Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
The
output
supplied
by
the
firm:
MC
=
MR
=
P
2q/200
=
5
=>
q=
500
profit
=
total
revenue
–
total
cost
=
(5
x
500)
–
(722
+
5002/200)
=
2500
–
1972
=
528
b.
Because
firms
are
earning
positive
profits,
in
the
long-‐run
we
would
expect
entry
o
the
industry.
This
will
shift
the
market
supply
curve
to
the
right.
Equilibrium
quantity
will
increase
and
the
price
will
decrease.
c.
In
the
long-‐run
the
lowest
price
at
which
each
firm
would
sell
its
output
is
the
AC
(average
cost).
At
this
price
the
(economic)
profit
of
the
firm
will
be
zero.
d.
In
the
short-‐run
the
lowest
price
at
which
each
firm
would
sell
its
output
is
the
AVC
(average
variable
cost).
At
this
price
the
(economic)
profit
of
the
firm
will
be
negative,
since
the
firm
will
still
have
to
pay
its
fixed
costs.
Monopoly
Exercise
3
A
firm
face
the
following
average
revenue
(Demand)
curve:
P
=
120
–
0.02Q
Where
Q
is
weekly
production
and
P
is
price,
measured
in
cents
per
unit.
The
firm’s
cost
function
is
given
by
C
=
60Q
+
25000.
Assume
that
the
firm
maximizes
profits.
a. What
is
the
level
of
production,
price,
and
total
profit
per
week?
b. If
the
government
decides
to
levy
(impose)
a
tax
of
14
cents
per
unit
on
this
product,
what
will
be
the
new
level
of
production,
price
and
profit?
Solution
a.
MC
=
MR
MC
=
60
MR
=
dTR/dQ
TR
=
AR
x
Q
==è
MR
=
120
–
0.04
Q
è
Q
=
1500
è
P
=
90
è
Profit
=
1500x90
–
(60
x
1,500
+
25000)
=
20,000
cents
=
200
dollars
c. Suppose
initially
that
the
consumers
must
pay
the
tax.
Since
the
price
(including
the
tax)
that
consumers
would
be
willing
to
pay
remains
unchanged,
the
demand
function
can
be
written
P
+
t
=
120
–
0.02Q
–
t.
Because
the
tax
increases
the
price
of
each
unit,
total
revenue
for
the
monopolist
increases
by
t,
so
MR
=
120
–
0.04Q
–
t,
where
t
=
14
cents.
To
determine
the
profit-‐maximizing
output
with
tax,
equate
marginal
revenue
and
marginal
cost:
120
–
0.04Q
–
14
=
60,
or
Q
=
1150
units.
From
the
demand
function,
average
revenue
=
120
–
0.02x1150
–
14
=
83
cents.
Total
profit
is
1450
cents
0r
14.50
dollars
per
week.
Exercise
2
The
following
table
shows
the
demand
curve
facing
a
monopolist
who
produces
at
a
constant
marginal
cost
of
10
TND.
2
PRICE
QUANTITY
18
0
16
4
14
8
12
12
10
16
8
20
6
24
4
28
2
32
0
36
a. Calculate
the
firm’s
marginal
revenue
curve.
b. What
are
the
firm’s
profit-‐maximizing
output
and
price?
What
is
its
profit?
c. What
would
the
equilibrium
price
and
quantity
be
in
competitive
industry?
d. What
would
be
the
social
gain
be
if
this
monopolist
were
forced
to
produce
and
price
at
the
competitive
equilibrium?
Who
would
gain
and
lose
as
a
result?
Solution
a. In
a
monopoly
AR
=
P
=
a
–
bQ
è
MR
=
a
–
2b.Q;
a
=
18,
b
=
0.5
è
MR
=
18
–
Q
b. MR
=
MC
è
18
–
Q
=
10
è
Q
=
10;
P
=
18
–
0.5x10
=
13;
Profit
=
10
(13
–
10)
=
30
c. In
a
competitive
market
MR=
MC
=
AR
=
P
è
18
–
0.5xQ
=
10
è
Qcomp.
=
16
è
Pcomp
=
10
d. The
social
gains
would
correspond
to
the
previous
“Deadweight
Loss”.
Social
Gain
=
(16
–
10)
x
(13
–
10)
/2
=
9.
This
gain
will
go
entirely
to
the
consumers
and
the
monopolist
surplus
will
be
lost.
Deadweight
loss
=
new
gains
of
the
question
d.
13
10
MC
AR
10 16
3