THE HUBERT KAIRUKI MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF MEDICINE

DEPARTMENT OF PARASITOLOGY

NAME OF FACILITATOR: DR. ANASTASIA ROGERS

NAME OF STUDENT: VICTOR PAUL MANDA

REGISTRATION NO: HK/MD/18/2259

QUESTION 1

Name two actions of mosquito do when bite human being.

-When a mosquito bites a human being usually at a vein, it does so for the purpose of ingesting
blood[blood feeding] and by doing so it releases anticoagulant chemicals from the mosquito’s saliva so
as to prevent clotting of the human blood for it to ingest it fully and while doing this if the human is
infected with plasmodium parasites and the asexual stage is complete the mosquito will ingest
gametocytes of the plasmodium parasite in the process.

-Also when the mosquito bite the human being and had completed the sexual stage of plasmodium
parasite then the mosquito will have sporozoites in their saliva and while biting the human being the
mosquito will release the sporozoites in the human being while releasing its saliva.

QUESTION 2

What is merozoites induced malaria?and how does it occur

-Merozoite induced malaria is the type of malaria where merozoites are injected either by direct
infection of red blood cells and erythrocytic schizogony with clinical illnesses.It does not involve
sporozoites induction through a bite of mosquito vector.

-Merozoites induced malaria can occur in the following situations;

~Blood transfusion from an infected donor to an uninfected recipient.

~Renal transplantantion if the donor had parasitaemia

~By different procedures when a small amount of blood are conveyed from person to person such as
shared syringe by drug abusers.

QUESTION 3

List four symptoms of complicated malaria as stipulated by WHO

-Decreased consciousness

-Kidney failure or haemoglobin in urine

-Two or more convulsions

-Low blood pressure[BP] mostly less than 70mmHg

QUESTION 4

Why falciparum infection is dangerous

-Falciparum infections are dangerous because they can produce fatal complications like;

a)Cerebral malaria

b)Malarial hyperpyrexia

c)Gastrointestinal disorders

d)Algid malaria

e)Black water fever which can lead to death

QUESTION 5

What is the effect of malaria to a new born

Malaria causes a lot of complications to new born babies and this is usually associated by presence of
malaria to the mother of the newborn (malaria in pregnancy).Malaria can result in;

-Low birth weight

-Fetal distress

-It can lead to infantile anaemia

-It can also cause sepsis like illnesses to the newborn

-It can also lead to fever and death of the newborn

-If it was transmitted from mother can lead to congenital malaria.

QUESTION 6

Differentiate Babesia from Plasmodium

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BABESIA AND PLASMODIUM

BABESIA PLASMODIUM
1.Causes babesiosis disease 1.Cause malaria disease

2.It’s vector insect is the tick 2.It’s vector insect is the mosquito

3.When its sporozoites enter the vertebrate they 3.When the sporozoites enter the vertebrate
enter the blood stream and invade erythrocytes they enter the liver first before entering the
without passing to the lives first erythrocytes for asexual multiplication.
4.The Babesia life cycle involves two hosts 4.The plasmodium life cycle involves one host
primarily infecting rodents or white footed and a vector that is the human being and
mouse and the the human and vector, the tick. mosquito respectiely
5.Its parasite is known as piroplasmosis 5.Its parasite is known as plasmodium