VII.

DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE

1. What is a document?
2. What is a documentary evidence?
3. What is an original document?
4. What is the Best Evidence Rule (BER)?
5. What are the requisites for the application of the BER?
6. What is a secondary evidence?
7. What are the requisites for the introduction of secondary
documentary evidence?
8. What is parol evidence?
9. What is the parol evidence rule?
10. What are the requisites for the application of the
parol evidence rule?
11. What are the exceptions to the parol evidence rule?
12. What is intrinsic ambiguity in a document?
13. Differentiate Parol Evidence Rule from Best
Evidence Rule.
14. What is authentication of a documentary evidence?
15. What documentary evidence requires no
authentication?
16. What are the kinds of documents according to the
manner of authentication?
17. Differentiate private documents from public
documents?
18. What are the different kinds of public documents?
Give one example for each.
19. What will you present if you want to prove an official
record?
20. When is a document or record required to be
attested?
21. What should be stated in the attestation?
22. How do you prove the non-existence of an official
record?
23. What kind of public documents are judicial records?
24. How do you impeach documentary evidence in
general?
25. How do you impeach judicial records?
26. What are notarial documents?
27. Is an affidavit a notarial document?
28. Is an affidavit a public document?
29. How do you prove notarial documents?
30. When may an altered document be admissible?
31. Differentiate these kinds of public documents as to
what they may prove. (ref: RP vs. Fe Roa Gimenez
G.R. No. 174673 dated January 11, 2016)
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32. What is a private document? (Otero vs. Tan G.R.
No. 200134 dated August 15, 2012)
33. How may a private writing be authenticated?
34. How is the genuineness of a handwriting proven?
35. Give ten rules as regards the interpretation of
documents.

36. How do you authenticate these now that they are

considered documentary evidence under the 2019 revised
rules:

a. photograph

b. video

37. Rules on Electronic Evidence (A.M. No. 01-7-01-SC)

a. What are governed by the Rules on Electronic

Evidence?

b. Is it applicable to criminal cases?

c. What is electronic evidence?

d. What is an electronic document?

e. What is an electronic signature?

f. What are the presumptions regarding an

electronic signature?

g. How is an electronic signature different from a

digital signature?

h. How does an electronic signature work?

i. How is an electronic evidence authenticated?

j. What is an ephemeral evidence?

k. To be continued promise 