History of Softball

Although many people assume that softball was derived from baseball, the sport’s first
game actually came about because of a football game. The history of softball dates back
to Thanksgiving Day of 1887, when several alumni sat in the Chicago, Illinois Farragut
Boat Club, anxiously awaiting the outcome of the Yale versus Harvard football game.
When Yale was announced as winner, a Yale alumnus playfully threw a boxing glove at a
Harvard supporter. The Harvard fan swung at the balled-up glove with a stick, and the
rest of the group looked on with interest. George Hancock, a reporter for the Chicago
Board of Trade, jokingly called out, “Play ball!” and the first softball game commenced
with the football fans using the boxing glove as a ball and a broom handle in place of a
bat.

Due to the initial excitement surrounding the game, the Farragut Boat Club decided to
officially devise their own set of rules, and the game quickly leaked to outsiders in
Chicago and, eventually, throughout the rest of the Midwestern U.S. As the history of
softball shaped itself over the next decade, the game went under the guise of “indoor
baseball,” “kitten baseball,” “diamond ball,” “mush ball,” and “pumpkin ball.” In 1926,
Walter Hakanson coined the term “softball” while representing the YMCA at a National
Recreation Congress meeting, and by 1930, the term stuck as the sport’s official name.

In 1934, the Joint Rules Committee on Softball collaborated to create a set of

standardized rules. Up until this point, the game was being played with varied rules,
player positions, and ball sizes. The original softball used by the Farragut Boat Club was
16 inches in circumference. However, Lewis Rober Sr., the man responsible for
organizing softball games for firefighters in Minneapolis, used a 12-inch ball. Rober’s ball
won out as the preferred softball size, and professional softball games today are played
using a 10–12-inch ball. However, many Chicagoans still hold fast to the belief that real
softball is played using a 16-inch ball. Games using these 16-inch balls are often referred
to as “cabbage ball,” “super slow pitch,” and “mush ball,” and unlike competitive
softball, players are not allowed to wear fielding gloves.

While the sport was originally advertised as an indoor game for baseball players looking
to maintain their dexterity during the off season, it gained so much popularity and
recognition that it quickly became its own official sport. In 1991, women’s fast pitch
softball was added to the roster of the 1996 Summer Olympics—a landmark many
people recognize as the ultimate success of a sport. Although softball was later dropped
from the 2012 Summer Olympics lineup, the game is still one of the most popular
participant sports in the United States and 113 countries have officially joined the
International Softball Federation since the organization’s formation in 1952.

According to the official rules developed early in the history of softball, and eventually
defined by the International Softball Federation, there are nine players on the field at a
time. The players take the positions of pitcher, catcher, first baseman, second baseman,
shortstop, third baseman, and outfielder. Usually, there are three outfielders holding the
positions of right fielder, left fielder, and center fielder. However, slow pitch softball
allows for a fourth person in the outfield. Similar to baseball, the team with the most runs
at the end of the seventh inning is named the winner. However, if the teams are tied at
the end of the seventh inning, the game can go into extra innings, until the tie is broken.
Today, softball is one of the most popular sports in the country, and an estimated 40
million Americans engage in at least one softball game each year. Because it can be
played on either a field or an indoor arena, softball games are played year round and
involve teams with players as young as 8 years old and some players over 60 years in
age. Softball is sometimes played by corecreational leagues, where both women and
men play on the same teams, but the rules are generally modified to reduce physical
inequalities between the sexes. Often, companies and organizations form amateur coed
teams to play for benefits and charity fund-raiser events.

The history of softball is still unfolding, and the game has undergone numerous
modifications since its creation in 1887, but it is still one of the most preferred sports
games in the country and has developed a following in several countries throughout the
world, especially in Australia, China, and Japan. Loved by amateurs and professionals of
all ages and athletic backgrounds, the world can only anticipate what is in store for the
future of America’s other favorite pastime.

COURT DIMENSIONS
 If you’re designing or modifying a softball field for high school or college women’s fast-
pitch play, these are the official International Softball Federation field sizes to adhere to:
 Baseline — The baselines in softball are 60 feet. When measuring baselines, the
proper way to do it is from the back of home plate to the back white corner of first base.
Then, from the back white corner of first base to the center of second base. Second to
third is measured from the middle of second base to the back corner of third base, and
finally, from the back corner of third base to the back of home plate is the third base
line.
 Home to second base — The distance across the diamond from home plate to
second base should be 84 feet and 10 ¼ inches. This is the same distance from first base
to third base because the baseline creates a perfect square.
 Home to front of pitching rubber — In high school and college softball, the
distance from home plate to the front of the pitching rubber in the middle of the
 pitcher’s mound is 43 feet exactly. The pitching rubber itself is a white slab that is 24
inches long by 6 inches wide. It’s important that this distance is precise as even a slight
variance either way could give a hitter or pitcher an advantage.
 Pitcher’s circle and rubber — The radius of the pitcher’s circle around the
pitcher’s rubber is 8 feet. Of course, this makes the diameter of the pitcher’s circle 16
feet. As for the rubber, the rules state it should measure 24 inches by 6 inches and be
level with the ground.
 Home plate to backstop — At minimum, the distance from the back of home
plate to the backstop should be 25 feet. However, it can range up to 30 feet. This gives
the catcher ample room to safely make a play on pop-ups in foul territory behind the
plate.
 Outfield — In women’s fast-pitch softball at the high school and college levels, the
fences are placed an average of 220 feet from home plate. Leading up to the fence is a
10-foot warning track.  If you don’t have a permanent outfield fence installed on your
softball field, there are some really great portable fencing products available, like Grand
Slam Fencing, that create a softball field environment and designate a home run
distance. The great thing about portable softball field fences is they can be setup and
taken down quickly and easily as needed, so you get the same performance as a
permanent fence while still having the ability to adjust your field as needed. This is ideal
for multi-use fields.

HOW TO PLAY SOFTBALL

Understanding the Basics

1Know the difference between softball and baseball. Softball and baseball are
variations of the same game. The primary difference is that a softball is pitched
underhand, while a baseball is pitched overhand. As the name implies, there is also a
difference in the balls used.[1]

 Softballs are larger and a bit heavier than baseballs. Softballs are less dense
and slightly softer than baseballs. Softballs are typically white but may be colored
neon green or yellow in the interests of visibility (especially at night).
 Softball fields are typically smaller than baseball fields (because batted
softballs don't travel as far as baseballs). Softball games last for seven innings
instead of the nine innings typical of higher-level baseball games.[2]
 The bats used in softball are a little shorter and have a wider barrel than the
bats used in baseball.

2Understand the difference between slow-pitch and fast-pitch softball. There

are two types of softball competition, with slight differences between them. Both follow
the same general rules.

 Slow-pitch is typically coed, and, as the name suggests, the ball is pitched by
lobbing it in a high, slow arc toward home plate.[3]
  Fast-pitch is played primarily by women and features very quick pitches with
large wind-ups.
2.

3Know the rules. Most softball games consist of seven innings, each with two halves.
The first (or "top") half is when the visiting team bats. The second (or "bottom") half is
when the home team bats. Each half-inning is played until the fielding team manages to
put out three batters or baserunners.

 The pitcher will pitch to a batter until one of four things happens[4]:
 The batter gets three strikes against him/her. A strike occurs when the
batter swings at a pitch but misses it (or hits it foul with less than two
strikes against him/her), or when the pitch passes through the strike zone
but the batter does not swing at it.
 The pitcher throws four "balls," which are pitches that fail to pass
through the strike zone and which are not swung at by the batter. In this
case the batter "walks," meaning s/he is awarded first base.[5]
 The pitcher hits the batter with a pitch. In this case, too, the batter is
awarded first base. (This applies only to fast-pitch softball. There is no such
thing as a hit batter in slow-pitch.)
 The batter reaches base safely by virtue of a hit, a fielder's choice, or a
fielding error (or rarer occurrences such as catcher's or runner's
interference).
 To get a batter out, a pitcher can record three strikes against the batter, or a
fielder can catch a batted fly-ball (in either fair or foul territory) before it hits the
ground.
 If the batter hits a ground ball, s/he will be out at first base if a fielder can
secure the batted ball and throw it to the first baseman who steps on first base
before the batter can do so.
 To get a runner out, an infielder can tag the runner with the ball (or the
gloved ball) while the runner is between bases.
 In the case of a "force out," a runner is forced to advance to the next base
when there is nowhere else for him/her to go, and s/he may be put out by any
infielder who while holding the ball steps on the base before the runner arrives
there. In this case the fielder does not have to tag the runner. A force out
commonly occurs when a batter hits the ball to an infielder, who throws it (or runs
it) to first base before the batter can run there.
  When a batter hits a fair ball s/he may attempt to run as far around the
bases as s/he thinks possible without being tagged out by the defense. Every time
a runner crosses home plate, they score one “run” (or point) for their team.
 At the end of seven innings, the team with more runs wins the game. If the
score is tied, the choice can be made to let the game end in a tie or play one or
more extra innings until one team is ahead at the end of an inning.

4Know the positions. When a team is fielding (playing defense), each player is

assigned a specific position on the field. There are two general areas of the field, the
infield and the outfield.

 The infield is the dirt section of the field. The infielders consist of the pitcher,
catcher, first baseman, second baseman, shortstop, and third baseman.
 The outfield is the grassy section farther from home plate consisting of left,
center, and right field with an outfielder stationed in each. Some leagues
(particularly in slow-pitch) allow a fourth outfielder such that the positions are left,
left-center, right-center and right field.
 Although the catcher and pitcher are infielders, they are specialized positions
that involve added practice time, often separate from the rest of the team.
Part2
Gathering Your Equipment
1Find the right glove. When you're playing defense, you'll wear a leather glove on
your non-throwing hand to help you catch thrown or batted balls.[6]

 If you purchase a new glove, you will want to "break it in" by removing the
stiffness of the new leather. There are several methods of doing this, including
baking the glove in an oven with special oil applied, leaving it in the sun, or
playing a lot of catch with it.
 Playing the catcher position in fast-pitch requires a special glove. The gloves
of catchers (and first basemen) are called mitts. They are made of heavier
construction than the typical softball glove.
2Choose a bat. Softball bats are not all the same. They must be chosen with a player’s
size and strength in mind. When you look for a bat, look at three primary factors: the
length, the weight, and the style.

 To find a bat that is the right length, stand up straight and hold a bat by its
knob at the end. If you can hold your arm straight down, and the bat touches the
ground, it is the right length for you. If you have to bend your elbow, it is too long.
If the bat doesn't touch the ground, it's too short.
 To find a bat that is the right weight, look at the drop. The drop is the
numerical difference between the bat's height (in inches) and its weight (in
ounces). The drop will range anywhere from -8 to -12. Lighter bats (near -12), are
 good for weak or slow batters. Heavier bats (near -8), are best for strong batters.
You can also test the suitability of the bat's weight by placing it in your throwing
hand and holding it straight out in front of you. If you can easily hold it at arm's
length for a full minute or more, it is not too heavy for you.
 There are two main types of softball bats available, aluminum and
composite. Each type is appropriate for both beginners and experienced players,
but aluminum bats are more popular. These are also available in single- or double-
walled construction. Single-walled are cheaper but slightly less effective than
double-walled bats. Composite bats will hit the ball farther, but they can crack
easily in cold weather. [8]
2.

3Purchase a batting helmet. Playing softball, especially fast-pitch, can be dangerous

if you don’t take safety precautions. Most fast-pitch leagues require batters to use a
caged batting helmet (pictured above), but even if they don’t, it is best to wear one
when you are up to bat.

4Get a pair of cleated shoes. Cleats are used in several sports and give you better
traction while running after a ball or between bases. For softball, rubber or plastic cleats
are appropriate. Metal cleats are typically banned in softball leagues, as they pose a
danger to sliding runners and infielders who try to tag them.

5Look for additional, optional gear. These include batting gloves, which cushion the
hands, protect against blisters, and improve bat grip. If you are a fast-pitch catcher, you
will want to use a mask, chest protector and shin guards. Some players who frequently
slide into bases choose to wear sliding pads.

Part3
Learning to Bat

1Ready your stance. When you’re up to bat it is not enough just to stand at the plate.
Here are a few batting-stance tips to keep in mind every time you go up to hit:

 Keep your feet at shoulder width from each other. Place them equi-distant
from home plate (unless you're trying to hit down one foul line or the other).[9]
 Bend your knees and lean slightly toward home plate.
 Put more weight on your back leg. When you swing you will push off using
your back leg for power.
  Keep the appropriate distance from the plate. To know how far away you
should stand, stick your bat straight out over home plate as if you were in mid-
swing. The barrel of the bat should be above the center of the plate. If not, back
up or move closer to the plate.

2Hold the bat in a comfortable grip. When you bat you should be holding the rubber
grip near the knobbed end. Your throwing hand should be higher on the bat than your
non-throwing hand, and your hands should be touching each other as they grip the bat.

 Line up your knuckles on the handle of the bat.

 When you take your stance the bat should be held at a slight angle from
vertical above your back shoulder.
 Hold the bat with your hands near your ear.

3Prepare to swing. Maintain your batting stance as the pitch comes toward you. Keep
your knees bent and the bat positioned near your ear.

4Swing to hit the ball. Keep the bat horizontal as it sweeps through the strike zone.
Don't reach for a bad pitch. Patiently wait for a good pitch. Swinging at a bad pitch rarely
results in a hit.

 Swing “shoulder to shoulder.” This means that your chin starts out near your
non-throwing shoulder, and you swing all the way around so that your throwing
shoulder finishes near your chin.
 Swing hard with a strong follow-through. This means to continue the swing
until the bat almost touches your non-throwing shoulder. If you hit the ball, don’t
drop the bat as soon as you make contact, as you will lose half of your power. Use
all your strength and continue the swing until the bat has moved to the other side
of your body.
 Move your feet. Most batters take a small step with their front foot toward
the pitcher as they swing. The back foot normally remains planted, although you
may find that you pivot on the ball of your back foot as you swing.
 An exception to the rule of keeping your back foot planted on the ground
occurs if you're trying to hit to the opposite field. For instance, if a right-handed
batter is trying to hit to right field, s/he may want to move her/his right foot
farther from the plate just before swinging, thus facing more toward right field.
 Rotate your body with the swing. Remain flexible while you swing by twisting
your torso slightly. This will add power to your swing.
  Keep your eye on the ball. Watch it all the way from the pitcher's hand to the
point of contact with the bat. This will improve your chances of hitting the ball
solidly.
 Once you hit the ball, softball etiquette requires that you not throw the bat.
Instead, drop it as carefully as possible outside the baseline so that nobody trips
over it.

5Move toward first base once you've hit a fair ball. Your goal is to get on base
safely.

 If you're not sure whether your batted ball will land in fair territory, run hard
toward first base until an umpire has indicated the ball is foul. Your first-base
coach will help you decide whether to stop at first base or keep running. Your job
is making it safely to or beyond first base rather than watching what is happening
in the outfield. That's the coach's job.
Part4
Learning to Throw

1Stretch your arms before starting to throw. Injuring your arm is easy to do if you
don’t warm up your muscles first. 2Start by throwing to a nearby target. Although
it's easy to get excited and start throwing at a target 100 feet (30.5 m) away, this is
definitely not what you should do. Throwing too hard at first can increase the likelihood
of injuring yourself.

 Start throwing at a target ten feet away. This may seem too close, but as
your arm gets loosened up you will gradually back away from your target.
 To emphasize basics, start out by throwing from a kneeling position while
holding your throwing elbow in place. This will force you to snap your wrist as you
throw, a technique you should always use when throwing, because it adds power
to your throw. After doing this for a while you can progress to standing.
 After every twenty or so throws you can back farther from your target. Don't
back so far that you're making uncomfortably long throws repeatedly. Save that
for the games.

3Get in the correct throwing stance. Start by standing perpendicular to your line of

throw. When you begin the throw your throwing shoulder will face away from your
target.

 Your feet should be level with each other and shoulder-width apart.
 To start a throw, you will probably want to hold the ball inside your glove
near your chest. Keep a grip on the ball while it's in the glove.
4Grip the ball correctly. The best way to hold the ball is with your fingertips touching
a seam.[10]
2.

5Wind up your arm to throw. Pull the ball from your glove, drop your arm down and
back, then bring it up and around past your head to throw.

 Avoid drawing your elbow straight back as if you were pulling a slingshot or
bow and arrow. This will limit the power and distance of your throw.
 Don’t worry about dropping your throwing arm all the way down your side
before bringing it back and around. Wind up your arm, and use the full weight of
your body to aid in making the throw.
3.

6Aim for your target. If you are playing catch, your target should always be your
partner’s chest. This goes for game throws, too.
4.

7Make the throw. Bring your throwing arm down and back, and then around past the
top of your head. Release the ball when your arm is fully extended in front of you. The
release point depends on how high and far you want to throw. A higher release point
means a higher (and longer) throw.[11]

 You should have a strong follow-through on every throw you make. Your
throwing hand should end up near the middle of your body after you have
released the ball. This will help prevent you from developing a sidearm delivery
and causing injury to your shoulder or elbow.
 Turn your shoulders and head toward your target on every throw. Be sure to
maintain eye contact with your target. This will help direct the muscles in your
body to throw where you want. Looking away can cause the ball to fly off in the
wrong direction.
 Take a small step with your front foot on a short throw, a longer step for a
longer throw.
 Use your gloved hand to point at your target as you wind up to throw, and
then drop that arm to your side as you deliver the ball.
8Don’t worry about speed at first. The most important part of throwing is accuracy,
not speed or strength. When you are first learning, focus on simply getting the ball to
your target. You'll develop speed soon enough.

Part5
Learning to Catch

1Hold your glove properly. When you are playing catch it's important that your glove
be held in front of your chest.

 Don't hold your glove with the pocket facing you or with the fingers pointing
toward the ground. If you try to catch a ball like that, it could bounce up and hit
you in the face.
 Don't hold your glove vertically, because if you don’t have a good grip on the
ball it might pop out of your glove right after you’ve caught it.
 Hold the glove wide open so that there is room for the ball to land. If your
glove is even partially closed, the ball may hit the outside of the glove and fall to
the ground instead of landing inside.

2Get in the ready position. If you are playing catch, the best position to be in is the
“ready position,” with your knees slightly bent and your torso leaning slightly forward on
the balls of your feet. This allows you to shuffle in any direction to catch a ball not
headed straight for you.

 Keeping your feet too close together could cause you to trip or make it
harder to get a good jump on a ball hit far away from you.
 Keep your eyes open. Softballs, contrary to what the name suggests, can be
painful if they hit you. Keep your glove in the ready position to catch a stray ball
coming your way.
3Play catch whenever you can. The best way to practice catching is simply to play
catch. Practice throwing and catching in the ready position. Concentrate on holding your
glove the right way.

 To start, have balls thrown toward your chest. This is the most basic catching
practice and will help you to warm up.
 Squeeze the ball in your glove every time you make a catch to keep it from
bouncing out of the glove. Use your throwing hand to trap the ball inside as soon
as it enters the glove.
 Have your partner throw balls slowly to start before making stronger throws.
This will help you get used to the contact and grip necessary to catch the ball.
4Learn to catch grounders. A grounder is a ball hit or thrown that rolls or bounces
along the ground. You catch them with a different method than balls in the air.
  Get in the ready position, but instead of holding your glove to your chest,
hold it near the ground. The tips of the fingers should touch the dirt or grass to
prevent the ball from rolling under the glove.[12]
 Be ready to move to either side, as rocks or tufts of grass can cause the ball
to make a sudden change in direction.
 Although your glove should be open toward the ball with the fingertips
touching the ground, don’t hold it so that the ball could bounce up and hit you in
the face. Keep it at a slight angle to prevent this.[13]
 Stand up after catching a grounder to make a throw. Don’t try to make a
throw from your position near the ground.

5Learn how to catch pop-flies. A pop-fly is a ball hit high in the air above the infield
or shallow outfield.

 Hold your glove near your face.

 Move under the ball. If you need to back up, don't run backwards, because
you could trip and fall. Instead turn your body so that you can run back sideways
while looking up at the ball.
 Position yourself so that you don't have to reach out to catch the ball. Stand
directly beneath it so that you catch it near your face. Reaching for it will increase
the likelihood that the ball will bounce off or out of your glove.
 If necessary, block out the sun or field lights with your glove to help you see
before making the catch.
 Bring the glove back to your chest before grabbing the ball with your
throwing hand. This will help you realign your body into the proper throwing
position.

Softball Rules
Softball is a variation of the sport baseball. It’s more commonly played at a recreational
level and played on a pitch smaller than that of baseball. Whilst the rules are very similar
there are some that differ. The sport is widely played throughout North America but
there are also professional leagues played in Asia, Europe and South America.

Object of the Game

The object of softball is to hit the ball with a bat before the player tries to run around an
infield with four bases. Once a player manages to get right round without being given
out a run is scored. The team with the most runs at the end of the game is deemed the
winner.
Players & Equipment

Each softball team has 9 players. The game takes place over 7 innings and within each
innings the team will bat then field. An innings is split into two sections called the top
and the bottom of the innings. The away team bats first at the top of the innings whilst
the home team field, then teams switch so the home team bats at the bottom of the
innings.

Pitch sizes vary in softball and are often just whatever size can be found or used at the
time. The in- filed has four bases in a diamond shape. The bases are home base (where
the batter stands), first base, second base and third base. Home plate can be found in
the centre of the field where the pitcher must stand to throw the ball. The pitcher must
throw the ball underarm and must have at least one foot on the plate at the point of
delivery.

Once a batting order is set at the start of the game it cannot be changed throughout. A
batsman can be given out by being caught by a fielder without the ball bouncing,
missing the ball three times in which a strike is called or by being tagged by a fielder
holding the ball whilst running between bases. A batsman can be walked to first base if
the pitcher fails to get the ball within the strike zone 4 times without a stroke being
made. The strike zone in softball is larger than that of baseball.

Teams can be mixed with men and women or with just a single sex on each team. Once
a team have completed their innings then the teams switch to do the opposite role. An
innings is complete when the fielding team manage to get three players out from the
bating team.

Scoring

To score a run the batsman must successfully first hit the ball and make it around the
bases without being given out. One run is scored for every batsmen they manage to get
round. A run can be scored even if the batsmen who hit the ball doesn’t make it round to
home plate but manages to get a player that’s already on one of the bases home.

Winning the Game

The winners of the game will be decided after the 7 innings have all been completed.
The team with most runs after 7 innings will be declared the winner. If after 7 innings the
game is tied, then an extra innings will be played until a winner is found.

Rules of Softball

 Each team consists of 9 players and teams can be of mixed gender

 A game lasts for 7 innings and is split into two sections; the top and bottom of the
innings.
 Each team bats once in each innings before the sides switch.
  The fielding team has a pitcher, catcher, a player on first base, second base, third
base, three deep fielders and short stop.
 A batter must successfully strike the ball and run around as many bases as
possible. Once they get all the way around and back to home plate without being
given out a run is scored.
 The fielding team can prevent the batsmen by making them miss the ball, catching
the ball, tagging one of the bases before they reach it or tagging the batsmen
whilst they are running with the ball in hand.
 Down the first and third base line is a foul area. Once the ball crosses this line
before it bounces the ball is deemed ‘dead’ and play restarts with a new pitch.
 A home run can be scored by hitting the ball over the outfield and into a dead ball
area. The batsmen can then stroll around the bases to score along with any
additional batsmen on base.

Softball Officials and Their Duties

Softball officials are known as umpires, and each has a different responsibility depending
on where he covers the field. The umpires must ensure the rules of the game are
followed, and there is a decisive winner and loser based on fair play and accurate calls
based upon what happens in the game.

Home Plate Umpire

Umpires working home plate in a softball game have the most responsibility of any
umpire on the field. They must call every pitch a ball, strike or foul within a strike zone
which varies from batter to batter. This requires the umpire to pay close attention to
each pitch and the number of balls and strikes with each batter, as well as how the
pitcher pitches the ball and whether he is doing it legally or not. They must also pay
attention to other rules pertaining to batters and catchers, for example, making sure
batters stay within the batter's box when they are hitting, catchers don't interfere with a
batter's swing and batters don't interfere with a catcher trying to throw base runners
out. The home plate umpire must also call base runners out or safe at home plate, which
are also often game-deciding calls.

Base Umpires

Umpires are also assigned to watch each base, from first to third. These umpires have a
number of duties each inning, which entail watching each base and deciding whether
runners are safe or out on plays at that base. First base umpires usually have the most
challenging job of the three, as many close plays are made at first base. They must
watch the base to see if the runner beat an attempted out and is safe, or if the throw
beat them and they are out. These umpires must also watch baserunners who are
stealing bases and determine if they were tagged out, picked off, or if they made it to
the bag before the tag was made. These umpires must also watch the pitcher, to see if
they are pitching illegally.

Line Umpires

While these umpires are not always needed in smaller league games, they are often
hired to simply watch balls hit down the lines of the outfield and decide whether the ball
is fair or foul. If the ball lands on or inside the white line, it is fair. If it lands outside the
white line, it is foul. These umpires also have the final call on whether home runs
bounced off the top of the wall are fair or not.

Submitted by: Lunalyn T. Rugay

BEED 2

Submitted to: Dr. Eusebia Mendoza