The Sociological Spirit

Presentor: Prof Mark Decena

QCPU, OLFU, FEU
lino_decena_ph@yahoo.com
The moment a baby is born in this
world, he is bound to be influenced
by his society.
And even in his death
 Key Terms in Sociology
Society is a group of people who shape their lives in
aggregated and patterned ways that distinguish their
group from other groups.
Social Sciences are the disciplines that use the
scientific method to examine the social world, in
contrast to the natural sciences, which examine the
physical world.
Sociology - is the systematic or scientific study of
human society and social behavior, from large-scale
institutions and mass culture to small groups and
individual interactions
 SOCIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION
Used by C.W. Mills
Ability to look private trouble from a
sociological perspective
Personal Trouble vs Public Issues
Private Desire vs Public Influence
 The Birth of Sociology
Sociology – a newly born discipline
Batanes
 Microsociology and Macrosociology
Microsociology – small group interaction
Macrosociology – large scale social structure
 Sociological Theories
1. Structural Functional Approach – How large parts
work together to promote solidarity and stability.

2. Social Conflict Approach - Society is a place for

conflicts, groups of people are in conflict, and society is
constantly changing.

3. Gender Conflict Approach – looking at conflict and

inequality between men and women.

4. Symbolic Interaction Approach – Society is the

product of everyday actions of individuals.

5. Racial Approach – looking at conflict on a racial basis

Singapore Then and Now
CHANGI AIRPORT
 EDSA 3: A macroscopic view of
Social Cleavage in the Philippines
HACIENDA LUISITA
Violence against Women
Feminization of Poverty
APOLOGY
YASUKUNI SHRINE
RODNEY KING
INFERNO
Sociology and Other Social
Sciences
1 . H istory – Stu d y o f th e p a st.
2 . Po litical Science – Scie n ce o f sta te a n d go ve rn m e n t.
3 . Psycho lo gy – Stu d y o f in d ivid u a l b e h a vio r an d m e n ta l p ro ce sse s .
4 . A nthro po lo gy – T h e scie n ce o f m a n an d h is w o rks a n d b e h a vio r.
5 . Eco no m ics – Stu d ie s th e a sp e ct o f p ro d u ctio n , d istrib u tio n , e xch a n ge , an d
co n su m p tio n o f so cie ty.
6 . G eo graphy – Stu d ie s th e la n d s, fe a tu re s, a n d th e in h a b ita n ts o f th e e arth .
7 . Co m m unicatio n Studies – D e a ls w ith th e p ro ce ss o f h u m a n co m m u n icatio n
w h ich is co m m o n ly d e fin e d a s sh arin g o f sym b o ls to cre a te a m e an in g.
Famous Sociologists
1 . A U G U ST C O M T E – F a t h e r o f S o c io lo g y . In t r o d u c e d P o s it iv ism in t h e st u d y o f
s o c ie t y .
2 . K A R L M A R X – P r o p o n e n t o f C la s s C o n flic t . T h e h ist o r y o f m a n is t h e h ist o r y
o f c la ss st r u g g le . B o u r g e o is v s P r o le t a r ia t
3 . H ER B ER T SP EN C ER – S o c ia l D a r w in is m . S o c ie t y s h o u ld b e le ft a lo n e . T h e
p o o r d e s e r v e d t o b e p o o r a n d t h e r ic h t o b e r ic h .
4 . EM ILE D U R K H EIM – U s e d s t a t ist ic a l a n a ly sis t o e x p la in S u ic id e S t u d y .
M e c h a n ic a l v s O r g a n ic S o lid a r it y
5 . M A X W EB ER – Lo o ke d to ra tio n a lize h u m a n b e h a vio r. H e co n ce ive d
so cio lo gy a s scie n ce o f so cia l a ctio n
a . T e c h n o c r a t ic T h in k in g / G o a l O r ie n t e d A c t io n
b . V a lu e O r ie n t e d A c t io n
c . E m o tio n a l/ A ff e c t iv e M o t iv a t e d A c t io n
d . T r a d it io n a l O r ie n t e d A c t io n
Sociological Research
Quantitative and Qualitative
Research
The Scientific Method
1. SURVEY - i s a research m ethod i n w hi c h subj e cts respond to a seri e s of
statem ents or questi o ns i n a questi o nnai r e or an i n tervi e w . Survey
i n vol v es questi o nnai r es on i n the form of i n tervi e w s.
2. EXPERIM ENT - i s a research m ethod for i n vesti g ati n g cause and effect
under hi g hl y control l e d condi t i o n.
3. PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION - i s a m ethod by w hi c h researchers
system ati c al l y observe peopl e w hi l e j o i n i n g i n thei r routi n e acti v i t i e s.
4. SECONDARY ANALYSIS/ARCHIVAL RESEARCH - A research m ethod i n w hi c h
a researcher uti l i z es data col l e cted by others.
Survey and Sampling
Close Ended and Open Ended
Questionnaires
Experiment
Participant Observation
Secondary Analysis
Thank You!!!!!