TASK 4 - CASE ANALYSIS OF A DOCUMENT

PRESENTED BY: ANLLY CATHERINE MONROY CALDERÓN

CODE: 1.117.529.782

ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY CODE: 358009_2

TEACHER: LINDA MANUELA SANCHEZ

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA

UNAD
ENERO 2019
1. What is the cause or environmental problem generated according to
the article and where it is developed.

The according to the information on environmental pollution in an urbanized

area of tanneries in Hazaribagh in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh (Anawar et
al., 2000). It has been suggested that 7.7 million liters of liquid waste per day
from tanneries (Azom et al., 2012) could be a contaminating source of the
Buriganga River and canals in Hazaribagh. Since the health hazards of
tanneries workers in Hazaribagh (Tinni et al., 2014) have also been reported,
the water in the canal that contains the wastewater from the tanneries and the
water from the Buriganga River, which is used As a domestic water supply
(Rahman and Al Bakri, 2010), it is a health hazard for residents. However,
there is a lack of information on Hazaribagh's toxic element contamination and
contamination with toxic elements from other sources in the Buriganga River.
The article presents an exhaustive study, which includes environmental
monitoring, evaluation of the effects on health and development of a
remediation method for chromium contamination

2. Which diseases can be presented by the handling of Cr according to

the article

In the diseases can be presented by the management of Cr are: The World

Health Organization (WHO) suggests 50 μg / L of Cr as the reference value
based on health for drinking water (WHO, 2017). Chromium (Cr) generally
exists in the environment as hexavalent Cr [Cr (VI)] or Cr [Cr (III) trivalent].
Cr (VI) has toxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects, which cause
negative health problems, such as skin lesions, ulceration and perforation of
the nasal septum, perforation of the eardrum, decreased spermatogenesis and
lung carcinoma. (Bharagava and Mishra, 2018; Mishra and Bharagava, 2016).
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified Cr (VI) and
Cr (III) as a carcinogen of Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans) and carcinogen of
Group 3 (not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans.

3. What is the effect of co-exposure to Cr (VI) and Cr (III)

The according to the article, the biological study then showed that the
coexposure to Cr (VI) and Cr (III) in the possible proportions in the channel
water in Hazaribagh synergistically promotes the transforming activity of non-
tumorigenic human HaCaT keratinocytes with MEK / ERK and AKT activated.
(Keratinocytes are the predominant cells (80% -90%) of the epidermis, the
most superficial layer of the skin. They contain a very hard protein called
keratin, which stimulates the growth of epithelial cells in the skinand of the
skin. that cover the surface of the, stomach and intestines. Finally in water,
the relationship should be considered, especially when estimating potential
health risks due to co-exposure to Cr (VI) and Cr (III).

4. What is the conclusion of the study?

In conclusion of the environmental monitoring showed ≤ 38 μg / L Cr (VI) and
≤88697 μg / L Cr (III) in the water of the Buriganga river and channels that
contain wastewater from tanneries in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The
molecular biology study showed that the carcinogenicity of Cr (VI) increases in
the presence of Cr (III), which suggests the importance of removing Cr (III) as
well as Cr (VI) from water. The environmental engineering study finally
showed that MF-HT, is a low cost and high efficiency depurative, it can be used
for the elimination of Cr (VI) and Cr (III). Therefore, the exhaustive study has
provided a feasible countermeasure for Cr contamination in canals and river
waters, in the city of Dhaka, Bangladesh. More importantly, the study suggests
an efficient solution to address the global environmental pollution of Cr caused
by tannery waste.

5. Sustenance why this article is relevant for the environmental

epidemiology course.

I consider that the article has a scientific and academic support (approved by
the Ethics Committee of the University of Nagoya (approval No. 20130070) in
the city of Nagoya and the Ethics Committee of the University of
Chubu (approval no. 250007) In the city of Kasugai in Japan. The industrial
use that man has given to chromium compounds, has generated an increase in
its pollution in the atmosphere, water and food, especially those industries
related to metallurgical processes, galvanized, textiles, photographic material
and with the manufacture of paintings, ceramics. This article is of great
relevance for the environmental epidemiology course, because it serves the
acdemia, students and communities. Another important aspect for
environmental engineering, the article indicates that a compound similar to
hydrotalcite based on magnesium and iron (MFHT), an original depurative, can
adsorb at most 9.0 mg / g of Cr (VI) and 1041 mg / g of Cr (III). Our results
suggested the importance of removing Cr (III) and Cr (VI) by showing that Cr
(III), which is generally recognized as a chemical with low toxicity,
Carcinogenicity of a low level of Cr (VI). Therefore, we propose the use of our
original high efficiency and low cost depurative as a countermeasure to
address the global problem of environmental contamination by Cr

BVSDE (2008) Evaluación de exposición en estudios de epidemiología

ocupacional. Recuperado de http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?
q=cache:sfv4t5l3Gn4J:www.bvsde.paho.org/cursoa_epi/e/pdf/modulo4.pdf+&
cd=1&hl=es&ct=clnk&gl=co
Yoshinaga, M., Ninomiya, H., Al Hossain, M. M. A., Sudo, M., Akhand, A. A.,
Ahsan, N., … Kato, M. (2018). A comprehensive study including monitoring,
assessment of health effects and development of a remediation method for
chromium pollution. Chemosphere, 201, 667–675. Retrieved
from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2444/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.
03.026