Hóa Lý Polymer Part 4

Khoa Hóa
PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam
ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS
of chemistry and chemical engineering

Khoa Hóa
PART 1. GENERAL CHEMISTRY
Unit 2. Chemical bonding, Molecule and

Compound (4 hrs)
Khoa Hóa
HỌC PHẦN: AVCN

2 TC LT
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Khoa Hóa
Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

3.1 Organic chemistry 3.3 Compound
3.1.1 What is organic chemistry? 3.3.1 What is a compound?
3.1.2 Organic Reaction 3.3.2 Chemical formula
3.1.2 Covalent bonds 3.3.3 Structural formula
3.1.3 Metallic bonding 3.4 Exercices
3.2 Molecule 3.4.1 Listening comprehension
3.2.1 What is a molecule? 3.4.2 Reading comprehension
3.2.2 Molecule Shape 3.4.5 Matching
3.2.3 Size of molecule 3.4.6 Laboratory glassware

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3.1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LISTENING:
• 3.1.1 What is organic chemistry?

• Reading
• Listening
• Developing vocabulary
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• 3.1.2 Organic Reaction

• Listening
• Translate into Vietnamese:
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3.1.3 Carbon chain and rings

Listening
• Listening
• Reading and translate into Vietnamese
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3.1 ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• 3.1.4 Covalent bonds

• Listening
• Reading
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• 3.1.5 Carbon with oxygen
• Listening
• Reading
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• 3.1.6 Carbon with nitroge
• Listening
• Reading
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3.2 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
• 3.2.1 Metal
• Listening
• Reading
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• 3.2.2 Nonmetal
• Reading
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• 3.2.3 Metalloids
• Reading
• Listening
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3.2 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY READING
• 3.2.4 Silicon element • The name silicon derives from the Latin silex
• Silicon element or silicis, meaning “flint” or “hard stone.”
Amorphous elemental silicon was first
• Silicon (Si), a nonmetallic chemical element in
isolated and described as an element in 1824
the carbon family (Group 14 [IVa] of the
by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist.
periodic table). Silicon makes up 27.7 percent
Impure silicon had already been obtained in
of Earth’s crust; it is the second most
1811. Crystalline elemental silicon was not
abundant element in the crust, being
prepared until 1854, when it was obtained as
surpassed only by oxygen.
a product of electrolysis.
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• 3.2.4 Silicon element • Certainly, many of the naturally occurring

• In the form of rock crystal, however, silicon compounds called silicates were used in
was familiar to the predynastic Egyptians, various kinds of mortar for construction of
who used it for beads and small vases; to the dwellings by the earliest people.
early Chinese; and probably to many others
of the ancients. The manufacture of glass
containing silica was carried out both by the
Egyptians—at least as early as 1500 BCE—
and by the Phoenicians.
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• 3.2.5 Silicone compounds and stability at both high and low temperatures
• Silicone, also called polysiloxane, any of a have led to a wide range of commercial
diverse class of fluids, resins, or elastomers applications, from lubricating greases to
based on polymerized siloxanes, substances electrical-wire insulation and biomedical implants
whose molecules consist of chains made of (such as breast implants).
alternating silicon and oxygen atoms. Their
chemical inertness, resistance to water and
oxidation,
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• 3.2.5 Silicone compounds This lack of carbon in the polymer backbones

The silicones differ from most industrial polymers makes polysiloxanes into unusual “inorganic”
in that the chains of linked atoms that make up polymers—though in most members of the class
the backbones of their molecules do not contain two organic groups, usually vinyl (CH2),methyl
carbon, the characteristic element of organic (CH3), or phenyl (C6H5), are attached to each
compounds. silicon atom. A general formula for silicones is
(R2SiO)x, where R can be any one of a variety
of organic groups.
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• 3.2.6 Silica mineral Free silica occurs in many crystalline forms with
Any of the forms of silicon dioxide (SiO2), a composition very close to that of silicon
including quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, coesite, dioxide, 46.75 percent by weight being silicon
stishovite, lechatelierite, and chalcedony. and 53.25 percent oxygen. Quartz is by far the
Various kinds of silica minerals have been most commonly occurring form. Tridymite,
produced synthetically; one is keatite. cristobalite, and the hydrous silica mineral opal
are uncommon, and vitreous (glassy) silica,
Silica minerals make up approximately 26
coesite, and stishovite have been reported from
percent of Earth’s crust by weight and are
only a few localities. Several other forms have
second only to the feldspars in mineral
been produced in the laboratory but have not
abundance.
been found in nature. 18
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3.3 Exercises
3.3.1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION
• Listening
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3.3.Exercises
3.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION AND TRANSLATE IT INTO VIETNAMESE
• Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol

Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle
crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic
luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and
semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in
the periodic table: carbon is above it; and
germanium, tin, and lead are below it. It is
relatively unreactive. Its melting and boiling
points of 1414°C and 3265°C respectively are
the second-highest among all the metalloids
and nonmetals, 20
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3.3 Exercises
3.3.2 READING COMPREHENSION
being only surpassed by boron. Silicon is the

eighth most common element in the universe by
mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element
in the Earth's crust. It is most widely distributed
in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as
various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or
silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is
composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the
second most abundant element in the Earth's
crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen.
• 21
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3.3 Exercises
•
•
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3.3 Exercises
• Most silicon is used commercially without

being separated, and often with little
processing of the natural minerals. Such use
includes industrial construction with clays,
silica sand, and stone. Silicates are used in
Portland cement for mortar and stucco, and
mixed with silica sand and gravel to make
concrete for walkways, foundations, and
roads.
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3.3 Exercises
• They are also used in whiteware ceramics

such as porcelain, and in traditional quartz-
based soda-lime glass and many other
specialty glasses. Silicon compounds such as
silicon carbide are used as abrasives and
components of high-strength ceramics.
Silicon is the basis of the widely used
synthetic polymers called silicones.
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3.3 Exercises
The late 20th century to early 21st century has

been described as the Silicon Age (also known
as the Digital Age or Information Age) due to
elemental silicon having a large impact on the
modern world economy. The relatively small
portion of very highly purified elemental silicon
used in semiconductor electronics (< 10%) is
essential to the metal-oxide-silicon (MOS)
transistors and integrated circuit chips used in
most modern technology (such as computers &
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3.3 Exercises
• computers and cell phones, for example). The

most widely used silicon device is the
MOSFET (metal-oxide-silicon field-effect
transistor), which has been manufactured in
larger numbers than any other device in
history. Free silicon is also used in the steel
refining, aluminium-casting, and fine chemical
industries (often to make fumed silica).
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3.3 Exercises
Silicon is an essential element in biology,

although only traces are required by animals.
However, various sea sponges and
microorganisms, such as diatoms and radiolaria,
secrete skeletal structures made of silica. Silica
is deposited in many plant tissues. (Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon)
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3.3 Exercises
3.3.3 VOCABULARY
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3.3 Exercises
3.3.4 ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS
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2.4 Exercises
2.4.5 MATCHING
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3.3 Exercises
3.3.6 LABORATORY GLASSWARE
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Exercises
NOTE: Neque in
dignissim, and quet
nis et umis varius.
Khoa Hóa
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Khoa Hóa

PGS.TS. Phạm Cẩm Nam

ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS

of chemistry and chemical engineering

PART 1. GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Unit 2. Chemical bonding, Molecule and

HỌC PHẦN: AVCN

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

3.2.2 Molecule Shape 3.4.5 Matching

3.2.3 Size of molecule 3.4.6 Laboratory glassware

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.1.1 What is organic chemistry?

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.1.2 Organic Reaction

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

3.1.3 Carbon chain and rings

• Reading and translate into Vietnamese

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.1.4 Covalent bonds

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.1.5 Carbon with oxygen

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.1.6 Carbon with nitroge

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.2.4 Silicon element • Certainly, many of the naturally occurring

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• 3.2.5 Silicone compounds This lack of carbon in the polymer backbones

Unit 3. Organic and Inorganic Chemistry

• Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol

being only surpassed by boron. Silicon is the

• Most silicon is used commercially without

• They are also used in whiteware ceramics

The late 20th century to early 21st century has

• computers and cell phones, for example). The

Silicon is an essential element in biology,

NOTE: Remember to update

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