MODULE 7

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

1. Fire result from the chemical reaction that occurs when reacts
rapidly with fuel to produce heat
Ans=TRUE

2. Three components forming the fire Tetrahedron

Ans=heat, oxygen and fuel

3. Chemical reaction
Ans= an exothermic reaction

4. Class of fire occurs on a material such solid ,paper and wood is

Ans= class A

5. Flammable materials are falls in what class of fire ?

Ans= Class B

6. Natural gases are

Ans= class C

7. Three method of extinguishing fire are

Ans= cooling the fire , excluding oxygen and separating fuel from
oxygen

8. Extinguishers are conform to the BS EN3 Standard fire code

Ans= True

9. The materials used in these extinguishers are

Ans= Water (Water/Gas) , Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF)
/Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Dry Powder

10. The BS EN3 Standard has the bodies of every fire extinguisher
coloured
Ans=Red all over

11. Water (Water/Gas) and Red band is used on

 Ans= Solids only, but NOT Electrical NOR Flammable Liquids

12. Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) with cream color band is

used on
Ans=Oil, Fats, Paint, Petrol, and Solids, but NOT safe on Electrical fires

13. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) has black color band and is use one
Ans=Gases, Electrical, Flammable Liquids and Solids but NOT Burning
Metals

14. Dry Powder has blue color band and is used for
Ans=Burning Metals, Flammable Liquids, and Electrical (<1000 V, >1
m) fires

15. Water/Gas extinguishers are only to be used on fires involving

burning solids like
Ans=class A Fire

16. Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) is best suited for

Ans= class B ,,,, due to its smothering and cooling action and to the fact
that its finer particles will not cause the fire to spread, can also be used
on Class A fires

17. A universal fire extinguisher and, being non-corrosive, non-

conductive, and leaving no residue, it is suitable for almost all
types of fire is
Ans= Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

18. CO2 extinguishers must NOT, however, be used on Class D fires,

as the extinguishant reduces the temperature very quickly,
Ans=True

19. Which type of fire extinguisher provided with a horn

Ans= CO2

20. which type of extinguisher is suitable for most classes of fire, eg

aircraft wheel brake fires
ans=Dry powder
21. Injuries should be reported

Ans=Reporting of Injuries, Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995)

22. A machine can be defined

Ans=as an „apparatus for applying power, having fixed and moving parts, each
having a definite function‟.

23. Operational Parts –

Ans=performing the principal output function (Chucks or Bits)

24. Non-Operational Parts

Ans=conveying power or motion (Motor Drives).

25. Electric shock disrupts the nervous system and causes burns
Ans=at the entry and exit points.

26. The current, used in domestic use is

Ans=220-240 volt, 50Hz ac electricity

27. Electricity upto 1 mA cause

Ans=Harmless tingle

28. Electricity upto 1 – 12 mA cause

ans=Painful, but can be released

29. 12 – 20 mA
ans=Very painful, cannot be released

30. 20 – 50 mA
ans=Paralysis of respiration

31. >50 mA
ans=Heart stoppage

32. to avoid shock minimum requirement is through the use of

ans=three-core cable

33. Ear protection is optional where noise levels are

Ans=less than 85 dB, but is mandatory when greater than 90 dB.
 34. What are the most commonly used gas on commercial
aircraft
Ans=nitrogen and oxygen

35. UK, gas containers uses

Ans=BS 381C as the standard

36. Nitrogen bottles are painted

Ans=grey on the body with a black neck

37. UK oxygen bottles are painted

ans=black with a white neck

38. US Oxygen bottle are painted

Ans= green All over

39. A gas storage bottle can hold as much as

Ans=200 bar (3000 psi)

40. Aircraft tyre pressure may only require

Ans=7 bar (100 psi).

41. two pressure regulating valves are used

ans= one at the storage bottle end and one at the delivery end of the system

42. The transfer of high-pressure gases from a large storage

bottle to the aircraft component is often
Ans= decanting and must be done at a very slow rate.

43. If the gas is decanted rapidly the temperature of the receiving

component will
Ans=increase in accordance with the gas laws.

44. air- dusting guns are restricted to about

ans=2000 kPa (30 psi).

45. Aircraft tyres can require very high pressures and must be
inflated inside
Ans=a strong cage.

46. Smaller aircraft can carry oxygen in cylinders whilst the larger,
civil aircraft have individual
Ans= oxygen generator units.

47. oxygen must never be allowed to come into contact with

ans=petroleum products such as oil and grease

48. All references to refuelling, normally also include the action of

de-fuelling,
Ans= both are considered under the common term of fuelling.

49. (COSHH) means

Ans=Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

TOOLS

50. Precision instruments

ANS= Prior to use they should have a „zero‟ check or calibration

51. form of tools control is are

ans= shadow board and tool tag‟ system

52. the tools held by the department are often referred to as

ans=special tools‟ eg wheel bay tools

53. (NAMAS).
Ans=National Accreditation of Measurement and Sampling

54. appliances requiring calibration

ans=Are those items which are necessary to perform measurements or tests of
an aircraft

55. Calibration records or certificates should, as a minimum,

contain
Ans= Identification of equipment ,Date when each calibration was conducted
Assigned calibration interval.

56. the facilities used for calibration must have a

ans=controlled environment. It is necessary to control the temperature,
humidity, vibration, dust, cleanliness, electromagnetic interference

57. Safety
Ans=relating to such topics as the toxicity, corrosiveness or other health risks
associated with the use of certain materials
 58. Management:
Ans=referring to the storage, use and correct handling of all materials whether
they are solid, liquid, or, in some instances, gaseous

59. Economy:
Ans=involving such matters as to the using of the correct dosage

60. Flammable materials such as oils, greases, some

adhesives, sealing and glazing compounds
Ans=are stored in metal cabinets, the cabinet remains in the shade of the
building and does not get exposed to the sun‟s hot rays during the day

61. Liquids must never be disposed

Ans= „domestic‟ drains systems.

62. finer finish, to the inside of the hole, is required,

ans= then a reamer would be used

63. the quality of the finished article is dependent

ans=both on the skill of the craftsperson and the equipment available to
complete the task

64. An engineer‟s rule

Ans=is made from high-carbon steel and is graduated in Imperial and Metric
units.

65. Rules are classified by

Ans=the length and width of their graduated portion

66. The most common engineer‟s rule has a length of

Ans=300mm (1ft) but rules can be obtained in lengths of up to 1,800mm (6ft).

67. A scriber
Ans= is used for marking lines on the surface of metals. Scribers are made from
high-carbon steel and are classified by their length.

68. Scriber points must be kept sharp and fine by

Ans=„stoning‟,

69. Key-seat rules

Ans=are used for marking-off lines, parallel to the axis, on the surface of tubes
or round bars
 70. Key-Seat Rule referd to as
Ans=Box Squares‟, key- seat rules are usually graduated and are classified by
their length.

71. The fitter‟s square

Ans=is used for setting out lines at right angles to an edge or surface, and for
checking right angular work for „truth‟

72. Fitter‟s Square are made of what and their

classification
Ans=high-carbon steel and are classified by the length of the blade.

73. The blade and the stock have their opposing edges
ground at
Ans=limbs set at exactly 90 to each other.

74. Combination Set

Ans=consists of a graduated steel rule, which has a machined groove running
along the centre of its entire length.

75. The Centre Head

Ans=is used, with the rule, to locate the centre line of bars or round tubes.

76. The Square Head

Ans=has one working surface at 90° and another at 45° to the locked rule.
either in a similar manner to the Fitter‟s Square (to check the squareness of
work), or it may be used for the marking out of mitre joints and bevels.

77. A spirit level and scriber are

Ans= sometimes, accommodated in the base of the Square Head, to permit a
check to be done on the horizontal or vertical accuracy of workpieces.

78. The Protractor Head

Ans=also has a spirit level, it may be used to mark out and check angles on
workpieces.

79. Surface plates are made of

Ans=grey cast iron with finely machined faces which can be used as a standard
of flatness.

80. Surface plates are usually mounted

Ans=on a bench and, normally, only have three supports,
 81. Surfaces of grade „A‟ standard
Ans=would only be used in Standards Rooms,

82. grade „B‟ surfaces

ans= are for inspection work

83. grade „C‟ surface plates and tables

ans=found in typical workshops.

84. Surface plates and tables can be used

Ans=to test for flatness, providing the standards required are not too high.

85. V Blocks are accurately machined

Ans= made of cast iron), which may be used, on surface plates and tables, to
hold a round bar, which can then be marked in a variety of ways

86. All opposite sides of the blocks are parallel and all
adjacent faces are square to each other.
Ans=True

87. Surface Gauge (Scribing Block)

Ans=is another marking out tool, used, on a surface plate or table, for the
marking of lines, which are parallel to a true surface.

88. Allowance means

Ans= different in dimensions that is necessary to give a particular class of fit
between two parts
Correct allowance is different between high limit and low limit

89. The tolerance

Ans=It is the difference between the high and low limits of size for that
dimension,
Explanation= a part that should be exactly 25 mm nominal diameter, will be
accepted for a certain purpose if it is within the limits 25.1 mm, (the high limit);
and 24.9 mm, (the low limit). The difference between the two (0.2 mm) is the
tolerance.

90. tolerances may be stated in one of three ways,

ans=Bilateral 100 mm  0.01 mm, Unilateral 100 mm + 0.02 mm 100 mm –
0.00 mm and Limits 100.01 mm 99.99 mm

91. There are three principal classes of fit, between shafts

and holes, and they are the:
Ans= Interference Fit: where the shaft is larger than the hole Transition Fit:
where the shaft and hole are approximately the same size Clearance Fit: where
the shaft is smaller than the hole.

92. Dividers are used

Ans= to set out distances and to scribe arcs and circles. The legs are made of
high-carbon steel,

93. Dividers are classified by the

Ans=length of their legs, The points should be kept sharp and of equal length
by stoning only the outside of the legs.

94. Types of Callipers

Ans= Outside Callipers, Inside Callipers and Odd-Leg Callipers

95. Outside Callipers:

Ans=Used to measure the outside diameter of an object and have legs that
point inwards

96. Inside Callipers

Ans=Used to measure the inside of a hole and have legs that point outwards

97. Odd-Leg Callipers (Hermaphrodite or „Jenny‟ Callipers):

Ans= It may be used for scribing arcs on metal surfaces from an edge, for
scribing lines parallel to an edge or surface, (provided accuracy is not of great
importance), and for finding the centre of a round bar.

Hammers , punches and chisels

98. How Hammers are classified

Ans= by their weight and type of head. Steel heads are forged and
manufactured from high-carbon steel.

99. Ball Pein:

Ans=The flat surface is used for most general-purpose work whilst the ball pein
is used primarily for riveting-type operations

100. Straight Pein

Ans= Used for general work, the narrow, straight pein being particularly suitable
for use where access to the work is limited

101. Cross Pein

Ans=As for the straight pein, but the axis of the pein is at 90° to that of the shaft

102. Claw Hammer

Ans= More commonly used for woodworking. The face is used for hammering
nails whilst the claw is used for removing nails

103. Body Hammer

Ans=Little used in aircraft work, as they are primarily used to remove dents and
blemishes from sheet metal. They are also known as planishing hammers

104. The types of punches,

Ans= Centre Punches  Pin Punches  Hollow Punches  Drifts

The first three punches are, usually, constructed from hexagonal (or knurled,
round) rods of tempered, cast steel with a length of approximately 127 mm (5
in), a gripping diameter of approximately 3.175 mm (0.125 in) and a smaller,
driving end of the appropriate size.

105. What is the angle of starting a hole on drill bit

Ans= The points may be ground at angles between 60 to 90°, depending on
the hardness of the metal on which the punch is being used. The softer the
metal, then the larger will be the angle of the punch‟s point.

106. Pin Punches,

Ans= are the tools to be used for the removal of pins and rivets from their
respective holes.

107. chisels may be made of

ans=nickel-alloy steel, specially heat-treated, to produce a long-lasting cutting
edge.

108. Chisels are classified by

Ans=Chisels are classified by their shape, overall length, cross-section of
shank and width of cut.

109. There are four principal shapes of chisels

Ans=Flat  Cross-Cut  Diamond-Point  Half-Round.

110. Flat chisels

Ans=are used for general chipping work, such as parting sheet metal or cutting
flat surfaces, preparatory to filing.

111. Diamond-Point chisels

Ans=are particularly useful for cutting in corners, cutting small oil grooves and
for rectifying an incorrect start when drilling.

112. Cross-Cut (or Cape) chisels are

Ans=used to cut narrow, flat-bottomed, grooves, such as keyways in shafts or
where it is not practical to use a flat chisel

113. High-carbon, steel chisels, should be sharpened by

Ans=grinding on an abrasive wheel,

114. nickel-alloy, steel chisels are sharpened by

ans=filing
expl= The cutting edge of the chisel must be kept cool, during grinding, by
frequent immersion in water, which will prevent the temper being drawn from
the metal.

115. Bench vices are classified by

Ans=the length of their jaws

116. Chisel Cutting Angles

Ans=Hard Steels=point angle 70,inclination angle is 40
Mild Steels, 60,35
Soft Metals, 40,30

117. A hand vice

Ans=s classified by its overall length and can be used when splicing cables or
holding small objects that are to be shaped or drilled.

118. Hacksaws blades are made of

Ans-=from high-carbon or alloy steel.

119. Fine-toothed blades have

Ans=24 or 32 teeth per inch and are used for cutting thin material

120. Coarser blades has

Ans= with 14 or 18 teeth per inch are for thicker material.

Expl=A „rule of thumb‟ is that at least two teeth must be in contact, with the
work being cut, at all times
Thicker Sections - Less Teeth per Inch, Thinner Sections - More Teeth per Inch

Sheet Metal Shears and Snips

121. Shears are another type of

Ans=cutting tool used on aircraft sheet metal. Long, straight cuts, across a
piece of sheet metal, are made on a guillotine, which may also be referred to as
„squaring shears‟.
 122. The fabrication of smaller parts requires hand cutting
can be achieve by
Ans=with different types of shears, known as Tinman‟s Shears or Aviation
Snips. They can vary in length from 175 mm (7 in) up to 300 mm (12 in) and
can be straight or curved cutting.

123. Curved shears can be found

Ans= in symmetrical form, which can be used to cut curves in either direction, or
they can be asymmetrical and dedicated to cutting curves in one direction only.

124. The handles of asymmetrically curved shears are

usually colour- coded
Ans= (red and green),

125. „Left-cutting‟ shears are coloured

ans= red

126. „right-cutting‟ shears are coloured

ans=green).

127. Shears cuts should be made approximately

Ans= 0.8 mm (0.03 in) from the marking out line and the metal then filed down
to the line.

Files

128. Files are cutting tools are used

Ans=removing metal from a surface and are made of high- carbon steel.

129. Hand files are classified by their:

Ans=Length  Shape  Cross-Section  Cut  Grade.

130. the most common sizes of files are

ans=are 150 mm (6 in), 200 mm (8 in) and 250 mm (10 in).

131. Files are available in a variety of shapes

Ans= Parallel  Tapered  Bellied.

132. The length of a file is measured from

Ans= the shoulder to the tip of the blade

133. The various shapes and the cross-sections of files allow

them to be used on a wide range of tasks.
 ans= Hand  Round  Half-Round  Square  Three-Square.
134. The Hand „Hand Safe Edge‟ (HSE) file. is the most
commonly used section
Ans= general filing; and the blade is usually parallel in shape. One edge may be
without teeth,

135. The Round section is used in association with

Ans=-bellied, parallel and tapered blade shapes,

136. The Round section is used for

Ans= These files are suitable for filing small radii.

137. Half-Round files are mostly associated with

Ans= a bellied-shaped blades

138. Half-Round files are used for

Ans=on work of irregular shape or for filing large internal radii.

139. Square files associated with

Ans= bellied, tapered or parallel in shape.

140. Square files

Ans= used for internal work.

141. Three-Square (or Triangular) files are,

Ans=for filing internal corners.

142. The „Cut‟ of a file refers to the

Ans= arrangement of the cutting teeth, on the blade of the file. The pattern, in
which the teeth are cut, will depend upon the type of material to be filed.

143. The common cuts of files

Ans=Single Cut  Double Cut  Dreadnought  Rasp.

144. The Single Cut „Floats‟, file has its teeth cut parallel, in a
single direction at about
Ans=approximately 60° to the main axis of the blade

145. single cut Hand files are used

ans= used for filing hard metals.

146. The Double Cut file has

Ans=also has one set of teeth cut at an angle of 60° to the centre line of the file,
with another, crossing set, cut at angle of approximately 75°. This is the most
widely used type of file for general purposes.
147. the Dreadnought‟s teeth,
ans=make this file especially suitable for heavy cutting on broad, soft metal
surfaces. Its use is generally restricted to the larger sizes of flat files.

148. several more grades of files

ans= Bastard, Second-Cut and Smooth.

149. The Bastard is a comparatively are

Ans= coarse grade of file

150. Bastard file has approximately

Ans=30 teeth per inch.
Expln = It removes metal fairly quickly and is intended, primarily, for roughing
out, but may be used for the entire work, if the finish is not important.

151. The Second-Cut files are

Ans=finer (40 teeth per inch)
Expln= consequently, give a better surface finish to the work, but are slower
cutting.

152. Smooth files are used

Ans=enable a good finish to be obtained, used for finishing work only.it has (50
to 60 teeth per inch)

Hand Brace (Hand Drill)

153. The Hand Brace is called, the Hand Drill used

Ans= is, typically, only used to drill holes of up to 6.5 mm, (1⁄4 in) diameter in
thin and comparatively soft materials.

154. the Breast Brace, being larger, used

ans=is designed to hold larger drills than the hand drill and is, normally, used (in
workshops etc.) for drilling holes between 6.5 mm and 12 mm (1⁄4 and 1⁄2 in).

155. advantage of The breast brace

ans=speeds can be selected, which will more closely match the correct speed,
required by the various sized twist drills being employed.

156. The shank is the part of the twist drill that is gripped and
driven by the chuck of the drilling machine and it is on the
 shank that the details of the type (grade) and diameter of the
drill can usually be found printed or engraved.
Ans= TRUE

157. On drills up to 12.5 mm (1⁄2”) diameter

Ans=the shank is parallel and placed into the jaws of a self-centring chuck

158. On drills above 12.5 mm the shank is usually tapered (to

a Morse Taper) of 1:20.
Ans=The tapered shank fits directly into a matching tapered housing in the
drilling machine spindle.

159. The helical flute (or fluting)

Ans=formed in the drill body, provides a rake angle for the cutting edges of the
drill. allows any lubricant to flow towards the cutting edges and provides a path
for the waste metal („swarf‟), to move clear.

160. In order that the drill will cut properly the point must be
ground to the correct shape and the angle is
Ans=The cutting, angle of 59 (118° inclusive), a clearance angle of 12 and a
web angle of 130°, are typical for normal metal cutting, such as aluminium
alloys, steels, cast iron and copper.

161. here are many different grades of metal, used in the

manufacture of twist drills,
ans=Carbon Steel High Speed Steel Cobalt Steel.

162. Carbon Steel drills, in addition to iron and carbon

Ans=contain various amounts of manganese, silicon, sulphur and phosphorus.
The letters CS may be found on the shanks of these drills.

163. High Speed Steel (HSS) drills

Ans=contain a comparatively high percentage of tungsten (8%-12%) with a
lesser percentage of chromium (5%)

164. HSS drills retain their hardness at

Ans=low red heat and can, thus, be used at much higher speeds than carbon
steel drills

165. Cobalt Steel drills,

Ans=contain up to 12% cobalt, with as much as 20% tungsten, 4% chromium,
1%-2% vanadium and traces of molybdenum combined with 0.8% carbon.
 166. Hard material such as stainless steels, titanium and
other very hard metals. Are drilled with
Ans=cobalt steel drill

167. he most common methods of identifying the diameter of

twist drills are:
ans=Metric  Fractions of an inch  The Number/Letter range.

168. recommended lubricants for metals

ans= Mild Steel=Soluble Oil and High-Carbon and Alloy Steels=Kerosene or
Turpentine and Aluminium Alloys=Kerosene, Cast Iron and Brass=no lubricant

169. When a hole larger than 6.0 mm diameter is to be drilled

Ans=In this instance it will be necessary to employ the use of a pilot drill to
provide a guide for the larger drill.

Stop, and Press (Dimpling), Countersinking Tools

170. Two special tools, used during the riveting process, are
Ans=Stop‟ countersinking bit and the „Press‟ countersinking (dimpling)

171. In order to have the rivet heads flush with the surface
Ans=he skin must be prepared by either cutting away a portion and by indenting
(by pressing) the edges of the hole to accept the rivet head.

172. Where a large number of holes need to be countersunk

to a consistent depth
Ans=Stop Countersink tool should be used

173. Press countersinking or „dimpling‟

Ans=is done where the aircraft skin is too thin to countersink, and without the
attendant risk of enlarging the drilled hole.

174. What type of dimpling forces the sheets into the lower
die, leaving a sharply defined and parallel-sided hole. This
process also allows a number of sheets to be „stacked‟
Ans=Coin dimpling

175. Radius dimpling

Ans=uses a male die to drive the sheets into a female die. The sides of the
formed holes are not as smooth as the coin dimpling method, but this less-
precise operation is quicker and cheaper to achieve.
 176. harder materials, such as magnesium and certain
aluminium alloys, a process called
ans= hot dimpling is used.
This method involves pre-heating the metal, so that it forms more easily and is
less likely to crack when shaping takes place.

177. Reamers are precision-ground tools

Ans=which are used to enlarge drilled holes to accurate dimensions and
provide a smooth internal finish to accommodate precision-

178. Machine reamers can usually be identified

Ans=by the Morse tapered shank,

179. Reamers are used for removing only small amounts of

material, which, typically, for hand reamers, is approximately
Ans=0.2 mm-0.3 mm (0.008 in-0.012 in)

180. The three most common types of hand-operated

reamers are the:
Ans=Hand Parallel Reamer Hand Expanding Reamer Hand Taper Reamer.

181. Hand Parallel Reamers

Ans=parallel-bodied reamers, possessing either straight or spiral flutes.

182. The straight fluted reamer

Ans=can be considered to be the general-purpose reamer,

183. spiral fluted reamer

ans=is used for reaming holes which have keyways or grooves

184. Hand Expanding Reamers

Ans=are used where standard parallel reamers of the required dimension are
not available

185. Hand Taper Reamers

Ans=Hand Taper Reamers (refer to Fig. 24), are used to produce a tapered
hole for the insertion of a standard taper pin

186. The two types of tapered reamers are the

Ans=Metric: have a taper of 1:50. Its size is etched, or stamped on the shank,
and refers to its smaller diameter, and Imperial: The reamers and the taper
pins, for which they are used, have a taper of 1:48. on the shank and refers to
its larger diameter.
 187. The difference between the Metric and Imperial tapers is
Ans=taper pins

Internal Screw Thread, Cutting Taps

188. Taps are used

Ans=for the hand cutting of internal (female) screw threads of the common
types, up to a maximum diameter of approximately 25.4 mm (1.0 in).

189. Taps are normally made in

Ans=sets of three
Note=with the exception of the BA thread tap sets, which have only two taps to
a set.

190. Types of taps

Ans=Taper Tap  Second Tap  Plug Tap

191. The Taper Tap is used to

Ans=start the thread cutting process. It is tapered gradually from the point for
about two thirds of the threaded length, assist in the correct alignment of the
tap

192. The Second (or Intermediate) Tap is used,

Ans=following the taper tap, to deepen the thread. This tap is tapered for the
first two or three threads only

193. The Intermediate is the tap that is not available

Ans=in BA thread tapping sets.

194. The Plug (or Bottoming) Tap

Ans= has no taper and its purpose is to finish the threads in deep,

External Screw Thread, Cutting Dies

195. Circular Die and Stock is used

Ans= Circular dies consist of an internally threaded („right‟ or „left handed‟) disc
of hardened and tempered steel, which is fluted to form several cutting edges

Screwdrivers

196. screwdrivers may be divided into two main groups which

ans=lade Screwdrivers  Cross-Point Screwdrivers.

197. Blade (or Common) screwdrivers consist

Ans=f a high carbon or an alloy steel blade, mounted into a wooden or
composite handle

198. Blade Screwdrivers in this category are classified by

Ans=type and by the length of blade, which can be from approximately 35 mm
(1.5 in) to 300 mm (12 in) long

199. Types of Cross-Point Screwdrivers

Ans= Reed and Price Phillips Posidrive Triwing
Torq-Set

Pliers

200. Pliers are classified by

Ans=type and overall length and usually made from alloy steel

201. Pliers ,some of the many types, that are available for a
variety of purposes, include:

ENGINEERING DRAWING, DIAGRAMS AND STANDARDS

202. (SBAC)
ans=Society of British Aerospace Companies‟

203. (BSI)
ans=British Standards Institution

204. here are four main types of drawings recommended by

the BSI,
ans= Single-part: unique parts or assemblies  Collective: parts or assemblies
of similar shape, but of different dimensions  Combined: complete
assemblies, including all individual parts on a single drawing  Constructional:
assembly drawing with sufficient dimensional and other
information to describe the component parts of a construction.

205. the two common methods, used to depict components,

in drawings, are by:
ans=Pictorial Projections  Orthographic Projections.

206. Pictorial Projections provide a

Ans=provide a three-dimensional, single image of the object, as if it were being
viewed,

207. The main types of pictorial projections

Ans=Perspective Projection, Oblique Projection and Isometric Projection.

208. A Parallel Perspective Projection

Ans=is when one of the principal faces is parallel to the picture plane.

209. perspective and oblique projections are used

ans=n Maintenance or Overhaul manuals,

210. Isometric projections are the types mostly used

Ans= for sketches and for the majority of images in Maintenance and many
other manuals

211. Oblique Projection has

Ans=45° or 30°

212. Isometric projections has

Ans= 30°

213. Orthographic Projections

Ans= are the types mainly used in the production of aircraft (and most other)
engineering drawings of components and structures.

1. There are two conventions, used for orthographic projections

Ans= The older First Angle Projection The more recent Third Angle Projection.

2. the four main types of sectional views are

ans= Revolved Section Removed Section Complete Section Half Section.

3. The Revolved Section view

Ans= often used to illustrate simple items with no interior parts
If only the shape of a part needs to be shown, it is drawn with either a revolved
or with a removed section

4. llustrated Parts Catalogues often make use of

ans= exploded views, to show every part of an assembly.

5. What is the application of Continuous (Thick)

Ans= Visible outlines and edges

6. Continuous (Thin)
Ans= Fictitious outlines and edges, dimensions and leader lines, hatching,
outlines of adjacent parts and revolved sections.

7. Short dashes (thin

Ans= Hidden outlines and edges.

8. Chain (Thin)
Ans= Centre lines and extreme positions of moveable parts.

9. Chain (Thick)
Ans= ndicates surfaces which
have to requirements

10. If an alteration is made,

Ans= a new issue number and date must be allocated to the drawing.

11. Title Block

Ans= contains the essential information required for the identification, It is
recommended that the title block should be at the bottom of the sheet with the
drawing number in the lower right hand corner.

12. To ensure authenticity of a drawing it must be stamped

with
Ans=red ink

13. High pressure pneumatic is used

Ans=for engine starting ,low pressure is for cooling and ventilation