1) Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the bases for the

analysis of probabilities and consequences of failure.

A. Absolute Risk
B. Qualitative risk assessment (resp)
C. Relative risk
D. Nominal risk

2) ………… analytical tool that display initiating events and combinations of

system successes and failures
A. Fault trees
B. Event trees (resp)
C. Logic trees
D. None of the above

3) Process used to assign values to the probability and consequence of a risk.

A. Risk estimation (resp)
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk identification
D. Risk Management

4) The risk prior to mitigation activities is:

A. Known risk
B. Unmitigated risk (resp)
C. Mitigated risk
D. Risk analysis

5) The following are not a residual risk factors for loss of containment
A. Human error
B. Natural disasters
C. Fundamental limitations of inspection method
D. Small leak occurred by localized corrosion (resp)

6) RBI is focused on a systematic determination of

A. Relative risks (resp)
B. Absolute risks
C. Comparable risks
D. Total risks

7) If the probability and consequence combination (risk) is high enough to be

unacceptable, then
A. A mitigation action to minimize or prevent the event and obtain an
acceptable risk shall be recommended. (resp)
B. A mitigation action to predict or prevent the event is not recommended
C. Warrant to analyze risks involved
D. Maintain in this risk
8) Qualitative risk analysis is presented as a
A. Precise numeric value
B. Form of risk matrix (resp)
C. Form of event tree and fault tree
D. Form of plot matrix

9) …………. Is a risk management activity that may lead to risk reduction.

A. Risk Criteria
B. Risk Estimation
C. Fitness for services (resp)
D. Established physical limits of RBI

10) Water curtain and water spray/deluge can be used to:

A. Reduce the consequence magnitude (resp)
B. Reduce the probability magnitude
C. Reduce the Rate and susceptibility of the damage mechanics
D. All of the above

11) The primary product of a RBI effort should be

A. An inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated (resp)
B. Mitigation plan for each equipment item evaluated
C. Residual risk assessment plan for each equipment item evaluated
D. Mitigation Plan

12) Typically, this documentation should include in the document data and final
report, except:
A. RBI Methodology
B. Water Curtain Study (resp)
C. Time Frame
D. Risk Assessment Results

13) Following are some of the recognized risks which cannot be managed by
inspection alone except:
A. Equipment nearing retirement.
B. Failure mechanisms (such as brittle fracture, fatigue) where avoidance
of failure primarily depends on operating within a defined
pressure/temperature envelope.
C. High susceptibility by Stress corrosion cracking (resp)
D. Dominated risk by Consequence.
14) Following are the non-inspection mitigation actions except:
A. Replacement or upgrade
B. Equipment redesign
C. Maintenance of strict controls on operating conditions
D. Risk management, to making Internal inspection and apply Wet
fluoresces magnetic particle in all weld when the equipment has high
susceptibility by SCC (resp)

15) Uses logic models that represent combinations of events that could lead to
serious accidents and physical models that show the progression of accidents
and the transport of a hazardous material to the environment
A. Quantitative analysis
B. Qualitative analysis
C. Semi-quantitative analysis
D. All of the above

16) Equipment reliability Management is especially important and can be linked

with RBI if leaks can be caused by
A. Primary failures such as leak due to severe corrosion
B. Tertiary failures due to valve gland packing leak
C. Secondary failures, such as loss of utilities (resp)
D. None of the above

17) Reliability efforts, such as reliability centered maintenance (RCM), can be

linked with RBI, resulting in an integrated program to
A. Reduce downtime in an operating unit. (resp)
B. Reduce operating time in a unit
C. To reduce risk by mitigation activities
D. Reduce the COF

18) ……………term of reference by which the significance of risk is judged, may

content cost, regulatory law, socio-economical and environmental aspect
A. Risk plan
B. Risk criteria (resp)
C. Risk analysis
D. Risk management

19) ………………….. Is usually not the primary objective of a RBI assessment,

but it is frequently a side effect of optimization.
A. Reducing inspection costs (resp)
B. Increasing inspection costs
C. Increasing frequency of inspection programs
D. Mechanical degradation monitoring
20) When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk,
one or more of the following cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except:
A. Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be
eliminated.
B. Intrusive inspection may be substituted by on-stream and non-intrusive
inspection. (resp)
C. On-stream or non-intrusive inspection methods may be substituted for
intrusive methods that require equipment shutdown.
D. More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less
effective frequent inspections.

21) The major factor to consider in evaluate the consequences of failures

included:
A. Event Flammable
B. Toxic release
C. Release of other hazardous fluid
D. All of the above (resp)

22) RBI benefits included:

A. More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less
effective frequent inspections.
B. Reduce the COF
C. An overall reduction in risk for the facilities assessment and
acceptance/understanding the current risk (resp)
D. Instrumentation and electrical control risk assessment

23) The following are the risks identified by RBI assessment that may be
managed by actions other than inspection:
A. Amine SCC occurring in the shell reactor.
B. Modification of operating procedures to avoid situations driving the risk.
(resp)
C. General corrosion monitoring by UT scanning
D. Identifying and detecting deterioration and predicting future
deterioration states with advanced inspection technique(s).

24) Generally, a qualitative analysis using broad ranges requires a ………………

from the user than a quantitative approach.
A. Lower level of judgment, skill and understanding
B. Higher level of judgment, Experience and expertise (resp)
C. A logic model and probabilistic model
D. A numeric descriptor
25) Following are the ways of risk mitigation during RBI Management
A. By Inspection/condition monitoring.
B. Consequence mitigation
C. Probability of mitigation
D. All the above. (resp)

26) Potential source of errors in RBI analysis regarding data quality are the
following except
A. Assumptions in equipment history
B. Outdated drawings and documentation
C. Clerical and transcription error
D. Make inspection with advanced inspection methods and validate the
data obtained (resp)

27) Who should be consulted to define the equipment deterioration mechanisms,

susceptibility and potential failure modes.
A. A metallurgist or corrosion specialist
B. A metallurgist and corrosion specialist
C. A metallurgist only
D. A Corrosion specialist only (resp)

28) ------------------are the primary inputs into the probability of failure evaluation.
A. The deterioration mechanisms, rates and susceptibilities (resp)
B. Loss of containment of fluid
C. Fluid toxicity and its concentration
D. Damage mechanisms and its severity

29) Process used to compare the estimated risk against given risk criteria to
determine the significance of the risk.
A. Risk evaluation (resp)
B. Risk estimation
C. Risk identification
D. Risk analysis

30) It is important to maintain and update an RBI program to

A. Provides mitigation of the damage caused by explosions and may
prevent escalation of the incident.
B. Mitigate risks such as installation of safety systems, repairs etc.
C. Ensure that the most recent inspection, process, and maintenance
information is included. (resp)
D. As part of the planning for a maintenance turnaround, it is usually
useful to perform an RBI reassessment
31) In a qualitative analysis, the categories may be described such as
A. High, medium or low or may have numerical descriptors range. (resp)
B. High, medium or low only
C. Numerical descriptors range only
D. Distribution mora than a number

32) Deterioration rates in the POF calculation can be expressed in terms of

A. Corrosion rates for thinning or susceptibility for mechanisms where
deterioration rate is unknown (resp)
B. Immeasurable quantity
C. Discrete numbers
D. None the above

33) In the RBI study, is very important maintain all the major factor documented,
based in this, key element that exist in a RBI program included the following
except:
A. Documented method for POF calculated
B. Data gathering without sensibility analysis (resp)
C. Documented method for COF calculated
D. Management system for maintain, personal qualification, data
requirement, and analysis update

34) The following equipment is included in RBI except:

A. Pressure Vessel
B. Piping process
C. Structural system (resp)
D. Store tank

35) The Quantitative assessment used method more consistent, detailed and
documented than Qualitative assessment, in this way, when we have an
inspection result obtained by a new inspection, we can say:
A. Quantitative methods are easier to update than Qualitative methods
(resp)
B. Qualitative methods are easier to update than Quantitative methods
C. Both methods ae easier to update
D. None of the above

36) Probability side of the risk equation is normally managed by

A. Plant inspectors or inspection engineers (resp)
B. Maintenance planning engineers
C. Process safety people
D. Safety and Environmental people
37) Some example of failure mode is except:
A. Small Leak
B. Large Leak
C. Localized thinning (resp)
D. Rupture

38) Other functional failures are usually covered within

A. RBI
B. RCM (resp)
C. PHA
D. HAZOP

39) Various type of RBI assessment may be conducted by several levels,

Qualitative assessment, Quantitative assessment, Semi quantitative
assessment is just some of this assessment, but the choice of this program
may be dependent of multiple variables, one of this variables is:
A. Residual risk in the assessment
B. Population in the plant
C. Data quality and available data (resp)
D. Area affected in the assessment

40) Qualitative consequence analysis of failure can be estimated separately for

each unit, system, equipment group or individual equipment item on the basis
of:
A. Expert knowledge and experience (resp)
B. Available data
C. Process and environmental conditions
D. No basis required since it is qualitative

41) Who personnel should be received a detailed training in RBI

A. Financial business personnel
B. Environmental and safety personnel
C. Risk analyst (resp)
D. Management

42) In most consequence evaluations, a key element in determining the

magnitude of the consequence is
A. The volume of fluid released. (resp)
B. Amount of surface area exposed due to toxic release
C. Physical area impacted by release
D. None the above
43) Most of the damage from thermal effects tends to occur in
A. Close range (resp)
B. Wide range
C. Large distance
D. None of the above

44) The consequences of environmental damage are best understood by

A. Area affected
B. Release environmental
C. Is not available in the technology actual (resp)
D. Toxic concentration

45) Maintenance impact will generally be measured in monetary terms and

typically includes:
A. Method of cleanup
B. Safety systems
C. Repairs and equipment replacement (resp)
D. Construction of blast resistance

46) ………………… typically involves reviewing some or all input variables to the
risk calculation to determine the overall influence on the resultant risk value.
A. Sensitivity analysis (resp)
B. Risk analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
D. Safety risk analysis

47) What is the typically unit of measurement in POF analysis.

A. Cost
B. Acres of land affected by year
C. Frequency (resp)
D. Deterministic value

48) Once the risk values are developed, one way of presenting results of the risk
values are by
A. Risk matrix or risk plot (resp)
B. Risk indicators
C. Risk ranking
D. Risk occurance

49) When the consequence category is given a higher weight than the probability
category then the risk matrix will be
A. Symmetrical
B. Asymmetrical (resp)
C. Logical
D. None of the above
50) Some of the various mitigation category is except:
A. Decommission
B. Inspection and repair
C. Consequence mitigation
D. Risk estimation (resp)

51) Highest risk ranking in the risk matrix is toward the

A. Upper left corner of the matrix
B. Upper right corner of the matrix (resp)
C. Lower right corner of the matrix
D. Lower left corner of the matrix

52) An equipment item containing a flammable fluid is being assessed, the POF
(probability of failure) is 0,01 per year, the probability of ignition is 0,005, and
the COF (consequence of failure) is 1.000.000 USD, then the calculated
equipment risk in fire scenario is:
A. 0,005 $/year
B. 5 $/year
C. 0,5 $/year (resp)
D. 10.000 $/year

53) ISO risk line represents.

A. RBI is not considering such thumb rules
B. Typical line represents no of accidents happened in the plant.
C. Constant risk line (resp)
D. None of the above.

54) This method can reduce fire damage and minimize or prevent escalation. A
properly designed and operating system can greatly reduce the probability
that a vessel exposed to fire will BLEVE.
A. Water Curtain
B. Blast-resistant Construction
C. Water Spray/Deluge (resp)
D. Reduce Inventory

55) The residual risk in Pressure vessel cannot be reduced to Zero, one of the
factor to that is:
A. Corrosion localized adequately monitored
B. Mitigate the COF adequately
C. Study the POF by equipment and their damage mechanics
D. Human error (resp)
56) When to Conduct a RBI update/reassessment:
A. After significate change.
B. After a set time period
C. Before and After turnaround plant
D. All the above (resp)

57) An equipment item containing a flammable fluid is being assessed, the POF
(probability of failure) is 0,05 per year, the probability of ignition is 0,005, and
the COF (consequence of failure) is 5.000.000 USD, then the calculated
equipment risk in fire scenario is:
E. 0,005 $/year
F. 62,5 $/year (resp)
G. 0,1 $/year
H. 1250 $/year

58) Damage mechanisms where deterioration rates are immeasurable or

unknown are
A. Stress corrosion cracking
B. Hydrogen induced cracking
C. Creep
D. All of the above (resp)

59) Understand the damage mechanics such as cracking, localized corrosion,

general corrosion is important to POF determination, other benefit to
understand the damage mechanics is Except:
A. POF Analysis
B. Selection of appropriate inspection interval/due data, location and
technique
C. Decision-making ability that can eliminate or reduce the probability of the
damage mechanics
D. COF analysis (resp)

60) Why is very important understand the failure mode in an RBI assessment:
A. Can help to POF calculation
B. Can help to damage mechanics determination
C. Can help to selection the repair technique (resp)
D. Can help to determinate de damage rate

61) The following is example of a damage mechanics:

A. Localized thinning
B. General thinning
C. Corrosion under insulation (resp)
D. Rupture
62) Regardless the assessment is Qualitative or Quantitative is used, the POF is
determinate by two main considerations that is:
A. Damage mechanics and rate or susceptibility and effectivity of the
inspection program. (resp)
B. COF and probability of each scenario
C. Failure mode and subsequent scenario
D. None of the above

63) Following is some of the premise of why is important update the RBI
assessment except:
A. Hardware and process change
B. Advance in Damage mechanics and new inspection activity
C. RBI premise change
D. POF and COF in same condition (resp)

64) Cost-benefit is an analysis tool that is used by many company and

organization that can used to determinate:
A. Damage mechanics rate
B. Probability of failure
C. Risk acceptance (resp)
D. Consequence of failure

65) Failure in RBI is defined principally as:

A. Loss of containment
B. Rupture
C. External corrosion
D. Function failure

66) An item affecting the probability or the consequence or both in major portion
is:
A. Risk estimation
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk driver (resp)
D. Risk acceptance

67) Which of the following statement is correct

A. An RBI analysis must be developed by a single approach whether
qualitative, quantitative or semi-quantitative
B. The qualitative, quantitative and semi-quantitative approaches are
opposed to each other, so they should not be combined
C. Qualitative, quantitative and semi-quantitative approaches are
considerable as complementary assessment. (resp)
D. None of the above
68) Through the use of risk management, some risks can be identified as
acceptable, then risk reduction (mitigation)
A. Some further action is required
B. Further action is required
C. Partial action is required
D. Not is required further action (resp)

69) The purpose of establishing these limits is to identify the key parameters of
the process that may impact the deterioration of the equipment
A. IOW
B. MOC
C. PHA
D. HAZOP

70) The units for affected area consequence

A. square feet
B. square meters
C. acres of land affected per year
D. Both A and B (resp)