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Sla 7-8 PDF
Sla 7-8 PDF
Overview
Behaviourism
– Mimicry And Memorization
Innatism
– Monitor Model
Cognitive Perspective
– Information Processing
– Usage-based Learning
– Competition Model
EXPLAINING L2 – Language And The Brain
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4. Comprehensible Input
5. Affective Filter
Monitoring takes place only when the speaker/writer has Based on morpheme-order studies.
plenty of time
is concerned about producing correct language
has learned the relevant rules
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Cognitive psychologists:
no mental module devoted to L1/L2 acquisition.
all learning is based on the same cognitive processes.
Cognitive Theories
The Cognitive Perspective Information Processing
Information Processing
Usage-Based Learning
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Cognitive Theories
Skill Learning
Declarative Procedural Automatic
Attention tests
Cognitive Theories
Skill Learning Skill Learning
New information first as Declarative Knowledge Procedural Knowledge
Declarative Knowledge
The learner is aware of the information and can report noticing it.
Knowing what Knowing how
Practice declarative knowledge is proceduralized
Applying the rules
(may become Procedural Knowledge) Knowing facts/rules
Thinking about the Declarative Knowledge during the performance disrupts fluency. Automatic
Conscious
Cognitive Theories
Restructuring (McLaughlin, 1990)
Restructuring, U-shaped Learning
Not all knowledge follows the declarative- E.g., Lightbown (1983): L1: French L2: English
procedural-automatic path. The use of –ing form in English among learners (6th, 7th, 8th grade)
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‘The box was pushed by the boy.’ English speakers word order; Italian speakers animacy
Experience-based learning
Language and the Brain (Neurolinguistics) Language and the Brain (Neurolinguistics)
Classical
assumption Language functions are located in the left
hemisphere.
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How does input become comprehensible? (Long, 1983, 1986) How does input become comprehensible? (Long, 1983, 1986)
Self-repetition or paraphrase:
'She got lost on her way home from school. She was walking home from
Interaction hypothesis
• confirmation check
clarification request
comprehension check
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Interaction hypothesis
Revised version of the Interaction Hypothesis
comprehension
Negotiation Tasks:
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Self-regulation: indicates an autonomous mature person, who The learners are brought into a shared consciousness through
needs no help in solving a problem. collaborative talk, until they take over new knowledge/skills.
Scaffolding:
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WHICH THEORY????
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