5/11/22, 10:06 AM Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

Human Health
 

4.1 Infectious and Non - Infectious Diseases

Infectious Disease Non-Infectious Disease

Caused by infection of pathogens directly through mediums and Caused by genetic factors or lifestyle
vectors Example: Cancer
Example: Tuberculosis The disease cannot be transmitted from one individual to
The disease can be transmitted from one individual to another another

Airborne diseases

Airborne diseases
Droplet transmission
Type
Dust transmission

Cover the mouth and nose when sneezing, coughing or yawning 

Do not spit everywhere
Prevention
Avoid being in a crowded place

Tuberculosis
Flu
Example
Influenza A (H1N1)

Waterborne diseases

Waterborne diseases
Happens in an area with an inadequate water supply and poor
Type sanitation

Build toilets with good sanitation

Boil drinking water properly
Prevention
Wash hands with soap after using the toilet

Cholera
Typhoid
Example
Amoebic dysentery

Infection through contact Infection through vectors

Example: Ringworm and Tinea - Touching the infected skin or wearing Animals that transmit these pathogens are called vectors.
the same clothes of an infected person will cause infections to occur
Example : 

1) Cockroach - Salmonella typhi

2) Aedes mosquito - Dengue virus

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5/11/22, 10:06 AM Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases

How do Vectors Spread Diseases?

Example :

A fly that lands on dirt has pathogen on its legs and body
The fly transmits the pathogens to the food
The pathogens enter the body of the person who eats the contaminated food

Three stages of preventions of infectious diseases

1) Primary stage - Improving health

2) Secondary stage - Determining transmission of infections through active and passive case detection

3) Tertiary stage - Controlling vector populations

4.2 Body Defence

Non-specific body defence mechanism Specific body defence mechanism

First Line of Defence Third Line of Defence

Skin - Prevents pathogens from entering the body Body immune system - Fights pathogens by producing antibodies

Second Line of Defence

White blood cell - Fight pathogens through phagocytosis

Passive Immunity and Active Immunity

Passive Immunity
Natural  Artificial
Obtained when a baby receives antibody from breast milk or Obtained when an antiserum is injected into the patient's body
from mother's blood that flows across the placenta The antiserum fights against pathogens
 The immunity is temporary and short-lived The immunity is fast and temporary

Active Immunity
Natural  Artificial
Occurs when a person recovers from an infection Occurs when a vaccine that contains a dead or weakened
The immunity lasts long after the infection pathogen is injected into the body and the immune system
responds by producing antibodies
The immunity lasts long after the infection

Immune System

Causes that weaken the immune system Practices that strengthen the immune system
Exposure to polluted air Getting enough sleep or rest
Stress Exercising and inhaling fresh air
Exposure to pesticides Doing periodic health examination

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