Section A

Answer all questions.

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1. The graph above shows the temperature of a substance M as it is heated until it is boiled.

(a) State the physical state of M at the region

(i) PQ :
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(ii) QR :
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(iii) RS :
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(iv) ST :
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(v) TU :
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[5 marks]

(b) What is the time when M starts to boil?

[1 mark]

(c) What is the melting point of M?

[1 mark]

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 (d) Explain why the temperature of M remains constant at time t 1 to t2 although the heating
process is proceeding?

[1 mark]
(e) Sketch the graph obtained if molten M is cooled from 400oC until the room temperature.

[2 marks]

2. (a) Define the following terms :

proton number

[1 mark]
nucleon number

[1 mark]
valence electron

[1 mark]
What are isotopes?

[1 mark]
Give an example of a pair of isotopes.

[1 mark]
Discuss three uses of isotopes.

[3 marks]

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 (c) Diagram 1 shows the standard representation of an element.
37

Cl
17

(i) State the electron arrangement for the Cl atom

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[1 mark]
(ii) State the valence electron of Cl.

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[1 mark]

3. Scientists use a mole as a unit to calculate the number of particles of a substance. [Avogadro
constant = 6.02 x 1023 particles per mole]
(a) State the definition of one mole of a substance in terms of the number of particles.

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[1 mark]
(b) Calculate the mass, in g, for each of the following substances. [Relative atomic mass :
C,12; O,16; Ca,40; Cu,64]
(i) 3.0 x 1022 of copper atoms

[2 marks]

(ii) 1.2 x 1022of carbon dioxide molecules

[2 marks]
(c) Find the number of particles found in the following substances.
(i) 5g of calcium

[2 marks]

(ii) 12 000 cm3 of carbon dioxide gas at STP

[2 marks]

(d) Calculate the volume of 1.2 x 1022 of carbon dioxide molecules at standard temperature
and pressure. [ 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 dm3 at standard temperature and pressure]

[1 mark]

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4. Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the following unbalance
equation.
CaCO3 (s) + HCl  CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g)

(a) Write the balance chemical equation above.

________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
If 10g of pure calcium carbonate is completely reacted, calculate

(b) The number of moles of hydrochloric acid used in the reaction.

[3 marks]

(c) The mass of calcium chloride formed.

[3 marks]

(d) The volume of carbon dioxide gas released at STP.[Relative atomic mass : C,12; O,16;
Ca,40; Cl, 35.5; 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 dm3 at room temperature]

[3 marks]

5.

The setup shown in the diagram is prepared to study the effect of heat on copper (II)
carbonate.When 1.24 g of copper (II) carbonate is heated, it decomposes into black
coloured oxide and carbon dioxide gas is released.
(a) Name the black oxide.

_____________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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 (b) (i) What is solution X?

_______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) What is the function of X?

________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(c) Give the chemical formula for
(i) Copper (II) carbonate

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[2 marks]
(ii) The resulting oxide.

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[1 mark]
(d) Write a chemical equation for the effect of heat on copper (II) carbonate?

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[2 marks]
(e) Calculate the mass of the oxide produced in grams.

[3 marks]

6. Complete the following table.[Relative atomic mass: H,1; C,12; O,16]

(a)

Compound Relative atomic Empirical formula Molecular formula

mass
Carbon dioxide 44 CO2
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
Ethene 28 CH2
Glucose C6H12O6
[6 marks]

(b) A hydrocarbon, CmHn contains 82.76% carbon by mass. Given that the molecular mass of
the hydrocarbon is 58, calculate the
(i) Empirical formula of CmHn.

[2 marks]
(ii) Molecular formula of CmHn.

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 [2 marks]
Answer all the question in Section B and C

Section B

7 (a) (i) What is meant by melting point and freezing point of substances? [2 marks]
(ii) Table 1 shows the melting points for naphthalene and substance K.

Substance Melting point/oC

Naphthalene 80
K 120
Table 1
Based on the information given in table 1, suggest a method which can be used to
determine the melting point of substance K. [6 marks]

(b) Melting point of naphthalene can be determined in a laboratory experiment by using water
bath. Design an experiment to determine the melting point of naphthalene. [12 marks]

Section C

8 (a) By naming an example, give the meaning of empirical formula and molecular formula.
[5 marks]
(b) Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.In your
answer, include a labeled diagram of the apparatus set-up, the precautionary steps and the
calculation steps involved. [Relative atomic mass; O,16; Mg,24] [15 marks]

Prepared by, Checked by, Approved by,

......................... .......................................... ....................................

(Pn. Faridah Esa) (Pn. Luna ak. Jonathan Seribu) (En. Kamil Abd.Rahman)
Guru Subjek Ketua Panitia Kimia Ketua Bidang Sains dan Matematik