VACCINES

 The body produces antibodies to fight the disease carrying microbe.

 The body remembers how to fight the microbe if it enters the body again.
 The body fights and kills all the microbes and the antibodies remain in the body so we are
protected from the microbe if it enters in the future.
 Several diseases such as cholera, tuberculosis, smallpox etc can be prevented by vaccination.

Increasing Soil Fertility

 Some bacteria and blue green algae are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen they
can use to enrich the soil fertility.
 These microbes are called biological nitrogen fixers.

Cleaning the Environment

 Micro-organisms decompose dead organic waste of plants and animals.
 Plant and animal waste will convert into manure by acting of microbes.

Harmful Microorganisms
 Micro-organisms that cause diseases are called pathogens.

Disease Causing Micro-organisms in Humans

 Pathogens enter our body though the air we breathe, water we drink or the food we eat.
They can also get transmitted by direct contact with an infected person or carried through
an animal.
 Microbial diseases that can spread from an infected person to a healthy person through air,
water food or physical contact are called communicable diseases.
 Some insects or animals act as carriers of disease-causing microbes.
 Examples of carriers of insects are housefly and Mosquito.
 Anopheles Mosquito carries malaria and Female Aedes Mosquito carries dengue.

Human Disease Causative Mode of Preventive

Micro-organism Transmission Measures
Tuberculosis Bacteria Air
Keep the patient in
Measles Virus(Rubeda) Air complete isolation.
Vaccination should
Chicken Pox Virus(Varicella) Air/Contact be given at a certain
age
Polio Virus Air/Water
Maintain personal
Cholera Bacteria Water/Food hygiene and good
sanitary habits.
Typhoid Bacteria Water

Hepatitis A Virus Water Drink boiled water.

Vaccination.

Use Mosquito net

Malaria Protozoa Mosquito and repellents. Spray
insecticides and
control breeding of
them by not allowing
water to collect in
the surrounding.