Pathology hour 2-5-17

Topics pending
• Rheumatic heart disease
• Bacterial endocarditis
• Pneumonia
• Jaundice
• Viral hepatitis B
• Cirrhosis
• Renal diseases
• Systemic hypertension
• Bone pending
Microbiology Hour 2-5-17
IMPORTANT QUESTION PAPER QUESTIONS
1. Enumerate helminthic infections along with their causative agents in man
2. Life cycle of a malarial parasite
3. Write the definitive and intermediate hosts in malarial parasites
4. Describe morphology, pathogenecity and life cycle of malarial parasite detail
5. Lab diagnosis of plasmodium vivex infection
6. Lab diagnosis of malaria
7. Give 4 differences in then morphology of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium
falciparum.
8. Enumerate the parasite found in peripheral smear of blood. Write down the
complication of falciform malaria
9. Parasites found in blood
10. Life cycle of round worm
11. Describe morphology, pathogenecity and lab diagnosis of entamoeba histolytica
dysentry  DETAIL
12. Draw the diagram illustrating life cycle of entamoeba histolytica
ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
 MALARIA  protozoal disease
• Plasmodium vivax
• Plasmodium falciparum  malignant malaria
• Plasmodium ovale
• Plasmodium malariae

• The parasites are transmitted by bite of

female ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
LIFECYCLE OF MALARIAL
PARASITE
 MALARIA
Malaria is a mosquito borne infectious
disease affecting humans and other
animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a
group of single-celled microorganisms)
belonging to the Plasmodium type.
 LIFECYCLE
In the life cycle of Plasmodium, a female
Anopheles mosquito (the definitive host)
transmits a motile infective form (called
the sporozoite) to a vertebrate host such
as a human (the secondary host), thus
acting as a transmission vector.
 The malaria parasite life cycle involves two
hosts.
During a blood meal, a malaria-infected female
Anopheles mosquito inoculates sporozoites
into the human host .

1)Sporozoites infect liver cells.

2)Mature into schizonts.

 3) Which rupture and release merozoites.

4) After this initial replication in the liver ,the

parasites undergo asexual multiplication in
the erythrocytes .Merozoites infect red
blood cells.

5) The ring stage trophozoites mature into

schizonts, which rupture releasing
merozoites.
 6) Some parasites differentiate into sexual
erythrocytic stages (gametocytes).

7) Blood stage parasites are responsible for the

clinical manifestations of the disease.

8) The gametocytes, male (microgametocytes)

and female (macrogametocytes), are ingested
by an Anopheles mosquito during a blood
meal.
C) The parasites multiplication in the mosquito is
known as the sporogonic cycle.

9) While in the mosquito's stomach, the

microgametes penetrate the macrogametes
generating zygotes.

10) The zygotes in turn become motile and

elongated (ookinetes).
 11) Which invade the midgut wall of the
mosquito where they develop into oocysts.

12) The oocysts grow, rupture, and release

sporozoites.

13) Which make their way to the mosquito's

salivary glands. Inoculation of the sporozoites
into a new human host perpetuates the
malaria life cycle.
Only female mosquitoes feed on blood,male
mosquitoes feed on plant nectar, and do not
transmit the disease.