LEARNING EVIDENCE 
ROBOTIC STAGE 2 
Andrea Dorantes Calderón 
Julissa Hernández Rodríguez 
Ángel Baruch Rodríguez 
Canizales 
Jordan Josué Cortés Cárdenas  
GROUP 204 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 LEARNING EVIDENCE 
 
What are the best programming languages for robots? 
 
•​LISP​, in full list processing, a computer programming language developed about 1960 by John McCarthy 
at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). LISP was founded on the mathematical theory of 
recursive functions (in which a function appears in its own definition). A LISP program is a function 
applied to data, rather than being a sequence of procedural steps as in FORTRAN and ALGOL. LISP uses 
a very simple notation in which operations and their operands are given in a parenthesized list. For example, 
(+ a (* b c)) stands for a + b*c. Although this appears awkward, the notation works well for computers. LISP 
also uses the list structure to represent data, and, because programs and data use the same structure, it is easy 
for a LISP program to operate on other programs as data. 
 
LISP became a common language for artificial intelligence (AI) programming, partly owing to the 
confluence of LISP and AI work at MIT and partly because AI programs capable of “learning” could be 
written in LISP as self-modifying programs. LISP has evolved through numerous dialects, such as Scheme 
and Common LISP. 
 
 
•​C++​ is an object-oriented language which was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup.It is considered to be a 
superset of C and which supports all features of C language. It provides all object-oriented programming 
features like encapsulation, data hiding, inheritance, and polymorphism. 
 
1. #define 
 
This C++ Command can be used to substitute a particular value throughout the file in which it is located.  
 
2. #error 
 
This Command helps in displaying the error message which is defined and indicates the compiler to stop 
when this command is encountered.  
 
3. #include 
 
This includes Command helps in including the mentioned files in the code and making use of those. It can 
be used in two ways: 
 
#include <filename>#include “filename" 
 
4. #pragma 
 
By making use of this C++ command the programmer has the capability to let the compiler know of what 
different things are to be done.  
 
 
 
5. #line 
 
This C++ Command is used to change the value of __LINE__ and __FILE__ variables. 
 
6. #if 
 
This Command helps in specifying conditions that are to be followed.  
 
7. #ifdef 
 
This C++ Command is useful to check if a macro has been defined by #define statement or not. 
 
8. Cout 
 
When a user wants to print some text or value of any variable that was defined previously then cout is used. 
 
9. Cin 
 
In order to accept the value from the user and assign it to a particular variable, the developer must make use 
of cin variable.  
 
10. __FILE__ 
 
This variable helps in representing the current file that is being processed.  
 
 
JAVA 
 
The command line argument is the argument passed to a program at the time when you run it. To access 
the command-line argument inside a java program is quite easy, they are stored as string in String array 
passed to the args parameter of main() method. 
 
 
 
•​MATLAB​ Robotics researchers and engineers use MATLAB and Simulink to design and tune algorithms, 
model real-world systems, and automatically generate code – all from one software environment.  
 
With MATLAB and Simulink, you can: 
 
Connect to and control your robot with the algorithms you develop. 
Develop hardware-agnostic algorithms and connect to the Robot Operating System - both ROS and ROS2. 
Connect to a range of sensors and actuators so you can send control signals or analyze many types of data. 
Eliminate hand-coding by automatically generating code for embedded targets like microcontrollers, 
FPGAs, PLCs, and GPUs in many languages such as C/C++, VHDL/Verilog, Structured Text, and 
CUDA. 
Connect to low-cost hardware such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi using pre-built hardware support 
packages. 
Simplify design reviews by creating shareable code and applications. 
Work with legacy code and integrate with existing robotics systems. 
 
 
 
ROGIC 
 
When programming you establish and order a set of steps, meaning an algorithm that leads you to solve a 
problem or task. 
 
The graphical user interface in rogic is simple ,it allows you to control the robot through icons that simulate 
a flow diagram based on logic.You can perform easy programming exercises or add sequential, conditional, 
and cyclic control structures. 
 
Building and programming a robot helps you to integrate theoretical and practical knowledge and activate 
way and understand that there’s more than one way to solve a problem  
 
OPTION MENU​:The menu in rogic contains the options: File, Setting,Mode and about. This icons 
display various commands such as saving and opening a program, as well as configuration and updates for 
the robot. 
 
FILE​: contain new, open, save, save as, exit as options. 
•New: to start a new program. 
•Open:to open a program, either to execute it or edit it. 
•Save:To save a program that we already edited. 
•Save as:To save a program for the first time, allowing us to choose the location where we want to save it. Si  
• Exit: to quit the program. 
 
SETTING​: this option allows us to adjust the CPU port where the robot will be connected to the 
computer. 
 
MADE: R ​ obot updates, wireless connection vía Bluetooth and virtual remote control.  
 
ABOUT​: shows information about the version of rogic that we are using. 
 
BUTTON AREA: t​ hey are used to download the program directly to the CPU of the robot that you have 
created, as well as to run and stop a program. 
•Download: compile and download the program in the robot CPU. 
•Run:starts the running of the program(to see the robot in motion , it must be connected to the computer).  
•Stop: stops the running program ( when the robot is connected to the computer).  
•www:link to the official page. 
•Exit:close the program. 
  
COMMAND AREA​: The rogic software screen has a set of commands that are useful to give the structure 
and precise instructions to the robots through the programing. They are composed by the following 
commands:​functions, chips, delay, while, if else and sensors.  
 
PROGRAMMING AREA​: in the main screen of rogic, the blue squared area is the place where the 
programming is carried out by placing and nesting the programming blocks. 
 
DELETE COMMANDS​: the programming blocks that you wish to delete are placed on this icon. 
 
NAVIGATION BARS: t​ hey are used to navigate on the programming screen.  
 
NEW (VOID): ​subcommand is displayed, which allows you to create new functions. 
 
START: n ​ ew functions are written after start. 
 
CHIPS: ​when selecting it, 8 commands are displayed.  
 
DC MOTOR: m ​ ovement of direct current motors. 
 
SERVO: ​control the degrees of position in the servomotors.  
 
VOICE: ​programs the horn. 
 
DOT MATRIX: ​matrix or array of LEDs that can be turned on and off. 
 
ON: a​ ctivates the selected output ports. 
 
OFF: ​turns off the selected output ports. 
 
VARIABLE: ​declares variables for functions. 
 
CALCULATE: ​performs calculations for functions. 
 
DELAY: ​it gives the instruction for wait in a certain period of time. 
 
 
Quiroga, K ., Gallegos, R ., Ojeda, A y Rodríguez Diana. (2019). introduction to robotics.
monterrey,N.L.: ediciones delaurel.