Technical Assistance Report

Project Number: 47158-001

Policy and Advisory Technical Assistance (PATA)
July 2013

Republic of the Union of Myanmar: Design of

e-Governance Master Plan and Review of
Information and Communication Technology
Capacity in Academic Institutions
(Cofinanced by the Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge
Partnership Fund and the People’s Republic of China Regional
Cooperation and Poverty Reduction Fund)

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s
members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
(as of 15 May 2013)

Currency unit – kyat (MK)

MK1.00 = $0.0011
$1.00 = MK886

ABBREVIATIONS
ADB – Asian Development Bank
ICT – information and communication technology
TA – technical assistance

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CLASSIFICATION

Type – Policy and advisory technical assistance (PATA)

Targeting classification – General intervention
Sector (subsectors) – Multisector (tertiary and higher education, economic and
public affairs management, information and communication
technology)
Themes (subthemes) – Governance (public administration), capacity development
(institutional development, organizational development)
Location (impact) – National (high)
Partnerships – Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund
and People’s Republic of China Regional Cooperation and
Poverty Reduction Fund

GLOSSARY

e-governance – A set of action plans identified with high-level details on

architecture blueprint implementation requirements, resource requirements, as well
as procurement and maintenance requirements needed to
undertake e-governance activities
e-governance – e-governance is the application of information and
communication technology (ICT) for delivering government
services, exchange of information communication
transactions, and integration of various stand-alone systems
and services between government-to-citizens (G2C),
government-to-business (G2B), government-to-government
(G2G) as well as back-office processes and interactions
within the entire government framework. Through
e-governance, government services can be made available to
citizens in a convenient, efficient, and transparent manner.
[Derived from B. Saugata and R.R. Masud. 2007.
Implementing E-Governance Using OECD Model (Modified)
and Gartner Model (Modified) Upon Model (Modified) Upon
Agriculture of Bangladesh. City: IEEE. 1-4244-1551-9/07.]
e-governance master – A plan that defines steps necessary to build a foundation for
plan transformation of how government services can be delivered
using ICT. It includes identification of action items, high-level
 implementation mechanisms, and rough cost estimates as
assumed at the time of preparing the plan.
white space technology – In telecommunications, white spaces refer to frequencies
allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally. A
technology used to exploit this spectrum for broadband
enablement of a limited area is referred to as white space
technology.

NOTE
In this report, “$” refers to US dollars.

Vice-President B. Lohani, Knowledge Management and Sustainable Development

Director General S. Chander, Regional and Sustainable Development Department (RSDD)
Director S. Nicoll, Public Management, Governance and Participation Division,
RSDD

Team leader A. Ramamurthy, Senior Public Management Specialist (ICT and

e-Governance), RSDD
Team members C. Faustino-Chan, Senior Operations Assistant, RSDD
L. Francisco, Public Management Officer (Financial Management), RSDD
P. Gonzales, Operations Assistant, RSDD
T. Hla, Financial Sector Economist, Southeast Asia Department (SERD)
H. Iwasaki, Principal Infrastructure Specialist, SERD
K.Y. Shin, Principal Financing Partnerships Specialist, Office of
Cofinancing Operations
S.Y. Yoon, Senior Public Management Specialist (e-Governance), RSDD

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any
designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the
Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status
of any territory or area.

The views expressed herein are those of the consultant and do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s
members, Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
 CONTENTS
Page

I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. ISSUES 1
III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 2
A. Impact and Outcome 2
B. Outputs 2
C. Methodology and Key Activities 2
D. Cost and Financing 4
E. Implementation Arrangements 5
IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION 5

APPENDIXES

1 DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK 6

2 COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN 8
3 OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS 9
 I. INTRODUCTION

1. The Policy and advisory technical assistance (TA) to Myanmar will support the Ministry
of Communications and Information Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology in
developing comprehensive plans to enhance capacity for and to deliver effective and efficient e-
governance services. In a reconnaissance mission and fact-finding mission to Naypyitaw,
Myanmar during 11–17 March 2013 and 6–16 May 2013, respectively, the Asian Development
Bank (ADB) discussed with government officials the design of an e-governance master plan and
review of capacity for information and communication technology (ICT) in a context
encompassing academic institutions. Agreements were reached on the impact, outcome,
outputs, implementation arrangements, cost, financing arrangements, and terms of reference of
the TA. Details are in the design and monitoring framework (Appendix 1).1

2. The TA has been included in the loans, grants, and TA pipeline propositions to the
Government of Myanmar ensuing from ADB’s country programming mission of 26 February–15
March 2013. The country programming mission determined the demand and priorities of the
Government of Myanmar for ADB support based on the interim country partnership strategy,
2012–2014 for Myanmar.2

II. ISSUES

3. The outlook for Myanmar’s economy is positive, bolstered by expected strong export
earnings from resource-based commodities and an increase in foreign direct investment. ADB
forecasts the country’s gross domestic product to grow from about 6.3% in 2012, to about 6.5%
in 2013, and 6.7% in 2014. Myanmar has recently opened its engagement with the rest of the
world. Therefore, many sectors of the economy need to be revived and upgraded to global
standards in order to bring inclusive and environmentally sustainable growth. This requires
enhancing e-governance delivery and capacity for supporting systemic institution-building
activities in core economic sectors.

4. In its efforts to improve efficiency, transparency and wider reach of public service
delivery, the Government is focusing on streamlining its processes by undertaking
administrative reforms initiatives. e-governance is expected to play a significant role in this effort.
Toward this end, the Government has established an interministerial task force for appraising
public services performance that is headed by a senior minister in the President’s office and
includes representation at deputy minister level from a range of key ministries. While the
initiative will eventually encompass all of government, it focuses initially on such key areas
impacting the economy as trade, investment, electricity, and telecommunications (see table).

5. One of the key issues facing the Government as it seeks to introduce ICT systems to
help strengthen performance of public services is the lack of a coherent and systematic
approach to the design, evaluation, and adoption of such systems. This presents a real risk of
government agencies adopting systems on an ad hoc basis, and that such systems may prove
inappropriate from a needs as well as cost-perspective basis. In such case, systems could
prove incompatible in effectively sharing information between systems in the various agencies.
This issue is particularly acute just now, since many development partners are offering support
for ICT systems.

1
The TA first appeared in the business opportunities section of ADB’s website on 24 April 2013.
2
ADB. 2012. Interim Country Partnership Strategy: Myanmar, 2012-2014. Manila
2

6. A common framework is therefore needed to guide the design, evaluation, and adoption
of these systems in order to ensure their cost-effectiveness, interoperability, and
appropriateness while allowing them to effectively support the government’s reform efforts.
Therefore, such ICT solutions must be undertaken comprehensively by way of developing an e-
governance master plan that identifies and satisfies the various demands in a systematic
manner.

7. Essential in parallel with this, is to review ICT capacity in the country’s ICT academic
institutions in order to provide a supply of skilled human resources to nurture and support
e-governance initiatives. The maturity of the country’s ICT academic institutions in ICT discipline
is an indicator for the extent of the supporting environment for sustaining e-governance
initiatives. Typically, this requires the use of ICT educational assets, research in ICT, and the
fostering of innovation in implementing an e-governance program.

8. In order to develop the skills of ICT graduates and academia, it is essential to bring new
technology solutions by way of demonstration projects such as TV White Spaces, e-learning, e-
library with content generation, tracking and search solutions. Such an approach will help
gaining practical knowledge in emerging technologies which will foster entrepreneurial
capabilities in the country. Hence, the e-governance approach must encompass big-picture
development of an e-governance program for the country, including strengthening the supply
side by reviewing ICT capacity in the ICT academic institutions.

III. THE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

A. Impact and Outcome

9. The impact of the TA will be enhanced service delivery capacity and efficient public
management of public services in the country. Its outcome will be the adoption of an integrated
approach to implementing government applications and online services to achieve enhanced
capacity for delivering public services.

B. Outputs

10. The deliverables of the TA include (i) design of an e-governance master plan and action
items, (ii) development of a sustainability action plan for ICT capacity enhancements in the
identified ICT academic institutions, and (iii) development of demonstration initiatives and
knowledge transfer in academic institutions. Development of the e-governance master plan and
review of ICT capacities in academic institutions will include analysis of existing ICT capacity for
e-government and build upon that analysis and existing capacity.

C. Methodology and Key Activities

11. The TA will help the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology to design
an e-governance master plan. The activities are (i) collecting e-governance demands from
selected ministries; (ii) developing high-level functional and technical requirements; (iii)
evaluating and proposing resource requirements, organizational structure, e-governance project
execution methods, and performance baselines and targets; (iv) developing an e-governance
ICT architectural blueprint, including technical standards to which government agencies must
adhere; and (v) identifying changes in policy and in business processes and procedures that are
needed for implementing e-governance in the identified functional areas.
 3

12. The national e-governance master plan will be developed using a sampling approach of
collecting e-governance information system requirements from selected functional areas. The
requirements will be used to extrapolate the e-governance architectural blueprint for the country.
The selected functions identified for the e-governance master plan, as suggested by the Ministry
of Communications and Information Technology, are shown in the table below.

Functional Areas under the e-Governance Master Plan

Classification
Service Functional Area System of Area Lead Agency
Government-to- Information and Strengthening of ICT Ministry of
citizens communication government infrastructure Communications
structure departments’ portals and Information
and web information Technology
management
Improving statewide
connectivity of public
institutions
Streamline access to
information through
telecenter-based
services
Establishing cross
infrastructure
leveraging for
telecommunications
broadband (using
optical fiber
infrastructure)
Government-to- Information Strengthening end-to- ICT application Ministry of Finance
business technology for end trade facilitation by and e- and Commerce
business developing efficient Governance
environment interface for single
improvement window clearance
Government-to- Information Introducing document ICT systems Ministry of
government technology for and/or file management Communications
efficient public system and Information
administration Technology
Implementing civil Ministry of
service personnel Personnel/ Public
management system Service
Commission
Strengthening data Ministry of National
collection capabilities Planning and
and statistical analytical Economic
capabilities; census Development
management and
national identification
exercise

13. The TA will help the Ministry of Science and Technology in reviewing the ICT capacity of
the identified ICT academic institutions and implementing demonstration projects in new
technologies. The activities include (i) reviewing the ICT curriculum by benchmarking against
4

identified institutions, including assessment of lab facilities, then drawing up an action plan; (ii)
studying ICT certifications offered in the country and identifying additional certification needs;
(iii) identifying accreditation possibilities; and (iv) studying and recommending action plans with
a view to leveraging those institutions to carry out such innovative activities as creating an
incubator facility and deploying innovative technologies by implementing demonstration projects
in academic institutions.

14. The academic institutions that will be included in this initiative are (i) University of
Computer Studies, Mandalay; (ii) Department of Information Technology, Mandalay
Technological University; (iii) University of Technology (Yatanarpon Cyber City); and (iv)
Department of Information Technology, Yangon Technological University. During the course of
the implementation of this TA, steps will be taken to discuss with the regional centers of
excellence3 in e-governance and ICT academia to explore collaboration for supporting the e-
governance program.

15. The TA will implement demonstration projects in new and emerging technologies in the
identified ICT academic institutions. The activities include deployment and transfer of knowledge
about how to maintain the technology.

D. Cost and Financing

16. The TA is estimated to cost $1,575,000, of which (i) $500,000 will be financed on a grant
basis by ADB’s Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-V); (ii) $500,000 will be financed on a
grant basis by the Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund; and (iii)
$500,000 will be financed on a grant basis by the People’s Republic of China Regional
Cooperation and Poverty Reduction Fund, and administered by ADB. The government will
provide counterpart support in the form of office space, office supplies, venues for conferences
and seminars, and other in-kind contributions. The cost estimates and financing plan are in
Appendix 2. Disbursements under the TA will follow ADB’s Technical Assistance Disbursement
Handbook (2010, as amended from time to time).

17. This TA will proceed on the assumptions, and has mechanisms built in to ensure, that
there will be (i) strong ownership by the government agencies, (ii) government commitment to
re-engineer and adopt simplified business processes, and (iii) adequate project coordination
activities by the government.

18. No adverse social or environmental concerns are foreseen. Since there is no financial
transaction with government agencies, no issues related to public financial management,
procurement, and corruption are contemplated.

19. However, there are a few potential risks anticipated in the areas of (i) possible delays
due to the government’s capacity to absorb e-governance changes; (ii) external changes,
including political, economic, social, and technological factors; and (iii) possible shortfall in the
technical capacity of the government workforce.

3
Indicative list of centers of excellence includes institutions such as Seoul National University, National University of
Singapore, Infocomm Development Authority of Singapore, and leading international players in ICT including
private entities.
 5

E. Implementation Arrangements

20. The Ministry of Communications and Information Technology will be the executing
agency and implementing agency for the e-governance master plan part of this TA. The Ministry
of Science and Technology will be the executing and implementing agency for the review of ICT
capacity in academic institutions part of the TA. The Ministry of Science and Technology and
the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology will provide necessary coordination
support in relation to executing their respective components in the review of ICT capacity in
academic institutions and design of the e-governance master plan. ADB will be responsible for
recruiting consultants and managing their contracts. In developing the master plan, coordination
with development partners in Myanmar will be maintained

21. The TA will be implemented over 12 months from September 2013 to August 2014. It will
include consultancy services to be provided by an e-governance and ICT education services
firm or one with similar qualifications. International consultants and national consultants will be
engaged on a full-time or intermittent basis to work with staff of the executing and implementing
agencies assigned to the TA. The program requires employment of varied ICT skills and hence
ADB will expect the prospective consulting firms to propose solution by leveraging its alliances,
and partnerships. Outline terms of reference for consultants are in Appendix 3.

22. Consultants will be engaged by ADB in accordance with ADB’s Guidelines on the Use of
Consultants (2010, as amended from time to time). In case of difficulties in finding a qualified
firm, individual selection will apply for consulting services. Procurement will follow ADB’s
Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to time). The TA will use the quality- and
cost-based selection method while employing an 80:20 quality—cost ratio in order to address the
need for quality consultants. Consultants will manage workshops, training, seminars, and
conferences under the TA budget. The outputs will be handed over to the executing and/or
implementing agency when the TA is completed.

23. Implementation of the TA will be monitored through monthly progress reports and
standard reporting requirements for (i) an inception report (at the end of October 2013), (ii) an
interim report (at the end of February 2014), (iii) a draft final report (at the end of June 2014),
and (iv) a final report (during August 2014). In addition to the reports, a project management unit
based in-country and utilizing national consultancy on a continuous or intermittent basis will be
established for the TA’s duration. That unit will help in coordinating with the consultants and
government agencies. Additionally, status review meetings will be conducted to discuss issues
and solutions. The facilitation support for such meetings will be coursed through the Foreign
Economic Relations Department.

IV. THE PRESIDENT'S DECISION

24. The President, acting under the authority delegated by the Board, has approved (i) ADB
administering a portion of technical assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $500,000 to be
financed on a grant basis by the Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund, (ii)
ADB administering a portion of technical assistance not exceeding the equivalent of $500,000 to
be financed on a grant basis by the People’s Republic of China Regional Cooperation and
Poverty Reduction Fund, and (iii) ADB providing the balance not exceeding the equivalent of
$500,000 on a grant basis, to the Government of Myanmar for the Design of e-Governance
Master Plan and Review of Information and Communication Technology Capacity in Academic
Institutions, and hereby reports this action to the Board.
6 Appendix 1

1 DESIGN AND MONITORING FRAMEWORK

Performance Targets and Data Sources and Assumptions and

Design Summary Indicators with Baselines Reporting Mechanisms Risks
Impact Assumption
Enhanced service Systematic planning of Official reports published Government’s
delivery capacity and information and or announcements made commitment to
efficient public communication technology by government agencies re-engineer and adopt
management of (ICT) for provision of in Myanmar simplified business
public services in the information and public processes
country services to people
Risk
Improved e-Government United Nations’ Delays due to
Development Index. e-Government government’s capacity
Baseline (Year 2012): Development Database to absorb e-governance
0.2703 changes
Target year: 2016

Outcome Assumption
Adoption of an At least two compliance Official reports published Strong ownership by
integrated approach reviews by targeted or announcements made government agencies
in implementing beneficiary departments by by government agencies
government 2014 in Myanmar
Risk
applications and
External changes,
online services to Measure: Usability,
including political,
achieve enhanced functionality, and
economic, social, and
capacity for public appropriateness of the
technology factors
service delivery design and deployment of
the system

Outputs Assumption
1. e-Governance At least 10 e-governance Official reports published Adequate project
master plan and action items identified by or announcements made coordination activities
action items Q2 2014 by government agencies by the government
designed in Myanmar
Prioritization of action
Risk
items
Possible shortfall in the
government workforce’s
2. Sustainability Identification of at least 10 Official reports published
technical capacity
action plan for ICT action items for or announcements made
capacity strengthening of ICT by government agencies
enhancements in capacity by Q2 2014 in Myanmar
the identified ICT
academic
institutions
developed

3. Demonstration At least one demonstration Official reports published

or announcements made
initiatives and initiative deployed in
by government agencies
knowledge transfer academic institutions by
in Myanmar
in ICT academic Q2 2014
institutions
developed
 Appendix 1 7

Activities with Milestones Inputs

1. e-Governance master plan and action items Asian Development Bank
designed (TASF-V) $500,000
1.1 Conduct workshops and seminars to collate Republic of Korea e-Asia
requirements and engagement (Sep 2013) and Knowledge Partnership
1.2 High-level business process documentation Fund $500,000
and policy requirements (Dec 2013) People’s Republic of China
1.3 Design of e-governance master plan, including Regional Cooperation and
assessment of as-is capacity and action items Poverty Reduction Fund $500,000
(May 2014)
1.4 Framing system architecture standards, Items Amount ($)
guidelines, and policies (Jun 2014) Consultants 1,304,000
1.5 Undertake seminars and workshops for refining Equipment 14,000
the master plan (Jul 2014) Training, seminars, workshops,
1.6 Securing acceptance of the government and and conferences 62,000
planning next steps (Aug 2014) Travel 65,000
2. Sustainability action plan for ICT capacity Miscellaneous administration
enhancements in the identified ICT and support costs 12,000
academic institutions developed Contingency 28,000
2.1 Undertake engagement on the basis of Publications and reports 15,000
workshops and seminars (Sep 2013)
2.2 Review of ICT capacity (i.e., ability to produce Note: The government will provide counterpart
ICT professionals) of identified four Myanmar support in the form of office space, office supplies,
and other in-kind contributions.
ICT universities by benchmarking with leading
institutions in the region (Jan 2014)
2.3. Design of action plans with details (May 2014)
2.4. Securing acceptance of the government and
planning next steps (Aug 2014)
3. Demonstration initiatives and knowledge
transfer in ICT academic institution
developed
3.1 Identify suitable demonstration initiative and
the campus (Sep 2013)
3.2 Secure interministerial approvals (Nov 2013)
3.3 Conduct study tours (Dec 2013)
3.4 Develop implementation project plan (Dec
2013)
3.5 Develop the initiative (Apr 2014)
3.6 Set up the maintenance arrangement and
knowledge transfer (Jun 2014)
3.7 Provide 1 month of warranty support (Jul 2014)
3.8 Handover (Aug 2014)

Source: Asian Development Bank.

8 Appendix 2

2 COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING PLAN

($‘000)

Item Amount
a
A. Asian Development Bank
1. Consultants
a. Remuneration and per diem
i. International consultants 400.0
ii. National consultants 32.0
b. International and local travel 23.0
c. Reports and communications 5.0
2. Publications 10.0
b
3. Equipment 14.0
4. Miscellaneous administration and support cost 8.0
5. Contingency 8.0
Subtotal (A) 500.0
c
B. Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund
1. Consultants
a. Remuneration and per diem
i. International consultants 400.0
ii. National consultants 36.0
b. International and local travel 21.0
2. Workshops, training, seminars, and conferences
i. In-country activities 21.0
d
ii. Site visits 10.0
3. Miscellaneous administration and support cost 2.0
4. Contingency 10.0
Subtotal (B) 500.0
C. People’s Republic of China Regional Cooperation and Poverty
c
Reduction Fund
1. Consultants
a. Remuneration and per diem
i. International consultants 400.0
ii. National consultants 36.0
b. International and local travel 21.0
2. Workshops, training, seminars, and conferences
i. In-country activities 21.0
d
ii. Site visits 10.0
3. Miscellaneous administration and support cost 2.0
4. Contingency 10.0
Subtotal (C) 500.0
Total 1,500.0
Note: The technical assistance (TA) is estimated to cost $1,575,000, of which contributions from the Asian
Development Bank, the Republic of Korea e-Asia and Knowledge Partnership Fund, and the People’s Republic of
China Regional Cooperation and Poverty Reduction Fund are presented above. The government will provide
counterpart support in the form of office accommodation, office supplies, and other in-kind contributions. The value of
government contribution is estimated to account for 5% of the total cost.
a
Financed by the Asian Development Bank’s Technical Assistance Special Fund (TASF-V).
b
Equipment includes computers, software, telecommunication devices, and accessories. Procurement of equipment
and assets for the TA will be in accordance with ADB’s Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to
time). The assets will be turned over to the respective line agencies upon completion.
c
Administered by the Asian Development Bank. Front loading will be utilized, if needed.
d
For demonstration initiatives and may include international site visits, if necessary.
Source: Asian Development Bank estimates.
 Appendix 3 9

3 OUTLINE TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONSULTANTS

1. One or more consulting firms or institutions in association with national consultants will
be engaged by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in accordance with its Guidelines on the
Use of Consultants (2010, as amended from time to time) while following the quality- and cost-
based selection method (80:20) and simplified technical proposals. In case of difficulties in
finding a qualified firm, individual selection will apply for consulting services. Procurement will
follow ADB’s Procurement Guidelines (2010, as amended from time to time). The firm(s) and/or
consultants(s) inputs will be provided on an intermittent basis in response to the government’s
requirements and progress made during implementation. The technical assistance will be
implemented over 12 months, commencing in September 2013 and with expected completion in
August 2014.

A. Output 1: Design of e-Governance master plan (international ICT firm, intermittent)

2. The consulting firm(s) and/or institutions(s) will

(i) assign a team leader to provide overall project management, to include reporting
on the status of activities to the ADB project officer, managing the national
consultants, and communicating with government officials and other stakeholders
as needed;
(ii) develop a traceable project plan through consultation with all stakeholders,
including the ADB project officer, government officials, and other consultants;
and
(iii) monitor the progress of the project implementation and assure the timely delivery
and quality of project outputs.

3. The design of the master plan requires multi-disciplinary skill sets to be employed in a
parallel and sequential manner. The desired skill types involved include IT strategy, policy and
business process re-engineering, application, infrastructure, IT governance, IT program
management, and IT maintenance.

4. The firm will report to the ADB project officer, through its project leader, and will perform
the following:
(i) Jointly create an e-governance master plan development methodology and
scope out the work with the nodal ministry—the Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology.
(ii) Perform a high-level scan of e-governance and/or information and
communication technology (ICT) status and capacity in consultation with the
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. This includes mapping
the business process architecture, application architecture, data architecture,
integration architecture, and infrastructure architecture for G2C, G2B, G2G, and
associated infrastructure needs.
(iii) Perform a high-level scan of organizational capacity and effectiveness of
organizational structure with regard to these ICT and e-governance activities in
relation to the government machinery and propose improvements thereof.
(iv) Review the relevant government policies and regulations and prepare necessary
recommendations in consultation with the Ministry of Communications and
Information Technology.
(v) Enumerate e-governance requirements of the country and assess readiness to
embark on the initiatives. Provide a detailed action plan to meet the
requirements.
10 Appendix 3

(vi) Elaborate e-governance services and components as specified in para. 12 table,

with high level scope and specifications, while making cost estimates that include
hardware, software, and skills requirements. Also, identify the maintenance
requirements and make rough projections of implementation costs.
(vii) Develop “to-be” architectural guidelines, policies, procedures, and standards for
all components, namely (but not limited to) the following:
(a) business case development process and reviews, including cost and
benefit estimation, monitoring and audit mechanisms;
(b) ICT assets and skills procurement procedures, plus associated
maintenance requirements;
(c) application architecture, including security, configuration management,
release management, schedule management, programming language,
operation system requirements, backup and recovery;
(d) data architecture, including reporting standards, tools and techniques,
business intelligence report development, and maintenance;
(e) integration standards, techniques, and tools;
(f) infrastructure architecture standards, business continuity and disaster
recovery procedures;
(g) performance management, and replacement techniques;
(h) IT governance processes and procedures;
(i) plans for statewide area networks, data center, and community-based
computer centers; and
(j) a procurement plan for software, hardware, and services.
(viii) Develop a detailed, high-level implementation methodology for e-governance
initiatives.
(ix) Develop a methodology to analyze e-governance requirements with
corresponding qualitative and quantitative evaluation techniques.
(x) Develop a model for citizen engagement in conception and delivery of
e-governance services.
(xi) Develop an e-governance architecture blueprint for the country by elaborating in
detail the vision, mission, and strategic initiatives needed to enable a G2B, G2C,
G2G, and technological landscape.
(xii) Establish an e-governance roadmap.
(xiii) Benchmark against global best practices while appropriately devising methods to
adapt these to the local context.
(xiv) Identify communication, training, and change-management requirements, then
develop a plan accordingly.
(xv) Organize a workshop to discuss the final recommendations and considerations at
national level with relevant stakeholders.
(xvi) Develop a dissemination platform (website) for the master plan and status
monitoring, reviewing feedback, and tracking.

B. Output 2: Capacity review of ICT facility and skills in ICT academic institutions
(international ICT firm, intermittent)

5. The skill requirements also consists of ICT academic program design, ICT course
evaluation cum benchmarking, ICT teaching involving certifications, ICT academic
management, ICT talent grooming, as well as ICT industry experience with particular references
to a national and/or international lead industry association, as an ICT industry strategist, and as
an ICT facility evaluation technician.
 Appendix 3 11

6. The firm will report to the ADB project officer, through the project team leader, and will
perform the following:
(i) Prepare a profile in the specified ICT universities encompassing
(a) ICT curriculum and ICT facilities;
(b) student admission processes and grading techniques;
(c) quality of teaching and nonteaching faculties;
(d) research standards and methods;
(e) student placement trends;
(f) university–industry collaboration including accreditation, if any; and
(g) demands of the national and international industry in terms of hard ICT
skills, certifications, or accreditation requirements, as well as of soft skills.
(ii) Assess the supporting environment and constraints of the ICT industry in the
private sector with particular references to ICT graduates of those universities
being studied.
(iii) Compare the profile by benchmarking against a prominent ICT institution in the
region or with a developed country.
(iv) Perform a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis
and propose an action plan.
(v) Prepare a capacity strengthening program by developing a detailed
implementation plan, including detailed requirements, dependencies, timeline
and costing. This will include the following:
(a) Assess the need for innovative initiatives like an ICT incubator to nurture
young talents and thereby develop entrepreneurial capabilities. If need is
established, prepare a detailed implementation plan that includes
requirements, dependencies, a timeline, and costing.
(b) Prepare a list of additional certification opportunities, activities associated
with its implementation, and an approximate cost.
(c) Develop a communication and change-management plan towards
implementation of the requirements.
(d) Organize a workshop to discuss the final recommendations and
considerations at the national level with relevant stakeholders.
(e) Review all the deliverables with the implementing government agency
and obtain their acceptance.

C. Output 3: Demonstration initiative development and knowledge transfer

7. The following experts will be needed in relation to demonstration initiatives :

(i) Demonstration technology expert and team leader (international, 2 person-
months). This e-governance expert should have a bachelor’s degree or a
master’s degree with certification in IT and at least 15 years of experience in
e-governance projects in different countries. She/he will be responsible to do the
following:
(a) Identify a piloting opportunity for enhancing ICT capacity through
demonstration project(s) in consultation with universities and the
government.
(b) Develop the demonstration project(s) and deploy it (them).
(c) Enumerate the maintenance requirements and associated dependencies.
(d) Develop a mechanism to sustain the demonstration initiative with
universities and private entities with the government’s concurrence.
12 Appendix 3

(ii) ICT expert (international, 2 person-months). The ICT expert should have a
bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree in engineering or a postgraduate degree
in IT with at least 5 years of experience in designing and/or implementing ICT
projects in the government sector. She/he will be responsible to do the following:
(a) Assist potential demonstration project(s) and implement them.
(b) Provide knowledge transfer about the demonstration project(s).

(iii) Legal and regulatory expert (international, 3 person-months, intermittent). The

legal and regulatory expert should have a master’s degree or Juris Doctor degree
in law or public administration with at least 10 years of experience in legal and
regulatory aspects in the public sector. She/he will be responsible to do the
following:
(a) Study the existing laws and regulations of Myanmar relating to ICT and
e-governance which are relevant to the demonstration project.
(b) Identify the laws and regulations needing to be modified and the changes
needing to be made in them in order to implement the demonstration
project.
(c) Develop a mechanism for enhancing public awareness from a corporate
social responsibility perspective and, from a legal perspective, strategies
for rolling out demonstration projects and knowledge transfer.
(d) Provide legal advice for governance and safeguards relating to the
subsequent project processing.

(iv) Legal specialist (national, 2 person-months, intermittent). The legal specialist

should have master’s degree in law or public administration with at least 5 years
of experience in legal and regulatory aspects in the public sector. The consultant
shall support the international legal and regulatory expert for consultation and
training. She/he will be responsible to do the following:
(a) Support collection of existing laws and regulations of Myanmar relating to
ICT and e-governance.
(b) Assist the international legal and regulatory expert to identify those laws
and regulations needing to be modified and the changes needing to be
made in them in order to implement the demonstration project.
(c) Provide support to the international legal and regulatory specialist for
drafting legal documents and undertaking stakeholder consultation.
(d) Support the international legal and regulatory expert by providing working
English translations of laws, regulations, etc.

D. National consultants (14 person-months, intermittent)

8. National specialists will provide technical support on the e-governance master plan,
strengthening the capacity of ICT in ICT academic institutions, feasibility study for e-governance
application development, and development of automation for the process of issuing export and
import licenses.

9. The national specialists, who will work under the supervision and guidance of the ADB
project officer, will perform the following tasks through the corresponding international
consultants:
(i) Liaise and support communication between government officials, the ADB project
officer through the team leader, and international consultants in order to
coordinate project activities.
 Appendix 3 13

(ii) Provide international consultants with local knowledge, experience, and up-to-
date information on current national conditions, policies, and pertinent issues to
help with the development of knowledge products and implementation of training
programs.
(iii) Monitor project progress, collect status reports, and prepare status reports on a
regular basis.
(iv) Organize workshops with relevant stakeholders.
(v) Carry out other duties that are within their specializations as may be assigned by
international consultants and ADB project officers.