In Boolean expression, the XNOR gate is

expressed as :
Y = 𝐴⋅B’ + 𝐴’⋅𝐵 = A ⊙ B

The following inference can be easily drawn from

the working of electrical circuit:

(i) If the switch A and B are kept open (A=0,

B=0) then bulb glows, hence Y=1
(ii) If the switch A is kept open and B is kept
closed (A=0, B=1) then bulb does not glow,
hence Y=0
(iii) If the switch A is kept closed and B is kept
open (A=1, B=0) then the bulb does not
glow, hence Y=0
(iv) If the switch A and B are kept closed (A=1,
B=1) then bulb will glow, hence Y=1

TRUTH TABLE :
Input A Input B OUTPUT
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
 Conclusion :
- Logic gates are used to develop many IC circuits or
microchips in today’s modern world.

- NAND gate and NOR gate are known as universal gates

because we can construct all the three basic gates using
NAND & NOR gates.

- Logic gates are used in microprocessor chips that

are used in digital devices. 

- They are the fundamental building blocks of digital

integrated circuits.

- They are used to make a few combinational circuits like

multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders, decoders, etc.

- Computer carries out all the operations by the combination

of signals that pass through standard blocks of built-in
circuits.

- Many early electromechanical digital computers, such as the

Harward Mark I, were built from logic gates using electro-
mechanical relays.

- NAND Gates are used in burglar alarms and buzzers.

- AND Gates are used to enable DATA Transfer function.
- They are used in the functioning of street lights.
- They are also used in TTL (Transistor Transistor Logic) and
CMOS Circuitry.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
:
- This Project would have been nearly
incomplete if I had not researched about
the topic and the information related to it
in the following books and websites.

Books :

- NCERT Class 12
- Nootan Physics (12)
WEBSITES :