$.{d., amhþar òWo g§ñWm d eoVH$ar JQ>mg ~mOma^mdmnojm
gw‘mao 20 Q>ŠHo$ H$‘r qH$‘VrV CnbãY hmoVmV. g§nH©$ XyaÜdZr (02426) 243911, ~mOmamV VWm ImOJr H§$nÝ`m§H$S>o
CnbãY Amho.
# H|$Ðr¶ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ ‘§S>i d Zm|XUr g{‘VrH$S>o gXa O¡{dH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr Zm|X Pmbobr Amho, na§Vw {nH$ {H$S>tMo
bo~b Šboåg Zmhr.
~hþnrH$ ^jr KmQ>oAirÀ¶m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r ho{bAmo{H$b (EM. E. EZ. nr. ìhr.)
KmQ>o Air (ho{bH$moìhnm©) Ádmar, haâm, Vya, H$nmer, gy`©\$yb, ‘H$m, Q>mo‘°Q>mo, H$aS>B© `m {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ H$aVo.
Air a§JmZo {hadQ>, {ndiga, Vm§~yg Vn{H$ar qH$dm H$minQ> AgVo. Air AdñWm {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ H$aVo. A{bH$S>o hr
Air ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {XgyZ òVo. {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§À`m ~ogw‘ma dmnam‘wio `m {H$S>r‘Üò {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ à{VH$maj‘Vm
{Z‘m©U hmoVo. na§Vw {ZgJm©V `m {H$S>rg Ý`wpŠbAa nm°{bh¡S´>m°{gg `m {dfmUy‘wio amoJ hmoD$Z Vr ‘aVo. `m {dfmUyMo g§{já Zmd
EM. E. EZ. nr. ìhr. Ago Amho. hm {dfmUy KmQ>o Airg Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m hmoVmo. na§Vw Ë`mMo à‘mU AË`ën AgVo. à`moJ emioV
KmQ>o Aù`m§Mo g§JmonZ H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zm amoJJ«ñV H$ê$Z ¶m {dfmUyMo CËnmXZ H$aVm ¶oVo. ¶m {dfmUyÀ¶m {nH$mda ’$dmaUrZ§Va K m Q > o
Air bhmZ AgVmZm amoJmMr bmJU hmoD$Z 3-4 {XdgmV ‘aVo. Air ‘moR>r Pmë`mda {dfmUyÛmao hmoUmè`m amoJm‘wio Air
‘aÊ`mg EH$ AmR>dS>çmnojm OmñV H$mbmdYr bmJVmo. {Xdgm D$Z Agë`mg \$dmaUr {Vgè`m àhar gwê$ H$ê$Z
g§Ü`mH$min`ªV H$amdr.
278& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ {‘iÊ`mMr {dÚmnrR>mVrb à¶moJemim …
Q´>m`H$moJ«m‘m(Q´>m`H$moH$mS>©) … {H$Q>H$emó {d^mJ, H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo-020-2553 7033,
H$moëhmnya-0231-2605852, Ywio-02562-230368
ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tÀ¶m O¡{dH$ {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r ìhQ>u{gb¶‘ boH°$Zr (’w$bo ~JrgmB©S>) ~waerMm dmna
\w$bo ~JrgmB©S> ho O¡{dH$ H$rS>ZmeH$ AgyZ Vo Ðmj, S>mqi~, {gVm\$i, Am§~m, \w$bPmS>o, h[aV J¥hmVrb {nHo$,
^mOrnmbm, B. {nH$m§darb {nR>>çm T>oHy$U, nm§T>ar ‘mer, ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, \w$bH$sSo>, Idbo H$sS> `m ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tMo
à^mdr {Z`§ÌU H$aVo. Ë`m‘Üò ìh{Q>©{gbrA‘ boH°$Zr hr ~waerMr ñWm{ZH$ àOmV O¡{dH$ KQ>H$ åhUyZ gw‘mao 10 H$moQ>r
{~OH$U à{V J«°‘ `m à‘mUmV AgVo. ho O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeH$ à^mdrnUo H$m`© H$amdo åhUyZ Imbrb ~m~r bjmV
¿`mì`mV.
1. `m O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeH$mÀ`m dmT>rg 75 Q>¸o$nojm OmñV AmÐ©VoMr Amdí`H$Vm Agë`m‘wio nmdgmù`mV à^mdrnUo
H$rS> {Z`§ÌU hmoVo.
2. {hdmù`mV qH$dm CÝhmù`mV H$moaS>o hdm‘mZ Agë`m‘wio \w$bo ~JrgmB©S> amÌâ nmÊ`mV {Ôdmdo. \$dmaUr AJmoXa
{nH$mg ânya nmUr Úmdo. \$dmaUrMo doir à{V 200 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 1 {H$bmo ~JrgmB©S> + 1 {bQ>a XyY {‘gimdo.
\$dmaUrZ§Va 2 {Xdg {Vgè`m àhar nmUr \$dmamdo. nwÝhm 10 Vo 15 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo 2-3 \$dmaÊ`m
H$amì`mV. gmYmaUV… 3-4 AmR>dS>çmV {H$S>rMo n«‘mU H$‘r hmoVo.
3. H$m°na Am°ŠgrŠbmoamB©S>, H$m°na h¡S´>m°ŠgmB©S>, J§YH$, ~moS>mo© {‘lU `m§Mm ìh{Q>©{gbrA‘ boH°$Zr `m O¡{dH$ ~waerÀ`m
dmT>rda A{Zï>> n[aUm‘ hmoV Zmhr. ‘mÌ BVa amgm`{ZH$ ~waerZmeHo$ \w$bo ~JrgmB©S> \$dmaë`mZ§Va EH$ AmR>dS>çmZo
\$dmamdrV. VgoM amgm`{ZH$ ~waerZmeH$mÀ`m dmnamZ§Va EH$ AmR>dS>çmZo \w$bo ~JrgmB©S> dmnamdo.
4. ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tZm `m ~waer‘wio amoJ hmoD$Z ~waerZo gmoS>boë`m {dfm‘wio {H$S>r ‘aVmV. H$moUVohr O¡{dH$
H$rS>ZmeH$ dmnaë`mZ§Va \$dmaUrZ§Va 1-2 {XdgmV {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ Wm§~Vo. ‘mÌ {H$S>r VrZ {XdgmZ§Va ‘aVm§Zm
AmT>iVmV. {H$S>tZm AmOma Pmë`m‘wio Ë¶m {H$S>rhr PmS>mÀ`m darb ^mJmV Jmoim hmoVmV. Ë`m‘wio H$sS> dmT>ë`mMm
J¡ag‘O hmoVmo.
5. \w$bo ~JrgmB©S> na^jr {H$Q>H$m§Zm gwa{jV Amho.
H$m‘J§Y (\o$amo‘moZ) gmnù`mMm H$sS> ì`dñWmnZmgmR>r Cn`moJ
H$rQ>H$ ñdOmVr`m§er gwg§dmX gmYÊ`mgmR>r ñdV…À`m earamVyZ {d{eï> J§Y Agboë`m agm`ZmMo {‘lU ~mhoa
gmoS>VmV. hr agm`Zo Ë`m§À`m‘Üò {d{eï> à{V{H«$`m {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z g§XoedmhZmMo H$m`© H$aVmV, `m§Zm \$oamo‘moZ Ago
åhUVmV. gÜ`m H$mhr H$sQ>H$m§Mo H¥${Ì‘[aË`m V`ma Ho$bobo \o$amo‘moÝg {dH«$sgmR>r ~mOmamV CnbãY AmhoV.
g‘mJ‘mgmR>r H$m`©j‘ ghMa emoYÊ`mgmR>r H$m‘J§Y gmnù`mMm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Cn`moJ hmoVmo. `mÀ`m J§YmZo
{déÕqbJr H$rQ>H$ nañnam§H$S>o {‘bZmgmR>r AmH${f©V hmoVmV. `mMm Cn`moJ Amnë`mbm Imbrb H$maUmgmR>r H$aVm òVmo.
1. gmnù`m§Ûmao {H$S>tMo gìho}jU
2. ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV {H$S>tMo nV§J gmnù`mV nH$Sy>Z Ë`m§Mm Zme H$aUo.
3. [H$Q>H$m§À`m {‘bZmV AS>Wim {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z nwZéËnÎmrbm AQ>H$md H$aUo.
{d{dY {nH$m§‘Üò H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmMr H$m`©dmhr gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r J§Y gmnù`mMm ‘w»`V… Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo. gd©ojUmgmR>r
EH$ hoŠQ>a joÌmV 5 gmnio nwaogo AmhoV. nrH$ g§ajUmMo Cnm` gwê$ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmnù`mV H$‘rV H$‘r {H$Vr nV§J AS>H$bo
nm{hOoV, `mMr g§»`m {ZpíMV Ho$bobr AgVo. CXm. àËòH$ gmnù`mV KmQ>oAirMo gamgar 8 Vo 10 nV§J gVV 2-3 {Xdg
AmT>iyZ Ambo, Va {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm` Ëd[aV `moOUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 279

{H$S>tMo à‘mU Ooìhm AË`ën AgVo, Aem doir nV§J nH$S>Ê`mgmR>r J§Y gmnù`m§Mm Cn`moJ hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
`mgmR>r EH$ hoŠQ>a joÌmV 10 Vo 12 J§Y gmnio ~gdyZ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV nV§J nH$S>bo OmVmV d nwT>rb àOZZ H$‘r H$aÊ`mg
‘XV hmoVo. H$sQ>H$m§À`m {‘bZmV AS>Wim {Z‘m©U H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmnù`mVyZ qbJ àbmo^Z agm`ZmMm gyú‘ J§Y dmVmdaUmV
ngaVmo. Ë`m‘wio {‘bZmgmR>r ghMa emoYVm§Zm {H$Q>H$m§Mr ’$gJV hmoVo. n[aUm‘r Ë`m§Mo {‘bZ Z Pmë`m‘wio àOmoËnmXZ hmoV
Zmhr. Ë¶m‘wio nwT>rb {nT>rVrb {H$Q>H$m§À`m g§»òV KQ> Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo. gÜ`m ~mOmamV KmQ>oAir, gmo`m~rZdarb
ñnmoS>moßQ>oam Air, dm§Jr, ^|S>r, H$mo~r, D$g, H$nmerdarb Aù`m, \$i‘merMo H$m‘J§Y gmnio CnbãY hmoVmV. Ë¶m§Mr qH$‘V
é. 50 Vo 125 à{V gmnim Amho. H$m‘J§Y 2 Vo 3 AmR>dS>çmV ~XbVmV. Ë¶m§Mr qH$‘V é. 10 Vo 50 à{V J§Y AgVo.
gmR>{dboë`m YmÝ`mda nS>Umè`m {H$S>r d Ë`m§Mo {Z`§ÌU
gmR>dUwH$sVrb YmÝ`mV {Za{Zamù`m {H$S>rMm CnÐd hmoVmo. `mV àm‘w»`mZo Q>moHo$, N>moQ>o ^w§Joao, Imnam, {nR>mVrb Vm§~S>m,
^w§Joam, XmVoar H$S>mMo ^w§Joao, YmÝ`mdarb nV§J, Vm§Ximdarb nV§J, Jìhmdarb nV§J, {nR>mVrb nV§J, H$S>YmÝ`mdarb ^w§Joao, B.
{H$S>r AmT>iVmV. Ë`m{edm` gmR>{dboë`m YmÝ`mMo C§XamnmgyZ A{Ve` ZwH$gmZ hmoVo.
gmR>{dboë`m YmÝ`mVrb {H$S>rMm àmXw^m©d ‘w»`ËdoH$éZ Ë`mV Agboë`m Amobmì`mÀ`m à‘mUmda Adb§~yZ AgVmo.
gmR>dUrgmR>r YmÝ`mVrb Amobmdm 10% nojm H$‘r amhrc Aer H$miOr ¿`mdr. Ë`mgmR>r YmÝ` CÝhmV Mm§Jbo dmidmdo.
nmdgmir dmVmdaUm‘wio D$Z XoUo H$R>rU OmVo. Aem n[apñWVrV ‘mÌ H¥${Ì‘[aË`m YmÝ` dmi{dÊ`mgmR>r S´>m`g© `§ÌmMm Cn`moJ
H$aVm òVmo. YmÝ`mVrb {H$S>tMm àmXw^m©d XadmOo, q^Vr, {IS>Š`m `mVrb \$Q>rVyZ, [aH$må`m VgoM gmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r dmnaboë`m
nmoË`mVyZ hmoVmo. YmÝ` âÊ`mAJmoXa nmoË`mda ‘°bm{WAm°Z 50% àdmhr H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ 20 {‘. br. 10 {b. nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ
\$dmamdo. YmÝ`m‘Üò gob\$m°g Jmoir 3 J«°‘ /q¹$Q>b qH$dm ~mo[aH$ ^wH$Q>r 10 J«°‘ / {H$. J«°. `m à‘mUmV ~§X H$moR>rV dmnamdo.
YmÝ`mV dmibobr H$Sw>qZ~mMr nmZo YmÝ`mÀ`m 1% à‘mUmV {‘gimdr. {~`mÊ¶mÀ`m dmnam‘Üò H$S>YmÝ`mV 5-10 J«°‘ doI§S>
^wH$Q>r / {H$. J«°. qH$dm amI {‘gimdr. S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ 4 {‘{b 500 {‘{b nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ 100 {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg Mmoimdo qH$dm
S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ 2.5% nmÊ`mV {daKiUmar ^wH$Q>r 2.5 J«°‘ / {H$. J«°. `mà‘mUo {~`mÊ`mV {‘gimdr.
\$io d ^mOrnmë`mVrb H$sS>ZmeH$ Adeof (A§e) ì`dñWmnZ
{H$S>r d amoJmMo {Z`§ÌU àm‘w»`mZo amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§À`m ghmæ`mZo Ho$bo OmVo. {dfmar amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mm
A‘`m©X dmna Ho$ë`mg {dfmar A§e H$‘r A{YH$ à‘mUmV nrH$ H$mT>UrÀ`m doir {nH$mV {e„H$ amhVmV. VmOr \$io d
^mOrnmë`mMm AmhmamV g‘mdoe hmoVmo. åhUyZ Ë`mdarb H$sS>ZmeH$ A§e Amamo½`mg H$‘r-A{YH$ à‘mUmV Anm`H$maH$ R>ê$
eH$VmV. Ë`m‘wio AÝZKQ>H$mVrb H$sS>ZmeH$ Adeofm§À`m H$‘mb Adeof ‘`m©Xm (E‘.Ama.Eb.) R>a{dboë`m AmhoV. gwa{jV
AÞmgmR>r {H$S>ZmeH$ dmnamZ§Va H$‘mb Adeof ‘`m©Xon`ªV nmohmoMyZ H$mT>UrgmR>rMo à{Vjm H$mbmdYr H$mhr
{H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§gmR>r nwT>o {Xbobo AmhoV. à{Vjm H$mcmdYr hm hdm‘mZmZwgma CÝhmù`mV nmdgmim d {hdmù`mÀ`m VwcZoZo H$‘r
AgVmo.
{nH$m§da H$rSrMm àmXþ^m©d {XgyZ> Amë`mZ§Va amgm`{ZH$ H$rS>ZmeH$mMr Amdí`H$VoZwgma AË`§V ‘m\$H$ dmna
H$amdm. Ë`m‘wio eoV‘mbmdarb H$sS>ZmeH$ Adeof H$‘mb Adeof ‘`m©Xonojm H$‘r amhrb d XoemVyZ hmoUmè`m H¥${f‘mbmÀ`m
{Z`m©VrVrb à‘wI AS>ga Xya hmoD$Z {Z`m©VrV dmT> hmoB©b. `mgmR>r Imbrb ‘mJ©Xe©H$ gyMZm§Mm Adb§~ H$aUo {hVmdh hmoB©b.
1) A{YH¥$V (H|${Ð¶ H$sS>ZmeH$ ‘§S>i d Zm|XUr g{‘Vr) {e\$maerZwgma {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm. {e\$mag Ho$bobm
H$mT>Urnyd© H$mbmdYr CbQ>ë`mdaM {nH$mMr H$mT>Ur H$amdr. H$sS>ZmeH$ CËnmXZmMo bo~b ³boåg H$miOrnyd©H$
dmMmdoV.
2) H$sS>ZmeH$ \$dmaUrnydu {H$S>rMr g§»`m / Am{W©H$ ZwH$gmZ nmVir {dMmamV KoD$Z Amdí`H$ Agob VaM \$dmaUr
H$amdr. amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mm dmna {nH$m§À`m dmT>rÀ`m gwadmVrÀ`m H$mimV H$amdm. nrH$ H$mT>UrÀ`m H$mimV
dZñn{VOÝ` {H$S>ZmeHo$ VWm O¡{dH$ KQ>H$m§Mm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z EH$mpË‘H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ V§ÌmZwgma nrH$ g§ajU H$amdo.
3) \$io d ^mOrnmbm H$mT>Ur`mo½` Pmë`mda åhUOo H$mT>Urnydu EH$ Vo XrS> ‘{hZm AJmoXa amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$mMr
\$dmaUr ~§X H$amdr Ë`mEodOr O¡{dH$ H$sS>ZmeH$o$ dmnamdrV.
280Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016
4) ‘mZdr Amamo½`mg d n`m©daUmg H$‘r hm{ZH$maH$ Agbobr, VgoM H$‘r ‘mÌm‘Üò A{YH$ n[aUm‘H$maH$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌU
H$aUmar {ZdS>H$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmnamdrV. dmnamda ~§Xr Agbobr {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmné ZòV.
5) {Z`m©Vrnydu eoV‘mbmMr H$sS>ZmeH$ A§e MmMUr H$ê$Z A§e Zgë`mg ImÌr H$amdr d ‘JM {Z`m©V H$amdr.
6) EH$mM {H$S>ZmeH$mMm dmna Z H$aVm doJdoJir H$sS>ZmeH$o$ dmnamdrV.
7) \$io d ^mOrnmbm 1 Vo 2% {‘R>mMo qH$dm Ðdê$n gm~UmMo gm¡å` ÐmdUmV Mm§Jbo YwdyZ Z§Va ñdÀN> nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ
KoVë`mg {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mo Adeof H$‘r hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. åhUyZ \$io d ^mOrnmbm dmnaÊ`mnydu Mm§Jbr YwD$Z ¿`mdrV d
JaOoZwgma {eOdyZ ImdrV.
8) {H$S>ZmeH$m§À`m \$dmaUrZ§Va nmimd`mMm àVrjm H$mbmdYr g§~§{YV H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§À`m doð>Umda VWm ‘m{hVr n{ÌHo$da
Z‘wX Ho$bobo AgVmV. Ë`mMo nmbZ H$amdo.
9) nmdgmù`mV nmdgmZo nrH$ YwVbo OmV Agë`mZo Ë`mgmR>r {hdmim d CÝhmù`m nojm àVrjm H$mbmdYr H$‘r AgVmo.
e§Ir JmoJbJm` EH$mpË‘H$ ì`dñWmnZ

1. eoVmMo ~m§Y ñdÀN> R>odmdo, OoUoH$ê$Z JmoJbJm` bnÊ`mg OmJm amhUma Zmhr.
2. JmoJbJm`rMm àmXw^m©d Agboë`m joÌmV Ðmj ~mJo‘Üò ImoS>meoOmar AmÀN>mXZ (‘ëMtJ) H$aÊ`mMo eŠ`Vmo Q>mimdo.
3. g§Ü`mH$mir qH$dm gw`m}X`mnydu eoVmVrb JmoJbJm`r Jmoim H$ê$Z gm~UmÀ`m nmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ ‘mamì`mV qH$dm IS>S²>çmV
nwê$Z Ë`mda MwÝ`mMr ^wH$Q>r Q>mH$mdr.
4. g§Ü`mH$miMo doir eoVm‘Üò {R>H${R>H$mUr JdVmMo {T>J 20-25 \w$Q> A§Vamda R>odmdoV d gH$mir Ë`mImbr XS>boë`m
JmoJbJm`r Jmoim H$amì`mV. VgoM {nH$mÀ`m ‘wimeoOmar JmoJbJm`tZr KmVbobr {ndiga nm§T>è`m a§JmMr (100 Vo 150
À`m nw§OŠ`mV) gm~wXmÊ`mÀ`m AmH$mamMr A§S>r Jmoim H$ê$Z Zï> H$amdrV.
5. ~m§Ym§À`m eoOmar 4 B§M ê§$XrMm V§~mIy qH$dm MwÝ`mÀ`m ^wH$Q>rMm nÅ>m Q>mH$mdm. Ë`m‘wio JmoJbJm`tZm eoVmV òÊ`mnmgyZ
AQ>H$md H$aVm òB©b.
6. JmoJbJm`tZm Ðmj dobrda MT>Ê`mnmgyZ à{V~§Y H$aÊ`mgmR>r 1 B§M ê§$XrMr Vm§ã`mMr nÅ>r ImoS>m^modVr Jw§S>mimdr
qH$dm ßb°pñQ>H$Mr {nedr ImoS>m^modVr VgoM AmYmamMo ~m§~y/{g‘|Q>Mo Im§~ BË`mXrda Jw§S>miyZ Ë`mda KÅ> J«rgMm
Wa Úmdm.
7. ‘oQ>ëS>rhmB©S> {H$S>ZmeH$mÀ`m dmnaÊ`mgmR>rÀ`m V`ma Jmoù`m ñZob{H$b `m ZmdmZo ~mOmamV CnbãY AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm
Cn`moJ àmXw^m©d Agboë`m joÌmV g§Ü`mH$miMo doir 5 {H$.J«°./hoŠQ>a `m à‘mUmV ngê$Z H$amdm.
8. {nH$bobr C§~amMr \$io, nnB© Ë`mMà‘mUo {MaSy>Z ‘oboë`m JmoJbJm`r `m§MoH$S>o AmH${f©V hmoD$Z BVa JmoJbJm`r ho nXmW©
AmdS>rZo ImVmZm AmT>iyZ Amë`m AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm A{‘f V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJ H$ê$Z KoUo eŠ` Amho. da Z‘yX
Ho$bobr Cnm``moOZm àmXw^m©dJ«ñV joÌm‘Üò EH${ÌVnUo EH$mMdoir gdmªZr am~{dUo JaOoMo Amho. hr H$sS> W§S>r d
CÝhmù`m‘Üò (Am°ŠQ>mo~a Vo ‘o) O{‘Zr‘Üò Imobda gwámdñWoV OmVo. nmdgmim gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va O{‘ZrVyZ ~mhoa
nS>Vo d OyZ Vo gßQ>|~a Xaå`mZ gH«$s` amhVo. åhUwZ nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwê$dmVrnmgyZM `m {H$S>rÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r gbJ 2 Vo
3 df} am~{dUoo Amdí`H$ Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 281

~hþnrH$^jr ñnmoS>moßQ>oam
ñnmoS>moßQ>oam - nmZo ImUmè`m AirMo ì`dñWmnZ

ImÚ {nHo$
gmo`m~rZ {nH$mImbrb joÌ dmT>ë`mZo ñnmoS>moßQ>oam {bQ>w>am `m ~hþnrH$^jr nmZo ImUmè`m AirMm C>ÐoH$
hmoD$Z ~aoM ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. Vr H$mo~r, âbm°da, ^|S>r, H$nmer, Ea§S>r, ~Q>mQ>m, P|Sy>, eH©$amH$§X B.{nH$m§da Cn{OdrH$m H$aVo.
OrdZH«$‘
‘mXr nV§J eoVmV ‘moOŠ`m PmS>m§À`m nmZmImbr ny§OŠ`mV 250-300 A§S>r KmbVo. A§S>çmVyZ 3-4 {XdgmV Aù`m
~mhoa nS>VmV d Ë`mM nmZmda 4-7 {Xdg Py§S>rV nmZmMo h[aVÐì` ImVm§Zm AmT>iVmV. Ë`m‘wio nmZo OmirXma {XgVmV. Z§Va
3-4 {XdgmMo A§VamZo ¶m Aù¶m N>moQ>o N>moQ>o JQ> H$ê$Z gd© eoVmV ngaVmV d ‘moR>çm Pmë¶mda A{Ve¶ ImXmS> hmoD$Z AVmoZmV
ZwH$gmZ H$aVmV. 25 Q>¸o$nojm OmñV nmZo Imë`mZo {nH$mMr dmT> d CËnmXZmda A{Zð> n[aUm‘ hmoVmo. Aù`m {Xdgm PmS>m§À`m
\$m§Úm, nmbmnmMmoim d JdVmV bnVmV d amÌr AYmemgmaIr nmZo ImVmV. XmoZ Vo VrZ AmR>dS>çmV O{‘ZrV {eê$Z
H$mofmdñWoV OmVmV. H$mofmVyZ 7-10 {XdgmV Za-‘mXr nV§J ~mhoa nSy>Z Ë`m§Mo {‘bZ Pmë`mda ‘mXr A§S>r KmbÊ`mgmR>r 30
Vo 50 {XdgmMo CnbãY nrH$ emoYVo Am{U CÐoH$mMo H$mimV Aù`m EH$m eoVmVyZ Xwgè`m eoVmV ngaVmV. {H$S>rg nmofH$
hdm‘mZ åhUOo H$‘r Vo ‘Ü`‘ nmdgmZ§VaMm H$moaS>m H$mi, Vmn‘mZ 300 g|.J«o. À¶m Amgnmg, amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$mMm gVV
dmna, gwê$dmVrMo AdñWoV eoVmV H$rS> CnÐdmMo {ZarjUm§Mm A^md, H$sS> amÌr gH«$s` Agë`m~Ôb d {VÀ`m OrdH«$‘m~Ôb
AkmZ, gVV Ò‘mZ {nH$mMr CnbãYVm, ImÚ hr {H$S> CÐoH$mMr H$maUo hmoV.
{H$S> ì`dñWmnZmMo Cnm`
1. {nH$mMo {Z`{‘V {ZarjU H$aUo. eoVmVrb AmR>dS>çmVyZ XmoZXm OmirXma nmZo emoYyZ Vr Aù`mghrV Ho$amogrZ `wŠV
nmÊ`mV (50 {‘.br. EH$ {bQ>a nmUr) ~wS>dmdrV qH$dm OmimdrV, Ë`m‘wio Aù`m N>moQ>çm d Pw§S>rV AgVm§ZmM
‘oë`m‘wio {nH$mMo \$mago ZwH$gmZ hmoV Zmhr.
2. eoVmV 5 Vo 10 Ea§S>rMr PmSo> (gmnim nrH$) ~m§YmOdi bmdë`mZo Ë`mdarb H$sS>J«ñV OmirXma ‘moR>r nmZo bm§~yZM
AmoiIVm òVmV. Vr Aù`mghrV Zï> H$amdrV VgoM ‘w»` {nH$m§darb Aer nmZo Aù`mghrV Zï> H$amdrV.
3. {nH$mMr nmZo Im„obr AmT>ië`mg PmS>mÀ`m \$m§Úmda, nmbmnmMmoim, JdVmV Aù`m emoYmì`mV. gw‘mao 15 Q>¸o$ PmS>mMr
nmZo Imbo„r {Xgë`mg Eg.Eb.EZ.nr.ìhr. `m {dfmUy`wº$ O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeH$mMr 10 {‘.br. 10 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$amdr. Ë`m‘wio Aù`m§Zm 3-4 {XdgmV amoJmMr gmW hmoD$Z ‘aVmV.
4. nmdgmù¶mV Zmo‘w[a`m `m ~waerMr ¶m {H$S>rg KmVH$ gmW ngê$Z Aù`m {hadQ> amImS>r hmoVmV.
‘oboë`m Aù`m§Mo Adeof nmZmda d O{‘Zrda AmT>iVmV.
282Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

gyÌH¥$‘r
gyÌH¥$‘r hm {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ H$aUmam A{Vgyú‘ Ym½`mgmaIm bm§~Q> àmUr AgyZ Ë`mMr gamgar bm§~r 0.2 Vo 0.5 {‘.‘r.
AgVo. Vmo S>moù`m§Zr {XgV Zmhr. Ë`mbm OJÊ`mgmR>r àm‘w»`mZo Amobmdm d {nH$m§Mr Oéar AgVo. O{‘ZrVrb ‘mVrÀ`m
H$Um§À`m nmoH$irV Ë`mMo dmñVì` AgVo. Vmo O{‘ZrV AJa PmS>m§À`m A§VJ©V ^mJmV amhÿZ ZwH$gmZ H$aVmo.
‘hmamï>´>mV {Za{Zamù`m {nH$m§da gw‘mao 75 àH$maÀ`m gwÌH¥$‘tMm àmXw^m©d hmoV Agë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. Ë`mn¡H$s
{nH$m§À`m ‘wim§da JmR>r H$aUmar, ‘wÌqnS>r`, qb~ydJu` {nH$m§darb, a°S>mo\$mobg d S>°Ja `m gyÌH¥$‘tÀ`m ‘hÎdmÀ`m àOmVr
AmhoV.
gyÌH¥$‘r {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm`
gyÌH¥$‘rZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$aUo A{Ve` IMm©Mo d AdKS> Agë`mZo à{V~§YmË‘H$ Cnm` `moOZm \$m`ÚmMr R>aVo.
1. {nH$ bmJdS>rnydu O{‘ZrMr Imob Zm§JaQ> H$ê$Z O‘rZ Mm§Jbr Vmny Úmdr. Ë`m‘wio O{‘ZrVrb gyÌH¥$‘tÀ`m AdñWm
gw¶m©À¶m CîUVoZo ‘aVmV.
2. {nH$m§Mr `mo½` Vr \$o$anmbQ> H$amdr. `m‘Üò pìXXb {nH$mZ§Va EH$Xb {nHo$ KoUo \$m`ÚmMo AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. OoWo
{nH$m§Mr \$oanmbQ> H$aUo eŠ` Zmhr, VoWo CXm. ’$iPmS>m§~amo~a Am{\«$H$Z AWdm \«o$M P|Sy>gmaIr {‘l{nHo$ ¿`mdrV.
P|Sy>À`m ‘wimVrb agm`Zm‘Üò gyÌH¥$‘r ZmeH$mMo JwUY‘© Agë`mZo gyÌH¥$‘tMo {Z`§ÌU hmoVo.
3. amono AWdm H$b‘o gyÌH¥$‘rJ«ñV O{‘ZrV V`ma H$ê$ ZòV.
4. O¡{dH$ H$sS> {Z`§ÌU à`moJemim, ‘.\$w$.H¥$.{d., amhþar {Z{‘©V \w$bo Q´>m`H$moS>‘m© ßbg hoŠQ>ar 20 {H$. J«°. 1000 {bQ>a
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ à{V \$iPmS>mg g‘à‘mUmV ÐmdU AmoVë`mg AWdm H$‘rV H$‘r 100 {H$. J«°. Mm§Jbo Hw$Oboë`m
eoUIVmVyZ à{V \$iPmS>m§g g‘à‘mUmV ‘mVrV {‘gië`mg ‘wiHy$O d gyÌH¥$‘tMo à^mdr {Z`§ÌU hmoVo.
5. gyÌH¥$‘tÀ`m {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r amono AWdm H$b‘o V`ma H$aVm§Zm Ë`mM à‘mUo ^mOrnmbm bmJdS>, V¥UYmÝò, H$S>YmÝò `m§Mr
noaUr H$aVmZm H$m~m}â`wam°Z 3% XmUoXma 65 {H$. J«°. à{V hoŠQ>a `m à‘mUmV ‘mVrV {‘giyZ nmUr Úmdo. \$iPmS>m§‘Üò
`mM gyÌH¥$‘r ZmeH$m§Mr XyßnQ> ‘mÌm ~hma YaVodoir AWdm N>mQ>Ur H$aVodoir XoD$Z hbHo$ nmUr Úmdo.
‘m{hVrgmR>r g§nH©$ … à‘wI, H¥${f H$sQ>H$emó {d^mJ, ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar - 413722, {O. Ah‘XZJa,
\$moZ… 9922572789.
nnB©darc {nR>çm T>oH$UmMo ì`dñWmnZ

nnB©da n°amH$moH$g ‘m{O©Z°Q>g `m {nR>çm T>oH$UmMm CnÐd nwUo d ImZXoe ^mJmV AmT>icm Amho. Vmo 2.2 {‘.{‘. cm§~
d 1.5 {‘.{‘. é§X , {ndiga a§JmmMm, ~Xm‘r AmH$mamMm H$sQ>H$ AgyZ A§Jmda ‘oUMQ> d YmJoXma AmdaU AgVo. {n„o d àm¡T>
nmZm§da, \$im§da dmTy>Z ag emofVmV. Ë`mda {MH$Q> nXmW© gmoS>VmV.A{V CnÐdmZo \$io H$minQ> d Iam~ hmoD$Z PmS>o gwH$VmV.
OrdZH«$‘
‘mXrÀ`m Mma AdñWm … A§S>r - {n„mdñWm EH$, {n„mdñWm XmoZ - àmo¡T>.
ZamÀ`m ghm AdñWm … A§S>r - {n„mdñWm EH$, {n„mdñWm XmoZ, H$mofnyd© - H$mof, àm¡T>
{H$S>rÀ`m gwadmVrÀ`m AdñWocm am§JUmar AdñWm (H«$mD$ca) åhUVmV. A§S>çmVyZ ~mhoa Amë`m~amo~a hr {n„o ObX
hmcMmc H$arV, {nH$mMm `mo½` qH$dm ZmOyH$ ^mJ emoYyZ ImÊ`mg gwê$dmV H$aVmV. Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m AdñWoV ‘mÌ Vr hmcMmc
H$arV ZmhrV. Za ho H$‘r H$mcmdYrgmR>r {Od§V amhVmV. ‘mXrer ‘rcZ Pmë`mZ§Va Vo ‘aVmV.
ì`dñWmnZ
1) ~mJoVrb VUo CnQy>Z Ë`m§Mo {Z`§ÌU H$aUo, ~mJoV ñdÀN>Vm amIUo.
2) {nH$mMm {H$S>J«ñV ^mJ H$mTy>Z Ë`mMm Zm`ZmQ> H$aUo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 283

3) {nR>çm T>oH$UmÀ`m am§JUmè`m AdñWoda {Z`{‘V XoIaoI gd}jU.
4) A{YH$$ {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r àmXþ^m©dmÀ`m gwê$dmVrÀ`m H$mimVM ì`dñWmnZ.
5) {‘Ì {H$Q>H$m§À`m H$m`m©da cj R>odUo.
CXm. ñn°c±Jrg Bnr`g `m na^jr {‘Ì {H$Q>H$mMr Air AdñWm {‘cr~JÀ`m {d{dY AdñWm ImVo, O§Jcr VwVrda Vr
‘moR>çm à‘mUmV AmT>iVo. Ë`m Jmoim H$ê$Z {H$S>J«ñV ^mJmV JaOoZwgma gmoS>Vm òVmV. {‘Ì {H$Q>H$m§Mo à‘mU Mm§Jë¶m à‘mUmV
Agoc Va H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna Q>miVm òB©c qH$dm nwT>o T>H$cVm òB©c. `m H$sS>rda A°goamo\°$Jg nnB© hm à^mdr namonOrdr
H$sQ>H$ {ZgJ©V… òD$Z {Z`§ÌU H$aVmo.
* JaOoZwgma 2% H$Sy>qc~ Voc, 5% {Z~m|ir AH©$, {\$e Am°B©c amoPrZ gmon 25 J«°‘ à{V {cQ>a nmUr `m à‘mUmV
dmna H$amdoV.
* amgm`{ZH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§n¡H$s àmo\o$Zmo\$m°g 50 % B©gr … 20 {‘.cr., Šcmoanm`[a\$m°g 20 % B©gr-20 {‘.cr.,
ã`wàmo\$oPrZ 25 % B©gr -20 {‘.cr., S>m`{‘WmoEQ> 30 % B©gr -20 {‘.cr., Wm`‘oWmoŠPm‘ 25% S>ãë`wOr-4 J«°‘,
B{‘S>mŠcmo{àS > 17.8% EgEc - 4 {‘.cr. ¶mn¡H$s H$moUË`mhr EH$m {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMr à{V 10 {cQ>a nmÊ`mV {‘giwZ
’$dmaUr H$amdr.
àmo\o$Zmo\$m°g qH$dm S>m`{‘WmoEQ> `m§À`m~amo~a APm{S>aoŠQ>rZ 1500 nrnrE_ 20 {‘.cr. à{V 10 {cQ>a nmUr qH$dm
APm{S>aoŠQ>rZ (10000 nrnrE‘) 20 {‘.cr. + Mm§Jë`m JwUdÎmoMo pñQ>H$a 10 {‘.cr. à{V 10 {cQ>a nmUr Ago, {‘giyZ
\$dmaUr H$amdr. Ë`mZ§Va n§Yam {Xdgm§Zr {nR>çm T>oH$UmMr am§JUmar {n„mdñWm {ZXe©Zmg Amë`mg Xþgar \$dmaUr H$amdr.
\$im§Vrc ag emofUmè`m nV§JmMo ì`dñWmnZ
`m {H$S>rMm nV§J AmH$f©H$ AgyZ Ë`m§Mm ‘moR>m AmH$ma d a§Jmdê$Z Vo ghOnUo AmoiIy òVmV. nyU© dmT> Pmcoë`m nV§Jm§Zm
n§Im§À`m ‘O~yV OmoS>çm Agë`mZo Vo ~aoM Xÿa CSy>Z OmVmV. nV§JmÀ`m n§Im§Mr ‘mJrc OmoS>r {ndù`m a§JmMr Am{U doJdoJù`m
àOmVrZwgma Ë`mda {d{dY AmH$mamMo {R>nHo$ AgVmV.
ZwH$gmZrMm àH$ma
`m {H$S>rMo nV§J amÌrÀ`mM doir \$im§da h„m H$aVmV. åhUyZ gmYmaUV… amÌr 8 Vo 11 Am{U nhmQ>o 5 Vo 6 À¶m
Xaå`mZ `m nV§JmMm àmXþ^m©d {XgyZ òVmo. nV§J ~mJoV Amë`mZ§Va \$i emoYyZ Ë`mda ~gyZ Vo \$im§Zm Amnë`m gm|S>oZo
gyú‘ {N>Ð nmSy>Z gm|S> IwngyZ AmVrc ag emofZ H$aVmV. H$mcm§VamZo {N>Ð nS>coë`m OmJoda JmocmH$ma MÅ>m V`ma hmoVmo Am[U
Ë`m OmJr \$io gS>Ê`mg gwê$dmV hmoVo. Aem {R>H$mUr BVa namonOrdr ~waetMm àmXþ^m©d hmoVmo d Z§Va
àmXþ^m©drV \$io JiyZ nS>VmV. \$im§Mr àV H$‘r Pmë`mZo Aer \$io {dH«$s `mo½` amhV ZmhrV. ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV àmXþ^m©d
Pmë`mg 50 Vo 60 R>ŠŠ`m§n`ªV ZwH$gmZ Pmë`mMo {XgyZ òVo.
ho ag emofUmao nV§J ‘mog§~r ì`{V[aŠV S>mit~, g§Ìr, noê$, nnB©, Q>mo‘°Q>mo, {MHy$, am‘\$i, {gVm\$i, A§Ora B. \$im§dahr
àmXÿ^m©d H$aVmV. `m nV§JmMm àmXÿ^m©d VwcZmË‘H$ÑîQ>çm Ceram A§~r`m ~hma Am{U ‘¥J ~hmamV OmñV à‘mUmV {XgyZ òVmo.
Am°JñQ> Vo Am°ŠQ>mo~a `m nmdgmir H$mcmdYrV àmXþ^m©d OmñV à‘mUmV AgVmo. H$maU nmdgmir hdm‘mZmV OyZ Vo Am°JñQ>
H$mcmdYrV OrdZH«$‘ nyU© hmoD$Z `m {nT>rMo nV§J ~mhoa nS>VmV.
OrdZH«$‘
`m {H$S>rMm OrdZH«$‘ A§S>r KmcÊ`mnmgyZ Vo nV§JmMr nyU© dmT> hmoB©n`ªV O§Jcr dZñnVtda hmoVmo. Ë`mV {d{dY JdVo
Am{U doctMm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. CXm. Jwidoc, dmgZdoc, nm§Jmam Am{U ‘Yy‘mcVr B. docdJu` dZñnVr {deof H$ê$Z
ZXrZmë`m§À`m H$S>obm VWm O§Jcm‘Üò AmT>iVmV. ‘mXr nV§J ¶m dZñnVtÀ`m nmZmda M‘H$Umar nm§T>è`m a§JmMr A§S>r
KmcVmV. EH$ ‘mXr Odinmg 800 Vo 900 A§S>r KmcVo. A§S>r JmocmH$ma d Imcrc ~mOyg gnmQ> AgVmV. C~Ê`mÀ`m doir
A§S>çmMm a§J Zma§Jr hmoVmo. Vr A§S>r 2 Vo 3 {XdgmV C~VmV d Ë`mVyZ chmZ {ndiga a§JmÀ`m Amù`m ~mhoa nS>VmV.
gwê$dmVrcm Aù`m da Z‘yX Hoo$coë`m doctÀ`m nmZm§Zm IadSy>Z ImVmV Am{U dmT>rÀ`m AdñWoV Z§Va Ë`m nyU© nmZo Hw$aVSy>Z
284Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

ImVmV. Ë¶m§Mo nmZo ImÊ`mMo à‘mUhr \$ma Amho. Air AdñWm nwU© hmoB©n`ªV 5 Vo 6 doim H$mV Q>mH$Vo. AirMr nyU© dmT>
hmoÊ`mg 12 Vo 14 {Xdgm§Mm H$mcmdYr cmJVmo. nyU© dmT> Pmcoë`m AirMm a§J Vn{H$ar hmoVmo. Air ñdV…^modVr H$mof {dUyZ
H$mofmdñWoV OmVo. H$mofmdñWm `m doctdaM AgVo. Xhm Vo n§Yam {Xdgm§Zr Ë`mVyZ nV§J ~mhoa nS>Vmo. OrdZH«$‘ nyU© hmoÊ`mg 60
Vo 70 {Xdg cmJVmV. Aem àH$mao nV§JmMr AdñWm nyU© hmoB©n`ªV `m {H$S>rMm OrdZH«$‘ BVa dZñnVtda hmoV Agë`mZo Ë`m§Mo
{Z`§ÌU H$aUo {VVHo$M H$R>rU Amho. H$maU A§S>r, Air Am{U H$mof `m AdñWm ‘mog§~r, S>mqi~, g§Ìm B. \$i {nH$m§da hmoV
Zgë`mZo nV§J H$mofmVyZ ~mhoa nS>ë`mZ§Va ImÚ emoYÊ`mg \$i~mJm§H$S>o Ymd KoVmV. ho nV§J Odinmg 30 Vo 55 {Xdgm n`ªV
OJVmV. åhUyZ nV§JmMm Zm`ZmQ> H$aUo H«$‘àmá R>aVo. Ë¶mgmR>r A§S>r, Air Am{U H$mofmcm nyaH$ AgUmè`m dZñnVtÀ`m
~mJoÀ`m qH$dm ZXr-Zmë`m§À`m {H$Zmar doirM ~§Xmo~ñV H$aUo JaOoMo Amho. `m H$arVm gm‘wXm{`H$ à`ËZm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm Amho.
ì`dñWmnZmH$arVm Cnm``moOZm
1) nmdgmù`mV ~mJoÀ`m g^modVr ~m§Ymdarc qH$dm ZXrZmë`m§À`m {H$Zmè`mdarc Aircm nyaH$ AgUmè`m dZñnVtMm
Zm`ZmQ> H$amdm.
2) eŠ` Agë`mg gßQ>|~a Vo Am°ŠQ>mo~a `m H$mcmdYrV \$io nŠd hmoUma ZmhrV, Aem nÜXVrZo \$im§À`m h§Jm‘mMo
{Z`moOZ H$amdo.
3) ~mJoVrc Imcr nS>coë`m \$im§Mm Jmoim H$ê$Z Zme H$amdm.
4) nV§Jm§Mm àmXÿ^m©d gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va OmñVrV OmñV à‘mUmV nV§J Jmoim H$ê$Z ‘maUo, ho n[aUm‘H$maH$ Amho. Ë`mH$arVm amÌr
7 Vo 11 Am{U nhmQ>o 5 Vo 6 `mdoir ~mJoV Q>|^m (‘emc) qH$dm ~°Q>arÀ`m ghmæ`mZo \$im§da ~gcoë`m nV§Jm§Zm nH$Sy>Z
Ë`m§Mm am°Ho$c {‘lrV nmÊ`mV Q>mHy$Z Zme H$amdm.
nrH$ g§ajUmMr AdOmao

nrH$ g§ajU gmYZo … YwaiUr e³¶Vmo Q>mimdr. AÝ¶Wm {‘Ì H$sQ>H$ OmñV ‘mabo OmVmV.
A) \$dmaÊ`mMr gmYZo … [H$S>r§À`m ~§Xmo~ñVmÀ`m Ñï>rZo ÐdénmVrb {H$S>ZmeHo$ ^wH$Q>rnojm OmñV à^mdr Am{U H$‘r
IMm©Mr R>aVmV. åhUyZ nmUr CnbãY Agë`mg ÐdénmVrb qH$dm nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmaUr H$aVm òUmar {H$S>ZmeHo$
dmnaVm òVmV. Aem \$dmaUrMo 1) Eamogmob \$dmam åhUOo hdoV Va§JUmao gyú‘ H$U Am{U 2) aogrS>çwb AWdm
n¥ð>^mJmda {Q>Hy$Z amhUmam \$dmam Ago XmoZ n«H$ma AmhoV. Eamogmob‘Yrb \$dmè`mMo Ðdê$n AË`§V bhmZ H$U AgVmV.
Ë`m‘wio Vo ~amM doi hdoV amhVmV. hdoV CS>Umè`m {H$Q>H$m§À`m ~§Xmo~ñVmgmR>r åhUOo S>mg, ‘mem qH$dm JwXm‘mVrb
{H$S>rMo nV§J `mda \$dmaUrgmR>r `m§Mm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. n¥ð>^mJmdarb \$dmaUrgmR>r Imbrb ñào n§n dmnaVmV.
1) ñQ>ran n§n qH$dm ñào n§n … EH$m {nVir ZirÀ`m (0.50 Vo 0.75 ‘r. bm§~) darb ~mOyg n§n ~g{dbobm AgVmo.
n§n ~mXbrVrb nmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ gm`H$bÀ`m n§nmà‘mUo Vmo Mmb{dë`mg Ë`mbm OmoS>boë`m ßc°pñQ>H$À`m ZirdmQ>o \$dmam ~mhoa
nS>Vmo. hm n§n Mmb{dÊ`mg XmoZ ‘mUgm§Mr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. hm n§n ^mOrnmë`mÀ`m {nH$m§gmR>r Cn`wº$ R>aVmo. EH$m {Xder
AYm© Vo nmD$U hoŠQ>a joÌ n§nmZo \$dmabo OmVo.
2) H$m±àoeZ ñàoAa … (Q>mH$sMm ñào n§n) - n§nmMr Q>mH$s {nVir qH$dm ñQ>oZbog ñQ>rbMr AgyZ Vr nmR>rda ~m§YyZ \$dmaUr H$aVm
òVo. \$dmaUrnydu Q>mH$sV 2/3 ^mJ ÐmdU ^ê$Z n§nmZo hdoMm `mo½` Vmo Xm~ {Z‘m©U H$amdm. nmR>rda ~m§YyZ `m n§nmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo
EH$m ‘mUgmg \$dmaUr H$aVm òVo. Xm~ H$‘r Pmë`mg hdm ^ê$Z `mo½` Vmo Xm~ {Z‘m©U H$amdm. ~mOmamV 5 Vo 20 {bQ>a j‘Vm
Agboë`m Q>mH$sMo ñào n§n CnbãY AgVmV. `m n§nmZo amoO gw‘mao AYm© hoŠQ>a joÌ \$dmaVm òVo.
3) am°qH$J ñào n§n … hm n§n bm§~ Xm§S>çmÀ`m ghmæ`mZo bmH$S>r \$irda ~g{dboë`m {nVir ZirdmQ>o hdoMm Xm~ {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z
dmnaVm òVmo. EH$m ~mXbrV nmUr KoD$Z Ë`mV \w$Q>ìhm°ëìh ~wS>{dbm OmVmo. Xm§S>m hb{dë`mZo \w$Q>ìhm°bëìh‘Yrb {‘lU emofbo
OmVo, Ë`m‘wio nmUr n§nmV MT>Vo d n§nmÀ`m Am{U \$dmaUr ZirÀ`m‘Üò nmVi {‘lU gmR>dyZ Ë`mda hdoMm `mo½` Xm~ amIbm
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 285

OmVmo. Ë`m‘wio gVV n§n Z ‘maVmhr \$dmè`mMm `mo½` Xm~ R>odVm òVmo. `m n§nm‘wio hdoMm Xm~ Iyn dmT>dyZ C§M PmS>mdahr
\$dmaUr H$aVm òVo. \$dmaUrÀ`m ZirÀ`m ‘mJo bm§~ ßc°pñQ>H$ Zir ~g{dbr Agë`mZo EH$m OmJr n§n R>odyZ qH$dm C§M PmS>mda
MTy>Z \$dmaUr H$aVm òVo. hm n§n Mmb{dÊ`mg XmoZ ‘mUgm§Mr JaO AgVo. XaamoO AYm© Vo nmD$U hoŠQ>a \$dmaUr hmoD$ eH$Vo.
4) noQ´>moc n§n … ¶m n§nmÛmao H$‘r (200-300 {b./ho) nmÊ`mV d {H$S>ZmeH$mMr ho³Q>ar ‘mÌm VodT>rM (BVa n§nmÀ`m VwbZoV
à{V n§n 3 nQ>) R>oD$Z ’$dmaUr H$aVm ¶oVo. AÜ`m© Aídeº$sMo B§{OZÛmam 15 {b. Q>mH$sV ÐmdU ^ê$Z \$dmaVm òVo.
\$dmaVmZm n§n nmR>rda ¿`m`Mm Agë`mZo ‘erZMm ‘moR>m AmdmO òVmo. ho n§n ~waer`wº$ O¡{dH$ H$sS>ZmeH$mgmR>r dmnê$
ZòV.
5) nm`mZo MmbdÊ`mMo \$dmaUr `§Ì - (n°S>b qH$dm \w$Q>ñno«Aa) … `m n§nmMr aMZm am°H$s¨J ñàogmaIr AgVo.
na§Vw hmVmEodOr Vmo nm`mZo Mmb{dVm òVmo. Ë`m‘wio Mmb{dÊ`mg {deof l‘ nS>V Zmhr. `m n§nmZo EH$m {Xder EH$
hoŠQ>a \$dmaUr H$aVm òVo. `m gd© n§nmÀ`m \$dmaUrÀ`m ZirÀ`m Vm|S>mda EH$ ZmoPb ~g{dbobm AgVmo. ZmoPbÀ`m
{N>ÐmÀ`m AmH$mamdê$Z H$‘r [H§$dm OmñV à‘mUmV Ðd \$dmabo OmVo. H$‘r à‘mUmVrb Ðd \$dmaUrg bmo ìhm°ë`y‘ ñào
qH$dm H$‘r à‘mUmVrb \$dmam, Am{U hm` ìhm°ë`y‘ ñào åhUOo OmñV à‘mUmVrb \$dmam, Ago åhUVmV. bmo ìhm°ë`y‘
ñàogmR>r hoŠQ>ar 150 {bQ>a ÐmdU nwaogo hmoVo. Va hm` ìhm°ë`y‘ ñàogmR>r hoŠQ>ar 500-1000 {bQ>a ÐmdU bmJVo.
ho{bH$m°ßQ>a/{d‘mZmVyZ H$mhr doim AëQ´>m bmo ìhm°ë`y‘ ñào {Xbm OmVmo. Ë`mg EH$ Vo XrS> brQ>a Am¡fYmMo à‘mU VodT>oM
AgVo. \$º$ nmÊ`mMo à‘mU H$‘r qH$dm OmñV Ho$bo OmVo. `m{edm` `§Ìmda MmbUmao n§nhr ~mOmamV CnbãY AmhoV.
O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ \$dmaÊ`mMr `mo½` gmYZo … {dfmUy`wº$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ H$moUË`mhr n§nmZo \$dmabr Var MmbVmV. ‘mÌ ~waer`wº$
{H$S>ZmeH$mgmR>r noQ´>mb n§n dmnê$ Zò. {nH$mV Amobga hdm‘mZ hmoD$Z ~waer {H$S>tZm ‘maÊ`mgmR>r
à^mdrnUo H$m`© H$aVo.
BVa gmYZo … ^wH$Q>r YwaiUr `§Ì Am{U \$dmaUrMo `§Ì, `m{edm` O{‘ZrV H$sS>ZmeH$ {‘giUmar gmYZo gm°B©b
B§OoŠQ>a, {~`mÊ`mg H$sS>ZmeH$ MmoiÊ`mMo `§Ì, grS> S´>oqgJ S´>‘, gm¶ZmoJ°g n§n (C§XamMo {~imV Am¡fY \$dmaÊ`mgmR>r
n§n), A{¾Ádmbm \$o$H$Umao gmYZ, H¥${Ì‘ AmdmOmÛmao njm§Zm hþgH$mdÊ`mMo `§Ì, pñd§J \$m°J ‘erZ VgoM hdmB©\$dmaUr
B. gmYZm§Mm H$sS> {Z`§ÌUmgmR>r Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmVmo.
H$sQ>H$ZmeH$m§Mo Xþîn[aUm‘ H$‘r H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmnamÀ¶m nÜXVr
1) g§nyU© nrH$ \$dmaUr … {nH$mda {H$S>rMm 5 Q>³Ho$ nojm OmñV àmXþ^m©d Agë¶mg {Z‘¶w³V d O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$
\$dmamdrV. ‘mÌ 10 Q>³Ho$ n¶ªV CnÐd Agë¶mg ag emofUmè¶m {H$S>tgmR>r {e\$maerV Am§Vaàdmhr amgm¶{ZH$
{H$S>ZmeHo$ Va nmZo ImUmè¶m d nmoIaUmè¶m Aù¶mgmR>r ñne©OÝ¶/nmoQ> {dfo dmnamdrV.
2) nÅ>m \$dmaUr … {H$S>tMm CnÐd 5 Vo 10 Q>³Ho$ n¶ªV Agë¶mg {nH$m§Mo 2 {‘Q>aMo nÅ>o Yê$Z EH$mAmS> EH$m nQ²>Q>çmda
qH$dm \$iPmS> {nH$mÀ¶m EH$mAmS> EH$ Amoirda {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmnamdrV. Ë¶m‘wio {H$S>tÀ¶m Z¡g{J©H$ eÌw§Mo VoWo g§ajU hmoD$Z
amgm¶{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mo Xþîn[aUm‘ H$‘r hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
3) I§S> \$dmaUr … {H$S>tMm CnÐd \$io, ~m|S>o, e|Jm B. 5 Q>³Ho$ nojm OmñV Agë¶mg nÅ>m \$dmaUr à‘mUo gwédmVrg
\$dmaUr Ho$ë¶mZ§Va Caboë¶m nQ²>Q>çm§da 10 {XdgmÀ¶m A§VamZo \$dmaUr H$amdr. Ë¶m‘wio O¡{dH$ VgoM amgm¶{ZH$
{H$S>ZmeH$m§darb 50 Q>³Ho$ IM© dmMVmo d Xþîn[aUm‘ H$‘r hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo.
286Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{H$S>ZmeHo$ IaoXr H$aVm§Zm cjmV ¿`md`mÀ`m ~m~r
1. {nH$m§da ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tgmR>r 15 Vo 20 % PmS>m§da d ImoS> {H$S>o, ~m|S> Aù`m nmZo nmoIaUmè`m/Jw§S>miUmè`m/
ImUmè`m Aù`m§Mm CnÐd 5 % nojm OmñV Agë`mg amgm`{ZH$ {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm. `mnojm H$‘r CnÐd
Agë`mg O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$ dmnamdrV.
2. \$ŠV Vkm§Ûmao, H¥${fXe©Zr, nrH$ g§ajU nwpñVH$m d BVa {dídmgnmÌ X¡{ZHo$, {Z`VH$m{cHo ¶mÛmam {e\$mag Ho$bobr
{H$S>ZmeHo$ ¿`mdrV.
3. ag emofUmè`m {H$S>tÀ¶m {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r Am§Vaàdmhr d dZñnVrMo {d{dY ^mJ ImUmè`m {H$S>tgmR>r ñne© d nmoQ> {dfo
{e\$mag Ho$boë¶m ‘mÌoZwgma dmnamdrV.
4. {H$S>ZmeH$m§À`m ~mQ>ë`m VWm nm{H$Q>o IaoXr H$aVm§Zm Ë`mdarc dmnamMr A§{V‘ VmarI ~KyZ ¿`mdr.
5. AmnUm§g hdo Agcoco {H$S>ZmeH$mMo Vm§{ÌH$ Zm§d d Ë`mMo à‘mU KQ>H$mV {Xcoco Amho, `mMr ImÌr H$ê$Z ¿`mdr.
CXm. B{‘S>m³cmoàrS> ho Vm§{ÌH$ Zm§d H$m±{’$S>m°a 17.8 % Eg.Ec., Q>mQ>m{‘S>m 17.8 % Eg.Ec. B. ì`mnmar ZmdmZo
{‘iV Agco Var àËòH$ n°qH$Jda KQ>H$mImcr B{‘S>m³cmoàrS> d Ë`mMo à‘mU Xe©{dcoco AgVo.
6. H$moUË`mhr Vkm§H$S>o OmÊ`mAJmoXa {H$S>rMm Z‘wZm, dmnacoë`m {H$S>ZmeH$m§Mr ì`mnmar d Vm§{ÌH$ Zmdo {H$S>rÀ`m CnÐdmMo
à‘mU Aer ‘m{hVr {Xë`mg {H$S> g‘ñ`m§da `mo½` {e\$mag {‘iVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 287

~mOmamV CnbãY Agbobr H$mhr {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$
A.H«$. {H$Q>H$ZmeH$mMo Vm{§ÌH$ Zmd {nH$ d {Z¶§{ÌV hmoUmè¶m {H$S>r
1 b°‘S>m gm¶hobmoW«rZ 5% H$mnyg-~m|S> Aù¶m, VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, ^mV - nmZmMr KS>r
B©.gr. H$aUmar Air, ImoS>{H$S>m, {hado VwS>VwS>o, JmR>r H$aUmar ‘mer,
{hñnm ^w§Joam, ’w$b{H$S>o, dm§Jr-e|S>m Air, Q>mo‘°Q>mo-’$i nmoIaUmar
Air, {‘aMr - ’w$b{H$S>o, H$moir, ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, Vwa-e|J
‘mer, e|J nmoIaUmar Air, H$m§Xm - ’w$b{H$S>o, ^|S>r - ’w$b{H$S>o,
’$i nmoIaUmar Air, haâm- KmQ>o nmoIaUmar Air, ^wB©‘wJ-
’w$b{H$S>o, VwS>VwS>o, ZmJAmir, Am§~m - VwS>VwS>o
2 pñnZmog°S> 45 Eg.gr. H$mnyg - A‘o[aH$Z ~m|S> Air, {‘aMr - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air,
’w$b{H$S>o, Vwa - e|J nmoIaUmar Air
3 àmo’o$Zmo’$m°g 50 B©.gr. Mhm - bmb H$moir, Jwbm~r H$moir, Mhmdarb T>oHy$U, C§Q> Air
’w$b{H$S>o, VwS>VwS>o, H$mnyg-~m|S>Aù¶m, VwS>VwS>o, ‘mdm, ’w$c{H$S>o
nm§T>ar ‘mer
4 B§S>mo³PmH$m~© 14.5 Eg.gr. H$mnyg-~m|S>Aù¶m, H$mo~r-nmR>rdarb Mm¡H$moZr {Q>n³¶mMm nV§J,
{‘aMr - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, Q>mo‘°Q>mo - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air,
Vwa-e|Jm nmoIaUmè¶m Aù¶m
5 Wm¶moS>rH$m~© 75 Eg.nr. H$m|~r - Mm¡H$m¡Zr nmR>rdarb {Q>n³¶mMm nV§J, H$mnyg-~m|S> Aù¶m,
dm§Jr - e|S>m Am{U ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, {‘aMr- ’$i nmoIaUmar Air
6 ³bmoanm¶ar’$m°g 20 ^mV - {hñnm ^w§Joam, nmZo Jw§S>miUmar Air, JmR> H$aUmar ‘mer,
Eg.gr. ImoS>{H$S>m, nm|½¶mVrb Air, dmc-e|J nmoIaUmar Air, H$mim
T>oHy$U, haâm - O{‘ZrbJV ~w§Ym H$mnUmar Air, D$g -
H$mim T>oHy$U, gwédmVrMm ImoS>{H$S>m, nm¶arbm, H$mnyg - ‘mdm,
~m|S>Air, nm§T>ar ‘mer, ~w§Ym> O{‘ZrbJV H$mnUmar Air, ^wB©‘wJ
- ‘wimdarb ^w§Joam
7 p³dZm°b’$m°g 25 B©.gr. ^mV - Vn{H$ar VwS>VwS>o, {hñnm ^w§Joam, nmZo Jw§S>miUmar Air,
ImoS>{H$S>m, Ádmar - H$moir, ImoS>‘mer, Jhÿ - ‘mdm, Am|~rdarb
Air, H$moir, Vwa- e|Jm nmoIaUmar Air, e|J‘mer, D$g-H$mim
T>oHy$U, VwS>VwS>o, ImoS>{H$S>m, ^wB©‘wJ-VwS>VwS>o, ZmJAmir, ’w$b{H$S>o,
^|S>r - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, VwS>VwS>o, H$moir, dm§Jr - VwS>VwS>o,
e|S>m d ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, H$mo~r - ‘mdm, {‘aMr - ‘mdm,
H$moir, H$m§Xm - ’w$b{H$S>o
8 A°grQ>°‘ràrS> 20 Eg.nr. H$mnyg - ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, nm§T>ar ‘mer
9 Q´>m¶Pmo’$m°g 40 Eg.gr. H$mnyg-Jwbm~r d {Q>n³¶mMr ~m|S>Air, nm§T>ar ‘mer, ^mV-
ImoS>{H$S>m, nmZmMr KS>r KmbUmar Air, {hñnm ^w§Joam, {hado
VwS>VwS>o, Vn{H$ar VwS>VwS>o, nm§T>è¶m nmR>rMo VwS>VwS>o, gmo¶m~rZ-JS>©Z
^w§Joam, ZmJAir, dm§Jr-e|S>m d ’$i nmoIaUmar Air
288Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

10 A°gr’o$Q> 75 Eg.nr.* H$mnyg-VwS>VwS>o, ~mo§S>Air, H$aS>B© - ‘mdm, ^mV - ImoS>{H$S>m,
Vn{H$ar VwS>VwS>o d {hado VwS>VwS>o
11 S>m¶‘oWmoEQ> 30 B©.gr. ‘H$m -ImoS>{H$S>m, Ádmar-{‘O‘mer, Vwa-e|Jm nmoIaUmar Air,
’w$b{H$S>o, H$mnyg-‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, ^wB©‘wJ-ZmJAir,
^|S>r - ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, dm§Jr - VwS>VwS>o, e|S>o Amir, {‘aMr-H$moir,
VwS>VwS>o, H$m§Xm - ’w$b{H$S>o, Q>mo‘°Q>mo-nm§T>ar ‘mer.
12 Wm¶mo{‘Wmo³Pm‘ 25 S>ãë¶w. ^mV- ImoS>{H$S>m, JmR> H$aUmar ‘mer, Vn{H$ar VwS>VwS>o, {hado
Or. * VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, H$mnyg-‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, nm§T>ar‘mer,
^|S>r - VwS>VwS>o, ‘mdm, ’w$b{H$S>o, Am§~m - VwS>VwS>o, Jhÿ-‘mdm,
Q>mo‘°Q>mo - nm§T>ar ‘mer
13 ’$moaoQ> 10 Or. * ^mV - JmR> H$aUmar ‘mer, {hñnm ^w§Joao, VwS>VwS>o, ImoS>{H$S>m,
Ádmar - ImoS>‘mer, ‘mdm, hþ‘Ur Air, e|S>o{H$S>, H$mnyg-‘mdm,
VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, nm§T>ar‘mer, ^wB©‘wJ-ZmJAir, ‘mdm, hþ‘Ur
Air, dm§Jr - VwS>VwS>o, e|S>m d ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, ‘mdm,
’w$b{H$S>o, Q>mo‘°Q>mo-nm§T>ar ‘mer
14 ’$ë¶~wS|>rA‘mBS©> 48 Eg.gr. ^mV - nmZo Jw§S>miUmar Air, ImoS>{H$S>m, H$mny $ g-~m|S>Aù¶m
15 ’o$ZìhbaoQ> 20 B©.gr. * ’w$bH$mo~r - nmR>rdarb {R>n³¶mMr nV§J, ‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, H$mnyg-
‘mdm, VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o nm§T>ar‘mer, dm§Jr- e|S>m d ’$i nmoIaUmar
Air, ‘mdm, ^|S>r - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, VwS>VwS>o.
16 gm¶na‘oW«rZ 25 B©.gr. * H$mnyg - ~m|S> Aù¶m, VwS>VwS>o, ’w$b{H$S>o, ^|S>r - ’$i nmoIaUmar
Air, VwS>VwS>o, dm§Jr - VwS>VwS>o, e|S>m d ’$i nmoIaUmar Air
17 S>m¶H$mo’$m°b 18.5 B©.gr. ^|S>r-bmb H$moir, H$mnyg - bmb H$moir, {ndim H$moir,
dm§Jr - bmb H$moir
18 S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ 2.8 B©.gr. H$mnyg - ~m|S> Aù¶m, ag emofH$ {H$S>r, ^|S>r - ’$i nmoIaUmar
Air, VwS>VwS>o, ^wB©‘wJ-ZmJAir, Am§~m - VwS>VwS>o, {‘aMr - ’$i
nmoIaUmar Air, haâm - KmQ>o nmoIaUmar Air
19 H$m~m©arb 50 S>ãë¶w.S>r.nr. ‘H$m - ImoS>{H$S>m, ^mV - {hado VwS>VwS>o, H$mnyg-VwS>VwS>o, Jwbm~r
*
~m|S> Amir, {Q>n³¶mMr ~m|S>Air, ’w$b{H$S>o, nm§T>ar ‘mer
20 S>m¶³bmoaìhm°g ^mV - Vn{H$ar VwS>VwS>o, bîH$ar Air, nmZo Jw§S>miUmar
>(S>rS>rìhrnr) 76 B©.gr. * Air, gmo¶m~rZ-nmZo ImUmar Air, D$g - nm¶arbm, Ea§S> -
Ho$gmi Air, ^wB©‘wJ - bmb Ho$gmi Air, gw¶©’w$b - C§Q> Air
21 {‘Wmo‘rb 40 Eg.nr. * H$mnyg - ~m|S>Aù¶m, Vwa - e|Jm nmoIaUmè¶m Aù¶m, Q>mo‘°Q>mo-
’$i nmoIaUmar Air, {‘aMr - ’$i nmoIaUmar Air, ’w$b{H$S>o,
^wB©‘wJ - nmZo ImUmar Air, Ðmj - {nR>çm T>oHy$U.
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23 A~m‘o³Q>rZ 1.9 B©.gr. Jwbm~ - bmb H$moir
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‘§S>imH$S>o Zm|X Pmboë¶m {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mr ¶mXr www.cibrc.nic.in ¶m g§Ho$VñWimda ‘m{hVrgmR>r CnbãY Amho.
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nyU© hmoVmV. Jm§Sw>i H$moaS>çm ‘mVrV AWdm nmÊ`mV OJy eH$V Zmhr. `mMoo Am`wî` àm‘w»`mZo Ë`mÀ`m OmVrda Adb§~yZ AgVo.
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Jm§Sy>i IV n¡Xmg H$aÊ`mMo V§Ì
Jm§Sw>i n¡Xmg H$aÊ`mgmR>r B{g{Z`m \$mo¶Q>rS>m `m {dXoer OmVrMm dmna H$amdm. VgoM Jm§Sw>imÀ`m IS²>S>çmda {Xdgâ
gmdbr am{hb, `mà‘mUo N>ßna H$amdo. gmYmaUnUo 2000 Jm§Sw>io IS²>S>çm§‘Üò gmoSy>Z Ë`m§À`mnmgyZ àOZZ, VgoM Jm§Sy>iIV
(ìh{‘©H§$nmoñQ>) {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r O{‘Zr‘Üò 20 g|.‘r. ImobrMm 1 ‘rQ>a bm§~ d 60 g|. ‘r. é§X Agm$ IÈ>m ImoXmdm. `m
IS²>S>çm§‘Üò AY©o H§$nmoñQ> IV d AY©o AY©dQ> Hw$Obobo g|{Ð` nXmW© åhUOoM nmbmnmMmoim {‘giyZ IÈ>m âmdm. åhUOoM hm
JmXr dm\$m V`ma hmoB©b. ho ImÚ A§XmOo 200 {H$.J«°. hmoVo. `m JmXr dmâ`m‘Üò 2000 Jm§Sw>io gmoS>mdrV. Jm§Sw>io gmoS>ë`mZ§Va
`m JmXrdmâ`mda JmoUnmQ>mMo AmÀN>mXZ H$ê$Z Ë`mda {XdgmVyZ 3 doim nmUr qenS>mdo. AemàH$mao Jm§Sw>i >IV (ìh{‘©H§$nmoñQ>)
V`ma hmoVo. ho >IV V`ma Pmë`mZ§Va hmVmZo Jm§Sw>iIV ~mOybm H$amdo. eŠ`Vmo IV doJio H$aVm§Zm AdOmamMm ({Q>H$md, Imoao,
Iwano B.) dmna H$ê$ Zò. Ë`m‘wio Jm§Sw>im§Zm BOm nmohMVo. nyU© dmT> Pmbobr Jm§Sw>io da Z‘wX Ho$ë`mà‘mUo nwÝhm JmXr dmâ`mV
gmoS>mdrV. `m Jm§Sw>i IVm‘Üò Jm§Sw>imMr A§S>r, Ë`m§Mr {dï>m, Hw$Obobo IV d ‘mVr `m§Mo {‘lU AgVo. ho Jm§Sw>i IV eoVm‘Üò
IV åhUyZ dmnaVm òVo qH$dm N>moQ>çm IS²>S>çm§‘Üò nmbmnmMmoim, eoUIV, ‘mVr `m§Mo {‘lU Q>mHy$Z Ë`mV {‘giyZ Úmdo. VoWo
Jm§Sw>im§Mr n¡Xmg gwê$ hmoVo. na§Vw hm IÈ>m Zoh‘r Amobga R>odmdm. B{g{Z`m Jm§Sy>i Xoer Jm§Sy>imgmaIo O{‘ZrV Imobda OmV
ZmhrV. åhUyZ Vo IV H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`wº$ AmhoV.
Jm§Sy>imMo eoVrgmR>r \$m`Xo
1) Jm§Sw>im‘wio O{‘ZrMm nmoV gwYmaVmo.
2) ‘mVrÀ`m H$Um§À`m aMZoV Cn`wº$ ~Xb KS>{dbm OmVmo.
3) Jm§Sw>imMr {dï>m åhUOo EH$ CÎm‘ n«H$maMo IV Amho, `mbm øy‘g Ago åhUVmV. `mVyZ PmS>mÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r
bmJUmao ñ\w$aX, nmbme d BVa gyú‘Ðìò PmS>m§Zm ghOmghOr d Vm~S>Vmo~ CnbãY hmoVmV.
4) O{‘ZrMr Z¡g{J©H$ ‘emJV Ho$br OmVo. Ë`m‘wio O{‘ZrV hdm IoiVr amhÿZ ‘wim§Mr dmT> Mm§Jbr hmoVo.
5) O{‘ZrV nmUr Yê$Z R>odÊ`mMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo d nmÊ`mMo ~mînr^dZ \$maM H$‘r hmoVo
6) O{‘ZrMr Yyn H$‘r hmoVo.
7) O{‘ZrMm gm‘y `mo½` nmVirV amIbm OmVmo
8) Jm§Sw>i ImbÀ`m WamVrb ‘mVr da AmUVmV d {Vbm CÎm‘ àVrMr ~Z{dVmV.
9) Cn`wº$ {OdmUyÀ`m g§»ò‘Üò â‘gmR> dmT> hmoD$Z daIVo Am{U nmÊ`mÀ`m IMm©V ~MV hmoVo.
10) PmS>m§Mr geº$ dmT> hmoD$Z Ë`m§À`mV H$mhr à‘mUmV {H$S>tZm d amoJm§Zm à{VH$ma$ H$aÊ`mMr eº$s {Z‘m©U hmoVo.
11) Jm§Sy>i IV {deofV… AÞYmÝ`, ^mOrnmbm d \$i~mJmV Cn`wº$ AgVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 295

hþ‘Ur AirMm ~§Xmo~ñV
‘hmamîQ´>mV àm‘w»¶mZo Ádmar, ^mV, D$g, B. {nHo$ IarnmV, VgoM Jhÿ, haâm B. {nHo$ a~r h§Jm‘mV KoVbr
OmVmV. ¶m {nH$m§da hþ‘Ur AirMm CnÐd ~è¶mM A§er dmT>bm Amho. ¶m {H$S>rÀ¶m CnÐdm‘wio gd©gmYmaUnUo 30 Vo 80
Q>³Ho$ ZwH$gmZ hmoVo.
emídV nmUrnwadR>çmÀ¶m O{‘ZrV KoVë¶m OmUmè¶m {nH$m§‘Ü¶o Amobmdm Am{U AÞnwadR>m OmñV hmoV Agë¶mZo hþ‘Ur
AirMm àmXþ©^md dmT>V Amho. ¶m {H$S>rH$S>o Xþb©j Pmë¶mg {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ hmoUma ho {ZpíMV Amho.
hþ‘UrÀ¶m XmoZ AdñWm - ^w§Joam d Air {nH$mMo ZwH$gmZ H$aV AgVmV. ^w§Joam PmS>mMr nmZo ImVmV, Va Aù¶m
{nH$m§Mr ‘wio ImVmV. Air AdñWm {nH$mg AË¶§V hmZrH$maH$ Amho. Ë¶m‘wio {nH$ dmiyZ OmVo. OmñV àmXÿ^m©d Pmë¶mg
eoVmVrb g§nyU© {nH$ Zme nmdVo.
didmMm n{hbm nmD$g Mm§Jbm Pmë¶mg gwßVmdñWoV Agbobo ^w§Joao gw¶m©ñVmZ§Va ~m^yi, H$Sw>qZ~, ~moa BË¶mXr
PmS>m§da Jmoim hmoVmV. AJmoXa ‘mXr ^y§Joao O{‘ZrVyZ ~mhoa ¶oVo. nmR>monmR> Za ^w§Joao ~mhoa nS>VmV. PmS>m§da ~gyZ Vo nmbm
ImVmV. PmS>mdaM 5 Vo 10 {‘ZrQ>o Za-‘mXrMo {‘bZ hmoVo. Z§Va Za-‘mXr doJio hmoVmV Am{U nwÝhm PmS>mMm nmbm ImD$
bmJVmV. gw¶m}X¶mnydu WmoS>m doi AJmoXa ^w§Joao naV O{‘ZrV OmD$Z bnVmV. ^w§Joao ’$³V amÌrÀ¶m doirM O{‘ZrVyZ
{‘bZmgmR>r ~mhoa nS>VmV. 2 Vo 3 {Xdgm§V ‘mXr O{‘ZrV A§S>r KmbÊ¶mg gwédmV H$aVo.
A§S>r - ‘mXr ^w§Joao gm~wXmÊ¶mÀ¶m AmH$mamMr d bm§~Q> Jmob A§S>r O{‘ZrV 12 Vo 15 g|.‘r. Imobrda EH$-EH$ Aer gwÅ>r
KmbVmV. Ë¶mda ‘mVrMo doñQ>Z Ho$bo OmVo. EH$ ‘mXr gd©gmYmaUnUo 50 Vo 60 A§S>r KmbVo. A§S>r a§JmZo nm§T>ar AgVmV.
A§S>çmVyZ Air ~mhoa nS>VmZm Vo Vm§~yg a§JmMr hmoVmV. gmYmaUV… 9 Vo 12 {Xdgm§Zr A§S>r C~VmV.
Air - A§S>çmVyZ ~mhoa nS>boë¶m Airbm hþ‘Ur Ago åhUVmV. gwédmVrg Air H$mhr {Xdg g|Ðr¶ nXmWmªda OJVo d
Z§Va {nH$mÀ¶m ‘wimda h„m H$aVo. Air a§JmZo {ndiga nm§T>ar AgVo. hr bhmZ Air 6 Vo 8 ‘{hÝ¶mV 3 Vo 5 g|.‘r.
dmT>Vo d 3 doim H$mV Q>mH$Vo. nyU© dmT>bobr Air nm§T>è¶m a§JmMr AY©M§ÐmH¥$Vr AgVo. nmoQ>mMm ^mJ MH$MH$sV H$miga d
gwaHw$Ë¶m{da{hV AgVmo. Vm|S>mMm O~S>m XUH$Q> d JS>X Vm§~yg a§JmMm AgVmo. Am{W©H$ÑîQ²>¶m Air AdñWmM OmñV ‘hËdmMr
Amho. H$maU Vr {nH$mÀ¶m ‘wim§da Cn{OdrH$m H$aVmV d Ë¶m‘wio {nH$ gwH$Vo. nyU© dmT> Pmbobr Air O{‘ZrV 10 Vo 15
g|.‘r. Imobda OmD$Z ‘mVrMo H$dM ~ZdVo d Ë¶mV gwßVmdñWoV OmVo.
H$mof- hm Vm§~wg Vn{H$ar a§JmMm d Q>UH$ AgVmo. 20 Vo 25 {Xdgm§V H$mofmVyZ ^w§Joao ~mhoa nS>VmV d O{‘ZrVM Vo H$mhr
H$mi {ZpîH«$¶ AdñWoV amhVmV. didmMm n{hbm nmD$g nS>ë¶mZ§Va gwßVmdñWoV Agbobo ^w§Joao gw¶m©ñVmZ§Va ~mhoa nS>VmV.
^w§Joao - H$mofmVyZ ~mhoa nS>bobm ^w§Joam gwédmVrg {ndiga nm§T>aQ> a§JmMm AgVmo d Ë¶mMo n§I nm§T>aQ> Vn{H$ar AgVmV.
H$mbm§VamZo eara d n§I H$R>rU ~ZVmV d a§J Vm§~yg Vn{H$ar hmoVmo. ^w§Joè¶mMo n§I OmS> d Q>UH$ AgVmV. Ë¶m‘wio Vo bm§~da
CSy> eH$V ZmhrV. Zamnojm ‘mXr AmH$mamZo ‘moR>r AgVo. ^w§Joao gmYmaUV… 80 Vo 90 {Xdg OJVmV. hþ‘UrMr EH$ {nT>r nyU©
hmoÊ¶mg {Vbm EH$ dfm©Mm H$mbmdYr bmJVmo.
{Z¶§ÌUmMo Cnm¶ - hþ‘UrÀ¶m OrdZH«$‘mV ^y§Joao hrM EH$ AdñWm WmoS>çm H$mbmdYrgmR>r O{‘Zr~mhoa AgVo. ~mH$s gd©
AdñWm O{‘ZrV AgVmV. Ë¶m‘wio ¶m AdñWoV {H$S>rMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ¶mda OmñV bj XoUo JaOoMo Amho.
A) ^w§Joè¶m§Mm ~§Xmo~ñV -n{hbm nmD$g Pmë¶mda hþ‘UrMo ^w§Joao gw¶m©ñVmZ§Va ~m^yi, ~moa, qb~ ¶m PmS>m§da nmZo
ImÊ¶mgmR>r Jmoim hmoVmV. Aem PmS>m§À¶m ’$m§Úm amÌr H$mR>rÀ¶m ghmæ¶mZo hbdyZ Imbr nS>bobo ^w§Joao Jmoim H$amdrV d am°Ho$b
{‘lrV nmÊ¶mV Q>mHy$Z ‘mamdoV. hm Cnm¶ eoVH$è¶m§Zr gm‘wXm{¶H$[aË¶m H$amdm. Ë¶m‘wio A§S>r KmbÊ¶mnyduM ^w§Joè¶m§Mm Zm¶ZmQ>
hmoB©b.
296Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

~) hþ‘Ur AirMm ~§Xmo~ñV
1. nrH$ H$mT>UrZ§Va bJoMM 15 Vo 20 g|.‘r. Imob Zm§JaQ> H$amdr. Ë¶m‘wio CKS>çm nS>Umè¶m Aù¶m Jmoim H$ê$Z
am°Ho$b {‘lrV nmÊ¶mV Q>mHy$Z ‘mamì¶mV.
2. Am§Va‘emJVrÀ¶m doiog Aù¶m Jmoim H$ê$Z bmoI§S>r hþH$À¶m ghmæ¶mZo qH$dm Iwaß¶mZo ‘mamì¶mV.
3. {nH$mg nmUr XoVmZm Vo OmñV H$mi gmMyZ amhrb ¶mH$S>o bj Úmdo, OoUoH$ê$Z gmMboë¶m nmÊ¶m‘Ü¶o Aù¶m
JwX‘éZ ‘aVrb.
4. hþ‘UrJ«ñV eoVmVrb {H$S>J«ñV gwH$bobr {nH$m§Mr amono CnQ>mdrV d ‘wimeoOmarb Aù¶m§Mm Zme H$amdm.
5. Imbrbà‘mUo amgm¶{ZH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm dmna H$amdm.
{nH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ ‘mÌm

^wB©‘yJ H$m~m}oâ¶yam°Z 3% XmUoXma 33 {H$.J«°./ ho³Q>a
’|«$M KodS>m H$m~m}â¶yam°Z 3% XmUoXma 23.3 {H$.J«°./ ho³Q>a
~mOar, Ádmar, D$g, ^wB©‘yJ ’$moaoQ> 10% XmUoXma 25 {H$.J«°./ ho³Q>a
D$g ³bmoamonm¶ar’$m°g 20 B©.gr. 5 br. / ho³Q>a (eoVmbm
nmQ>nmUr XoVm§Zm nmÊ¶mV gmoS>mdo)
D$g [’$àmo{Zb 0.3% XmUoXma 33 {H$bmo / ho³Q>a
D$g ³bmoa°ÝQ´>oZrbràmob
> 0.4% XmUoXma $25 {H$bmo / ho³Q>a
$D$g {\$àmo{Zb 40% + B{_S>mŠbmo{àS> à{V hoŠQ>a 500 J«°_ 1250 {b.
40% S>ãë`y Or nmÊ`mV {_giyZ VmoQ>r H$mT>boë`m
n§nmZo D$g bmJdS>rÀ`m AmoirV
gmoS>mdo.
H$) O¡{dH$ {Z¶§ÌU

1. hþ‘Urda {Z¶§ÌU R>odÊ¶mgmR>r {VÀ¶m Z¡g{J©H$ eÌw§Mm A{Ve¶ ‘hËdmMm dmQ>m Amho. ~Jim, {M‘Ur, ‘¡Zm, H$mdim, Kma
B. njr d ‘m§Oa, amZSw>³H$a, ‘w§Jwg, Hw$Ìm B. àmUr hþ‘UrÀ¶m Aù¶m AmdS>rZo ImVmV.
2. namon{Odr ~waer ({~ìho[a¶m ~°gr¶mZm, {~ìhoar¶m ~«moJ«t¶mQ>u d ‘oQ>m[aPr¶‘ AZrgmonbr), {OdmUy (~°grbg nm°nrbr)
d gyÌH¥$‘r (hoQ>amo-h°ãS>oQ>rg) ho hmobmoQ´>°{H$¶m hþ‘UrMo Z¡g{J©H$ eÌy AmhoV.
hþ‘Ur {H$S>rÀ¶m àm‘w»¶mZo XmoZ ‘hËËdmÀ¶m àOmVr ‘hmamîQ´>m‘Ü¶o AmT>iyZ ¶oVmV. ¶m n¡H$s hmobmoQ´>m°{H$¶m {gamQ>m ¶m
OmVtMm àmXþ^m©d àm‘w»¶mZo ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m Zm§XoS>, ~wbT>mUm, Ah‘XZJa, Ywio, gm§Jbr, H$moëhmnya, BË¶mXr {OëømV {XgyZ
¶oVmo Am{U ë¶wH$mo’$mobrg bo{nS>mo’$moam ¶m àOmVrMm Vrd« àmXþ^m©d ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb H$moëhmnya Am{U gm§Jbr {OëømÀ¶m npíM‘
^mJmV {XgyZ ¶oVmo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 297

{dÚwV ‘moQ>ma (BboŠQ´>rH$ ‘moQ>ma)
{dOoda MmbUmè`m ‘moQ>mar XmoZ àH$maÀ`m AgVmV, E.gr. d S>r.gr. ‘hmamï>´>mV IoS>oJmdmV d eoVmVyZ E.gr. nÕVrMm
drO nwadR>m Agë`m‘wio E.gr. ‘moQ>marM dmnaë`m OmVmV. EH$m `§Ìmbm Á`mdoir EH$m VmaoVyZ drO nwadR>m Ho$bm OmVmo
Voìhm Ë`mbm qgJb \o$O d VrZ VmamVyZ Ho$bm OmVmo Voìhm Ë`mbm {W«\o$O åhUVmV. bhmZ bhmZ H$m‘mgmR>r EH$ Aídeº$s
(hm°g©nm°da) qH$dm Ë`mnojm H$‘r eº$sÀ`m ‘moQ>matZm EH$m \o$O‘YyZ nwadR>m H$aVmV. na§Vw OmñV eº$sÀ`m `§Ìm§Zm VrZ VmamVyZ
drO nwadR>m H$aVmV. E.gr. ‘moQ>mar gwé hmoVmV Voìhm gw‘mao 3 Vo 5 nQ> {dÚwVàdmh KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVmV. ho Q>miÊ`mgmR>r
ñQ>mQ>©a dmnaVmV.
‘moQ>marMr {ZdS> H$aVmZm bjmV ¿`md`mÀ`m Jmoï>r
1) ‘moQ>ma d ñQ>mQ>©a ñQ>ÊS>S>© H§$nZrMr (Am`.Eg.Am`. {MÝh`wº$) Agmdr.
2) ‘moQ>marMr qH$‘V dmOdr Agmdr.
3) H$amd`mÀ`m H$m‘mMo ñdénmZwgma `mo½` Aídeº$sMr ‘moQ>ma ¿`mdr.
4) Xa {‘ZrQ>mg {H$Vr \o$è`m Amdí`H$ AmhoV (n§nmMo, {JaUrMo, MaH$mMo \o$a bjmV KoD$Z) ho ‘m{hV Agmdo.
5) ‘moQ>ma ~gdmd`mMr OmJm hr nmUr, Ywi AWdm H$Mè`mnmgyZ gwa{jV Agmdr.
‘moQ>ma OiUo
‘moQ>ma VmnyZ {VÀ`m doQ>moù`mVrb VmaodaMm nmnwÐm OiyZ doQ>moio H$mio nS>bo, H$s ‘moQ>ma Oimbr Ago åhUVmV. ‘moQ>ma Imbrb
H$maUm‘wio OiÊ`mMm g§^d AgVmo.
1) H$‘r Aídeº$sÀ`m ‘moQ>marda Ë`mnojm OmñV H$m‘ H$éZ KoÊ`mMm (Amoìha bmoS>) à`ËZ Agë`mg VmaoMo doQ>moio OmñV
{dÚwVàdmh KoÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aVo Am{U ‘moQ>ma OiVo.
2) ‘moQ>mardarb VmaoMo doQ>moio nmÊ`mV ~wS>Uo qH$dm Amobo hmoUo.
3) C§Xra, nmbr, Pwaio, bhmZ ~oSw>H$ ‘moQ>marV {eaë`mg Am{U Ë`m§Mm {dÚwVdmhH$ ^mJmer ñne© Pmë`mg Vmam‘Yrb
{dÚwVàdmh A{Z`{‘V hmodyZ ‘moQ>ma OiVo.
4) ‘moQ>marV Ywi, H$Mam O‘m Pmë`mg Vr VmnVo.
5) ‘moQ>marVrb amoQ>a d ñQ>oQ>a EH$‘oH$m§da Kmgbo Joë`mg ‘moQ>ma OiVo.
{~KmS> Q>miÊ`mgmR>r ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1) ‘moQ>marda nmUr CSy> XoD$ Zò. gwé H$aÊ`mnydu ‘moQ>marV nmUr {eabobo Zmhr `mMr ImÌr H$éZ ¿`mdr.
2) H$Mam, Ywi, H$sQ>H$, nmbr, C§Xra dJ¡aonmgyZ ‘moQ>ma gwa{jV R>odmdr.
3) ‘moQ>marMo \$m¢S>oeZ g‘nmVirV H$amdo. ~oA[a¨Jbm doiÀ`m doir J«rg d Vob Úmdo.
4) H$‘r eº$sÀ`m ‘moQ>marH$Sy>Z OmñV eº$sMo H$m‘ H$éZ KoD$ Zò.
5) \$mQ>çmÀ`m H$mS>rÀ`m qH$dm BVa dñVyMm Q>oHy$ bmdyZ ‘moQ>ma Mmbdy Zò.
6) ‘moQ>ma gVV Mmbdy Zò, {Vbm AYwZ‘YyZ {dlm§Vr Úmdr.
7) ‘moQ>ma Oimë`mg ImÌrÀ`m {R>H$mUmhÿZ [admBªS>tJ H$éZ ¿`mdr.
8) ‘moQ>marMm n§Im H$mTy>Z Q>mHy$ Zò.
9) â`wO dmà `mo½` Ë`m aoQ>tJMrM {ZdS>mdr åhUOo H$moUË`mhr H$maUmZo {~KmS> Pmbm Va â`wO dmà VwQy>Z ‘moQ>marbm g§ajU
{‘iob d Vr OiUma Zmhr.
10) ‘moQ>marÀ`m g§ajUmgmR>r ñQ>mQ>©a `mo½`nUo dmnamdm.
{dOonmgyZ Anm` hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ¿`md`mMr H$miOr
1) AW© {bHo$O gH$s©Q> ~«oH$a ZmdmMo pñdM dmnamdo. VgoM ‘moQ>margmR>r A{WªJ H$éZ ¿`mdo.
2) H$moaS>çm bmH$S>r \$irda Cô amhÿZ ~moS>m©Mo H$m‘ H$amdo. VgoM a~ar ~yQ> qH$dm Mßnb dmnamdo, ‘mÌ Vo Amobo Agy ZòV.
298Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

3) â`wO Vma ~g{dVmZm a~ar hmV‘moOo dmnamdoV.
4) ‘moQ>marMo H$m‘ H$aÊ`mgmR>r gd© â`wO Vmam H$mTy>Z drO nwadR>m ~§X H$amdm.
5) ‘moQ>ma Mmby AgVmZm ‘moQ>marÀ`m H$moUË`mhr ^mJmbm hmV bmdy Zò.
6) ‘moQ>marMm dmna nyU© Pmë`mZ§Va ‘oZ ñdrM ~§X H$amdm.
gm¡a COm©
B§YZmMr g‘ñ`m {Xdg|{Xdg J§^ra ~ZV Mmbbr Amho. ^maVmgma»`m H¥${fàYmZ XoemV hr g‘ñ`m A{YH$M ôS>gmD$
bmJbr Amho. eoVr CËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r A{YH$ COm© dmnaUo H«$‘àmá Pmbo Amho. åhUyZ ZdZdrZ COm© ómoVm§Mm Cn`moJ
dmT>{dUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Anma§nm[aH$ COm© ómoVm§Mm {dH$mg d dmna H$aUo Amdí`H$ Pmbobo Amho. `mH$arVm gm¡a COm© hm
EH$ Mm§Jbm {dH$ën Amho. ^maVmV dfm©Vrb 300 {Xdg gm¡a CO}Mr CnbãYVm Amho. gm¡a COm© dmnamMo V§ÌkmZhr {dH${gV
Pmbobo Amho. Aem V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$éZ gm¡a CO}da AÞnXmW© {eO{dUo, \$io, ^mÁ`m dmi{dUo, YmÝ` dmi{dUo `mH$arVm
dmnaVm òUmar ‘m{hVr {Xbr Amho.
gw`©Myb (gmoba Hw$H$a)
^maVmV KaJwVr B§YZmgmR>r bmJUmar D$Om© _w»`Ëdo J°g, H$moigm, am°Ho$b Am{U drO `mÛmao {_idbr OmVo. B§YZmMr
~arM ‘moR>r JaO bmHy$S>, H$moigm, {nH$mMm dm`m OmUmam ^mJ Am{U Jmodè`m `m‘YyZ ^mJ{dbm OmVo. J«m‘rU ^mJmV ‘w»`V:
bmH$S>mMmM B§YZ åhUyZ dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. `mgmR>r O§JbVmoS> ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda hmoV Amho. Ë`m‘wio n`m©daUmda `mMm {dn[aV
n[aUm‘ hmoV Amho. `m g‘ñòda gm¡a COm© dmna dmT>{dUo hmM EH$‘od Cnm` Amho. gm¡a CO}Mm Cn`moJ AÞ {eO{dUo, nmUr
Ja‘ H$aUo, AÞYmÝ` dmi{dUo, nmUr CngUo, {dÚwV {Z{‘©Vr B. gmR>r Ho$bm OmVmo.
gm¡aCOm© dmnéZ AÞ {eO{dUogmR>r gmoba Hw$H$a‘Üòo bmH$S>mÀ`m \$ù`mnmgyZ ~Z{dboë`m noQ>rV A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘À`m
nÍ`mMr \«o$‘ KÅ>nUo ~g{dbobr AgVo. bmH$S>mMo ImoHo$ d \«o$‘Mm ‘Ybm ^mJ ‘moH$im AgVmo. Ë`m{R>H$mUr bmH$S>mMm ^wgm
qH$dm ½bmg dyb âVmV. hm CîUVmamoYH$ Agë`m‘wio noQ>rVrb CîUVm ~mhoa OmD$ XoV Zmhr. JìhmMm, ÁdmarMm qH$dm
~mOarMm ^wgm XoIrb CîUVmamoYH$ åhUyZ dmnaVm òB©b. A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘Mm nÌm darc ~mOyZo H$mù`m a§JmZo a§J{dVmV, Ë`m‘wio
gw`m©Mr CîUVm A{YH$ à‘mUmV emofyZ KoVbr OmVo. noQ>rMo PmH$U Xwhoar H$mMoMo AgVo. Ë`m‘wio CîUVm ~mhoa Omdy {Xbr OmV
Zmhr. gw`m©À`m {Vaß`m nS>Umè`m {H$aUm§Zm noQ>rÀ`m ‘Ü`^mJr nmS>Ê`mgmR>r EH$ Amagm noQ>rÀ`m PmH$UmÀ`m AmVrb ~mOyg
~g{dbobm AgVmo.
gmoba Hw$H$a‘Üò AÞnXmW© H$go {eOVmV
gw`m©Mr {H$aUo PmH$UmVyZ AmV OmD$Z nÍ`mÀ`m H$mù`m ^mJmda nS>VmV, H$mù`m a§Jm‘wio gw`© {H$aUm§Mr CîUVm emofyZ
KoVbr OmVo d VoWrb Vmn‘mZ dmT>Vo. A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘À`m nÍ`mImbrb CîUVm amoYH$ bmH$S>r ^wgm d XmoZ H$mMm§‘Yrb hdm
AmVrb ~mOwg Ja‘ Pmboë`m hdobm ~mhoa òD$ XoV ZmhrV. AemàH$mao noQ>rV R>odbobo AÞnXmW© Ë`m{R>H$mUr Agboë`m Cƒ
Vmn‘mZm‘wio (CîUVo‘wio) {eObo OmVmV.
AÞnXmW© H$go {eOdmdoV ?
S>mi, ^mV, ^mOrnmbm, H$S>YmÝò, ~Q>mQ>o BË`mXr AÞnXmW© `m Hw$H$a‘Üò {eO{dbo OmVmV. Omo nXmW© {eOdm`Mm Amho
Vmo àW‘ ñdÀN> H$amdm. Z§Va nm{hOo Agob Vmo ‘gmbm Q>mHy$Z nXmW© ^m§S>çmV âmdm.OmñV C§Mrn`ªV AÞnXmW© ^é ZòV.
OmñVr C§Mrn`ªV âë`mg {eOÊ`mgmR>r OmñV doi bmJVmo. gmoba Hw$H$a‘Üò AÞnXmW© {eO{dÊ`mgmR>r A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘Mo é§X
Vm|S>mMo ngaQ> S>~o Cn`wº$ AgVmV. S>ã`m§Mr PmH$Uo KÅ> ~gUmar AgmdrV. Ë`m‘wio S>ã`mVrb dm\$ ~mhoa OmD$ eH$Uma Zmhr.
S>ã`mÀ`m ~mhoarb ~mOyg H$mim a§J Úmdm. Ë`m‘wio A{YH$ CîUVm emofyZ KoVbr OmVo. S>ã`m§‘Üò AÞnXmW© R>odë`mZ§Va S>ã~o
noQ>rV R>odmdoV d H$mMoMo PmH$U bmdyZ Úmdo. gmoba Hw$H$a Aem {R>H$mUr R>odm H$s Á`m {R>H$mUr g§nyU© {Xdgâ D$Z amhÿ eHo$b.
Hw$H$a KamÀ`m Jƒrda qH$dm A§JUmV R>odUo
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 299

Cn`wº$ hmoB©b. bdH$a {eOUmè`m nmbo^mÁ`m, âbm°da B. gmYmaU AÜ`m© VmgmV {eOVmV. ^mV nmD$U VmgmV, VyaS>mi
d H$S>YmÝò (Z {ÔdVm) XrS> VmgmV {eOVmV. AÞ nXmW© {eOÊ`mgmR>r doi H$‘r OmñV hmoD$ eH$Vmo. {eO{dÊ`mH$arVm
bmJUmam doi CÝhmMr Vrd«Vm, AÞnXmWm©Mm àH$ma, ^m§S>çmMm àH$ma d ^m§S>çmV AÞnXmW© {H$Vr âbm Amho, `mda Adb§~yZ
AgVmo. H$S>H$ D$Z Agë`mg, A°ë`w{‘{Z`‘Mr ^m§S>r dmnaë`mg d ^m§S>çmV H$‘r C§Mrn`ªV nXmW© âë`mg AÞnXmW© H$‘r
doimV {eOVmV. `m Hw$H$a‘Üò nmM ì`º$sÀ`m Hw$Qw>§~mMo XmoZ doiMo AÞnXmW© {XdgâmV ghOmghOr {eOdVm òVmV. `m§À`m
dmnam‘wio OiUmda hmoUmam dm{f©H$ IM© {Zå`mZo H$‘r hmoD$ eH$Vmo.
gm¡a noQ>r (H°${~ZoQ> S´>mà)
gm¡a CO}Mm Cn`moJ H$éZ gm¡a noQ>r‘Üò AÞYmÝò, \$io, ^mOrnmbm B. dmi{dVm òVmV. gm¡a noQ>rMr EH$ Am`VmH¥$Vr
bmH$S>r noQ>r AgyZ Ë`m‘Üò AmVyZ bmoI§S>r nÌm KÅ> {MH$Q>{dbobm AgVmo. AmVyZ H$mim a§J {Xbobm AgyZ gd© ~mOy§Zr
CîUVmamoYH$ bmdVm òVmV. daÀ`m ~mOyZo H$mM bmdÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$bobr AgVo. bmH$S>r noQ>rbm ImbÀ`m ~mOyZo Am{U
Mmohmo~mOyZo {N>Ðo R>odbobr AgVmV. `m {N>Ðm‘YyZ ImbÀ`m ~mOyZo òUmar hdm noQ>r‘Üò Ja‘ hmoVo Am{U AÞnXmWm©‘YyZ ~mhoa
nS>Vo. AÞnXmW©, \$io d ^mOrnmbm noQ>r‘Üò R>odÊ`mgmR>r bmH$S>r Q´>o R>odÊ`mMr ì`dñWm Ho$bobr AgVo. `m gm¡anoQ>rbm ‘mJÀ`m
~mOyZo XadmOo AgyZ AÞnXmW© Q´>o ‘Üò R>odUo Am{U H$mT>Uo gwb^ hmoVo. gmoba Hw$H$a à‘mUoM gw`©{H$aU H$mModmQ>o noQ>rV emofbo
OmD$Z VoWrb hdm Ja‘ hmoVo. hr Ja‘ hdm da CMbbr OmdyZ daÀ`m {N>ÐmdmQ>o noQ>rÀ`m ~mhoa nS>Vo. `m Ja‘ hdoÀ`mÛmao AmV
R>odbobm nXmW© dmi{dbm OmVmo. bhmZ à‘mUmV AÞnXmW© dmi{dÊ`mgmR>r gm¡anoQ>rMm Cn`moJ H$aVm òD$ eH$Vmo. gm¡a noQ>r
bhmZ eoVH$ar Am{U J¥{hUtZm {deof Cn`moJr R>é eH$Vo.
gm¡a Hw$Q>r gmoba S´>mà (H$ZìhoH$Q>rd Q>mB©n)
gm¡a noQ>rà‘mUoM gmoba S´>mà AÞYmÝ` \$io, ^mOrnmbm, {~`mUo B. dmi{dÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJr nS>Vmo. `m{R>H$mUr gm¡a
D$Om© dmnéZ dmidUr `§ÌmÛmao dmidUr H$aÊ`m{df`rMr ‘m{hVr àñVwV Ho$br Amho. `m dmidUr `§ÌmMo Imbrb à‘wI ^mJ
AmhoV.
1) gm¡a COm© emofH$
gm¡a COm© emofH$ hr EH$ Am`VmH¥$Vr nÍ`mMr noQ>r AgVo. hr noQ>r nyU© JiVr {dahrV Agmdr. hm COm© emofH$ dmi-
dUr H$moR>rbm OmoS>bobm AgVmo. `m noQ>rMm AmVrb d daMm n¥ð>^mJ H$mù`m a§JmZo a§Jdmdm d Ë`mda 3 {‘‘r. OmS>rMr H$mM
~gdmdr. `m emofH$mÀ`m Imbrb ~mOyg ½bmgdwb Q>mH$mdo H$s OoUo H$éZ gm¡a CO}Mo CîUVoV Pmbobo énm§Va dm`m OmUma Zmhr
Am{U hdm nwaoer Ja‘ hmoB©b.EH$mnojm OmñV gm¡a COm©emofH$ dmnéZ hdm OmñVrV OmñV d JaOoà‘mUo Amdí`H$ VodT>r Ja‘
H$aVm òVo Am{U hr Ja‘ Ho$bobr hdm dmidUr H$moR>r‘Üò Z¡g{J©H$ nÕVrZo AWdm {dOoMm n§Im dmnéZ gmoS>Vm òVo. hdoMm PmoV
gm¡a COm© emofH$m‘YyZ Joë`mda Ja‘ hmoD$Z dmidUr H$moR>rÀ`m ImbÀ`m ^mJmV gmoS>bm OmVmo. hr Ja‘ hdm Z§Va H$moR>r‘Üò
R>odboë`m Q´>o ‘YyZ OmVo. AemàH$mao nXmW© dmi{dbo OmVmV.
2) dmidUr H$moR>r
H$moR>r ~Z{dVmZm nwT>rb ~m~tMm {dMma hmoUo Amdí`H$ Amho (A) dmidUrgmR>r R>odboë`m nXmWmª‘YyZ CîUVoMm dmna
hmoB©b. (~) Ja‘ hdm `m H$moR>rVyZ nyU©nUo Ioibr Omdr. (H$) H$moR>r‘Üò AÞYmÝ`nXmW© gwb^nUo R>odVm d H$mT>Vm `mdoV.
Cä`m AmH$mamMr Mm¡H$moZr `mo½` ‘mnmMr Amdí`H$ Ë`m C§MrMr dmidUr H$moR>r ~Zdmdr Am{U Ë`m‘Üò 4 Vo 5 H$ßno Q´>o À`m
ghmæ`mZo H$amdoV. hr H$moR>r Or Am` erQ>Mr ~Zdmdr. H$moR>rMm daMm ^mJ bhmZ YwamS>çmgmaIm CKS>m R>odmdm d Imbrb
^mJ Zagmù`mgmaIm ~Zdmdm, OoUoH$éZ gd©Ì hdm IoiVr amhrb. gm¡a COm© emofH$ dmidUr H$moR>rg OmoSy>Z `m dmidUr
`§ÌmMm Cn`moJ Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo.
g§nH©$ … {d^mJ à‘wI, àjoÌ g§aMZm d J«m‘rU {dÚwVrH$aU {d^mJ, S>m°. AÊUmgmho~ qeXo, H¥${f A{^¶m§{ÌH$s. ‘hm{dÚmb¶,
amhþar, 02426- 243211
300Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{~OmoËnmXZ
{~OmoËnmXZ H$aVmZm H$m` H$miOr ¿`mdr ?
H$moUË`mhr dmUmMr CËnmXZ j‘Vm hr Ë`m‘Üò Agboë`m AZwd§{eH$ JwUY‘m©da Adb§~yZ AgVo. Ë`m‘wio hr
CËnmXZj‘Vm {nT>çmZ²{nT>çm {Q>H$dyZ Yamd`mMr Agob Va Ë`m‘Üò {~OmoËnmXZ H$aVmZm H$moUË`mhr àH$mao ôgi hmoD$ Zò
`mMr XjVm ¿`mdr bmJVo. {~`mÊ`m‘Üò ôgi noaUrnmgyZ Vo H$mT>Ur, ‘iUr, à{H«$`m d {neì`m âÊ`mnydu H$Yrhr hmoD$
eH$Vo. Ë`m‘wio ôgi Q>miyZ 100 Q>¸o$ ewÜX {~`mUo V`ma H$aÊ`mgmR>r {~OmoËnmXZ H$aVmZm nwT>rb H$miOr ¿`mdr bmJVo.
{~`mUo àjoÌmMr Zm|X
H$moUË`mhr {nH$mMo à‘mUrV {~OmoËnmXZ KoÊ`mnydu Ë`mMr Zm|X {Oëhm ~rO à‘mUrH$aU `§ÌUoH$S>o H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
{~OmoËnmXZ joÌmÀ`m à‘m{UH$aUmgmR>r {nH$mMm àH$ma d joÌ `mZwgma R>am{dH$ \$s âmdr bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r `mo½` Z‘wÝ`mVrb
AO© {dH$V ¿`mdm. g§nwU© âbobm AO© VgoM 100 énò ñQ>°ån nonada Ho$boobo h‘rnÌ d gaH$mar {VOmoarV n¡go âë`mMr
nmdVr {Oëhm ~rO à‘mUrH$aU `§ÌUoH$S>o Ë`m§Zr Om{ha Ho$boë`m ‘wXVrV gmXa H$amdr åhUOo {~OmoËnmXZ joÌmMr Zm|X hmoB©b.
A§[V‘ VmaIoZ§Va 15 {Xdgmnojm OmñV Cera Pmë`mg Zm|X hmoV Zmhr.
1) noaUrgmR>r {~`mUo … {~OmoËnmXZmgmR>r `mo½` Ë`m àH$maMo {~`mUo {ZdS>mdo åhUOoM nm`m^yV {~OmoËnmXZmgmR>r ‘wb^yV
Va à‘m{UV {~OmoËnmXZmgmR>r nm`m^yV {~`mUo dmnamdo. {~`mUo IaoXr H$aVmZm ~rO à‘mUrH$aU `§ÌUoZo à‘m{UV Ho$bobo
‘mÝ`Vmàmá XwH$mZm‘YyZ AWdm H¥${f {dÚmnrR>o `m§À`mH$Sy>ZM {~`mUo IaoXr H$amdo d IaoXrMr nmdVr ¿`mdr.
2) joÌmMr {ZdS> … {~OmoËnmXZmgmR>r joÌmMr {ZdS> H$aVmZm Á`m {nH$m§Mo {~OmoËnmXZ H$amd`mMo Amho Vo nrH$ ‘mJrb h§Jm‘mV
Ë`m joÌm‘Üò KoVbobo Zgmdo. ‘mJrb h§Jm‘mV VoM nrH$ KoVbobo Agë`mg Ë`m joÌmg noaUrnydu nmUr XodyZ Ë`m‘Üò Agbobo
~r CJdyZ Amë`mZ§Va Ë`m g§nyU© joÌmMr Zm§JaQ>, dIaUr H$éZ Ë`m‘Üò CJdbobo {~`mUo Zmhrgo H$amdo. {ZdS>bobr O‘rZ
gwnrH$, gnmQ> d nmÊ`mMm CËÎm‘ {ZMam hmoUmar Agmdr d Ë`mg Amo{bVmMr gmo` Agmdr.
3) {dbJrH$aU … {~OmoËnmXZ KoÊ`mV Amboë`m dmUm‘Üò Ë`mM {nH$m§À`m BVa dmUmnmgyZ nanamJr^dZ hmoD$Z ôgi
hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ {d{eï> A§VaÛmao nrH$ doJio R>odmdo bmJVo. `mbmM {dbJrH$aU A§Va Ago åhUVmV. {dbJrH$aUmMo A§Va
ho {nH$mÀ`m namJr^dZmÀ`m ñdénmda Adb§~yZ AgVo. ñdnamJr^dZ Agboë`m {nH$m‘Üò {dbJrH$aUmMo A§Va H$‘r
bmJVo, Va nanamJr^dZ Agboë`m {nH$m§‘Üò hoM A§Va OmñV R>odmdo. {~OmoËnmXZ joÌ à‘m{UV hmoÊ`mgmR>r {d{dY {nH$m§gmR>r
{dbJrH$aUmMo A§Va R>adyZ {Xbobo Amho. `m A§Vam‘Üò Ë`mM àH$maMo AJa ôgi hmoD$ eH$Umao nrH$ AgVm H$m‘m Zò.
‘hËdmÀ`m {nH$m§À`m à‘m{UV {~OmoËnmXZmgmR>r H$‘rV H$‘r {dbJrH$aU A§Va (‘r.)
1) ^mV, Jhÿ, ^wB©‘yJ, gmo`m~rZ - 3 ‘r.
2) ‘yJ, CS>rX, haâm - 5 ‘r.
3) H$nmer (H$mnyg) - 30 ‘r.
4) Vri - 50 ‘r.
5) gy`©\y$b (gwYmarV dmU) Ádmar, ~mOar - 200 ‘r.
6) Vya - 100 ‘r.
4) noaUr … {~OmoËnmXZ joÌmgmR>r bmJUmao {~`mUo ho A{YH¥$V `§ÌUoZo à‘m{UV Ho$bobo Agmdo. g§H$[aV {~OmoËnmXZ KoVmZm Za
d ‘mXr AmoirMo `mo½` à‘mU R>odmdo. Ádmar d ~mOargmR>r AZwH«$‘o 2…4 d 2…6 Za d ‘mXr AmoirMo à‘mU Agmdo. Ë`mMà‘mUo
noaUr `mo½` A§Vamda d doioV nyU© H$amdr. g§H$[aV {nH$mÀ`m ‘mXr d Za dmUmMm \w$bmda òÊ`mMm H$mbmdYr doJim Agë`mg
EH$mM doir Za d ‘mXr dmUmMm \w$bmoam òÊ`mgmR>r Za d ‘mXr dmU {Za{Zamù`m doir noamdo bmJVmV. CXm. ~mOar-em§VrMo
Iarn h§Jm‘mV {~OmoËnmXmZ KoVmZm Za dmU hm 4 Vo 6 {Xdg ‘mXr dmUmÀ¶m AJmoXa noamdm.
noaUr H$aVmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr … noaUrgmR>r {~`mÊ`mMr {nedr CbQ>çm ~mOwZo \$moS>mdr, {nedrdarb IyU {MÇ>r (Q>°J)
gh {~`mÊ`mMm WmoS>m Z‘wZm OnyZ R>odmdm.
5) ôgi H$mT>Uo … Cƒ àVrMo {~`mUo V`ma H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo {~OmoËnmXZ KoVboë`m joÌmV AmT>iyZ òUmar ôgi doiÀ`m
doir H$mT>Uo Amdí`H$ Amho. {~OmoËnmXZ KoVboë`m OmVrÀ`m JwUY‘m© ì`{Varº$ BVa JwUY‘m©Mr PmS>o `mnmgyZ ôgi hmoVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 301

nanamJr^dZ AgUmè`m {nH$mV Aer PmS>o hr \$wbmoè`mV òÊ`mnwduM H$mT>mdr. Va ñdnamJr^dZ AgUmè`m
{nH$mV Vr nrH$ H$mT>Ê`mnwdu H$mT>br Var MmbVmV. nU ôgirMr PmS>o hr Á`mdoir Ñ{ï>g nS>Vrb Ë`mdoiog H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdrV.
g§H$[aV {~OmoËnmXZmV ZamMr PmS>o ‘mXrÀ`m AmoirV AmT>ibr Va Vr gwÜXm ôgi`wº$ g‘OVmV. ‘H$m g§H$[aV {~OmoËnmXZmV
ôgi hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ‘mXr dmUmMo Vwao ì`dpñWVnUo g§nyU© d \$w$bmoè`mV òÊ`mÀ`m AmYr H$mT>Uo Amdí`H$ Amho. ôgir
ì`{V[aº$ {~`mUo‘m\$©$V hmoUmam amoJ d VUmMm àgma Q>miÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr Amjonmh© amoJ d VU R>a{dÊ`mV Ambobo AmhoV. CXm.
Ádmar‘Yrb H$mUr, Jìhmdarb H$mUr, ~mOardarb Jmogmdr B. Amjonmh© amoJ d VUmMr PmS>o doiÀ`m doir H$mTy>Z QmH mdrV.
6) H$mT>Ur d ‘iUr … ~rO à‘mUrH$aU `§ÌUoÀ`m A{YH$mè`m§Zr nadmZJr {Xë`mZ§Va H$mT>Ur d ‘iUr H$amdr. H$mhr
{nH$m§À`m ~m~VrV CXm. gmo`m~rZ nrH$ OmñV n¸$ Pmë`mg e|Jm \w$Q>VmV d Ë`m‘wio CËnmXZmV OmñV à‘mUmV KQ> òVo. Var
{nH$mMr H$mT>Ur `mo½` doir H$amdr. g§H$[aV {~OmoËnmXZm‘Üò Za dmUmÀ`m H$UgmMr H$mT>Ur AJmoXa H$éZ Vo doJù`m {R>H$mUr
R>odmdo. ‘mXr dmUmÀ`m H$UgmMr ‘iUr H$aVo doir AdOmao ñdÀN> AgmdrV. Ë`m‘wio ôgi hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Q>miVm òB©b.
‘iUr d dmidUr Ho$ë`mZ§Va {~`mÊ`mMr `mo½` àVdmar d Vo ñdÀN> H$aÊ`mgmR>r ~rO à{H«$`m H|$Ðmda O‘m H$amdo. {~`mUo O‘m
H$aÊ`mnwdu Vo ‘mohmoa~§X Ho$boë`m nmoË`m‘Üò âbobo Agmdo.
7) ~rOà{H«$`m … `m‘Üò {~`mUo dmi{dUo, ñdÀN> H$aUo, àVdmar H$aUo, Am¡fYo bmdUo d n[ajU H$éZ {neì`m ^éZ
‘mohmoa~§X H$aUo B. ~m~tMm A§V^m©d AgVmo. {~Oà{H«$ò‘wio {~`mUm§Mr àV dmT>Vo. Ë`mMà‘mUo Am¡fYo bmdë`mZo H$sS> d
amoJmnmgyZ ~Mmd hmoVmo. ~rO à{H«$`m H|$ÐmV {d{dY {nH$m§À`m OmVrda à{H«$`m H$aÊ`mV òV Agë`mZo H$moUË`mhr àH$mao ôgi
hmody Zò åhUyZ H$miOr ¿`mdr bmJVo. ~rO à{H«$`m H|$ÐmVrb H$m‘o hr ~rO à‘mUrH$aU `§ÌUoÀ`m XoIaoIrImbr hmoVmV.
{d{dY {nH$m§À`m {~Oà{H«$ògmR>r Imbrb ~waerZmeH$m§Mm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
~waerZmeH$ à‘mU (à{V {H$bmo {~`mÊ`mg)
1) Wmà‘ 2.5 J«°‘
2) H$m~©oÝS>°{P‘ 2.5 J«°‘
3) H°$ßQ>Z 2.5 J«°‘
4) ‘oQ>°bm°pŠgb 6 J«°‘ (~mOardarb Ho$dS>m amoJmH$[aVm)
8) gmR>dU … H$mT>Ur Am{U ‘iUr Pmë`mZ§Va {~`mUo à{H«$`m hmoB©n`ªV Am{U à{H«$`m Pmë`mZ§Va {dH«$sn`ªV gmR>{dbo OmVo.
gmR>{dÊ`mnydu {~`mUo gwa{jV Amobmì`mn`ªV dmi{dUo AË`§V JaOoMo AgVo. {~`mUo nmoË`m‘Üò ßb°pñQ>H$ ~°J Q>mHy$Z qH$dm
AmobmdmamoYH$ ~°J ‘Üò gmR>{dë`mg Ë`mMr CJdU j‘Vm {Q>Hw$Z amhÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. Jhÿ, Ádmar, ~mOar,
‘H$m B. {nH$m§Mo (V¥UYmÝ`){~`mUo ZwgVo nmoË`mV ^éZ R>odë`mg {~`mÊ`mVrb Amobmdm 12% hmoB©n`ªV dmidmdo. VgoM
H$S>YmÝ`mVrb Amobmdm 9% BVH$m Agmdm. V¥UYmÝò Amobmdm amoYH$ ~°J‘Üò gmR>dmd`mMo Agë`mg {~`mÊ`mVrb Amobmdm
8% BVH$m Agmdm.
~rOà{H«$`m Pmë`mZ§Va {~`mUo ~rO n[ajUmV nmg Pmë`mda Vo `mo½` AmH$mamÀ`m {neì`mV ^éZ Ë`mg {~Oà‘mUrH$aU
`§ÌUoMo à‘mUnÌ d ‘mohmoa bmdÊ`mV òVo. Ago à‘mUnÌ d ‘moha Ho$bobo {~`mUo åhUOo Ë`mÀ`m Cƒ à{V~Ôb d ewÜXVo~Ôb
{Xbobr ½dmhr AgVo d Ago {~`mUoM noaUrgmR>r dmnaÊ`mMr H$miOr ¿`mdr, Ë`m‘wio CËnmXZmV {ZpíMVM dmT> hmoVo.
302Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

O¡dV§ÌkmZ
O¡{dH$ noet_Üò AZwHy$b Ago AZwd§erH$ ~Xb KS>dyZ _mZdmÀ`m CÞVrgmR>r Cn`moJmV AmUboë`m emómbm O¡dV§ÌkmZ
Ago g§~moYbo OmVo, O¡dV§ÌkmZ hm ì`mnH$ eãX AgyZ `m_Üò CVrg§dY©Z, aoUdr` O¡demó d AZwd§e{H$` A{^`m§ÌrH$s `m
emIm§Mm àm_w»`mZo A§V^m©d hmoVmo. O¡dV§ÌkZmÀ`m aopÊd` O¡demó d AZwd§e A{^`m§{ÌH$s `m V§ÌmÛmao ~Xb KS>dyZ
AmUboë`m noernmgyZ V`ma Ho$boë`m dZñnVrÛmao A{YH$ CËnmXZo {‘i{dUo eŠ` Pmbo. H«$m§Vr‘`r V§ÌmMm dmna nmpíM‘mË`
amï>´m§‘Üò ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV Ho$bm OmV Amho. H$sS> à{VH$maH$ H$mngmÀ`m, ‘Š`mÀ`m VgoM gmo`m~rZÀ`m OmVr AZwd§{eH$
A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§ÌmZo V`ma H$éZ Ë`m§Mm dmna OJâ ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Ho$bm OmV Amho. OJm‘Üò ‘wº$ ì`mnma gwb^ hmoÊ`mgmR>r
OmJ{VH$ ñVamda H$mhr {Z`‘ Ho$bo OmV AmhoV. Ë`m‘Üò O¡{dH$ {d{dYVoMo ñdm{‘Ëd R>odUo An[ahm`© Amho. Amnë`m dmUm§Mo
JwUY‘© g‘OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r aopÊd` O¡demó emIoÀ`m V§ÌmMm ‘hËdmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. Ë`mÛmao {~OmoËnmXZmV d h¸$m§{df`r
CX²^dUmao àíZ gmoS>{dUo gmono OmVo. EImÚm ZdrZ JwUY‘mªÀ`m OmVr emoYÊ`mgmR>r ho V§Ì ‘hËdmMo Amho. VgoM ZdrZ Cn`wº$
OZwH$ emoYyZ Vo gwYm[aV OmVt‘Üò A§V^y©V H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZwdm§{eH$ A{^`m§{ÌH$s V§Ì ‘mobmMo Amho.
D${Vg§dY©Z ({Q>í`wH$ëMa)
D${Vg§dY©Z V§ÌmMm emoôMr PmS>o, \$iPmS>o d dZd¥j B. dZñnVr‘Üò ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda A{^d¥ÜXr H$aÊ`mgmR>r Cn`moJ
Ho$bm OmV Amho. D${Vg§dY©ZmÛmao V`ma Ho$bobr Ho$irMr gma»`mM d`mMr amono bmdyZ {nH$mMm H$mbmdYr H$‘r H$éZ A{YH$
CËnmXZ KoUo eŠ` hmoVo. Cgm‘Üò ‘wb^yV amoJ‘wº$ {~OmoËnmZmXmgmR>r VgoM ZdrZ OmVrMm PnmQ>çmZo àgma H$aÊ`mgmR>r
D${Vg§dY©Z V§Ì ‘hËdmMo R>abo Amho. h[aVJ¥hmV bmJdS>rg `mo½` Oa~oam, Am°{H©$S>g², A°ÝWyar`‘ BË`mXr \w$bPmS>m§À`m dmUm§Mr
A{^d¥ÜXr D${Vg§dY©ZmÛmao gam©g Ho$br OmVo.
Ho$irgmR>r D${Vg§dY©Z
Ho$irMr bmJdS> àm‘w»`mZo H§$X AWdm ‘wZdo bmdyZ Ho$br OmVo. H§$X ñdñV Agë`mZo IM© H$‘r òVmo. VWm{n `m
bmJdS>rMo H$mhr Xmof AmhoV.
1. ~è`mMXm amoJmZo J«mgbobo H§$X bmdë`mZo {nH$m§‘Üò amoJm§Mm àmXw^m©d hmoVmo d CËnmXZ KQ>Vo.
2. H§$X bhmZ ‘moR>o, doJdoJù`m d`m§Mo / Omo‘mMo bmdë`mZo PmS>m§Mr dmT> H$‘r A{YH$ hmoVo d H$mT>Ur 12-13 ‘{hÝ`mnmgyZ
18-19 ‘{hÝ`mn`ªV bm§~Vo d IM© dmT>Vmo. ‘moR>çm PmS>m§À`m dgì`mZo bhmZ PmS>o Omo‘mZo dmT>V ZmhrV d Ë`m‘wio dm§P
PmS>m§Mo à‘mU dmT>Vo. n`m©`mZo CËnmXZ KQ>Vo.
3. df©â `mo½` OmVrMo ‘wZdo `mo½` doir bmJdS>rg {‘iV ZmhrV.
D${Vg§dY©ZmZo V`ma Ho$bobr gma»`mM d`mMr amoJ‘wº$ amono bmdë`mZo nrH$ {ZamoJr d Omo‘Xma Agob d EH$mM doir
d bdH$a H$mT>Urg Amë`mZo IM© H$‘r hmoB©b. Ho$irMr D${Vg§dY©Zm>Ûmao V`ma Ho$bobr amono bmdÊ`m‘Üò ‘hËdmMr AS>MU
åhUOo amonmgm§R>r bmJUmam A{YH$ IM© hmo`. amono ImÌrera ZgVrb d amonm§Mo `mo½` d`, gmaIm Omo‘ Zgob Va \$m`Xm {‘iV
Zmhr. `mgmR>r H$miOr KoUo ‘hËdmMo Amho. Ho$irMo CËnmXZ ho àm‘w»`mZo O‘rZ, nmUr, IVo d ‘emJV `mda Adb§~yZ AgVo.
Ho$irÀ`m D${Vg§dYuV amonm§Mr bmJdS> H$aVmZm nwT>rb Jmoï>tMm {dMma ìhmdm.
1. à`moJemioVrb C{Vg§d{Y©V amono 3 ‘{hZo h[aVJ¥hmV àñWm{nV Ho$bobr AgmdrV. H$‘r d`mMr VgoM A{YH$ d`mMr amono
KoD$ Zò.
2. amono amoJ‘wº$, gyÌH¥$‘r‘wº$ AmhoV `mMr ImÌr H$éZ ¿`mdrV.
3. amonm§‘Üò d¡JwÊò ZmhrV d gd© amono gma»`mM Omo‘mMr AmhoV `mMr ImÌr H$éZ ¿`mdr.
4. eŠ`Vmo bmJdS> 1.5 1.5 ‘r. A§Vamda H$mT>boë`m OmoS> AmoirV 0.90 ‘r A§Vamda bmdyZ XmoZ OmoS> Amoir‘Üò 2.5
‘r. A§Va R>odyZ H$amdr. amono bmdÊ`mgmR>r 0.30 0.30 0.30 ‘r. IÈ>o H$mTy>Z qH$dm 1 \y$Q> Imob gar H$mTy>Z
Ë`m‘Üò eoUIV, ñQ>oam‘rb, qZ~moir n|S> {‘gimdr d Ë`m‘Üò amono bmdmdrV.
5. Ho$irÀ`m àËòH$ PmS>mg 200 J«°‘ ZÌ, 100 J«°‘ ñ\w$aX d 200 J«°‘ nmbme Úmdo. ZÌ gma»`mM hßË`mV 30, 60, 90 d
120 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo Va gd© ñ\w$aX d nmbme bmJdS>rZ§Va 30 {Xdgm§Zr Úmdo.
6. Ho$irg nmUr {R>~H$ qgMZmÛmao XoUo \$m`ÚmMo Amho.KS>mMo dOZ gamgar 20 {H$bmo Amë`mg d hoŠQ>ar 4000 PmS>m§Zm
\$io {‘imë`mg 80 Q>Z hoŠQ>ar ‘mb {‘iob. KS>mMo dOZ gamgar 25 Vo 30 {H$bmo {‘imë`mg 100 Vo 120 Q>Z /
hoŠQ>a CËnmXZ {‘iob.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 303

CgmgmR>r D${Vg§dY©Z
CgmÀ`m ~oUo‘ù`mgmR>r C{Vg§dY©Z
CgmMr H$m§S>rnmgyZ Ho$bobr bmJdS> åhUOo emH$s` nÜXVM hmo`. Ë`m‘wio CgmMo gd©À`m gd© JwUY‘© OgoÀ`m Vgo nwT>rb
{nT>rV òVmV. na§Vw `m nÜXVrÀ`m Mm§Jë`m JwUY‘m©~amo~a H$mhr VmoQ>o AmhoV. Vo åhUOo H$m§S>r‘Üò Agbobo amoJmMo O§Vy {nH$m‘Üò
òUo. CXm. H$mUr, JdVmi dmT>, bmë`m amoJ, ‘moPoH$ BË`mXrZo amoJJ«ñV H$m§S>r bmdë`mg {nH$m§V amoJ òUma Am{U CËnmXZ
KQ>Uma. ‘moPoH$ {dfmUy§À`m Xhm àOmVrn¡H$s H$mhr àOmVr‘wio ZwH$gmZ hmoVo Va H$mhr gm¡å` àOmVtMm åhUmdm Vgm n[aUm‘
hmoV Zmhr. àM{bV H$m§S>r nÜXVrZo A{^d¥ÜXr Ho$ë`mg gXa {dfmUy nwT>rb {nT>rV OmVmV. gXa {dfmUy§Mm àgma ag emofyZ
KoUmè`m ‘mdm `m {H$Q>H$m§‘m\$©V hmoVmo. ‘wb^yV {~OmoËnmXZmV H$m§S>rVrb amoJO§Vy Zmhrgo H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$m§S>rg 54 A§e gopëgAg
Vmn‘mZmMo Mma Vmg ~mîn hdm à{H«$`m {Xë`mZo O§Vy ‘aVmV. CîU ~mîn hdm à{H«$òZo CgmMo S>moio Iam~ hmoD$ eH$VmV d Ë`m§Mr
CJdUj‘Vm \$maM KQ>Vo. åhUyZ D${Vg§dY©ZmÀ`m gyú‘ AJ«m§Hy$a nÜXVrMm dmna H$éZ, amoJ‘wº$ amono V`ma H$éZ Ë`mnmgyZ ~oUo
nrH$ V`ma H$éZ amoJ‘wº$ {~OmoËnmXZ H$éZ Ë`m§À`m H$m§S>çm eoVH$è`m§Zm XoUo \$m`ÚmMo R>aob. A§J«m§Hy$a g§dY©ZmZo V`ma Ho$boë`m
CgmÀ`m amonm§À`m bmJdS>rV àËòH$ amonmbm ânya (5 Vo 30) \$w$Q>do òVmV. ~oUo ‘ù`mV hr amono {daiyZ 1
1 ‘rQ>a Vo 1.5 Vo 1.5 ‘rQ>a A§Vamda garV qH$dm 60 go|.‘r À`m OmoS> AmoirV bmdmdoV. Ë`mgmR>r 60 Vo 100 amono àVr
Jw§R>çmgmR>r nwaVrb. EH$ Jw§R>m D${Vg§dYuV ~oUo‘ù`mVrb CgmnmgyZ EH$ S>moim nÜXVrZo 1 hoŠQ>a CgmMr bmJdS> H$aVm òB©b.
CgmÀ`m ZdrZ gwYm[aV dmUmMm àgma H$aÊ`mgmR>r D${Vg§dY©Z
D$g {dH$mgm‘Yrb EH$ ‘hËdmMr ~m~ åhUOo gwYm[aV OmVtMr bmJdS> H$aUo. EImÚm gwYm[aV ZdrZ OmVrMr bmJdS>
‘moR>çm à‘mUmda H$aÊ`mVrb ‘hËdmMm AS>ga åhUOo {VMm Anyam ~oUo nwadR>m. D$g n¡XmgH$mamH$S>o Agboë`m EH$ hoŠQ>a
‘yb^yV ~oUo joÌmVyZ 10 hoŠQ>a bmJdS> hmoD$ eH$Vo. `m {hemo~mZo ZdrZ dmUmMm n«gma bjmdYr hoŠQ>ada H$aÊ`mgmR>r AZoH$
df©o dmQ> nhmdr bmJVo. Aemdoir A§J«mHy$a g§dY©Z V§ÌmZo Z{dZ dmUmMr A{^d¥ÜXr H$éZ WmoS>r amono A{YH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm {Xë`mg
1-2 dfm©V Ë`m dmUmMm n«gma bmImo hoŠQ>ada H$aUo eŠ` Amho.
\w$bPmS>m§Mo D${Vg§dY©Z
A{bH$S>À`m H$mimV \w$bm§À`m ‘Z‘mohH$ d gwYm[aV dmUm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$éZ OmJ{VH$ ñVamda \$ma ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda
ì`mnma Ho$bm OmV Amho. hm°b§S>, \«$mÝg, B§½b§S>, A‘o[aH$m, BómBb, Wm`b§S>, qgJmnya BË`mXr Xoe `m‘Üò AmKmS>rda AmhoV.
\w$bm§À`m gwYm[aV dmUm§Mr / g§H$am§Mr A{^d¥ÜXr àm‘w»`mZo D${Vg§dY©ZmìXmao Ho$br OmVo. CXm. Am°H$s©S²>g, S>oh{b`m, {b{bO,
Oa~oam, H$mZ}eZ, A°ÝWw[a`‘, ñn°{W\$m`b§‘, {\$bmoS>|S´>m°Z, S´>ogrZm, Jwbm~, nmoBZgoQ>r`m, \$m`H$g BË`mXr. \w$bm§À`m dmUm§Mr
A{^d¥ÜXr H$éZ amonm§Mr {Z`m©V H$aÊ`m‘Üò A{bH$S>o ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda â {Xbm OmV Amho. Ë`mgmR>r D${Vg§dYuV amono Am`mV
Ho$br OmVmV. VgoM H$mhr H§$nÝ`m A{^d¥ÜXrMo h¸$ {‘idyZ ^maVmV D${Vg§dY©ZmÛmao amono V`ma H$aVmV. hr amono ^maVmV
dmnabr OmVmV VgoM {Z`m©Vhr Ho$br OmVmV.
D${Vg§dY©ZmÛmao V`ma Ho$bobr amono nwa{dUmè`m g§ñWm

1. à^mar A{YH$mar, amÁ`ñVar` O¡dV§ÌkmZ H|$Ð, ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, Ho$ir
amhþar - 413 722, {O. Ah‘XZJa, \$moZ Z§. 02426-243578
2. à‘wI, D${Vg§dY©Z à`moJemim, amï>´>r` amgm`{ZH$ à`moJemim, nmfmU añVm, gmJdmZ, ~m§~y, {Zb{Jar, Ho$ir,
nwUo - 411 008, \$moZ Z§. 020-239 338 hiX BË`mXr
3. g§MmbH$, dg§VXmXm ewJa BpÝñQ>Q>çwQ>, ‘m§Oar, {O. nwUo D$g
4. à‘wI, ^m^m AZweº$s g§emoYZ H|$Ð, Q´>m°å~o, ‘w§~B©-4000 085 Ho$ir, Am°B©b nm‘
5. à‘wI, O¡dV§ÌkmZ H|$Ð, S>m°. ~mimgmho~ gmd§V H$moH$U H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, Xmnmobr Ho$ir, H$Qw>©br, ‘gmë`mMr amono B.
6. àH$ën A{YH$mar, D${Vg§dY©Z H|$Ð, ‘amR>dmS>m H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, naÛr D$g, Ho$ir
7. à‘wI, ‘hmamï>´> amÁ` {~`mUo ‘hm‘§S>i, emórZJa, AH$mobm Ho$ir, \w$bPmS>o
8. àmÜ`mnH$, dZñnVremó {d^mJ, H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo S>mir§~, emoôMr PmS>o, \w$bPmS>o
9. gh`moJr g§emoYZ g§MmbH$, amï´´>r` H¥${f g§emoYZ àH$ën, JUoeqIS>, nwUo \w$bPmS>o
304Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

amÁ`ñVar` O¡dV§ÌkmZ H|$Ð, _\w$H¥${d, amhþar
AmYw{ZH$ emóm_Üò O¡dV§ÌkmZ ho EH$ A_`m©{XV j_Vm Agbobo ~hþem{I` emó Amho. gÜ`m eoVrÀ`m nrH$m§Mr
CËnmXH$Vm d CËnmXZ XwîH$migÑf n[apñWVr_wio, amoJ d {H$S>r_w§io VgoM ~XbË`m OmJ{VH$ Vmn_mZ dmT>r_wio (Global
Warming) KQ>V Mmbbobo Amho. Ë`m_wio AmYw{ZH$ Agbobo O¡dV§ÌkmZ emó dmnéZ OJm_Üò eoVrMo CËnmXZ d CËnmXH$Vm
dmT>{dÊ`mH$arVm à`ËZ gwé AmhoV. `m emñÌmMr H$mhr àJV Xoem§_Üò {defV… A_oarH$m, Am°ñQ´>o{b`m B. Zr eoVr_Üò Agbobr
Cn`moJrVm {gÕ Ho$br Amho. gXa emómMm Cn`moJ ^maVmgma»`m eoVràYmZ Xoem_Üò H$éZ dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»òbm nwaH$ Ago
AÞYmÝ` CËnmXZ H$aUogmR>r Amdí`H$ Amho.
àH$ënmMr C{Ôï>ço
1. naOZwH$ namdVuV {nH$m§Mo dmU V¶ma H$aUo. {nHo$ - Q>mo‘°Q>mo, dm§Jo, Vya, haâm d H$mnyg
2. aoU{d¶ nmVirda {nH$m§Mo n¥W…H$aU H$éZ nma§nmarH$ àM{bV dZñnVr amon n¡Xmg nÕV A{YH$ AMwH$ d doJmZo dmnê$Z
ZdZ{dZ dmUm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr H$aUo
3. C{Vg§dY©ZmÛmao Ho$ir d Cg {nH$m§Mo ì¶mdgm{¶H$ VÎdmda amono {Z‘uVr H$aUo.
amÁ`ñVar` O¡dV§ÌkmZ H|$Ðm_Üò Pmbobo R>iH$ g§emoYZ d {ejU H$m`m©Mm AmT>mdm
1) {dÚmnrR>mZo àgmarV Ho$boë`m {d{dY {nH$m§À`m dmUm§Mo {MÝhm§H$sV OZwH$m§À`m AmYmao n¥W…H$aU H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho.
2) \$io d ^mOrnmbr øm Zmed§V {nH$m§Mm {Q>H$mdwnUm dmT>dÊ`mgmR>r g§emoYZ hmVr KoD$Z Egrgr Am°ŠgrSo>O/qgWoO `m
OZwH$m§Mm emoY KoVbm Amho. gXa OZwH$m§Mr ZwŠë`w`moQ>mB©S> gmIir OmJ{VH$ OZwH$ H$moem_Üò gmXa Ho$bobr Amho. gÜ`m
gXa OZwH$m§Mm Cn`moJ A°ÝQ>rgoÝg. Ama.EZ.E. V§ÌkmZ dmnéZ naOZwH$ àdoerV (Transgenic) Q>mo_°Q>mo, A§Ora d
{gVm\$i `m gmaIo {nHo$ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ gwé Amho. `m_wio `m {nH$m§Mr {Q>H$dU j_Vm dmT>dÊ`mg _XV hmoD$Z
XwaÀ`m ~mOmanoR>m§_Üò eooVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§Mm _mb nmR>{dVm òB©b d hmoUmao ZwH$gmZ Q>miVm òB©b. Ë`m_wio eoVH$è`m§Mr
Am{W©H$ n[apñWVr gwYmaÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b d amÁ`mMo CËnmXZ d CËnmXH$Vm gXa {nH$m§_Üò dmT>ob.
3) ~mOar `m {nH$m_YwZ nr-5-gr-Eg hm Ob^mdgø (Drought/water stress tolerant) OZwH$ emoYÊ`mg `m
H|$Ðmbm è àmá Pmbobo Amho. `m OZwH$m§Mr Ý`wŠbmoAmoQ>mB©S> gmIir OmJ{VH$ OZwH$ H$mofm_Üò gmXa Ho$bobr Amho. gXa
OZwH$ BVa {nH$m§_Üò CXm. Jhþ, D$g d VËg_ {nH$m§_Üò namdVuV H$éZ Ob^mdgø OZwH$ namdVuV {nHo$ V`ma H$aÊ`mg
_XV hmoB©b. `mMm Cn`moJ _hmamï´>mgma»`m Adf©U àdU amÁ`mbm hmoD$Z eoVrMr CËnmXH$Vm d CËnmXZ dmT>Ê`mg _XV
hmoB©b.
4) Zdr {Xëbr pñWV dZñnVr O¡dV§ÌkmZmMo amï´>r` g§emoYZ H|$Ð (National Research Centre on Plant
Biotechnology, New Delhi) òWwZ \$io/ e|Jm/ ImoS> nmoIaUmè`m AitZm à{VH$ma OZwHo$ AmUbo AgyZ gXa
OZwH$m§Mm Cn`moJ ~rQ>r dm§Jo, ~rQ>r Vwa, ~rQ>r haâm, ~rQ>r Q>mo_°Q>mo B. {nHo$ V`ma H$aÊ`mMo à`ËZ gwé AmhoV. `m à`moJm§Mo
H$mhr èñdr narUm_ {XgwZ Ambo AmhoV. gXa V§ÌkmZ èñdr Pmë`mg {H$Q>H$ZmeH$m§Mm Cn`moJ H$_r hmoD$Z
eoVH$è`m§Mm CËnmXZ IM©hr H$_r hmoB©b d Ë`m§Zm Am{W©H$ bm^ hmoÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b. `m_wio _hmamï´>mMr darb {nH$m§_Üò
CËnmXH$Vm d CËnmXZ dmT>dÊ`mg _XV hmoB©b.
5) {d{dY {nH$m§Mo aoÊdr¶ nmVirda {d{dY JwUY‘m©er {ZJS>rV n¥W…H$aU H$éZ aoÊdr¶ ‘mZHo$ emoYÊ¶mV Ambo.
Cgm‘Ü¶o - jmaà{VH$maH$, Ádmar‘Ü¶o - Ob^mdgø, ^mVm‘Ü¶o - H$anm amoJ à{VH$maH$ d OZZj‘Vm {Q>H${dUo,
‘wJm‘Ü¶o - ^yar amoJ à{VH$maH$, Jìhm‘Ü¶o - Vn‘mZamoYH$, H$aQ>mobr, nn¶m d H$ënVé‘Ü¶o - qbJ {ZôXH$
6) Ho$ir {nH$m_Üò C{Vg§dY©ZmÛmao _moR>çm à_mUmda {ZamoJr amono V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÕV {dH$grV H$aÊ`mV Ambr.
7) `m H|$ÐmZo O¡dV§ÌkmZ `m emóm_Üò _Zwî`~i {dH$mgmgmR>r gZ 2007-08 nmgyZ nXì`wÎma Aä`mgH«$_ gwé
Ho$bobm Amho. Xadfu `m_Üò 8 {dÚmÏ`mªZm àdoe XoÊ`mV òV Amho.`m ì`{Varº$ _hmamï´> emgZmÀ`m ~rO MmMUr à`moJ
emioVrb H$_©Mmè`m§Zm {MÝhm§H$sV OZwH$m§Mr MmMUr g§X^m©V à{ejU XoÊ`mV òV Amho. VgoM doimodoir nXdr d
nXì`wÎma BVa _hm{dÚmb` / {dÚmnrR>mVrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm O¡dV§ÌkmZ emómVrb {d{dY emIm§_Yrb à{ejU XoÊ`mV òV
Amho. `m CnH«$_m_wio _Zwî`~i {dH${gV hmoD$Z ho emó OmñV à^mdrnUo eoVr_Üò dmnaVm òB©b.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 305

Aqi~r (‘eé‘)
Aqi~rMr bmJdS>
Aqi~r hr ~awer dJmV©rb {d{eï> àH$maÀ`m ~awerMo \$i Amh.o {ZgJmV© {defoV… nmdgmù`mV hr Aer \$io nhmd`mg
{‘iVmV. Ë`mg Aqi~r qH$dm ^Ny>Ì Ago g~§mYoVmV. BJ§O « rV Vr “‘eé‘’’
`m ZmdmZo Ami o IVmV. {ZgJmV© Aqi~rMo {dfmar d {~Z{dfmar VgM o {d{dY AmH$ma d aJ§mZgwma Ag»§` àH$ma AmhVo.
{ZgJmV© dmT>Umè`m Aqi~rMm ImÊ`mgmR>r dmna H$aÊ`mndwu Ë`m ImÊ`mg `m½o` AmhVo qH$dm ZmhrV `mMr AZ^wdr ì`º$sH$S>yZ
ImÌr H$éZ ¿`mdr.
OJâmV Aqi~rMo ImÊ`mg Cn`ºw$ Ago 2000 àH$ma AgZy Ë`mnH¡$s ^maVmV 200 àH$mamM § r ZmX| H$obr Amh.o
dJodJoù`m Xe o mV {‘iZy 10-12 àH$mamÀ§`m Aqi~rMr ì`mdgm{`H$ ñVamda bmJdS> H$aÊ`mV `Vo.o Ë`mnH¡$s ^maVmV ~Q>U,
{YJ§ar, XYwr d ^mVmÀ`m nT|>çmdarb Aqi~rMr bmJdS> àM{bV Amh.o
1. qYJar Aqi~r
`m Aqi~rg qYJar qH$dm qenbm d BJ§O « rV AmB°ñQ>a Ago åhUVmV. OJm‘Üò `m Aqi~rÀ`m
bmJdS>rMr nÜXV gmnor d H$‘r H$mbmdYrMr Agë`mZo gdg©m‘mÝ` ‘mUgmZ§m WmSo>çmem à{ejU d H$‘r ^mS§>dbm‘Üò
ì`dgm` géw H$aVm `Vom.o ‘hmamï>´mVrb hdm‘mZ qYJar Aqi~rg AZHw$yb Agë`mZo df^©a bmJdS> H$aUo eŠ` Amh.o
Aqi~rMo AmhmamVrb ñWmZ … Amnë`m AmhmamV AZHo$ AÞnXmW© CnbãY Agbo VargÜwXm Aqi~rg AmhmamV
d{¡eï>`nUy© ñWmZ Amh.o VmÁ`m qYJar Am{U ~Q>U Aqi~r‘Üò AgUmè`m AÞKQ>H$mÀ§`m à‘mUmV bjUr` V\$mdV Zmhr.
qYJar Aqi~rVrb à‘I w AÞKQ>H$mM § o à‘mU nTw>rbà‘mUo Amh.o à{WZo 2.78%, pñZ½Y nXmW© 0.65% H$~mX}H$o 5.2%,
I{ZOo 0.97%, VV§‘w` nXmW© 1.08%, nmUr 90% I{ZOmn§H¡$s nmbme, ñ\$$waX, H$°pëe`‘, bmho, gm{oS>`‘ BË`mXr CÎm‘
à‘mUmV AmhVo. OrdZgËdmnH¡$s ~-1, ~-2 Am{U H$ `mM § o à‘mUhr ~è`mM ^mOrnmë`mnj o m OmñV Amh.o Aqi~rVrb
à{WZm‘§Üò earadmT>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ Ë`m gd© A‘rZmo AmåbmM § m g‘mde o AgZy Vr ^mOrnmë`mVrb à{WZmn§j o m CƒàVrMr d
nMZmg hbH$s AgVmV. `m ~am~oa OrdmU,y {dfmUy d ~awer à{VH$maH$ Agbb o r à{WZo Aqi~r‘Üò AgVmV. OrdZgËd
~-2 ‘i w o eH$©am`ºw$ nXmWmM © o nMZ, aº$dm{hÝ`mM § o AmH$§wMZ H$‘r hmUoo d bhmZ ‘b w mM
§ m ~aor~aor amJo {ZdmaÊ`mg ‘XV hmVo.o H$
OrdZgËdm‘i w o ‘bw mZ§m ñH$ìhu amJo, Zm`{gZ d nQo>{°W{ZH$ Amåbm‘i w o ËdMMo o amJo {ZdmaÊ`mg VgM o hmVmnm`mÀ§`m Viì`mM § r
OiOi H$‘r hmÊo`mg ‘XV hmVo.o bmho, Vm~§o `m I{ZOmM § o XmV d hmS>o `mÀ§`m dmT>rgmR>r d MmJ§ë`m Ñï>rgmR>r Cn`mJo hmVom.o
\$mb
o rH$ AmåbmÀ`m A{V[aº$ à‘mUm‘i w o Ùomam Aeº$nUm H$‘r hmVom.o Aqi~r‘Üò {nï>‘` nXmW© d eH$©am AË`ën Agë`mZo
Cƒ aº$Xm~ AgUmè`mZ§m JUwH$mar d Amam½o`dYH©$ R>aV.o Aqi~r‘Üò Agbëo`m {d{dY Amf¡Yr JUwYm‘©i w o àm‘»w`mZo
bÇ>nUm, Cƒaº$Xm~, öXàmJo, ‘Y‘who, H$H$©amJo, BÝâëÈwP § m, nm{obAm,o ES>g,² X‘m, \$wâ\$wgmM § o amJo, dY§Ëd, {dfmUO y Ý`
VgM o {OdmUO y Ý` amJo à{V~Y§mg AJa CnMmamg {defo Cn`mJo hmVomo åhUZy Aqi~rg ‘‘hëoW\$wS>’’
Ago g~§mYobo OmV.o
qYJar Aqi~rMo àH$ma … aJ§, én AmH$ma‘mZ d Vmn‘mZmMr AZHw$ybVm `mZgwma qYJarMo {d{dY àH$ma AmhVo. ho gd© nH«$ma
‘‘ßëàwmQo>g’² ’ H$wimVrb AmhVo. `m H$wimV ßëàwmQo>g² gmOa H$mOy (H$aS>çm aJ§mMr) OmV 20 Vo 300
g| Vmn‘mZ d 70 Vo 90 Q>¸$o AmÐV©m AgVmZm MmJ§br dmT>V.o ßëàwmQo>g² ßbm[oaS>m (‘mRo>çm AmH$mamMr d e^w« aJ§mMr) hrg 20 Vo
300 g.| Vmn‘mZ d 80 Vo 90 Q>¸$o AmÐV©m AZHw$yb AgV.o hr OmV ZmOHy$ Agë`mZo H$miOrndwH©$ hmVmimdr bmJV.o ßëàwmQo>g²
Edmgo (Jb w m~r aJ§mMr) 21 Vo 350 g.| Vmn‘mZ d 65 Vo 90 Q>¸$o AmÐV©m Aem hdm‘mZmV MmJ§br dmT>V.o
bmJdS>rgmR>r Amdí`H$ ~m~r
OmJMo r {ZdS … qYJar Aqi~rÀ`m bmJdS>rgmR>r D$Z, dmam d nmD$g `mnmgZy ga§jU hmBob © Aem {Zdmè`mMr
JaO AgV.o ‘mVrÀ`m {dQ>mM § r Imbo r, n¸$o ~mY§H$m‘ Agbb o r Imbo r, ~m~§Ày`m VÅ>`mnmgZy V`ma H$obb o r PmnoS>r qH$dm
nmbmnmMmù o `mMo AmÀN>mXZ Agbb o r PmnoS>r qH$dm nmëoQ>´rMo eSo> dmnaVm `Vo.o OmJm Ii o Vr hdm d àH$me AgUmar Agmdr.
AZHw$yb dmVmdaU … `m Aqi~rÀ`m bmJdS>rgmR>r Zg¡{JH©$ Vmn‘mZ 22 Vo 30 g.| d hdVorb AmÐV©m 85 Vo 90 Q>¸$o
AgUo Amdí`H$ AgV.o `mgmR>r bmJdS>rÀ`m {R>H$mUMo Vmn‘mZ d AmXV©«m `mM § o {Z`Ì§U R>doUgomR>r O{‘Zrda, hdVo VgM o
Mmhom~omOZyo JmUonmQ>mMo AmdaU bmdZy Ë`mda ñànon§mZo nmUr \$dmamdo bmJV.o gdg©mYmaUnUo 250 g.| Vmn‘mZmg `m Aqi~rMr
CÎm‘ dmT> hmVo.o
bmJdS>rgmR>r ‘mÜ`‘ … qYJar Aqi~rMr bmJdS> eVomVrb {nH$mÀ§`m ‘iUrZV§a {Zén`mJor Aem dmibëo`m H$mS>mda d
nmbmnmMmù o `mda H$aVm `Vo.o `mgmR>r ‘»w`V… ^mV, gmòm~rZ d JìhmMo H$mS>, Ádmar, ~mOar, ‘H$m `mMr VmQ>o d nmZ.o H$nmer d
Vay `mÀ§`m H$mS>çm, CgmMo nmMQ>, Zmai d H$oir `mM § r nmZ,o ‘Š`mMr H$Ug,o ^By‘©JwmÀ`m eJ|mMr Q>a\$bo BË`mXrM § m dmna H$amdm.
306Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

bmJdS>rMr nyd©V`mar
‘mÜ`‘ … bmJdS>rgmR>r bmJUmao H$mS> d nmbmnmMmoim ho ‘mÜ`‘ Mmby h§Jm‘mVrb Z {Ôbobo Agmdo. ‘mÜ`‘ 1 Vo 2
dfm©nyduMo VgoM {Ôbobo Agë`mg Ë`mda {ZgJm©Vrb gyú‘ OrdmUy§Mr dmT> Pmë`mZo Aem ‘mÜ`‘mda Aqi~rÀ`m ~waerbm
AÞmgmR>r ñnYm© H$amdr bmJVo. Ë`m‘wio CËnmXZ H$‘r {‘iVo. H$mS>mMo 2-3 go.‘r. bm§~rMo VwH$S>o H$éZ R>odmdoV.
ßb°ñQ>rH$ {neì`m … qYJar Aqi~rMr bmJdS> ßb°pñQ>H$À`m {neì`m‘Üò Ho$br OmVo. Ë`mgmR>r doJdoJù`m AmH$mamÀ`m
{neì`m dmnaë`m OmVmV. na§Vw bhmZ à‘mUmV bmJdS>rgmR>r 100 JoO OmS>rÀ`m 35 55 g|. ‘r. AmH$mamÀ`m ßb°ñQ>rH$
{neì`m§Mm dmna H$amdm.
‘m§S>Ur … Aqi~rMo ~oS>g² (T>on) R>odÊ`mgmR>r bmoI§S>r AWdm ~m§~yMo ‘m§S>Ur (a°Šg) H$ê$Z ¿`mdr qH$dm ~oS>g² Q>m§JyZ
R>odÊ`mgmR>r N>Vmbm g‘m§Va Vmam qH$dm ~m§~y ~m§YyZ Ë`mg qeHo$ ~m§YyZ ~oS> R>odVm òVmV.
{~`mUo (ñnm°Z) … Aqi~rMo ewÜX {~`mUo bmJdS>rnydu 1-2 {Xdg AmUyZ Ë`mMm dmna H$amdm. `m{edm` \$m°‘}
brZ (O§VwZmeH$), H$m~}ÝS>°{P‘/~m{dñQ>rZ (~waerZmeH$) ZwdmZ qH$dm ‘°bo{WAm°Z ({H$Q>H$ZmeH$) nmUr d Am¡fYo \$dmaÊ`mg
ñào n§n, H$mS>mMo VwH$S>o H$aÊ`mg H$mo`Vm qH$dm H$S>~m Hw$Å>r ‘erZ d H$mS> {ZOªVwH$sH$aU H$aÊ`mMr gm‘wJ«r AmUyZ R>odmdr.
nmdgmù`mV A{i§~r dmidÊ`mgmR>r dmidUr `§ÌmMm dmna Amdí`H$ Amho.
bmJdS>rMr nÜXV
 H$mS>mMo 2-3 g|.‘r. bm§~rMo ~marH$ VwH$S>o g{N>Ð JmoUnmQ>mMm/Á`wQ>À`m nmoË`m‘Üò ^éZ W§S> nmÊ`mV 8-10 Vmg ~wS>dyZ
{ÔV Kmbmdo.
 H$mS>mMo nmoVo W§S> nmÊ`mVyZ H$mTy>Z Ë`mVrb OmXm nmÊ`mMm {ZMam H$amdm.
H$mS>mMo {ZO©V§wH$sH$aU H$aUo
 {Ô{dboë`m H$mS>mMo nmoVo 80 g|. Vmn‘mZmÀ`m Ja‘ nmÊ`mV 1 Vmg ~wS>dyZ R>odmdo. H$mS>mMo nmoVo Ja‘ nmÊ`mVyZ H$mTy>Z
Ë`mVrb OmXm nmUr {ZWiÊ`mgmR>r d W§S> H$aÊ`mgmR>r gmdbrV R>odmdo.
 AWdm {ZOªVwH$sH$aUmgmR>r 7.5 J«°‘ ~m{dpñQ>Z (~waerZmeH$) d 50 {‘.br. \$m°‘}brZ (O§VyZmeH$) 100 brQ>a nmÊ`mV
{‘giyZ Ë`m‘Üò H$mS>mMo nmoVo 18 Vmg {ÔV R>odmdo. ÐmdUmVrb nmoVo ~mhoa H$mTy>Z OmXm nmÊ`mMm {ZMam H$amdm.
~oS> âUo
H$mS> 35 Vo 55 g|.‘r. AmH$mamÀ`m 5 Q>¸o$ \$m°‘}brZ‘Üò {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m ßb°ñQ>rH$ {neì`m‘Üò Wa nÜXVrZo âmdo.
ho H$m‘ 5 Q>¸o$ \$m°‘}brZMo ÐmdU \$dméZ {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m ~§{XñV Imobr‘Üò âmdo.
H$mS> âVmZm àW‘ 5-6 g|.‘r. OmS>rMm H$mS>mMm Wa Úmdm d Ë`mda Aqi~rMo {~`mUo (ñnm°Z) ngamdo. ñnm°ZMo à‘mU Amoë`m
H$mS>mÀ`m dOZmÀ`m XmoZ Q>¸o$ Agmdo. H$mS> d ñnm°Z `mMo 4-5 Wa âmdo. âVmZm VihmVmZo H$mS> WmoS>ogo Xm~mdo.
{nedr âë`mZ§Va Xmoè`mZo {nedrMo Vm|S> KÅ> ~m§Ymdo. {nedrÀ`m gd©~mOyZo gwB© qH$dm Q>mMUrZo 40 Vo 50 {N>Ðo nmS>mdrV.
âboë`m {neì`m {Zdmè`mÀ`m OmJoV ‘m§S>Urda Amqi~rÀ`m ~waerÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r R>odmì`mV. Ë`mgmR>r 25-280
go. Vmn‘mZ AZwHy$b AgVo. ~waerMr nm§T>aQ> dmT> gd© n¥ð>^mJmda {XgyZ Amë`mda ßb°ñQ>rH$Mr {nedr H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdr.
~waerMr dmT> hmoÊ`mg 10 Vo 15 {Xdg bmJVmV. ~waerÀ`m Ym½`mZr H$mS> KÅ> {MH$Qy>Z Ë`mg T>onoMm AmH$ma àmá hmoVmo. `mgM
“~oS>’’ Ago åhUVmV.
{nH$mMr {ZJm … qYJarMo ßb°ñQ>rH$ {nedr H$mT>bobr ~oS> ‘m§S>Urda `mo½` A§Vamda R>odmdo. ~oS>da hdm‘mZmZygma
{XdgmVyZ XmoZ-VrZ doim nmÊ`mMr hbH$s \$dmaUr H$amdr. O{‘Zrda, q^Vrda nmUr \$dméZ {nH$mÀ`m ImobrVrb Vmn‘mZ
(25-300 go§) d hdoVrb AmÐ©Vm (85-90 %) {Z`§{ÌV R>odmdr. Mm§Jbo CËnÞ {‘iÊ`mgmR>r IoiVr hdm d àH$me `m§Mr
JaO Amho. 3-4 {XdgmV ~oS>À`m g^modVmbr A§Hy$a (nrZhoS>) {Xgy bmJVmV d nwT>rb 3-4 {XdgmV Ë`mMr PnmQ>çmZo dmT>
hmoD$Z Vr H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r V`ma hmoVo.
H$mT>Ur … n{hbr H$mT>Ur {nedr âë`mnmgyZ 20-25 {XdgmV {‘iVo. H$mT>Urnydu 1 {Xdg Aqi~rda nmUr \$dmé
Zò. `m‘wio Aqi~r H$moaS>r d VOobXma ahmVo. Aqi~rÀ`m H$S>m AmV diÊ`mnydu H$mT>Ur H$amdr. bhmZ‘moR>r gd© Aqi~r
EH$mM doir H$mTy>Z ¿`mdr. H$mT>Ur Aqi~rÀ`m XoR>mbm YéZ qnaJiyZ H$amdr. Xwgao nrH$ KoÊ`mnwdu Ë`mM ~oS>da hbH$m
hmV {\$adyZ Hw$Oboë`m d ‘moH$ù`m Pmboë`m H$mS>mMm nmVigm Wa H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdm. {Z`{‘VnUo {XdgmVyZ 2-3 doim nmUr
\$dmamdo. 9-10 {Xdgm§Zr Xwgao nrH$ {‘iVo d Ë`mZ§Va 8-10 {Xdgm§Zr {Vgao nrH$ {‘iVo. gmYmanUo 1 {H$bmo dmidboë`m
H$mS>mÀ`m EH$m ~oS>nmgyZ 800 J«°‘ Vo 1 {H$bmo VmÁ`m Aqi~rMo CËnmXZ {‘iVo. {H$S>rMm ~§Xmo~ñV H$aÊ`mgmR>r H$mT>UrZ§Va
àËòH$doir ‘°bo{WAm°Z qH$dm ZwdmZ 0.02 Q>¸o$ (10 br. nmÊ`mV 2 {‘. br.) `m à‘mUmV \$dmaUr H$amdr. ~oS>da \$io
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 307

AgVmZm {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ \$dmé ZòV.
Aqi~rMr gmR>dUyH$ … VmOr Aqi~r qN>Ðo nmS>boë`m ßb°ñQ>rH$ {neì`m‘Üò EH$ {Xdg amhÿ eH$Vo. \«$rO‘Üò VrZ
Vo Mma {Xdg {Q>H$Vo. VmÁ`m Aqi~rg ~mOmanoR> Zgë`mg Aqi~r CÝhm‘Üò dmidmdr, Aqi~r CÝhm‘Üò XmoZ-VrZ {XdgmV
nyU©nUo dmiVo. dmibobr Aqi~r ßb°ñQ>rH$ {nedrV grb H$éZ (hdm~§X) R>odë`mg Vr ghm ‘{hÝ`mnojm A{YH$ H$mi
Mm§Jë`m pñWVrV amhVo. dmiboë`m Aqi~rMo dOZ Amoë`m Aqi~rÀ`m dOZmÀ`m 1/10 BVHo$ H$‘r hmoVo.
qYJarMo ImÚnXmW© … Aqi~rMo {d{dY àH$maMo ImÚnXmW© V`ma H$aVm òVmV. CXm. Ôr, g‘mogo, g°bS>, H«$s‘,
Aqi~r, gwH$s qH$dm añgm^mOr, Aqi~r-Q>mo‘°Q>mo, Aqi~r ^|S>r, âbobr {‘aMr, Am°åboQ>, nwbmd, {nPm, gyn, bmoUMr
BË`mXr. Ë`mMà‘mUo BVa ImÚnXmWm©V {‘giyZ MdXma d nm¡ï>rH$ nXmW© ~ZdVm òVmV. dmi{dbobr qYJar H$mo‘Q> nmÊ`mV
10-15 {‘{ZQ>o {Ô{dë`mZ§Va ImÊ`mgmR>r Va VmÁ`m qYJarMr nmdS>a H$éZ Vr ñdm{Xï> “gyn’’ H$aÊ`mgmR>r dmnaVm òVo.
~mOmanoR> : VmÁ`m d dmiboë`m qYJar Aqi~rMr {Z`{‘V IaoXr H$aUmao Xbmb qH$dm `§ÌUm Zgë`mZo d¡`{º$H$ nmVirda
g§nH©$ gmYyZ {dH«$s ì`dñWm H$amdr bmJVo. Ë`mgmR>r hm°Q>oëg² , ~oH$ar, S>oAar, {S>nmQ>©‘|Q>b ñQ>moAg©, nrPm g|Q>g©, Ho$Q>[a¨J
ì`dgm`rH$, AÞà{H«$`m H$aUmao CÚmoJ `m§À`mer g§nH©$ gmYmdm. gyngmR>r nmdS>a qH$dm bmoUÀ`mÀ`m ñdénmV à{H«$`m H$ê$Z
{dH«$s H$aVm òVo. VmOr d dmidbobr qYJar AZwH«$‘o é. 50 Vo 60 d é. 500 Vo 600 à{V {H$bmo ^mdmZo {dH$br OmVo.
2. ~Q>U Aqi~rMr bmJdS> (A°J°[aH$g ~m`ñnmoag)
`m Aqi~rÀ`m bmJdS>rgmR>r `m§{ÌH$ gmYZm§Mm dmna H$éZ Vmn‘mZ {Z`§ÌrV R>odmdo bmJV Agë`mZo Ë`mgmR>r ‘moR>çm
à‘mUmV Am{W©H$ Jw§VdUyH$ H$amdr bmJVo. a°Šg², H§$nmoñQ> `mS>© B. gw{dYmgh {H$‘mZ à{V {XZ 50 {H$. J«°. Aqi~r
CËnmXZj‘Vm Agbobm àH$ën {H$\$m`Vera AgVmo. `m Aqi~rÀ`m CËnmXZmgmR>r dmnamd`mMo H§$nmoñQ> {XK© d H$‘r ‘wXVrÀ`m
Aem XmoZ nÜXVrZo H$aVm òVo. ‘hmamï´´>m‘Üò àm‘w»`mZo H$‘r ‘wXVrÀ`m nÜXVrZoM H§$nmoñQ> V`ma H$aVmV. `m‘Üò JìhmMo
H$mS>, ^mVmMm n|T>m, D$gmMo nmMQ>, gmo`m~rZMo H$mS> B. àH$maMo nm`m^yV nXmW© dmnaVmV. Ë`m‘Üò KmoS>çmMr {bX H$m|~S>rMo
IV, `w[a`m, JìhmMm H$m|S>m, {Oßg‘, `mgmaIr g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo {‘giyZ Ë`mnmgyZ T>rJ nÜXVrZo H§$nmoñQ> Ho$bo OmVo.
H§$nmoñQ> XmoZ Q>ßß`mV Ho$bo OmVo. n{hë`m Q>ßß`mV hdoera {Zdmè`m‘Üò EH$ {XdgmAmS> {T>JmMr CbWmnmbW Ho$br OmVo. Xhm
~mam {XdgmZ§Va ~§{XñV OmJoV H§$nmoñQ>Mo Vmn‘mZ dm\o$À`m ghmæ`mZo 55 Vo 600 go. Xaå`mZ {Z`§ÌrV H$aÊ`mV òVo. Ë`mZ§Va
H§$nmoñQ>>Mo Vmn‘mZ 3000 go§. nojm H$‘r Vmn‘mZmn`ªV Imbr AmUVmV. `mdoir H§$nmoñQ>‘Üò A‘mo{Z`mMr dm\$ Zgmdr. ho
H§$nmoñQ> ßb°pñQ>H$ {neì`mV àËòH$s 10 {H$. J«°. âmdo H§$nmoñQ>gh {nedr (~oS>) Mr C§Mr 25-30 go|. ‘r. Agmdr. H§$nmoñQ>
âVmZm Ë`m‘Üò Ë`mÀ`m dOZmÀ`m 0.75 Q>¸o$ ñnm°Z noamdo.
Ho$gtJ
noaUrZ§Va ~oS>Mr 25 g|. Vmn‘mZmg 15 {Xdg C~dUr Ho$br OmVo. `m H$mimV H§$nmoñQ>da Aqi~rÀ`m ~waerMm XmQ> Wa
V`ma hmoVmo. `m doir ~oS>‘Yrb H§$nmoñQ>À`m n¥ð>^mJmda Mm§Jbo Hw$Obobo eoUIV d ‘mVr qH$dm H$moH$mo nrQ> `m§Mm g‘à‘UmV
{‘lUmMm åhUOoM Ho$gtJMm 2 Vo 3 g|.‘r. OmS>rMm Wa XoÊ`mV òVmo. Ho$gtJ Wamda XaamoO nmÊ`mMr hbH$s \$dmaUr H$ê$Z
Amobga R>odmdm, AmR> {XdgmZ§Va ImobrMo Vmn‘mZ 16 Vo 180 go§. Xaå`mZ {Z`§ÌrV Ho$bo OmVo. AmÐ©Vm 80 Vo 90 Q>¸o$ d nwaoer
ewÜX hdm, nwa{dë`mg Ho$gtJ Ho$ë`mnmgyZ 12 Vo 15 {Xdgm§V bhmZ ~Q>U {Xgy bmJVmV. nwT>rb AmR> {XdgmV Vo nyU© dmT>VmV.
ñnm°Z noaUrnmgwZ 40 Vo 50 {Xdgm§n`ªV Xa AmR>dS>çmg EH$ `m à‘mUo 5-6 doim ~hma òVmo. XoR>mMm ‘wimH$S>rb ‘mVrMm ^mJ
H$mnyZ ñdÀN> Aqi~r àËòH$ nm{H$Q>mV 200 J«°‘ ^éZ {dH«$rg nmR>{dVmV [H§$dm à{H«$`m H$éZ S>ã`mV hdmd§~X H$éZ {dH$br
OmVo. EH$ {¹$§Q>b H§$nmoñQ>nmgyZ 15 Vo 20 {H$bmo VmOr Aqi~r {‘iVo. ~Q>U Aqi~rMo nr-1, EZ.gr.Eg. 12 ho A{YH$
CËnÞ XoUmao dmU àgm[aV Ho$bo AmhoV.
ñnm°Z ({~`mUo) nwadR>m
ñnm°ZMm nwadR>m Aqi~r àH$ën, H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo òWyZ 250 d 500 J«°‘À`m nm°bràmnbrZÀ`m {neì`m‘YyZ
Ho$bm OmVmo. ñnm°Z OmñV hdo Agë`mg 10-15 {Xdg AJmoXa 50 Q>¸o$ a¸$‘ ^éZ ‘mJUr Zm|Xdmdr.
à{ejU
[Y§Jar bmJdS>rMo àmË`{jH$mgh à{ejU d ‘mJ©Xe©Z, H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo òWo n«ËòH$ ‘{hÝ`mÀ`m n{hë`m e{Zdmar
gH$mir 10 Vo gm`§. 5 `m doioV {Xbo OmVo. Ë`mgmR>r à{V ì`{º$g é. 500/- ewëH$ AmH$mabo OmVo.
g§nH© … H$dH$emók, Aqi~r àH$ën,H¥${f ‘hm{dÚmb`, nwUo - 411005, \$moZ Z§. 020-25537033/38, {dñVm[aV
H«$. 220
308Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

’w$bo Ðdén OrdmUy g§dY©Z
1. A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a
A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a OrdmUy O{‘Zr‘Ü¶o {nH$m§À¶m ‘wim^modVr amhþZ AghOrdr nÜXVrZo hdoVrb ZÌmMo pñWarH$aU H$aVmV
d {nH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV.
{nHo$ : V¥UYmÝ¶o, ZJXr {nHo$, ^mOrnmbm Am{U ’$iPmS>o
à‘mU : 1. {~Oà{H«$¶m - 25 {‘.br./{H$bmo {~¶mUo
2. nwZ©bmJdS> (amon ~wS>{dUo) - 500 {‘.br. / EH$a
3. {R>~H$ qgMZ - 2 {bQ>a/EH$a
4. O{‘ZrV XoÊ¶mgmR>r - 2 {bQ>a Ðdê$n OrdmUwIV 50 {H$bmo eoUIVmV {‘giyZ eoVm‘Ü¶o
g‘à‘mUmV Q>mH$mdo.
Cn¶w³VVm : 1. {~¶mÊ¶mMr CJdU j‘Vm dmT>{dVo.
2. {nH$m§Mr Omo‘Xma dmT> hmoD$Z {ZamoJr amhVmV.
3. ZÌ IVmMr 15 Vo 20 Q>³Ho$ ~MV hmoVo.
4. {nH$mÀ¶m CËnmXZmV 10 Vo 15 Q>³Ho$ dmT> hmoVo.
5. n¶m©daUmg Cn¶w³V Agë¶m‘wio O{‘ZrMo Amamo½¶ Mm§Jbo amhVo.
2. A°goQ>mo~°³Q>a
A°goQ>mo~°³Q>a OrdmUy D$g d BVa eH©$am¶w³V {nH$m§À¶m ‘wim§‘Ü¶o àdoe H$ê$Z ZÌmMo pñWarH$aU H$aVmV. ho OrdmUy
A§Vaàdmhr Agë¶mZo pñWa Ho$boë¶m ZÌmMm nrH$ dmT>r‘Ü¶o gdm©{YH$ dmna hmoVmo. D$g {nH$mg 40 Vo 50% ZÌmMm
nwadR>m hmoD$Z 10 Vo 20% CËnmXZmV dmT> hmoVo.
{nHo$ : D$g, gmIaH§$X, aVmio
à‘mU : 1. ~oUo à{H«$¶m - 1 {bQ>a / EH$a
2. {R>~H$ qgMZ - 2 {bQ>a / EH$a
3. O{‘ZrV XoÊ¶mgmR>r - 2 {bQ>a Ðdê$n OrdmUy IV 50 {H$bmo eoUIVmV {‘giyZ eoVm‘Ü¶o
Cn¶w³VVm : 1. {nH$m§Mr Omo‘Xma dmT> hmoD$Z {ZamoJr amhVmV.
2. ZÌ IVmMr 40 Vo 50 Q>³Ho$ ~MV hmoVo.
3. ñ’w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy
O{‘Zr‘Yrb CnbãY ñ’w$aXmÀ¶m ’$³V 10 Vo 15 Q>³Ho$ ñ’w$aX {nH$m§Zm Cn¶w³V hmoVmo. Cabobm 85 Vo 90 Q>³Ho$
ñ’w$aX A{dÐmì¶ ñdénmV O{‘ZrV {e„H$ amhVmo. ’w$bo Ðdén ñ’w$aX OrdmUy g§dY©Z hm A{dÐmì¶ ñdénmVrb ñ’w$aXmMo
{dÐmì¶ ñdénmV énm§Va H$ê$Z {nH$m§Zm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVmV.
{nHo$ : gd© àH$maMr V¥UYmÝ¶, JirV YmÝ¶, ZJXr {nHo$, Mmam {nHo$, ^mOrnmbm Am{U ’$iPmS>o
à‘mU : 1. {~Oà{H«$¶m - 25 {‘.br./{H$bmo {~¶mUo
2. nwZ©bmJdS> (amon ~wS>{dUo)-500 {‘.br./EH$a
3. {R>~H$ qgMZ - 2 {bQ>a/EH$a
4. O{‘ZrV XoÊ¶mgmR>r - 2 {bQ>a Ðdê$n OrdmUyIV 50 {H$bmo eoUIVmV {‘giyZ eoVm‘Ü¶o
Cn¶w³VVm : 1. {~¶mÊ¶mMr CJdU j‘Vm dmT>{dVo.
2. PmS>mMr ‘wio Omo‘Xma dmT>VmV.
3. {nH$m§Mr O{‘ZrV AÞÐì¶o IoMyZ KoÊ¶mMr j‘Vm dmT>Vo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 309

H$miOr : 1. OrdmUy g§dY©ZmMr ~mQ>br gw¶©àH$me d CîUVonmgyZ Xÿa R>odmdr.
2. amgm¶{ZH$ IVo d BVa H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ AWdm ~waerZmeH$mV {‘giy Z¶oV.
3. {nH$m§gmR>r dmna H$aV AgVmZm O{‘ZrV Amobmdm AgUo Amdí¶H$ Amho.
4. hr OrdmUy IVo dmnaÊ¶mg§~§Yr ~mQ>brda Or A§{V‘ VmarI {Xbr Agob Ë¶m nyduM dmnamdr.
* ’w$bo Ðdén OrdmUy g§dY©H$m§Mo Xa *
250 {‘.br. - é.60/-
500 {‘.br. - é. 110/-
1 {bQ>a - é. 200/-
é. 10,000/- nojm OmñV IaoXrda 20% gwQ>
g§nH©$ … àH$ën g‘Ýd¶H$, OrdmUw IVo CËnmXZ àH$ën, dZñnVr amoJemó d H¥${f AUwOrdemó {d^mJ, ‘.’w$.H¥$.{d., amhþar
H$m¶m©b¶ ’$moZ Z§.… (02426) 243231, ^«‘UÜdZr Z§. 98922846671
dZñnVr amoJemñÌ d H¥${f AUwOrdemñÌ {d^mJm§VJ©V

am~{dÊ¶mV ¶oUmè¶m {d{dY ¶moOZm
1. OrdmUy IVo àH$ën … amîQ´>r¶ H¥${f {dH$mg ¶moOZ|VJ©V é. 100 bmI AZwXmZmVwZ Ðdén OrdUyIVo CËnmXZ àH$ën
VgoM {b½ZmB©Q> {‘lrV A°PmoQ>mo~°³Q>a, A°Pmoñnrarb‘, A°gmoQ>mo~°³Q>a, am¶Pmo{~¶‘, ñ’w$aX {daKi{dUmao OrdmUy, H§$nmoñQ>
H$ëMa d Q´>m¶H$moS>‘m©Mo CËnmXZ KoD$Z eoVH$è¶m§Zm nwa{dbo OmVo.
2. nrH$ amoJ AZw‘mZ H|$Ð… {nH$m§darb {d{dY amoJm§Mo {díbofU H$ê$Z Ë¶mda Cnm¶¶moOZm gwM{dë¶m OmVmV. Ë¶mgmR>r
gwú‘Xe©H$ ¶§ÌmÛmao nmhUr, amoJO§VwMo à¶moJemioV n¥ÏWH$aU d AmoiI Am{U Ë¶mda AmYmarV amoJmMo ì¶dñWmnZm~m~V
eoVH$è¶m§H$Sy>Z é. 200 ’$r AmH$mabr OmVo.
3. amoJmMm àgma Wm§~{dÊ¶mgmR>r H$m¶Xo{df¶H$ àH$ën (nrB©³¶w) … npíM‘ ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb 10 {OëømV naXoemVyZ ~r, amono,
H§$X d H$b‘o BË¶mXrMr Am¶mV AWdm {Z¶m©V H$amd¶mMr Agë¶mg Ë¶mMr H$sS> d amoJmÀ¶m àmXþ^m©dmMr gImob VnmgUr
Ho$br OmVo. ¶m‘wio Z{dZ {R>H$mUr amoJm§Mm àgma hmoV Zmhr. ~r, amono, H§$X d H$b‘o amoJ‘w³V Agë¶mMo à‘mUnÌ {Xbo OmVo. ho
à‘mUnÌ Agë¶m{edm¶ darb ~m~tMr Am¶mV AWdm {Z¶m©V nadmZJr Zmhr. ¶mgmR>r é. 10,000/- ’$s AmH$mabr OmVo.
4. S>mqi~mdarb hm°Q>©g°n ¶moOZm … S>mqi~ {nH$mdarb amoJ Am{U {H$S>r gd}jU gëbm d ì¶dñWmnZ àH$ënm A§VJ©V
{‘imboë¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao amoJ d {H$S> {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r g„m XoÊ¶mV ¶oVmo. amîQ´>r¶ H¥${f {dH$mg ¶moOZoVyZ ¶m àH$ënmg gZ
2015-2016 ¶m dfm©gmR>r AZwXmZ XoÊ¶mV Ambo.
5. n¶m©daU AZwHy$b dZñnVr amoJ ì¶dñWmnZ d Cn¶w³V gwú‘Ord g§emoYZ à¶moJemim … OrdmUy IVo, O¡{dH$ {H$S>ZmeHo$
JwUdËVm VnmgUr d {dfmUy OÝ¶ amoJ Bbo³Q´>m°Z ‘m¶H«$moñH$mon Ûmao VnmgUr d Cnm¶ ¶moOZm ¶m à¶moJemioV ’$s AmH$mê$Z Ho$br
OmVo.
6. {d{dY H§$nÝ¶mM§r ZdrZ ~waerZmeHo$ d OrdmUy ZmeHo$ MmMUr … {d{dY H§$nÝ¶m§Mr ZdrZ ~waerZmeHo$ d OrdmUy ZmeHo$
Am¡fYm§Mr doJdoJù¶m {nH$m§darb amoJ {Z¶§ÌUmgmR>r MmMUr à¶moJ ’$s AmH$mê$Z KoVbo OmVmV.
310Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

newg§dY©Z d Xw½Yemó
åh¡g
^maVmÀ¶m EHy$U XyY CËnmXZmV åh¡erÀ`m XwYmMm dmQ>m 55% BVH$m Amho. {ZH¥$ï> àVrÀ`m Mmè`mMo XwYmV ê$nm§Va
H$aÊ`mMr j‘Vm åher‘Üò A{YH$ Agë`mZo gÜ`m A{YH$ Xw½YmoËnmXZmgmR>r åher nmiUo {H$\$m`Vera Amho. åhUyZ åhetMo
g§JmonZ Mm§Jë`m [aVrZo H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho. XyY CËnmXZm{edm` ‘m§gmoËnmXZ d AmoT>H$m‘mgmR>r gwÕm åhetMm / aoS>çm§Mm
dmna Ho$bm OmVmo.
åhetÀ`m OmVr
1. ‘wèhm ({X„r) … CÎma ^maVmV VgoM ‘hmamï´´>mV hr OmV AmT>iVo. eara~m§Ym ‘moR>m, ^maXñV d H$UIa AgVmo. EH$m
doVmVrb XwYmMo à‘mU 2500 Vo 3000 {bQ>a AgVo. Ë`mV JmB©À`m XwYmnojm pñZ½YmMo à‘mU OmñV AgVo.
2. ‘ohgmUm … hr OmV gwaVr d ‘wèhm OmVrÀ`m g§H$amnmgyZ {Z‘m©U Pmbr AgyZ, eara d¡{eï>ço ‘wèhm OmVrer {‘iVr
OwiVr AmhoV. `m åher EH$m doVmV gamgar 2200 Mo 2400 {bQ>an`ªV XyY XoVmV.
3. n§T>anwar … gmobmnya, H$moëhmnya, gm§Jbr, gmVmam, ~oiJmd n[agamV àm‘w»`mZo AmT>iVmV. `m åher AmH$mamZo ‘Ü`‘ nU
A{Ve` H$mQ>H$ AgVmV. bm§~ d {Z‘wiVm Moham, Im§Úmn`ªV nmohMUmar bm§~ d {nidQ>bobr VbdmargmaIr qeJo ho
Ë`m§Mo d¡{eï>ç. åherMo dOZ gmYmaU 400 {H$bmo d aoS>çmMo dOZ 500 {H$bmo AgVo. nmaS>çm d`mÀ`m 25 Vo 30
‘{hÝ`mV JmÛ amhVmV Am{U 35 Vo 40 ‘{hÝ`mV n{hë`m§Xm {dVmV. ‘Ü`‘ eara, bdH$a d`mV òUmè`m nmaS>çm, H$‘r
^mH$S> H$mi, n{hë`m doVmMo doir H$‘r d`, CÎm‘ àOmoËnmXZ d Xw½YmoËnmXZ j‘Vm Am{U Xw½YmoËnmXZmMo gmVË` `m
JwUm§‘wio XwYmgmR>r hr OmV Mm§Jbr Amho. ho gd© JwU EH${ÌVnUo BVa OmVrV AmT>iV ZmhrV. `m åher EH$m doVmV 1500
Vo 1800 {bQ>a XyY XoVmV. n§T>anwar åherÀ`m n¡XmergmR>r JmoR>rV {d`m©À`m ‘mÌm é. 14/- à{V ‘mÌm `m XamZo amï´>r` H¥${f
g§emoYZ àH$ën, eo|S>mnmH$©$, H$moëhmnya (0231-2693717) `m§MoH$S>o {dH«$sgmR>r CnbãY AmhoV.
4. gwaVr … eara ~m§Ym ‘Ü`‘, S>moio ‘moR>o, bm§~Q> d é§X AgVmV. ^wd`mMo Ho$g nm§T>ao d qeJo ‘Ü`‘ d {dù`m§À`m AmH$mam§Mr
AgVmV. earamMm a§J ^wam H$minQ> AgVmo. EH$m doVmVrb XwYmMo CËnmXZ 1800 {bQ>a AgVo.
n¡Xmg … åherMo àOmoËnmXZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r ewÕ OmVrMm d CÎm‘ àVrMm aoS>m {ZdS>mdm. bdH$a JmÛ amhUmè`m d OmñV XyY
XoUmè`m åh¡ernmgyZ n¡Xm Pmbobm diy {ZdSy>Z Ë`mMr Mm§Jbr OmonmgZm H$amdr. Ë`mMm Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Ë`mM OmVrMr ewÕVm
d d¡{eîQ>ço OVZ H$amdrV.{ZdS> nÕVrZoM åher‘Üò gwYmaUm H$aUo eŠ` Amho. Ë`mnmgyZ {‘iUmè`m {nT>çm§Mr dmT> H$aUo
\$m`ÚmMo R>aVo. OZmda ì`më`mda 2 ‘{hÝ`mZo diy XmIdmdm d {dÊ`mnydu XmoZ> ‘{hZo OZmda ^mH$S> H$amdo.
‘mOmMr bjUo … ~hþVm§er åh¡er gy`m}X`mnydu d gy`m©ñVmZ§Va ‘mOmda òVmV. åhetMm gmoQ> KÅ> AgVmo. JmB©à‘mUo Vmo bm|~V
Zmhr qH$dm nwR²>R>çmbm {MH$Q>bobm ZgVmo. åh¡g dma§dma bKdr H$aVo. {ZaUmMo H$mVS>rda nm§T>aQ> jma {XgVmV. ‘mOmdarb
åhetMo {ZaU gwOë`mgmaIo {XgVo, {ZaUmMm a§J OmñV H$miga d VobH$Q> {XgVmo. åh¡g nmÝhm MmoaVo, H$mg d gS> VmR>abobo
{XgVmV. ‘mOmdarb åhetÀ`m nmR>rda Wmn ‘maë`mg Vr Amnbr eonQ>r C§MmdVo.
Amhma d {ZJm … j‘VoBVHo$ XyY {‘iÊ`mgmR>r gd©gmYmaUV… 400{H$bmo dOZ Agboë`m åherg XaamoO 25 {H$bmo {hadm d 7
Vo 8 {H$bmo H$moaS>m Mmam eara nmofUmgmR>r Úmdm. XyY {Z{‘©VrgmR>r, XaamoOÀ`m EHy$U XyY CËnmXZmÀ`m 50% IwamH$ Úmdm
åhUOo XyY CËnmXZmMo gmVË` {Q>Hy$Z amhrc. àËòH$ åherbm {nÊ`mgmR>r 60 Vo 75 {b. nmUr amoO bmJVo. åh¡er Sw>§~Ê`mgmR>r
nmÊ`mMr gmo` Agë`mg Mm§Jbo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 311

Jm`
1. g§H$[aV JmB© nmiÊ`mMo \$m`Xo … `m H$mbdS>r bdH$a d`mV òVmV. g§H$[aV JmB©‘Ü¶o AÞmMo XwYmV ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mMr
j‘Vm d àOZZj‘Vm ñWm{ZH$ Jm`rnojm ~è`mM à‘mUmV OmñV Amho. g§H$[aV Jm`r‘Üò XyY CËnmXZ A{YH$ AgVo Am{U
^mH$S> H$mi H$‘r AgVmo. g§H$[aV Jm` ñWm{ZH$ JmB©nojm {ZpíMVM \$m`Xoera Amho.
2. XwYmi JmB©Mr {ZdS> … gd©gmYmaUnUo XwYmi JmB©Mm ‘mJrb ^mJ ‘moR>m d é§X AgVmo. Mmahr gS> EH$mM AmH$mamMo
AgyZ Ë`m§Mr bm§~r gmaIr AgVo. H$mgoÀ`m {eam ‘moR>çm, bm§~ d ñnï> AgVmV. OZmda VaVarV AgVo. H$mVS>r VOobXma,
nmVi d ‘D$ AgVo. EH§$Xa OZmda g‘moéZ {Z‘wiVo, ‘mJo é§X hmoV Jococo {XgVo. gd©gmYmaU ~m§Ym ^¸$‘ AgVmo d H$moR>m
VwbZmË‘H$ÑîQ>çm ‘moR>m AgVmo. darb gd© JwUm§~amo~a Jm` {ZamoJr Agmdr.
3. A{YH$ XyY XoUmè`m JmB©À`m OmVr … naXoemV Ogu, hmoëñQ>rZ {\«$Or`Z, ~«mD$Z pñdg, aoS> S>oZ, Amà emà `m OmVr
Va ‘hmamï>´>mV Jra hr XwYmi OmV AmT>iVo.
{Vhoar g§H$[aV Jm`… \w$bo {ÌdoUr
gd©gmYmaU CnbãY g§H$[aV Jm`r‘Yrb doJdoJù`m JwUXmofm§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z Ë`mVrb Xmof H$‘r H$ê$Z eoVH$è`m§Zm
Cn`wº$ R>aoc Aer “\w$bo {ÌdoUr’’Jm` ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mVrb Jmo g§emoYZ d {dH$mg àH$ënmda {dH${gV Ho$bobr
Amho. `m g§H$[aV Jm`r‘Üò hmoëñQ>rZ {\«$Or`Z (50%), Ogu (25%) d Jra (25%) `m OmVtÀ`m aº$mMm g‘mdoe Amho.
Ë`m‘wio A{YH$ XyY CËnmXZ, A{YH$ pñZ½Ym§e> d CÎm‘ amoJ à{VH$maH$ j‘Vm `m§Mm {ÌdoUr g§J‘ `m {Vhoar g§H$[aV OmVrV
gmYbm Amho. `m OmVrMo {dVmMo gamgar Xw½YmoËnmXZ 3000 Vo 3500 {bQ>a AgyZ, XwYmVrc \°$Q>Mo à‘mU 3.8 Vo 4.2
Amho. `m Jm`tMr amoJ à{VH$maH$ j‘Vmhr Mm§Jbr Amho. `m OmVrMo d¡{eï>ç åhUOo `m OmVrÀ`m nwT>rb {nT>çm§Mr Xw½YmoËnmXZ
j‘Vmhr ‘yi {nT>çm EdT>rM Odinmg H$m`‘ amIbr OmVo Ago g§emoYZmA§Vr AmT>iyZ Ambo Amho. eoVH$è`m§À`m eoVmda
gwÕm `m JmBªZr gd©gmYmaUnUo Mm§Jbr JwUdÎmm {gÕ Ho$br Amho. \w$bo {ÌdoUr diyMo JmoR>rV {d`© Jmo g§emoYZ d [dH$mg àH$ën,
‘.\w$.H¥$. {dÚmnrR>, amhþar òWo {dH«$sgmR>r CnbãY Amho g§nH$©$- 02426-243361.
4. OZmdam§Mo JmoR>o …OZmdamMo JmoR>o C§M {R>H$mUr hdoera AgmdoV. JmoR>çm‘Üò ânya COoS> d IoiVr hdm amhrb Aer
ì`dñWm Agmdr. JmoR>çmV OmñVrV OmñV gy`©àH$me Agmdm. JìhmUr {Q>H$mD$ d nŠŠ`m Agmì`mV. JmoR>çm§Mo N>ßna ‘Ü`^mJr
15 \y$Q> d ~mOyg 6 Vo8 \y$Q> C§M Agmdo. O‘rZ n¸$s Agmdr. JmoR>o OZmdam§Mo ‘mJrb ~mOyg CVaVo AgmdoV d eodQ>r ‘yÌdmhH$
Zmbr Agmdr. àËòH$ OZmdamg gamgar 65 Vo 75 Mm¡. \y$Q> OmJm Agmdr. JmoR>m YwVë`mZ§Va nmUr eoVmVrb {nH$mg
OmB©b Aer ì`dñWm H$amdr.
5. JmBªMo XÿY H$mT>VmZm ¿`md`mMr H$miOr … Jm` XÿY H$mT>Ê`mAJmoXa Iamam H$ê$Z ñdÀN> H$amdr. JmB©Mr H$mg, d
nmR>r‘mJrb ^mJ ñdÀN> nmÊ`mZo YwdyZ ñdÀN> \$S>Š`mZo H$moaS>r H$amdm. XÿY H$mT>Umè`m ‘mUgmMo hmV ñdÀN> AgmdoV. VgoM
Ë`mMr ZIo H$mT>bobr d ñdÀN> AgmdrV. H$moaS>çm hmVmZo XÿY H$mT>mdo. XÿY hbŠ`m hmVmZo nU doJmZo H$mT>mdo. XÿY H$mT>Ê`mÀ`m
doimV eŠ`Vmo ~Xb H$ê$ Zò Am{U XÿY H$mT>Ê`mÀ`m H$mbI§S>mV XoIrb ~Xb H$ê$ Zò. XÿY H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r ^m§S>r ñdÀN> d
H$moaS>r AgmdrV. Jm`tÀ`m XwYmMr Xa AmR>dS>çmbm ñVZXmh narjm H$amdr.
6. dmgam§Mo g§JmonZ … dmgê$ OÝ‘ë`m~amo~a Jm` Ë`mÀ`m ZmH$mVrb, Vm|S>mVrb d H$mZmVrb {MH$Q> nXmW© ñdÀN> H$aVo.
dmgamMo H$modio Iya H$mT>mdoV. Zmi AmnmoAmn VwQ>br Zgë`mg dmgamMo ~|~rnmgyZ 2-3 g|Q>r‘rQ>a A§Vamda Am`mo{S>Z‘Üò
{Ô{dboë`m Xmoè`mZo KÅ> ~m§YyZ Ë`mnwT>rb ^mJ {ZOªVwH$ Ho$boë`m H$mVarZo H$mnmdm d Ë`mda {XdgmVyZ 2-3 doim Am`moS>rZ
ÐmdU bmdmdo. dmgê$ OÝ‘ë`mZ§Va gw‘mao EH$m VmgmMo AmV Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m AmB©Mm MrH$ gd©gmYmaUnUo dmgamÀ`m dOZmÀ`m
8 Vo 10% `m à‘mUmV nmOmdm. VgoM à{V {Xdg `mM n«‘mUmV XÿY nmOmdo. qeJo dmTy> ZòV åhUyZ 7 Vo 10 {XdgmÀ`m AmV
emór` nÕVrZo qeJmMm ^mJ Am¡fYmZo AJa bmb Vmnboë`m bmoI§S>mZo S>mJ XoD$Z Zmhrgm H$amdm. dmgambm XÿY nmOë`mZ§Va
WmoS>m doi Vm|S>mbm ‘wgH$s ~m§Ymdr. bmù`m qH$dm bmiIwar hm amoJ dmgam§g hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ Ë`m§Zm d`mÀ`m {Vgè`m d ghmì`m
‘{hÝ`mV `m amoJmMr à{V~§YH$ bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr.
312Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

7. Xw^Ë`m JmB©Mo g§JmonZ … JmB©bm Xw½YmoËnmXZmÀ`m à‘mUmV ImÚ Úmdo. JmB©bm gamgar 15 Vo 20 {H$bmo {hadm, 5 Vo 8
{H$bmo H$moaS>m Mmam amoO Úmdm. eara nmofUmgmR>r XrS> Vo XmoZ {H$bmo IwamH$ Úmdm. VgoM XÿY CËnmXZmgmR>r XwYmÀ`m 40 Q>¸o$
IwamH$ Úmdm. Ë`m§Zm XaamoO YwVë`mg d 2-3 Vmg ‘moH$io {\$aÊ`mMm ì`m`m‘ {Xë`mZo {ZpíMV \$m`Xm hmoVmo. OZmdam§Zm XaamoO
g‘Vmob ImÚ {‘iob `mMr H$miOr KoUo ‘hËdmMo AgVo.
8. ‘mOmda Amboë`m JmB©g Ho$ìhm âmdo … Jm` gw‘mao 21 {Xdgm§À`m A§VamZo ‘mOmda òVo. Jm¶ ‘mOmMr bjUo
{Xgë`mnmgyZ 10-18 Vmgm§‘Üò âmdr. Vr JmÛ Z am{hë¶mg Xwgè`m, {Vgè`m ‘{hÝ`mV ‘mOmdma òVo. Aem Jm`rMr
VnmgUr H$ê$Z Am¡fYmonMma H$ê$Z ¿`mdm. Jm` ì`më`mZ§Va 60 {XdgmZ§Va bJoM ^ê$Z ¿`mdr. Ë`mgmR>r 4 {Xdg nmgyZ
{VÀ`m ‘mOmda bj R>odmdo. JmÛ Jm`rMo J^m©dñWoÀ`m 7 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va XÿY H$mT>Uo hiyhiy ~§X H$amdo. Ë`m‘wio {VÀ`m H$mgoMr
d J^m©e`mVrb dmgam§Mr Mm§Jë`m àH$mao dmT> hmoVo d Ë`mMm \$m`Xm nwT>rb doVmV XÿY dmT>Ê`mgmR>r hmoVmo.
9. JmÛ JmB©Mo g§JmonZ … JmÛ JmBªZm JmÛ H$mimV eodQ>À`m XmoZ Vo AS>rM ‘{hÝ`m§À`m H$mimV XrS> {H$bmo
ImÚmMm OmXm nwadR>m H$amdm. {dÊ`mÀ`m AJmoXa ‘moH$io {\$aÊ`mMm ì`m`m‘ Úmdm. àË`j Jm` {dÊ`mÀ`m doir {VÀ`mda
Xþê$ZM bj R>odmdo Am{U Amdí`H$Vm Agë`mg ‘XV Úmdr. Jm` ì`më`mZ§Va {VMm dma g§nyU©nUo nS>bm Amho `mMr ImÌr
H$ê$Z KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. JmoR>çmV Q>moH$Xma XJS>, {Iio Agy ZòV d ñdÀN>Vm R>odmdr.
amoJàgma hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ ¿`md`mMr H$miOr

amoJr OZmda {ZamoJr OZmdamnmgyZ doJio R>odmdo, amoJr OZmdam§Mo ‘b‘yÌ Xÿa ZoD$Z nwê$Z Q>mH$mdo. ‘oboë`m amoJr OZmdam§À`m
ZmH$mVm|S>mV d JwX²ÛmamV {ZOªVwH$ ÐdmMo ~moio KmbyZ Xÿa ZoD$Z nwamdo. g§gJ© Pmbm Agë`mMr e§H$m Amboë`m OZmdam§Zm Xwgè`m
{R>H$mUr ~m§Ymdo. {ZamoJr OZmdamg amoJ à{V~§YH$ bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr. OZmdam§Zm eŠ`Vmo KarM {d{harMo nmUr nmOmdo. amoJr d
{ZamoJr OZmdam§Mr XoI^mb EH$mM ‘mUgmZo H$ê$ Zò. JmoR>çmÀ`m q^VtZm 3 Vo 6 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr MwÝ`mMr g\o$Xr Úmdr.
g^modVmbÀ`m gmR>dboë`m nmÊ`mMm {ZMam H$amdm.
{ZamoJr OZmda d AmOmar OZmda `mVrb \$aH$

Ad`d {ZamoJr OZmda amoJr OZmda
S>moio nmUrXma, Mm¡\o$a ZOa {ZñVoO, nmUr dmhUmao
H mZ Q>dH$mabobo d ‘moH$ionUmZo hmbMmb H$aUmao bmb AJa {\$¸$Q> nS>bobo d hmbMmb Zgbobo
ËdMm ‘D$, D$~Xma, gVoO d Ho$g gm\$ ~gbobr A{V Ja‘ AJa W§S>, Ho$g C^mabobo, {ZñVoO
eoU qH${MV H$miga, qnJQ>, ‘D$ ~m§Yrd A{V KÅ> [H§$dm A{V nmVi, aº$ {‘lrV XwJªYr`wº$
bKdr qH${MV {ndiga d g\o$X WmoS>rWmoS>r, A{V bmb d H$ï>mZo hmoVo
ídmgmoÀN>dmg g§W d {Z`{‘V A{YH à‘mUmV Ymnm QmH$Vo
ZmgmJ« Amobo, Ðd`wº$, A‘©q~Xw`wº$ H$moaS>o
ImUo{nUo em§V d {Z`{‘VnUo ad§W H$aVo H$‘r à‘mUmV AJa A{O~mV ad§W H$aV Zmhr
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 313

OZmdam§Mo amoJ, bjUo d à{V~§YH$ Cnm`
amoJ bjUo amoJà{V~§YH$ Cnm`
H$minwir H$mZ, Vm|S> `moZr_mJ© d JwXÛma `mVyZ aº$ómd hmoVmo. `m amoJmMm àmXw^m©d Pmbm Agë`mg bg Q>moMyZ
OZmda EH$mEH$s AmOmar nS>Vo ImUo-{nUo ¿`mdr.
ad§W H$aUo ~§X hmoVo
\$è`m EH$mH$s Vmn òVmo, _mJMm nm` b§JS>Vmo, ‘m§gb Xadfu nmdgmù`mMo gwédmVrbm OZmdam§Zm A°b_
^mJmbm gyO òVo, Xm~ë`mg Ma Ma AmdmO òVmo. ào{g{nQ>|S> ìh°pŠgZ VwaQ>r`wº$ bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr.
KQ>gn© OZmda EH$mEH$s AmOmar nS>Vo. ImUo {nUo ~§X Xadfu nmdgmù`mnydu {ZamoJr OZmdam§Zm Am°B©b
hmoVo. A§JmV Vmn âVmo. Jù`mg gyO òVo. S>moio A°S>Á`wìhQ> EM. Eg. ìh°ŠgrZ Vob`wº$ bg Q>moMyZ
Imob OmVmV. nmUr JiVo KemMr KaKa gwé hmoVo. ¿`mdr.
ñVZXmh gS>mg VgoM H$mgobm gyO òVo, XyY A{V nmVi, XyY H$mT>Ê`mnydu$ŠbmoarZ qH$dm g°ìhbm°ZÀ`m ÐmdUmZo
aº$ AJa ny{_{lV òVo. OZmda H$mgobm hmV H$mg Yydmdr, AYyZ _YyZ ñVZXmh amoJmgmR>r XwYmMr
bmdy XoV Zmhr. VnmgUr H$éZ ¿`mdr. Jm`r qH$dm åher AmQ>{dÊ`mÀ`m
eodQ>À`m {Xder gS>mV A°{Q>~m`mo{Q>Šg Q>çyãO
gmoS>mì`mV.
OmoÝg amoJ OZmda {Xdg|{Xdg I§JV OmVo. Wm§~yZ Wm§~yZ amoJr OZmda AbJ R>odmdo. amoJmMr ImÌr Pmë`mda
nmVi hJdU hmoVo. O~S>çmImbr gyO òVo. ImUo newd¡ÚH$mMm g„m ¿`mdm.
- {nUo A{Z`{_V AgVo.
j` amoJ OZmdamg Vmn òVmo d T>mgVo, OZmda hiy hiy darb à_mUo
Aeº$ hmoVo. H$mVS>r {ZñVoO hmoVo. hJdU bmJVo.
~wiH$m§S>çm Vmn òVmo. ImUo ~§X hmoVo. gwédmVrbm ~ÕH$moð>Vm d gd© {ZamoJr OZmdam§Zm XmoZ dfm©VyZ EH$Xm nmdgmù`mnydu
Z§Va XwJªYr`wº$ Owbm~ hmoVmV. bmi JiVo. S>moio Q>í`y H$ëMa [a¨S>a noñQ> bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr.
Imob OmVmV d 8-10 {XdgmV OZmda XJmdVo.
bmi- Vm|S>mVyZ bmi JiVo, ImUo-{nUo, ad§W H$aUo gd© {ZamoJr OZmdam§Zm bmi IwaH$V amoJmMr àqV~§YH$
IwaHw$V _§XmdVo, {Oôg MÅ>o nS>VmV. nm`mÀ`m bg dfm©VyZ XmoZ doim (gßQ>|~a-_mM©) Q>moMmdr.
IwamV OI_m hmoVmV. OZmda b§JS>Vo
Wm`bo OZmdam§Zm gVV EH$ XmoZ AmR>dS>o Vmn òVmo. JmoMrS>, _mem dJ¡ao _wio `m amoJmMm àgma hmoVmo. åhUyZ JmoR>o
[a¶{gg OZmda I§JV OmVo. Am§~dU (IwamH$) ImV ñdÀN> R>odmdoV. OZmdamÀ`m A§Jmdahr JmoMrS> à{V~§YH$
Zmhr, KÅ> hJdU hmoVo. BbmO Z Pmë`mg _¥Ë`y nmdS>a bmdmdr. OZmda d JmoR>o S>oëQ>m_oW«rZ 12.50%
òVmo. gm`na_oW«rZ 100 B©.gr.B. Am¡fYo dmnéZ \$dméZ
H$mT>mdr. OZmdam§À`m Am`wî`âmgmR>r \$º$ EH$_mÌ
bgrH$aU H$éZ ¿`mdo.
{Vdm OZmdamg gS>Hy$Z Vmn òVmo, ImUo, {nUo _§XmdVo, amoJmMm àgma S>mgmnmgyZ hmoV Agë`mZo S>mgmMo
OZmda WaWa H$mnVo. EH$m nm`mZo b§JS>Vo, Z§Va {Z_©ybZ H$amdo.
_mZ, nmR>, S>moio d nm`mMo ñZm`y AmHw§$MZ nmdVmV.
nmoQ> \w$JUo S>mdr Hy$g \w$JVo. OZmda ~oM¡Z hmoVo. ImUo d ad§W nmdgmù`mV d W§S>rV Amobm d H$modim Mmam
H$aUo ~§X H$aVo. gmaIr CR>~g H$aVo. A{Và‘mUmV XoD$ Zò.
hJdU EH$ gmaIo gmYo AJa aº$ d eoU {_lrV nmVi OZmdam§Zm ewÜX nmUr d Mm§Jbo ImÚ Úmdo.
XwJªYr`wº$ em¡Mmg hmoVo, OZmda _byb hmoVo AewÜX d KmUoaS>çm Mmè`m_wio Ago hmoVo.
{bìha ImUo H$_r hmoVo. nmVi hmoVo. ImbÀ`m gd© OZmdam§Zm XmoZ doim (nmdgmù`mnydu d Z§Va) O§VmMo
O~S>çmImbr gyO òVo. OZmdao I§JV OmVmV d Am¡fY nmOmdo. {nÊ`mg Zoh_r ñdÀN> nmUr Úmdo.
H$Xm{MV _aVmV.
314Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

JmB©À`m OZZ|Ðr`mMo {dH$ma d bjUo
A.Z§. {dH$ma bjUo
1) J^m©e`mMm Xmh J^m©e`mVyZ ny òUo, Ë`mMm Hw$OQ> dmg òUo, J^m©e` _moR>o d _D$ hmoUo, dma nyU© Z nS>Uo
d Jm` dma§dma CbQ>Uo
2) BÝ\o$Šer`g ~modmB©Z EH$mH$s Vmn MT>Uo,ZmH$mVyZ {MH$Q> ñÌmd òUo, T>mgUo, `moZr_mJm©V nydmÀ`m JmR>r
[aZmoQ´>m`H$s`mQ>rg V`ma hmoUo, S>moio bmb hmoUo, J^©nmV hmoUo, dma§dma CbQ>Uo.
3) ìhr~«rAmogrg 4 Vo 5 _{hÝ`m§Mm J^©nmV hmoUo, dma§dma CbQ>Uo, Jm^ C{eam YaUo, _mO Z XmI{dUo.
4) boßQ>moñnmàmogrg EH$mH$s Vmn MT>Uo, ^yH$ _§XmdUo, H$moUË`mhr H$mbmdYrV J^©nmV hmoUo, Vm§~S>r bKdr
hmoUo, Aeº$nUm OmUdUo, {MH$Q> XyY òUo.
5) ~«wgobmogrg 6 Vo 7 _{hÝ`m§Mm J^©nmV hmoUo. dma ì`dpñWV Z nS>Uo, dma§dma CbQ>Uo, J^m©e`mMm
Xmh dmT>Uo.
6) Q´>m`H$mo_moZrAmogrg 2 Vo 3 _{hÝ`m§Mm J^©nmV hmoUo, J^m©e`mMm Xmh hmoD$Z “nw’’ V`ma hmoUo, A{Z`{_V
_mO XmI{dUo, dma§dma CbQ>Uo.
OZmdamVrb {df~mYm
A.Z§. {df~mYm hmoÊ`mMr H$maUo bjUo à{V~§YH$ Cnm`
1. H$modir ÁdmarMr VmQ>o OZmdamÀ`m YS>mMr _mJMr ~mOy {ZH$m_r hmVo,o OZmda ÁdmarMr H$modir VmQ>o qH$dm
ImÊ`m_wio \$onao `Vo,o ídmgmÀoN>dmgmg Ìmg hmVom,o nmQo> \$wJV,o H$m|~ ImUma ZmhrV `m~Ôb H$miOr
AdñW hmVo,o S>mùo`mVrb ~~wio àgaU nmdVmV. aº$ ¿`mdr.
JX© Vm~§S>o qH$dm bmb^S>H$ {XgV.o
2. {H$Q>H$ZmeH$ \$dmabobr _Ü`dVu _‚mmg§ñWm CÎmoOrV hmoVo, ñZm`§yMm H$sQ>H$ZmeH$ Am¡fYo \$dmaVm§Zm
{nHo$ d {dfmar Am¡fYo WaH$mn hmoVmo, OZmda dmH$Vo, XmV EH$_oH$m§da {deof H$miOr ¿`mdr.
nmoQ>mV Joë`mZo KmgVo, ídmgmoÀN>dmgmg \$ma Ìmg nS>Vmo,
Ag~§Y hmbMmb H$aVo, AS>IiVo, Vmn òVmo.
3. JmOa JdV ImÊ`mV OZmdamÀ`m AJ§mda JmY§r CR>VmV, H$mVS>r bmb JmOa JdV OZmdam§À`m ImÊ`mV òUma
Amë`m_wio hmVo,o gOw `Vo,o JmR>r `VomV, AñdñW hmVo,o ImO Zmhr Aer H$miOr ¿`mdr.
`Vo,o XYwmg H$S>dQ> Md d dmg `Vom.o
4. gmn Mmdë`m_wio earamÀ`m ImbÀ`m ^mJmda (S>mHo$o, ZmH$ d JmoR>çmV AS>Ji Zgmdr, ñdÀN>Vm
nm` B.) gmn Mmdë`mMr IUy ~Kmdr. gmn R>odmdr. JmoR>çmÀ`m Odinmg C§XamMr
Mmdë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Agø dXoZm hmVomV, gOy {~io ZgmdrV.
`Vo,o H$YrH$Yr aº$ `Vo,o ^mJ bmb hmVom.o OZmda
CÎmOorV hmVo.o bmb JmiV,o ñZm`w VmR> hmVomV,
earamg ~mH$ `Vom,o OZmda EH$m AJ§mda nS>Vo d
njKmV qH$dm AYmJªdm`y hmVomo d ídmgmÀoN>mgmg
\$maM Ìmg Pmë`m_i w o OZmda XJmdV.o
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 315

ñdÀN> Xþ½YmoËnmXZ
ñdÀN> XYy CËnmXZmgmR>r AË`mdí`H$ ~m~r
1) OZmdamM § m JmRo>m Am{U XYÿ H$mT>Ê`mMr OmJm eŠ`Vmo dJoir Agmdr. XYÿ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r ñdÀN> ‘mHo$ir OmJm dmnamdr
XYÿ H$mT>VmZm AmgnmgMm n[aga ñdÀN> R>domdm.
2) X^þVo OZmda dJoio H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`m H$‘aM o m ^mJ, ‘mJrb ‘mS§>çm, enoQ>r `mdê$Z Iamam H$amdm d H$mg Am{U gS>
Ia~arV ñdÀN> \$S>Š`mZo / Q>md°b o Zo ngwZy ñdÀN> H$amd.o `m‘i w o aº$m{^gaU dmT>yZ OZmda VaVarV hmVo.o
3) OZmdambm ~mY§ë`mZV§a H$m‘oQ> nmÊ`mV AJXr H$‘r à‘mUmV nmQo>{°e`‘ na‘J±ZQo>Mo IS>o Q>mH$yZ V`ma H$obëo`m gmå¡`
ÐmdUmZo Ë`mMr H$mg d gS> Ydwmdo d bJM o ñdÀN> \$S>Š`mZo / Q>md°b o Zo ngwmdVo.
4) XYÿ H$mT>md`mMr ñdÀN> d {ZOVªHw$ H$obb o r ^mS§>r, EH$ N>mQo>m H$n d XYÿ JmiÊ`mMo ñdÀN> ‘b‘b nmT§>ao H$mnS>
OmJdoa AmUZy R>domd.o
5) H$m‘oQ> nmÊ`mZo H$mg YVwë`mZV§a Jm` / åhg¡ nmÝhm gmSo>Ê`mg gawdmV H$aV.o
6) XYÿ H$mT>Umè`m ì`º$sZo Amnbo hmV nmQo>{°eA‘ na‘J±ZQo>À`m ÐmdUmV YdwZy ñdÀN> H$amdVo d XYÿ H$mT>Ê`mg gawdmV H$amdr.
7) gd© àW‘ nË«`Ho$ gS>mVrb n{hë`m H$mhr Ymam dJodJoù`m ñdVÌ§ H$nmV H$mT>mì`mV d ñVZXmh MmMUr H$amdr.
8) gn§Uy© ‘Rw> nÕVrZo XYÿ H$mT>Ê`mMr {H`«m g‘wmao 7 Vo 8 {‘{ZQ>mV nUy© H$amdr.
9) XYÿ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r {d{eï> AmH$ma (S>m‘o eno) AgUmar ^mS§>r dmnamdrV.
10) XYÿ H$mT>yZ Pmë`m~am~oa XYþmMo ^mS§>o dJoù`m Imb o rV R>domd.o
11) XYÿ H$mT>VmZm OZmdamg eŠ`Vmo dmibb o r da¡U, H$wÅ>r, ‘ayKmg, H$mÚ § mMr, bgUmMr nmV B. nH«$mamMo ImÚ Kmby Z`.o \$º$
Am~§dU Úmd.o
12) XYÿ ñdÀN> d H$maoS>çm (eŠ`Vmo ñQ>rcÀ`m) ^mS§>çmV ‘b‘bÀ`m nmT§>è`m \$S>Š`mVZy JmiZy gmR>dmd.o
13) eŠ` Agb o Va H$mT>bb o o XYþmMo ^mS§>o ~\$mÀ©`m nmÊ`mV bJM o ~Sw>dZy R>domd.o ho eŠ` Zgb
o Va Amnë`mM KamVrb
‘mR>mVrb / amO § UmVrb Jma nmUr dmnamd.o WmSo>çm WmSo>çm di o mZo ho nmUr ~Xbmd.o
14) JmiZy WS§> nmÊ`mV gmR>{dbëo`m XYþmMm bdH$amV bdH$a dmna / {dH$«s H$amdr. Aem nÕVrZo XYÿ CËnmXZ H$oë`mg
XYþmMr nV« d gmR>dUj‘Vm {ZpíMV dmT>V.o
OZmdam§Mr {d{dY ImÚo

1. ‘yaKmg
gd©gmYmaUnUo Amnë`mH$S>o \$º$ nmdgmù`mVrb 3-4 ‘{hZo {hadm Mmam ânya à‘mUmV CnbãY AgVmo. na§Vw dfm©Vrb
Caboë`m 8-9 ‘{hÝ`mV {haì`m Mmè`mMr H$‘VaVm ^mgVo. `m AS>MUrda ‘mV H$aÊ`mMm ‘yaKmg am‘~mU Cnm` Amho. ‘H$m,
Ádmar BË`mXr EH$Xb {nH$m§À`m {haì`m Mmè`mnmgyZ ‘yaKmg H$aVm òVmo.
‘yaKmg V`ma H$aÊ`mMr nÕV
Hw$Q>r`§ÌmÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo Mmè`mMr Hw$Q>r H$ê$Z Vr IS>>çm‘Üò âmdr. ‘Š`mMo nrH$ nmoQ>arda òD$Z XmUo XwYmi Ag-
VmZm H$mnmdo. Ádmar qH$dm ~mOarMo nrH$ \w$bmoè`mda AgVmZm ‘yaKmg H$amdm. IÈ>m âV AgVmZm dê$Z gVV Xm~ Úmdm.
Ë`m‘wio IS²>S>çmV hdm âUma Zmhr. IS>>çm‘Üòo hdm am{hë`mg Mmam Hw$OÊ`mMm g§^d AgVmo. Mm§Jë`m àVrMm ‘yaKmg V`ma
H$aÊ`mH$arVm pìXX²b {nH$m§‘Üò ~marH$ VwH$S>çmda 1 Vo 1.5 Q>¸o$ JwimMo nmUr, VgoM EH$Xb {nH$m‘Üò EH$ Q>¸$m `w[a`m
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ \$dmamdm. IÈ>m nyU© âë`mZ§Va IS>çmÀ`m n¥ð>^mJmda 3 Vo 4 \y$Q> C§M d¡aUrMm {Z‘yiVm T>rJ H$amdm Am{U
Ë`mda {Zén`moJr JdV qH$dm H$S>ã`mÀ`m no§T>çmMm Wa ngamdm. Ë`mZ§Va eoU d {MIb `m§À`m {‘lUmMm Wa XoD$Z IÈ>m PmHy$Z
Q>mH$mdm. IS²>S>çmda nm°{b{WZ nonagwÕm A§WaÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr.‘yaKmg V`ma hmoÊ`mg 55 Vo 60 {Xdgm§Mm H$mbmdYr bmJVmo.
Ë`mZ§Va IS²>S>çmÀ`m qH$dm nmB©nÀ`m Vm|S>mg WmoS>ogo ^moH$ nmSy>Z Ë`mVyZ amoO ‘yaKmg H$mTy>Z ¿`mdm. ‘yaKmg H$mTy>Z KoVë`mZ§Va
Ë`mda dmibobo JdV dJ¡ao KmbyZ Vm|S> ~§X H$amdo. Xw^Ë`m OZmdamg XaamoO 10 Vo 15 {H$bmo ‘yaKmg ImD$ Kmbmdm. ‘yaKmg
Am§~Q> JmoS> Mmam AgVmo. Ë`m‘wio OZmdao Vmo AmdS>rZo ImVmV. nmdgmir h§Jm‘mV OmXm Agboë`m Amoë`m d¡aUrMm ‘yaKmg
V`ma H$ê$Z VwQ>rMo H$mimV Xw^Ë`m OZmdam§Zm ImD$ Kmbmdm.
316Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2. `wamo‘mob
`w[a`m, ‘ir d JìhmMm H$m|S>m dmnê$Z Amhma emókm§Zr OZmdam§gmR>r ImÚ V`ma Ho$bo. Ë`mbm `wamo‘mob åhUVmV.
Ë`m‘Üò 4 {H$bmo `w[a`m, 12 {H$bmo ‘ir, 10 {H$bmo nmÊ`m‘Üò 100 {S>J«r Vmn‘mZmn`ªV AYm© Vmg H$T>B©V CH$iyZ Vo 16
{H$bmo JìhmÀ`m H$m|S>çmgmo~V EH$Ì H$amdo. ho {‘lU AÞKQ>H$ åhUyZ BVa ImÚ ~Z{dÊ`mg dmnaVm òVo qH$dm g‘ à‘mUmV Vo
H$S>YmÝ`mÀ`m âS>çm gmo~V OZmdam§À`m ImÚmgmR>r dmnaVm òVo.
3. MmQ>U - Ðdê$n ImÚ
`w[a`m, ‘ir, jma{‘lU, ‘rR> d OrdZgÎdo dmnê$Z OZmdam§gmR>r MmQ>U V`ma H$aVm òVo. gmYmaUV… 2.5 {bQ>a
nmÊ`m‘Üò 2.5 {H$bmo `w[a`m, 1 {H$bmo Vo 2 {H$bmo jma{‘lU `m§Mo ÐmdU H$ê$Z Vo 92 {H$bmo ‘ir qH$dm JwimMo KÅ>
ÐmdUm‘Üò {‘gimdo d Ë`mV 15 J«°‘ OrdZgÎd A d S `mMr ‘mÌm {‘gimdr. Ago V`ma Ho$bobo MmQ>U JìhmUrV R>odmdo.
XwîH$mimV OZmdam§Mo g§JmonZ
XwîH$mir n[apñWVrV Hw$nmofU Q>miyZ OZmdao Mm§Jë`màH$mao OJ{dVm `mdrV `mgmR>r Imbr C„oIboë`m Jmoï>tMm Adb§~
H$amdm. ‘hmamï>´>mV JìhmMm Am{U ^mVmMm ^wgm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV CnbãY hmoV AgVmo. VgoM JìhmMo H$mS> CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vo.
eoVH$ar `m ^wgmMm Cn`moJ Mmam åhUyZ H$aVmV. hm Mmam AË`§V {ZH¥$ï> àVrMm AgVmo. Ë`mV Am°ŠP°{bH$ AmåbmMo à‘mU
IynM AgVo. `m Mmè`m‘Üò à{WZm§Mo à‘mU AË`ën Va AgVoM na§Vw H$~©`wº$ nXmW©hr AJXr WmoS>çm à‘mUmV AgVmV.
Ë`mVyZ IynM H$‘r AÞKQ>H$ OZmdam§Zm CnbãY hmoVmV. `m àH$maMm Mmam gVV OZmdam§À`m AmhmamV am{hë`mg OZmdam§Zm
I{ZO Ðì`m§À`m d à{WZm§À`m A^mdm‘wio AmOma hmoÊ`mMm g§^d AgVmo. {deofV… øm Mmè`mÀ`m gVV godZmZo OZmdam§À`m
earamg H°$pëe`‘ d \$m°ñ\$ag `m I{ZOm§Mr H$‘VaVm {Z‘m©U hmoVo. Aem n[apñWVrV Mmè`mMm Mm§Jë`m àH$mao H$gm Cn`moJ
H$aVm òB©c ho nmhUo Amdí`H$ Amho. Aem ânya CnbãY AgUmè`m nU {ZH¥$ï> àVrÀ`m Mmè`mda H$mhr à{H«$`m Ho$ë`mZ§Va
Ë`mMr Amhmam{df`r JwUdÎmm ~è`mM ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda dmT>Vo.
{dåb à{H«$`m
àW‘ 1.2% Vrd«VoMo gmoS>r`‘ hm`S´>m°ŠgmB©S> {dåbmMo 100 {bQ>a nmÊ`mV 1.25 {H$bmo `m à‘mUmV
ÐmdU V`ma H$amdo. ho H$aVmZm 1 {H$bmo ^wgm 1 {bQ>a ÐmdUmV ~wS>dyZ KoD$Z Z§Va Mm§Jbm dmidmdm. Ë`m‘wio ^wemV
Agbobo Am°ŠP°{bH$ AmåbmMo à‘mU H$‘r hmoD$Z OZmdam§À`m earamVrb H°$b{e`‘Mr nmVir H$m`‘ amhVo.
JìhmMm ^wgm nmÊ`mV {Ô{dUo … EH$XbdJu` Mmè`m‘Üò à{WZm§Mo à‘mU IynM H$‘r Agë`mZo OZmdam§À`m nmoQ>mV
IynM H$‘r à{WZo OmVmV. Aem Mmè`mda `w[a`m d CgmÀ`m ‘irMr à{H«$`m Ho$br Va Ë`mnmgyZ Mm§Jbm gH$g Mmam OZmdam§Zm
CnbãY hmoD$ eH$Vmo. `mgmR>r 1% `w[a`m d 10% CgmMr ‘ir (‘mob°{gg) (åhUOo 1 {H$bmo `w[a`m, 10 {H$bmo CgmMr
‘ir, 100 {bQ>a nmUr) ømMo ÐmdU V`ma H$ê$Z Vo 100 {H$bmo H$moaS>çm ^wemda AWdm dmiboë`m S>m|Jar JdVmda
qenS>ë`mZo Ë`m Mmè`mMr Amhma {df`H$ JwUdÎmm dmT>Vo.
XþYmVrc ôgi
gÜ`m H¥${Ì‘ XÿY d XþYmVrc ôgir g§~§YmZo à{gÜXr ‘mÜ`‘o d gd© gm‘mÝ`m§‘Üò MMm© gwê$ Amho. ‘mÜ`‘mV Ago hr
à{gÜX Pmco Amho H$s XþYmMo CËnmXZ AMmZH$nUo KQ>co AgyZ ‘mUgo XÿY ImÊ`mg Km~aV AmhoV. `m {ñWVrcm {d{dY KQ>H$
H$maUr^yV R>aVmV.
emór` ^mfoV XÿY åhUOo Jm`, åh¡g, eoir, ‘|T>r AmXr nmird gñVZ àm§Ur, Ë`m§Mm JmÛH$mi nyU© hmoD$Z
ì`m`ë`mZ§Va 15 {Xdgm§nmgyZ nwT>o d XÿY XoÊ`mMo ~§X hmoÊ`mnydu 10 Vo 15 {Xdg AmYr OZmdamÀ`m H$mgoVyZ {‘iUmam
nm§T>aQ> ómd `mcm XÿY g‘Oco OmVo. òWo XþYmVrc amgm`{ZH$ KQ>H$ Ë`m-Ë`m àmÊ`mÀ`m pñWVrZwgma doJdoJio AgVmV.
gÜ`mÀ`m ^y{‘Ho$VyZ {dMma H$aVm ‘mUgmbm ImÊ`mgmR>r àm‘w»`mZo Jm` d åherMo XÿY dmnaco OmVo. Ë`m~m~V {dñVmamZo
MMm© hmoUo Amdí`H$ dmQ>Vo. ^maV gaH$maMm AÞ ôgi à{V~§YH$ A{Y{Z`‘ 1976 Zwgma XþYmgmR>r doJdoJir ‘mUHo$
R>a{dÊ`mV Amcr AgyZ Vr VŠVm 1 ‘Üò Z‘yX Ho$cr AmhoV. hr ‘mUHo$ amÁ` d Xþ^Vr OZmdao{Zhm` ~XcV AgVmV. òWo
\$ŠV ‘hmamï´>mg~§Yr ‘m{hVr {Xcocr Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 317

VŠVm 1. XþYmg§~§Yr R>a{dcocr ‘mUHo$
XþYmMm àH$ma d {dH«$sgmR>rMr _m{hVr Xoem§VJ©V H$‘rV H$‘r KQ>H$ (%)
Zm‘H$aU ^mJ pñZ½Y pñZ½YoVa
åherMo XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ‘hmamï´> 6.0 9.0
Jm`rMo XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ‘hmamï´> 3.5 8.5
eoir-‘|T>rMo XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ‘hmamï´> 3.5 9.0
pñH$‘ XyY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ^maV 0.5 8.7
à‘mUrV XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ^maV 4.5 8.5
Xþ½YOÝ` KQ>H$mMo XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ^maV 3.0 8.5
Q>moÝS> XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ^maV> 3.0 8.5
S>~c Q>moÝS> XÿY VmOo,nmíMamBO, CH$icoco, ñQ>arcmBO ^maV 1.5 9.0
òWo Jm` d åherMo XyY Agm Ooìhm C„oI Ho$cm OmVmo Aem doir Ë`m§Mo H$mgoVyZ {‘iUmao XyY Ano{úmV Amho. Ë`mV
H$moUVmhr H¥${Ì‘ ~Xc Zgmdm. nwT>o n«‘m{UV Xy½YOÝ` KQ>H$mnmgyZ ~Zdcoco Q>moÝS> dm S>~c Q>moÝS> XyY åhUOo$$\$º$ Xþ½YOÝ`
KQ>H$ {‘giyZ dm H$mTy>Z V`ma hmoUmao> XyY hmo`. òWo Xy½YOÝ` KQ>H$m{edm` BVa H$moUVmhr ~mø KQ>H$ {Z{fÜX AgVmo. pñH$‘
{‘ëH$ ~m~V Ë`m Ë`m n«mÊ`mÀ`m XþYmVrc $\°$Q> H$mT>cobo \°$Q>{dahrV XþY Ano{úmV Amho.
AmVm n«‘m{UV Xþ½YOÝ` KQ>H$mnmgyZ Q>moÝS>, S>~c Q>moÝS> XyY åhUOo Zo‘Ho$ H$m` ho nmhþ `m
1. n«‘m{UV XyY : `m àH$maÀ`m XþYmV {Z`‘mà‘mUo Ano{úmV \°$Q> d \°$Q> BVa KZ nXmW© n«‘m{UV Ho$co OmVmV.hoà‘mU
AZwH«$‘o 4.5 d 8.5 Q>¸o$ \°$Q> d \°$Q> BVa KZ nXmW© Agmdo. `m à{H«$ò‘Üò$R>adyZ {Xcoë`m ‘mUH$mnoúmm OmñVMo KQ>H$
H$‘r H$aÊ`mMr dm H$‘r nS>Umao KQ>H$ Ë`mV {‘giÊ`mMr gdcV Amho. ‘mÌ Ago H$aV AgVm§Zm \$º$ Xy½YOÝ` KQ>H$M dmnaUo
Amdí`H$ Amho. BVa H$moUVohr amgm`{ZH$ KQ>H$ Zìho.
2. Xþ½YOÝ` KQ>H$mnmgyZ ~Zdcoco XÿY : h`m àH$maMo XyY, XþYmnmgyZ {Z{‘©V Vyn d pñH$‘ {‘ëH$ nmdS>a {nÊ`m`mo½`
nmÊ`mV {‘giyZ V`ma Ho$co OmVo. Ago H$aVm§Zm Ë`mVrc ’°$Q> 3.0 Q>¸o$ d \°$Q> BVa Xþ½YOÝ` nXmW© 8.5 Q>¸o$ hdoV.
3. Q>moÝS> XyY : {Z`‘mZwgma Amdí`H$, 3.0 Q>¸o$ \°$Q> d 8.5 Q>¸o$ \°$Q>{dahrV KZnXmWm©Mo à‘mU amIVmZm åherÀ`m
XyYmV ~mhoê$Z nmUr d pñH$‘ {‘ëH$ nmdS>a {‘giyZ Q>moÝS> XyY V`ma Ho$co OmVo.
4. S>~c Q>moÝS> XyY : `m àH$maMo XyY Q>moÝS> XþY H$aVmZm Or àH«$s`m Ho$cr OmVo Vr VerM dmnaVmV. ‘mÌ S>~c Q>moÊS>
XþYmVrc \°$Q> d BVa KZnXmWm©Mo à‘mU AZwH«$‘o 1.5 Q>¸o$ d 9.0 Q>¸o$ Ano{úmV AgVo.darc gd© XyYmH$arVm XyY àH«$s`m H|$Ðmda
H$am`À`m gd© à{H«$`m åhUOoM hmo‘moOrZm`PoeZ, nmíMarH$aU, {MctJ, n°qH$J, dmhVyH$ AmXr à[H«$`m Zoh‘rà‘mUoM
H$am`À`m AgVmV.$$
XþYmVrc ôgi AmoiIÊ`mMr nÜXVr

XþYmV ôgi hmoVo ho gd©l¥V Amho. Ë`m ôgirVyZ Amamo½`mg YmoH$m hmoVmo ho ‘mhrV Amho. ‘J Aem ôgi`wº$ XþYm- nmgyZ
Xÿa amhUo {hVmMo R>aVo. Ë`mgmR>r ôgirMo XþY H$go AmoiImdo hm gd©gm‘mÝ`m§Mm n«íZ AgVmo. ZwgË`mM ZOaoZo,dmgmZo dm
MdrZo ôgi`wº$ XþY doJio H$aVm òV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r H$mhr amgm`{ZH$ MmMÊ`m AmhoV Ë`m H$aUo H«$‘àmá R>aVo. ‘mÌ Aem
MmMÊ`m gd©gm‘mÝ`m§À`m AmdmŠ`m~mhoaÀ`m AmhoV.Ë`mgmR>r n«`moJemioMmM AmYma ¿`mdm cmJVmo Am{U Zo‘Ho$ òWoM AmnU
H$‘r nS>Vmo. `m MmMÊ`m H$aÊ`mgmR>r ñdV§Ì `§ÌUm Amho Vr JVr‘mZ H$aUo d ôgirMo V§Ì gVV ~XcV Agë`mZo Ë`m AZwê$n
MmMÊ`m {dH${gV H$aUo hm EH$‘od BcmO hmo`. gÜ`m ApñVËdmV Agcoë`m MmMÊ`m H$moUË`m Ë`m~m~VMm Vn{eb-
1. XþYmV ~mhoarc nmUr Q>mH$coco AmoiIUo : c°ŠQ>mo{‘Q>aÀ`m ghmæ`mZo AZw^dmdê$Z XþYmV nmUr {‘gië`mMo g‘Oy eH$Vo.
‘mÌ H$m`Xoera[aË`m Ago {gÜX H$aUo AZoH$Xm eŠ` hmoV Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r \«$sOtJ nm°B©ªQ> Q>oñQ> Amho ‘mÌ Vr doi-ImD$ d
IMuH$ Amho åhUyZ$gd©gm‘mÝ`m§À`m AdmŠ`m~mhoaMo Amho.$$$
318Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

$2. S>~Š`mVrc nmUr {‘gië`mMo AmoiIUo … S>~Š`mVrc nmÊ`mV úmmamMo à‘mU ZimÀ`m nmÊ`mnoúmm A{YH$ AgVo.
Ago nmUr XþYmV {‘gië`mMo emoYyZ H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r nwT>rc à`moJ H$am.EH$m H$mMoÀ`m n[aúmm ZirV XþYmMm Z‘wZm KmcyZ
Z§Va AmoVyZ Úm. ZirÀ`m AmVrc ~mOyZo 2-3 {‘cr, 2% S>m`{\$Zoc AmåcmMo ÐmdU hiydma AmoVV Om. ZirMr
AmVrc ~mOy {Ziga a§JmMr Pmë`mg Ë`m XþYmV S>~Š`mVrc nmUr {‘gico Ago g‘Omdo.
3. XwYmV gmo>S>çmMr ôgi AmoiIUo : `mgmR>r amoP°crH$ A°grS> Q>oñQ> H$aVmV.Ë`m H$arVm XþYmMm Omo Z‘wZm Vnmgm`Mm
Agoc$$$$Ë`mVrc 5 {‘cr XþY n[aúmm ZirV ¿`mdo.Ë`mV 5 {‘cr AëH$mohmoc Q>mH$mdo d 1 Q>¸o$ úm‘VoMo amoP°crH$
A°grS>Mo AëH$mohmoc ‘Üò Ho$coco ÐmdUmMo 4-5 W|~ Q>mH$mdo. XþYmMm a§J cmcga-Jwcm~r Pmcm Va, Aem XþYm§V
h‘Img gmoS>m {‘gicm Amho Agm {ZîH$f© {ZKVmo.
4. XþYmV hm`S>´>moOZ n°am°ŠgmB©S> {‘gicoco AmoiIUo: Á`m XþYmV hm`S>´>moOZ n°am°ŠgmBS> {‘gico Amho Aer e§H$m
Amho Ago 5 {‘cr XþY H$mMoÀ`m n[aúmm ZirV ¿`mdo. 2 Q>¸o$ n°am°{\${ZcrZ S>m` A‘mBZ ÐmdUmMo 5 W|~ XþYmV Q>mHy$Z
hcdmdo. {‘lUmg {Zim a§J Amë`mg XþYmV hm`S²>moOZ n°am°ŠgmB©S> {‘gicoco Amho Ago g‘Omdo.
5. XþYmV \°$ma‘°crZ {‘gië`mMo AmoiIUo : H$mMoÀ`m n[aúmm ZirV 20 {‘cr XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m.n[aúmm ZirÀ`m
~mOyZo hiydmanUo 5 {‘cr gëâæmw[aH$ Amåc gmoS>m. ZirVrc {‘lU hcdy ZH$m. ZirÀ`m ~wS>mer {Ziga qH$dm
ìhm`c|Q> a§JmMr H$S>m AmT>ië`mg, XþYmV \°$ma‘°crZ {‘gico Ago g‘Omdo.
6. XþYmV gmIaoMr ôgi AmoiIUo : `mgmR>r 10 {‘cr XþYmMm Z‘wZm n[aúmm ZirV ¿`m. Ë`mV 5 {‘cr g§n¥º$
hm`S>´>moŠcmo{aH$ Amåc Q>mH$mdo.$VgoM 0.1 J«°‘ {ag°ma{g{Zc nmdS>a Q>mHy$Z Mm§Jco hcdyZ Zir Ja‘ nmÊ`mV R>odm.
{‘lUmcm Vm§~yg a§J Amë`mg Aem XþYmV gmIa Amho Ago g‘Omdo.
7. XwYmVrc ñQ>mM© / ‘¡ÚmMr ôgi AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 3 {‘cr EdT>m XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m.Ë`mV 2-3 W|~ 1
Q>¸$m Am`moS>rZMo ÐmdU {‘gim. {‘lU H$mo‘Q> nmÊ`mV R>odm. {‘lUmcm {Zim a§J Amë`mg Ë`m XþYmV ñQ>mM© / ‘¡Xm
{‘gicm Amho Ago g‘Omdo.
8. XþYmVrc ½cwH$moOMr ôgi AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 3 {‘cr XþY ¿`m. Ë`mV ~m°a\$moS>©Mo 3 {‘cr ÐmdU {‘gim.
n{aúmm Zir CH$iË`m nmÊ`mV 3 {‘{ZQ>o R>odm. hiydmanUo ZimÀ`m dmhË`m nmÊ`mZo 3 {‘{ZQ>mn`ªV W§S> H$am. Z§Va Ë`mV$1
{‘cr \°$mñ\$mo‘mocr~S>rH$ Amåc Q>mH$m. {‘lUmcm {Zim a§J Amë`mg, XþYmV ½cwH$moO {‘gicoco Amho Ago g‘Omdo.
9. XþYmVrc `w[a`mMr ôgi AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 5 {‘cr XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m. Ë`mV 5 {‘cr, 16 Q>¸o$ n°am°S>m` {‘WmBc
A{‘Zmo~oZc-S>rhmBS> ÐmdU {‘gim. {‘lUmcm JS>X {ndim a§J Amë`mg, XþYmV `w[a`mMr ôgi Agë`mMo g‘Omdo.
qH$dm
n[aúmm ZirV 5 {‘cr XþY KoCZ Ë`mV 1 {‘cr 2 Q>¸o$ gmoS>r`‘ hm`S>´>m°ŠgmBS> ÐmdU Q>mH$m. {\$ëQ>a nonaZo JmiyZ ¿`m.
Ë`mnoH$s 1 {‘cr ÐmdUmV 0.5 {‘cr 5 Q>¸o$ {\$Zoc Q>mH$m. {Zim AWdm {Ziga {hadQ> a§J Amë`mg XþYmV `w[a`m
Agë`mMo g‘Omdo. hm a§J 12 Vmgmn`ªV {Q>H$Vmo.
qH dm
n[aúmm ZirV 5 {‘cr XþY KoD$Z Ë`mV `w[a`mMo 0.2 {‘cr (20 {‘J«° /{‘cr) ÐmdU Q>mHy$Z hcdm. nwT>o 0.1 {‘cr,
~«mo‘moWm`‘c ãcy 0.5 Q>¸o$ ÐmdU Q>mH$m. {‘lUmcm {Zim a§J Amë`mg XþYmV `w[a`m Agë`mMo g‘Omdo.$
10. XþYmVrc A‘mo{Z`‘ gë\$oQ>Mr ôgi AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 5 {‘cr XþY ¿`m. Ë`mV 1 {‘cr gmo{S>`‘
hm`S>´m°ŠgmBS>Mo ( 1 Q>¸o$ ) ÐmdU Q>mH$m.nwT>o 0.5 {‘cr 5 Q>¸o$ {\$Zoc ÐmdU Q>mH$m.20 goH§$X Ja‘ H$am. {‘lUmcm {Zim
a§J Amë`mg XþYmV gë\o$Q>Mr ôgi Agë`mMo {ZîH$f© {ZKVmV>.
11. XþYmVrc ‘rR>mMr ôgi AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 1 {‘cr EdT>m XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m. Ë`mV 0.8 Q>¸o$ {gëda Zm`Q>´>oQ>
5 {‘cr d 1 Q>¸o$ nmoQ>°{e`‘ H«$mo‘oQ> ÐmdUmMo 2-3 W|~ Q>mH$m. {‘lU {ndio Pmco Va XþYmV ‘rR> {‘gië`mMo AmT>iVo.
12. XþYmV gm~UmMm Mwam${‘gië`mMo AmoiIUo : n[aúmm ZirV 10 {‘cr XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m. Ë`mV 10 {‘cr Ja‘
nmUr Q>mHy$Z hcdm. nwT>o Ë`mV 1-2 W|~ \°$Zm°ënWocrZMo ÐmdU Q>mHy$Z hcdm. {‘lUmcm Jwcm~r$a§J Amë`mg Ë`m XþYmV
gm~UmMm Mwam {‘gië`mMo {gÜX hmoVo.
13. XþYmV {‘gicocr {S>Q>OªQ> AmoiIUo … narjm ZirV 5 [‘cr EdT>m XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m. Ë`mV 0.1 {‘cr ~«mo‘moH«$sgm°c
nn©c ÐmdU (0.5 %) Q>mH$m. XþYmÀ`m ÐmdUmcm ìhm`coQ> a§J Amë`mg Ë`m XþYmV {S>Q>OªQ> {‘gië`mMo {ZXe©H$ Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 319
14. XþYmV pñH$‘ {‘ëH$ nmdS>a {‘gië`mMo AmoiIUo … narjm ZirV WmoS>m XþYmMm Z‘wZm ¿`m. Ë`mV Vrd« Zm`{Q´>H$
Amåc Q>mH$m. {‘lUmcm Am°a|O a§J Amë`mg Ë`m XþYmV pñH$‘ {‘ëH$ nmdS>a {‘gicr Amho ho {gÜX hmoVo. {ndim a§J
Amë`mg nmdS>a {‘gicr Zgë`mMo g‘Omdo.
15. XþYmV dZñnVr Vyn {‘gië`mMo AmoiIUo … ho AmoiIÊ`mgmR>r Á`m à`moJemioV J°g {c¹$sS> H«$mo‘°Q>moJ«m\$sÀ`m
gmo`r CncãY AmhoV Aem à`moJ emioMr ‘XV ¿`m. Aem àH$mao Ogo-Ogo eŠ` hmoB©c Vgo XþYmVrc ôgi AmoiIUo
eŠ` Amho. BÀNw>H$m§Zr Ver XjVm ¿`mdr. Ë`mM~amo~a AË`§V àmW{‘H$ ñdê$nmV Zoh‘rÀ`m dmg, Md, AmåcVm
`mH$arVm XþY pñdH¥$Vr H|$Ðmda Aën MmMÊ`m KoVm òVmV Ë`mcm ßc°Q>\$m‘© MmMÊ`m g§~moYco OmVo. `mVyZ EH$M g§Xoe
XoÊ`mV òVmo H$s, Zoh‘rMo XþY CËnmXH$, g§H$cH$, XÿY à{H«$`m H|$Ð, {dVaH$ A§{V‘V… J«mhH$m§Zm Xj amhÿZ XþY Y§ÚmV
~moH$micoë`m A{Zð> àd¥Îmrcm cJm‘ Kmcmdm. Ë`mZoM gdmªMo Amamo½` {R>H$ amhrc. ôgi H$aUmè`m KmVH$ ‘Zmod¥Îmr Á`m
ñdV…À`m Am{W©H$ cm^mgmR>r g‘mO ñdmñW {~KS>dV AmhoV Ë`m§Zm IS>çmgmaIo Zo‘Ho$ doMyZ H$m`ÚmÀ`m hdmcr H$amdo.
eoir
‘hmamï>´>mV 10.7 Xebj eoù`m AmhoV. ^maVm‘Üò ‘hmamï>´>mMm eoù`m§À`m g§»òV nmMdm H«$‘m§H$ bmJVmo d 15 bmI
Hw$Qw§>~o eoirnmbZ H$aVmV. XyY, ‘m§g, bmoH$a, H$mVS>r d IV `m ‘hËdmÀ`m Jmoï>r eoirnmgyZ {‘iVmV. eoir doJdoJù`m
hdm‘mZmV OJy eH$Vo. {VÀ`m ImÚmMm d BVa JaOm§Mm {dMma Ho$ë`mg Vr WmoS>çm IMm©V ânya CËnmXZ XoD$ eH$Vo.
eoù`m§À`m OmVr
{d{dY a§JmÀ`m d AmH$mamÀ`m eoù`m ‘hmamï>´>mVrb {Za{Zamù`m ^mJmV AmT>iVmV. ‘hmamï>´>mV àm‘w»`mZo Cñ‘mZm~mXr
d g§J‘Zoar `m OmVrÀ`m eoù`m AmhoV. ^maVm‘Üò àm‘w»`mZo ~rQ>b, O‘wZmnar, ~ma~oar, H$ÀN>r, gwaVr B. eoù`m XwYmgmR>r
nmië`m OmVmV. `m OmVtnmgyZ àËòH$ {Xder gamgar EH$ Vo XmoZ {bQ>a XyY {‘iy eH$Vo. W§S> hdm‘mZmV eoù`m§À`m {d{eï>
OmVrnmgyZ npí‘Zm d ‘mohoa ZmdmMr CÎm‘ àH$maMr bmoH$a {‘iy eH$Vo.
Cñ‘mZm~mXr eoir … `m OmVrÀ`m eoù`m Cñ‘mZm~mX, bmVya, ~rS>, naÛr, gmobmnya, Am¡a§Jm~mX d Ah‘XZJa {OëømV
‘moR>çm à‘mUmV AmT>iVmV. H$moaS>çm hdm‘mZmV Ë`m§Mr Mm§Jbr dmT> hmoV Agë`mZo Adf©UàdU joÌmV Ë`m§Mr OmonmgZm
Mm§Jë`m n«H$mao hmoVo. Cñ‘mZm~mXr OmVrÀ`m eoù`m a§JmZo nyU© H$mù`m AgyZ eoù`m§Zm H$mZmda nm§T>ao {R>nHo$ [H§$dm nmoQ>mÀ`m
Imbrb ^mJmda Vn{H$ar nÅ>m AmT>iVmo. eoù`m§Zm nmR>r‘mJo ~mH$XmanUo diUmar qH$dm BVa AmH$mamVrb qeJo AmT>iVmV
VgoM H$mhr à‘mUmV {~ZqeJmÀ`m eoù`mhr AgVmV. gd©gmYmaU eoù`m§‘Üò Owir H$aS>o XoÊ`mMo à‘mU 60 Vo 50 Q>¸o$
AmT>iVo. na§Vw OmñV à‘mUmV Owir H$aS>o {‘iÊ`mgmR>r {ZdS> nÕVrMm Cn`moJ Ho$ë`mg 70 Vo 75 Q>¸o$ eoù`m Owir H$aS>o XoD$
eH$VmV. Xhm Q>¸o$ eoù`m§Zm VrZ H$aS>o Va 1-2 Q>¸o$ eoù`m§Zm VrZ nojm OmñV H$aS>o {‘iVmV. Cñ‘mZm~mXr eoirMm
gd©ojUmÛmao gdmªJrU Aä`mg ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mV nyU© Pmbm Amho. hr OmV ‘Q>UmgmR>r Mm§Jbr Amho.
g§J‘Zoar eoir … `m OmVrÀ`m eoù`m Ah‘XZJa, Zm{eH$ d nwUo `m {OëømV AmT>iVmV. g§J‘Zoar eoù`m a§JmZo
nm§T>è`m AgyZ H$mhr eoù`m nm§T>aQ> Vn{H$ar AmhoV. `m eoù`m§Zm nmR>r‘mJo ~mH$XmanUo diUmar qH$dm BVa AmH$mamVrb qeJo
AmT>iVmV. VgoM H$mhr à‘mUmV {~ZqeJmÀ`m eoù`mhr AgVmV. gd©gmYmaU eoù`m§‘Üò Owir H$aS>o XoÊ`mMo à‘mU 30 Vo
40 Q>¸o$ AmT>iVo. Om{Vd§V n¡XmgrMo ~moH$S> dmnaë`mZo Ë`m§À`m dOZ dmT>r‘Üò 5 Vo 7 Q>¸o$ gwYmaUm Pmë`mMo AmT>iyZ Ambobo
Amho. g§J‘Zoar eoirgmR>r A{Ib ^maVr` g‘ÝdrV g§J‘Zoar eoir g§emoYZ àH$ën d g§J‘Zoar eoir OVZ àH$ën ‘hmË‘m
\w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mV H$m`©aV AmhoV. hr OmV XyY d ‘m§g `m Xwhoar CÔoemZo dmnabr OmVo.
ì`dñWmnZ
CgmMo nmMQ> qH$dm JdV dmnê$Z Ho$coco N>ßna, D$Z dmè`mnmgyZ AmS>mogm hmoÊ`mBVnV 4 \w$Q>mMr q^V d Ë`m {R>H$mUr
Mmè`mgmR>r JìhmUr d nmÊ`mMm hm¡X BË`mXr gmo`r Agbobm JmoR>m eoù`m§H$[aVm CÎm‘ hmo`. àËòH$ eoirMr ~§{XñV OmJm
12-15 Mm¡. \w$Q> d ‘moH$ir OmJm 25 Mm¡. \w$Q> Agmdr. EH$ {bQ>anojm OmXm XyY XoUmè`m eoù`m§Zm à{V{XZr {hadm Mmam 3
Vo 4 {H$bmo, dmibobm Mmam 1 {H$bmo Am{U 100 Vo 200 J«°‘ IwamH$ XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. eodar, A§OZ, hmXJm, ~m^yi,
gw~m^yi, ~moa, dS>, qnni BË`mXr PmS>m§Mm nmbm d e|Jm eoirbm AmdS>VmV. eoirg Xa {Xder AnojrV 3 Vo 4 {bQ>a nmUr
{nÊ`mg bmJVo. `mo½` Amhma, nmbZ nÕVr d n¡Xmg emór`Ñï>çm H$aUo ‘hÎdmMo Amho. eoù`m§Zm JwQ>JwQ>rV d dOZXma H$aS>o
{‘iÊ`mgmR>r JmÛ H$mimVrb eodQ>Mo 6-8 AmR>dS>o OmXm IwamH$ d gH$g Mmam Úmdm.
320Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H$aS>m§Mr OmonmgZm
eoirnmgyZ {ZamoJr H$aS>o OÝ‘Ý`mgmR>r eodQ>À`m JmÛ H$mimV {VMr {deof H$miOr KoUo OéarMo AgVo. H$aS>o
OÝ‘ë`mZ§Va Zmi H$mnUo, Z»`m H$mnUo d 1 VmgmÀ`m AmV n{hbo XyY (MrH$) nmOUo ‘>hÎdmMo AgVo. H$aS>mbm n{hë`m
AmR>dS>çmV dOZmÀ`m 10% XyYmMr JaO AgVo. H$aS>o OÝ‘mZ§Va nwaogo XyY Zgë`mg H$aS>m§g Xwgè`m eoirMo XyY nmOmdo.EH$
‘{hÝ`mZ§Va Vr Mmam ImD$ bmJVmV, AS>rM ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va XwYmMo à‘mU H$‘r H$‘r H$aV OmD$Z 3 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va XyY nmOÊ`mMo
Wm§~dmdo. XyY nmOUo ~§X Ho$ë`mda Ë`m§À`m Mmam nmÊ`mMr {deof H$miOr KoUo OéarMo Amho.
eoù`m§Mo amoJ
eoù`m§À`m nwîH$iem AmOmam§Mr bjUo hr gmaIrM {XgVmV. ~è`mM doim AmOmam§Mo `mo½` {ZXmZ hmoÊ`mAJmoXa eoù`m
XJmdVmV d BVa OdinmgMr OZmdao g§gJm©Zo AmOmar nS>VmV. Ë`mgmR>r eoù`m§Zm amoJ Pmë`mda Vmo ~am H$aÊ`mnojm Vmo hmoD$ Z
XoUo A{YH$ Mm§Jbo åhUyZ eoù`m§Zm R>aë`mdoir amoJà{V~§YH$ bg d O§VZmeH$ Am¡fYo ÚmdrV. VgoM eoù`m§Zm JmoMrS> d
{ngdm `mnmgyZ Ìmg hmoD$ Zò åhUyZ S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ ho agm`Z Agbobo (CXm. ã`wQ>m°Šg) ÐmdU JmoR>çmV d eoù`m§À`m A§Jmda
\$dmamdo.
amoJà{V~§YH$ bg Q>moMÊ`mMo {Z`moOZ

amoJmMo Zmd ‘{hZm
’w$â’w$gm§Mm Xmh {S>g|~a - OmZodmar
~wiH$m§S>r E{àb
KQ>gn© {S>g|~a - ‘o (Xwgam AmR>dS>m)
Am§Ì{dfma _o - Ë`mZ§Va 6 _{hÝ`m§Zr
\$è`m, bmi-IwaHw$V, nrnrAma `m amoJm§Mm àmXw^m©d Q>miÊ`mgmR>r `m amoJm§Mr bg Q>moMyZ KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. eoù`m§À`m
‘moR>çm H$inm§gmR>r Xadfu j`, OmoÝg B. amoJm§Mo d J^©nmVmMo narjU H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo Am{U Á`m eoù`m g§gJ©OÝ`
AgVrb Ë`m§Zm H$inmVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$mdo.
O§VZmeH$ dm{f©H$ H$m`©H«$‘
O§VmMm àH$ma O§VZmeH mMo Zmd$ ‘{hZm
Q>ond‘© ({’$VrgmaIo) Am°pŠgŠbmoPmZmB©Q> d pëdhm{‘gm°b OmZodmar d OyZ
ñQ´>±JmB©b (JmobH¥$‘r) ’o$Z~oÝS>mPmob ‘mM© d Owb¡
{bìha âë`yH$ (MnQ>o H¥$‘r) ’o$Z~oÝS>mPmob ‘o d Am°ŠQ>mo~a
gd©gmYmaUnUo F$Vw ~XbVmZm O§V {Z_w©bZ H$amdo. dfm©VwZ {H$_mZ VrZ doim O§V {Z_w©bZ H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 321

‘|T>r
‘hmamï>´>mMm ~amM ‘moR>m àXoe {deofV… Zm{eH$, Ah‘XZJa, gmobmnya, gmVmam, gm§Jbr, nwUo d Ywio ho {Oëho ‘|T>r
nmiÊ`mg Cn`wº$ AmhoV. ‘hmamï>´>mV gw‘mao 30.94 bmI ‘|T>çm AmhoV. X…IZr ‘|T>çm‘Üò {Za{Zamio dmU {XgyZ Ambobo
AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s g§J‘Zoar ‘|T>çm BVa ‘|T>çmnojm (H$moH$am§Mr dmT>, bmoH$a d ‘Q>UmMo CËnmXZ `m Ñï>rZo) gag {XgyZ Amboë`m
AmhoV d Ë`mnmgyZ {ZdS> nÕVrZo gwYm[aV dmU {dH${gV H$aÊ`mMo H$m‘ gwê$ Amho. `m gwYm[aV dmUmnmgyZ n¡Xmg Pmbobo Za
ho ‘|T>nmim§Zm ‘|T>çmMo CËnmXZ dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r XoÊ`mV òV AmhoV. emór` Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ ‘|T>r nmbZmgmR>r Imbrb ‘hÎdmÀ`m
~m~tH$S>o bj Úmdo.
1) ‘|T>r {dÊ`mnydu d {dë`mda à‘mUera ImÚ, ânya Mmam Úmdm d ‘|T>rMr CÎm‘ {ZJm amImdr.
2) nmoQ>mV hmoUmè`m O§VmnmgyZ ‘|T>rMo g§ajU H$amdo.
3) ‘|T>çmÀ`m H$inmnmgyZ A{YH$ CËnmXZ {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r geº$ ‘|T>çm§Mr d ZamMr {ZdS> H$amdr.
4) ‘|T>çm§nmgyZ Za VwQ>H$ R>odë`mg ZamMr àOZZ d CËnmXZ j‘Vm dmT>Vo VgoM Vmo ‘|T>çm§Zm Ìmg XoV Zmhr.
5) 18 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va geº$ Za 25 Vo 30 ‘|T>çm â{dÊ`mgmR>r dmnaVm òVmo.
6) n¡XmerMo Za Xa XmoZ dfmªZr ~XbUo Amdí`H$ Amho. ‘|T>r â{dë`mZ§Va {dÊ`mg 145 Vo 147 {Xdg bmJVmV. ‘|T>çm
OyZ- Owb¡-Am°JñQ> ‘Üò ‘mOmda òVmV. ‘|T>r JmÛ hmoB©n`ªV àËòH$ 16 Vo 17 {Xdgm§Zr ‘mOmda òVo. `m H$mimV
‘|T>rbm ânya ImÚ {Xë`mg ‘|T>r ‘moR>çm AmH$mamÀ`m d OmñV dOZmÀ`m H$moH$am§Zm OÝ‘ XoVo. Amnë`mH$S>rb MamD$ amZo
{ZH¥$ï> XOm©Mr Agë`m‘wio, Mê$Z Amboë`m ‘|T>çm§Zm Ë`m§À`m emar[aH$ dmT>rgmR>r nwT>rbà‘mUo ImÚ d d¡aU XoUo
\$m`ÚmMo R>aob.
d` d¡aU (H$moaS>r) XaamoO (àËòH$s) IwamH$ XaamoO (àËòH$s)
3 Vo 6 ‘{hZo 300 J«°‘ 150 J«°‘
6 Vo 12 ‘{hZo 500 J«°‘ Vo 1 {H$bmo 250 J«°‘
`m ì¶dgm¶mVrc Z\$mVmoQ>m hm H¥$‘r, O§V d amoJ `mdarb VmËH$mi Cnm` `mdaM Adb§~yZ Amho. Amnë`m hdm‘mZmV,
nmdgmù`mV nmoQ>mVrb O§VmMm \$ma CnÐd AgVmo åhUyZ nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwadmVrcm `mo½` Am¡fY Úmdo. Va VrZ ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
‘|T>çm§Zm O§Vm§Mm àmXw^m©d Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Am¡fYo Úmdr. ‘|T>çm§Mr bmoH$a H$mVaë`mda nwT>rb ‘>hÎdmMo H$m‘ åhUOo ‘|T>rÀ`m
A§Jmdarb Cdm, JmoMrS> BË`mXr ‘maÊ`mgmR>r ‘|T>çm§Zm H$sQ>H$ZmeHo$ Agboë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m hm¡XmV YwdyZ H$mT>Uo. JmoMrS>m§gmR>r
‘|T>rÀ`m bmoH$a H$mVaboë`m ^mJmda S>oëQ>m‘oW«rZ (ã`wQ>m°Šg) Am¡fY \$dmamdo. VgoM ‘|T>çm§Zm Imbrb à‘mUo bgrH$aU H$amdo.
1) Am§Ì{dfma - nmdgmù`mÀ`m gwadmVrcm ‘o - OyZ d Ë`mZ§Va 6 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
2) KQ>gn© - ‘o - OyZ Ë`mZ§Va 6 ‘{hÝ`m§Zr
3) Xodr - CÝhmù`mÀ`m gwadmVrg ‘mM© - E{àb
4) bmi IwaHy$V - Am°ŠQ>m|~a d ‘o ‘{hÝ`m‘Üò bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr
5) nr. nr. Ama. - VrZ dfm©VyZ EH$Xm
nmdgmù`mV ‘|T>rÀ`m Iwam‘Üò {MIë`m hmoVmV. Voìhm ‘{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm H$m°nagë\o$Q> qH$dm \$m°a‘°pëS>mhmB©S> ÐmdU
Agboë`m CWi hm¡XmVyZ ‘|T>çm g§nyU© Iya ~wS>Vrb Aem gmoS>mì`mV. A§Jmdarb bmoH$a ‘{eZZo H$mT>ë`mg bmoH$a CËnmXZmV
dmT> hmoVo. Aer bmoH$a gbJ Amë`mZo ~mOma^mdhr Mm§Jbm {‘iVmo, H$maU `m nÕVrV VwH$S>o nSy>Z bmoH$a dm`m OmV Zmhr.
àËòH$ dfu H$inmVrb {Zén`moJr ‘|T>çm {dH$mì`mV.
‘mS>½`mi ‘|T>r
gm§Jbr {OëømVrc OV VmbwŠ`mV ‘mS>½`mi `m JmdMo g^modVmcr {gÕZmW, H$dR>o‘h§H$mi, am§OUr `m ^mJmV
‘mS>½`mi ‘|T>çm AmT>iyZ òVmV. ‘mS>½`mi `m Jmdmdê$ZM `m ‘|T>çmZ§m ho Zmd àmá Pmbo Amho. X»IZr ‘|T>çmnojm C§M,
bm§~, ~mH$Xma ZmH$, bm§~ ‘mZ, a§JmZo nm§T>è`m d A§Jmda Vn{H$ar MÅ>o AgUmè`m `m ‘|T>çmMr earadmT> Mm§Jcr AgyZ ~aoMgo
‘|T>nmi `m OmVrÀ`m ZamMm dmna Amnë`m H$inmV n¡XmergmR>r H$aV AmhoV. `m ‘|T>rÀ`m H$moH$amMo OÝ‘V… dOZ 3 Vo 3.5
{H$bmo AgyZ VrZ ‘{hZo d`mMo doiMo dOZ 18 Vo 22 {H$bmo d ghm ‘{hZo d`mMo doiMo dOZ 25 Vo 30 {H$bmo Amho. nyU©
322Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

dmT> Pmboë`m ‘|T>rMo dOZ 45 Vo 50 {H$bmo EdT>o Amho. VrZ ‘{hZo d`mn`ªV `m ‘|T>rMo dOZ dmT>rMm Xa 175 Vo 240 J«°‘
à{V {XZ EdT>m Amho. `m ‘o§T>çm§À`m A§Jmda bmoH$a AË`§V H$‘r AgyZ Ë`m§Mr bmoH$a H$mVaUr \$º$ EH$XmM H$aVmV.
eoù`m d ‘|T>çm§gmR>r PmS>nmbm CÎm‘ ImÚ
PmS>nmbm d MdXma ImÚ nM{dÊ`mMr j‘Vm eoù`m§‘Üò ‘|T>çm§nojm OmñV Amho. Im„oë`m ImÚmÀ`m 70 Q>¸o$ Mmam hm
PmS>nmë`mMm AgVmo Ago {XgyZ Ambobo Amho. PmS>nmbm d PmS>mÀ`m {MH$mVrb e|Jm XmoZ àH$mao gmR>dVmV.
1) PmS>nmë`mMm ‘yaKmg V`ma H$aUo. 2) \w$bmoè`mV Ambobm PmS>nmbm d {MH$mV Amboë`m e|Jm S>hmiyZ gmdbrV dmidUo.
Aem àH$mao gmR>dbobm PmS>nmbm d PmS>m§À`m e|Jm, Mmam d IwamH$ åhUyZ Q>§MmB©À`m H$mimV dmnaVm òVmo.
gmR>dcoë`m PmS>nmë`mMm d e|JmMm Cn`moJ
eoù`m d ‘|T>çm§À`m {XdgâmVrb ImÚmV dmidboë`m PmS>nmë`mMm d e|JmMm Cn`moJ 50 Q>ŠŠ`mn`ªV H$aVm òVmo.
âS>bobr ‘H$m d Vya qH$dm ha~am ^wgm dmnê$Z ImÚ {‘lU V`ma H$ê$Z KmVë`mg dmT>Ë`m H$aS>m§Mr /H$moH$am§Mr emar[aH$
dmT> CÎm‘ àH$mao hmoVo, Ago à`moJmA§Vr {XgyZ Ambo Amho.
PmS>nmë`mVrb Anm`H$maH$ nXmW© - gw~m^wim‘Üò ‘m`‘mogrZ d BVa gd© PmS>nmë`m‘Üò Q°>{ZZ ho Anm`H$maH$ nXmW©
AmhoV. à‘mUmnojm OmñV PmS>nmbm ImD$ KmVë`mg OZmdam§À`m earamV Anm`H$maH$ nXmWmªMo à‘mU dmT>Vo. gw~mîrMm
nmbm OmñV ImD$ KmVë`mg OZmdam§À`m A§Jmdarc Ho$g JiyZ nS>VmV, OZmdam§Mr dmT> Iw§Q>Vo, OZmdao amoOMm Mmam d IwamH$
ImV ZmhrV, BË`mXr Anm`H$maH$ n[aUm‘ {XgyZ òVmV. {XdgâmV ImD$ KmVboë`m Mmè`mV gw~mîrÀ`m Mmè`mMo à‘mU
1/3 nojm H$‘r R>odë`mg H$moUVmhr Anm` hmoV Zmhr.
Hw$¸w$Q>nmbZ
Hw$¸w$Q>nmbZ \$m`Xoera hmoÊ`mgmR>r Imbrb Jmoï>tMr ‘m{hVr H$ê$Z KoUo AË`§V Amdí`H$ Amho.
àH$ma dm{f©H$ gamgar A§S>r CËnmXZ
JmdR>r H$m|~S>çm 60 Vo 80
ìhmBQ> boJhm°Z© H$m|~S>çm 240 Vo 260
èhmoS> Am`b±S> aoS> 240 Vo 260
d`moJQmZwgma Hw$¸w$Q>nmbZ VrZ n«H$maMo ì`dñWmnZ Amdí`H$ Amho.
1) bhmZ {nbm§Mr {ZJm amIUo (~«wS>tJ) - EH$ {XdgmnmgyZ 6 AmR>dS>çm§n`ªV
2) eara dmT>rgmR>r ghm AmR>dS>çm§nmgyZ 20 AmR>dS>çmn`ªV
3) A§S>çmdarb H$m|~S>çm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ 21 AmR>dS>çm§À`m nwT>o
H$mo~§S>çm A§S>çmda òB©n`ªV dmT>{dUo d VoWyZ EH$ df© A§S>çmÀ`m CËnÞmMm H$mi Aem nÕVrZo H$m|~S>çm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ
H$amdo. ì`dñWmnZmÀ`m nÜXVr~amo~a H$m|~S>çm§Zm `mo½` Vo g§Vw{cV ImÚ XoUo Amdí`H$ Amho. g§Vw{bV
ImÚ, amoJà{V~§YH$ Cnm` d emómoº$ nÕVrZo ì`dñWmnZ `m VrZ gyÌm§‘wio Hw$¸w$Q>nmcZ ì`dgm`mMr dmT> Pmbobr Amho.
d`moJQ>mZwgma H$m|~S>çm§Zm Úmd`mMo ImÚ
ImÚmMm d` à{WZo pñZ½Y V§Vw‘` H°$pëe`‘ \$m°ñ\$ag
àH$ma AmR>dS>o (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
MrH$‘°e 1 Vo 8 {Xdg 22 3.4 3.3 1.2 0.6 Vo 0.7
J«moAa ‘°e 8 Vo 20 16 3.4 5.0 1.2 0.6 Vo 0.7

boAa ‘°e 21 Vo 72 18 3.4 4.5 2.5 0.6 Vo 0.7
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 323

A§S>r XoUmè`m H$m|~S>çm§gmR>r MmoMr H$mnUo d amoJ à{V~§YH$ bg Q>moMUr H$m`©H«$‘
njmMo d` à{V~§YH$ bg bg Q>moMÊ`mMr nÜXV
1 {Xdg ‘°aoŠg nm`mÀ`m ñZm`y‘Üò (C~dUr H|$Ðm_Üò)
5 Vo 7 {Xdg bmgmoQ>m (E’$.dZ) ZmH$mVyZ AWdm S>moù`mVyZ 1 W|~
7 {XdgmZ§Va MmoMr H$mnUo AmYr daMr d ImbÀ`m MmoMrMm e|S>m H$mnUo
7 Vo 14 {Xdg J§~moamo S>moù`mVyZ XoUo.
4 Wm AmR>dS>m BZ’o$ŠQ²>{gg ~«m±H$m`Q>rg S>moù`mV EH$ W|~ Q>mH$Uo
5 dm AmR>dS>m bmgmoQ>m {nÊ`mÀ`m nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo
8 dm AmR>dS>m XodrMr bg nm`mÀ`m _m§gmV
10 dm AmR>dS>m amUrIoV bg (Ama. ~r.) nm`mÀ`m _m§gmV
10 Vo 12 AmR>dS>o MmoMr H$mnUo dmT>boë`m MmoMr H$mnUo d Vmo ^mJ dmTy> XoD$ Zò
18 dm AmR>dS>m amUrIoV bg (bmgmoQ>m) nmÊ`mVyZ
gyMZm … darb à{V~§YH$ bg Q>moMë`mZ§Va 3 {Xdg pìhQ>°{‘Z {‘lU nmÊ`mVyZ AJa ImÚmVyZ Úmdo. Ë`m‘wio H$m|~S>çm§Zm
bg Q>moMÊ`mMm VmU H$‘r hmoB©b d H$m|~S>çm Zoh‘rà‘mUo amhVrb. gamgar 2 Vo 3 ‘{hÝ`mZ§Va EH$Xm O§VmMo Am¡fY nmOmdo.
H$m|~S>çm§Zm bmJUmar OmJm
d` ~gÊ`mMr OmJm nmÊ`mMr ^m§S>r R>odÊ`mMr OmJm Im>ÚmMr ^m§S>r R>odÊ`mMr OmJm
0 Vo 6 AmR>dS>o 0.50 Mm¡. \y$Q> 1/ 4 B§M 1 B§M
7 Vo 12 AmR>dS>o 1.50 Mm¡. \y$Q 1/ 2 B§M 2 B§M
12 Vo 17 AmR>dS>o 1.50 Mm¡. \y$Q 1/ 4 B§M 3 B§M
17 AmR>d>S>çm§darb 2 Mm¡. \y$Q 1 B§M 3 B§M
H$m|~S çm§Zm ImD$> Kmbmd`mÀ`m ImÚmMo à‘mU (100 njm§gmR>r)
d` (AmR>dS>o) bmJUmao ImÚ (${H$) d` (AmR>dS>o) bmJUmao ImÚ ({H$)
1 7 10 52
2 13 11 55
3 19 12 57
4 26 13 59
5 32 14 63
6 40 15 65
7 45 16 67
8 48 20 75 Vo 77
9 50
H$m|~S>çm§Mo d`, dOZ Am{U A§S>r XoÊ`mMo à‘mU ({dXoer)
EH$m njmMo EH$m dfm©Mo A§S>r CËnmXZ 240 Vo 260
12 A§S>çmMo CËnmXZmgmR>r bmJUmao ImÚ 1.30 Vo 1.50 {H$bmo
20 AmR>dS>çm§À`m H$m|~S>rMo dOZ 1.10 Vo 1.30 {H$bmo
72 AmR>dS>çm§À`m H$m|~S>rMo dOZ 1.80 Vo 2.00 {H$bmo
n{hbo A§S>o {‘iÊ`mÀ`m doir H$m|~S>rMo d` 140 {Xdg
50 Q>¸o$ A§S>r CËnÞmÀ`m doir H$m|~S>rMo d` 175 Vo 210 {Xdg
OmñVrV OmñV A§S>r CËnmXZmÀ`m doir H$m|~S>rMo d` 280 {Xdg
324Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

‘m§gb H$m|~S>çm (~«m°`ba)
{n„o OÝ‘ë`mnmgyZ {XS> _{hÝ`mn`ªV dmT>dyZ Ë`m§Mm ‘Q>UmgmR>r Cn`moJ H$amdm. `m H$m|~S>çm Omo‘mZo dmT>VmV H$maU Ë`m
OodT>o ImVrb Ë`m à‘mUmV ImÚmMo ê$nm§Va ‘m§gm‘Üò Ho$bo OmVo. Aem H$m|~S>çm§Mo dOZ {XS> _{hÝ`mV 1300 Vo 1600 J«°.
hmoVo. ‘m§gc H$m|~S>çm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r XmoZ n«H$maMo ImÚ (‘°e) dmnabo OmVo.
1) ~«m°`ba ñQ>mQ>©a - 1 Vo 21 {Xdgm§n`ªV 1 {H$bmo
2) ~«m°`ba {\${Zea - 22 Vo 45 {Xdgm§n`ªV 2.5 Vo 3 {H$bmo
‘m§gb H$m|~S>çmgmR>r bg Q>moMÊ`mMm H$m`©H«$‘
njmMo d` amoJ bg Q>moMÊ`mMr nÕV
1 {Xdg ‘°aoŠg nm`mÀ`m ñZm`y‘Üò XoUo
5 Vo 7 {Xdg bmgmoQ>m ZmH$mVyZ W|~ Q>mH$Uo
12 Vo 14 {Xdg J§~moamo S>moù`mV W|~ Q>mH$Uo
4 Wm AmR>dS>m bmgmoQ>m nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo>
H$mo§~S>çm§Mo ‘>hÎdmMo amoJ Am{U CnMma

A) {OdmUy§nmgyZ
1) H$m°bam … njr AMmZH$ ‘aUo, {hadQ> nmVi {dð>m, Vmn òUo BË`mXr
CnMma - gb‘oQ>gmaIr Am¡fYo ImÚmVyZ d nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo.
2) nm§T>ar hJdU … bhmZ {nbm§Mm amoJ, nm§T>ar {dð>m hmoUo, nmoQ> XwIUo
CnMma - ZoâQ>rZgmaIr Am¡fYo ImÚmVyZ d nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo
3) {Zim Vwam … ‘moR>çm njm§Zm hmoVmo. Vmn òUo, Vwam {Zim nS>Uo B.
CnMma - hmoñQ>mgmB©ŠbrZ qH$dm ñQ>oH$brZ nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo.
~) {dfmU§ynmgyZ
1) amUrIoV (‘mZ‘moS>r) … ‘mZ dmH$S>r hmoUo. ídmgmg Ìmg hmoUo B.
à{V~§Y - CnMma Zmhr, \$º$ darb VŠË`mV {Xë`mà‘mUo à{V~§YmË_H$ bmgmoQ>m bg nmÊ¶mVyZ XoUo.
2) Xodr … Ho$g Zgboë`m ^mJmda \$moS> CRy>Z Inë`m YaUo, Vmn òUo
à{V~§Y - XodrMr bg {Z`{‘V Q>moMUo
3) J§~moamo … njm‘Üò à{VH$maeº$s {Z‘m©U H$aUmè`m Ad`dmda `m amoJmMm n[aUm‘ hmoVmo Am{U Ë`m‘wio njmMr à{VH$maH$
eº$s Zï> hmoVo d Vo ghO BVa amoJm§Zm ~ir nS>VmV.
à{V~§Y - {ZamoJr njm§Zm `mMr bg Q>moMyZ ¿`mdr
4) ‘°aoŠg … 1 Vo 15 {Xdgm§À`m {nbm§Zm hm amoJ hmoVmo. {n„o nm§Jir hmoVmV d Aeº$ hmoD$Z ‘aVmV.
à{V~§Y - EH$ {XdgmÀ`m {n„m§Zm `m amoJmMr bg nm`mÀ`m ñZm`y‘Üò Q>moMmdr.
H$) EH$noer` O§VynmgyZ (A{‘~m)
1) H$m°Šgr{S>Amogrg (aº$s hJdU) 1 Vo 6 AmR>dS>çm§Mo njm§Zm OmñV hmoVmo. aº$mgmaIr bmbga hJdU hmoVo.
CnMma - H$m°ŠgrS>rAmoñQ>°Q> ImÚmVyZ / nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo.
S>) A§VJ©V O§V
1) nmoQ>mVrb Jmob d MnQ>o O§V B. njmMr ^yH$ ‘§XmdVo, Aeº$ hmoUo.
CnMma - àËòH$ 3 ‘{hÝ`mVyZ EH$Xm O§VZmeH$ Am¡fYo nmÊ`mVyZ XoUo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 325

JmoS>`m nmÊ`mVrb _ËñèoVr V§ÌkmZ
Amnë`m n¥ÏdrÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmMm gw_mao 71% ^mJ nmÊ`mZo ì`mnbobm AgwZ \$ŠV 29% ^mJ O_rZ Amho. _mUwg
O[_Zrda amhV Agë`m_wio Ë`mbm O[_ZrdaMo CËnÞ {_i{dÊ`mMo OmñV AmH$f©U dmQ>Uo gmhm[OH$M Amho. na§Vw O[_ZrÀ`m
XwßnQ>rnojm OmñV Agboë`m nmÊ`mÀ`m {dñVmamH$S>o gwÜXm _mgo hm _hËdmMm AÞ KQ>H$ {_i{dUo dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»òMm {dñVma
d AÞmMr JaO bjmV KoVm _hËdmMo Amho. Aem nmÊ`mVyZ gOrd nXmW© {_i{dÊ`mÀ`m ì`dgm`mg _Ëñ`ì`dgm` åhUVmV.
g_wÐ, ZX`m, gamodao, Vbmd, H¥${Ì_ Vbmd, Vir `m§gma»`m nmÊ`mÀ`m ñÌmoVm§_Üò {ZgJ©V…M _mgo AgVmV. `m gmR>`m§_YyZ
CnbãY gmYZgm_wJ«rMm dmna H$éZ nydu nma§nmarH$ nÜXVrZo _mgo_mar Ho$br OmV Ago. na§Vw, `m nmUr gmR>`m§_Üò Agbobo
_mem§À`m OmVr, g§»`m `mda _mUgm§Mo Hw$R>ë`mhr àH$maMo {Z`§ÌU Zgm`Mo. EH$ àH$mao hr _mgo_mar åhUOo {eH$marMmM àH$ma
Agm`Mm. {Xdg|{Xdg dmT>Ë`m bmoH$g§»òMr dmT>Vr AÞmMr JaO ^mJ{dÊ`mH$arVm, _mem§À`m Z¡g[J©H$ gmR>`m§da Adb§~wZ
Z amhVm, nm[hOo Ë`m `mo½` OmVrÀ`m _mem§Mr dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r {Z`moOZnwd©H$ à`ËZ H$aUo JaOoMo R>aVo. Á`mà_mUo _mZdmZo
O[_Zrda Z¡g[J©H$[aË`m dZñnVtda AÞmgmR>r Adb§~wZ Z amhVm, `mo½` dZñnVtMr OmUrdnwd©H$ OmonmgZm d Ë`mVwZM
eoVremñÌmMm CX` Pmbm, Ë`mMà_mUo `mo½` OmVtÀ`m _mem§Mr nÜXVera OmonmgZm H$aÊ`mÀ`m nÜXVrbm _ËñèoVr åhUVmV.
_ËñèoVrgmR>r AË`§V Amdí`H$ AgVo Vr `mo½` OmVrÀ`m _mem§À`m ~rOmMr CnbãYVm d VbmdmV gmoS>ë`mda Ë`m§Zm
OmonmgÊ`mMo emñÌmoŠV V§ÌkmZ. _Ëñ` eoVrMo CËnmXZ nmÊ`mMo joÌ (nmÊ`mMm ngmam) d nmÊ`mMr Imobr XmoÝhr§Mm ~m~tMm
{dMma H$éZ Ho$ë`mg A{YH$ CËnmXZ {_iVo.
VbmdmV _mem§Zm Cn`moJr doJdoJi`m àH$maMo AÞ Z¡g{J©H$[aË`m V`ma hmoVo. na§Vw, àËòH$ _memÀ`m earamMr R>odU,
Vm§oS>mMm AmH$ma, O~S>m, H$ëbo B. Am{U Ë`m§Mr amhÊ`mMr gd` Ogo nmÊ`mMm n¥îR>^mJ, _Ü`^mJ, Vi `m_wio {d{eîQ>
OmVrMm _mgm {d{eîQ> àH$maMo Z¡g[J©H$ AÞmMm dmna H$é eH$Vmo. Ë`m_wio _mem§À`m amhÊ`mMr OmJm d ImÊ`mÀ`m {d{eîQ>
gd`r bjmV KoD$Z VbmdmVrb gd© OmJoMm d Z¡g{J©H$ AÞmMm dmna nwaonwa ìhmdm `mgmR>r EH$mM VbmdmV _mem§À`m {d{dY
{ZdS>H$ OmVr gmoS>Ê`mÀ`m V§Ìmbm {_l _ËñèoVr åhUVmV.
_mem§À`m doJdoJi`m OmVtÀ`m gd`r, dmT>, ImÚ, àOZZmMr nÜXV `§mMm Aä`mg H$éZ _ËñèoVrgmR>r ^maVr`
n«_wI H$mn© åhUOo H$Q>bm, amohþ d _¥Ji `m _moR>m AmH$ma d ObX dmT>Umè`m OmVtMm, Ë`mM~amo~a naXoemVyZ Am`mV Ho$boë`m
M§Xoam, JdË`m d gm`àrZg `m OmVtMr {ZdS> _ËñèoVrgmR>r H$aÊ`mV Ambr. na§Vw, M§Xoam d JdË`m `m OmVtMr n¡Xmg H$_r
à_mUmV hmoV Agë`m_wio d Ë`m§Mo ~rO Šd{MVM {_iVo. Ë`mgmR>r H$Q>bm, amohþ, _¥Ji d gm`{àZg `m Mma OmVtMm dmna
_ËñèoVrgmR>r àm_w»`mZo H$aÊ`mV òVmo.
_ËñèoVrgmR>r dmnaÊ`mV òUmè`m _mem§À`m OmVr
H$Q>bm … `m _memMo S>moHo$ _moR>o d é§X AgVo, eara _Ü`^mJr é§X d \w$Jra AgVo, A§Jmdarb Idbo _moR>o AgVmV. Vm|S>
daÀ`m ~mOwg dibobo, ImbMm AmoR> OmS> AgVmo `mbm {_em ZgVmV. `mMo à_wI Z¡g[J©H$ ImÚ nmÊ`mVrb àmUr ßbd§J d
dZñnVr ßbd§J AgwZ VbmdmÀ`m daÀ`m WamVrb AÞ ImÊ`mÀ`m gd`r_wio BVa _mem§~amo~a ImÚmgmR>r ñnÜmm© H$arV Zmhr.
`mMr dmT> EH$ dfm©V EH$ {H$bmo qH$dm Ë`mhþZ OmñV hmoV Agë`m_wio _Ëñ`g§dY©H$m§Mm AmdS>Vm Amho. $
amohþ … `m _memMo eara bm§~Q> d à_mU~ÜX AgwZ, A§Jmdarb Idbo bmbga AgVmV. `mMm ImbMm AmoR> OmS>ga d
Ë`mMr {H$Zma _D$ XmVoar AgVo. daÀ`m O~S>`mg XmoZ bhmZ {_em AgVmV. Vm|S> ImbÀ`m ~mOwg dibobo d Aé§X AgVo.
hm àm_w»`mZo VbmdmÀ`m _Yë`m WamV amhVmo d Ë`mVrb àmUrßbd§J d gS>Š`m dZñnVr, Ë`mdarb OrdO§Vy `mda CnOrdrH$m
H$aVmo. `mMr dmT> EH$ dfm©bm 700 Vo 800 J«°_ n`ªV hmoVo.
_¥Ji … `m _memMo eara OmñV bm§~Q> AgwZ, Vm|S> ImbÀ`m ~mOwbm dibobo d é§X AgVo, AmoR> nmVi d ImbÀ`m
O~S>`mda XmoZ {_em AgVmV. hm _mgm VbmdmÀ`m VimOdi amhVmo Am{U Vimbm Agbobo Hw$OUmao AÞ, eodmi d
àmUr ßbd§J ImVmo. hm \$ŠV Vimer Agbobo AÞ KoV Agë`mZo H$Q>bm d amohþ _mem§Mr ImÚmgmR>r ñnYm© ZgVo. EH$ dfm©V
600 Vo 750 J«°_ n`ªV dmT>Vmo.
M§Xoam qH$dm {gëìha H$mn© … `m _memÀ`m nwU© earamda ~marH$ M§Xoar Idbo Agë`mZo `mbm M§Xoam åhUVmV. `mMo
326Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eara _Ü`^mJr MnQ>o d S>moHo$ qH$MrV {Z_wiVo AgVo. `mMm ImbMm O~S>m daÀ`mnojm qH$MrV bm§~ AgwZ nmoQ>mda _m§gb
nmV AgVo. VbmdmV daÀ`m WamV amhþZ Ë`mVrb dZñnVr ßbd§J d eodmi ImVmo. `mMr dmT> EH$ dfm©bm 1 {H$bmon`ªV hmoVo.
darb _mem§gmo~V g§dY©Zmg Am{Ve` Mm§Jbm Amho.
JdË`m qH$dm J«mg H$mn© … `mMo ímara bm§~Q> d ~aoMgo _¥Ji _memgmaIo {XgVo, na§Vw Vm§oS> {Z_wiVo d Aé§X AgVo.
O~S>`mda {_em ZgVmV. hm VbmdmÀ`m _Yë`m WamV amhþZ Ë`mVrb dZñnVrßbd§J ImVmo, àm_w»`mZo _moR>`m nmUdZñnVr
ho Ë`m§Mo _w»` ImÚ Amho. hm _mgm A{Ve` ImXmS> AgwZ nmUdZñnVr OmñV ImV Agë`mZo Obme`m§Vrb nmUdZñnVr
{Z_w©bZmgmR>r `mMm dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. `mMr dmT> EH$ dfm©V 1 {H$bmo qH$dm Ë`mhþZ OmñV dmT>Vmo.
gm`{àZg … `mMm AmH$ma earamÀ`m Koamnojm qH$MrV bm§~ AgwZ Vm|S>mVrb AmoR> AÞ ImÊ`mgmR>r H$mhr à_mUmV
bm§~{dVm òVo. ImbÀ`m d daÀ`m O~S>`mg àËòH$s XmoZ {_em AgVmV. nmR>rdarb na bm§~ AgwZ Ë`mMm gwadmVrg EH$
XmVoar H$mQ>m AgVmo. hm _mgm a§JmZo H$minQ>, {hadQ>, {ndim, gmoZoar d bmbga Aem {d{dY a§JmV AgVmo. VbmdmÀ`m Vimer
amhUmam hm _mgm gd©^jr AgwZ, Vimer AmT>iUmao {H$S>o, H¥${_, e§IdJm©Vrb bhmZ àmUr, Hw$OUm-`m dZñnVr d Jmi
ImVmo. `mMr dmT> EH$ dfm©V EH$ Vo XrS> {H$bmo n`ªV hmoVo.
_ËñèoVrMoV§Ì
_ËñèoVr åhUOo Vi`mV `mo½` OmVrMo `mo½` à_mUmV _Ëñ`~rO gmoS>Uo d _mgo _moR>o Pmë`mda Vo nH$S>Uo EdT>oM ZgwZ,
Ë`m _Ëñ`~rOmÀ`m dmT>rgmR>r AZwHw$bpñWVr Vi`mV {Z_m©U H$aUo, VbmdmÀ`m nmÊ`mMr Z¡g[J©H$ CËnmXH$VoMm nwaonwa dmna
H$éZ {deof à`ËZmìXmao hr CËnmXH$Vm OmñVrV OmñV dmT>[dUo, `mo½` àH$maMo Amdí`H$ VodT>o nwaH$ ImÚ XodwZ _mem§Mm H$_rV
H$_r doimV OmñVrV OmñV dmT> hmoÊ`mgmR>r à`ËZ H$aÊmo Am[U _mem§Mr `mo½` dmT> Pmë`mda nH$S>Uo Aem AZoH$ ~m~tMm
g_mdoe AgVmo, Ë`m nwT>rb à_mUo.
OmJoMr {ZdS> … VbmdmMr OmJm gnmQ> qH$dm gIb ^mJmV Agmdr. Ë`m_wio ImoXH$m_mMm IM© H$_r òVmo. nmUWi
qH$dm nmÊ`mMm {ZMam Z hmoUmar O_rZ OmñV `mo½` AgVo. _mVr_Üò {MH$U_mVr d Jmi `m§Mo {_lU 50% nojm OmñV Agmdo.
VbmdmMm AmH$ma … _mem§À`m A{YH$ CËnmXZmgmR>r nmÊ`mMm ngmam d nmÊ`mMr Imobr `m XmoÝhr ~m~r _hËdmÀ`m
AgVmV. hOmamo hoŠQ>a {dñVmamÀ`m Obme`m§VwZ Oar _Ëñ`moËnmXZ KoVm òV Agbo Var bhmZ Vir ì`dñWmnZmbm Ë`m_mZmZo
gmo`rMr AgVmV. H$maU _moR>`m d Imob Vbmdm§_YwZ ZH$mo Agbobr (JmdR>r) _mgir H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Uo AeŠ` AgVo. VgoM
Ë`m_Üò IV`moOZm, nwaH$ ImÚ XoUo, dmT> Pmbobr _mgir H$mT>Uo AdKS> AgVo. åhUwZM 1 EH$a Vo 1 hoŠQ>a AmH$ma_mZmMm
2 Vo 3 _rQ>a nmÊ`mMr Imobr Agbobo Vbmd _Ëñ`moËnmXZmgmR>r OmñV \$m`Xoera R>aVmV. Aem àH$maMm Vbmd V`ma H$aVmZm
bm§~r é§XrMo à_mU 2…1 Agmdo. VbmdmMo ~m§Y _O~wV AgmdoV, VgoM VbmdmMm Vi gd©Ì gmaIm gnmQ> Agmdm, Ë`m_wio
_mgir nH$S>Vm§Zm Omio {\$a{dUo gmo`rñH$a hmoVo.
VbmdmMr nwd© V`mar
A) nmUdZñnVtMo {Z_w©bZ … VbmdmVrb nmÊ`m_Üò Va§JË`m, Vimer _wio Agboë`m d nmZo\w$bo nmÊ`mÀ`m da
òUmè`m, nwU©nUo nmÊ`mV ~wS>mboë`m Am[U Vi`mÀ`m {H$Zmè`mda CJdUm-`m Aem àH$maÀ`m dZñnVr AgVmV. `m dZñnVr
AZmdí`H$ d _Ëñ`^jH$ _mgo, {H$S>o `m§Zm amhÊ`mgmR>r {Zdmam CnbãY H$aVmV. `m dZñnVr nmÊ`mVrb nmofH$ VËdm§Mm
dmna H$aVmV Ë`mMm n[aUm_ _mem§Mo Z¡g[J©H$ ImÚ ßbd§J {Z[_©Vrda hmoVmo, VgoM Ë`m nmÊ`mVrb àmUdm`w H$_r H$aVmV.
OmñV à_mUmVrb dZñnVrMr _wio _mgo_marbm AS>ga R>aVmV, åhUwZ VbmdmVrb dZñnVtMm Zm`ZmQ> H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
H$_r à_mUmV qH$dm {dIwaboë`m dZñnVr Agë`mg _mUgm§H$adr bm§~Xm§S>`mMr {dio, Iwano dmnéZ, eŠ` Agë`mg hmVm§Zr
doMwZ H$mTw>Z Q>mH$mì`mV. na§Vw, OmñV à_mUmV Agë`mg _Zwî`~i dmnéZ H$mT>Uo IMuH$ R>aVo. Aem doir `mo½` agm`Zm§Mm
dmna H$éZ Vkm§À`m _mJ©Xe©ZmImbrb d XoIaoIrImbr Ë`m§Mm dmna H$amdm. na§Vw, gd©_mÝ` nÜXV åhUOo _Zwî`~imMm dmna
H$éZ H$mT>Uo A{YH$ `mo½` AgVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 327

~) g§hmaH$ d AZmdí`H$ _mem§Mo {Z_w©bZ … VbmdmVrb AZmdí`H$ JmdR>r _mgo AmnU gmoS>bobo _Ëñ`~rO
ImVmV Ë`m_wio ~rOm§Mr g§»`m H$_r hmoVo, Ë`mM~amo~a Vo gmoS>boë`m _mem§À`m ~amo~a OmJm, AÞ d àmUdm`w `m§À`mgmR>r
ñnÜmm© H$aVmV. åhUyZ Ë`m§Mo {Z_w©bZ _Ëñ`~rOm§Mm g§M`Z H$aÊ`mnwduM H$aUo AË`mdí`H$ AgVo. `mgmR>r Vio CÝhmi`m_Üò
H$moaS>o H$éZ, Zm§JéZ dmi{dUo hm gdm©V à^mdr Cnm` Amho. Oa Vbmd H$moaS>m H$aUo eŠ` Zgë`mg nmUr H$_r H$éZ {dfmMm
qH$dm agm`Zm§Mm dmna H$amdm. `mgmR>r _mohmMr n|S> 2500 {H$bmo Xa hoŠQ>ar joÌ\$imgmR>r Xa _rQ>a ImobrgmR>r, VbmdmV
_Ëñ`~rO gmoS>Ê`mnwdu 3 AmR>dS>o AmYr dmnamdr. `m n|S>rÀ`m à^mdmZo _mgo ~oM¡Z hmoD$Z H$mhr VmgmVM nmÊ`mda Va§JVmV, ho
_mgo {dfmar Zgë`mZo ImÊ`mgmR>r haH$V ZgVo. ho eŠ` Zgë`mg {ãbMtJ nmdS>a 350 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a à{V _rQ>a
ImobrgmR>r `m à_mUmV dmnamdo qH$dm pãbqMJ nmdS>a 175 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a à{V _rQ>a Imobr `m à_mUmV dmnaë`mda 18-
24 Vmgm§Z§Va `w[a`m 100 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a à{V _rQ>a Imobr `m à_mUmV dmnéZ AZmdí`H$ _mem§Mo {Z_w©bZ H$amdo.
H$) IVm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aUo … VbmdmMr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r d H$m`_ amIÊ`mgmR>r g|Ðr` d amgm`ZrH$ IVm§Mm
dmna H$amdm bmJVmo. `m IVm§_Yrb nmofH$ Ðì`m§Mm d gw`©àH$memMm dmna H$éZ dZñnVrßbd§J d àmUrßbd§J `m _mem§À`m
Z¡g{J©H$ AÞmMr {Z[_©Vr hmoVo Am[U hr {Z[_©Vr gVV Mmbw amhÊ`mgmR>r R>am[dH$ H$mbmdYrZ§Va IV`moOZm H$amdr bmJVo.
VmOo eoU 3000 Vo 4000 {H$bmo/hoŠQ>a `m à_mUmV EH$mM _mÌoV VbmdmVrb nmÊ`mV {dIéZ Q>mH$mdo. Oa AmYr
JmdR>r _mem§À`m {Z_©wbZmgmR>r _mohmMr n|S> dmnabobr Agob Va darb eoUmMr àmW{_H$ _mÌm XoD$ Zò.
Vbmdm_Üò _Ëñ`~rO gmoS>Ê`mÀ`m 3 Vo 4 {Xdg AmYr 200 Vo 300 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a `m à_mUmV MwZm EH$mM _mÌoV
Q>mH$mdm. MwÝ`mMr _mÌm AmYr EH$m qnnmV Q>mHw$Z Vo {_lU Mm§Jbo T>diwZ ¿`mdo d nmÊ`mÀ`m n¥îR>^mJmda gd©Ì qenS>mdo.
darb à_mUo IVm§À`m _mÌm {Xë`mda nmÊ`mMm a§J {hadm qH$dm {Ziga {hadm a§JmMm hmoVmo, åhUOoM nmÊ`mV ßbd§J
{Z{‘©Vr Pmbobr Amho.
VbmdmV _Ëñ`~rOm§Mo g§M`Z … ghm OmVtMo _Ëñ`~rO gmoS>ë`mda CËnmXZ OmñV {_iUma Agbo Var JdË`m (J«mg
H$mn©), M§Xoam ({gëìha H$mn©) d H$mhr doim gm`{àZgMo _Ëñ`~rO g§M`Z H$aÊ`mgmR>r {_iV Zmhr. åhUwZ Mma qH$dm VrZ
OmVtMo _Ëñ`~rO gmoS>mdo bmJVo. eŠ`Vmo {ZdS>H$ OmVtMr ~moQw>H$br (50 {_._r.) AdñWoVrb ~rO VbmdmV gmoS>Uo `mo½`
AgVo. _mÌ VbmdmV _Ëñ`^jH$ JmdR>r _mgo ZgVrb Va 20 {__r bm§~rMo _Ëñ`~rO gmoS>bo Var MmbVmV. ~mhoéZ _Ëñ`~rO
AmUë`mda àW_ gmYmaU 10 {_ZrQ>o ~rOmMr ßbmñQ>rH$ {nedr Z CKS>Vm Á`m VbmdmV ~rO gmoS>md`mMo Amho Ë`m nmÊ`mV
R>odmdr. Ë`mZ§Va {nedrMo Vm|S> CKSw>Z Ë`mV VbmdmVrb WmoS>ogo nmUr ¿`mdo d gw_mao 10 {_ZrQ>o {nedr Vi`mV AYu ~wS>dyZ
R>odmdr. {nedrVrb ~rOmg nmÊ`mMr gd` Pmë`mda {nedrMo Vm|S> nmÊ`mV ~wS>dyZ {nedr {Vanr H$amdr, åhUOo ~rO hiwhiw
nmohV VbmdmVrb nmÊ`mV {ZKwZ OmB©Z. darb nÜXVrZo _Ëñ`~rOm§Mo g§M`Z Ho$ë`mZ§Va ~rO _aVwH$sMr eŠ`Vm H$_r hmoVo.
~rO gmoS>Vm§Zm eŠ`Vmo gH$mir qH$dm g§Ü`mH$mir dmVmdaUmV Jmadm AgVm§Zm gmoS>Uo Mm§Jbo AgVo.
_Ëñ`~rOmÀ`m CnbãYVoZwgma 30 Vo 40% H$Q>bm, 30 Vo 35% amohw Am[U 30 Vo 40% _¥Ji d gm`{àZg `m OmVtMo ~rO
5000 Vo 8000 ~moQw>H$br à{V hoŠQ>a `m à_mUmV VbmdmV gmoS>mdo.
~rO g§M`Zm Z§VaMo ì`dñWmnZ
A) IV `moOZm … VbmdmV ~rO gmoS>Ê`mnwdu Ho$boë`m IV `moOZo_wio Vbmdm_Üò ßbd§J {Z[_©Vr hmoD$Z _mem§Mo
Z¡g[J©H$ ImÚ V`ma Pmbobo AgVo Vo g§M`Z Ho$boë`m ~rOm§H$Sw>Z AÞ åhUwZ dmnabo Joë`mZo H$mbm§VamZo VbmdmMr CËnmXH$Vm
H$_r H$_r hmoV OmVo. Vr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r Xa n§Yam {Xdgm§Zr VbmdmV VmOo eoUmMr _mÌm 500 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a
X`mdr. `mdoir eoU VbmdmÀ`m H$mon-`m§_Üò nmÊ`mV ~wS>ob Ago T>rJ H$éZ gmoS>mdo. VgoM `w[a`m 10 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a d
qgJb gwna \$m°ñ\o$Q> 15 {H$bmo à{V hoŠQ>a `m à_mUmV AmYr nmÊ`mV {daKiyZ KodyZ VbmdmVrb nmÊ`mda qenS>mdo.
~) nwaH$ ImÚ … _ËñèoVrgmR>r Ho$di VbmdmVrb Z¡g[J©H$ d IV `moOZmH$é>Z dmT>{dboë`m CËnmXH$VodaM {dg§~yZ
Z amhVm, Ë`m§Mo OmoS>rbm nwaH$ ImÚ XoUo H$_r doimV OmñV CËnmXZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r Amdí`H$ AgVo. nwaH$ ImÚm_Üò
328Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

e|JXmUm n|S>, Vri n|S>, _mohar n|S> Am{U ^mVmMm H$mUrH$m|S>m (amB©g~«mZ) qH$dm JìhmMm H$m|S>m `m§Mo g_^mJ {_lU dmnaVmV.
H$m|S>m CnbãY Zgë`mg Ii`m_Üò YmÝ` V`ma Pmë`mda Imbr am[hbobo Iam~ YmÝ`mMm OmS> âS>m, MmiwZ KoVbobo
nrR>mÀ`m {JaUr_Yrb Iam~ nrR>, ñd`§nmH$ KamVrb Q>mH$mdw ImÚnXmW© qH$dm {Mabobo d {eO{dbobo Iam~ ^mOrnmbm gwÜXm
nwaH$ ImÚ åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mg haH$V Zmhr.
darb nwaH$ ImÚ gwédmVrÀ`m n[hë`m _{hÝ`mV g§M`Z Ho$boë`m _mem§À`m EHw$U dOZmÀ`m 5% `m à_mUo XodyZ nwT>o
H$_r H$_r H$aV EHy$U dOZmÀ`m 2 Vo 1% `m à_mUmV X`mdo. H$moaS>o nwaH$ ImÚ nmÊ`mV 2 Vo 3 Vmg {ÔV Kmbmdo, Ë`mMo
EH$Ì {_lU H$éZ H$UHo$gmaIo KQ>²Q> Jmoio ~Zdmdo. `m ImÚmMo Jmoio VbmdmV XaamoO R>am{dH$ doir d R>amdrH$ {R>H$mUrM
nmÊ`mV Q>mH$mdoV åhUOo _mem§Zm Ë`mMr gd` hmoD$Z Vo Ë`m doir Ë`m {R>H$mUr ImÊ`mgmR>r O_VmV. Ë`m_wio ImÚ Q>mH$ë`mda
Vo VbmdmÀ`m Vimer OmB©n`ªV Ë`mMm OmñVrV OmñV ^mJ _mem§Zr Imëbobm AgVmo d AÞ dm`m OmV Zmhr.
_mgo_mar … darb à_mUo Vbmdm§Mo ì`dñWmnZ H$aVm§Zm, Xa _{hÝ`mbm VbmdmV Omio {\$adwZ _mem§Mr g§»`m d dmT>
Vnmgmdr. gmYmaUnUo 10 Vo 12 _{hÝ`m§Zr _mem§Mo gamgar dOZ àËòH$r EH$ {H$bmo hmoB©b. _mgo_mar H$aÊ`mnwdu hiwhiw
VbmdmVrb nmÊ`mMr nmVir H$_r H$amdr åhUOo Omio {\$adÊ`mg d Vimer amhUmao _¥Ji d gm`àrZg _mgo nwU©nUo nH$S>Uo
gmono OmVo. _ËñèoVrÀ`m darb V§ÌmMm dmna H$éZ Xa hoŠQ>ar 3000 {H$bmo qH$dm Ë`mhþZ OmñV _Ëñ`moËnmXZ {_i{dUo eŠ`
hmoVo.
_ËñèoVrgmR>r amÁèmgZmÀ`m {d{dY `moOZm
ñdmV§Í`mZ§Va {deofV… _hmamîQ—> amÁ` ñWmnZoZ§Va AZoH$ Obmeò V`ma Pmë`mZo Am{U _ËñèoVrMo V§Ì {dH${gV
Pmë`mZo JmoS>`m nmÊ`mVrb _mgo_marMo joÌ dmT>bo, Ë`mM~amo~a _Ëñ`moËnmXZmMr j_Vm dmT>br Am{U `m ì`dgm`mg MmbZm
{_imbr. nU `m ì`dgm`mda Adb§~yZ Agbobm _ÀN>r_ma dJ© Jar~ Agë`mZo `m V§ÌkmZmMm dmna H$aÊ`mgmR>r, VgoM
Zì`mZo CnbãY Pmboë`m ObjoÌmV _mgo_mar H$aÊ`mgmR>r emgZmÀ`m nmR>~imMr Amdí`H$Vm ^mgy bmJbr. emgZmMohr
YmoaU `m Am{W©H$ÑîQ>`m Xw~i`m KQ>H$mÀ`m Am{W©H$ d gm_m{OH$ CÞVrH$arVm AZwHy$b ~Zbo d n§Mdm{f©H$ `moOZm§_YyZ _Ëñ`
ì`dgm`mgmR>r Am{W©H$ d BVa gmo`r gdbVr {_iy bmJë`m.
_mgo_mar ì`dgm` hm AZoH$m§Zr gm_wXm{`H$nUo H$aÊ`mMm ì`dgm` Amho. ghH$mamMm _mJ© Yaë`m{edm` `m
ì`dgm`mV àJVr H$aVm òUo eŠ` Zmhr. Ë`mgmR>r _ÀN>r_mam§Zr Amnë`m ghH$mar g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$ë`m nm{hOo, åhUOo Vo `m
ghH$mar g§ñWm§_m\©$V Xbmbm§Zm, ^m§S>dbXmam§Zm èñdrnUo Vm|S> XoD eH$Vrb d Ë`m§Mr Am{W©H$ {nidUyH$ hmoUma Zmhr. ho
bjmV KodyZ emgZmMo _mgo_mar ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm àmYmÝ` XoÊ`mMo YmoaU Amho.
_Ëñ`g§dY©H$ {dH$mg `§ÌUm
JmoS>`m nmÊ`mVrb {ZdS>H$ Vbmd _Ëñ`g§dY©ZmImbr AmUUo, _ÀN>r_mam§Zm à{ejU XoD Z _Ëñ`moËnmXZ dmT>{dUo Am{U
_Ëñ`g§dY©H$m§Zm VbmdmMo ~m§YH$m_ H$aUo, VbmdmMo ZwVZrH$aU H$aUo, _Ëñ`~rO C~dUr H|$Ð C^maUo, _ËñÌmÚ àH$ën gwê$
H$aUo BË`mXr ~m~tgmR>r Am{W©H$ ghmæ` XoÊ`mV òVo. `m `§ÌUoMo AÜ`úm g§~§{YV {Oëh`mMo {Oëhm{YH$mar d gXñ` g{Md
g§~§{YV {Oëh`mMo ghmæ`H$ Am`wŠV _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ho AgVmV.
Adê$ÜX nmÊ`mV _Ëñ`g§dY©Z
nmQ>~§Ymao {d^mJm§Mo Zì`mZo V`ma Pmbobo Vbmdm§Mo _mgo_marMo hŠH$ _Ëñ`ì`dgm` {d^mJmH$S>o hñVm§VarV Pmë`mZ§Va
Obme`m§À`m gamgar ObjoÌmMo à_mUmV emgZmÀ`m _mJ©Xe©H$ gwMZm§Zwgma n{hbr XmoZ df© 100 %, {Vgè¶m dfu 75 %,
MdÏ`m dfu 50 % d nmMì`m dfu 25 % `mo½` à_mUmV _Ëñ`~rO g§M`Z Ho$bo OmVo.
_mgo_mar gmYZm§Mo IaoXrdaAW©ghmæ`
_mgo_margmR>r bmJUmar Omir d gwV _ÀN>r_mam§Zm gdbVrMo Xam§_Üò CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r _{ÀN>_ma ghH$mar
g§ñWm_m\©$V g^mgXm§Zm Zm`bm°Z gwV, V`ma Omir `mgmR>r 5 {H$bmo _`m©Xon`ªV 50 Q>ŠHo$ AZwXmZ XoÊ`mV òVo. amnU g§KmÀ`m
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 329

àËòH$ g^mgXm§Zm à{Vdfu 30 {H$bmo n`ªV gwV IaoXrgmR>r 15 Q>ŠHo$ AZwXmZ XoÊ`mV òVo. VgoM, Am{W©H$ÑîQ>`m H$_Hw$dV
_ÀN>r_mam§Zm bhmZ Zm¡H$m ~m§YÊ`mgmR>r qH$_VrÀ`m 50 Q>ŠHo$ qH$dm ê$. 30,000/- `mn¡H$s Or H$_r Agob Vr aŠH$_ AZwXmZ
åhUwZ XoÊ`mV òVo.
_ÀN>r_mam§gmR>r amîQ>—r` H$ë`mU{ZYr `moOZm
`m `moOZoA§VJ©V Xm[aÐ` aofoImbrb qH$dm Aën CËnÞ JQ>mVrb O{_Z Zgboë`m ~oKa _pÀN>_mam§gmR>r 35 Mm¡._r.
joÌ\$imMo KaHw$b ~m§YUo, 10 Vo 20 Kam§À`m g_whmg EH$ Hw$nZ{bH$m ~m§YwZ XoUo, 75 KaHw$bm§Mm g_whmg 200 Mm¡._r.
joÌ\$imMo g_mO ~m§YUo BË`mXr _wb^wV gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r Am{W©H$ AZwXmZ XoÊ`mV òVo.
_ÀN>r_ma ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm ^mJ^m§S>db
_Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWmÀ`m g^mgX§mZr nH$S>boë`m _mgirMr IaoXr, {dH«$s d dmhVwH$ ì`dñWm H$aÊ`mgmR>r
VgoM _mgo_mar gmYZm§À`m IaoXrgmR>r _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm bmJUmè`m ^mJ^m§S>dbmg amîQ—>r` ghH$ma {dH$mg
{ZJ_À`m AW©ghmæ` `moOZoVwZ CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ`mV òVo.
_ÀN>r_ma ghH$mar g§ñWmMm {dH$mg
_Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWmÀ`m H$m_H$mOmV gwYmaUm KS>dwZ AmUÊ`mgmR>r d Ë`m§Mr Am{W©H$ pñWVr ~iH$Q>
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm Imbrbà_mUo ì`dñWmnH$s` AZwXmZ d ^mJ^m§S>db XoÊ`mV òVo.
A) g_wh nwañH¥$V Agboë`m àmW{_H$ _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm ê$. 5000/- ì`dñWmnH$s` AZwXmZ 5
dfm©gmR>r CVaË`m H«$_mZo XoÊ`mV òVo.
~) g_wh nwañH¥$V Zgboë`m àmW{_H$ _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm ê$. 1800/- ì`dñWmnH$s` AZwXmZ 5 dfm©gmR>r
CVaË`m H«$_mZo XoÊ`mV òVo
H$) {Oëhm _[ÀN>_ma d {d^mJr` g§Kmg ê$.12,500/- _`m©Xon`ªV ì`dñWmnH$s` AZwXmZ 5 dfm©§gmR>r CVaË`m H«$_mZo
XoÊ`mV òVo.
S>) _Ëñ`ì`dgm` ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm g§ñWoÀ`m ^mJ^m§S>dbmÀ`m VrZ nQ> qH$dm ê$. 10,000/- À`m _`m©Xon`ªV
ì`dñWmnH$s` ^mJ^m§S>db XoÊ`mV òVo.
_mgir CVa{dÊ`mÀ`m H|$Ðmda _wb^wV gw{dYm nwa{dUo
`m `moOZoA§VJ©V _{ÀN>_ma ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm Zm¡H$m {H$Zm-`mda bmdÊ`mgmR>r a°ån ~m§YUo, _mb CVa{dÊ`mgmR>r AmoQ>o
~m§YUo, CKS>o {Zdmam eoS> ~m§YUo, OmoS>añVm gw{dYm, em¡Mmb` ~m§YH$m_ B.H$m_m§gmR>r ê$. 5.0 bmIm§nojm H$_r IMm©Mr H$m_o
~m§YH$m_ {d^mJm_m\©$V H$ê$Z gw{dYm {Z_m©U H$ê$Z Ë`m§Mm Vm~m ghH$mar g§ñWoH$S>o {Xbm OmVmo, Ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mr XoI^mb d
Xwê$ñVr g§ñWo_m\©$V H$aÊ`mV òVo.
_{ÀN>_ma ghH$mar g§ñWm§Zm ~\©$ H$maImZo d ímrVJ¥hm§Mo drO Xo`H$mV gdbV
_mgo_mar Ho$ë`mda nH$S>bobr _mgir {Q>Hw$Z amhÊ`mH$arVm ~\$m©V qH$dm erVJ¥hmV R>odUo Amdí`H$ AgVo, ho H$maImZo
Mmb{dÊ`mgmR>r OmñV IM© òV Agë`mZo ghH$mar g§ñW§mZm à{V drO `w{ZQ>da 40 n¡go gwQ> XoÊ`mV òVo.
_{ÀN>_mam§Zm {S>Pobdarb _wë`d{Y©V H$amMr gdbV
_mgo_mar Zm¡H$m§gmR>r dmnaë`m OmUm-`m {S>Pobda âmì`m bmJUm-`m _wë`d{Y©V H$amMr _w§~B© n[ajoÌmV 35 Q>ŠHo$
d _w§~B©~mhoarb n[ajoÌmgmR>r 31 Q>ŠHo$ à{VnyVu H$aÊ`mV òVo.
_pÀN>_mar Zm¡H$m§Mo `m§{ÌH$sH$aU d gwYmaUm
_pÀN>_mar ghH$mar g§ñWoMo g^mgX Agboë`m 7 Vo 10 {H«$`merb gXñ`m§À`m JQ>mg Zm¡H$m ~m§YUrgmR>r, B§{OZ,
330Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{OdajH$ gmYZo, {S>Pob d nmÊ`mMr Q>mH$s, erVH$ßno, Am{U `m§{ÌH$s d BboŠQ—>m{ZH$ `§Ìgm_wJ«r B. gmR>r 10 Q>ŠHo$ ^mJ^m§S>db
amÁèmgZ d 55 Q>ŠHo$ H$O© amîQ—>r` ghH$ma {dH$mg {ZJ_ `m§À`mH$Sy>Z XoÊ`mV òVo.
{~Ja `m§{ÌH$ Zm¡H$m§Zm ~mh` d Am§Va B§{OZ ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r AW©ghmæ`
_pÀN>_mar ghH$mar g§ñWoÀ`m g^mgXmg ñdV…À`m _mbH$sMr Zm¡H$m Agë`mg Ë`mda B§{OZ ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r B§{OZÀ`m
{H$_VrÀ`m 50 Q>ŠHo$ na§Vw ê$. 10,000/- _`mªXon`©V Am{U 2 {gb|S>a B§{OZ ~g{dÊ`mgmR>r B§{OZÀ`m {H$_VrÀ`m 50 Q>ŠHo$
na§Vw ê$. 12,000 /- _`m©Xon`©V AW©ghmæ` H$aÊ`mV òVo. Cd©[aV 50 Q>ŠHo$ aŠH$_ bm^mWuZo ñdV… qH$dm {dËVr` g§ñWoH$Sy>Z
H$O© ñdê$nmV C^mamd`mMr Amho.
_{ÀN>_mam§Mo {dH$mgmH$[aVm {S>Pob Vobmda gdbV
_mgo_margmR>r dmnaë`m OmUmè`m Zm|XUrH¥$V Zm¡H$m§Zm {S>PobH$[aVm _{ÀN>_mam§Zm ê$. 1.50 à{V {bQ>a gdbV
H|$ÐemgZm_m\©$V {Xbr OmVo.
_mgirMo gwajU, dmhVwH$ d nUZ `moOZm
_mgir hr Zmed§V dñVw Agë`mZo Vr Iam~ Z hmoVm bdH$a ~mOmanoR>oV OmdyZ {Vbm Mm§Jbm ^md {_imdm `mgmR>r
_pÀN>_ma ghH$mar g§ñWm§g _mgir d ~\©$ dmhVwH$sgmR>r Q>—H$, {S>Pob dmhVwH$sgmR>r Q>±H$a IaoXrgmR>r amîQ—>r` ghH$ma {dH$mg
{ZJ_À`m AW©ghmæ`mVwZ AZwXmZ XoÊ`mV òVo.
darb `moOZm§À`m A{YH$ _m{hVrgmR>r d bm^ KoÊ`mgmR>r BÀNy>H$m§Zr g§~§{YV {Oëh`mMo ghmæ`H$ Am`wŠV
_Ëñ`ì`dgm` `m§Moer g§nH©$ gmYmdm.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 331

H¥${f V§ÌkmZ ‘m{hVr H|$Ð
H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mZo {dH${gV Ho$bobo gwYm[aV V§ÌkmZ {d{dY ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ eoVH$è`m§n`ªV nmohM{dÊ`mMo H$m`© ‘hmË‘m
\w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mMo H¥${f V§ÌkmZ ‘m{hVr H|$Ð Am°JñQ> 2001 nmgyZ H$aV Amho. {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m àdoeÛmam eoOmar Ah‘XZJa
- ‘Z‘mS> ‘hm‘mJm©da ZdrZ B‘maVrV gwé Agboë`m `m H|$ÐmMr C{Ôï>ò Imbrbà‘mUo AmhoV.
1. H¥${f ‘m{hVr d V§ÌkmZ {‘i{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zm ‘XV H$aUo.
2. eoVH$è`m§À`m H¥${f {df`H$ g‘ñ`m gmoS>{dÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` ‘mJ©Xe©Z d g„m XoUo.
3. ZdrZ H¥${f V§ÌkZmMm {d{dY ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r àgma H$aUo.
4. H¥${f àXe©Zo /MMm©gÌ/‘oimdo / à{ejU {edma\o$ar‘Üò eoVH$ar-emók ‘Mm§Vrb g^mgXm§Zm {Z‘§{ÌV H$aUo
5. eoVH$ar- emók ‘§MmÛmao H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mer eoVH$è`m§Mm gh^mJ dmT>{dUo.
6. nrH$ àmË`m{jH$m§À`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ ZdrZ V§ÌkmZ eoVH$è`m§Zm g‘OmdyZ gm§JUo.
7. nrH$ d new{dH$mg CËnmXZmVrb Xar ^éZ H$mT>UogmR>r ‘XV H$aUo.
8. {dH«$s d gëë`mÀ`m ghmæ`mZo eoVH$è`m§Mm Am{W©H$ \$m`Xm dmT>{dUo.
9. eoVH$ar ‘oimdo, {edma \o$ar Am{U H¥${f àXe©ZmÛmao eoVH$è`m§Zm H¥${f V§ÌkmZmMm ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda àgma H$aUo.
10. H¥${f g§emoYH$ d H¥${f {dñVmaH$ `m§Mr H¥${f g‘ñ`m àË`mâUm{df`r MMm© KS>dyZ AmUUo.
11. H¥${f joÌmV eoVH$ar ‘{hbm§Mm A{YH$ H$m`©j‘ gh^mJ dmT>{dUo.
12. eoVH$ar, H¥${f {d^mJmVrb A{YH$mar `m§MogmR>r {d{dY à{ejUm§Mo Am`moOZ H$aUo.
{d{dY gw{dYm
1. {df` {deofkm§H$Sy>Z eoVH$è`m§Zm H¥${f {df`H$ g„m d ‘mJ©Xe©Z .
2. eoVH$è`m§Zm B§Q>aZoQ>Ûmao gd© {nH$m§Mr ‘m{hVr KoÊ`mMr ‘mo\$V gw{dYm.
3. AÚ`mdV H¥${f ‘m{hVr àXe©Z d \$moQ>mo J°bar.
4. eoVH$è`m§Mr ~¡R>H$ d g^m / à{ejUo KoÊ`mgmR>r ÑH$lmì` g^mJ¥h.
5. pìhS>rAmo / grS>rÛmao H¥${f ‘m{hVrMm àgma.
6. EH$ {IS>H$s A§VJ©V {dÚmnrR>mMr {d{dY CËnmXZo ^mOrnmbm {~`mUo, O¡{dH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ d O¡{dH$ IVo {dH«$s.
7. Jm§Sw>iIV, ZmS>on, ewÝ` COm© AmYm[aV erVJ¥h, nmUr ì`dñWmnZ, ‘¥X Obg§YmaU {df`H$ àmË`m{jHo$ d ‘mJ©Xe©Z
8. H¥${f Xe©Zr, lr gwJr d BVa H¥${f àH$meZo {dH«$s.
CnbãY godm
1. {\$aVo nrH$ {M{H$Ëgmb`mÀ`m ‘mÜ`‘mVyZ nmUr, ‘mVr d nrH$ Z‘wÝ`m§Mr VnmgUr
2. {nH$m§darb H$sS> d amoJ {ZXmZ Am{U {Z`§ÌUmMo Cnm` H$aUo~m~V ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aUo.
3. hoënbmB©Z godm \$moZ Z§. 02426-243861, doi gH$mir 9 Vo Xþnmar 5.15
4. {H$gmZH$m°b - 1800-180-1551 Ûmao eoVH$è`m§Zm g„m
{~`mUo, CËnmXZo, H¥${f n«H$meZo {dH«$s
1. {~`mUo … {dÚmnrR> àjoÌmda CËnm{XV V¥UYmÝò, H$S>YmÝò, ^mOrnmbm B. {~`mUo CnbãYVoZwgma {dH«$s
2. H$b‘o … Am§~m, S>mit~, noé, {MHy$, Zmai B.
3. O¡{dH$ CËnmXZo … am`Pmo{~`‘, A°PoQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, A°{gQ>mo~°ŠQ>a, nrEg~r, H§$nmoñQ> H$ëMa, ho{bAmo{H$b B.
4. àH$meZo … H¥${fXe©Zr, lr gwJr, BVa H¥${f V§ÌkmZ {df`H$ àH$meZo, ^maVr` H¥${f AZwg§YmZ n[afXoMr àH$meZo B.
eoVH$è`m§gmR>r CnbãY godm
1. Xwa^mî` godm … (02426) 243861
2. {H$gmZ H$m°b g|Q>a … 1800-180-1551
3. g§Ho$V ñWi … www.mpkv.mah.nic.in
4. B©-‘ob …deempkv@rediffmail.com 5. \°$Šg … (02426… 243230)
332Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

H¥${f V§ÌkmZ ‘m{hVr H|$ÐmVrb emók
H¥${f XyaÜdZr H«$‘m§H$ (02426)
H$m`m©b` ‘mo~mB©b
S>m°. AmZ§X gmoi§Ho$ (ì`dñWmnH$, H¥$V_mH|$Ð) 243861 9422232$744
àm. ‘§Om~mny JmdS>o (CÚmZ{dÚm) 243861 9422922060
S>m°. ¶moJoe H$m§XiH$a (newwg§dY©Z) 243861 9552114337
S>m°. XËVmÌ¶ nmMmaUo (H¥¥${f {dÚm) 243861 9271461689
OZg§nH©$ H$m`m©b`
H$¥{f {dÚmnrR>mg ^Qo> XUomè`m AVr ‘hËdmMo ì`º$s / A{YH$mar / eVoH$ar/ {dÚmWu `mÀ§`m ^Qo>rMo {Z`mOoZ
d ì`dñWm H$obr OmV.o {dÚmnrR>mVrb {d{dY àH$ënm~§m~V _m{hVr XDo$Z ^Qo>r~m~V g_Ýd` H$obm OmVm.o {dÚmnrR>mÀ`m H$¥{fXeZ©r
d lrgJwrMr {dH$«s OZgn§H$© A{YH$mar H$m`mb © `mVZy H$obr OmV.o
àH$meZo {dH$«s …- H$¥{f XeZ©r, lrgJwr, ‘m{hVr npwñVH$m d BVa àH$meZo
gn§H$© … H$¥{fXeZ©r, lrgJwr d BVa H$¥{f {df`H$ àH$meZmg§mR>r OZgn§H$© A{YH$mar, ‘.\$$w.H$¥.{d.amhaþr, {O.Ah‘XZJa `mM§eor
gn§H$© H$amdm. (02426) 243373.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 333

H¥${f joÌmer g§~§{YV g§Ho$VñWio
ICAR Research Institutes and BureauxCentral Avian Research Institute
http://www.icar.org.in/cari/index.html
Central Institute for Cotton Research http://www.cicr.nic.in
Central Institute for Research on Goats http://www.cirg.res.in
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture http://www.crida.in
Central Rice Research Institute http://www.crri.nic.in
Central Soil Salinity Research Institute http://www.cssri.org
Central Tuber Crops Research Institute http://www.ctcri.org
Indian Agricultural Research Institute http://www.iari.res.in
Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute http://www.iasri.res.in
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi http://www.icar.org.in
Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research http://www.iisr.nic.in
National Research Centres
National Centre for Agricultural Economic Policy & Research http://www.ncap.res.in
National Research Centre for Equines http://www.nrce.nic.in
National Research Centre for Orchids http://www.sikkim.nic.in/nrco
National Research Centre for Plant Biotechnology http://www.nrcpb.org
Farmers\Resources :
www.farmernet.com www.farms.com
Agricultural Resources
www.fao.org www.cellbio.com www.soilweb.tripod.com
www.mykoweb.com www.lib.berkeley.edu www..iucn.org
www.asiarice.org www.eco-web.com www.nbri-lko.org
www.agronomy.org
Search Engine
www.google.com www.altavista.com www.vivisimo.com
www.about.com www.yahoo.com www.mama.com
Rural Participation
www.drishtee.com
‘hmamï´>mVrb H¥${f g§ñWm§Mr g§Ho$VñWio
‘hmamï>´> H¥${f {ejU d g§emoYZ n[afX, nwUo www.mcaer.mah.nic.in
‘hmË‘m \$w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar www.mpkv.mah.nic.in
S>m°.~mimgmho~ gmd§V H$moH$U H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, Xmnmobr www.dbskkv.org
‘amR>dmS>m H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, naÛr www.mkv.ac.in
S>m°.n§Om~amd Xoe‘wI H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, AH$mobm www.pdkv.ac.in
_hmamï´> new d _Ëñ` {dkmZ {dÚmnrR, ZmJnwa> www.mafsu.in
H¥${f ImVo, ‘hmamï>´> emgZ www.mahaagri.gov.in
334Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

eoVrgmR>r gwYm[aV AdOmao d `§Ìo
noaUrgmR>r AdOmao
~¡bMbrV Á`moVr ~hþnrH$ Q>moH$U `§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao ^wB©‘yJ, gw`©\y$b, H$aS>B©, gmo`m~rZ, Ádmar, ‘H$m, Jhÿ, haâm, Vya BË`mXr {nH$m§Mr Q>moH$U nÕVrZo noaUr H$aVm
òVo. XmUoXma IVm§Mr ‘mÌm [e’$maerZwgma ¶mo½¶ Imobrda Am{U {~¶mÊ¶mÀ¶m ~mOybm XoVm ¶oVo. {~¶mÊ¶m§À¶m noQ>çm ñdV§Ì
Agë¶m‘wio Am§Va{nH$m§Mr Q>moH$UgwÕm H$aVm ¶oVo. `m `§ÌmÛmao XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 22.5, 30 Am{U 45 g|._r. A§Va
amIVm òVo. EH$m {XdgmV OdiOdi 1 Vo 1.5 ho³Q>a joÌmda Q>moH$U nÜXVrZo noaUr H$aVm ¶oVo.
Q´>°ŠQ>aMbrV Á¶moVr ~hþnrH$ Q>moH$U `§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao ^wB©‘yJ, gw`©\y$b, H$aS>B©, gmo`m~rZ, haâm, Ádmar, ‘H$m, Jhÿ, Vya BË`mXr {nH$m§Mr Q>moH$U nÕVrZo noaUr H$aVm
¶oVo. XmUoXma IVm§Mr ‘mÌm {e’$maerZwgma {~¶mÊ¶mÀ¶m ~mOybm XoVm ¶oVo. ¶m ¶§ÌmV 22.5 g|.‘r. A§Vamdarb {nH$mgmR>r 9
Amoir, 30 g|.‘r. A§Vamdarb {nH$mgmR>r 7 Amoir Am{U 45 g|.‘r. A§Vamdarb {nH$mgmR>r 5 Amoir EH$mM doiog noaVm
¶oVmV. {e’$maerà‘mUo 2 AmoitVrb Am{U XmoZ amonmVrb ¶mo½¶ A§Va amIVm ¶oVo. àË¶oH$ ’$UmÀ¶m {~¶mÊ¶mÀ¶m noQ>çm
doJù¶m Agë¶mZo Vwargma»¶m Am§Va{nH$m§Mr Q>moH$U H$aVm ¶oVo. ho ¶§Ì 35 Aœe³VrÀ¶m Q>°´³Q>ada MmbVo. EH$m {XdgmV
3 Vo 3.5 ho. joÌmda noaUr H$aVm ¶oVo.
H$‘r Aíde³Vr Q´>°³Q>aMbrV ’w$bo ~hþnrH$ Q>moH$U ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao ‘H$m, ^wB©‘wJ, gw¶©’w$b, H$aS>B©, gmo¶m{~Z, Ádmar, haâm, Vya B. {nH$m§Mr Q>moH$U nÓVrZo noaUr H$aVm ¶oVo.
VgoM {e’$maerZwgma XmUoXma IVm§Mr ‘mÌm XoVm ¶oVo. XmoZ AmoitVrb VgoM XmoZ amonm§Vrb A§Va gmaIo amIVm ¶oVo. ¶m
¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 1.25 Vo 1.5 ho. à{V {Xdg BVH$s Amho.
nm°da {Q>ba MbrV Á¶moVr ~hþnrH$ Q>moH$U ¶§Ì
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AmoirVrb A§Va 22.5, 30 AWdm 45 g|.‘r. amIVm ¶oVo. ho ¶§Ì 12 Aíde³VrÀ¶m nm°da {Q>baZo Mmb{dbo OmVo. ¶m
¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 0.75 Vo 1.0 ho³Q>a à{V {Xdg BVH$s Amho.
Q>°´³Q>aMbrV ’w$bo gar da§~m ~hþ{nH$ Q>moH$U ¶§Ì
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H$aVm ¶oVo. VgoM garÀ¶m XmoZhr ~mOybm Q>moH$U nÕVrZo {~¶mÊ¶m§Mr noaUr H$aVm ¶oVo. garÀ¶m A§VamZwgma bmJdS>rMo
A§Va ~XbVm ¶oVo. ho ¶§Ì 55 Aíde³VrÀ¶m Q´>°³Q>ada MmbVo. ¶m ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 0.45 ho³Q>a à{V Vmg AgyZ
H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr joÌmgmR>r ¶m ¶§ÌmMr {deof {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.
~¡bMbrV ~hþCÔoer¶ eoVr ’w$bo AdOma Mm¡H$Q> gmocmnya eoVr (¶§Ì)
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao Ádmar, gw¶©’w$b, H$aS>B©, Vya, ‘H$m, ^wB©‘wJ, haâm B. {nH$m§Mr noaUr H$aVm ¶oVo. VgoM ¶m ¶§ÍmmÛmao Hw$idUr d
’$UUr gwÕm H$aVm ¶oVo.XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 30 Vo 45 g|.‘r. amIVm ¶oVo. ho ¶§Ì EH$ ~¡bOmoS>rÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo MmbUmao
AgyZ H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr joÌmgmR>r ¶m ¶§ÌmMr {deof {e’$mag H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho. ¶m ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 2.33 ho³Q>a à{V
{Xdg BVH$s Amho.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 335

Am§Va ‘emJVrgmR>r AdOmao
~¡bMbrV ’w$bo D$g Am§Va‘emJV AdOma
¶m AdOmamMm Cn¶moJ D$g {nH$m‘Ü¶o JdV H$mT>Uo, A§mVa‘emJV Am{U â XoÊ¶mgmR>r hmoVmo. ho AdOma dOZmZo hbHo$
Agë¶mZo ~¡bOmoS>rZo ghO AmoT>bo OmVo. XmoZ AmoirVrb A§Va 90 Vo 100 g§o. ‘r. AgUmè¶m D$g {nH$mgmR>r Cn¶w³V
Amho.
gm¶H$b H$moino
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AmoirVrb qZXUr H$aÊ¶mgmR>r dmnaÊ¶mV ¶oVo. EH$ {Xdgm§V hmoUmao joÌ 0.15 Vo 0.20 ho³Q>a
XmVoar hmV H$moino
¶m H$moiß¶m‘Ü¶o XmVoar MmH$ VU {T>bo H$aÊ¶mgmR>r dmnabo OmVo. H$moiß¶mMo nmVo {d{eð> H$moZm‘Ü¶o ~g{dbobo AgyZ
Ë¶mMr bm§~r 20 g|.‘r. Amho. nmË¶mÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo {T>bo Pmbobo VU H$mT>bo OmVo. H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr joÌmgmR>r ¶m ¶§ÌmMr
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‘mZdMbrV eoVH$m‘mgmR>r Cn¶w³V AdOmao

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Ádmar, ^mV, Jhÿ B. {nH$m§À¶m H$mnUrgmR>r ¶m XmVoar {dù¶mMm Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. ¶mbm dma§dma Yma bmdÊ¶mMr JaO Zmhr.
‘H$m gmobUr ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmMm Cn¶moJ ‘³¶mÀ¶m dmiboë¶m H$Ugm§Mr XmUo H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r hmoVmo. EH$ ‘Oya 200 {H$bmo ‘³¶mMr H$Ugo EH$m
{XdgmV gmobVmo. VgoM ho ¶§Ì AmH$mamZo bhmZ d dOZmZo hbHo$ Agë¶m‘wio hmVmV ghOnUo, OmñV l‘ Z nS>Vm YaVm ¶oVo. ho
¶§Ì l‘ H$‘r H$aUmao d doioMr ~MV H$aUmao Agë¶mZo bhmZ à‘mUmda ‘H$m gmobÊ¶mgmR>r AË¶§V Cn¶w³V Amho.
^|S>r H$mÌr
¶m H$mÌr‘wio ^|S>r H$mT>Vm§Zm bd Q>moMV Zmhr. ^|S>r VmoS>UrMo H$m‘ nma§nm[aH$ nÕVrnojm XþnQ>rZo hmoVo. ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm
50 Vo 60 {H$.J«°./{Xdg
^wB©‘wJ e|Jm ’$moS>Ur ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao ^wB©‘wJ e|Jm ’$moS>Ê¶mMm doJ dmTy>Z l‘ d n¡gm dmMVmo. ^wB©‘wJ XmUo ’w$Q>rMo à‘mU gmYmaUnUo 6 Vo 8 Q>¸o$ AgVo
d Vo ImÊ¶mg dmnê$ eH$VmV. ¶§ÌmVyZ {ZKmcoco nwU© e|JXmUo {~¶mUo åhUyZ dmnaVm ¶oVmV. ¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao EH$m VmgmV 45-50
{H$cmo e|Jm ’$moS>ë¶m OmVmV.
Zmai gmobUr ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§Ìm‘wio Zmai ghO[aË¶m gmobVm ¶oVmV d Zmaimdarb H$dM H$R>rU Agë¶m‘wio nma§nm[aH$ nÓVrnojm 50 Vo 60
Zmai gmobbo OmVmV. ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 250 Vo 300 Zmai /{Xdg.
336Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Am¡fYr dZñnVrÀ¶m ’$im§Mo H$dM ’$moS>Ur ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmÛmao {haS>m, ~ohS>m d [aR>m ¶m Am¡fYr dZñnVrÀ¶m ’$im§Mo H$dM ’$moS>Vm ¶oVo. nma§nmarH$ nÕVrnojm gXa ¶§ÌmZo
Am¡fYr dZñnVtÀ¶m ’$im§Mo H$dM ’$moS>Ê¶mgmR>r 50 Vo 60 Q>³Ho$ ~MV hmoVo. ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 6 Vo 8 {H$bmo /{Xdg.
’w$bo Ádmar H$mT>Ur ¶§Ì
¶m ¶§ÌmMm Cn¶moJ ÁdmarMo VmQ> ‘wimghrV H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r hmoVmo. ÁdmarÀ¶m VmQ>mMr OmS>r {H$Vrhr OmñV Agbr Var ¶m
¶§ÌmÛmao ghO e³¶ hmoVo. ¶§ÌmMr H$m¶©j‘Vm 8 Vo 10 Jw§Ro> ÁdmarMr VmQ>o /{Xdg.
Am§~m Pobm
Am§ã¶mMr VmoS>Ur ’$imbm BOm Z H$aVm H$aVm ¶oVo. H$‘r doimV OmñV ’$im§Mr VmoS>Ur H$aVm ¶oVo.
{MHw$ Pobm
{MHw$ ’$im§Mr VmoS>Ur H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶moJ hmoVmo. H$‘r doimV OmñV ’$im§Mr VmoS>Ur H$aVm ¶oVo.
eoVH$m_mgmR>r Cn`wº$ BVa AdOmao
Ho$irMo Iw§Q> ~marH$ H$aÊ`mMo `§Ì
Ho$irÀ`m Iw§Q>mMo ~marH$ VwH$S>o H$aÊ`mgmR>r `m `§ÌmMm Cn`moJ hmoVmo. ~marH$ Ho$bobo Ho$irÀ`m Iw§Q>mMr Hw$Å>r Jm§Sw>i IV
{Z{_©VrgmR>r dmnaVm òVo. Ë`mMà_mUo hr Hw$Å>r AmÀN>mXZ åhUyZ Cn`moJmV AmUVm òVo.
H$m`©j_Vm - 52 Iw§Q>/Vmg.
Q´>°³Q>aMbrV ’w$bo ‘mob Zm§Ja
‘mob Zm§JamMm Cn¶moJ ^mar H$mù¶m, jmanS> d nmUWi O{‘ZrVrb A{V[a³V nmÊ¶mMm Am{U jmam§Mm {ZMam H$aÊ¶mgmR>r
hmoVmo. ‘mob Zm§JamgmR>r 60 EMnr nojm A{YH$ Aíde³VrMm Q´>°³Q>a dmnaVmV.
{dÚwVMbrV \w$bo H$S>~m Hw$Å>r `§Ì
`m `§ÌmMm Cn`moJ Ádmar d _Š`mÀ`m Amoë`m AWdm dmiboë`m H$S>ã`mMr Hw$Å>r H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmoVmo. VgoM `m `§ÌmÛmao
D$gmMrhr Hw$Å>r Ho$br OmVo. ho `§Ì EH$ Aídeº$sÀ`m (qgJ \o$O) _moQ>marda MmbV AgyZ Aën d _Ü`_ XÿY CËnmXH$
eoVH$è`m§gmR>r \$m`Xoera Amho. `m `§ÌmMr Amoë`m Mmè`mgmR>r Hw$Å>r H$aÊ`mMr j_Vm 243 {H$bmoJ«°_/Vmg d dmiboë`m
Mmè`mMr 189 {H$bmoJ«°_/Vmg BVH$s Amho.
\w$bo nr ìhr gr ^mV bmdUr Mm¡H$Q>
`m `§ÌmMm Cn`moJ ^mVmÀ`m MmagwÌr V§ÌkmZmà_mUo 15 g|_r 25 g|_r A§Vamda nwZ©bmJdS> H$aÊ`mgmR>r hmoVmo. gXahÿ
\w$bo nr ìhr.gr. ^mV bmdUr Mm¡H$Q> dOZmbm hbH$s Agë`m_wio EH$m {R>H$mUmhÿZ XþgarH$S>o ZoÊ`mgmR>r gmoB©Mr Amho (1.20
_r 0.40 _r) VgoM `m `§ÌmÛmao {~«Ho$Q> IVo gwb^VoZo XoVm òVmV.
Cnamo³V AdOmam§À¶m A{YH$ ‘m{hVrgmR>r eoVH$ar ~m§Ydm§Zr Imbrb nË¶mda g§nH©$ gmYmdm
à‘wI g§emoYH$,
A{Ib ^maVr¶ g‘ÝdrV H¥${f AdOmao d ¶§Ìo g§emoYZ àH$ën,
S>m°. AÊUmgmho~ qeXo H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s ‘hm{dÚmb`,
‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar {nZ - 413722,
{Oëhm - Ah‘XZJa. \$moZ : 02426-243219
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 337

H¥${f AW©emó
1. ~mOma ‘m{hVr H|$Ð
H¥${f AW©emó {d^mJmV Zì¶mZo {XZm§H$ 23 Owb¡, 2012 amoOr ~mOma ‘m{hVr H|$ÐmMr ñWmnZm H$aÊ¶mV Ambr. ¶m
~mOma ‘m{hVr H|$ÐmÛmao XoemVrb d amÁ¶mVrb ~mOma g{‘Ë¶m§‘Yrb {d{dY eoVr‘mbmMo ~mOma ^md eoVH$è¶m§Zm CnbãY
hmoV AmhoV. ¶m ‘m{hVrÀ¶m AmYmao eoVH$è¶m§Zm Amnbm eoVr ‘mb H$moUË¶m ~mOma g{‘VrV Zoë¶mg amñV ^md {‘iob ho
R>a{dÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoV Amho. VgoM AW©emók ‘mJrb 20-25 dfm©À¶m ~mOma g{‘VrÀ¶m ~mOma ^mdmÀ¶m AmH$S>odmardê$Z
gÚn[a{ñWVrVrb H¥${f ‘mbmMo ~mOma ^mdm§À¶m A§XmOmMr ‘m{hVrhr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoUma AmhoV. ¶m ~mOma ‘m{hVr Ho$Ðm§Ûmao
^{dî¶mV eoV‘mbmÀ¶m qH$‘Vr H$m¶ amhVrb ¶mMmhr AMwH$ A§XmO XoÊ¶mV ¶oUma AmhoV. ¶m ‘m{hVr H|$ÐmVwZ ~mOma^mdmMr
‘m{hVr {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r g‘j qH$dm XÿaÜdZrÛmao 02426-243657 ¶m H«$‘m§H$mda H$m¶m©b¶rZ doioV eoVH$ar g§nH©$ H$ê$
eH$VmV.
2. H¥${f nUZ
H¥${f nUZ ì`dñWo‘Üò AZoH$ ~mOma godm§Mr JaO Agë`m‘wio ~mOma ì`dñWo‘Üò ~aoM ‘Ü`ñW H$m`©aV AgVmV.
Ë`m§Mm IM© Am{U Z\$m `m ~m~r H$moUË`mhr ~mOmanoR>oVrb eoV‘mbmÀ`m qH$‘Vr R>a{dÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ ‘hÎdmÀ`m R>aVmV.
eoV‘mb hm h§Jm‘r AgVmo, Zmed§Vhr AgVmo Am{U Vmo AZoH$ {R>H$mUr AZoH$ eoVH$è`m§Zr CËnmXrV Ho$bm Agë`m‘wio
Ë`mÀ`m {Z{‘©Vr, nwadR>m d àH$ma `mda eoVH$è`mg g§nyU© {Z`§ÌU R>odVm òV Zmhr, åhUyZ eoV‘mb {dH«$s H$aVmZm eoVH$è`mZo
AJmoXaH$moUVm ‘mb, {H$Vr à‘mUmV, H$moUË`m ñdénmV, Ho$ìhm d H$moR>o {dH«$sgmR>r nmR>dmdm B. ~m~tMo {Z`moOZ H$aUo \$ma
‘hÎdmMo R>aVo. eoVH$è`mg g§nyU© H¥${f nUZ ì`dñWoMr ‘m{hVr Va hdrM, na§Vw Xoem§VJ©V d Xoem~mhoarb doJdoJù`m
~mOmanoR>m, Ë`m§Mr ‘mJUr, nwadR>m d qH$‘Vr, J«mhH$m§Mr AmdS> `m ~m~tMr eoV‘mb {dH«$sMo `mo½` {ZU©` KoÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rH$moZmVyZ
‘m{hVr AgUo JaOoMo Amho. ‘mb Ho$ìhm, H$moR>o, {H$Vr à‘mUmV Am{U H$moUË`m ‘Ü`ñWm§‘m\©$V, {H$Vr qH$‘VrV {dH$Vmo, `mdaM
eoVH$è`mÀ`m ì`dgm`mMr àJVr Adb§~yZ AgVo.
^maV Xoe OmJVrH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoMm gXñ` Pmë`m‘wio Am{U Ë`m~amo~a Am{W©H$ CXmarH$aU, OmJVrH$sH$aUmMm
Adb§~ Ho$ë`m‘wio eoV‘mb {dH«$sMr ~mOmanoR> {dñVmarV Pmbr Amho. XoemMr A§VJ©V JaO ^mJdyZ eoV‘mb OmJVrH$
~mOmanoR>oV nmR>{dÊ`mgmR>r eoVH$è`m§Zr eoV‘mbmMr CËnmXH$Vm Am{U JwUdÎmm dmT>{dÊ`mMo à`ËZ Va Ho$boM nm{hOoV, na§Vw `m
ñnY}V nwT>o amhÊ`mgmR>r à{V hoŠQ>a / à{V q¹$Q>b / à{V ZJ CËnmXZ IM© H$‘r H$aÊ`mgmR>r gwYmarV V§ÌkmZmMmhr Adb§~
Ho$bm nm{hOo. ^maVr` eoVH$è`m§Mo {hV OnÊ`mgmR>r, OmJ{VH$sH$aU d Am{W©H$ CXmarH$aUmMo \$m`Xo {‘idyZ XoÊ`mgmR>r
XoemVrb H¥${f‘mb {dnUZ ì`dñWoV ZdrZ gwYmaUm§Zm doJ Ambm Amho. H¥${f {Z`m©V joÌm§Mr ñWmnZm, AmXe© ~mOma H$m`Xm
(‘m°S>ob A°ŠQ>), H$ama eoVr H$m`Xm, H¥${f ‘mbmgmR>r dm`Xo~mOma BË`mXr gwYmaUm§‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zm eoV‘mb {dH«$sgmR>r {d{dY
n`m©` CnbãY Pmbo AmhoV.
3. H¥${f nVnwadR>m
H¥${f AW©emómVrb g§emoYZmdéZ Ago ñnï> hmoVo H$s, H¥${f nVnwadR>m doioda, nwaoem à‘mUmV d `mo½` H$maUmgmR>r
Pmbm Va Ë`m‘wio eoVr ì`dgm`mV gwYmaUm KSy>Z òVmV, Ë`m‘wio eoVr ì`dgm`mV ^m§S>dbr Jw§VdUyH$ H$aVm òVo d Ë`mM~amo~a
gwYmarV eoVr nÕVrMm d ZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ H$éZ CËnmXZmV dmT> H$aVm òVo.
amÁ¶mVrb eoVH$è¶m§Zm emgZmH$Sy>Z {d{dY ~±H$m VgoM ghH$mar g§ñWm‘m’©$V Aën‘wXVrMr H$O©o, nVnwadR>m BË¶mXr§À¶m
‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {d{ËV¶ ghmæ¶ Ho$bo OmVo. XoemVrb amï´>r¶ H¥${f d J«m‘rU {dH$mg ~±H$ (Zm~mS>©) hr g§ñWm eoVr d J«m‘ {dH$mgmg
hmV^ma bmdyZ CÎmoOZ XoUmar Am{U H¥${f joÌmÀ¶m {dH$mgmV ‘hËdmMr ^y{‘H$m ~OmdUmar {eIa ~±H$ Amho. gZ 2013-14
‘Ü¶o dm{UpÁ¶H$ ~±H$m, àmXo{eH$ J«m‘rU ~±H$m, ‘hmamï´> amÁ¶ ghH$mar ~°H$ / {Oëhm ‘Ü¶dVu ghH$mar ~±H$ / ^y{dH$mg ~±H$
¶m gd© ~±H$mZr {‘iyZ 39,684 H$moQ>r én¶mMo H$O©o {Xbr AmhoV. gZ 2013 - 14 ‘Ü¶o bhmZ d gr‘m§{VH$ eoVH$è¶m§Zm
àmW{‘H$ H¥${f ghH$mar nV nwadR>m g§ñWoÛmao é. 4279 H$moQ>r én¶mMo H$O©o {dVarV H$aÊ¶mV Ambo hmoVo.
338 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

4. amï´>r` H¥${f {d‘m `moOZm
amï´>r` H¥${f {d‘m `moOZm aã~r 1999-2000 nmgyZ H|$Ð emgZmÀ¶m ‘mJ©Xe©H$ gwMZm§Zwgma amÁ`mV joÌ hm KQ>H$ Yê$Z
gwê$ H$aÊ`m§V Amcr Amho.
¶moOZoMm CÔoe -
* Z¡g{J©H$ AmnËVr, {H$S>r Am{U amoJm‘wio {nH$m§Mo ZwH$gmZ Pmë¶mg ZwH$gmZrÀ¶m à‘mUmV eoVH$è¶mbm {d‘m g§ajU XoUo.
* {nH$m§À¶m ZwH$gmZrÀ¶m AË¶§V H$R>rU n[apñWVrVhr eoVH$è¶m§Mo Am{W©H$ ñW¡¶© A~m{YV amIUo.
`moOZoV g‘m{dï> {nHo$
A.H«$. h§Jm‘ V¥UYmÝ¶ d H$S>YmÝ¶ {nHo$ JirV YmÝ¶ ZJXr {nHo$
1 Iarn ^mV, Iarn Ádmar, ~mOar, ZmMUr, H$maio, ^wB©‘wJ, H$mnyg, D$g,
h§Jm‘ ‘H$m, Vya, ‘wJ, CS>rX Vri, gmo¶m~rZ, Iarn H$m§Xm
(EHw$U (8 {nHo$) gy¶©’w$b (3 {nHo$)
16 {nHo$) (5 {nHo$)
2 aã~r h§Jm‘ CÝhmir ^mV, Jhÿ (~m. d {O.) CÝhmir ^wB©‘wJ, aã~r H$m§Xm
(EHw$U aã~r Ádmar (~m. d {O.), haâm H$aS>B©, gy¶©’w$b (1 {nH$)
8 {nHo$) (4 {nHo$) (3 {nHo$)
`moOZoMr d¡{eîR>ço
1. H$O©Xma d {~Ja H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§Zm `moOZm EopÀN>H$ ñdénmMr Amho.
2. {d‘m g§a{jV aŠH$‘oMr ì`már dmT>dyZ Ë`m§Mr gm§JS> gamgar CËnÞ d {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vrer KmcÊ`mV Amcocr
Amho. Ë`m‘wio nrH$ H$O© aH$‘oMo ~§YZ AmnmoAmn Zm[hgo hmoVo.
3. eoVH$è`m§Zm, gd©gmYmaU OmXm nrH$ g§a{jV aŠH$‘, gamgar CËnÞmÀ`m 150 % {d‘m g§ajU CncãY Amho.
4. {d{dY {nH$m§Mo amOñd ‘§S>i {Zhm` C§~aR>m CËnÞ qH$dm h‘r CËnÞ, Ë`m {nH$m§Mo ‘mJrc 3 Vo 5 dfm©Mo gamgar CËnÞ
Am{U Ë`m {nH$m§Mm Omo{I‘ñVa {dMmamV KoD$Z [ZpíMV H$aÊ`mV òVo.
5. ImVoXmam§Mo ì`{V[aŠV Hw$im§gmR>r gwÜXm hr `moOZm Iwcr R>odÊ`mV Amcocr Amho.
{d‘m g§ajUmÀ¶m ~m~r
A) Z¡g{JH$ AmJ, drO H$mogiUo ~) JmanrQ>, MH«$sdmXi, A{Vd¥ï>r
H$) nya, ^yñIcZ, XþîH$mi S>) {H$S> d amoJ B.
{d‘m hám Xa
gd©gmYmaU - Iarn V¥UYmÝ¶o d H$S>YmÝ¶o - 2.5% (~mOar - 3.5%), Iarn JirV YmÝ¶o - 3.5%
aã~r V¥UYmÝ¶o, H$S>YmÝ¶o d JirV YmÝ¶o - 2% (Jhÿ - 1.5%), ZJXr {nHo$ - dmñVdXeu Xa, H$mnyg -5.55%,
H$m§Xm - 4.05%, D$g - AmS>gmbr 6.60%, nwd©h§Jm‘r 6.35%, gwê$ - 7.40%, ImoS>dm - 7.95%
{d‘m hám AZwXmZ -
A) Cd©[aV ‘hmamï´> - àË¶oH$ {nH$mgmR>r doJdoJim {d‘m hßVm AgyZ, Aën d AË¶ën ^yYmaH$m§gmR>r nrH$ {d‘m hßVm aH$‘oV
10% AZyXmZ XoÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
~) {dX^© n°Ho$O - {dX^m©Vrb 6 {Oëô¶m§gmR>r (~wbT>mUm, A‘amdVr, AH$mobm, dm{e‘, ¶dV‘mi d dYm©) amÁ¶ emgZmZo
Kmo{fV Ho$boë¶m {deof n°Ho$OZwgma H$nmer {nH$mgmR>r Aën d AË¶ën ^yYmaH$m§gmR>r {nH$ {d‘m hßVm aH$‘oV 75%
AZyXmZ XoÊ¶mV ¶oVo. Va BVa eoVH$è¶m§Zm 50% AZwXmZ XoÊ¶mV ¶oVo. VgoM BVa A{Ygy{MV {nH$m§gmR>r Aën d AË¶ën
^yYmaH$m§gmR>r {nH$ {d‘m hßVm aH$‘oV 50% AZyXmZ XoÊ¶mV ¶oVo.
O‘m Pmcoë`m {d‘m hßË`mMo 2.5 Q>ŠHo$$ aŠH$‘ hr godmewëH$ åhUyZ ~±H$m§Zm {Xcr OmVo.
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 339

ZwH$gmZ ânmB© aŠH$‘ O‘m {d‘m hßË`mnojm OmñV Amë`mg OmXm Amcocr aŠH$‘ hr 1:1 `m à‘mUm§V H|$Ð emgZ d amÁ`
emgZmH$Sy>Z XoÊ`mV òVo. ZwH$gmZ ânmB© R>a{dÊ`mMo gyÌ Imcrcà‘mUo Amho.
C§~aR>m CËnÞ - gamgar CËnÞ
ZwH$gmZ ânmB© = {d‘m g§a{jV aŠH$‘
C§~aR>m CËnÞ
C§~aR>m CËnÞ ho g§~§{YV A{Ygw{MV joÌmVrc A{Ygw{MV {nH$mÀ`m ‘mJrc 5 dfm©À`m (^mV d Jhÿ {nH$m§gmR>r
dfm©À`m) gamgar CËnÞmg OmoIr‘ñVamZo Amcoco CËnÞ AgVo. OmoIr‘ñVa hm g§~§YrV {nH$mÀ`m ‘mJrc 10 dfm©Vrc gamgar
CËnÞmÀ`m MT>CVmamZwgma {ZpíMV Ho$cm OmVmo. gamgar CËnÞmMr AmH$S>odmar, Xadfu nrH$ gìh}jU `moOZoA§VJ©V KoÊ`mV
òUmè`m nrH$ H$mnUr à`moJmdê$Z Amcoë`m {ZîH$fm©Zwgma KoVcr OmVo.
newYZ {d_m `moOZm
newYZ {d_m `moOZm hr H|$Ð nwañH¥$V AgyZ amÁ`mV gZ 2006-07 nmgyZ _hmamï´> newYZ {dH$mg _hm_§S>im_m\©$V
Xwhoar CÔoemZo am~{dÊ`mV òV Amho. Ogo eoVH$ar d _|T>nmim§Zm Ë`m§À`mH$So> CnbãY Agboë`m OZmdam§Mm AmH$pñ_H$ _¥Ë`y_wio
hmoUmè`m ZwH$gmZmnmgyZ g§ajU XoUo hm Amho.
`m `moOZoA§VJ©V {d_m hßË`mÀ`m 50 Q>ŠHo$ aŠH$_ H|$Ðr` ghmæ`m_YyZ {Xbr OmVo d Cd©[aV 50 Q>ŠHo$ aŠH$_
newYZmÀ`m _mbH$mZo âmd`mMr AgVo. gZ 2013-14 _Üò ê$nò 1 H$moQ>r {dVarV Ho$bo. gZ 2013-14 _Üò 16,973
OZmdam§Mm {d_m CVa{dÊ`mV Ambm, 1267 Xmdo {ZH$mbr H$mT>Ê`mV Ambo Am{U bm^mÏ`mªZm ê$nò 2.47 H$moQ>r {dVarV
H$aÊ`mV Ambo. gXa `moOZm 2014-15 _Üòhr Mmby R>odÊ`mV Ambr Amho.
eoVH$ar OZVm AnKmV {d_m `moOZm
eoVH$è`m§Mo eoVmV H$m_ H$aVmZm qH$dm Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr_wio eoVH$è`mbm BOm Pmë`mg qH$dm Ë`mM _¥Ë`w Pmë`mg
AnKmVJ«ñV eoVH$è`m§À`m Xþ…Ir Hw$Qw>§{~`mZm Am{W©H$ _XV H$aÊ`mgmR>r amÁ`memgZo hr `moOZm gwé Ho$br. `m `moOZo A§VJ©V
13 àH$maÀ`m AnKmVm§gmR>r {d_m g§ajU XoÊ`mV òVo. gZ 2014-15 _Üò {d_m hßË`mgmR>r emgZmMo énò 15.81 H$moQ>r
a¸$_ {d_m H§$nÝ`m§Zm AXm Ho$br.
hdm_mZ AmYmarV \$i{nH$ {d_m `moOZm
hdm_mZ AYm[aV \$i{nH$ {d_m `moOZoMr gwédmV gZ 2007 nmgyZ Pmbr. H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§Zm hr `moOZm ~§YZH$maH$
Amho. Va {~Ja H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§Zm hr `moOZm EopÀN>H$ Amho. ~XbVo hdm_mZ, Anwam d Adoir nmD$g, gmnoj AmÐ©Vm, JmanrQ>
BË`mXr {ZH$fm§À`m AmYmao hm nrH$ {d_m H$mT>bm OmVmo d nrH$ ZwH$gmZrÀ`m `m H${R>U n[añWrV hr eoVH$è`m§Mo Am{W©H$ ñW¡`©
Am~m{YV amIbo OmVo. hdm_mZ AmYmarV nrH$ {då`mMr ZwH$gmZ ânmB© VwbZoZo amï´>r` nrH$ {d_m `moOZonojm bdH$a d Á`m
à_mUmV ZwH$gmZ Pmbo Ë`mà_mUmV {_iV Agë`m_wio hr {d_m `moOZm eoVH$è`m§Zm AË`§V \$m`ÚmMr R>aV Amho. `m {d_m
`moOZo_Üò \$º$ \$i{nHo$M ZgyZ AÞYmÝ` d H$S>YmÝ` {nH$m§Mmhr g_mdoe H$aÊ`mV Ambm Amho.
{d_m hßË`mnmoQ>r âmì`m bmJUmè`m aH$_oda emgZ gyQ> XoV Agë`m_wio hr `moOZm {g_m§V d bhmZ eoVH$è`m§gmR>r EH$
g§OrdUrM Amho. `m `moOZoÀ`m gwédmVrnmgyZ Iarn 2007-08 Vo aã~r 2011-12 n`ªV 12,370 bmI eoVH$è`m§Zr 338
bmI hoŠQ>a joÌmgmR>r 64,905 H$amoS> én`m§Mm {d_m CVadbm Amho. Ë`mn¡H$s 3208 H$amoS> énò A~m{YV e§VH$è`m§Zm XoÊ`mV
Ambo AmhoV. hdm_mZ AmYm[aV nrH$ {d_m `moOZmA§VJ©V aã~r h§Jm_mVrb A{Ygw{MV nrHo$, {d_m g§a{jV a¸$_ Imbrb
à_mUo am{hb.
A{Ygy{MV joÌmVrb A{Ygw{MV {nH$mgmR>r {d{dY hdm_mZ KQ>H$mnmgyZ XoÊ`mV òUmao {d_m g§ajUmMr ~m~{Zhm`
à_mUHo$ d {d_m g§ajU H$mbmdYr gmo~V ghn{ÌV Ho$bm Amho.
{d_m hám Xa d {d_m hám AZwXmZ
H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m _mJ©Xe©H$ gwMZoZwgma {d_m hám XamMr aã~r h§Jm_mgmR>r H$_mb _`m©Xm 8 Q>¸o$ Amho. ^maVr` H¥${f {d_m
H§$nZrZo Jhÿ {nH$mgmR>r é. 20000/-{d_m g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hám Xa 7.00 Q>¸o$, Ádmar {nH$mgmR>r é. 18000/-
{d_m g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hám Xa 8.00 Q>¸o$ d haâm {nH$mgmR>r énò 20000/- {d_m g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hßVm Xa
7.50Q>¸o$ {Xbobm Amho.
`m `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§Zr YmaU Ho$bobo joÌ {dMmamV Z KoVm Imbrb Vnerbmà_mUo H|$Ð d
amÁ`memgZmZo {d_m hám AZwXmZ g_à_mUmV Xo` am{hb.
340 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{d_m g§a{jV {d_m hám àVr ho.
nrH$ a¸$_ {d_m g§a{jV ~m~r {d_m g§a{jV
é./ho.) Q>¸o$dmar a¸$_ é. a¸$_ é.
Jhÿ 20000 7.00 1400 1. Vmn_mZ (A{V) 8000
2. Adoir/AVr nmD$g 8000
3. amoJmbm AZwHy$b hdm_mZ 4000
Ádmar 18000 8.00 1440 1. Vmn_mZ (A{V) 5400
2. Vmn_mZ (H$_r) 7200
3. AmÐ©Vm 1800
haâm 18000 7.50 1500 1. Vmn_mZ (A{V) 8000
2. Vmn_mZ (H$_r) 4000
4. amoJmbm AZwHy$b hdm_mZ 4000
A{Ygy{MV joÌmVrb A{Ygw{MV {nH$mgmR>r {d{dY hdm_mZ KQ>H$mnmgyZ XoÊ`mV òUmao {d_m g§ajUmMr ~m~{Zhm` à_mUHo$
d {d_m g§ajU H$mbmdYr gmo~V ghn{ÌV Ho$bm Amho.
{d_m hám Xa d {d_m hám AZwXmZ
H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m _mJ©Xe©H$ gwMZoZwgma {d_m hám XamMr aã~r h§Jm_mgmR>r H$_mb _`m©Xm 8 Q>¸o$ Amho. ^maVr` H¥${f {d_m
H§$nZrZo Jhÿ {nH$mgmR>r é. 20000/-{d_m g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hám Xa 7.00 Q>¸o$, Ádmar {nH$mgmR>r é. 18000/- {d_m
g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hám Xa 8.00 Q>¸o$ d haâm {nH$mgmR>r énò 20000/- {d_m g§a{jV aH$_ogmR>r {d_m hßVm Xa
7.50Q>¸o$ {Xbobm Amho.
`m `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoUmè`m gd© eoVH$è`m§Zm Ë`m§Zr YmaU Ho$bobo joÌ {dMmamV Z KoVm Imbrb Vnerbmà_mUo H|$Ð d
amÁ`memgZmZo {d_m hám AZwXmZ g_à_mUmV Xo` am{hb.
A.H«$. {d_m hám Xa {d_m hám AZwXmZ (H|$Ð d amÁ` emgZ 50…50 AZwXmZ)
1. 2 Q>¸o$n`ªV Zmhr
2. > 2 Vo 5 Q>¸o$ 25 Q>¸o$

(eoVH$è`m§Zr {H$_mZ 2 Q>¸o$ {d_m hám âUo Amdí`H$ Amho.)
3. > 5 Vo 8 Q>¸o$ 40 Q>¸o$

(eoVH$è`m§Zr {H$_mZ 3.75 Q>¸o$ {d_m hám âUo Amdí`H$ Amho.)
4. > 8 Q>¸o$ 50 Q>¸o$

(eoVH$è`m§Zr {H$_mZ 4.8 Q>¸o$ d OmñVrV OmñV 6 Q>¸o$ {d_m hám âUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 341

{d_mYmaH$ eoVH$è`m§Mr H$V©ìò d O~m~Xmè`m
1. H$O©Xma e§VH$è`m§gmR>r hr `moOZm A{Ygy{MV {nH$mgmR>r gº$sMr amhUma AgyZ H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§Zr Ë`m§Mm H$O©_mJUrÀ`m
AOm©_Üò Z_wX Ho$boë`m {nH$mgmR>r Z_wX Ho$boë`m joÌmgmR>r {d_m g§ajU KoUo ~§YZH$maH$ amhrb.
2. H$O©Xma e§VH$è`m§Zr nrH$ {Z`moOZm_Üò H$mhr ~Xb Pmë`mg noaUrZ§Va EH$ AmR>dS>çmÀ`m AmV g§~§YrV ~±Ho$g H$idmdo.
3. {~Ja H$O©Xma eoVH$è`m§Zm `moOZoV gh^mJr hmoÊ`mgmR>r Imbrbà_mUo AQ>r amhVrb.
A) àm{YH¥$V Ho$boë`m ~±Ho$V e§VH$è`m§Zr ñdV§Ì ImVo CKS>mdo.
~) eoVH$è`m§Zr OdiÀ`m àm{YH¥$V ~±H$m/àmW{_H$ H¥${f ghH$mar g§ñWm, g§~§YrV {d_m H§$nZrMo H$m`m©b` qH$dm {d_m
à{V{ZYtMr g§nH©$ gmYyZ {dhrV ànÌmV {då`mMm àñVmd gmXa H$amdm.
H$) e§VH$è`m§Zr {d_m àñVmdm_Üò Amnë`m O{_ZrMm gìh} Z§. Z_wX H$amdm.
S>) e§VH$è`m§Zr YmaU Ho$boë`m O{_ZrMm nwamdm åhUyZ 7/12 CVmam/noaUr Ho$ë`mMo à_mUnÌ {d_m àñVmdmgmo~V XoUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.
B) e§VH$è`m§Zr A{Ygw{MV {nH$mgmR>r EH$m joÌmgmR>r EH$XmM Am{U EH$mM {d_m H§$nZrH$Sy>Z {d_m g§ajU KoUo ~§YZH$maH$
Amho. Oa Ë`mZo EH$mM joÌmgmR>r XmoZ qH$dm Ë`mnojm A{YH$ {d_m g§ajU EH$mM qH$dm doJdoJù`m {d_m H§$nZrH$Sy>Z KoVbo
Va Ë`mMm O_m {d_m hám Oá H$ê$Z Ë`mÀ`mda H$m`Xoera H$madmB© H$aÊ`mV òB©b.
nrH$ CËnmXZ IM©

nrH$ CËnmXZ IMm©À`m ‘m{hVrMm Cn`moJ eoV‘mbmÀ`m {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr R>a{dÊ`mg hmoVmo. A{bH$S>o amÁ`
emgZmZo gwê$ Ho$boë`m amï>´>r` `moOZoÀ`m èñdr A§‘b~OmdUrgmR>r gXaMr ‘m{hVr Cn`wº$ R>aVo. åhUyZ eoVH$è`m§Zr nrH$
CËnmXZ IMm©Mr ‘m{hVr doiMo doir gmo~VÀ`m ànÌH$m‘Üò (Vº$m 1) {b{hUo Amdí`H$ Amho. nrH$ CËnmXZ IMm©‘Üò
amoO§XmarÀ`m ‘Zwî` d ~¡b eº$rMm dmna, `§Ìo, ~r-~r`mUo, g|{Ð` d amgm`{ZH$ IVo, ObqgMZ, nrH$ g§ajU, IoiË`m
^m§S>dbmdarb ì`mO hm àË`j Va, O{‘ZrMm I§S> d Kgmam, Hw$Qw>§~mVrb ‘Zwî`~i `m§Mr ‘Owar BË`mXr ~m~tdarb IM© hm
AàË`j R>aVmo. `m gd© ~m~tdarb IMm©Mm {dMma nrH$ CËnmXZ IM© H$mT>VmZm H$amdm bmJVmo.
342 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

nrH$ CËnmXZ IM© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r ànÌH$ Z‘yZm
Vº$m 1 {nH$mMo Zmd … dmU … joÌ (hoŠQ>a) …
VmarI H$m_mMm Vn{eb dmnabobo gm{hË` (_mb
KaMr _mUgo d
~¡b
àH$ma/ {H$Vr {dH$VMo qH$_V nw. ór. ~¡b
Zmd {H$bmo/ AJa (énò) OmoS>r
q¹$Q>b KaMo
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
nrH$ CËnmXZ IM© H$mT>Ê`mgmR>r ànÌH$ Z‘yZm

h§Jm‘ … noaUrMr {X. … H$mnUr/H$mT>Ur {X.…
bmJbobo _Oya (VmgmV) EHy$U _Oyar (énò) `§ÌmMo Vmg d _Owar EHy$U IM©
gmdS>rZo / ~XbrZo amoO§XmarMo _Oya (é.)
8,18,19,
nw. ór. ~¡b nw. ór. ~¡b nw. ór. ~¡b `§ÌmMo _mbH$sMo ^mS>moÌr `§Ì
20 d 24
OmoS>r OmoS>r OmoS>r Zmd `§ÌmMo Vmg ^mS>o Mr ~oarO
Vmg (é.)
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
_w»` CËnmXZ … q¹$Q>b énò

Xwæ`_ CËnmXZ … q¹$Q>b
EHy$U …
Q>rn … àËòH$ {nH$mgmR>r ñdV§Ì Vº$m dmnamdm
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 343

EH$mË‘rH$ H¥${f ì`dñWmnZ
^maVr` A§XmOnÌH$mV àmW[‘H$ joÌ åhUyZ eoVrbm ‘hÎd àmá Amho. XoemMr EH§$XarV Am{W©H$ àJVr ‘w»`Ëdo eoVrÀ`m
àJVrda Adb§~yZ Amho. ho Oar Iao Agbo, Var AÚmnhr eoVrbm ì`dgm`mMo ñdén àmá Pmbobo Zmhr. Aem n[apñWVrV 1
OmZodmar, 1995 nmgyZ OmJ{VH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>Zm ApñVËdmV Amë`m‘wio eoV‘mb CËnmXZmbm OmJVrH$ ~mOmanoR> CnbãY
Pmbr Amho. `m‘wio eoVH$è`m§g‘moa AmUIrZM Jw§VmJw§VrMr n[apñWVr {Z‘m©U Pmbr Amho. AmVmn`ªV eoVr‘mbmMo CËnmXZ,
{dnUZ d BVa ~m~r na§namJV nÕVrZoM Ho$ë`m OmV hmoË`m. na§Vw `m OmJVrH$ n[apñWVrbm Vm|S> Úmd`mMo Agob Va
eoVH$è`m§Zm EH$mË‘rH$ H¥${f ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZmH$S>o diUo hr H$mimMr JaO Amho. EH$mË‘rH$ eoVr ì`dgm`
ì`dñWmnZm‘Üò EH$mM doir àm‘w»`mZo Imbrb ~m~tMm {dMma H$aÊ`mV òVmo.
1. H¥${f CËnmXZ
AmO ~XbË`m n[apñWVrZwgma eoVH$è`m§Zr nrH$ nÕVrV ~Xb H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amho. `mV Xoe nmVirda Am{U
OmJVrH$ nmVirda ‘moR>çm à‘mUmV ‘mJUr AgUmè`m H¥${f ‘mbmMoM CËnmXZ KoUo \$m`Xoera R>é eH$Vo. {d{dY
{nH$m§Imbrb joÌmda n`m©`mZo CËnmXZmda bmoH$emhr Xoem‘Üò H$moUË`mM àH$maMo {Z`§ÌU Zmhr. Ë`m‘wio EImXo nrH$
Iyn \$m`ÚmMo Amho Ago g‘Obo H$s gd© eoVH$ar Ë`mMr bmJdS> / noaUr H$aVmV. Ë`mMo ânya CËnmXZ hmoVo d n`m©`mZo
Ë`mÀ`m qH$‘Vr T>mgiVmV. eoVH$è`m§g \$m`Xm hmoÊ`mEodOr VmoQ>mM hmoVmo. Ë`m‘wio eoVH$è`m§Zr gmamgma {dMma H$éZM
{d{dY {nH$m§Imbrb joÌmMo {Z`moOZ H$amdo, OoUoH$éZ H$‘r ^md (qH$‘V) {‘iÊ`mMo YmoHo$ Q>miVm òVrb. VgoM CËnmXZ
nÕVrVhr eoVH$ar ~§YwZr ZdZdrZ V§ÌkmZmMm Adb§~ H$éZ CËnmXH$Vm Am{U XOm© `m~m~V àm{dÊ` {‘i{dbo nm{hOo.
EH§$XarV {dMma H$éZ Á`m {nH$m‘Üò à{V hoŠQ>ar {Zìdi Z\$m OmñV Amho, Aem {nH$mImbr OmñVrV OmñV joÌ AmUmdo.
H¥${f CËnmXZ à{H«$òV H¥${f {Z{dð>m§Zm (Inputs) \$ma ‘hÎd Amho. eoVH$ar ~§Yw§Zr XO}Xma CËnmXZmgmR>r gwédmVrnmgwZM
I~aXmar KoD$Z XO}Xma {Z{dð>m§M dmnaë`m nm{hOoV. `mV ‘w»`Ëdo amgm`ZrH$ IVo, amgm`ZrH$ {H$Q>H$ZmeHo$ Am{U gwYmarV
Am¡Omao `m§Mm àm‘w»`mZo {dMma H$amdm. `m {Z{dð>m `mo½` {R>H$mUmhÿZ ¿`mì`mV VgoM `mo½` qH$‘VrÀ`m Am{U `mo½` XOm©À`m
AmhoV, `mMr ImÌr H$amdr.
2. H¥${f nUZ
eoV‘mb {dH«$s hm H¥${f CËnmXZ à{H$òMmM EH$ A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Amho. H$mhr H¥${f CËnmXZo CXm. Ádmar, ~mOar, Jhÿ,
haâm, Vya, gmo`m~rZ, ^wB©‘yJ e|J BË`mXr àË`j ~mOmanoR>oV nmR>{dÊ`mnydu àmW{‘H$ àVdmar VgoM Ë`m§Mr ñdÀN>Vm H$aUo
Amdí`H$ AgVo. `m gmÜ`m Jmoï>r‘wiohr Ë`m§Zm Mm§Jbr qH$‘V / ^md {‘iy eH$Vmo. VgoM H$mhr eoVr CËnmXZo CXm. \$io,
^mOrnmbm, \w$bo B. Oa {Z`m©V H$amd`mMr AgVrb Va Ë`mgmR>r Ë`m§À`m bmJdS>rnmgyZM {Z`moOZ H$éZ Ë`m§Mo CËnmXZ Ho$bo
nm{hOo. `mV eoVH$è`m§Zr {Z`m©VrgmR>r Amdí`H$ Agboë`m gd© g§~§YrV ~m~tMm gwédmVrnmgyZM {dMma H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
VgoM eoV‘mb {dH«$s‘Üò eoVH$è`m§Zr ‘mJrb h§Jm‘mV ^mOrnmë`m§Mr, \$im§Mr à‘wI ~mOmanoR>oV Pmbobr AmdH$, Ë`m§Mo
~mOma^md Am{U Ë`m§À`m {Z`m©Vr~m~VMr g{dñVa ‘m{hVr H$éZ KoUo, gÜ`mÀ`m n[apñWVrV H«$‘àmá Pmbo Amho. H$moUË`m
~mOmanoR>oV, H$moUË`m eoVr‘mbmbm, Ho$ìhm OmñV ‘mJUr AgVo d Ho$ìhm Ë`m§Mm VwQ>dS>m AgVmo `mMm {dMma H$éZ ‘m{hVr
KoD$Z {nH$mImbrb joÌmMo {Z`moOZ H$éZ CËnmXZ ¿`mdo.
3. H¥${f nVì`dñWmnZ
eoVH$ar {d{dY {nHo$ KoVmV. Ë`mgmR>r doimodoir n¡emMr Amdí`H$Vm AgVo. VgoM eoVr gwYmaUogmR>r XrK© ‘wXVrÀ`m
^m§S>dbmMr JaO {Z‘m©U hmoVo. AemàH$mao eoVr ì`dgm`mgmR>r Aën, ‘Ü`‘ Am{U XrK© ‘wXVrÀ`m nV nwadR>çmMr {ZVm§V
Amdí`H$Vm {Z‘m©U Pmbobr Amho. Voìhm eoVH$è`m§Zr `m~m~V eoVr h§Jm‘ gwé hmoÊ`mnyduM H$moUVr {nHo$, {H$Vr joÌmda
¿`md`mMr, Ë`mgmR>r gmYmaUnUo {H$Vr IM© amoI ñdénmV Amdí`H$ Amho Am{U eoVH$è`m§H$S>o ñdV:Mo {H$Vr ^m§S>db Amho
`mMm {dMma H$éZ {H$Vr H$Om©Mr Ho$ìhm Amdí`H$Vm Amho `mMr ImÌr H$amdr. Ë`mZwgma Amdí`H$ Agbobo H$O© Ho$ìhm
Am{U H$moUË`m g§ñWoH$Sy>Z ¿`md`mMo `mMo {Z`moOZ gwédmVrg H$amdo. VgoM Ë`m Ë`m H$Om©À`m naV\o$S>rMm {dMma H$aUo
Amdí`H$ Amho.
344Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

4. eVo‘mb à{H$«`m ì`dñWmnZ
eVo‘mb hm ~è`mM Ae § r ZmedV§ AgVm.o `mV \$i,o ^mOrnmbm, \$wb,o XYw Am{U X½wYOÝ` nXmW© `mM § m g‘mde o
hmVom.o Vìohm CËnmXrV H$obëo`m H$mhr eVor‘mbmda à{H$«`m H$aUo Amdí`H$ Agë`mZo Ë`m~m~VMr ndy© V`mar eVoH$è`mZ§r nrH$
{Z`mOoZm~am~oa H$obr nm{hO.o `m‘Üò H$mhr Vm{§ÌH$ Jmïo>tMr Amdí`H$Vm Agë`mg Ë`m~m~V H$mRo>o gn§H$© gmYmdm bmJb o ,
H$mUo-H$mUoË`m gñ§Wm-(ghH$mar, emgH$s` qH$dm ImOJr gñ§Wm) `m~m~V ‘mJX©eZ© H$aVmV `mMr ‘m{hVr di o rM H$éZ
¿`mdr. Ë`m‘i w o dio M
o r Am{U ne ¡ mMr ~MV hmBob © . VgM o `m‘i w o eVor à{H$«`m H$obëo`m ‘mbmg MmJ§br qH$‘V {‘iV.o VgM o
Ë`mM§ o gmR>dUHy$ Am`îw`‘mZhr ~aM o dmT>V.o eVoH$è`mZ§r XYw, \$io d BVa H$mhr eVor‘mb CXm. hiX, Ambo `m~m~V gm‘{whH$
ghH$mar à{H$«`M o m {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ Amh.o
5. ‘Zîw`~i ì`dñWmnZ
eVor‘Üò AhmaomÌ ‘Zîw`~imMr Amdí`H$Vm AgV.o `mV AH$web Am{U ~è`mM di o m H$web ‘Zîw`~imMr JaO
^mgV.o Vì§ohm eVoH$è`mZ§r {Z`mOoZ H$obëo`m nrH$ AmamIS>çmZgwma Ë`m-Ë`m hJ§m‘mV {H$Vr ‘Oay bmJVrb, Ë`mM § r Ë`m-Ë`m
di
o go nawe
o m à‘mUmV CnbãYVm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amh.o `m‘i w o CËnmXZ IMmV© ~MV hmÊo`m~am~oaM eVor‘mb CËnmXZmV dmT>
hmBob
© . `m‘Üò ‘Zîw`~im~am~oaM ~b ¡ Am{U BVa `Ì§ gm‘Jwr« `mM § r Amdí`H$Vm, Ë`mM
§ r di
o doa `m½o` XamV CnbãYVm `mMr
H$miOr KVobr nm{hO.o
OmJVrH$ ì`mnma gK§Q>Zm
OmJVrH$ ì`mnma gK§Q>Zm hr AmV§aamï>>´r` gñ§Wm gZ 1995 ‘Üò ApñVËdmV Ambr. Xgwè`m ‘hm`Õ w mZV§a åhUOM o
1947 ZV§a bJM o ñWmnZ H$aÊ`mV Ambëo`m JQ°> (OZab AJ°r«‘ÝoQ> AmZ° Q>´So> AÊ°S> Q>aor\$) `m H$amamVZyM OmJVrH$ ì`mnma
gK§Q>Zm CX`mg Ambr. gd© Xe o mZ§m g‘Vmb o ñnYÀ}`m nmVirda Ib w m ì`mnma H$aVm `mdm, H$mUor H$mUomMm ‘mb AS>dy Z`,o
AdmOdr OH$mV AmH$mé Z`,o gd© Xe o mV Ib w r ñnYm© Agmdr `mgmR>r JQ°> H$ama H$aÊ`mV Ambm. `m ~hnþjr` ì`mnmamMo {Z`‘
gd© gh^mJr Xe o mZ§r {‘iZy R>admd,o nU Ë`mMr H$mUomda gº$s H$é Zò Ago R>ab.o Aem `m Iëw`m ì`mnma ì`dñWb o m ‘mÝ`Vm
XUomao Xeo JQ°> H$amamÀ`m N>ÌmImbr EH$Ì Amb.o ^maV `m H$amamÀ`m gñ§WmnH$ gXñ`mn§H¡$s EH$ Xe o Amh.o `m H$amamV VVw© Var
eVo‘mbmÀ`m ì`mnmamMm AV§^md© H$é Z`,o Ago R>a{dÊ`mV Ambo hmVo.o
JQ°> H$ama ApñVÎdmV Amë`mZV§aÀ`m H$mimV, åhUOo gZ 1950 Vo 1997 `m H$mbmdYrV OmJVrH$ ì`mnmamV 14
nQ>rZo dmT> Pmbr. `m H$mbmdYrV MMÀ}`m AZHo$ \$oè`m KÊo`mV Amë`m. `mVrb n{hë`m H$mhr \$oè`m‘§Üò àm‘»w`mZo OH$mV
Xa H$‘r H$aÊ`mda â hmVom. ZV§a ‘mÌ AÝ°Q>r S>q§nJ d OH$mVr ì`{V[aº$ BVa ~Y§Zmda MMm© Pmbr. gZ 1986 Vo 1996 `m
H$mbmdYrV D$é½do `m Xe o mV nQw>m§ S>b o EñQ>Qo> `m ehamV Am`mOorV H$obëo`m JQ°> H$amamÀ`m MMÀ}`m AmR>ì`m \$oarV OmJVrH$
ì`mnma gK§Q>Zm AmH$mambm Ambr. `mdi o r ‘mÌ H$amam‘Üò eVor‘mbmMm ì`mnma, gdomM § m ì`mnma, {dÎm gñ§WmM § m ì`dhma,
~m{¡ÕH$ gn§Xm A{YH$mamM § m dmna, nQo>Q§>, Q>´So>‘mH$© dJa¡o ~m~tMmhr g‘mde o H$aÊ`mV Ambm. E{àb 1994 ‘Üò ‘amŠH$oe,
‘maom¸$mo `Woo `m H$amamda {e¸$m‘mVo~© H$aÊ`mV Amb.o "eVor{df`H$ AmV§aamï>>´r` H$ama' hm `mV g‘mde o H$aÊ`mV Ambëo`m
AZHo$ H$amamn§H¡$s EH$ H$ama Amh.o
AmV§aamï>>´r` ì`mnmamMo jÌo gd© Xe o mg§mR>r Ibw o Agmd,o gd© ì`dhma ‘ºw$ dmVmdaUmV, {~Z~mômQ> d Ý`m`nUy© ìhmdVo
hmM OmJVrH$ ì`mnma gK§Q>ZM o m ‘»w` CÔe o AgZy, g‘wmao 90 Q>ŠŠ`mnj o m OmñV OmJVrH$ ì`mnma hm gXñ` Xe o m‘Ü`M o hmVom.o
OJmVrb eVo‘mbmÀ`m ì`mnmamV g‘Vmb o nmVirda AgÊ`mbm VrZ à‘I w AS>Wio hmVo.o ho åhUOo Am`mV eëwH$, emgZm‘m\$©V
eVoH$è`mZ§m {Xbo OmUmao Xe o mV§JV© ghmæ` Am{U {Z`mV© dÕ ¥ rgmR>r {Xbo OmUmao AZXwmZ `m VrZhr ~m~tMo à‘mU Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mZo H$‘r
H$éZ AmV§aamï>´r` ì`mnma gb w ^ H$aÊ`mMo Ñï>rZo eVor{df`H$ AmV§aamï>´r` H$amamMr ‘mS§>Ur H$aÊ`mV Ambr Amh.o
JQ°> H$amam~Ôb ~aM o go Ja¡g‘O, AkmZ d Ohmb ^{y‘H$m AgUmam Agm EH$ {dMma àdmh Amnë`m Xe o m‘Üò Amh.o
Ë`m‘Üò àm‘»w`mZo JQ°> H$amamVZy ^maVmZo ~mhao nS>U,o {dH$grV Xe o m‘Üò eVor‘mbmbm {Z`mV©rgmR>r OmñV g~grS>r {Xbr
OmV,o eVor‘mbmbm {nH$dma XÊo`mV Ùomao gaH$mar AZXwmZ, ñdñV XamV AmnU YmÝ` nawdR>m H$é eH$Uma Zmhr, eVo‘mbmÀ`m
{Z`mV©rgmR>r {dH$grV Xe o OmñV gaH$mar AZXwmZ XVomV. {dH$grV amï>´mZ§m eVo‘mbmÀ`m Am`mV H$amV 36 Q>¸$o H$nmV H$aÊ`mMo
~Y§Z 2 OmZdomar, 1995 nmgZw nTw>rb 6 dfmn©`Vª hmVo,o Va Amnë`mgma»`m {dH$gZerb amï>´mZ§m Am`mV H$amdarb H$nmV ~Y§Z
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 345

24 Q>¸o$ Amho d Ë`mgmR>r 10 dfm©Mm H$mbmdYr {Xbobm hmoVm. eoV‘mb {Z`m©V g~grS>r AmnU AJmoXaM BVa {dH$grV
Xoem§À`m VwbZoV H$‘r XoV Agë`m‘wio `m H$amamMm Amnë`m Jar~ eoVH$è`m§da H$mhrhr n[aUm‘ Z hmoVm CbQ>njr Amnë`mbm
AmUIr gwQ> {‘iy eH$Vo. Ë`mMà‘mUo J°Q> H$amamZwgma AmnU ñdñV XamV YmÝ` nwadR>m H$é eH$Uma Zmhr hm J¡ag‘O Amho.
\$º$ `m‘Üò AmnUmg EH$ I~aXmar KoÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho Vr åhUOo Agm nwadR>m H$aÊ`mH$arVm bmJUmao YmÝ` gaH$mar
`§ÌUoZo ~mOma ^mdmZo IaoXr H$amd`mg nm{hOo.
OmJVrH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`m hm±JH$m±J òWo nma nS>boë`m (2005) ‘§ÌrñVar` n[afXoV ^maVmZo {dH$gZerb amï´´>m§Mo
ZoV¥Ëd H$aVmZmM H$mhr Amdí`H$ ~m~r ‘mÝ` H$ê$Z KoVë`m. `m‘Üò àm‘w»`mZo {d{eï> {hV g§ajU `§ÌUm (gwajm H$dM),
AVr g§doXZerb CËnmXZm§Zm g§ajU, Xoem§VJ©V AZwXmZo B. KQ>H$m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. {dH$grV Xoem§X²dmao ñWmZrH$ eoVH$è`m§Zm
{Xë`m OmUmè`m â‘gmR> AZwXmZm§‘wio OmJVrH$ ñVamdarb ñnY}bm A{Zï>´> diU bmJV Amho. {dH${gV amï´´>m§À`m `m ‘Z‘mZr
H$ma^mambm {damoYmÀ`m ‘wÚmda ^maVmZo A{dH$grV amï´´>m§Mo ZoV¥Ëd pñdH$mabo Amho. Or-4 VgoM Or-6 amï´´>m§Zr H¥${f{df`H$
AZwXmZmÀ`m ‘wÚmda OmJVrH$ ì`mnma g§KQ>ZoÀ`m ì`mnma dmQ>mKmQ>r {df`H$ g{‘Vrer OyZ 2007 AIoa MMm© Ho$br. VWmnr,
Ë`mVyZ \$mago H$mhr {ZînÞ hmody eH$bo Zmhr. AZwXmZ {‘iUmè`m naH$s` H¥${f CËnmXZm§gmR>r Amnbr ~mOmanoR> Iwbr H$aÊ`mg
^maVmMm Vrd« {damoY AgyZ A{Varº$ gwajm nwa{dë`m{edm` CËnmXrV ‘mbmdarb H$a H$‘r H$aÊ`mg ^maVmZo ZH$ma {Xbm
Amho. H¥$[f CËnmXZm§darb AZwXmZmÀ`m ‘wÚm§da {dH$grV d A{dH$grV amï´´>m§‘Üò EH$‘V hmoV Zgë`m‘wio dmQ>mKmQ>r èñdr
hmoV Zgë`mMo ñnï> Pmbo Amho. Ago Agbo Var, OmJVrH$ ì`mnma {df`H$> H$amamÀ`m AQ>r Xoembm \$ma OmMH$ ZgyZ \$ma Va
AmìhmZmË‘H$ AmhoV Ago åhUVm òB©b. ì`mnmam{^‘wI eoVr, H$‘r CËnmXZ IM© d A{YH$ CËnmXH$Vm VgoM ‘mbmMr
JwUmË‘H$ àVdmar `m {ÌgwÌrMm dmna Ho$ë`mg `m H$amamMo Mm§Jë`m g§Yr‘Üò énm§Va H$aUo, ghO eŠ` Amho.
{H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr (E‘Egnr) d Ë`m§Mo AW©ì`dñWoVrb ‘hÎd
XoemVrb ‘wº$ ~mOmanoR>oVrb eoV‘mbmMr qH$‘V {d{eï> qH$‘Vrnojm H$‘r Pmë`mg, Á`m qH$‘Vrbm g§~§YrV ‘mbmMr
IaoXr H$aÊ`mMr h‘r emgZm‘m\©$V KoVbr OmVo, Ë`m qH$‘Vrg {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘V (E‘Egnr) qH$dm h‘r qH$‘V Ago
g§~moYbo OmVo. à‘wI {nH$m§À`m {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr, `m h§Jm‘ gwé hmoÊ`mAmYr gaH$maV\}$ Omhra Ho$ë`m OmVmV. Ë`m‘wio
XoemVrb VgoM amÁ`mVrb {d{dY {nH$m§Imbrb joÌ d CËnmXZ g§VwbrV amhÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo d eoVH$è`mZo EImXo {d{eï> nrH$
KoVbo Va Ë`mg H$‘rV H$‘r R>am{dH$ CËnÞmMr ImÌr {‘iVo.
{H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘V {ZYm©arV H$aVmZm {d{dY amÁ`mVrb g§~§YrV {nH$m§gmR>r òUmè`m CËnmXZ IMm©~amo~a, ‘mbmMr
‘mJUr Am{U nwadR>m, Xoem§VJ©V Am{U Xoem~mhoarb qH$‘VrVrb MT>CVma, {Z{dð>m§À`m qH$‘VrVrb ~Xb, ì`mnma{df`H$
YmoaU, {d{dY {nH$m§À`m qH$‘VrVrb g‘mZVm, H¥${f V§ÌkmZ dmnamMm n[aUm‘ Am{U XoemÀ`m EHy$U AW©ì`dñWoda `m
qH$‘VrMm hmoUmam g§^mì` n[aUm‘ `m§Mm {dMma H$aÊ`mV òVmo.
H|$Ð emgZ VgoM amÁ` emgZ `m§À`m {Z`§ÌUmImbr H$m`©aV Agboë`m, AZwH«$‘o H¥${f IM© d ‘yë` Am`moJ d
eoV‘mb ^md g{‘Vr ‘m\©$V {d{dY {nH$m§À`m CËnmXZ IMm©Mr JmdnmVirdarb ‘m{hVr {nH$m§À`m AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr
R>a{dÊ`mgmR>r Jmoim Ho$br OmVo. ‘hmË‘m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>mVrb H¥${f AW©emó {d^mJmV `m XmoÝhr `moOZm H$m`©aV AmhoV.
‘hmamï´´>mVrb à‘wI {nH$m§À`m H|$Ð emgZmZo Omhra Ho$boë`m 2010-11 nmgyZÀ`m {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr VŠË`mV
Xe©{dë`m AmhoV.
346 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

Vº$m 2 ^maV gaH$ma Zo Omhra Ho$boë`m à‘wI {nH$m§À`m {H$‘mZ AmYma^yV qH$‘Vr (é./q¹$)
Vn{eb 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16
V¥UYmÝ` Jhÿ 1100 1120 1285 1350 1400 1450
{nHo$ Ádmar 880 980 1500 1500 1550 1570
~mOar 880 980 1175 1310 1250 1275
^mV 1000 1080 1250 1310 1360 1410
H SYmÝ` Vya 3000 3200 3200 4300 4350 4425
{nHo$ ‘wJ 3170 3500 3500 4500 4600 4650
CS>rX 2900 3300 4300 4300 4350 4425
haâm 1760 2100 2800 3000 3100 3175
Vob{~`m ^wB©‘yJ 2300 2700 3700 4000 4000 4030
{nHo gy`©\y$b 2350 2800 3700 3700 3750 3800
H$aS>B© 1680 1800 2500 2800 3000 3050
gmo`m~rZ 1440 1690 2200 2560 2560 2600
ZJXr {nHo H$mnyg (bm§~ YmJm) 3000 3300 3300 4000 4050 4100
D$g 139.12 * 145.00 139.12 210.00 220.00 230
g§X^© … H|${Ð` H¥${f d ghH$ma {d^mJ, H¥${f ^dZ, Zdr {X„r,
* {H$\$m`Vera amñV $qH$‘V ( D$g = 9% CVmè`mgmR>r)
H¥${f CËnmXZmgmR>r dm`Xo ~mOma
eoVH$è`m§g‘moa, eoV‘mb CËnmXZmnojm eoV‘mb {dH«$s‘Üò ‘Ü`ñWm§H$Sy>Z hmoUmar byQ>‘ma d A{ZpíMV ~mOma^md `m
gdm©V ‘moR>çm g‘ñ`m AmhoV. `mda Cnm` åhUyZ XoemV {Za{Zamù`m H¥${f CËnmXZmgmR>r ‘ëQ>r H$‘moS>rQ>r EŠñM|O (dm`Xo
~mOma) gwé H$aÊ`mV Ambo AmhoV. dm`Xo ~mOma åhUOo dñVwÀ`m ^{dî`mVrb {dH«$s d IaoXr~m~V, {dH«o$Vm d IaoXrXma `m§Zr
àË`j {dH«$sÀ`m H$mhr ‘{hZo AJmoXa Ho$bobm H$ama. {dH«o$Ë`mbm H$‘rV H$‘r ^mdmZo {dH«$s H$aÊ`mnmgyZ g§ajU {‘imdo d
IaoXrXmambm OmñVrV OmñV XamZo IaoXr Q>miVm `mdr hm dm`Xo~mOmamMm CÔoe Amho. eoVH$ar ‘mbmMr {dH«$s H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ooìhm
~mOmamV OmVmo Voìhm Ë`m CËnmXZmMo ^md nS>bobo AgVmV, Ë`m‘wio Ë`m§Mo ZwH$gmZ hmoVo. `mda Cnm` åhUyZ ~±Ho$À`m ‘XVrZo
Ë`m§Mm ‘mb JmoS>mD$Z‘Üò R>oD$Z Ë`m§Mm ì`mnmè`m§~amo~a ì`dhma R>a{dUo d dmT>rd XamVrb H$mhr ^mJ eoVH$è`m§Zm XoUo Aer
hr `moOZm Amho. OmoI‘rMo ì`dñWmnZ ho dm`Xo~mOmamMo ‘ybVÎd Amho.
EImÚm eoV‘mbmMr dm`Xo~mOmamVrb qH$‘V R>aVmZm XoemVrb Ë`m {nH$mImbrb EHy$U joÌ, ‘mJUr, A§XmOo Ano{jV
CËnmXZ, OmJVrH$ ~mOmanoR>oVrb pñWVr, hdm‘mZmMm A§XmO `m gd© ~m~tMm {dMma hmoVmo. eoVH$è`m§Zm AmJmD$ ghm
‘{hÝ`mVrb ^mdmMr ‘m{hVr g‘Oë`mZo Vo Amnë`m eoV‘mbmÀ`m {dH«$sMo {Z`moOZ H$é eH$VmV. dm`Xo ~mOmamV ì`dhma
hmoUmè`m eoV‘mbmV Vm§Xyi, ~mg‘Vr Vm§Xyi, ‘H$m, Jhÿ hr V¥UYmÝò, haâm, ‘gya, CS>rX, Vya, {ndim dmQ>mUm hr H$S>YmÝò,
H$aS>B© d gmo`m~rZ `m Vob{~`m, {‘ar, Orao, hiX, bmb {‘aMr hr ‘gmbmdJu` {nHo$ Va H$mnyg, Jwi d gmIa `m ZJXr
H¥${f ‘mbmMm g‘mdoe Amho. dm`Xo ~mOmam‘wio ‘hmJmB©À`m H$mimV qH$‘Vr pñWa amhÊ`mg, XoeâmVrb qH$‘VrVrb MT> CVma,
‘mJUr d nwadR>çmVrb Ag‘Vmob Xya hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b. ^{dî`mVrb ‘mJUr d nwadR>çmMm A§XmO H$éZ eoVH$ar {nH$m§Mo
{Z`moOZ H$aVrb.
dm`Xo~mOma gwairV MmbÊ`mgmR>r ^maVmÀ`m dm`Xo~mOma Am`moJmZo IaoXrMo H$‘mb à‘mU {ZpíMV Ho$bo AgyZ {d{eð>
‘`m©XonbrH$S>o qH$‘VrÀ`m KgaUrg à{V~§Y Ho$bm Amho. IaoXrXma d {dH«o$Ë`mH$Sy>Z ì`dhma hmoÊ`mnydu AZm‘V aH$‘m KoUo d
Z¡g{J©H$ AmnÎmr‘wio EImÚm {nH$mMo CËnmXZ KQ>bo Va ì`dhma ~§X R>odUo AWdm ~mOma ~§X R>odUo Ago {Z`‘ KmbyZ {Xbo
AmhoV. gÜ`m ^maVm‘Üò H¥${f {d^mJmÀ`m AIË`marV 18 ‘ëQ>r H$‘mo{S>Q>r EŠñM|Oog gwé AmhoV. Ë`mn¡H$s Z°eZb ‘ëQ>r
H$‘moS>rQ>r EŠñM|O, Z°eZb H$‘mo{S>Q>r A°ÊS> S>oarìhoQ>rO EŠñM|O `m XmoZ ‘w»` H§$nÝ`m§Mo H$m‘ R>iH$nUo Mmby Amho. ‘hmamï>´>mV
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 347

‘ëQ>r H$‘mo{S>Q>r EŠñM|O, (E‘grEŠg) ‘w§~B© d amÁ` H¥${f nUZ ‘§S>i, nwUo `m§Zr `mgmR>r g§`wº$nUo H$m‘ H$aÊ`mg gwédmV
Ho$br AgyZ H¥${f nUZ ‘§S>imÀ`m do~gmB©Q>da AmVm eoV‘mbmÀ`m Mmby ~mOma^mdm~amo~aM ^{dî`mVrb ~mOma^md
Xe©{dUmar gw{dYm H$m`m©pÝdV Pmbr Amho. `m ‘m{hVrÀ`m AmYmao eoVH$è`mg eoV‘mb {dH«$sMm {ZU©` KoUo eŠ` hmoUma Amho.
H$‘mo{S>Q>r EŠñM|OZr àËòH$ ì`dhmamMr nyU© O~m~Xmar KoVbr Agë`mZo {dH«o$Vm d IaoXrXma `m§Zm ì`dhmamV YmoH$m g§^dV
Zmhr. VgoM EImXm ì`dhma {\$a{dÊ`mg eoV‘mbmÀ`m Ë`mdoir Agboë`m Xamà‘mUo {dH«o$Ë`mbm AWdm IaoXrXmambm \$aH$
XoÊ`mV òVmo.
‘m°S>ob A°ŠQ>
‘hmamï>´> emgZmZo ‘hmamï>´> H¥${f CËnÞ ({d{Z`‘Z) A{Y{Z`‘, 1963 À`m H$m`ÚmV `mo½` Ago ~Xb H$ê$Z ‘hmamï>´>
amÁ` H¥${f CËnÞ nUZ ({d{Z`‘Z gwYmaUm) {dYo`H$ 2005, {XZm§H$ 12 {S>g|~a 2005 amoOr {dYmZgôV gmXa Ho$bo Am{U
Vo EH$‘VmZo ‘§Owa H$aUoV Ambo. `m gwYmarV A{Y{Z`‘m‘Üò ImOJr ~mOma Am{U eoVH$ar J«mhH$ ~mOma `m§Mr ñWmnZm H$aUo,
WoQ> nUZ, {deof dñVw§Mm ~mOma KmofrV H$aUo, {d^mJr` ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§Mr ñWmnZm H$aUo Am{U H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§À`m
g{Mdm§Mm g§dJ© H$aÊ`mMr `moOZm am~{dUo `m ~m~VÀ`m VaVwXr g‘m{dð> H$aÊ`mV Amboë`m AmhoV. ApñVËdmV Agboë`m
~mOma g{‘Ë`m d gd© ~mOma KQ>H$m§À`m {hVmbm H$moUVrhr hmZr nmohMUma Zmhr `mMr H$miOr gXa ‘m°S>ob A°ŠQ>À`m àñVmdmV
KoUoV Ambr Amho. 1963 À`m H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘Vr H$m`ÚmV {Z`‘Z `m g§H$ënZoda â hmoVm Va AmVm nUZ ì`dñWoÀ`m
{dH$mgm{^‘wI H$m`©dmhrgmR>r H$m`ÚmÀ`m ZmdmV “{Z`‘Z’’ d “{dH$mg’’ `m XmoÝhr eãXm§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$bm Amho.
‘m°S>ob A°ŠQ>Mm \$m`Xm ImOJr ~mOmanoR>m, J«mhH$, eoVH$ar Am{U ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§Zm hmoUma Amho. H|$Ð emgZmÀ`m
AZwXmZ `moOZoMm bm^ ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§Zm nm`m^yV gw{dYm C^maÊ`mgmR>r KoVm òB©b. eoVH$ar J«mhH$ ~mOma, ImOJr ~mOma
`m§À`m ñnY}‘wio ~mOma g{‘Ë`m§Zm ì`dñWmnZ Am{U H$m‘H$mO gwYmaÊ`mMr g§Yr àmá hmoB©b. WoQ> IaoXrXmamg H$m`ÚmÝdò
nadmZJr {Xë`mZo `mnwdu hmoUmao nañna ì`dhma H$‘r hmoD$Z Ë`mdarb CËnÞhr ~mOma g{‘Vrg {‘iob Am{U gÜ`m ~mOma
g{‘VrÀ`m ~mOma ì`dñWm gmoB© Am{U gw{dYm darb òUmam VmU H$‘r hmoÊ`mg ‘XV hmoB©b.
‘hmamï´´>mVrb H¥${f CËnÞ ~mOma g{‘VrÀ`m H$m`ÚmV eoVH$è`m§À`m {hVmMo ~Xb KS>dyZ AmUUmam ‘m°S>ob A°ŠQ> ho EH$
amÁ` emgZmMo H«$m§VrH$maH$ nmD$b AgyZ Ë`m‘wio amÁ`mV H¥${f Am¡Úmo{JH$ H«$m§VrMo Zdo nd© gwé hmoB©b, Aer Anojm Amho.
H$amaeoVr
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boIr H$ama, `m H$amamV eoVH$è`mZo CËnmXrV Ho$bobm R>am{dH$ àVrMm gd© ‘mb AJmoXaM {ZpíMV Ho$boë`m qH$‘Vrbm {dH$V
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‘mbmMr {dH«$s H$aVmo.
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eoVH$è`m§Zm CËnmXZ V§ÌkmZ nwa{dVmo d Ë`m§Mm eoV‘mb IaoXr H$aVmo.
* ~hþnjr` à{V‘mZ (‘ëQ>rnmQ>u ‘m°S>ob) - `m‘Üò emgH$s` g§ñWm, ImOJr g§ñWm, ghH$mar g§ñWm d eoVH$ar `m§À`mV
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IaoXr{df`H$ h§Jm‘r ñdénmV H$ama H$aVmV.
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d Vmo H§$ÌmQ>Xma eoVH$è`m§H$Sy>Z ‘mb Jmoim H$ê$Z Ë`mMm nwadR>m àm`moOH$mg H$aVmo.
eoV‘mb IaoXr H$amamÀ`m eoVr‘Üò àm`moOH$mZo eoV‘mb IaoXr H$amamMr ~mOma g{‘Vr qH$dm emgZ àm{YH¥$V A{YH$mar
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dmnaUo B. ~m~r ^maVr` eVoH$è`mg eŠ` hmVo ZmhrV. H$amaeVor‘i w o Aem àH$maMo Cƒ àVrMo VÌ§kmZ àm`mO o H$ eVoH$è`mZ§m
nawdy eH$ob, `m‘iw o CËnmXH$Vm d XOm© gYwmaÊ`mg {ZpíMV ‘XV hmBob© .
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AWg©H§$ënmÀ`m 5.62% {ZYr CnbãY H$aÊ`mV Ambm.
H$|Ðr` AW© gH§$ënmMr R>iH$ d{¡eï>ò
1. H$¥{f CËnmXZ dmT>{dÊ`mgmR>r O_rZ d nmUr ho XmZo KQ>H$ _hËdmMo R>adZy Ë`mÀ§`m ~iH$Q>rH$aUmgmR>r à`ËZ.
2. nan§amJV H$¥{f {dH$mg `mO o Zgo gn§Uy© ghmæ`
3. àË`Ho$ W~|mnmgZy OmñV CËnmXZ {_i{dÊ`mgmR>r àYmZ_Ì§r Jm«_ qgMZ `mO o Zm
4. bKqwgMZ, nmUbmQo> {dH$mg jÌo Am{U àYmZ_Ì§r H$¥{f qgMZ `mO o ZgomR>r é. 5,300 H$mQo>tMr _XV
5. H$On©awdR>m C{Ôð> 8.5 bmI H$mQo>r énò
6. _ZaJom AV§JV© CnH$«_mM § r JUwdÎmm d H$m`j© _Vm dmT>{dÊ`mda â
7. eVoH$è`mÀ§`m \$m`ÚmgmR>r amï>´r` H$¥{f ~mOmamMr Amdí`H$Vm Amho Á`mV ^md dmT>rMm VËH$mbrZ \$m`Xm eVoH$è`mZ§m ìhmdm.
EH${ÌV amï>´r` H$¥{f ~mOma ñWmnZgomR>r H$|Ð emgZ, amÁ` emgZmgm~oV H$m_ H$ab o .
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eharH$aUmÀ`m AmìhmZmg g_Wn©Uo gm_maoo OmUo d VéUmg§mR>r amO o JmamM§ r gY§r {Z_mU© H$aUo `m Jmïo>tda â.
eVorgmR>r àñVm{dV H$obëo`m {d{dY `mO o Zm, CÚmJo d ì`mnmamgmR>r nmfoH$ dmVmdaU, CÎm_ nm`m^Vy g{wdYm. emg{H$` {ZYrMm
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amÁ` AW© gH§$ënmVrb R>iH$ d{¡eîQ>ço
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4. gúw_ qgMZmÀ`m _hËdH$mj § r H$m`H©$«_mgmR>r é. 330 H$mQo>r
5. eVoH$è`mÀ§`m AmË_hË`mJñ«V `dV_mi {OëømgmR>r _mVoram_ bhmUo H$¥{f g_Ü¥Xr `mO o Zm hr ZdrZ `mOo Zm d H$¥{f `m{§ÌH$sH$aU
d H$¥{f jÌorVrb AÝ` `mO o ZmM § o EH${ÌH$aU `mÛmao eVorMr CËnmXH$Vm dmT>{dÊ`mda â.
6. amÁ` amO o Jma h_r `mOo ZgomR>r énò 700 H$mQo>r.
7. _hmË_m JmY§r amO o Jma h_r `mO o ZgomR>m énò 1948.80 H$mQo>r
8. amï>´r` H$¥{f `mO
o ZgomR>r énò 336 H$mQo>r d amï>´r` AÞ gawjm A{^`mZ, H$¥{f {dñVma d VÌ§kmZ A{^`mZ d \$bmËonmXZ
A{^`mZmgmR>r énò 257 H$mQo>r.
9. qgMZ àH$ënmMo AMHw$ Vm{§ÌH$ d {dÎmr` {Z`mO o ZmgmR>r énò 7272 H$mQo>r.
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‘hmamï´ H¥${f {eúmU d g§emoYZ n[aga,
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`moOZ|VJ©V eoVVir `moOZm http:/mahaegs.nic.in/maha.shettale/
12. newg§dY©Z {d^mJmÀ`m `moOZm www.adfmaharashtra.in
13. ‘Ëñ` ì`dgm` {d^mJmÀ`m `moOZm {Oëhm ñVar` ghmæ`H$ ‘Ëñ` ì`dgm`
Am`wº$ H$m`m©c`
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‘hm‘§S>imÀ`m `moOZm www.adfmaharashtra.in
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3. JwUmË‘H$ {Z¶§ÌU/AÞ MmMUr à¶moJ g§emoYZ {dH$mgmgmR>r Zdr ‘w§~B©, 022-27840949.
d {dH«$s dmT>rgmR>r ¶moOZm.
350 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

16. H¥${f nUZ ‘§S>imÀ`m `moOZm ‘hmamï´> amÁ` H¥${f nUZ ‘§S>i, nwUo ßcm°Q> Z§.
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4 \$i ‘mohmoËgd AZwXmZ `moOZm
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2 \$cmoËnmXZmgmR>r erVJ¥h C^maUr, {dñVma d ~mJdmZr ~omS>©, E‘. gr. E. B©. Ama. Amdma,
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18. amï´>r` Am¡fYr d dZñnVr A{^`mZwww.mahanhm.gov.in www.mahasilk.gov.in
19. aoer‘ eoVr CÚoJ `moOZm g§MmcH$, aoer‘ g§MZmc`, C§~aoS> amS>,
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5. ghH$ma Am`wŠV H$m`m©b` … ZdrZ g|Q´>b {~ëS>tJ, nwUo - 411001. \$moZ … (020) 26122846
6. \$i~mJm`V g§MmbZmb` … {edmOrZJa, nwUo - 411005, \$moZ … (020) 25538095
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min.housing@maharashtra.gov.in 22026658 23618585
‘m.lr. M§ÐH$m§V (XmXm) ~ƒy nmQ>rb ghH$ma, nUZ Am{U dñÌmoÚmoJ, gmd©O{ZH$ 22871440, 22046632,
min.coop@maharashtra.gov.in ~m§YH$m‘ (gmd©O{ZH$ CnH«$‘ dJiyZ) 22875441 22047312
‘m.lr‘Vr n§H$Om JmonrZmW ‘w§S>o J«m‘{dH$mg Am{U Ob g§YmaU, amoOJma h‘r 22025051, 23515889,
min.rdd@maharashtra.gov.in ¶moOZm, ‘{hbm d ~mb {dH$mg 22023858, 23524664
22833133
‘m.lr. {dîUw am‘m gmdam Am{Xdmgr {dH$mg 22024950, 23633190,
min.tribal@maharashtra.gov.in 22025360 23630344
‘m.lr. {Jarf ^mbM§Ð ~mnQ> AÞ d ZmJar nwadR>m Am{U J«mhH$ g§ajU, 22025300, 23697278
min.fcs@maharashtra.gov.in AÞ Am{U Am¡fY àemgZ, g§gXr¶ H$m¶© 22024688 23633659
‘m.lr. {Jarf XÎmmÌ¶ ‘hmOZ Obg§nXm, Ima O_rZ 22842720, 22817173
min.wrd@maharashtra.gov.in 22842791 22817175
_m.lr. {XdmH$a Zmam¶U amdVo n[adhZ 22024700 23616699
min.transport@maharashtra.gov.in 22025736 23626699
_m.lr. gw^mf amOmam‘ XogmB© CÚmoJ 22025250, 23637491,
min.industry@maharashtra.gov.in 22025362 23631505
_m.lr. am‘Xmg J§Jmam‘ H$X‘ n¶m©daU 22885104, 23610925,
min.env@maharashtra.gov.in 22042810 23610976
_m.lr. EH$ZmW g§^mOr qeXo gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ (gmd©O{ZH$ CnH«$‘mgh) 22886188, 23630609,
min.pwd@maharashtra.gov.in 22886093 23630286
_m. àm. M§ÐeoIa H¥$îUamd ~mdZHw$io COm©, ZdrZ d ZdrH$aUr¶ D$Om© 22024592, 23634669
min.energy@maharashtra.gov.in 22025308 23630096
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 355

_m.lr. ~~Zamd XÎmmamd bmoUrH$a nmUr nwadR>m Am{U ñdÀN>Vm 22871440, 22025311
min.wssd@maharashtra.gov.in 22875441 22024570
_m.lr. S>m°.{XnH$ am‘M§Ð gmd§V gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½¶ Am{U Hw$Qw>§~ H$ë¶mU 22023992, 23619977
min.familywelfare@maharashtra.gov.in 22022100 23619988
_m.lr. amOHw$‘ma gwXm‘ ~S>mobo gm‘m{OH$ Ý¶m¶ Am{U {deoof ghmæ¶ 22025251, 23646612
min.socjustice@maharashtra.gov.in 22028660 23646613
amÁ`_§Ìr
Zm§d ImVo XwaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ (022)
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‘m.lr. {Xbrn kmZXod H$m§~io gm‘m{OH$ Ý¶m¶ Am{U {deof ghmæ¶ _XV 22843665, 2023478,
stmin.socjustice@maharashtra.gov.in d nwZ©dgZ, ^wH§$n nyZ©dgZ, Aën g§»`m§H$ 22023165 22023479
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‘m.lr‘Vr {dÚm O¶àH$me R>mHw$a ‘{hbm d ~mb {dH$mg, AÞ d ZmJar nwadR>m 22843718 22020092
stmin.rdd@maharashtra.gov.in
Am{U J«mhH$ g§ajU, AÞ Am{U Am¡fY 22843623 22020615
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‘m.àm.lr. am‘ e§H$a qeXo J¥h (J«m‘rU), nUZ, gmd©O{ZH$ Amamo½¶, 22886025, 22820644
stmin.homerural@maharashtra.gov.in
n¶©Q>Z, H¥${f Am{U \$bmoËnmXZ 22886293 22820655
‘m.lr. {dO¶ {gÐm‘ßnm Xoe‘wI gmd©O{ZH$ ~m§YH$m‘ (gmd©O{ZH$ CnH«$‘mgh), 22025270, 22022540
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stmin.revenue@maharashtra.gov.in
22876463 22817078
‘m.lr. XmXmOr XJSy> ^wgo ghH$ma 22843246 22046629,
stmin.coop@maharashtra.gov.in 22843264 22023294
‘m.lr. {dO¶ gmonmZamd {edVmao Obg§nXm, Obg§YmaU, g§gXr` H$m`© 22842559 22023475,
stmin.wrd@maharashtra.gov.in
22842440 22023476
‘m.lr. {XnH$ dg§V ‹Ho$gaH$a {dÎm, J«m‘ {dH$mg, {Z`moOZ 22024850, 22829535,
stmin.finance@maharashtra.gov.in
22025247 22022219
‘m.lr. amOo Aå~«reamd amOo Am{Xdmgr {dH$mg 22886090 22020097,
gË¶dmZamd AÌm‘ 22843741 22880083
stmin.tribal@maharashtra.gov.in
‘m.lr. aqdÐ XÎmmam‘ dm¶H$a J¥h{Z‘m©U, Cƒ Am{U V§Ì{ejU 22871705, 22854647,
stmin.housing@maharashtra.gov.in
22025001 22026424
‘m.lr. S>m°. aU{OV {dÇ>bamd nmQ>rb J¥h (ehao), ZJa{dH$mg, gm‘mÝ¶ àemgZ, 22875930, 22027162,
stmin.homeurban@maharashtra.gov.in
{dYr Am{U Ý¶m¶ {d^mJ, g§gXr¶ H$m¶© B. 22876342 22020540
‘m.lr. à{dU am‘M§Ð nmoQ>o-nmQ>rb CÚmoJ Am{U I{ZH$‘©, n¶m©daU, gmd©O{ZH 22023059 22886294$
stmin.indenv@maharashtra.gov.in ~m§YH$m‘ (gmd©O{ZH$ CnH«$‘ dJiyZ) 22022924 22886096
356 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

^maVr` H¥${f AZwg§YmZ n[afX, Zdr {X„r
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S>m°. E.Ho$. {g¸$m Cn_hmg§MmcH$, (Z¡g{J©H$ gmYZgm_wJ«r 25848364 25848366
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S>m°. Jwa~ƒZ qgJ MoAa_Z, H¥${f emñÌk {ZdS> _§S>i, H¥${f 25843295 25846540
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H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 357

_hmamï´> H¥${f {ejU d g§emoYZ n[afX, nwUo
Zmd nX XwaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ (020)
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S>m°. lrH$m§V H$mH$S>o g§MmbH$, {ejU 25537688 25533764
lr. gwaoe A§~wbJoH$a g§MmbH$, {dñVma {ejU d gmgmdr 25534577 25533764
S>m°. {da|Ð Jm|Jo g§MmbH$, g§emoYZ 25537688 25533764
lr. Eg. Oo. amgH$a (à^mar) ghg§MmbH$, {dÎm 25531208 25533764
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_hmË_m \w$co H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar
Zmd nX XwaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ \°$Šg H«$.$ B©-_oc
(02426) (02426)
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S>m°. {H$aU H$moH$mQ>o g§MmbH$, {dñVma {ejU 243202 243230 deempkv @rediffmail.com
S>m°. ^r‘amd Cë‘oH$ A{Yð>mVm (H¥${f) d 243206 243227 dearmpkv @gmail.com
g§MmbH$, {ejU
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lr. gmonmZ H$mgma Hw$bg{Md 243216 243816 registrar.mpkv@nic.in
lr. ~m~wamd {Z_©i {Z¶§ÌH$ 243226 243238 comptmpkv@gmail.com
S>m°. Jmoaj ggmUo à^mar A{YH$mar, 243251 243228 dcmpkv@gmail.com
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S>m°. g§{Xn nmQ>rb OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar 243373 243230 pro.mpkv@gmail.com
do~gmB©Q > : www.mpkv.ac.in {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZm {XZ : 20 Am°³Q>mo~a 1968
S>m°.~mimgmho~ gmd§V H$moH$U H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, Xmnmobr
Zm§d nX XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ (02358) B©-_oc
H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
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S>m.° CÎm_ _hmS>H$a gM§mbH$, ge§mYoZ 282417 282417 dorbskkv@rediffmail.com
S>m.°a_eo ~awQ>o gM§mbH$ {ejU VWm A{Yð>mVm 284308 284308 deandapoli@gmail.com
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S>m.° g{Ve ZmaISo>o H$wbg{Md 282065 282065 regrdbskkv@rediffmail.com
lr. à{dU `mXd {Z`Ì§H$ 280737 282737 comptrollerdbskkvdapoli@rediffmail.com
S>m.°{XnH$ h{S>H©$a ì`dñWmnH$,H$¥.V.§ _m{hVr H$|Ð 280238 280238 artickkv@gmail.com
d~ogmBQ©> : www.dbskkv.org {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZm {XZ : 18 ‘o 1972
358 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

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S>m°. S>r.E‘. ‘mZH$a g§MmbH$, g§emoYZ 2258419 2258419 director_res@pdkv.ac.in
S>m°. nr.Or. B§Jmobo g§MmbH$,{dñVma {ejU 2258174 2258732 deepdkv@yahoo.com
S>m°. ìhr.E‘. ^mbo A{Yð>mVm (H¥$fr) 2258093 2258093 deanagre@pdkv.ac.in
S>m°. nr.Ama. H$Sy> Hw$bg{Md 2258372 2258372 registrar@pdkv.ac.in
Hw$.E_.nr. amJrZdma {Z¶§ÌH$ 2258469 2258873 comptroller@pdkv.ac.in
S>m°. {H$emoa {~S>do OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar 2258365 2258732 pro@pdkv.ac.in
S>m°. {H$emoa {~S>do ì¶dñWmnH$, H¥$V§‘m H|$Ð 2258462 2258732 bidweku@gmail.com
do~gmB©Q> : www.pdkv.ac.in {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZm {XZ : 20 Am°³Q>mo~a 1969
dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ _amR>dmS>m H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, naÛr

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S>m°. E.Eg.T>dU A{Yð>mVm (H¥${f) 222687 222687 deanmkv@rediffmail.com
S>m°. S>r.nr. dmgH$a g§MmbH$, g§emoYZ 220121 220121 directorres@rediffmail.com
S>m°. ~r.~r.^mogco g§MmbH$, {dñVma {ejU 228601 228601 deemau@rediffmail.com
S>m°. S>r.Ec. OmYd Hw$bg{Md 229755 229755 reg_mau@indiatimes.com
lr. E.Or. MmQ>o {Z`§ÌH$ 225424 225424 -
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do~gmB©Q> : www.mkv2.mah.nic.in {dÚmnrR> ñWmnZm {XZ : 1972
_hmamï´> new d _Ëñ` {dkmZ {dÚmnrR>, ZmJnya

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H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
_m.S>m°. E. Ho$. [_lm Hw$bJwé 2511088 251182 mafsuvc@gmail.com,
vcmafsu@gmail.com
drdhoot@rediffmail.com
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A{Yð>mVm (new{dkmZ emIm) dvtomafsu@hotmail.com
S>m°. E_. ìhr. Omoer g§MmbH$, g§emoYZ 2040028 2511273 drmafsu@gmail.com
S>m°. E_.EZ. PmS>o g§MmbH$, {dñVma {ejU 2040019 2511273 mafsudet@gmail.com
d à{eúmU
lr. {ìh. ~r. amUo Hw$bg{Md 2511784 2511273 registrarmafsu@yahoo.com
lr. Ama.Eg.{H$V©Zo {Z`§ÌH$ ({dÎm d coIm) 2040022 2511273 comptrollermafsu@yahoo.co.in
S>m°.Eg.~r. AmIao OZg§nH©$ A{YH$mar 2040900 2511273 dswmatsu@gmail.com

do~gmB©Q : www.mafsu.in
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 359

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10. _m. S>m°.Eg.~r. XmZ{XZ, _mOr Hw$bJwé 09686873737 dandinbnm@gmail.com
449, {ZgJ©, am_VrW© ZJa, ~oiJm§d, 590016 09449839905
11. S>m°. Eg. S>r. gmd§V, 020-26966002 dimrog@gmail.com
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14. _m. lr Vwfma ~mimgmho~ ndma 9922055896 ---
‘w.nmo. ~ocdS>o hdocr, Vm. H$èhmS>, {O. gmVmam
360 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

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17. _m.Am.lr. {edmOramd H${S>©bo 0241-2450646 --

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18. _m.Am.lr. ^mD$gmho~ _ëhmar H$m§~io 02422-222909 mlabhausahebkamble@

rediffmail.com
Jm|YdUr, dmS>© H«§$. 1, lram_nya, {O.A.ZJa
19. _m.Am.lr. amhþb OJVmn 02487-254295, rahuljagtap606@gmail.com

_w.nmo. [n§niJm§d {ngm, Vm. lrJmo|Xm, {O.A.ZJa 254385
prakashgajbhiye555
20. _m.Am.lr. àH$me JO{^ò 9326155986 @gmail.com
gmB©à^w AnmQ>©_|Q>, a{dZJa, ZmJnwa - 10
21. _m.Am.lr. am_^mB© nmQ>rb --- ---

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23. _m. Hw$bg{Md VWm gXñ` g{Md, 02426-243216 registrar.mpkv@nic.in

H$m`©H$mar n[afX, _\w$H¥${d,
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 361

{dÚmnrR>mVrb A{YH$mar d Ë`m§Mo XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$
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_hm{dÚmb`, _hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f nr.EM².S>r. (H¥${f) (02426) @gmail.com
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_hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya E_.Eñgr. (H¥${f) (0231) rediffmail.com
5. gh`moJr A{Yð>mVm, H¥${f ~r.Eñgr. (H¥${f) S>m°. à_moX agmi 230368 dhulead
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7. H¥${f _hm{dÚmc`, ~r.Eñgr.(H¥${f) S>m°. AemoH$ {ngmi 255128 adackarad@

H$amS>, {O. gmVmam (02164) rediffmail.com
8. H¥${f _hm{dÚmc`, ~r.Eñgr.(H¥${f) S>m°. à_moX agmi 202282 adacnandurbar
Z§Xþa~ma, {O. Z§Xwa~ma (02564) @gmail.com
9. H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr.(H¥ {f) S>m°. gwXm_ nmQ>rb 234220 acmuktainagar
_wº$mB©ZJa, {O. OiJm§d (02583) @gmail.com
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 375

H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`mVrc gh`moJr A{Yð>mVm `§mMo Vm§[ÌH A{YH$mar
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3. H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, Ywio S>m°. E_. Ama nmQ>rb 02562-230368 9420807600
4. H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya S>m°. Ama. ~r. ndma 0231-2605851 9890340073
5. H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, {edmOrZJa, nwUo S>m°. ~r. EZ. ndma 020-25537033 9423784357
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àm. VwH$mam_ ^mo§Sdo H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, nwUo 020-25527033 9421053257
S>m°. A{Zb ^moB©Q>o H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, H$moëhmnya 0231-2605851 9423856870
376 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

_hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>m§VJ©V _mÝ`Vmàmá {dZmAZwXm{ZV _hm{dÚmbò
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H«$. Aä`mgH« _ H$m`m©b`
1 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, H¥${f {dH$mg à{Vð>mZ, ~r.Eñgr. 255518 agricolbmt@rediffmail.com
~mam_Vr, _w.nmo. emaXmZJa, Vm. ~mam_Vr, (H¥${f) 255227
{O. nwUo (02112)
2 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, H¥$îUm ghH$mar gmIa ~r.Eñgr. 266625 krishnaagricollege.retharebk
H$maImZm {b.aoR>ao ~w.&&, _w.nmo. {edZJa, (H¥${f) @gmail.com
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Vm. H$amS>, {O.gmVmam
3 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, ^maVr {dÚmnrR>, ~r.Eñgr. 242700 coahingangaon
H$So>Jm§d, {O.gm§Jbr. (H¥${f) 242701 @bharatividyapeeth.edu.in
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4 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, {ejU àgmaH$ _§S>i, ~r.Eñgr. 227191 agri.akluj@gmail.com
AH$byO, Vm._mi{eag, {O.gmobmnya (H¥${f) 222476
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5 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, _yim EÁ`yHo$eZ ~r.Eñgr. 231769 acsonai@yahoo.co.in
gmogm`Q>r, gmoZB©, Vm. Zodmgm, (H¥${f) 230021
{O. Ah_XZJa (02427)
6 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, _amR>m {dÚm àgmaH$ ~r.Eñgr. 2577536 acn_13@rediffmail.com
g_mO, H$_©`moJr XþbmOr {gVmam_ nmQ>rb (H¥${f) 2317781
H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, CXmoOr _amRm ~moSr©§J (0253)
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7 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, amO_mMr, Vm. H$amS>, ~r.Eñgr. 646167 dmcarajmachi@gmail.com
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8 H$_©dra H$mH$mgmho~ dmK H¥${f ~r.Eñgr. 2303545 principalbscagri@kkwagh.edu.in
_hm{dÚmb`, A_¥VYm_, n§MdQ>r, Zm{eH (H¥${f) 2023042 kkwprinagri@rediffmail.com
(0253)
9 S>m°. S>r. dm`. nmQ>rb EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r, ~r.Eñgr. 306232 principalpvdpagri@gmail.com
H¥${f _hm{dÚmb` Am§~r, Vm. _mdi, (H¥${f) (02114)
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H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 377

10 S>m°. Cëhmg nmQ>rb H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 2200829 agrigodavari@rediffmail.com
OiJm§d, {O. OiJm§d (H¥${f) (0257)
11. H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, \$cQ>U EÁ`wHo$eZ ~r.Eñgr. 225352 ssch2013@gmail.com
gmogm`Q>r, \$cQ>U, {O. gmVmam (H¥${f) 222908
(02166)
12. l_eŠVr H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, godm g§ñH$ma ~r.Eñgr. 265092 shramshaktimaldad
g§ñWm, l_rH$ à{Vð>mU, _w.nmo. _mcXmS>, (H¥${f) 265199 @rediffmail.com
Vm. g§J_Zoa, {O. Ah_XZJa (02425)
13 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, lr. g§V JOmZZ ~r.Eñgr. 263153 shivshankarcae99@gmail.com
_hmamO J«m{_U {dH$mg à{Vð>mU, (H¥${f) 263853 sadguruagri@rediffmail.com
{_aOJm§d, Vm. H$O©V, {O. Ah_XZJa (02489)
14. eaX H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, Zdc^mD ~r.Eñgr. 326110 agricollegeamalner2008
à{Vð>mU, ZdcZJa, _w. nmo. A_iZoa, (H¥${f) @gmail.com
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{O. OiJm§d agricollegeamalner@gmail.com
15 S>m°. S>r. dm`. nmQ>rb EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r, ~r.Eñgr. 2479299 principal.dypcaet@yahoo.in

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16 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, lram_ J«m_rU d ~r.Eñgr. 2735523 lokmangalagriculture
@gmail.com,
{dH$mg à{VîR>mU, _w.nmo.dS>mim, (H¥${f) 2735521 shriram_pratishthan2008
Vm. CËVa gmobmnya, {O. gmobmnya (0217) @yahoo.co.in
17 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, nwÁ` gmZo JwéOr ~r.Eñgr. 229740 princi_agri@rediffmail.com
{ejU àgmaH$ _§S>i, ehmXm, Vm. ehmXm, (H¥${f) 229562
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18 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, Xm|S>mB©Mm, {O. Ywio ~r.Eñgr. 247650 principal.acdondaicha
(H¥${f) 202018 @gmail.com
(02566)
19 gmB©H¥$nm H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, KmaJmd, ~r.Eñgr. 272526 sdskgvp@gmail.com
Vm. lrJmo§Xm, {O. Ah_XZJa (H¥${f) 272525
(02487)
20 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, ~m^wiJmd, Vm. òdcm, ~r.Eñgr. 225040 principal@abyeola.com
{O. Zm{eH$ (H¥${f) (02559)
21 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, àdam J«m_rU {ejU ~r.Eñgr. 272794 pravaracabt@gmail.com
g§ñWm, bmoUr, Vm.amhmVm, {O.Ah_XZJa (H¥${f) 273704
(02422)
22 nÙlr S>m°. {dR>R²>bamd {dIo nmQ>rb \$mD§$S>oeZ ~r.Eñgr. 2327180 vikheagri@gmail.com
H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, {diXKmQ>, Ah_XZJa (H¥${f) (0241)
378 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

23 lram_ H¥$[f _hm{dÚmc`, nmZrd, ~r.Eñgr. 274133 shriramagripaniv@gmail.com
Vm. _mi{eag, {O. gmocmnya (H¥${f) (02185)
24 eaX H¥${f _hm{dÚmc`, O¡Zmnya, ~r.Eñgr. 326110 sharadagri.jainapur@yahoo.com
{O. H$moëhmnya (H¥${f) (02322)
25 amoeZOr e_ZOr H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 272722 rsagricollege14@gmail.com
Zogar, Vm. JS>qh½bO, {O.H$moëhmnya (H¥${f) (02327)
26 H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, _mboJm§d, ~r.Eñgr. 250038 mag.agricollegemalegaon
{O. Zm{eH$ (H¥${f) 250039 @gmail.com
(02554)
27 gwbmoMZm ~oëhoH$a gm_m{OH$ ~hþCÔo{e` ~r.Eñgr. 252199 principalcoabhanashiware
{ejU g§ñWm, H¥${f _hm{dÚmb`, (H¥${f) @gmail.com
(02427)
^mZg{hdam, Vm. Zodmgm, {O. Ah_XZJa
28 \$bmoÚmZ _hm{dÚmb`, \$bQ>U EÁ`yHo$eZ ~r.Eñgr. 222908 ssch2003@gmail.com
gmogm`Q>r Vm.\$bQ>U, {O.gmVmam (CÚmZ{dÚm) 222194
(02166)
29 \$bmoÚmZ _hm{dÚmb`, H$S>oJmd, ~r.Eñgr. 242700 coahingangaon
@bharatividyapeeth.edu.in
{O. gm§Jcr (CÚmZ{dÚm) 242701
(02347)
30 H$. H$m. dmK CÚmZ{dÚm _hm{dÚmc`, ~r.Eñgr. 2303939 principal-bschorti
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(CÚmZ{dÚm) (0253)
31 _wacrYa ñdm_r CÚmZ{dÚm _hm{dÚmc`, ~r.Eñgr. 250039 mgv.horticollege@gmail.com
_mcoJm§d, {O. Zm{eH$ (CÚmZ{dÚm) (02554)
32 lram_ {ejU g§ñWm, CÚmZ{dÚm ~r.Eñgr. 274088 shriramagripaniv@gmail.com
_hm{dÚmc`, nmZrd, Vm. _mi{eag, (CÚmZ{dÚm) (02185)
{O. gmocmnya
33 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, nX²_lr ~r.Qo>H$. 2479299 principal.dypcaet@yahoo.in
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Vig§Xo Vm. hmVH$U§Jbo, {O.H$moëhmnya
34 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, H$_©dra ~r.Qo>H$. 2303104 principal-btechagri
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(H¥${f A{^.) (0253)
Zm{eH$, {ham~mB© h[aXmg {dÚmZJar,
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35 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, JmoXmdar ~r.Qo>H$. 2200829 principal_drupcae@yahoo.co.in
\ mD§ S>oeZ OiJm§d, JmoXmdar hm°pñnQ>b (H¥${f A{^.) (0257) agrigodavari@rediffmail.com
{~ëS>tJ, Vm.{O. OiJm§d
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 379

36 gømÐr H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmc`, ~r.Qo>H$. 252533 sahyadriagriengi@gmail.com
èd§VZJa, H$amS>, {O. gmVmam (H¥${f A{^.) 661500
(02164)
37 lram_ {ejU g§ñWm, H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s ~r.Qo>H$. 274133 shriramagrienggpaniv@gmail.com
_hm{dÚmb`, nmZrd, Vm. _mi{eag, (H¥${f A{^.) (02185)
{O. gmocmnya
38 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, {_aOJm§d, ~r.Qo>H$. 263153 shivshankarcaegg@gmail.com
Vm H$O©V. {O. Ah_XZJa (H¥${f A{^.) 263853
(02489)
39 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, godm ~r.Qo>H$. 265092 shramshaktimaldad
@rediffmail.com
g§ñH$ma g§ñWm, l_rH$ à{Vð>mU, _w.nmo. (H¥${f A{^.) 265199 shramiksangamner
_mcXmS>, Vm. g§J_Zoa, {O. Ah_XZJa (02425) @rediffmail.com
40 H¥${f A{^`m§{ÌH$s _hm{dÚmb`, amO_mMr, ~r.Qo>H$. 646167 dmcarajmachi@gmail.com
Vm H$amS>. {O. gmVmam (H¥${f A{^.) 646127 dmcarajmachi@rediffmail.com
(02164)
41 _moH$mer AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, ~r. Q>oH$. 646127 mcftrajmachi@rediffmail.com
amO_mMr, Vm. H$amS>, {O. gmVmam (AÞ d 646027
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42 _ramO E_ Am` Q>r AÞ V§ÌkmZ ~r. Q>oH$. 26912907 mitcft@mitpune.com
_hm{dÚmb`, bmoUr H$mi^moa, {O. nwUo (AÞ d (020)
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43 AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, Ho$.Ho$. dmK ~r. Q>oH$. 2303507 principal-
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44 l_e³Vr AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, godm ~r. Q>oH$. 265092 shramshaktimaldad

@rediffmail.com
g§ñH$ma g§ñWm, l_rH$ à{Vð>mU, _w.nmo. (AÞ d 265199 shramiksangamner
_mcXmS>, Vm. g§J_Zoa, {O. Ah_XZJa V§ÌkmZ) (02425) @rediffmail.com
45 AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, dmKmobr, ~r. Q>oH$. 245221 coftmohol@gmail.com
Vm. _mohi, {O. gmobmnya (AÞ d 245222
V§ÌkmZ) (02189)
46 S>m°. Cëhmg nmQ>rb AÞ V§ÌkmZ ~r. Q>oH$. 2200829 agrigodavari@rediffmail.com
_hm{dÚmb`, OiJm§d. {O. OiJm§d. (AÞ d (0257)
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47 AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, {XdmZ_im ~r. Q>oH$. 261583 sspmfoodtech.dhule@gmail.com
(bitJ), Ywio, {O. Ywio (AÞ d (02562) foodtechdhule@gmail.com
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380 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

48 AÞ V§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, KmaJm§d, ~r. Q>oH$. 272526 sdskgvp@gmail.com
Vm.lrJm|Xm,{O. Ah_XZJa (AÞ d 272525
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49 O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, àdam J«m_rU ~r. Qo>H$. 272794 pravaracabt@gmail.com
{ejU g§ñWm, bmoUr, Vm.amhmVm, (O¡dV§ÌkmZ) 273704
{O.Ah_XZJa (02422)
50 O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmb`, Ho$.Ho$. dmK ~r. Qo>H$. 2303668 principal-
{ejU g§ñWm, {ham~mB© h[aXmg bscbiotech@kkwagh.edu.in
(O¡dV§ÌkmZ) 2303140
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{dÚmZJar, A_¥VYm_, n§MdQ>r, (0253)
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51 H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, lram_ ~r. Qo>H$. 2735521 lokmangalagribio@gmail.com
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_w. nmo. dS>mim, {O. gmocmnya (0217)
52 H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, àmoJ«o{gìh ~r. Qo>H$. 9011070918 agribiotech2011@gmail.com
EÁ`wHo$eZ gmogm`Q>r, _w.nmo. nm¡S>, Vm. 25535468
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53 H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, amOcú_r ~r. Qo>H$. 2660014 rajlakshmifoundation
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{O. Ah_XZJa @gmail.com
54 H¥${f O¡dV§ÌkmZ _hm{dÚmc`, {dÚm ~r. Qo>H$. 239391 vsbtagribiotch@gmail.com
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~mam_Vr, {O. nwUo (02112)
55 H¥${f nUZ ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ ~r.Eñgr. 20275155 dypabm@gmail.com
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56 H¥${f nUZ ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ ~r.Eñgr. 245011 abm_narayangaon@yahoo.com
_hm{dÚmb`, _w.nmo. ZmamÙJm§d, (H¥${f nUZ 244697
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57 H¥${f ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 6605256 rcsmcabm@despune.org
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H$m°coO H°$ång, {dlm_ ~mJ, gm§Jcr ì`dgm`
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58 H¥${f ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 272794 pravaracabt@gmail.com
cmoUr, Vm. amhmVm, {O. Ah_XZJa (H¥${f nUZ 273704 pravaracabm2011@gmail.com
ì`dgm` (02422)
ì`dñWmnZ)
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 381

59 H¥${f ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 2303311 principal_abm@kkwagh.edu.in
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h[aXmg {dÚmZJar, A_¥VYm_, n§MdQ>r, ì`dgm`
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60 H¥${f ì`dgm` ì`dñWmnZ _hm{dÚmb`, ~r.Eñgr. 206309 abm_gunjalwadipathar
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(02425)
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47. ¸É¨ÉVÉÒ´ÉÒ VÉxÉiÉÉ ºÉ½þÉªÉEò ¨ÉÆb÷³ý, ºÉÉiÉÉ®úÉ ºÉÆSÉÊ±ÉiÉ EÞò¹ÉÒ iÉÆjÉ (02162) 280025
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5. lHo$.ìhr. Xoe_wI > g§MmbH$(H¥${f à{H«$`m d {Z`moOZ) 25510684 25534349
dagriprocess@rediffmail.com
6. S>m°. Eg.Eg. AS>gwi g§MmbH$ (\$bmoËnmXZ) agridhrt.mah@nic.in 25538095 25537565
7. lr. O`§V Xoe_wI g§MmcH$ (AmË_m) diratmams@gmail.com 25512815 21512817
8. lr. Ho$.ìhr. Xoe‘wI ì`dñWmnH$s` g§MmbH$, ( MSFAC) 25533430 25537565
{d^mJr` H¥${f gh g§MmbH$

A.H«$ {d^mJ H moS XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H
H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 nwUo 020 25537696/25537695 25537695
2 RmUo 022 25823479/25820407 25820247
3 Zm{eH 0253 2468361/2468362 2468361
4 H moëhmnya 0231 2600258 2600513
5 Am¡a§Jm~mX 0240 2331094/2334564 2334908
6 bmVya 02382 242438 242229
7 A_amdVr 0721 2563492 2569182
8 ZmJny
> a 0712 255946 255947
Am`wŠV H¥${f H$j (agripa.mah@nic.in)

A.H«$. nXZm_ XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ (020)
H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1. H¥ {f Cng§MmbH$ 26123648 26127707
(Am`wŠV H¥${f H$j) 26126150
2. V§Ì A{YH$mar
3. H¥${f A{YH$mar
5. Am`wº$ H¥$[f `m§Mo ñdr` ghmæ`H$
390 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{Z{dð>m d JwU{Z`§ÌU {d^mJ (directorqc@rediffmail.com)
A. nXZm_ XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ (020)

H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 H¥${f g§MmbH$ ({Z{dð>m d JwU{Z`§ÌU) 26127708 26131064
2 _w»` JwUdÎmm {Z`§ÌU A{YH$mar 26125662 26131064
3 _w»` {ZarjH$ 26114428 26131064
\$bmoËnmXZ {d^mJ (agridhrt.mah@nic.in)

H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1. g§MmbH , \$bmoËnmXZ 25538095 25537565
2. H¥${f ghg§MmbH$ (\$bmo.) 25537045 25537045
_¥X g§YmaU d nmUbmoQ> joÌ ì`dñWmnZ (agridsc2006@rediffmail.com)

H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 g§MmbH$, _¥Xg§YmaU 26055322 26055323
2 H¥${f ghg§MmbH$ (_¥.g§.) 26125163 26055323
{dñVma d à{ejU (agridext.mah@nic.in)

H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 g§> MmbH$, [dñVma d à{ejU 25512825 25512817
2 H¥ {f gh g§MmbH$ ({dà-1) à. 25512830 25512814
3 V§Ì A{YH$mar 25512830 25512814
AmË_m (diratmams@gmail.com)
H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 g§MmbH$, AmË_m 25512826 25512817
2 àH ën g§MmbH$ 25512826 25510049
3 H¥ {f Cn g§MmbH$ 25512824 25510049
4 V§Ì A{YH$mar 25512824 -
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 391

{Z`moOZ d H¥${f à{H«$`m (ddaplanning@rediffmail.com)
H«$. H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 >g§MmbH$, {Z`moOZ d H¥${f à{H«$`m 25510684 25660012
2 >H¥$gg§ ({Z`moOZ) 25512819 25510049
3 H¥$Cg§ (H¥${f à{H«$`m) 25510049 25510049
4 H¥$D$g§ (àH$ën) 25511479 -
{dÚmnrR> H$m`©joÌmVrb {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar
A.H. Zm§d d nËÎmm H$moS> XyaÜdZr \°$Šg

1. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥${f A{YH$mar, Zm{eH$, 0253 2319664 2319664
nQ>ob {~ëS>tJ, {edmOramoS>, Zm{eH$-422001
2. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, Ywio, OwZo 02562 233708, 234580
{Oëhm{YH$mar H$m`m©b`, emgH$s` g§Hw$b, Ywio - 424 002 234580
3. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, Z§Xwa~ma, 02564 224405, 224405
VimoXm amoS>, Z§Xwa~ma-424 412 226918
4. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, OiJmd, 0257 2239054, 2236708
àemgH$s` B_maV, {Oëhm{YH$mar H$m`m©b`meoOmar, OiJmd 2236708
5. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H$¥[f A{YH$mar, Ah_XZJa, 0241 2430557 2430792
gmdSo>r \$m_,©^VwH$a dmS>r, {eS>u amSo>, Ah_XZJa - 414 001
6. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, nwUo, 020 25538310, 25538310,
H¥$[f _hm{dÚmb` H°$ång, nwUo-411 005 25539867 25537718
7. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, 0217 2626845, 2626845
gmobmnya, _Ü`dVu àemgH$s` B_maV, gmobmnya-413001 2726013
8. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, gmVmam, 02162 233836 233836
Z{dZ àemgH$s` B_maV, hOoar_b Eg. Q>r. ñQ>±S>Odi,
gmVmam-415 002
9. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, gm§Jbr, 0233 2305412 2305286
{dO` ZJa, dmbZogdmS>r, gm§Jbr-416 416
10. {Oëhm A{YjH$ H¥$[f A{YH$mar, H$moëhmnya, 0231 2654603 2652034
Q´>oS> g|Q>a, 3 _Obm, Ý`w ehmnwar, H$moëhmnya - 001
392 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

{dÚmnrR> H$m`©joÌmVrb Cn{d^mJr` H¥${f A{YH$mar
{Oëhm H moS> XyaÜdZr {Oëhm H$moS> XyaÜdZr
Zm{eH 0253 2595138 lram_nya 02422 222061
{Z\ mS> 02550 241132 H$O©V 02489 222897
_mboJmd 02554 250518 gmobmnya 0217 2372717
H idU 02592 221402 > > Hw Sw© dmSr 02183 223489
Ywio 02562 231218 n§T>anya 02186 222109
Z§Xwa~ma 02564 223033 H moëhmnya 0231 2662328
ehmXm 02565 223712 H adra 0231 2522070
OiJmd 0257 2229317 JSqh½bO 02327 222446
A_iZoa 02587 222516 gmVmam 02162 234891
nmMmoam 02596 244343 dmB© 02167 227408
nwUo 020 25537867 \$bQ>U 02166 223118
~mam_Vr 02112 228095 H$amS> 02164 223302
amOJwéZJa 02135 222103 {dQm 02347 272613
Ah_XZJa 0241 2450238 OV 02344 246526
g§J_Zoa 02425 225487 {_aO 0233 222621
{dÚmnrR> H$m`©joÌmVrb VmbwH$m H¥${f A{YH$mar

{Oëhm VmbwH$m H$moS> XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$ {Oëhm VmbwH$m H$moS> XayÜdZr H$«_mH§$
Zm{eH$ {Oëhm _mcoJmd 2554 254760 OiJmd OiJmd 257 2240047
gQ>mUm 2555 223907 {Oëhm ^wgmdi 2582 222939
H$idU 2592 223736 `mdc 2585 261536
Zm§XJmd 2552 242302 amdoa 2584 251147
gwaJmUm 2593 223350 _wŠVmB©ZJa 2583 222742
Zm{eH$ 253 2590885 A_iZoa 2587 222675
{X§S>moar 2557 221076 MmonS>m 2586 220216
BJVnwar 2553 244633 Ea§S>moc 2588 244168
noR> 2558 225508 nmamoim 2597 222536
{Z\$mS> 2550 241156 Mm{igJmd 2589 222465
{gÞa 2551 220068 Om_Zoa 2580 230076
Xodim 2592 229611 nmMmoam 2596 244629
Í`§~H$ 2594 233485 YaUJmd 2588 252313
Mm§XdS> 2556 252267 ~moXdS> 2582 275892
^S>Jm§d 2596 283508
Z§Xya~ma {Oëhm ehmXm 2565 223263 Ywio {Oëhm Ywio 2562 231584
Z§Xy~ma 2564 224325 gmH«$s 2568 242452
Zdmnya 2569 261392 qgXIoS>m 2566 222265
VimoXm 2567 232455 {eanya 2563 255004
A¸$cHw$dm 2567 252312
AH«$mUr 2595 220347
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 393

Ah_XZJa Ah_XZJa 241 2430885 nwUo {Oëhm nwUo 20 25537687
{Oëhm nmaZoa 2488 221556 _wier (nm¡S>) 2139 20291170
lrJm|Xm 2487 222310 ^moa 2113 222503
H$O©V 2489 222312 dS>Jm§d-_mdi 2114 235844
Om_IoS> 2421 222337 doëhm 2130 221299
eodJmd 2429 222761 OwÞa 2132 222072
nmWS>u 2428 222039 ISo> amOJéwZJa 2135 223371
Zodmgm 2427 241297 Am§~oJmd 2133 244249
amhþar 2426 235844 {eéa 2138 222267
g§J_Zoa 2425 225804 ~mam_Vr 2112 222766
AH$moco 2424 221024 B§Xmnya 2111 223313
H$monaJmd 2423 285090 Xm¢S> 2117 263358
amhmVm 2423 243341 nawY§a(gmgdS>) 2115 222421
lram_nya 2422 222761
gmobmnya {Oëhm C. gmocmnya 217 2377319 H$moëhmnya H$adra 231 2520233
X. gmocmnya 217 2303695 {Oëhm amYmZJar 2321 234445
~meu 2184 222752 H$mJc 2325 244083
A¸$cH$moQ> 2181 220206 JJZ~mdS>m 2326 22094
_mohmoi 2189 232245 emhþdmS>r 2329 224167
_mT>m 2183 234036 hmVH$U§Jco 230 2483522
H$a_mim 2182 220516 [eamoi 2322 236918
n§T>anya 2186 223108 nÝhmim 2328 235061
gm§Jmocm 2187 220230 JS>qh½cO 2327 224005
_mi{eag 2185 235167 ^wXaJS> 2324 220096
_§JidoT>m 2188 220318 AmOam 2323 246382
M§XJS> 2320 224153
gmVmam {Oëhm gmVmam 2162 248618 gm§Jbr {_aO 233 2222077
H$moaoJmd 2163 220513 {Oëhm dmidm 2344 225132
IQ>md 2161 231204 [eamim 2345 280683
H$amS> 2164 223237 OV 2344 246203
nmQ>U 2372 283263 H$._hm§H$mi 2341 222012
dmB© 2167 222024 {dQ>m 2345 272657
Omdir 2378 285292 AmQ>nmS>r 2343 220206
I§S>mim 2169 252161 VmgJmd 2346 250464
_hm~ioída 2168 260341 H$S>oJmd 2347 242304
\$cQ>U 2166 223187 ncyg 2346 229080
X{hdS>r 2165 220269
(_mU)
394 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ amÁ` H¥${f ì`dñWmnZ d à{ejU g§ñWm d
{d^m{J` H¥${f ì`dñWmnZ d à{ejU g§ñWm
A. Zm§d _w»`mb` H$moS> XyaÜdZr H«$_m§H$
H« . H$m`m©b` \°$Šg
1 lr. EZ. ZdrZ gmoZm, IAS,_hmg§MmbH$ ZmJnya 0712 2555999, 2541944 2543260
2 lr. E_. ìhr. nam§Ono, àmMm`© ZmJnya 0712 2549113 2549113
3 lr. nr. Eg. qeXo, àmMm`© A_amdVr 0721 2662850 2668250
4 lr. `w. Eg. ZcmdSo, àmMm`© Am¡a§Jm~mX 0240 2334124 2334124
6 lr. C_oe nmQ>rc, n«mMm`© H$moëhmnya 0231 2659473 2659473
7 lr. CX` Xoe_wI, àmMm`© Mèhmobr nwU| 020 25535771 25535771
8 lr. Eg. Ama. nmQrc, àmMm`© Zm{eH$ 0253 2572634 2572634
9 lr. Ama. EZ. _w§T,o n«mMm`© Imonmobr 02192 263324 263312
H¥${f {d^mJ, ‘hmamï´> emgZ, ‘§Ìmb¶ {dñVma ^dZ, ‘w§~B©

A.H«$. Zmd nX Zm‘ XþaÜdZr H«$‘m§H$ (022)
H$m¶©b¶ ’°$³g
1. S>m°. {XZoeHw$_ma O¡Z Aßna ‘w»¶ g{Md (H¥$[f) 22025357 22024976
22029342
2. lr. Ho$.dm¶. d§Omao Cng{Md, (H¥${f),H¥${f n[afX d H¥${f {dÚmnrR>o 22025436 22813350
3. gm¡. N>m`m AÜ`mnH$ H$j A{YH$mar-6 (A) 22023713 22813350
4. lr. g§{Xn T>mH$Uo H$j A{YH$mar VWm ‘m{hVr A{YH$mar-7 (A) 22023713 22813350
5. lr. {demb T>moHo$ H$j A{YH$mar-(A) - -
^m.H¥$.A.n., amï´>r¶ g§emoYZ H|$Ð (‘hmamï´>)

A.H«$. g§MmbH$mMo Zmd g§ñWoMo Zmd XþaÜdZr H«$‘m§H$
1. S>m°. Eg.S>r gmd§V amï´>r¶ Ðmj g§emoYZ H|$Ð , nwUo 020-26956001, 26956002
dirnrcg@gmail.com 9371008649
2. S>m°. Ama.Ho$. nmb amï´>r¶ S>mit~ g§emoYZ H|$Ð, gmobmnya 0217-2354330, 2350074
ncrpomegranate@gmail.com, 8888754868
director@nrcpomegranate.org
3. S>m°. E_.Eg. bS>mZr¶m amï´>r¶ qb~yd{J©¶ g§emoYZ H|$Ð, ZmJnya 0712-2500249, 2500615
citrus8_ngp@sancharnet.in , 9422831082
dirnrccngp@gmil.com
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 395

_hmË_m \w$bo H¥${f {dÚmnrR>, amhþar H$m`©joÌmVrb
g§emoYZ H|$Ðo Am{U g§emoYZmImbrb {nHo$ / ~m~r
A.H«$. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð ñWmnZm g§emoYZmVrb à_wI nrH$o / ~m~r
dfo©
1 _Ü`dVu n[aga, _\w$H¥${d, amhþar, 1968 Ádmar, ~mJm`Vr H$mnyg, Á`yQ>, H$S>YmÝò, ^wB©_yJ,
{O. Ah_XZJa- 413722 \$ioo, ^mOrnmbm, Mmam {nHo$, JdV d dUeoVr, {~-
(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) {~`mUo, Am¡fYr d gwJ§Yr dZñnVr, H$moaS>dmhÿ \$io,
nrH$ nÜXVr d nmUr ì`dñWmnZ, g§oÐr` eoVr, EH$mpË_
H$ H$sS> ì`dñWmnZ, O¡d V§ÌkmZ, `§Ìo d Am¡Omao,
_mVr n[ajU, Jmo g§emoYZ, eoir _|T>r n¡Xmg B.
A. npíM_ KmQ> {d^mJ
1. {d^mJr` H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, BJVnyar, {O. 1941 à_wI {nHo$ - ^mV, H$maim, _¥X d Obg§YmaU, amJr
Zm{eH$ -422403(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) BVa {nHo$ - hiX, H$m°\$s
2. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, bmoUmdim, 1958 à_wI {nHo$ -^mV - H$anm amoJ
{O. nwUo -411007
3. {d^mJr` Jhÿ Joadm g§emoYZ H|$Ð, _hm~ioída, 1941 à_wI {nHo$ -Jhÿ - Joadm
Vm. dmB©, {O. gmVmam-412806 BVa {nHo$ - ^mOrnmbm, ñQ´>m°~oar,
4. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, amYmZJar Vm. amYmZJar, 1954 à_wI {nHo$ -^mV,
{O. H$moëhmnya-416212 BVa {nHo$ - KodS>m dJu` {nHo$, Jhÿ, dmb
~. Cn-nd©Vr` {d^mJ
1. {d^mJr` H¥${f g§emoYZ Ho$§Ð, 1985 à_wI {nHo$ -D$g, _H$m, n§T>anyar åh¡g, âS> YmÝ`,
Ama. Ho$. ZJa, e|S>mnmH©$ H$moëhmnya -416 BVa {nHo$ - \$bmoÚmZ- Hw$aUnÜXVr, JdV, H$moaS>dmhÿ
012 (à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) \$io, ^mOrnmbm, gmo`m~rZ, ^wB©_yJ, g|Ðr` eoVr
2. {d^mJr` D$g d Jwi g§emoYZ H|$Ð, H$moëhmnya 1958 à_wI {nHo$ - D$g d Jwi, D$g AmYmarV {nH$ nÜXVr
-416 001
3. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, JS>qh½bO-416 502 1957 à_wI {nHo$ -^mV,
Vm. JS>qh½bO, {O. H$moëhmnya BVa {nHo$ - g|Ðr` eoVr, Iarn Ádmar, H$S>YmÝ`,
{_aMr, JirV YmÝ`, V§~mIw
4. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, H$amS>, Vm. H$amS> 1948 à_wI {nHo$ - Iarn Ádmar, EH$mpË_H$ IV ì`dñWmnZ
{O. gmVmam -415110 d {nH$ nÜXVr,
BVa {nHo$ - gmo`m~rZ, gw`©\w$b, ^wB©_yJ
5. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, dS>Jm§d _mdi-412106, 1940 ^mV, ^mV AmYmarV nrH$ nÜXVr
{O. nwUo
H$._¡XmZr àXoe {d^mJ
1. {d^mJr` H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, JUoeqIS>, nwUo- 1921 à_wI {nHo$ - \$io, ^mOrnmbm, amO_m~rZ, \w$bo,
411007 _gmbm {nHo$
(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) BVa {nHo$ - H$S>YmÝò, Vob{~`m, Jhÿ
396 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

2. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, H$. [S$J«O, Vm. gm§Jbr, 1969 à_wI {nHo$ - hiX, gmo`m~rZ, ^wB©_yJ, nmZdob,
{O. gm§Jbr- 416 305 jmanS> O_rZ, BVa {nHo$ - H$S>YmÝ`, eH©$am H§$X
3. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, {Z\$mS>,Vm. {Z\$mS>, {O. 1932 à_wI {nHo$ -Jhÿ AmYmarV nrH$ nÜXVr,
Zm{eH$ -422 303 BVa {nHo$ - ~mOar, H$S>YmÝ` d JirV YmÝ`
4. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, qnniJm§d ~gd§V 1959 à_wI {nHo$ - Ðmjo, H$m§Xm,
-422209 Vm. {Z\$mS>, {O. Zm{eH$ BVa {nHo$ - S>mir, ^mOrnmbm d bgyU
5. A§Ora d {gVm\$i g§emoYZ H|$Ð, OmYddmS>r, 2009 à_wI {nHo$ - A§Ora d {gVm\$i
Vm. nwa§Xa, {O. nwUo
S>.Adf©U àdU {d^mJ
1. {d^mJr` H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, 97 a{ddma noR>, 1933 à_wI {nHo$ - _¥Xm, H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr, H$aS>B©, gw`©\w$b,
gombmnya-413002 H¥$fr hdm_mZemó, BVa {nHo$ - ~mOar, H$S>YmÝò,
(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) Ádmar
2. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, _mohmoi, Vm. _mohmoi, {O. 1918 à_wI {nHo$ -Ádmar,
gmobmnya-413213 BVa {nHo$ - H$S>YmÝ`, JirV YmÝ`
3. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, OoD$a, Vm. H$a_mim, {O. 1941 à_wI H$m`©$ - g|Ðr` eoVr
gmobmnya-413202 BVa {nHo$ - Ádmar d H$S>YmÝò
4. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, n§T>anya, Vm. n§T>anya, {O. 1981 à_wI {nHo$ - H$S>YmÝ`, JirV YmÝ`
gmobmnya-413304
5. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, Mmg, Vm. ZJa, {O. Ah_ 1941 à_wI {nHo$ - Ádmar, ~mOar, H$S>YmÝ`, JirV YmÝ`
XZJa-414008
6. _Ü`dVu D$g g§emoYZ H|$Ð, nmS>oJm§d, Vm. 1932 à_wI {nHo$ - D$g AmYmarV eoVr d {nH$ nÜXVr
\$bQ>U, {O. gmVmam-415521 BVa {nHo$ - eH©$am H§$X
(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð)
7. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, gmdi{dhra \$m_©, Vm. 1912 à_wI {nHo$ - gw`©\w$b, ~mOar,
H$monaJm§d, {O. Ah_XZJa 423109 BVa {nHo$ - H$S>YmÝ`, gmo`m~rZ, H$mnyg, Jhÿ
8. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, lram_nya, Vm. lram_nya, 1959 à_wI {nHo$ - _mog§~r, qb~ydJu` \$io
{O. Ah_XZJa
9. H¥${f g§emoYZ H|$Ð, Vm.{O. Ywio 1968 à_wI {nHo$ - ~mOar
BVa {nHo$ - H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr, JdV, Iarn Ádmar,
H$S>YmÝ`, JirV YmÝ`, {Oam`Vr H$mnyg
10. S>mit~ g§emoYZ H|$Ð, bI_mnya, Vm. ~mJbmU, 2008 à_wI {nHo$ - S>mit~
{O. Zm{eH$
B . _Ü` _hmamï´> nR>mar {d^mJ
1. Vob{~`m g§emoYZ H|$Ð, Vm. {O.OiJm§d 1913 à_wI {nHo$ - Vob{~`m
(à_wI g§emoYZ H|o$Ð) BVa {nHo$ - Iarn Ádmar, H$moaS>dmhÿ eoVr, JdV,
H$S>YmÝ`, JirV YmÝ`, {Oam`Vr H$mnyg
2. Ho$ir g§emoYZ H|$Ð, Vm. {O. OiJm§d 1949 à_wI {nHo$ - Ho$ir
H¥${fXe©Zr 2016 & 397

gZ 2016 À¶m gmd©O{ZH$ gwQ>çm
A.H«$. gwÅ>rMm {Xdg B§J«Or VmarI dma
1. àOmgÎmmH$ {XZ 26 OmZodmar, 2016 _§Jidma
2. N>ÌnVr {edmOr ‘hmamO O¶§Vr 19 ’o$~«wdmar, 2016 ewH«$dma
3. ‘hm{edamÌr 7 _mM©, 2016 gmo_dma
4. hmoir (Xþgam {Xdg) 24 ‘mM©, 2016 Jwê$dma
5. JwS> ’«$m¶S>o 25 _mM©, 2016 ewH«$dma
6. JwT>rnmS>dm 8 E{àb, 2016 ewH«$dma
7. S>m°.~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a O¶§Vr 14 E{àb, 2016 Jwê$dma
8. am‘Zd‘r 15 E{àb 2016 ewH«$dma
9. ‘hmdra O¶§Vr 19 E{àb, 2016 _§Jidma
10. ~wÜX nm¡{U©‘m 21 ‘o 2016 e{Zdma
11. a‘PmZ B©X (B©X-Cb-{’$Va) (eìdb-1) 6 Owb¡, 2016 ~wYdma
12. ñdmV§Í¶ {XZ 15 Am°JñQ>, 2016 gmo_dma
13. nmaer Zddf© {XZ (ehoZemhr) 17 Am°JñQ>, 2016 ~wYdma
14. JUoe MVwWu 5 gßQ>|~a, 2016 gmo_dma
15. ~H$ar B©X (B©X-Cb-PwAm) 13 gï>|~a, 2016 _§Jidma
16. Xgam 11 Am°³Q>mo~a, 2016 _§Jidma
17. ‘moha‘ 12 Am°³Q>mo~a, 2016 ~wYdma
18. {Xdmir (~{bà{VnXm) 31 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 2016 gmo_dma
19. Jwé ZmZH$ O¶§Vr 14 Zmoìh|~a, 2016 gmo_dma
20. B©X-E-{‘bmX 12 {S>g|~a, 2016 gmo_dma
~±H$mgmR>r
1. ~±H$mZm Amnbo dm{f©H$ boIo nyU© H$aVm ¶oÊ¶mgmR>r 1 E{àb, 2016 ewH«$dma
Cnamo³V gwÅ>r ~±H$mgmR>r ‘¶m©{XV Amho. gXahÿ gwÅ>r emgH$s¶ H$m¶m©b¶mgmR>r bmJy Zmhr.
Imbrb gU a{ddmar ¶oVmV
1 _hmamï´> {XZ 1 _o, 2016 a{ddma
2 _hmË_m Jm§Yr O`§Vr 2 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 2016 a{ddma
3 {Xdmir A_mdñ`m (bú_rnyOZ) 30 Am°ŠQ>mo~a, 2016 a{ddma
4 {¼g_g 25 {S>g|~a, 2016 a{ddma
A{V[a³V gwÅ>r
1. ^mD$~rO 1 Zmoìh|~a, 2016 _§Jidma
398 Ÿ& H¥${fXe©Zr 2016

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