Hitachi U1900 Spectrofotometer Manual ENG PDF

MODEL U-1900 UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER
Table of Contents
PREFACE
ABOUT THIS MANUAL
IMPORTANT IMPORTANT-1
PRECAUTION ON CE CONFORMITY MARKING IMPORTANT-1
1. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REQUIREMENT IMPORTANT-1
2. SAFETY REQUIREMENT IMPORTANT-1
INFORMATION FOR USERS ON WEEE
(ONLY FOR EU COUNTRIES) IMPORTANT-2
INFORMATION ON DISPOSAL FOR USERS IMPORTANT-2
1. In the European Union IMPORTANT-2
2. In other Countries outside the EU IMPORTANT-2
WARRANTY ON PRODUCT IMPORTANT-3
INSTALLATION, RELOCATION AND
AFTER-SALE TECHNICAL SERVICE IMPORTANT-6
CUSTOMER TRAINING IMPORTANT-6
OTHER PRECAUTIONS IMPORTANT-6
A SAFETY SUMMARY SAFETY-1

PRECAUTIONS ON SAFETY SAFETY-1
A General Safety Guidelines SAFETY-1
A Remarks on Safety of Spectrophotometer SAFETY-4
A Warning Label SAFETY-7
1. INSTALLATION 1-1
1.1 Unpacking 1-1
1.2 Installation Conditions 1-2
1.2.1 Power Requirements 1-2
1.2.2 Installation Place 1-2
1.3 Installation Environment 1-3
1.4 Check of Contents 1-4
1.5 Assembly 1-4
1.6 Antiearthquake Measure 1-5
1.7 Check of Power Voltage and Fuse 1-6
-1 -
Table of Contents (Cont'd)
1.8 Cable Connection 1- 7

1.9 Connection of Power Cord and Grounding Wire 1- 8
1.10 Power-On 1- 8
2. FUNCTION 2- 1
2.1 Outline 2- 1
2.2 Instrument Appearance 2- 1
2.2.1 Sample Compartment 2- 2
2.2.2 Right Side Panel of Spectrophotometer 2- 2
2.3 Principle of Operation 2- 3
2.3.1 Optical System 2- 3
2.3.2 Signal Processing & Control System 2- 4
2.3.3 Operating Panel 2- 5
2.3.4 Display 2- 6
2.3.5 Auto Calibration and Self-Diagnosis Functions 2- 6
2.4 Specifications 2- 7
3. OPERATION 3- 1
3.1 Booting the Equipment 3- 1
3.1.1 Initialization 3- 1
3.1.2 Main Menu 3- 2
3.1.3 Operation on the Main Menu 3- 2
3.2 Photometry 3- 3
3.2.1 Measurement of Transmittance (Absorbance) 3- 3
3.2.2 Concentration Measurement (Creation of Calibration Curve) 3- 9
3.2.3 Concentration Measurement (Entering Coefficient) 3-24
3.2.4 Measurement of Ratio 3-35
3.3 Wavelength Scan 3-42
3.4 Time Scan 3-61
3.5 Measurement in Enlarged Display Screen 3-76
3.6 Instrument Setup 3-78
3.6.1 Wavelength Calibration 3-79
3.6.2 0%T 3-80
3.6.3 <LampTime> Display and Reset the Lighting Time of Lamp 3-82
3.6.4 Validation Function of <GLP/GMP(Auto)> and
<GLP/GMP(Manual)> 3-84
3.6.5 Printer Setup 3-94
3.6.6 <TimeSetup> 3-95
3.7 Saving Measurement Parameters 3-97
3.8 Loading the Measurement Parameter File 3-98
3.9 List of Error Messages 3-99
Table of Contents (Cont'd)
4. MAINTENANCE 4- 1
4.1 Maintenance and Checkup 4- 1
4.1.1 Purpose of Maintenance 4- 1
4.1.2 Cleaning of Sample Compartment 4- 1
4.1.3 Cleaning of Spectrophotometer Cover 4- 2
4.1.4 Cleaning and Storage of Cell 4- 2
4.1.5 Lubrication 4- 2
4.1.6 Cleaning of Transmission Window Plate of Sample Compartment 4- 3
4.2 0%T Measurement 4- 4
4.3 Performance Check 4- 5
4.3.1 Wavelength Accuracy 4- 5
4.3.2 Wavelength Setting Repeatability 4- 6
4.3.3 Bandpass 4- 7
4.3.4 Noise Level 4- 8
4.3.5 Baseline Stability 4- 9
4.3.6 Baseline Flatness 4-10
4.4 Troubleshooting 4-12
5. REPLACEMENT OF PARTS 5- 1
5.1 General 5- 1
5.2 Consumable and Spare Parts 5- 1
5.3 Replacement of Light Source Lamp 5- 2
5.3.1 Light Source Lamp Replacement Procedure 5- 2
5.3.2 Lamp Turn-On Time Resetting 5- 5
5.3.3 Lamp Adjustment 5- 5
5.4 Storage 5- 9
5.4.1 After Measurement 5- 9
5.4.2 When Not Using the Instrument for a Long Time 5- 9
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1. ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY APPENDIX- 1
APPENDIX 2. FOR PROPER USE OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER APPENDIX- 2
INDEX INDEX- 1
- in -
1.1
1. INSTALLATION
1.1 Unpacking
After unpacking the shipping crate, carefully take out the spectrophotometer and place it on a
table.
CAUTION
CAUTION on taking out a heavy article
U-1900 is as heavy as about 27 kg. In order to prevent the
spectrophotometer from hurting people when it is taken out, special
attention should be paid and two persons should hold it tight from
both sides when taking it out.
Fig. 1-1 Model U-1900 Spectrophotometer
NOTICE:> The light source switching mirror is held in place by

sponge material during shipment of the instrument from
the factory. Prior to use, detach the light source cover
and remove the sponge material.
1 -1
1.2 Installation Conditions
NOTICE: A temporary fastener is used on Wl Lamp for safe

transportation. Remove this temporary faster.
Screw P Temporary fastener while transportation
1.2 Installation Conditions
Check that the following conditions are satisfied for the installation of the spectrophotometer.
1.2.1 Power Requirements
Power supply AC 100, 115, 220, 230 or 240 V

voltage Fluctuation should be within +10% of rated voltage.
Frequency 50 or 60 Hz
Fluctuation should be within ±0.5Hz of rated frequency.
Power rating 260 VA or more
Prepare a capacity of 500 VA or more in consideration of use together with
accessory devices.
Grounding line Grounding resistance should be 100 Q or less.
1.2.2 Installation Place
Floor area : Width of 370 mm and depth of 550 mm or more. Space of at least
200 mm should be provided on either side of the main unit.
Work table strength : Flat surface capable of withstanding weight of 27 kg or more.
1 -2
1.3
1.3 Installation Environment
(1) Operating temperature range 5 to 35 °C

In order to perform measurement under the most stable
condition, we recommend that the instrument be used in
an air-conditioned room at 20 to 25 °C.
(2) Operating humidity range 45 to 85%
(3) Storage temperature range -20 to +60 °C
(4) Storage humidity range 45 to 85%

No dew condensation is allowed. Humidity should be
less than 70% beyond 30 °C.
(5) Atmosphere, Gas
(a) Atmosphere should be free of acidic or alkaline gas or other gases that may corrode
metal.
(b) Atmosphere should also be free of vapor from organic solvents (such as benzene and
thinner) that may dissolve paint.
(6) Other General Precautions
(a) Avoid direct sunlight (otherwise optical performance might deteriorate or the housing
might be discolored). Install the instrument as far away from a window as possible.
(b) A strong vibration or shock that can be felt by the human body must not be transmitted
to the instrument (otherwise the fine adjustment mechanism might malfunction).
(c) Avoid the vicinity of a heat generating apparatus such as a gas burner, electric heater
or oven in order to prevent the mainframe cover being heated (beyond 60 °C).
(d) Avoid the vicinity of instruments that generate a strong electric field (such as an
electric welding machine, high frequency furnace or pole transformer).
(e) Avoid a dusty environment (otherwise optical performance might deteriorate).
(f) The instrument should be free from an abrupt variation of power supply voltage (which
constitutes a noise source).
(g) Do not turn on and off frequently electric instruments (such as stirrer or vibrator) that
are not provided with a noise-preventive device and are connected on the same power
line as the spectrophotometer mainframe.
NOTICE: The optical system is very delicate. And the control unit
incorporates high-density electronic circuit components
that function as a computer. The above cautions
should therefore be observed strictly.
1 -3
1.4 Check of Contents
1.4 Check of Contents
After unpacking, check the contents of delivery against the packing list. If any part is missing or
damaged, or if you have any question, contact your nearest Hitachi High-Technologies
Corporation sales representative.
1.5 Assembly
WARNING
Contact with the power supply voltage may cause an electric shock,
resulting in fatal or serious injury. Do not connect the power cord to
the outlet until the assembly work is finished.
The light source switching lever in the light source compartment is held in place by sponge
material to prevent its moving during transport. Remove the sponge material in the following
procedure.
(1) Detach the light source cover.

(2) Remove buffer-sponge and fasteners temporary applied for safe transportation.
(3) Reattach the light source cover.
1 -4
1.6
1.6 Antiearthquake Measure
Two threaded screw holes for a clamp are put both on the right and left sides of the body to
secure the spectrophotometer as an antiearthquake measure.
Use these threaded screw holes to secure the photometer as needed. (Each of the threaded
screw holes is for a 4 mm screw, and the spacing of two holes is 50 mm.) (The user needs to
prepare clamps and screws.)
Part No. 2J1-1365, Fastening Plate
Drawing of the clamp used in Fig. 1-2
Fig. 1-2. Sample of securing the body of the photometer
Secure the personal computer on the laboratory table with retaining bands as needed.
' 1> I I f 1 r
A N V A M ^ X -J. ywj^- A-^.^,,^
¥ f
I I t I •\ -
? uMtfwJ . , fn-.w-rt™-.^rnnnrrrrr*rT^, , L , * Vv ^ *S • rft-jVj-Agj^.-j
Fig. 1-3.Sample of securing the personal computer
1-5
1.7 Check of Power Voltage and Fuse
1.7 Check of Power Voltage and Fuse
WARNING
resulting in fatal or serious injury. Before checking the voltage and
fuse, make sure the power cord is disconnected.
First check if the line voltage to be used matches the allowable line voltage indicated on the label
beside the power connector.
.<*
Fuse holder
Fig. 1-2 Power Supply Section
Now check if the fuse capacity is suitable for the line voltage to be used.
Table 1-1
Fuse Capacity Part No.

3.15 A (time lag) J821336
1 -6
1.8
1.8 Cable Connection
Connect cables as indicated in Figs. 1-3 and 1-4.
WARNING
resulting in fatal or serious injury. Make sure the power switch is
OFF before the cable connection, and connect the power cord last.
To AC power source
Printer cable
Printer
Spectrophotometer
main unit
Fig. 1-3 Cable Connection
To AC power source
Printer RS-232C Printer

cable cable
Computer PC
Printer
Spectrophotometer
main unit
Fig. 1-4 Cable Connection (PC control)
1 -7
1.9 Connection of Power Cord and Grounding Wire
1.9 Connection of Power Cord and Grounding Wire
(1) Plug the power cord securely into the connector of the mainframe.
(2) When using a plug adapter or table tap, make sure its grounding wire is connected
securely to the grounding terminal.
To power receptacle
Grounding
terminal
Grounding Spectrophotometer
resistance 100 Q
or less
Grounding
wire (green)
Underground
fl-Ht Power cord
°*
300 mm
2 mm
X^
10 mmX
COMMON COMMON
W white
GROUND ..I. Si
/ \
COMMON
HOT HOT GROUND
S black green GROUND
Fig. 1-5 Grounding
1.10 Power-On
Insert the power cord adapter into a power receptacle and then turn ON the power switch of the
spectrophotometer.
1 -8
2.1
2. FUNCTION
2.1 Outline
The U-1900 is an instrument for photometric analysis in the ultraviolet and visible regions.
Described below are the functions of the instrument.
2.2 Instrument Appearance

Operating Panel
Display
Sample Compartment
Printer (Option)
D020422
Fig. 2-1 The U-1900 Spectrophotometer
2-1
2.2 Instrument Appearance
2.2.1 Sample Compartment

Sample compartment lid
Cell holder (4-stack)
Fig. 2-2 Sample Compartment
2.2.2 Right Side Panel of Spectrophotometer
The right side panel of the spectrophotometer contains the items shown below.
(3) Accessory LCD contrast

(6) Local-Remote (5) RS-232C (4) Printer output
connector adjusting knob
selector switch communication connector
connector
(2) LCD brightness
adjusting knob
(1) For adjusting contrast of LCD.
(2) For adjusting brightness of LCD.
(3) Connection to accessories such as automatic sipper.
(4) Connection to printer cable. This port must be connected to the printer port on a computer;
this port does not work when the instrument is under control of the computer.
(5) Set this switch at [REMOTE] when controlling from computer is desired; set at [LOCAL] when
operating as stand-alone.
(6) Connector for RS-232C communication cable for controlling from computer. Use only when
controlling on Hitachi Spectrophotometer Control Program, UV Solutions (option).
Fig. 2-3 Right Side Panel of Spectrophotometer
2-2
2.3.1
2.3 Principle of Operation
2.3.1 Optical System
The optical system of the U-1900 is shown in Fig. 2-4. The white light emitted from the light
source is led to the monochromator of Seya-Namioka mount that utilizes a concave diffraction
grating (with grating constant of 1/600 mm, blaze wavelength of 250 nm, and diffraction area of
20 mm x 25 mm), where it is transformed into a monochromatic beam. The beam from the
monochromator then passes through a filter, toroidal mirror (M2), and is separated into sample
beam and reference beam by half mirror (HM).
The sample beam that has passed through the sample in the sample compartment enters a
detector where it is converted into electric signal. The reference beam also passes through the
sample and enters a detector in the same way, and this signal is used as a reference in
photometry. This ratio beam system in which the reference beam is also detected provides very
stable measured values that are unobtainable with a single beam spectrophotometer.
Concave diffraction D 2 lamp

grating
( 1
^ ' Mirror (IV
Wl lamp
Exit slit * " " \
Filter (?f\
Mirror (M4) \
,, ,, . \ \ Detector 2
Half mirror \ \
L }
(HM) 7X \
Sample Lens
/ \ \ Sample A _
/ \ / \ \ side
M »r
Mirror (M3)\> \ \ U LDetector 1
V
Di
Mirror (M2)
Monochromator Sample compartment
Fig. 2-4 Optical System of U-1900 Spectrophotometer
2-3
2.3.2 Signal Processing & Control System
Fig. 2-5 shows the signal processing & control system. This system can be controlled either by
keyboard or by an external personal computer. The optical signal converted to an electric signal
by the detector is amplified and undergoes A/D conversion, after which it is log-converted by the
software and becomes absorbance data. The result of measurement appears on the LCD and
is printed out on the printer.
Monochromator section
Half mirror
Photometric \
section
Light source Sample

+
Detector
monochromator
•i
Signal & data processing section
I/O A/D
interface converter
Parallel
interface
c
RS-232C
serial
interface
Keyboard Display
External output section
Printer
Personal
computer
Fig. 2-5 Signal Processing & Control System
2-4
2.3.3
2.3.3 Operating Panel
Fig. 2-6 shows Operating Panel Face.
MAIN FOR
MENU WARD
00 TO
WL
AUTO
ZERO
CLEAR STOP Operating
ENTER Panel Face
RETURN START
Fig. 2-6
Key Function / Operation

MAIN MENU For choosing measuring mode. 6 measuring modes are
available.
GOTO WL For setting desired measuring wavelength. Acceptable
input range: 190.0-1100.0 nm. (0.1 nm step)
For specifying desired wavelength causes measuring to be
implemented at the specified wavelength.
AUTO For setting photometric value. Set at 0 Abs. when ABS
mode and at 100 %T when %T mode.
ZERO
PRINT For printing out wavelength and photometric value obtained.
When display is measurement results screen, the report is
printed out.
Numerical Keys For inputting numerals (function choosing, wavelength,
0,1, ...9 factor, standard).
Right/left Arrow Key For seeing previous or next screen of the data list.
<*•
Up/down Arrow Key For choosing desired item above or below.

A T
PAPER For paper feeding. A printer supported by PCL3 command
will not accept this key operation.
FEED
FORWORD For entering present measuring conditions then screen
moves to measuring screen.
CLEAR For correcting incorrect input.

RETURN For bringing back the present screen to the previous screen.
ENTER For entering inputted numerical values.
START For starting the measuring.
STOP For interrupting the measuring.
2-5
2.3.4 Display
Current
Current photometric
wavelength
value
-me
WL Scan ^ B a n j n m •BBSIABS
2 Print Setup
• Data Mode
Start WL(nm)
ABS
490.0
3 System Setup Stop WL(nm) 480.0
4 Proc Setup Upper Scale 1.000
5 Save Param Lower Scale -1.000
Speed(nm/min) 100
Measuring \
setting items Parameters
Select Function :
Setting input box (Enter setting value here)
Enter the desired item number of measuring setting in the setting box located at the bottom of
screen.
On the setting screen, enter numerical value, or instead, choose from among pre-set
alternatives.
2.3.5 Auto Calibration and Self-Diagnosis Functions
The U-1900 is equipped with the following auto calibration and self-diagnosis functions.
(1) Memory (ROM/RAM) check

(2) Wl lamp check
(3) D2 lamp check
(4) Wavelength driving mechanism check
(5) 656.1 nm wavelength check
2-6
2.4
2.4 Specifications
Table 2-1 Specifications of the U-1900
Optical system Seya-Namioka mount, ratio beam

Measuring wavelength range 190 to 1100 nm
Spectral bandwidth 4 nm
Stray light Within 0.05% (220 nm Nal, 340 nm NaNO2)
Wavelength accuracy +0.5 nm
Wavelength setting repeatability +0.3 nm
Measuring modes Photometry, wavelength scan, time scan, multiple
wavelength measurement
Photometric range Abs : -3.000 to 3.000
%T : 0 to 300%T
Cone : 0.000 to 9999
Photometric accuracy (with NIST +0.002 Abs (0 to 0.5 Abs)
SRM 930 filter) ±0.004 Abs (0.5 to 1.0 Abs)
+0.3%T
Photometric repeatability (with ±0.001 Abs (0 to 0.5 Abs)
NIST SRM 930 filter) +0.002 Abs (0.5 to 1.0 Abs)
+0.15%T
Wavelength scan speed 10, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200, 2400, 3600 nm/min (excluding
time for filter/light source changeover)
Baseline stability (Drift) 0.0004 Abs/h (500nm, 2 hours after power on)
Baseline Flatness ±0.002 Abs (200 to 950 nm)
Noise level +0.00015 Abs (500 nm)
Response Fast, Medium, Slow
Light sources Wl and D2 lamps
Light source switching Automatic (340 nm)
Detector Silicon photodiode
Display Backlighted LCD
Printer I/F Centronics
Serial I/F RS-232C, (Only for UV Solutions program)
Size 380 mm (W) x 643 mm (L) x311 mm (H)
Weight Approx. 27 kg
Power requirement 100, 115, 220, 230 or 240 V, 50/60 Hz
Power consumption 300 VA
2-7
3.1.1
3. OPERATION
This chapter describes how to handle the operation. As shown in Fig. 3-1-1, this equipment as
the following our operations depending on measurement mode. Read the section suitable to your
purpose.
Measurement of Transmittance Measurement of concentration
(Absorbance): Clause 3.2.1 (creation of calibration curve):
Measurement of Ratio: Clause Clause 3.2.2
3.2.4
Preparatory
operation
Section 3.1
Wavelength scan: Section 3.3 Measurement of concentration

Time scan: Section 3.4 (entering coefficient): Clause 3.2.3
Fig. 3-1-1 Classification of Measurement Modes
3.1 Booting the Equipment
3.1.1 Initialization
When you boot the equipment, it will automatically check the following items.
RAM RAM check
ROM ROM check
Wavelength Driver Wavelength drive-system
D2 Lamp D2 lamp lighting check
Wl Lamp Wl lamp lighting check
656.1 nm Wavelength calibration at 656.1 nm
OK will appear if every item has no problem, and NG will appear if some problems exist. If NG
appears, fix the problem with reference to Section 4.3.
At the time of 656.1 nm, if the lid of the sample chamber is opened (to allow entry of external
light) or if the power switch is turned on (for initialization) with the sample left in the sample
chamber, wavelength calibration cannot be accomplished normally to cause "NG" or wavelength
deviation, resulting in erroneous analyses. When the power switch is turned on (during
initialization), do not open the lid of the sample chamber nor leave a sample in the sample
chamber.
If NG appears in RAM, ROM, Wavelength Driver, D2 Lamp, or 656.1 nm, the system will stop.
If NG appears in Wl Lamp, you can proceed by pressing the CLEAR key.
If initialization ends without any problem, the main menu screen will appear.
3-1
3.1 Booting the Equipment
3.1.2 Main Menu
After the initialization, the parameter setup screen used in the previous measurement appears. If
you select a different measurement mode, press the |MAIN MENU|. The screen as shown in Fig.
3-1-2 will appear. You can select from the five modes on the main menu screen. Each mode will
be explained in and after the following section.
Main Menu
1 Photometry
2 WL Scan
3 Time Scan
4 Load Method
5 Instrument Setup
6 Data Display
Select Function :
Fig. 3-1-2
3.1.3 Operation on the Main Menu
The following operations are required to select the function displayed on the main menu. Press
the key of the number put on the item using keypad. For example, if you select Photometry
(quantitative operation), select Photometry and press the |ENTER| key. Or enter (1) and press
the | ENTER] key. The screen proceeds to the Photometry screen. Press the | RETURN] key or
press the |MAIN MENU| to return to the original main menu screen.
3-2
3.2.1
3.2 Photometry
If you select Photometry on the main menu screen, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-1 will appear.
Photometry •EJEnm —ABS
H i Param Setuo Data Mode ABS

2 Curve Setup Number of WL 6
3 Curve Data WL1(nm) 600.0
4 Print Setup WL2(nm) 560.0
5 System Setup WL3(nm) 540.0
6 Save Param WL4(nm) 520.0
WL5(nm) 500.0
WL6(nm) 400.0
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-2-1
The following functions can be selected on this mode. Proceed to the explanation of the function
to use.
1) Trace transmittance or absorbance of the designated wavelength —"Clause 3.2.1
2) Calculate concentration from the calibration curve of the standard
liquid --Clause 3.2.2
3) Calculate concentration from the calibration curve by entering
coefficient —•Clause 3.2.3
4) Calculate ratio and difference between 2 or 3 wavelengths —"Clause 3.2.4
3.2.1 Measurement of Transmittance (Absorbance)
The operation in this function is as follows
[Preparatory Operation!
Print Setup
Setup of Parameters! (Number of Wavelengths, Wavelength, Data Mode)
ÛTOZEROl
[Measurement!
Prinj
3-3
3.2 Photometry
(1) Setup of print items

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-2-1 screen and press the I ENTER) key, the screen
shown in Fig. 3-2-2 will appear.
Photometry Hfflnm KEEABS
1 Param Setup IriJJLLLMUJJ ON

2 Curve Setup Curve ON
3 Curve Data Standard ON
• 4 Print Setup Sample ON
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
DON @OFF
Fig. 3-2-2
The following items are available on the parameter setup screen. If Data Mode is set at %T
or ABS, the setup of Curve and Standard will become null.
Table 3-2-1 Setup Parameters and Their Setting Range
Item Setting Range Content of Function

ON To print measurement parameters.
Parameters
OFF Not to print measurement parameters.
ON To print the calibration curve graph.
Curve
OFF Not to print the calibration curve graph.
ON To print the standard data list.
Standard
OFF Not to print the standard data list.
ON To print the sample data list.
Sample
OFF Not to print the sample data list.
After you finish the setup, press the |RETURN| key, and press the |_AJ key three times,
and select "Param Setup." The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
NOTE: The header information will be printed on all reports even if all print items are set OFF.
3-4
3.2.1
(2-1) Measurement parameter setup

If you press the |ENTER| key on Fig. 3-2-1, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-3 will appear.
Photometry gECTilnm KEEABS
• i Param Setup ABS

6 Save Param
Select Function
0%T @ABS SCONC S RATIO
Fig. 3-2-3
The following items are available on the parameter setup screen. Set the Data Mode at %T
or ABS on the photometry mode.

%T To measure transmittance.
ABS To measure absorbance.
Data Mode
CONC To measure concentration.
RATIO To calculate the ratio.
Number of WL 1 to 6 To set the number of wavelengths to measure.
WL1 to WL6 190.0 to 1100.0 nm To set the wavelength. The figure entered in
the Number of WL is displayed.
After you finish the setup, press the [ RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
NOTE: If the Data Mode is set at %T or ABS, neither "Curve Setup" nor "Curve Data" is
required for setup.
3-5
3.2 Photometry
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-2-1 and press the [ENTER] key, the screen as
Photometry
1 Param Setup Medium

2 Curve Setup Lamp Change D2 Only
3 Curve Data D2 Lamp ON
4 Print Setup Wl Lamp ON
5 System Setui
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Q Fast @ Medium Slow
Fig. 3-2-4
The following items are available on the parameter setup screen.

Fast
Response Medium To select response.
Slow
Auto
Lamp Change D2 Only To select the change mode of light source.
Wl Only
ON To set ON or OFF of D2 lamp to be used for
D2 Lamp measurement in the ultraviolet range. You can make it
OFF remain OFF if you measure only in the visible range.
To set ON or OFF of Wl lamp to be used for
ON measurement in the visible range. Though it is
Wl Lamp
OFF normally set at ON, you can make it remain OFF if
you measure only in the ultraviolet range.
After you finish the setup, press the I RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
3-6
3.2.1
(2-2) Saving Measurement Parameters

The setup parameters will be stored even if power of the equipment is turned off, and it will
be on the screen if power is turned on. If you save the measurement parameters in the
form of files, follow the operation described in Section 3.7.
When you finish setting up parameters, press the |FOR WARD| key on Fig. 3-2-1 to move
to the measurement screen. Measurement parameters will be set up.
(3) Executing AUTOZERO

After you set the sample for the blank in the sample room, press the |AUTO ZERO] key.
The range will be shifted to the one set on the measurement parameters, and the auto zero
will be executed in each wavelength.
(4) Measurement
After the auto zero is executed, the sample will be measured. Change the sample, and
press the | START| key. After the range is shifted to the one set before and the data at
each wavelength are obtained, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-5 will appear.
Photometry K»m —ABS

ID WL1(nm) WL2(nm)
(600.0) (500.0)
1 1.000 1.000
2 1.000 1.000
3 1.000 1.000
4 1.000 1.000
5 1.000 1.000
: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
Q Measure jtj Print Setup number of pages
Fig. 3-2-5
The number of pages will be displayed on the right of the screen. In the case of multiple
pages, you can change the screen to display using the arrow key in the keypad.
NOTE 1: You can execute the auto zero between measurements. Set the blank and press the
[AUTO ZERO! key.
2: Press the | RETURN] key and return to the parameter setup screen to change
parameters.
3-7
3.2 Photometry
(5) Print Result

After completion of the measurement, press the | PRINT] key on the measurement result
screen (Fig. 3-2-5). The print out is like Fig. 3-2-6. The print items designated as "ON" on
the Print Setup will be printed.
Model U-1900!Spectrophotometer
Serial No. 3345997 1
Program No. 3J05300-00 1 Header
Name Information
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46 J
Operator
Photometry
Data Mode %T
Number of WL 3
WL1(nm) 600.0
WL2(nm) 500.0
WL3(nm) 400.0
Response Medium
Band pass(nm) 4.0
Lamp Change Mode Auto
Lamp Change WL(nm) 340.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Sample
ID WL1(nm) WL2(nm) WL3(nm)
(600.0) ( 500.0 > (400.0)
1 95.3 98.6 95.0
2 65.3 28.6 45.0
Fig. 3-2-6 Sample of Printing
NOTE: Fill in the blanks by hand in the items of Name (name of the sample), Operator (name of
the operator), and Path Length (length of the cell).
3-8
3.2.2
3.2.2 Concentration Measurement (Creation of Calibration Curve)
The operation in this function is as follows.
[Preparatory Operation
|Print Setupl
Setup of Parameters! (Number of Wavelengths, Wavelength, Number of Standard Samples

X ' and Concentration)
|AUTOZERO|
[Measurement of Standard Sample|
[Measurement of Sample
Print
3-9
3.2 Photometry
(1) Setup of Print Items

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-2-1 screen and press the |ENTER| key, the screen
Photometry
1 Param Setup ON
4 Print Setup Sample ON
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :
DON @OFF
Fig. 3-2-7
The following items are available on the parameter setup screen. Set an item desired to be
printed. (You can change the item to be printed after the measurement.)

Parameters
Curve
Standard
Sample
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key, and press the [_•] key three times,
3-10
3.2.2
(2-1) Measurement Parameter Setup

If you press the | ENTER] key on Fig. 3-2-1, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-8 will appear
Photometry •Hnm •IMIIIHIABS
H i Param SetuD CONC

6 Save Param
Select Function
fl%T |ABS § CONIC 0 RATIO
Fig. 3-2-8
The following items are available on the measurement parameter setup screen. Set CONC
at Data Mode in the Concentration measurement (creation of calibration curve).

Data Mode
To set the number of wavelengths to measure.
Number of WL 1-3 If the Data Mode is CONC, the number will 1 to
3.
190.0 to 1100.0 nm To set the wavelength. The figure entered in

WL1 to WL3 the Number of WL is displayed.
After you finish the setup, press the |RETURN| key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1
3-11
3.2 Photometry
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-2-1 and press the | ENTER! key, the screen as
Photometry Hnm BS

System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
QFast | Medium @Slow
Fig. 3-2-9

Fast
Slow
Auto
Wl Only
Wl Lamp normally set at ON, you can make it remain OFF if
OFF
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1
3-12
3.2.2
(2-2) Calibration Curve Parameter Setup

On the screen of Fig. 3-2-1, press the key once and select the "Curve Setup." If you
press the |ENTER| key, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-10 will appear.
Photometry MX™1 KEEABS
1 Param Setup ! IflflHSKBiB 1st order

• 2 Curve Setup STDs 2
3 Curve Data
4 Print Setup
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Q 1st order @K-Factor
Fig. 3-2-10
1 st Order To select the type of calibration curve. Set it at 1st

Curve Type order in the Concentration measurement (Creation of
K- Factor calibration curve) mode.
STDs 2 to 20 To set the number of standard solutions to be used.
3-13
3.2 Photometry
<Curve Type>
Select the type of calibration curve. Here, since a calibration curve is created by using the
standard liquid, select the "1st order." Press Q] and the ]ENTER| key on Fig. 3-2-11.
Photometry K H n ni BEEEABS
1 Param Setup 1st order

• 2 Curve Setup STDs 2
3 Curve Data
4 Print Setup
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
01st order @K-Factor
Fig. 3-2-11
<STDs>
Select the number of standard solutions. You can select up to 20 solutions. This screen is
displayed when you set "1st order" on the "Curve Type." If you wish to set the number of
standards at 3, press and the I ENTER] key on the screen Fig. 3-2-12.
Photometry nm
1 Param Setup Curve Type 1st order

3
3 Curve Data
4 Print Setup
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Input Value :_
Number of STD (2 to 20)
Fig. 3-2-12
3-14
3.2.2
(2-3) Calibration Curve Data Setup

On the screen of Fig. 3-2-1, press the key two times and select the "Curve Data." If
you press the |ENTER| key, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-13 will appear.
Enter the concentration of the standard sample.
Photometry Enm •IHIIIIIABS
1 Param Setup STD CONC

2 Curve Setup 1 0.000
• 3 Curve Data 2 10.000
4 Print Setup 3 20.000
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-2-13

CONC 0.000 to 9999.000 Enter the concentration of the standard sample.

When you finish setting up parameters, press the |FOR WARD| key on Fig. 3-2-1 to move

After parameters are set, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-14 will appear. Set the sample for
blank in the sample room, and press the |AUTO ZERO| key.
3-15
3.2 Photometry
(4) Measurement of the Standard sample

After the auto zero is executed, the standard sample is measured.
Photometry finm
ID ABS CONC
STD1 0.000
Prev • : Next (1/1)
Set STD sample and press START key:

RETURN key: Parameter setup
Fig. 3-2-14
Set the first standard sample, here, standard sample of 0.00 concentration, and press the
START! key. Then, measure standard samples 2 and 3. When the measurement of the
standard samples completes, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-15 will appear.
Photometry REEEnm M EJEJABS

ID ABS CONC
STD1 0.000 0.000
STD2 0.077 10.000
STD3 0.154 20.000
<: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
Q Measure § Graph § Print Setup
Fig. 3-2-15
3-16
3.2.2
(5) Measurement of Sample

If you select Q] on Fig. 3-2-15, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-16 will appear.
Photometry
m mPlililABS
ID ABS CONC
1
<Prev • : Next (1/1)
Set a sample and press START key:
Fig. 3-2-16
Set the sample and press the [ START] key.
Photometry m H BlililABS
ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.657
2
<: Prev • : Next (1/1)

STOP key: End of Measurement
Fig. 3-2-17
Then, change the sample and press the | START[ key. Repeat this operation. Press the
| STOP| key to stop the measurement. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-18 will appear.
3-17
3.2 Photometry
Photometry Bfflnm E liBBlABS

ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.657
2 0.075 9.984
3 0.150 19.786
<: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
Q Measure S Graph g Print Setup
Fig. 3-2-18
3-18
3.2.2
Display of calibration curve

If you press \2\ on either on Fig. 3-2-15 or Fig. 3-2-18, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-19
will appear.
Select Function :_
Q Scale @K0,K1 SSTDData
Fig. 3-2-19
The following commands are available in the command selection column on this screen.
<Scale> : You can change the scale of the calibration curve.
<K0,K1> : You can see the information of the calibration curve.
<STD Data> : You can see the data of the calibration curve.
NOTE: While this screen appears, the calibration curve will not be printed even if you press the
| PRINT[ key- Current wavelength and data will be printed. Press the |RETURN| key
on Fig. 3-2-19 to return to the measurement result setup screen of the standard data,
and then press the |PRINT|T key. (If Curve is set "ON" on the Print Setup, the
calibration curve will be printed.)
3-19
3.2 Photometry
Change of Scale
If you select [T| on Fig. 3-2-19, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-20 will appear.
Scales of the X-axis and Y-axis of the calibration curve should be set.
Photometry Bnm BS
20.000
X-Min: 0.000
Y-Max: 0.154
Y-Min: 0.000
Input Value :_
X-Max (0.000 to 9999.000)
Fig. 3-2-20
X-Max Enter the maximum of the scale on the X-axis

0.000 to 9999.000 (Concentration)
X-Min Enter the minimum of the scale on the X-axis

0.000 to 9999.000 (Concentration)
Y-Max Enter the maximum of the scale on the Y-axis

-99.999 to 99.999 (Photometry)
Y-Min Enter the minimum of the scale on the Y-axis

-99.999 to 99.999 (Photometry)
After the completion of scale change, press the | RETURN! key. The screen will return to
the graph screen and the graph on the changed scale will appear.
3-20
3.2.2
Display of Coefficient
If you select-[2] on Fig. 3-2-19, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-21 will appear.
Photometry Knm \BS
R=0.999
R2=0.999
K0= -0.023
K1=129.783
Select Function :_
Q Graph
Fig. 3-2-21
A calibration curve is calculated using the following formula.

CONC=K1 x photometry+KO
n
Yi VXi
n
Xi=Photometry of each standard
Yi=Entered concentration
n =Number of standards
The formula to calculate coefficient of correlation is as follows:
R=CD =
(n-SXi2-(ZXi)2)(n-IYi2-(lYi)2)
R2=R 2 =CD 2 =
3-21
3.2 Photometry
Display of the Standard Data

If you select \3\ on Fig. 3-2-19, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-22 will appear.
Photometry
ID ABS CONC
STD1 0.000 0.000
STD2 0.077 10.000
STD3 0.154 20.000
<: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :_
Q Graph
Fig. 3-2-22
3-22
3.2.2
(6) Print Result

If you press the | PRINT] key on Fig. 3-2-22, the report as shown in Fig. 3-2-23 will be
printed. The print item setup screen will appear if you press \3\ and the [ENTER| key on
Fig. 3-2-22. You can change the print items on this screen.
Model U-1900 Spectrophotometer
Serial No. 3345997

Program No. 3J05300-00
Name
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46
Operator
Photometry
Data Mode CONC
WL(nm) 600.0
Curve Type 1st order
Number of STD 3
Response Medium
Bandpass(nm) 4.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Standard
ID ABS CONC DIFF RD
STD1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
STD2 0.077 10.000 -0.030 -38.961
STD3 0.154 20.000 -0.036 -47.296
K0= -0.023 K1=" 29.783

R= 0.999 R2= 0.999
Sample
ID ABS CONC ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.657 2 0.075 9.984
3 0.150 19.786
Fig. 3-2-23
3-23
3.2 Photometry
3.2.3 Concentration Measurement (Entering Coefficient)
[Preparatory Operation|
V
Print Setupl
[Setup of Parameters] (Number of wavelengths, wavelength, K-Factor)
AUTOZEROl
[Measurement of Sample!
Prihl
3-24
3.2.3

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-2-1 screen and press the | ENTER| key, the screen
Photometry •MMIMABS
1 Param Setup I35155O3J9H ON

5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
0 O N @OFF
Fig. 3-2-24
printed. (You can change the item to be printed after the measurement.) If Curve Type is
set at K-factor, the setup of Standard will become null.
Table 3-2-8 Setup parameters and Their Setting Range

Parameters
Curve
Standard
Sample
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key, and press the |_Aj key three times,
3-25
3.2 Photometry

If you press the| ENTER] key on Fig. 3-2-1, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-25 will appear
Photometry
i Param Setup CONC

6 Save Param
Select Function :_
D%T @ABS @CONC 0 RATIO
Fig. 3-2-25
The following items are available on the measurement parameter setup screen. Set CONC
at Data Mode in the Concentration measurement (entering coefficient).

Data Mode
Number of WL 1 to 3 If the Data Mode is CONC, the number will 1 to
3.
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN! key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
3-26
3.2.3
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-2-1 and press the |ENTER| key, the screen as
Photometry gEEIilnm BBIilililABS
1 Param Setup
• 5 Svstem Setuo I
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Q Fast § Medium § Slow
Fig. 3-2-26

Fast
Slow
Auto
Wl Only
OFF
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
3-27
3.2 Photometry
(2-2) Calibration Curve Parameter Setup

On the screen of Fig. 3-2-1, press the T key once and select the "Curve Setup." If you
press the JENTER| key, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-27 will appear.
Photometry Knm
1 Param Setup K-Factor

STDs 3
3 Curve Data
4 Print Setup
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
D 1st order § K-Factor
Fig. 3-2-27
1st Order To select the type of calibration curve. Set it at

Curve Type K-factor in the Concentration measurement (Entering
K-Factor coefficient) mode.
3-28
3.2.3
(2-3) Entry of Factor

On the screen of Fig. 3-2-1, press the _•] key two times and select the "Curve Data." If
you press the |ENTER| key, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-28 will appear.
Enter the K factor.
Photometry slililnm MiWiWilABS
1 Param Setup -0.023

2 Curve Setup K1 129.783
• 3 Curve Data
4 Print Setup
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-2-28
KO, K1 -9999.000 to 9999.000 Enter the factor.
If the K factor is used, the following formula is used to calculate the concentration.
C (Concentration) = K1 x ABS (Photometry value) +K0
The calibration curve crosses the coordinate origin if KO equals zero.

When you finish setting up parameters, press the I FOR WARD | key on Fig. 3-2-1 to move

blank in the sample room, and press the |AUTO ZEROj key. AUTOZERO will be
executed at designated wavelengths, respectively.
3-29
3.2 Photometry

After the auto zero is executed, the samples are measured.
Photometry im
ID ABS CONC
1
: Prev • : Next (1/1)

Q Graph RETURN : Parameter Setup
Fig. 3-2-29
Set the sample and press the | START[ key.
Photometry Bnm
ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.657
2
Prev • : Next (1/1)

Fig. 3-2-30
Then, change the sample and press the I START| key. Repeat this operation. Press the
I STOP| key to stop the measurement. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-31 will appear.
3-30
3.2.3
Photometry KEJEnm M filililABS

ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.657
2 0.075 9.984
3 0.150 19.786
•4: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
Q Measure @ Graph § Print Setup
Fig. 3-2-31
3-31
3.2 Photometry
Display of Calibration Curve

If you press the[2]and the |ENTER| key on Fig. 3-2-31, the screen as shown in Fig.
3-2-32 will appear.
0.00'
0.000
Select Function :_
D Scale @K0,K1
Fig. 3-2-32
The following commands are available in the command selection column on this screen.
<Scale> : You can change the scale of the calibration curve.
<K0,K1> : You can see the information of the calibration curve.
NOTE: While this screen appears, the calibration curve will not be printed even if you press the
PRINT[ key. Current wavelength and data will be printed. Press the I RETURN] key
on Fig. 3-2-32 to return to the measurement result setup screen of the standard data,
and then press the | PRINT| key. (If Curve is set "ON" on the Print Setup, the
calibration curve will be printed.)
3-32
3.2.3
Change of Scale
If you select \T\ on Fig. 3-2-32, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-33 will appear.
Scales of the X-axis and Y-axis of the calibration curve should be set.
Photometry | EliliKBnm •HJABS

mm 20.000
X-Min: 0.000
Y-Max: 1.000
Y-Min: 0.000
Input Value :_
X-Max (0.000 to 9999.000)
Fig. 3-2-33
After the scale was changed, press the | RETURN] key to return to Fig. 3-2-32. A
calibration curve will be redrawn in the changed scale.
Display of Coefficient
If you select [|] on Fig. 3-2-32, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-34 will appear.
Photometry nm \BS
K0= -0.023
K1=129.783
Select Function :_
Q Graph
Fig. 3-2-34
Press |JJ |ENTER| or the RETURN key to return to the previous screen (Fig. 3-2-32).
3-33
3.2 Photometry
(5) Print Result

If you press the | PRINT| key on Fig. 3-2-31, the report as shown in Fig. 3-2-35 will be
printed. The print item setup screen will appear if you press [3] and the [ENTER| key on
Fig. 3-2-31. You can change the print items on this screen.
Serial No. 3345997

Name
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46
Operator
1.000
ABS
^ - "
i
0.000 CONC 20.000
Photometry
Data Mode CONC
WL(nm) 600.0
Curve Type K-Factor
Response Medium
Bandpass(nm) 4.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Standard
K0=-0.023 K1=129."^83
Sample
ID ABS CONC ID ABS CONC
1 0.071 9.357 2 0.075 9.984
3 0.150 19. 786
Fig. 3-2-35
3-34
3.2.4
3.2.4 Measurement of Ratio
[Preparatory Operation]
[Print Setupl
Setup of Parameters! (Number of Wavelengths, Wavelength)
[AUTOZEROl
[Measurement!
iPrintj
3-35
3.2 Photometry

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-2-1 screen and press the | ENTER] key, the screen
Photometry KEJEnm REEABS
1 Param Setup hi.uj.mujj ON

5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
DON @OFF
Fig. 3-2-36
printed. (You can change the item after the measurement.) If Data Mode is set at RATIO,
the setup of Curve and Standard will become null.

Parameters
Curve
Standard
Sample
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN! key, and press the |_AJ key three times,
3-36
3.2.4

If you press the[ENTER| key on Fig. 3-2-1, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-37 will appear.
Photometry BIIIIIMABS
• i Param Setup RATIO

6 Save Param
Select Function
D%T @ABS @CONC S RATIO
Fig. 3-2-37
The following items are available on the measurement parameter setup screen. Set the
Data Mode to RATIO for the ratio measurement.

Data Mode ABS To measure absorbance.
Number of WL 2 to 3 If the Data Mode is set to RATIO, the number
will be 2 to 3.
After you finish the setup, press the [RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.
The following calculations will be performed using the set up wavelength.
(a) When the wavelength is 2

DIFF=WL1-WL2
RATIO=WL1/WL2
(b) When the wavelength is 3

DIFF=WL1-WL2
RATIO=(WL1-WL3)/(WL2-WL3)
3-37
3.2 Photometry
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-2-1 and press the |ENTER| key, the screen as
Photometry

;5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-2-38

Fast
Slow
Auto
Wl Only
OFF
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN! key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-2-1.

3-38
3.2.4
When you finish setting up parameters, press the | FOR WARD [ key on Fig. 3-2-1 to move

blank in the sample room, and press the [AUTO ZERO| key. AUTOZERO is executed at
designated wavelength, respectively.

After the auto zero is executed, the standard solution is measured.
Photometry Knm
ID
1 WL1(600.0nm)
WL2(500.0nm)
WL3(400.0nm)
DIFF
RATIO
•4: Prev • : Next (1/1)

RETURN : Parameter Setup
Fig. 3-2-39
Set the sample and press the [ START| key to move to the wavelength that was set,
collect the data, and display the result. The following ID number will appear.
Photometry
ID
3 WL1(280.Onm) 0.214
WL2(260. Onm) 0.064
WL3(320. Onm) 0.012
DIFF 0.150
RATIO 3.885
4
: Prev • : Next (1/1)

Fig. 3-2-40
3-39
3.2 Photometry
Then, change the sample and press the | START| key. Repeat this operation. Press the
| STOP| key to stop the measurement. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-2-41 will appear. The
screen will move to the set wavelength, and obtained data to display the result.
Photometry BlililABS
ID
3 WL1(280.0nm) 0.214
WL2(260.0nm) 0.064
WL3(320.0nm) 0.012
DIFF 0.150
RATIO 3.885
< : Prev • : Next (3/3)
Select Function :
Q Measure § Print Setup
Fig. 3-2-41
3-40
3.2.4
(5) Print Result

Press the |PRINT| key after you finish the measurement. The result will be printed as
shown in Fig. 3-2-42.

Serial No. 3345997
> Header
Name Information
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46J
Operator
Photometry
Data Mode RATIO
Number of WL 3
WL1(nm) 600.0
WL2(nm) 500.0
WL3(nm) 400.0
Response Medium
Band pass(nm) 4.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Sample
ID WL1(nm) WL2(nm) WL3(nm) DIFF RATIO
(600.0) (500.0) (400.0)
1 0.103 0.032 0.012 0.071 4.550
2 0.112 0.037 0.012 0.075 4.000
3 0.214 0.064 0.012 0.150 3.885
Fig. 3-2-42 Sample of Printing
3-41
3.3 Wavelength Scan
3.3 Wavelength Scan
When you select \2\ on the main menu screen, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-1 will appear.
WL Scan E»im |liMKilABS
• i Param Setuo Data Mode ABS

2 Print Setup Start WL(nm) 490.0
Speed(nm/min) 100
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-3-1
[Preparatory Operation]
Print Setup]
|Setup of Parameters] (Wavelength, Data Mode, Scan Speed)
[Baseline Calibration]
i
[Measurement
Data Processing
3-42
3.3
(1) Print Parameter Setup

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-3-1 screen and press the [ENTERl key, the screen
WL Scan KEJEnm KEBABS

I
1 Param Setup Auto OFF
• 2 Print Setup I Parameters ON
3 System Setup Graph ON
4 Proc Setup Peak ON
5 Save Param Valley OFF
All Data OFF
Interval(nm) 10.0
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-3-2
printed. (You can change the item to be printed after the measurement.)

If it is set ON, automatic print will be
ON performed after measurement. If it is set
Auto OFF, you can print by pressing the
OFF
PRINT key.
ON If it is set ON, the measurement
Parameters parameters will be printed.
OFF
ON If it is set ON, the spectrum will be
Graph printed
OFF
ON If it is set ON, the peak data list will be
Peak printed.
OFF
ON If it is set ON, the valley data list will be
Valley printed
OFF
All Data printed
OFF
Designates the wavelength interval to
print the photometry value if "ALL DATA"
Interval(nm) is ON. However, if a smaller value than
0.1 to 100.0 the sampling interval of the acquired data
is set, the sampling interval will be
adopted for print.
3-43
3.3 Wavelength Scan
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key, and press the [_Aj key once, and
select "Param Setup." The screen will return to Fig. 3-3-1.

The following items are available on the parameter setup screen of Fig. 3-3-1.
Table 3-3-2 Setup parameters and their setting range

%T Used to measures transmittance
ABS Used to measures absorbance
Data Mode
E(S) Used to measures sample energy
E(R) Used to measures reference energy
Starting wavelength of the wavelength
Start WL(nm) 190.0 to 1100.0 nm scan. Designate longer wavelength
among measurement range
Used to set the wavelength to
Stop WL(nm) 190.0 to 1100.0 nm measure. Enter the shorter
wavelength
ABS :
-99.999 to 9.999 Used to set the upper scale on the
Upper Scale
%T, E(S), E(R) : vertical axis.
-9999.9 to 9999.9
ABS:
-99.999 to 99.999 Used to set the lower scale on the
Lower Scale vertical axis
%T, E(S), E(R) :
-9999.9 to 9999.9
Speed 10, 100,200,400,
Used to set the speed of the
800, 1200.2400, wavelength scan.
(nm/min) 3600
3-44
3.3
<Data Mode>
If you press the|ENTER| key on Fig. 3-3-1, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-3 will appear.
WL Scan —Inm jBjfEElABS
• i Param SetuD ABS

Speed(nm/min) 100
Select Function
fl%T @ABS 1E(S) flE(R)
Fig. 3-3-3
You can choose a data mode from the following four.

1-%T Transmittance
2- ABS Absorbance
3- E(S) Sample energy : (Energy(S))
4- E(R) Reference energy: (Energy(R))
<Start WL(nm)><Stop WL(nm)>

Select the starting and ending wavelengths by using the up- and down-arrow keys in Fig.
3-3-3 and enter the value. The minimum difference between the starting wavelength and
ending wavelength is 10 nm. Enter the longer wavelength for the starting wavelength. Enter
a value and press the [ENTER| key.
<Upper Scale><Lower Scale>

Select the upper and lower scales on the vertical axis of the graph by using up- and
down-arrow keys in Fig. 3-3-3 and enter the value.
The entry range varies with data mode.
Data Mode Entry Range

ABS -99.999 to 99.999
%T, E(S), E(R) -9999.9 to 9999.9
<Speed>
Set a value for the speed after you select the scan speed by using up- and down-arrow
keys in Fig. 3-3-3. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-4 will appear.
3-45
3.3 Wavelength Scan
WL Scan EBEnm •BHIABS
• 1 Param Setup I Data Mode ABS

MSoeedfrim/minl 100
Select Function :_
D10 @ 100 @200 0400
@800 §1200 02400 @3600
Fig. 3-3-4
Enter the number corresponding to the scan speed to use.
The sampling interval varies with measurement range of the wavelength and scan speed.
Whichever the bigger one of the two intervals will be effective.
For example, the sampling interval will be 0.5 nm if the measurement range is between 600
nm and 400 nm is scanned at 400 nm/min.
1) Sampling Interval by Scan Speed
Scan speed (nm/min) Sampling interval (nm)

3600 5.0
2400 5.0
1200 2.0
800 1.0
400 0.5
200 0.2
100 0.1
10 0.1
3-46
3.3
2) Sampling interval by the range of wavelength
Measurement range (nm) Sampling interval (nm)

A>500 1.0
500Â>200 0.5
200Â>100 0.2
100>A 0.1
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-3-1 and press the | ENTER) key, the screen as
WL Scan

2 Print Setup Lamp Change D2 Only
3 System Setup D2 Lamp ON
4 Proc Setup Wl Lamp ON
5 Save Param
Select Function :_
Q Fast | Medium @ Slow
Fig. 3-3-5
3-47
3.3 Wavelength Scan

Fast
Slow
Auto
Wl Only
Wl Lamp
OFF normally set at ON, you can make it remain OFF if
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN.! key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-3-1.

3-48
3.3
When you finish setting up parameters, press the [FOR WARD| key on Fig. 3-3-1 to move
(3) Baseline Correction

If the data mode is %T or ABS, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-6 will appear after the
parameters are set. If the data mode is E(R) or E(S), the screen will move to Fig. 3-3-8.
Wavelength Scan ilililnm •IMtlHtlABS
Baseline Correction
START key: Measure Baseline

Fig. 3-3-6
Set the blank and press the | START I key. If the baseline has already been measured and
the measurement parameters are not changed, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-7 will
appear.
Wavelength Scan flnm

Baseline Correction
START key: Measure Baseline

CLEAR key: Skip Baseline Measurement
Fig. 3-3-7
Select the [START\ key to measure the baseline again, and select the |CLEAR[ key to
use the previous baseline.
3-49
3.3 Wavelength Scan

After the baseline calibration ends, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-8 will appear.
Wavelength Scan im \BS
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
RETURN key: Baseline Correction
Fig. 3-3-8
Set the sample and press the I START| key. The measurement starts. While the
measurement is being performed, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-9 will appear.
Wavelength Scan im
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Scanning
Fig. 3-3-9
3-50
3.3
When the measurement ends, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-10 will appear and the
spectrum will appear.
Wavelength Scan im •MBMMABS
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function or press START key:.

Q Data Proc @ Scale
@ Baseline 0 Print Setup
Fig. 3-3-10
3-51
3.3 Wavelength Scan
Four commands will appear in the command column.

<Data Proc> : Processes the data. If you process the data, proceed to (5).
<Scale> : Changes the scales on vertical and horizontal axes.
<Baseline> : Performs the baseline measurement.
<Print Setup> : Changes the print parameter.
Changing the Scale

If you select [2] on Fig. 3-3-10, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-11 will appear. You can
change the scales on vertical and horizontal axes of the spectrum.
WL Scan/Scale
600.0
X-Min(nm): 400.0
Y-Max(ABS): 1.000
Y-Min(ABS): 0.000
Auto Scale
Input Value :_
X-Max(nm) (400.0 to 600.0)
Fig. 3-3-11
After you changed the scale, press the [RETURNl key. The scale will be changed, and
the spectrum will appear.
3-52
3.3
(5) Data Processing

If you select [T| on Fig. 3-3-10, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-12 will appear.
Wavelength Scan Knm

1.000T
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function:_
Q All Data @ Peak @ Processing
Fig. 3-3-12
You can perform the following kinds of data processing.

1 <AII Data> Shows the list of spectrums of a certain wavelength interval.
2 <Peak> Detects the peak or valley of the spectrum.
3 <Processing> Performs the smoothing or first derivation of the spectrum.
3-53
3.3 Wavelength Scan
Data List: <AII Data>

If you select [T] on Fig. 3-3-12, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-13 will appear.
WL Scan/All Enm
1.0001
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function :_
Q Data List § List Interval (40.0nm)
Fig. 3-3-13
If you select [T| on Fig. 3-3-13, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-14 will appear. The
wavelength and photometry value will appear.
WL Scan/All KEEEnm E lSEEABS

Data List
ID WL(nm) ABS
1 600.0 0.100
2 560.0 0.462
3 520.0 0.104
4 480.0 0.198
5 440.0 1.214
•41: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
flData List S List Interval (40.0nm)
Current print interval
Fig. 3-3-14
If data extends to multiple pages, change the page using the arrow keys.
When you print the list, press the | PRINT] key. If you select in Fig. 3-3-13 or Fig.
3-3-14, you can change the List interval.
NOTE: All data lists will be printed instead of the data list on the screen only.
3-54
3.3
Detecting Peak and Valley : <Peak>

WL Scan/Peak Bnm filiMilABS

1.000
ABS
0.000
A
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function :_
Q Data List @ Detective
(T=0.001 S=1)
Fig. 3-3-15
WL Scan/Peak \BS
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function :_
QPeak gj Valley S Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-3-16
3-55
3.3 Wavelength Scan
Peak Detection
If you select [Tj on Fig. 3-3-16, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-17 will appear.
WL Scan/Peak KEEEnm M BlililABS

Peak
ID WL(nm) ABS
1 597.0 0.100
2 536.0 0.462
3 507.0 0.104
4 484.0 0.198
5 459.5 1.214
A: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
QPeak @ Valley @ Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-3-17
If data extends to multiple pages, change the page using the arrow keys
Press the |PRINT| key to print the list. If the peak cannot be detected, "No Peak" will
appear. If you select \2\ in Fig. 3-3-15, you can change the peak detection parameters.
3-56
3.3
Valley Detection
If you select [2] on Fig. 3-3-16, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-18 will appear.
The valley wavelength and photometry value will appear. If the valley cannot be detected,
"No Valley" will appear. If you select [2] in Fig. 3-3-15, you can change the peak detection
parameters.
WL Scan/Peak EESEnm M ESEABS

Valley
ID WL(nm) ABS
1 567.0 0.132
2 516.0 0.322
3 497.0 0.044
4 484.0 0.156
5 465.5 0.819
•4: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
QPeak S Valley g Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-3-18
Press the [PRINTI key to print the list.

If you select \3\ in Figs. 3-3-16 to 3-3-18, the peak data list and valley data list will appear.
3-57
3.3 Wavelength Scan
Smoothing and Derivation

If you select [3] on Fig. 3-3-12, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-19 will appear.
Wavelength Scan Knm

1.00Q
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Functions
0 Smooth @ Derivative § Reset
Fig. 3-3-19
(a) Smoothing
If you select Q] on Fig. 3-3-19, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-20 will appear. The
screen shows the smoothed spectrum.
WL Scan/Smooth
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Functions
Q Scale
Fig. 3-3-20
Select Q] to change the scale.

Press the |PRINT| key to print the spectrum.
Press the | RETURN] key to keep the smoothed spectrum and move to Fig. 3-3-19.
Select Q] in Fig. 3-3-19 for further smoothing. Select [3] in Fig. 3-3-19 to return to
the original spectrum before smoothing (before data processing).
3-58
3.3
(b) First Derivation

If you select [2] on Fig. 3-3-19, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-3-21 will appear. The
spectrum after the first derivation will appear.
WL Scan/Deriv
1.000
ABS
0.000
400.0 500.0 600.0 nm
Select Function^
E| Scale
Fig. 3-3-21
Select [T] to change the scale.

Press the | PRINT] key to print the spectrum.
Press the | RETURN] key to keep the differentiated spectrum and move to Fig.
3-3-19.
Select [2] in Fig. 3-3-19 for further derivation. Select [3J in Fig. 3-3-19 to return to
the spectrum before the derivation (before the data processing).
3-59
3.3 Wavelength Scan
(6) Print Result

If you press the | PRINT! key on the measurement result screen, the report as shown
below will appear.
Serial No. 3345997
Name
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46
Operator
1.000
A
ABS
0.000
400.0 450.05 500.0 550.0 600.0 nm
Wavelength Scan
Data Mode ABS
Start WL (nm) 600.0
Stop WL (nm) 400.0
Scan Speed(nm/min) 100
Sampling Interval (nm) 0.5
Response Medium
Bandpass(nm) 4.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Fig. 3-3-22
3-60
3.4
3.4 Time Scan
When you select (Time Scan) on the main menu screen, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-1
will appear.
Time Scan EJSEnm •3D31ABS

H i Param Setuo Data Mode ABS
2 Print Setup WL(nm) 490.0
3 System Setup Scan Time(s) 60
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-4-1
[Preparatory Operation!
iPrint Setup]
|Setup of Parameters] (Wavelength, Data Mode, Scan Time)
AUTOZERO
[Measurement)
|Data Processing
3-61
3.4 Time Scan
(1) Print parameter setup

If you select "Print Setup" on Fig. 3-4-1 screen and press the |ENTER| key, the screen
Time Scan KEJEnm KEEEABS
1 Param Setup Auto OFF

• 2 Print Setup Parameters ON
3 System Setup Graph ON
4 Proc Setup Peak ON
5 Save Param Valley OFF
All Data OFF
Interval(s) 10.0
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-4-2
Press the [ENTER| key on this screen to set the print parameters. The following items are
available on the parameter setup screen. Set an item desired to be printed. (You can
change the item after the measurement.)

ON If it is set ON, automatic print will be
Auto
OFF performed after measurement.
ON If it is set ON, the measurement
Parameters
OFF parameters will be printed.
ON If it is set ON, the spectrum will be
Graph
OFF printed
ON If it is set ON, the peak data list will be
Peak
OFF printed.
Valley
OFF printed
All Data
OFF printed
Designates the time interval to print the
photometry value if "All Data" is ON.
However, if a smaller value than the
Interval(s) 0.1 to 100.0
sampling interval of the acquired data is
set, the sampling interval will be adopted
for print.
3-62
3.4
After you finish the setup, press the [RETURN] key, and press the _A_ key once, and
select "Param Setup." The screen will return to Fig. 3-4-1.

Press the [ENTER| key on the measurement parameter setup screen in Fig. 3-4-1 to set
the measurement parameters. The following items are available in the measurement
parameter setup screen.

%T Used to measures transmittance
ABS Used to measures absorbance
Data Mode
E(S) Used to measures sample energy
E(R) Used to measures reference energ
WL(nm) 190.0 to 1100.0 nm Used to set measurement wavelength.
Scan Time 60 to 99999 s Used to set scan time.
(s)
ABS :
-99.999 to 9.999 Used to set the upper scale on the
Upper Scale vertical axis.
%T, E(S), E(R) :
-9999.9 to 9999.9
ABS :
-99.999 to 99.999 Used to set the lower scale on the
Lower Scale vertical axis.
%T, E(S), E(R) :
-9999.9 to 9999.9
<Data Mode>
You can choose a data mode from the following four.
1-%T Transmittance
2-ABS Absorbance
3- E(S) Energy (Sample energy)
4- E(R) Energy (Reference energy)
<WL (nm)>
Sets the measurement wavelength. The entry range is between 190.0-1100.0 nm.
3-63
3.4 Time Scan
<Scan Time>
Sets the scan time. (Minimum entry time is 60 seconds.)
The sampling interval will be set automatically depending on the scan time.
Scan time Setting (s) Sampling Interval (s)

6 0 ^ Scan time Setting (s) < 100 0.1
1 0 0 ^ Scan time Setting (s) < 200 0.2
1000^ Scan time Setting (s) < 2000 2.0
10000^ Scan time Setting (s) ^99999 100.0
<Upper LimitxLower Limit>

Sets the upper and lower scales on the vertical axis of the graph.
The entry range varies with mode.
In the case of ABS : -99.999 to 99.999
In the case of %T, E(S), and E(R) : -9999.9^9999.9
3-64
3.4
If you select "System Setup" in Fig. 3-4-1 and press the | ENTER] key, the screen as
Time Scan K03Gnm MWHMilABS
1 Param Setup
2 Print Setup Lamp Change D2 Only
• 3 Svstem Setup D2 Lamp ON
4 Proc Setup Wl Lamp ON
5 Save Param
Select Function :_
Fig. 3-4-3

Fast
Slow
Auto
Wl Only
OFF
After you finish the setup, press the | RETURN] key. The screen will return to Fig. 3-4-1.
3-65
3.4 Time Scan
(2-2) Saving measurement parameters

When you finish setting up parameters, press the | FOR WARD| key on Fig. 3-4-1 to move
(3) Auto Zero

Set the blank and press the |AUTO ZERO| key to perform the auto zero.
Time Scan
1.0001
ABS
0.000
0.0 30.0 60.0 s
Select Function or press START key:_
Fig. 3-4-4
(4) Measurement
After performing the auto zero, replace the sample and press the | START| key to start the
measurement. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-5 will appear during measurement.
Time Scan finm
1.000T
ABS
0.000.!
30.0 60.0 s
Scanning
Fig. 3-4-5
3-66
3.4
When the measurement ends, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-6 will appear.
Time Scan finm
i.ooq
ABS
0.000
30.0 60.0 s
Select Function or press START key:_
Q DataProc @ Scale | Print Setup
Fig. 3-4-6
Three commands will appear in the command column.

<Data Proc> : Processes the data. If you process the data, proceed to (5).
<Scale> : Changes the scales on vertical and horizontal axes.
<Print Setup> : Changes the print parameter.
Changing the Scale

If you select [2] on Fig. 3-4-6, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-7 will appear. You can
change the scales on vertical and horizontal axes of the spectrum.
Time Scan finm
60.0
X-Min(s): 0.0
Y-Max(ABS): 1.000
Y-Min(ABS): 0.000
Auto Scale
Input Value :_
X-Max(s) (0.0 to 60.0)
Fig. 3-4-7
After you changed the scale, press the [RETURNl key. The scale will be changed, and
the spectrum will appear.
3-67
3.4 Time Scan
(5) Data Processing

If you select |T| on Fig. 3-4-6, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-8 will appear.
Time Scan Bnm BS
1.000
ABS
0.000
30.0 60.0 s
Select Function :_
Q All Data | Peak @ Processing
Fig. 3-4-8
You can perform the following kinds of data processing.

1 <AII Data> Shows the list of spectrums of a certain wavelength interval.
2 <Peak> Detects the peak or valley of the spectrum.
3 <Processing> Performs the smoothing or first derivation of the spectrum.
3-68
3.4
All Data
Time Scan/All wnm

1.000
ABS
0.000
0.0 30.0 60.0 s
Select Function :_
Q Data List @ List Interval (1.0 s)
Fig. 3-4-9
If you select Q] on Fig. 3-4-9, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-10 will appear. The
wavelength and photometry value will appear.
Time Scan/All JBnm •HiMMABS
Data List
ID TIME(s) ABS
1 0.0 0.104
2 1.0 0.104
3 2.0 0.104
4 3.0 0.104
5 4.0 1.104
. <: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :
0Data List I List Interval (1.0 s)
•s
\
Current
list interval
Fig. 3-4-10
If data extends to multiple pages, change the page using the arrow keys.
When you print the list, press the | PRINT) key. If you select \2\ in Fig. 3-4-9 or Fig.
3-4-10, you can change the list interval.
NOTE: All data lists will be printed instead of the data list on the screen only.
3-69
3.4 Time Scan
Detecting Peak and Valley : <Peak>

Time Scan/Peak Mnm

1.000
ABS
0.000
0.0 30.0 60.0:
Select Function :_
Q Data List § Detective
(T=0.001 S=1)
Fig. 3-4-11
Time Scan/Peak
1.000
ABS
0 000 /
0.0 30.0 60.0 s
Select Function :
QPeak g Valley § Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-4-12
3-70
3.4
Peak Detection
The peak time and photometry value will appear.
Time Scan/Peak finm
Peak
ID TIME(s) ABS
1 5.2 0.104
2 50.4 0.097
<: Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :_
flPeak § Valley @Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-4-13
If data extends to multiple pages, change the page using the arrow keys .
Press the | PRINT] key to print the list. If the peak cannot be detected, "No Peak" will
appear. If you select [2] in Fig. 3-4-11, you can change the peak detection parameters.
3-71
3.4 Time Scan
Valley Detection
The valley time and photometry value will appear.
Time Scan/Peak
Valley
ID TIME(s) ABS
1 28.1 0.028
2 60.0 0.034
<. Prev • : Next (1/1)
Select Function :_
QPeak @ Valley g Peak&Valley
Fig. 3-4-14
If data extends to multiple pages, change the page using the arrow keys
Press the | PRINTl key to print the list. If the valley cannot be detected, "No Valley" will
appear. If you select \2\ in Fig. 3-4-11, you can change the peak detection parameters.
3-72
3.4
Smoothing and Derivation

If you select [3J on Fig. 3-4-8, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-15 will appear.
Time Scan finm \BS
1.000
ABS
0.000
0.0 30.0 60.0 s
Select Function:_
Q Smooth @ Derivative § Reset
Fig. 3-4-15
(a) Smoothing
If you select |T| on Fig. 3-4-15, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-16 will appear.
The smoothed spectrum will appear.
Time Scan/Smooth |]nm
1.000
ABS
0.000
0.0 30.0 60.0 s
Select Function :_
Q Scale
Fig. 3-4-16
3-73
3.4 Time Scan
(b) Derivation
If you select \2\ on Fig. 3-4-15, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-4-17 will appear. The
spectrum after the first derivation will appear.
Time Scan/Deriv «nm \BS
i.ooq
ABS
0.000
30.0 60.0 s
Select Function :_
Q Scale
Fig. 3-4-17
3-74
3.4
(6) Print Result

If you press the |PRINT| key on the measurement result screen, the report as shown
below will appear.
Serial No. 3345997

Name
Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46
Operator
1.000
ABS
0.000
0.0 15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 s
Time Scan
Data Mode ABS
WL(nm) 600.0
Scan Time (s) 60.0
Sampling Interval (s) 0.1
Response Medium
Bandpass(nm) 4.0
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Fig. 3-4-18
3-75
3.5 Measurement in Enlarged Display Screen
3.5 Measurement in Enlarged Display Screen
If you select [6] Data Display on the main menu screen, the screen as shown in Fig. 3-5-1
will appear. This mode enlarges the displayed characters for easy reading. It is the
effective mode to confirm the photometry by wavelength.
Data Display 2005/10/20 16:40
Wavelength:
500.0 nm
Data:
0.001 ABS
Select Data Mode:
0%T @ABS @E(S) 0E(R)
Fig. 3-5-1
To change the wavelength, press the [GO TO WL|, enter the wavelength, and press the
I ENTER] key.
The following is the example to measure absorbance or transmittance at wavelength of 500
nm.
1) Press the | GO TO WU and enter 500, and press the |ENTER| key.
The screen will move to that of 500 nm wavelength.
2) Enter the number of the corresponding data mode and press the [ENTER! key to
change the data mode.
3) Set the blank.
4) Press the |AUTOZERO|. (The absorbance of the blank is set at zero. In the case of
transmittance, it is set at 100.)
5) Set the sample.
6) Scan the data displayed on the LCD screen. If the printer is connected, press the
|PRINT| key to print them.
3-76
3.5
Print sample
500.Onm 100.0%T
500.0nm 100.0%T
NOTE: In the case of the print by a printer, only the measurement result is printed without titles
such as the ID Number. If you wish to print the number, use the mode of item 3.2.1.
7) If you measure samples sequentially, repeat the procedure after 5.
3-77
3.6 Instrument Setup
If you select [5] Instrument Setup on the main menu screen, the screen as shown in Fig.
3-6-1 will appear.
Instrument Setup Hnm
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-1
Item Details
Detects D2 lamp's emission line of 656.1 nm and
WL Calibration
performs the wavelength automatically.
0%T Performs 0%T.
Lamp Time Sets lighting of the lamp, displays and resets the used
time.
GLP/GMP(Auto) Confirms all items on performance of the equipment

including the accuracy of wavelength.
Confirms items on performance of the equipment one by
GLP/GMP(Manual)
one.
Printer Setup Sets the printer.
Time Setup Sets the clock.
3-78
3.6.1
3.6.1 Wavelength Calibration
Press the |ENTER| key in Fig. 3-6-1. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-6-2 will appear.
Instrument Setup finm
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Press START or RETURN key:

START key:Execute RETURN key:Cancel
Fig. 3-6-2
After confirming that nothing is set in the cell holder, close the lid of the sample room. Press the
START key to start the wavelength calibration. Detects D2 lamp's emission lines of 656.1 nm
and perform the wavelength calibration. The STOP key does not work while calibration is being
performed.
Instrument Setup
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Executing WL Calibration...
Fig. 3-6-3
NOTE: If an error appears, the screen will return to the system menu. Perform this function
again. If it ends without problem, the screen will return to Fig. 3-6-2. Press the RETURN
key if you select another item.
3-79
3.6.2 0%T
NOTICE: How to use 0%T (Zero Calibration)

In the normal measurement, you do not need 0%T
calibration frequently as long as you perform it once when
the equipment is in stable condition (Two hours after the
power is turned on). However, it is advisable to do it every
time you measure a sample of high concentration or you
need high precision.
Perform this function when more than two hours have passed since power was turned on. Select
the "0%T" on the equipment setup screen on Fig. 3-6-1. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-6-4 will
appear.
Instrument Setup Bnm
U/VLCalibration
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-4
Press the )ENTER| key. The confirmation screen as shown below will appear.
Instrument Setup
IWLCalibration
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Press START or RETURN key:

START key:Execute RETURN key:Cancel
Fig. 3-6-5
3-80
3.6.2
Press the | START] key to start the 0%T. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-6-6 will appear while it
is being performed.
Instrument Setup im MMMihlABS
1 WL Calibration
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Executing...
Fig. 3-6-6
If the calibration ends, the screen will return to Fig. 3-6-5. Press the | RETURN] key to select
another item.
3-81
3.6.3 <Lamp Time> Display and Reset the Lighting Time of Lamp
If you select the "Lamp Time" on the equipment setup screen in Fig. 3-6-1, the screen as shown
in Fig. 3-6-7 will appear.
Instrument Setup hm \BS
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-7
Next, press the [ENTER] key. The following screen will appear. The date when the lamp was
replaced and the used time of the lamp will appear.
Lamp Time Hnm \BS
Lamp exchange:
D2 Lamp Usage(h) 33
Exchange day 10/09/2003
Wl Lamp Usage(h) 23
Select Function :_
Q D2 Lamp | Wl Lamp
Fig. 3-6-8
Press the | RETURN] key to return to Fig. 3-6-7.
3-82
3.6.3
If you select Q] or {2}, used hours of the lamp is reset. Reset the time when the lamp is
replaced. The following explanation is the operation case that the D2 lamp is replaced.
Q] on Fig. 3-6-8 and press the [ENTER] key. The confirmation message as shown below will
appear.
Lamp Time
Lamp exchange:
D2 Lamp Usage(h) 33
Wl Lamp Usage(h) 23
Reset the use time of D2 Lamp?
Fig. 3-6-9
T ] If you select Yes, the used hours of D2 lamp is reset to zero.

^2\ If you select No, the screen returns to Fig. 3-6-8 without resetting the used hours. (The
equipment gives the same operation if you press the | RETURN] key.)
3-83
3.6.4 Validation Function of <GLP/GMP(Auto)> and <GLP/GMP(Manual)>
This function confirms the performance of the equipment. Parameters for measurement and
judgment are already programmed. The following two measurement methods are available.
GLP/GMP <AUTO> : Function to confirm all items without interruption.
GLP/GMP <MANUAL>: Function to select and confirm each item.
The items set here are those to be measured with nothing being placed in the cell holder.
Confirm there is nothing in the sample room to perform the measurement.
Measurement parameters are as follows:
Item Measurement Parameter Judgment

Standard
WL Accuracy Wavelength scan mode, Range of wavelength:(660-650 nm)
(656.1) +/-0.5 nm
Speed: 100 nm/min, E(R)Mode
Wavelength scan mode, Range of wavelength:(490.0 to
WL Accuracy 480.Onm) +/-0.5 nm
(486.0)
Speed:100 nm/min, E(R) Mode
Wavelength scan mode, Range of wavelength:(660 to
WL Repeatability 650nm) +/-0.3 nm
Speed: 100 nm/min, E(R) Mode
Wavelength scan mode, Range of wavelength:(660 to
Bandpass 650nm) 3.5-4.5 nm
Speed:100 nm/min, E(R) Mode
Noise Level Time change, Wavelength:500.0 nm, Measurement +/-0.00015ABS
time:300 seconds, ABSMode
Wavelength scan, Range of wavelength:950.0-200.0 nm,
Baseline Flatness +/-0.002ABS
Wavelength scan speed:400 nm/min, ABS mode
Baseline Stability Time change, Wavelength:500.0 nm, Measurement time: 0.0004ABS
3600 seconds, ABS Mode
3-84
3.6.4
3.6.4.1 <GLP/GMP(Auto)>
If you select the "GLP/GMP(Auto)" on the instrument setup screen in Fig. 3-6-1, the screen as
Instrument Setup finm
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-10
Next, press the |ENTER| key. The following screen will appear. Press the | START] key to
perform the automatic measurement.
GLP/GMP(Auto)
WLAccuracy(656.1)
WL Accuracy(486.0)
WL Repeatability
Bandpass
Noise Level
Baseline Flatness
Baseline Stability
Hardware
Press START or RETURN key :

START key: Execute RETURN key: Cancel
Fig. 3-6-11
3-85
If you press the [ START| key, the screen as shown below will appear.
GLP/GMP(Auto) im BS
WLAccuracy(656.1)
WL Accuracy(486.0)
WL Repeatability
Bandpass
Noise Level
Baseline Flatness
Baseline Stability
Hardware
Print result automatically? _

1)Yes 2)No RETURN key: Cancel
Fig. 3-6-12
pi] If you select Yes, the automatic measurement will be performed. Result will be printed when
each item is measured.
[2] If you select No, the automatic measurement will be performed but automatic print is not
performed. Result will be displayed without automatic print.
When you press the [ RETURN] key, the screen will return to Fig. 3-6-10.
If the automatic measurement starts, screen shown below will appear.
NOTE: When the measurement starts, the measurement result is cleared.
GLP/GMP(Auto) im \BS
WL Accuracy(656 1)
WL Accuracy(486.0)
WL Repeatability
Bandpass Item under current execution is
Noise Level
highlighted
Baseline Flatness
Baseline Stability
Hardware
Executing...
Fig. 3-6-13
3-86
3.6.4
Press the |STOP[ key to stop the automatic measurement. Result of the active item is not
displayed. If you select the GLP/GMP (Manual), you can select the item and measure it. (Result
of GLP/GMP (Automatic) will be kept.)
The following screen will appear when the automatic measurement ends.
GLP/GMP(Auto) •aaiMlnm •WIIJI1ABS
WLAccuracy(656.1) O.Onm OK
WL Accuracy(486.0) O.Onm OK
WL Repeatability +/-0.05nm OK
Bandpass 3.8nm OK
Noise Level +/-0.00000ABS OK
Baseline Flatness +/-0.00020ABS OK
Baseline Stability 0.0001 OABS OK
Hardware OK

Fig. 3-6-14
You can print the summary report of the automatic measurement by "Summary Report" on the
GLP/GMP (Manual).
3-87
3.6.4.2 <GLP/GMP(Manual)>
If you select the GLP/GMP (Manual) on the equipment setup screen in Fig. 3-6-1, the screen as
Instrument Setup Hnm
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
ElBEBffilJllill
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-15
Next, press the | ENTER) key. The following screen will appear. Select the item to measure
using the up- and down-arrow keys, and press the | START] key to start the measurements.
GLP/GMP(Manual) Knm
WL Accuracy(656.1)
WL Accuracy(486.0)
WL Repeatability
Bandpass
Noise Level
Baseline Flatness
Baseline Stability
Hardware
Summary Report

Fig. 3-6-16
3-88
3.6.4
<WL Accuracy (656.1nm)>

Used to scan between 660.0 nm and 650.0 nm and search the peak. OK will be displayed if the
result is 656.1 ±0.5 nm.
If the peak cannot be found, half width is displayed as ** nm, and judgment will be displayed as
NG.
<WL Accuracy (486.0nm)>

Used to scan between 490.0 nm and 480.0 nm and search the peak. OK will be displayed if the
result is 486.0±0.5 nm.
NG.
<WL Reproducibility>
First a WL range from 660.0 to 650.0 nm is measured, then wavelength is shifted to 190 nm, and
range from 660.0 to 650.0 nm is measured again. At the third time wavelength is shifted to
1100 nm and the range from 660.0 to 650.0 nm is measured again.
The difference between maximum and minimum values for the three measurements is then
determined. If one half of the difference is within 0.3 nm, OK will be indicated.
<Bandpass>
WL range from 660.0 to 650.0 nm is measured the same as for WL accuracy.
The wavelength width (half-value width) at one half of the height versus maximum peak height
(A) of the obtained spectrum is then determined.
Wavelength
Half-value width
(Bandpass)
Fig. 3-6-17
OK will be displayed if result is between 3.5 nm and 4.5 nm.

NG.
3-89
<Noise Level>
Perform the auto zero processing, and then measure the time-dependence of the absorbance
fluctuation for 300 seconds at 500nm of wavelength.
Calculate the half value of the difference {AI2) between the maximum and the minimum in the
measured absorbance.
WhenZl/2 falls within ±0.00015Abs (i.e., -0.00015^Zl/2^0.00015), "OK" is indicated.
<Baseline Flatness>
Perform the wavelength scanning measurement from 950.Onm to 200.Onm of wavelengths.
Obtain the baseline, and then conduct the measurement.
Divide 750 items of data, excluding the beginning data, into 150 blocks each having wavelength
spread of 5nm (i.e., 1 block = 5nm wide). Then, expressing a given block as "block i", find the
maximum a(i) and the minimum b(i) within this given block i; and then calculate a value given by
(a(i) - b(i))/2 + b(i).Let this calculation be c(i), which defines the flatness c(i) of the block i for the
wavelength spread of 5nm.
Calculate the flatness c(i) for all the data (150 groups). Find the maximum c(i): A, and the
minimum c(i): B from among c(i) calculated as above. The baseline flatness {AI2) is then defined
as the value given by (A-B)/2.
When the baseline flatness (AI2) falls within ±0.002Abs (i.e., -0.002^^1/2^0.002), ±Al2 (see
Note) and "OK" are indicated.
<Baseline Stability>
Measure the time-dependence of the absorbance fluctuation for 300 seconds at 500nm of
wavelength, and then apply one time the smoothing processing.
Calculate the difference between the maximum and the minimum of the absorbance after the
smoothing.
When this value falls within 0.0004Abs, "OK" is indicated.
3-90
3.6.4
When measurement of all the items ends, results and OK or NG will appear as shown
in Fig. 3-6-18.
GLP/GMP(Manual) finm
WLAccuracy(656.1) O.Onm OK
WL Accuracy(486.0)
WL Repeatability
Bandpass
Noise Level
Baseline Flatness
Baseline Stability
Hardware
Summary Report
Select Function :_
Q Print RETURN key: Cancel
Fig. 3-6-18
When measurement of each item ends, the selection column to ask whether to print
the result will appear in the command setup column.
If you select Q], the result will be printed. Printed sample is as shown in Fig. 3-6-20.
If you press the | RETURN] key, you will finish the item without printing it.
The screen as shown in Fig. 3-8-12 will appear only for the items of "Hardware".
Enter [T) to print the result.
GLP/GMP(Manual) KEEElnrn 1 MMIMABS
Hardware
RAM OK
ROM OK
Wavelength Driver OK
D2 Lamp OK
Wl Lamp OK
D2 Lamp Usage(h) 23
Wl Lamp Usage (h) 33
Select Function :_
Q Print RETURN key: Cancel
Fig. 3-6-19
Lastly, select the "Summary Report" and [T] (Print)to print the list of the result. Spectrum will not
be printed in this print. Fig. 3-6-21 shows the print sample.
3-91
Serial No. 3345997

Report Date 2006/10/23 13:46
Operator
400
E(R)
/ \
/
/
650.0 652.5 655.0 657.5 660.0 nm
GLP/GMP
WL Accuracy (656.1nm) +/- 0.5 nm OK
Wavelength Scan
Data Mode E(R)
Start WL (nm) 660.0
Stop WL (nm) 650.0
Scan Speed(nm/min) 100
Sampling Interval (nm) 0.1
Response Fast
Bandpass(nm) 4.0
Lamp Change Mode D2 Lamp Only
D2 Lamp ON
Wl Lamp ON
Path Length(mm)
Fig. 3-6-20 Print Sample (by item: Accuracy of Wavelength)
3-92
3.6.4
Serial No. 3345997

Report Date 2003/10/23 13:46
Operator
GLP/GMP
WL Accuracy (656.1nm) +/- 0.5 nm -0.2 nm OK
WL Accuracy (486.Onm) +/- 0.5 nm 0.0 nm OK
WL Repeatability +/- 0.3 nm +/- 0.1 nm OK
Bandpass 3.5-4.5 nm 3.8 nm OK
Noise Level +/-0.00015ABS +/- 0.00000ABS OK
Baseline Flatness +/- 0.002ABS +/-0.00010ABS OK
Baseline Stability 0.0004ABS 0.00020ABS OK
Hardware
RAM OK
ROM OK
Wavelength Driver OK
D2 Lamp OK
Wl Lamp OK
D2 Lamp Usage (h) 24
Wl Lamp Usage (h) 33
Fig. 3-6-21 Print Sample (Report)
3-93
3.6.5 Printer Setup
If you select the "Printer Setup" on the instrument setup screen in Fig. 3-6-1, the screen as
Instrument Setup rim \BS
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-22
Next, press the |ENTER| key. The following screen will appear. Set the printer type.
Printer Setup
flnm
Printer Type ESC/P (Cut)
Select Function :_
0DPU @PCL3
S ESC/P(Cut) S ESC/P(Continuous)
Fig. 3-6-23
3-94
3.6.6
Printer Type Detail

DPU Selected if the equipment is cdnnected to the printer exclusive for
U-1900 (available separately, Part No. HIS-3250)
PCL3 Selected if the equipment is connected to a printer supporting PCL/3
command.
ESC/P (Cut) Selected if the equipment is connected to a printer supporting the
ESC/P V2 command.
Selected if cut sheet is used.
ESC/P (Continuous) Selected if the equipment is connected to a printer supporting the
ESC/P V2 command.
Selected if continuous forms are used.
Please contact the nearest branch office to ask further questions.
3.6.6 <Time Setup>
If you select the "Time Setup" on the instrument setup screen in Fig. 3-6-1, the screen as shown
in Fig. 3-6-24 will appear.
Instrument Setup Bnm
1 WL Calibration
2 0%T
3 Lamp Time
4 GLP/GMP(Auto)
5 GLP/GMP(Manual)
6 Printer Setup
7 Time Setup
Select Function :
Fig. 3-6-24
3-95
Next, press the |ENTER| key. The following screen will appear. Set the printer type. You can
set time, the time of printing the report, and the format of time display by selecting the item using
the up- or down-arrow key.
Time Setup | ESEnm KEBABS

mum 33
Hour 13
Day 01
Month 10
Year 2006
Print Time ON
Display Format D/M/Y
Input Value :_
Minute (0 to 59)
Fig. 3-6-25

Minute 0to59 Used to set the minute.
Hour 0to23 Used to set the time. The display is on a 24-hour basis.
Day 1 to 31 Used to set the date.
Month 1 to 12 Used to set the month.
Year 2000 to 2099 Used to set the year.
Used to set ON/OFF. The printer operates whether it is set ON or
Display Time ON/OFF OFF.
Used to designate the time display sequence among the
1)Y/M/D following three.
Display Format 2) M/D/Y (1) Y/M/D: Display in the order of year, month, and date.
3) D/M/Y (2)M/D/Y : Display in the order of month, date, and year.
(3)D/M/Y : Display in the order of date, month, and year.
NOTE: This clock allows adjustment only to minute, and does not allow adjustment to second.
Accuracy is within about ±1 min. a month.
3-96
3.7
3.7 Saving Measurement Parameters
The parameters that you set remain even if the equipment is turned off, and the remaining set
parameters will be set as measurement parameters when the equipment is turned on again. If
you save these measurement parameters as a file, the following procedure needs to be
performed. Press [6] Save Param [ENTER| in Fig. 3-2-1, or press [E\ Save Param Enter in
Fig. 3-3-1 or Fig. 3-4-1. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-7-1 will appear.
Save Param •iMHiItlABS
1 PHT 2005/11/05 15:30

2 WLS 2005/11/05 13:44
3 TMS 2005/11/05 9:21
4 WLS 2005/11/05 19:32
\
Parameter Mode Date and time of last save
Input Value :_
File No. (1 to 5)
Fig. 3-7-1
The parameters that you saved in the Save Method of the quantity measurement parameter,
wavelength scan measurement parameter, and time scan measurement parameter setup
screens can be displayed up to five. The measurement mode of saved parameter will be
displayed next to the file number.
Symbol Parameter Mode

WLS Wavelength Scan
TMS Time Scan
PHT Photometry
You can save the measurement parameters either by selecting the file by using the up- or
down-arrow key and press the |ENTER| key, or pressing the | ENTER! key after entering the
file number. If the file you designate the number is already saved, the following message will
appear.
No. 1 already exists. Overwrite?_
j|Yes @No
|T|| ENTER]: Overwrites and saves.
[2]! ENTER): DO not save (The same is true when the | RETURN] key is pressed.)
3-97
3.8 Loading the Measurement Parameter File
On this screen, the 1 FORWARD] key is not acceptable. Return to the parameter setup screen
by pressing the | RETURN| key in Fig.3-7-1, and press the | FORWARD] key. The screen will
move to the measurement screen.
3.8 Loading the Measurement Parameter File
Select [4] Load Method on the main menu screen. The screen as shown in Fig. 3-8-1 will
appear.
Load Method im
1 PHT 2005/11/0515:30
2 WLS 2005/11/0513:44
3 TMS 2005/11/05 9:21
4 WLS 2005/11/0519:32
5
\
Parameter Mode Date and time of last save
Input Value :_
File No. (1 to 5)
Fig. 3-8-1
The parameters that you saved in the Save Method of the quantity measurement parameter,
wavelength scan measurement parameter, and time scan measurement parameter setup
screens can be displayed up to five. The measurement mode of saved parameter will be
displayed next to the file number.
Symbol Parameter Mode

WLS Wavelength Scan
TMS Time Scan
PHT Photometry
You can save the measurement parameters either by selecting the file by using the up- or
down-arrow key and press the | ENTER! key, or pressing the |ENTER| key after entering the
file number.
After loading the measurement parameters, set the measurement parameters and move to the
corresponding measurement screen.
3-98
3.9
3.9 List of Error Messages
The following messages will appear. Please refer the measure to fix the trouble.
Message Cause Measure

Printer is not connected. Confirm the connection.
Printer not ready Printer is not online. Set the printer online.
Paper is not set. Set paper.
0 cannot be inputted into Both K1 are set 0. Set the value other than 0 to K1.
K1.
The interval between the start Set the start or stop wavelengths
Check the start WL and and stop wavelengths is not to make the interval more than 10
stop WL. more than 10 nm. nm.
The upper limit is set at less Set as the upper limit become
Check the Upper Scale than the lower limit on the more than lower limit on the
and Lower Scale. vertical axis. vertical axis.
Wavelength was not calibrated Recalibrate after confirming that no
WL Calibration Error correctly. sample exists in the sample room.
The number of samples
Number of samples After printing or saving the result,
reaches the upper limit of 250
reached 250. restart measurement.
in the quantity measurement.
Set the maximum or minimum
The maximum value is lower
than minimum value on the X value in order to maximum value
Check X-Max and X-Min
axis. become more than the minimum
value on the X axis.
Set the maximum or minimum
The maximum value is lower value in order to maximum value
Check Y-Max and Y-Min than minimum value on the Y
axis. become more than the minimum
value on the Y axis.
Cannot calculate because data Conduct data processing after
Cannot calculate are not enough in number. measuring data.
D2 Lamp Error D2 lamp bulb has burnt out. Replace the lamp bulb.
The tungsten lamp bulb has
Wl Lamp Error Replace the lamp bulb.
burnt out.
The difference between the Set as the difference between the
Min Graph X-Scale Range maximum value and minimum maximum and minimum values on
is 10 value on the X axis is less than the X axis become equal to or
10. more than 10.
Execute the program after
Peak not found Peak cannot be found. changing the peak search
parameter.
Execute the program after
Valley not found Valley cannot be found. changing the peak search
parameter.
Inadequate STD Cone Same concentration is set. Change the concentration of STD.
Value
3-99
4.1.1
4. MAINTENANCE
4.1 Maintenance and Checkup
4.1.1 Purpose of Maintenance
This spectrophotometer has been constructed precisely with extreme care to provide superlative
accuracy in analytical operation. For ensuring the high accuracy of this spectrophotometer, it is
required to carry out its maintenance properly.
4.1.2 Cleaning of Sample Compartment
If a sample spills inside the sample compartment, remove and clean its base immediately (see
Fig. 4-1).
Guide pin
Remove the setscrews.
Fig. 4-1 Removal of Sample Compartment Base
4-1
4.1 Maintenance and Checkup
(1) Remove the lid of the sample compartment.
(2) Remove the setscrews on the sample compartment base. Then, take out the sample
compartment base.
g| ' rf
Fig. 4-2
(3) Clean the sample compartment base thus removed, and the inside of the sample
compartment.
(4) After cleaning, mount the sample compartment base along the guide pins.
4.1.3 Cleaning of Spectrophotometer Cover
Avoid placing such items as samples on the top of the spectrophotometer to prevent possible
deterioration of its optical performance.
If a sample spills on the instrument, be sure to clean it using a soft cloth moistened with water or
non-stimulating detergent as soon as possible. After cleaning, let it dry up. Take particular
care not to spill a sample over the keypad.
4.1.4 Cleaning and Storage of Cell
After measurement, wash each cell with distilled water adequately. Swish water off the inside of
the cell, and then wipe the cell with a soft cloth or gauze thoroughly.
For storing the cell, use a desiccator. Alternatively, immerse the cell into a beaker of distilled
water, put a lid on the beaker, and store it in a clean place.
If the transmission face of the cell is contaminated, clean it using a soft cloth moistened with a
1:1 mixture of alcohol and ether.
4.1.5 Lubrication
This spectrophotometer is provided with movable internal parts that have been lubricated at the
factory before shipment. If an abnormality is suspected in the internal mechanisms of the
instrument, notify your local service office authorized by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
4-2
4.1.6
4.1.6 Cleaning of Transmission Window Plate of Sample Compartment
If the transmission window plate of the sample compartment is contaminated, remove and clean
it in the following manner.
(1) Wash your hands thoroughly.
(2) Detach the black window collar with tweezers or the like.
(3) Remove the window plate.
(4) Clean the window plate using a soft cloth moistened with a 1:1 mixture of alcohol and
ether.
NOTICE: When attaching the transparent window sheet, take care

not to leave your fingerprints on it.
Cellophane adhesive tape

Black window collar
(Pull out with tweezers or the like.)
Optical axis
Window opening Spring

Transparent window sheet
Fig. 4-3 How to Disassemble the Transmission Window Plate of Sample Compartment
4-3
4.2 0%T Measurement
4.2 0%T Measurement
Following is the measurement flow in 0%T measurement.
1 Power ON
1
Initializing
2
I
0%T Measurement*
3 Parameter Setting
4 Auto zero(Photometry, Time scan) or User Baseline(WL scan, Multi WL scan)

measurement (Blank Measurement)
5 Un nown Sample Measurement
6 Print Out or Data Save
7 Power OFF (End)
* 0%T Measurement
This calibration should be done once the unit becomes stable after the power has been switched
on (typically about 2 hours after the power is switched on), or each time prior to sample
measurement (as per the measurement flow above).
The procedure for calibration is as follows.
® MAIL
1) Press I •"» I key.
2) Press v_^ (Instrument setup) key.
3) Press ^ ^ (0%T) key

4) A message asking "Are you sure to execute?" will appear on screen.
RETURN
(Press key if you want to cancel).
5) Check that the sample compartment is closed.
ENTER
6) Press key; calibration will be complete when the message "Executing ..."
disappears from the screen.
4-4
4.3.1
4.3 Performance Check
After turning power on, leave the spectrophotometer for at least 30 minutes until it warms up.
Note that a baseline stability check should be made at least two hours after power is turned on.
The following presents the procedures for respective performance check items.
4.3.1 Wavelength Accuracy
[ Outline ]
Measure bright lines from the D2 lamp, determine a wavelength indicating a maximum intensity,
and check a deviation of a wavelength indication value from a specific wavelength.
[ Procedure ]
(1) Set up the following conditions.
a) Main Menu
• Measurement mode WL scan
b) Param Setup
• Data mode E(R)
• Start WL(nm) 660
• StopWL(nm) 650
• Upper Scale 100
• Lower Scale 0
• Speed (nm/min) 100
(2) After setting up the above conditions, press the | FORWARD! key (Parameter Setup).
The measurement screen will then appear on the display monitor.
(3) Make sure that no sample is placed in the sample compartment. Then, press the
I START I key. (Measurement is started.)
(4) On completion of the measurement, press | PRINT| key. If necessary, print out the
spectrum after adjusting the scale.
(5) Read a peak wavelength.
(6) Change the start and stop wavelengths to 490 nm and 480 nm, respectively.
Then, conduct measurement in the same manner.
4-5
(8) Check that the peak wavelengths thus attained are within the allowable range.
t
0
c
til
Wavelength
Peak wavelength
4.3.2 Wavelength Setting Repeatability
[ Outline ]
Measure the same bright line from the D2 lamp repeatedly, and determine variations in
wavelength readings.
[ Procedure ]
a) Main Menu
b) Param Setup
• Data mode E(R)
• StopWL(nm) 650
• Upper Scale 100
• Lower Scale 0
I START| key. (Measurement is started.)
(4) On completion of the measurement, press [PRINT] key. If necessary, print out the
(6) In the second measurement, shift the wavelength to 1100 nm using the [Go TO WL| key.
Then, repeat steps (3) to (5).
4-6
4.3.3
(7) In the third measurement, shift the wavelength to 190 nm using the |GoTO WLi key.
Then, repeat steps (3) to (5).
(8) Determine the difference between maximum and minimum values in the results of the three
measurements. Check that 1/2 of the difference thus determined is within the allowable
range.
4.3.3 Bandpass
[ Outline ]
The spectral width of monochromatic light emitted from the exit slit of the monochromator is
determined by the wavelength bandpass.
[ Procedure ]
a) Main Menu
b) Param Setup
• Data mode E(R)
• StopWL(nm) 650
• Upper Scale 100
• Lower Scale 0
(2) After setting up the above conditions, press the [FORWARD] key (Parameter Setup).
(3) Make sure that no sample is placed in the sample compartment. Then, press the [STARTJ
key. (Measurement is started.)
(4) On completion of the measurement, press |PRINT| key. If necessary, print out the
4-7
(5) Determine a bandpass width at 1/2 of the maximum peak height of the spectrum attained.
Wavelength
Wavelength width (Bandpass)
4.3.4 Noise Level
[ Outline ]
With no sample in the sample compartment, determine a variation range of absorbance values
measured in a short time under constant measurement conditions.
[ Procedure ]
a) Main Menu
• Measurement mode Time scan
b) Param Setup
• Data mode ABS
• WL(nm) 500
• Upper Scale 0.001
• Lower Scale -0.001
• Scan Time (s) 300
(2) After setting up the above conditions, press the | FORWARD] key (Parameter Setup).
ÛTOZEROl key.
(4) Press the (STARJJ key. (Measurement is started.)
(5) On completion of the measurement, press |PRINT| key. If necessary, print out the
4-8
4.3.5
(6) Determine the difference between maximum and minimum photometric values
(peak-to-peak value).
Peak to Peak
300 s
4.3.5 Baseline Stability
[ Outline ]
With no sample in the sample compartment, determine a variation range of absorbance values
measured in the vicinity of absorbance zero under constant measurement conditions.
Excluding peaks due to one-time noises, determine the difference between maximum and
minimum absorbance values.
[ Procedure ]
(1) Before proceeding to this measurement, wait for at least two hours after power-on.
a) Main Menu
• Measurement mode Time scan
b) Param Setup
• Data mode ABS
• WL(nm) 500
• Scan Time (s) 3600
lAUTOZERO] key.
(5) Press the | START| key. (Measurement is started.)
4-9
(6) On completion of the measurement, press | PRINT] key. If necessary, print out the
(7) Draw a line across the center of the noise region as shown below, and determine the
difference "D" between maximum and minimum values.
3600 s
4.3.6 Baseline Flatness
[ Outline ]
With no sample in the sample compartment, determine a systematic variation range* of
absorbance values measured in a specified wavelength region.
* The systematic variation range represents a range of variations having reproducibiiity, not
including noises and the like.
[ Procedure ]
a) Main Menu
• Measurement mode WLsc
b) Param Setup
• Data mode ABS
• Stop WL (nm) 200
(2) On the condition setup screen, select | FORWARD! key (User 1) for [User Baseline].
(User-baseline determination is started.)
(3) On completion of the baseline determination, press [START] key (Parameter Setup).
(4) Press the ]START| key. (Measurement is started.)
4-10
4.3.6
(5) On completion of the measurement, if necessary, print out the spectrum after adjusting the
scale. Draw a line along the center levels of noises as shown below, and determine the
difference between maximum and minimum values.
Then, determine a distance from the midpoint level.
Flatness
200 to 950 nm
4-11
4.4 Troubleshooting
4.4 Troubleshooting
On occurrence of an abnormality, take a proper countermeasure referring to Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Troubleshooting Table
Symptom Possible Cause Remedy

Nothing displayed (1) The power cord is Connect the power cord securely.
when the power switch disconnected.
is turned on.
(2) The fuse has blown. Replace the fuse with a new one.
Turn the power switch off and then on.
If this symptom cannot be removed,
notify qualified service personnel.
Light source lamp not lit (1) The light source lamp has Replace the light source lamp with a
when the power switch burned out. new one.
is turned on
(2) The setting is off. Check the setting.
Significant variations in (1) The lamp has deteriorated. Replace the lamp with a new one.
data indication
(2) The lamp is contaminated Remove contamination and dew.
with fingerprints.
(3) The cell or the window plate Remove contamination and dew.
is contaminated or clouded
with dew.
NG in RAM check at RAM broken Notify qualified service personnel.
initialization
NG in ROM check at ROM broken Notify qualified service personnel.
initialization
NG in wavelength drive The wavelength drive system is Notify qualified service personnel.
check at initialization faulty.
NG in lamp turn-on The lamp has burned out. Replace the lamp with a new one.
check at initialization
NG in 656.1nm check No peak wavelength has been Make sure that no sample is placed in
at initialization detected. the sample compartment, and then
restart the instrument.
Notify qualified service personnel.
If the instrument does not work normally even after a countermeasure is taken according to the
above troubleshooting table, contact your local sales representative or service office of Hitachi
High-Technologies Corporation.
WARNING
If you touch the internal electric parts of the instrument, you may
receive an electric shock. To prevent this, refer inspection of the
internal parts to qualified service personnel.
4-12
5.1
5. REPLACEMENT OF PARTS
5.1 General
This spectrophotometer is provided with consumable parts. To minimize an unintentional stop

time of the instrument, it is recommended to keep spares at hand as required.
5.2 Consumable and Spare Parts
Shown below are the consumable parts to be prepared as spares. For purchase of these parts,
contact your local sales representative or service office of Hitachi High-Technologies
Corporation.
• Wl lamp Part No. 885-1200

• D 2 lamp Part No. 2J1-1500
• Main fuse (3.15 A) Part No. J821336
• Guaranteed service life of Wl lamp and D2 lamp
Guaranteed Hours of
Guaranteed Period Part No.
Operation
Wl lamp 1000 hr 6 months after purchased by the user 885-1200
D2 lamp 350 hr 6 months after purchased by the user 2J1-1500
5-1
5.3 Replacement of Light Source Lamp
5.3.1 Light Source Lamp Replacement Procedure
WARNING
CAUTIONS in replacement of light source lamp
• If you come into contact with the D2 lamp power supply (500 V),
you may incur fatal or serious injury due to an electric shock.
Before proceeding to lamp replacement, make sure that the
power switch of the photometer is turned off and then unplug the
power cord.
• If you touch hot parts of the D2 lamp or Wl lamp, you may get
burnt. After turning the power switch off, wait for at least ten
minutes until the lamp becomes sufficiently cool.
• When mounting a new lamp, wear clean gloves so that your
fingerprints will not be left on the surface of its bulb.
When handing a new D2 lamp, use particular care not to leave
your fingerprints on its protruded part.
• When you check the lighting of the lamp after its replacement, do
not look into the lamp with the unprotected eye at a near position.
After mounting the light source cover, check the lighting of the
lamp from a distant position.
5-2
5.3.1
For lamp replacement, take the following procedure.
(1) Turn the power switch off, and unplug the power cord. Then, wait for about 30 minutes
until the lamp part becomes sufficiently cool.
Loosen the setscrew P on the side face of the light source cover, and remove the light
source cover.
Light source cover
0* Setscrew P
Fig. 5-1 Light Source Cover
When the cover is removed, the lamps appear as shown in Fig. 5-2.
D2 lamp
Wl lamp
Fig. 5-2
5-3
(2) How to Replace the Wl Lamp
Loosen the retaining spring, and remove the Wl lamp. When mounting a new Wl lamp,
push it securely so that its root part will be seated properly.
Wl lamp
Fig. 5-3 Wl Lamp Replacement
NOTICE: Pull straight to pull out Wl lamp because pulling it in an

oblique direction may make it hard to pull it out.
(3) How to Replace the D2 Lamp
(a) Detach the connector.
D2 lamp
Connector
Fig. 5-4 D2 Lamp Replacement
5-4
5.3.2
(b) Holding the metallic part of the D2 lamp, turn it counterclockwise. The D2 lamp can
thus be removed.
Fig. 5-5 D2 Lamp Replacement
(c) Mount a new D2 lamp in the reverse order of removal.
(4) Mount the light source cover.
5.3.2 Lamp Turn-On Time Resetting
After lamp replacement, clear the lamp turn-on time indication to zero. For details, refer to Item
3.6.2 in Chapter 3.
5.3.3 Lamp Adjustment
WARNING
CAUTION in replacement of light source lamp
No adjustment of the light source position is required in common
practice. If it becomes necessary to adjust the light source position,
carry out the adjustment while observing the cautionary instructions
given below.
1. The Wl lamp and D2 lamp become extremely hot when they are
turned on. Be careful not to touch them.
2. The D2 lamp emits intense ultraviolet rays.
Wear ultraviolet-blocking glasses at the time of lamp check.
5-5
(1) Adjustment of Wl Lamp Position
(a) Turn off the D2 lamp.

Press I MAIN MENU], the Choose Q] (Photometry) and choose stem Setup).
Then the screen, as shown below, appears on the display.
Photometry Bnm
1 Param Setup Response Medium

2 Curve Setup Lamp Change Auto
3 Curve Data ON
5 System Setup
6 Save Param
Select Function:_
QON @OFF
Fig. 5-6
Choose |T| D2 lamp and choose \2] OFF. Press | FORWARD!; then D2 lamp light
off out.
5-6
5.3.3
(b) Press the 1 GO TO will key, and set up a wavelength of more than 400 nm.
The light source mirror will be oriented to the Wl lamp, causing its beam to reflect to
the slit. Open the light source cover, and check that the image of the lamp is formed
as shown in Fig. 5-7.
Sidewise Lengthwise
deviation deviation
< Good > < No good >
Fig. 5-7
If the lamp image deviates sidewise, adjust the nut A and screw A in the light source
compartment.
If the lamp image appears on a vertically deviate position with respect to the Wl lamp
position, contact your local service office of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation.
The slit is located inside.

Check the lamp image
formed on this part.
Screw B Nut B Nut A Screw A

Fig. 5-8
At the end of the adjustment, be sure to secure the nut A.
5-7
(c) Turn on D2 lamp.

Press | MAIN MENU]. Choose Q] (Photometry) and choose \5] (System Setup);
then the screen as shown in Fig. 5-6 appears on the display. Choose D2 lamp and
choose [ f j (ON). Choose | FORWARD], and then D2 lamp turns on.
(2) Adjustment of D2 Lamp Position
(a) Turn off the Wl lamp.

Press [MAIN MENU], Choose [Tj (Photometry) and Choose [|] (System Setup);
then the screen as shown in Fig. 5-6 appears on the display. Choose Wl Lamp and
choose [2J (OFF). Choose D2 Lamp and choose [2] (OFF). Press | FORWARD!.
(b) Press the |GO TO WL| key, and set up a wavelength of less than 300 nm.
The light source mirror will be oriented to the D2 lamp, causing its beam to reflect to
the slit. Open the light source cover, and check that the image of the lamp is formed
as shown in Fig. 5-8.
If the lamp image appears on a horizontally deviate position, adjust it with the nut B
and screw B. After it is adjusted propelly, turn the nut B tightly.
(c) Turn on Wl lamp.

Press I MAIN MENU|. Choose |T| (Photometry) and choose {5} (System Setup);
then the screen as shown in Fig. 5-6 appears on the display. Choose Wl lamp and
choose Q] (ON). Choose I F O R W A R I J ] , and then Wl lamp turns on.
5-8
5.4.1
5.4 Storage
5.4.1 After Measurement
(1) Turn the power switch off, and unplug the power cord from power outlet.
(2) Place the accessory cover on the instrument.
NOTICE: If an organic solvent sample or a toxic gas sample has

been set in the sample compartment, be sure to remove
it after completion of measurement. Never leave these
kinds of samples in the instrument after measurement.
5.4.2 When Not Using the Instrument for a Long Time
(1) Store the instrument so that it will not be exposed to a high temperature (60 °C or higher), a
low temperature (-20 °C or lower), a high humidity (80% or higher), and intense vibration.
(2) Place the cover sheet on the instrument.
(3) Take care so that a detrimental gas such as a strong acid/alkali vapor will not intrude into
the instrument.
(4) Before transporting the instrument to a storage place, be sure to fix the light source mirror.
If the instrument is moved with the light source mirror not fixed, a failure may be caused by
impact or vibration. For fixing the light source mirror, use the sponge part indicated in
Item 1.1.
(5) Avoid storing the instrument in a place where magnetism is to be produced.
(6) Avoid a dusty environment for storage of the instrument.
(7) Avoid storing the instrument in a place exposed to direct sunlight.
5-9
APPENDIX 1.
APPENDIX 1. ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
The U-1900A spectrophotometer is applicable to absorption analyses of liquid, solid and gaseous
samples in ultraviolet and visible spectral regions.
Assuming that a monochromatic beam with intensity "/0" travels through a liquid having
concentration "c" and optical path length "I" and the intensity of the monochromatic beam
decreases to "/t" as shown in Fig. A1-1, the relationship expressed by Equation (1) can be set up.
I,/I0=10-~t=t (1)
where, "s" is an absorption coefficient that is determined depending on the sample under
measurement.
Equation (1) represents the Bouguer-Beer law, and "t" indicates a transmittance value.
In common practice of spectrophotometry, a value for transmittance is expressed as:
t x 100 = T (percent transmittance, or %T)
The common logarithm of the reciprocal of transmittance is expressed as shown below.

(2)
where, "E" represents an absorbance value (Abs).

Since absorbance "E" is proportional to concentration "c", it is indispensable for quantitative
determination. Transmittance and absorbance modes are available in this instrument.
Optical path length
^Transparent cell
Liquid
Monochromatic beam
Concentration
Fig. A1-1 Bouguer-Beer Law
APPENDIX-1
APPENDIX 2. FOR PROPER USE OF SPECTROPHOTOMETER
APPENDIX 2. FOR PROPER USE OF

SPECTROPHOTOMETER
(1) Solvent Selection
When selecting a solvent for sample preparation, make sure that the following
requirements are satisfied:
• Little absorption in the measurement wavelength range.

• Not interactive with the solute.
• Low volatility.
Table A2-1 shows the applicable wavelength ranges of organic solvents to be used in
common applications.
(For details, refer to "Lectures on Experimental Chemistry" Vol. 15, Part I, edited by the
Chemical Society of Japan.)
Table A2-1 Applicable Wavelength Ranges (Indicated by the solid lines)
Wavelength
200 nm 300 nm 400 nm or more
Solvent
J J J
Cyclohexane 200 nm
Ethyl alcohol 220 nm

220 nm
Methyl alcohol
220 nm
Ethyl ether
220 nm
Dioxane
220 nm
Hexane
250 nm
Chloroform
250 nm
Isopropyl alcohol
250 nm
Acetic acid
270 nm
Ethyl acetate
275 nm
Carbon tetrachloride
280 nm
Benzene
335 nm
Methyl ethyl ketone
340 nm
Acetone
I nm
Carbon disulfide
APPENDIX - 2
APPENDIX 2.
(2) Special Samples
Note that Equations (1) and (2) indicated in APPENDIX 1 are not applicable to analysis of
the following samples:
• Fluorescing samples
• Samples having high turbidity
In measurement of a solid sample such as a glass plate piece, a loss (r) in optical energy
occurs due to reflection on the surface of the solid sample. In this case, the following
equation is given.
I,/Io =10-**-r (3)
where, "r" varies depending on the reflectance of the solid sample under measurement.
APPENDIX-3
INDEX
0%T 3-80,4-4
A
Absorption coefficient APPENDIX-1
Absorption spectrophotometry APPENDIX-1
B
Bandpass 3-84, 4-7
Bouguer-Beer law APPENDIX-1
C
Check of contents 1-4
Cleaning of sample compartment 4-1
Communication connector 2-2
Concentration measurement 3-9, 3-24
Connection of grounding wire 1-8
Consumables 5-1
Control system 2-4
D
Diffraction grating 2-3
E
Error messages 3-99
F
Fuse 1-6
Installation 1-1
Instrument appearance 2-1
K
K factor 3-13, 3-28
L
Light source changeover 2-7
INDEX-1
M
Maintenance 4-1
N
Noise level 2-7, 3-84,4-8
o
Operation panel 2-5
Optical system.. 2-3
P
Photometric accuracy 2-7
Photometric range 2-7
Photometric repeatability 2-7
Photometry 3-3
Power supply voltage 1-2, 1-3
Printer output connector 2-2
R
Ratio mode 3-11
Replacement of light source lamp 5-2
Replacement parts 5-1
S
Scan speed 3-42
Self-diagnosis 2-6
Signal processing 2-4
Spares 5-1
Specifications 2-7
Stability 2-7
Stray light 2-7
T
Troubleshooting table 4-12
V
Validation function 3-84
W
Wavelength accuracy 2-7, 3-84, 4-5
Wavelength calibration 3-79
Wavelength setting repeatability 2-7, 4-6
Wavelength scan 2-7, 3-42
INDEX-2

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MODEL U-1900 UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETER

ABOUT THIS MANUAL

A SAFETY SUMMARY SAFETY-1

1.8 Cable Connection 1- 7

Fig. 1-1 Model U-1900 Spectrophotometer

NOTICE:> The light source switching mirror is held in place by

NOTICE: A temporary fastener is used on Wl Lamp for safe

Screw P Temporary fastener while transportation

1.2 Installation Conditions

1.2.1 Power Requirements

Power supply AC 100, 115, 220, 230 or 240 V

1.2.2 Installation Place

1.3 Installation Environment

(1) Operating temperature range 5 to 35 °C

(2) Operating humidity range 45 to 85%

(3) Storage temperature range -20 to +60 °C

(4) Storage humidity range 45 to 85%

(5) Atmosphere, Gas

(6) Other General Precautions

(e) Avoid a dusty environment (otherwise optical performance might deteriorate).

1.4 Check of Contents

(1) Detach the light source cover.

1.6 Antiearthquake Measure

Part No. 2J1-1365, Fastening Plate

Drawing of the clamp used in Fig. 1-2

Fig. 1-2. Sample of securing the body of the photometer

Fig. 1-3.Sample of securing the personal computer

1.7 Check of Power Voltage and Fuse

Fig. 1-2 Power Supply Section

Fuse Capacity Part No.

1.8 Cable Connection

Connect cables as indicated in Figs. 1-3 and 1-4.

Fig. 1-3 Cable Connection

Printer RS-232C Printer

Fig. 1-4 Cable Connection (PC control)

1.9 Connection of Power Cord and Grounding Wire

Fig. 1-5 Grounding

2.2 Instrument Appearance

Fig. 2-1 The U-1900 Spectrophotometer

2.2.1 Sample Compartment

Cell holder (4-stack)

Fig. 2-2 Sample Compartment

2.2.2 Right Side Panel of Spectrophotometer

(3) Accessory LCD contrast

Fig. 2-3 Right Side Panel of Spectrophotometer

2.3 Principle of Operation

2.3.1 Optical System

Concave diffraction D 2 lamp

Fig. 2-4 Optical System of U-1900 Spectrophotometer

2.3.2 Signal Processing & Control System

Light source Sample

External output section

Fig. 2-5 Signal Processing & Control System

2.3.3 Operating Panel

Fig. 2-6 shows Operating Panel Face.

Key Function / Operation

Up/down Arrow Key For choosing desired item above or below.

CLEAR For correcting incorrect input.

Setting input box (Enter setting value here)

2.3.5 Auto Calibration and Self-Diagnosis Functions

(1) Memory (ROM/RAM) check

Table 2-1 Specifications of the U-1900

Optical system Seya-Namioka mount, ratio beam