Hardware Research - The Mouse

Eric Cristante

1
Overview

What will be covered in this Presentation?

- Overview of the mouse - Future Outlook

1. History 1. New Features
2. Variations 2. Leading products
3. Special Terminology
- How It works - Specifications
1. Internal subsystems, structure, etc 1. Price
2. Diagrams 2. Speed
3. Operations 3. Size
2
Special Terminology To Consider

HID: LED:
Human Interface Device Light emitting diode

DSP: USB:
Digital Signal Processor Universal Serial Bus

CMOS: Bandwidth(Data):
Complementary Metal Oxide The amount of data that can be transmitted
Semiconductor in a fixed amount of time

3
Typical Mouse Specifications

DPI : Weight:

Dots per inch, measurement of the The weight of the mouse in grams

sensitivity of a mouse Range(Wireless):

IPS: The maximum range before the mouse

Inches per second, measure of how fast the loses connection

mouse can be moved before the sensor Dimensions:

loses the ability to track the light The length, width and height of the mouse

Cable Length: Report Rate:

Measurement of the length of the cable, or The rate at which messages from the

USB cable, if the mouse is not wireless mouse are sent to the computer in
milliseconds 4
Types of Mouse Optical:

and Their History - Most commonly used amongst the type of mouses
- The optical mouse was, like the laser mouse,
developed by Agilent in 1999
- Uses an LED to track movements

5
Types of Mouse Roller/Trackball:

and Their History

- Contains a plastic ball in which the user moves the
ball in order to move the cursor
- Sensors inside the case detect where and which
direction the ball is moving
- First models were invented by Tom Cranston and
Fred Longstaff in 1952
- All mouses are classified as HID’s

6
How Does An Optical Mouse Work (Process)

- The optical mouse utilizes a LED (Light emitting

diode) that reflects off the surface under the
mouse and onto the CMOS (complementary
metal-oxide semiconductor) Sensor

Pixel Array

7
How Does An Optical Mouse Work? (Process)

- After the CMOS sensor is done with the process of

converting the photons it sends each image to the DSP
(Digital Signal Processor) to be analyzed
- The DSP then analyzes each of the images sent from the
sensor and detects patterns in the images and
investigates how the patterns or images changed based
on the previous image
- Based on the changes in the pattern and images the
DSP figures out how far the mouse was moved and
sends the results to the computer in the form of
8
coordinates
Mouse Connectivity

USB

- Most mice today use a USB connector that

you attach to your computer using a USB
port

- Most mice use the USB 3.0 connector

which have a bandwidth of 5 Gigabits/s,
which is the equivalent of 640
Megabytes/s

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 Inside An Optical Mouse

Left Mouse Button Right Mouse Button

Middle Mouse Button

CMOS Sensor

DSP

LED

USB Cables
Printer Circuit Board

10
Inside An Optical Mouse

Light/CMOS Sensor

LED

11
How Does a Trackball Mouse Work?

- A trackball mouse contains a ball inside the mouse that

touches the desktop and rolls when the mouse is moved
around
- There are two seperate rollers located inside the mouse
that are used to detect motion
- One for each axis (X and Y)
- Each of the rollers are connected to a shaft, which
are connected to a disk, where an infrared LED and
infrared sensor sit behind it

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How Does a Trackball Mouse Work?

On-board processor chip

- The holes on the disk are used to break the beams of
light
- So, when the mouse is being moved, it will cause pulses
of light, that the infrared sensor will detect
- The rate of the pulsing of light is directly proportional to
the speed of the mouse and the distance it travels
- An On-board processor chip will read these pulses from
the sensors, and turn them into binary data for the
computer to understand

13
How Does a Trackball Mouse Work?

1. Left mouse button

2. Middle mouse button
3. Right mouse button
4. USB cables
5. On-board processor chip
6. X-axis wheel
7. Y-axis wheel
8. Rubber wheel
9. Spring (used to ensure that the ball is firmly pushed
up against the Y and X-axis wheels
10. Electrolytic capacitor
11. Resistors

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How Does a Trackball Mouse Work?

15
Optical Mouse Comparison

DPI

100 - 16,000 100 - 8,200

LOGITECH G502 Logitech MMO
Lightspeed WEIGHT
Gaming Mouse
Wireless Gaming - $49.99
114 Grams 133 Grams
Mouse - $199.99
MAX SPEED/ACCELERATION
- Hyper fast - Onboard memory
scroll wheel
- POWERPLAY
400IPS 160IPS
compatibility
- Onboard REPORT RATE
memory
- Special 1 ms 1 ms 16
Tracking tech
Gaming Mouse
Market Share
- Gaming mouse industry
primarily dominated by
Logitech and Razer, as they
make up over 70% of total
mouse ownership amongst
those above 18 years of age
- The best selling mouse by the
industry leader, Logitech, was
the G502

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Future Trends
and Technology
Tap Strap

- Wearable/mobile
keyboard/mouse strap that lets
you interact with other devices
- Could be used as a mouse by
placing your thumb on the
surface, shaping your hands
into the shape of a mouse and
moving it along

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Does Anyone Have Any Questions Or Concerns

19
References

“Optical Mouse,Optical Mouse Inventors.” Edubilla.com, www.edubilla.com/invention/optical-mouse/.

Rouse, Margaret. “What Is CMOS Sensor? - Definition from WhatIs.com.” WhatIs.com, TechTarget, 16 Feb. 2018,
whatis.techtarget.com/definition/CMOS-sensor.

Contributors, HowStuffWorks.com. “What Is the Difference between CCD and CMOS Image Sensors in a Digital Camera?”
HowStuffWorks, HowStuffWorks, 1 Apr. 2000, electronics.howstuffworks.com/cameras-photography/digital/question362.htm.

Carmack, Carmen. “How Computer Mice Work.” HowStuffWorks, HowStuffWorks, 24 Apr. 2000,
computer.howstuffworks.com/mouse4.htm.

“A Beginner's Guide to Digital Signal Processing (DSP).” A Beginner's Guide to Digital Signal Processing (DSP) | Design Center |
Analog Devices, www.analog.com/en/design-center/landing-pages/001/beginners-guide-to-dsp.html#.

“Imaging Electronics 101: Understanding Camera Sensors for Machine Vision Applications.” Edmund Optics Worldwide,
www.edmundoptics.com/knowledge-center/application-notes/imaging/understanding-camera-sensors-for-machine-vision-applications/.

Woodford, Chris. “How Does a Computer Mouse Work?” Explain That Stuff, 3 Sept. 2019, 20
www.explainthatstuff.com/computermouse.html.