RELATED LITERATURE

A study entitled “3-D Numerical Study On Shell-Side Comprehensive

Performance Of Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger With Combined Helical
Baffles” was performed by Guidong Chen, Jing Xu, Ming Zen, and Qiuwang
Wang. In order to improve heat transfer performance of conventional
segmental baffled shell-and-tube heat exchangers, the shell-and-tube heat
exchanger with combined helical baffles (CMH-STHX) were invented. In this
study, the CMH-STHX is compared with three other STHXs which were set up
with continuous helical baffles (CH-STHX), discontinuous helical baffles
(DCH-STHX) and segmental baffles (SG-STHX), by Computational Fluid
Dynamics method. The numerical results showed that, for the same mass
flow rate at the shell side, the overall pressure drop of the CMH-STHX is
about 50% and 40% lower than that of SG-STHX and CHSTHX. The heat
transfer coefficient of the CMH-STHX is between those of CH-STHX and
DCH-STHX and it is 6.3% lower than that of SG-STHX. The heat transfer
coefficient under unit pressure drop h/△p is introduced to evaluate the
comprehensive performance of STHXs. The h/△p of the CMHSTHX is 7.5%,
6.5% and 87.4% higher on average than those of the CH-SHTX, DCH-STHX
and SG-STHX. Furthermore, the total heat transfer rate of CMH-STHX is
about 25% higher than that of SG-STHX for the same total pressure drop of
shell side.
The study entitled “Analysis Comparing Performance Of A
Conventional Shell And Tube Heat Exchanger Using Kern, Bell And Bell
Delaware Method” performed by Shweta Y Kulkarni, Jagadish S. B.,
Manjunath M. B. In this study, a comparative analysis of a water to water
STHE wherein, hot water flows inside the tubes and cold water inside the
shell is made, they studied and analysed the heat transfer coefficient and
pressure drops for different mass flow rates and inlet and outlet temperatures,
using Kern, Bell and Bell Delaware methods. As for the result, shell side heat
transfer coefficient increases with increasing mass flow rate in all the three
methods, but the heat transfer given by Bell Delaware method is much more
than the other two methods. Also, the shell side pressure increase rapidly with
increasing flow rate and this increase is again more in Bell Delaware method
as compared to others.
The study entitled “Comparison of Correction Factors for Shell-And-
Tube Heat Exchangers with Segmental or Helical Baffles” performed by P.
Stehlik A., J. Nemcansky B., D. Kral B and L. W. Swanson C. Heat transfer
and pressure drop correction factors based on the Bell-Delaware method
have been compared for an optimized segmental baffle heat exchanger and a
helical baffle heat exchanger. In general, the results showed that properly
designed helical baffles offer a significant improvement in heat transfer while
providing a reduced exchanger pressure drop. The enhancement in heat
transfer for helical baffles was reflected by the so-called turbulence
enhancement correction factor, which accounted for the increase in heat
transfer observed at a critical baffle inclination angle of 25". As the baffle
inclination angle was increased beyond this critical angle, the turbulence
enhancement factor continued to increase and eventually produced a
maximum heat transfer enhancement of 1.39 times that for ideal cross-flow
conditions. The reduction in pressure drop due to the helical baffles was found
to vary from 0.26 to 0.60 depending on the helical inclination angle.
A study entitled “Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Heat
Exchanger Provided with Helical Baffles” performed by Mario Antonio
Cucumo, Vittorio Ferraro, Dimitrios Kaliakatsos, Marilena Mele, Antonio
Galloro, Rosario Schimio and Gianluca Le Pera. In this study, a three-
dimensional numerical solution of two real shell-and-tube heat exchangers,
with different types of baffles, segmental, and pseudohelical, is presented,
through the use of commercial codes, in order to evaluate the influence of the
baffles type on heat exchanger performance.
The study entitled “Experimental Investigation of Shell-And-Tube Heat
Exchanger with Different Type of Baffles” performed by Pooja J. Pawar and
Rupesh J. Yadav. In a shell and tube heat exchanger compare to segmental
and helical baffle, flower baffle gives better thermal and hydraulic
performance. Also manufacturing of flower baffles is easy compare to helical
baffle. Experimental results show that shell side heat transfer coefficient in
FB-STHX increases up to 35-46% than SG-STHX at same shell side
Reynolds number and at tube side velocity of 0.89 m/s, Pressure drop in FB-
STHX is less than SG-STHX. Pressure drop decreases up to 20-28%. Under
same operating condition i.e. at same shell side Reynolds number and at tube
side velocity of 0.89 m/s, and overall heat transfer coefficient in FB-STHX
increases up to 25-32% than SG-STHX at same operating conditions i.e.
same shell side Reynolds number and at tube side velocity of 0.89 m/s.
The study entitled “Experimental Performance Comparison of Shell-
Side Heat Transfer for Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchangers with Different Helical
Baffles” performed by Bin Gao, Qincheng Bi and Miao Gui. In this study, the
comparisons of shell-side flow resistance and heat transfer characteristics of
STHXsHB with different helix angles and baffle overlap proportions were
presented on the basis of the experimental data. The theory of entransy
dissipation was used to evaluate the effects of baffle overlap proportion on
irreversibility in STHXsHB with different helix angles. As for the result, For the
same baffle helix angle and shell-side mass flow rate, the shell-side pressure
drop gradient and heat transfer coefficient of the STHXsHB with large baffle
overlap proportion are greater than those with small baffle overlap proportion,
with the growth of shell-side Reynolds number, the shell-side friction factor of
the STHXsHB with large e decreases faster than that with small e at the
identical helix angle. However, for the same shell-side Reynolds number and
helix angle, the shell-side Nu and j factor increase with the decrease of baffle
overlap proportion. For the same mass flow rate or Reynolds number on the
shell side, the comprehensive performance of the testing STHXsHB with small
e is always better than that with large e at the same helix angle. According to
the theory of entransy dissipation, for the same heat transfer area, helix angle,
and shell-side Reynolds number, the irreversible loss of the STHXsHB with
small e is larger than that with large e. The baffle overlap proportion and helix
angle both affect the shell-side flow resistance and heat transfer performance
of STHXsHB. According to the experimental data, it is concluded that a
preferable selection of the helical baffles configuration in designing the
STHXsHB is the relatively larger helix angle and baffle overlap proportion.
A study entitled “Experimental Studies on Thermal Performance and
Flow Resistance of Heat Exchangers with Helical Baffles” performed by Chen
Wang, Jia-Gui Zhu, and Zhi-Fu Sang. In this study, the shell-side heat transfer
performance and flow resistance of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers with
third symmetrical, quarter-symmetrical, quarter-unsymmetrical helical baffles
and segmental baffles were experimentally obtained. Except for the baffles,
these heat exchangers had the same geometrical configuration and number
of tubes. Cold and hot water were used as working fluids in the shell and the
tube side, respectively. The experiments were done with the cold water
volumetric flow rate ranging between 3 and 7 m3/h and the hot water
volumetric flow rate constant at 5.5 m3/h. The results show that the heat
exchanger with segmental baffles has higher shell-side heat transfer
performance and flow resistance than those with helical baffles. Among the
three helical baffles used, the third-symmetrical helical baffle offers the
highest shell side heat transfer performance and flow resistance. The quarter-
unsymmetrical helical baffle offers the lowest shell-side flow resistance. Its
performance of shell-side heat transfer is also the lowest one but close to that
of the quarter-symmetrical helical baffle, so the quarter-unsymmetrical helical
baffle provides the best conversion efficiency in all heat exchangers
mentioned. Compared with the segmental baffle, the shell-side Nusselt
numbers that the third-symmetrical, the quarter-symmetrical, and the quarter-
unsymmetrical helical baffle offer decrease on the average by about 26%,
37%, and 38%, respectively, and the corresponding shell-side Euler numbers
they provide decrease on the average by about 33%, 49%, and 55%,
respectively. Thus, the relative shell-side conversion efficiencies increase by
about 9%, 25%, and 39% on the average, respectively.
A study entitled “Numerical Studies of a Novel Combined Multiple
Shell-Pass Shell-And-Tube Heat Exchanger with Helical Baffles” performed
Qiuwang Wang, Guidong Chen, Qiuyang Chen, Min Zeng, Dahai Zhang. In
this study, a combined multiple shell-pass STHX with continuous helical
baffles (NOVEL STHX) (helical angle β= 25º) was investigated with CFD
method. The numerical simulation results are compared with those of the
conventional STHX with segmental baffles. As for the result, In the NOVEL
STHX, fluid temperature has a bigger increase in the outer shell pass than
that in the inner shell pass, under the same mass flow rate M and overall heat
transfer rate Qm, the overall pressure drop DP of the NOVEL STHX is lower
than that of segmental baffled STHX by 13% on average in the calculations,
under the same overall pressure drop DP in the shell side, the overall heat
transfer rate Qm of the NOVEL STHX is nearly 6% higher than that of
conventional segmental baffled STHX.